The schismatical Samaritanes, because they are not admitted to communicate With the lewes, endeuour to hinder the building of the Temple. 5. Which neuertheles procedeth, al the dayes of king Cyrus. 7. but is hundered by Artaxerxes, til the second yeare of Darius.
1Now the enemies of Juda and Benjamin heard that the children of the captivity were building a temple to the Lord the God of Israel.Ma i nemici di Giuda, e di Beniamin riseppero, come questi tornati dalla schiavitù edificavano un tempio al Signore Dio d'Israele:BVT the enemies of Iuda and Beniamin heard that the children of the captiuitie built a temple to our Lord the God of Israel.Audierunt autem hostes Judæ et Benjamin, quia filii captivitatis ædificarent templum Domino Deo Israël: 2And they came to Zorobabel, and the chief of the fathers, and said to them: Let us build with you, for we seek your God as ye do: behold we have sacrificed to him, since the days of Asor Haddan king of Assyria, who brought us hither.E andarono a trovare Zorobabel, e i capi delle famiglie, e disser loro: Permetteteci di aver parte con voi all'edificio, mentre noi pure seguitiamo il vostro Dio: e noi (gli) abbiamo immolate vittime fin dal tempo, che Asor Haddan re di Siria ci mandò qua.And coming to Zorobabel, and the princes of the fathers, they sayd to them. Let vs build with you, because euen as you, so do we seeke your God: Behold we haue immolated victimes from the dayes of Asor Haddan the king of Assur, which brought vs hither.et accedentes ad Zorobabel, et ad principes patrum, dixerunt eis: Ædificemus vobiscum, quia ita ut vos, quærimus Deum vestrum: ecce nos immolavimus victimas a diebus Asor Haddan regis Assur, qui adduxit nos huc. 3But Zorobabel, and Josue, and the rest of the chief of the fathers of Israel said to them: You have nothing to do with us to build a house to our God, but we ourselves alone will build to the Lord our God, as Cyrus king of the Persians hath commanded us.Ma Zorobabel, e Josuè, e tutti gli altri capi delle famiglie d'Israele disser loro: Noi non possiamo edificare con voi la casa al nostro Dio, ma noi soli la edificheremo al Signore Dio nostro, come ha comandato a noi Ciro re di Persia.And Zorobabel sayd to them, and Iosue, and the rest of the princes of the fathers of Israel: It is not for you and vs to build a house to our God, but we our selues alone wil build to the Lord our God, as Cyrus the king of the Persians hath cōmanded vs. It came to passe therforeEt dixit eis Zorobabel, et Josue, et reliqui principes patrum Israël: Non est vobis et nobis ut ædificemus domum Deo nostro, sed nos ipsi soli ædificabimus Domino Deo nostro, sicut præcepit nobis Cyrus rex Persarum. 4Then the people of the land hindered the hands of the people of Juda, and troubled them in building.E ne segui, che il popolo del paese inquietava i lavoratori del popol di Giuda, e li disturbava dal fabbricare.that the people of the land hindred the handes of the people of Iuda, and trubled them in building.Factum est igitur ut populus terræ impediret manus populi Judæ, et turbaret eos in ædificando.
5And they hired counsellors against them, to frustrate their design all the days of Cyrus king of Persia, even until the reign of Darius king of the Persians.E guadagnarono de' consiglieri del re per render vani i loro disegni per tutto il tempo, che visse Ciro re di Persia, e sino al regno di Dario re di Persia.And they hyred counselers agaynst them, to destroy theyr counsel al the dayes of Cyrus the king of the Persians, & vntil the reigne of Darius theking of the Persians.Conduxerunt autem adversus eos consiliatores, ut destruerent consilium eorum omnibus diebus Cyri regis Persarum, et usque ad regnum Darii regis Persarum. 6And in the reign of Assuerus, in the beginning of his reign, they wrote an accusation against the inhabitants of Juda and Jerusalem.Ma regnando Assuero, sul bel principio del suo regno accusarono per iscritto gli abitanti di Gerusalemme, e di Giuda.And in the reigne of Assuerus in the begining of his reigne, they wrote an accusation against the inhabitantes of Iuda and Ierusalem.In regno autem Assueri, in principio regni ejus, scripserunt accusationem adversus habitatores Judæ et Jerusalem. 7And in the days of Artaxerxes, Beselam, Mithridates, and Thabeel, and the rest that were in the council wrote to Artaxerxes king of the Persians: and the letter of accusation was written in Syrian, and was read in the Syrian tongue.E sotto il regno di Artaserse Beselam Mithridate, e Thabeel, e gli altri, che erano del loro consiglio, scrissero ad Artaserse re di Persia: e questa lettera piena di accuse era scritta in Siriaco, e si leggeva in lingua Siriaca.And in the dayes of Artaxerxes B•selam, Mitridates, & Thabeel, & the rest that were in theyr counsel writ to Artaxcrxes king of the Persians: and the epistle of the accusation was writen in Syriake, and was read in the Sirian language.Et in diebus Artaxerxis scripsit Beselam, Mithridates, et Thabeel, et reliqui qui erant in consilio eorum, ad Artaxerxem regem Persarum: epistola autem accusationis scripta erat syriace, et legebatur sermone syro. 8Reum Beelteem, and Samsai the scribe wrote a letter from Jerusalem to king Artaxerxes, in this manner:Reum Beelteem, e Samsai segretario scrissero al re Artaserse sopra Gerusalemme una lettera di questo tenore:Reum Beelreem, and Samsai scribe wrote one epistle from Ierusalem to Artaxerxes the king, of this tenure:Reum Beelteem, et Samsai scriba, scripserunt epistolam unam de Jerusalem Artaxerxi regi, hujuscemodi: 9Reum Beelteem, and Samsai the scribe and the rest of their counsellors, the Dinites, and the Apharsathacites, the Therphalites, the Apharsites, the Erchuites, the Babylonians, the Susanechites, the Dievites, and the Elamites,Reum Beelteem, e Samsai segretario, e gli altri loro consiglieri, i Dinei, gli Apharsathachei, i Therphalei, gli Apharsei, gli Herchuei, i Babilonesi, i Susanechei, i Dievi, e gli Elamiti,Reum Beelteem, and Samsai scribe, and the rest of their counselers, the Dineites, and the Apharsathaceites, the Terphaleites, the the Apharsei•es, the Erchueites, the Babylonians, the Susanecheites, the Dieuites, and the Aelamites,Reum Beelteem, et Samsai scriba, et reliqui consiliatores eorum, Dinæi, et Apharsathachæi, Terphalæi, Apharsæi, Erchuæi, Babylonii, Susanechæi, Dievi, et Ælamitæ, 10And the rest of the nations, whom the great and glorious Asenaphar brought over: and made to dwell in the cities of Samaria and in the rest of the countries of this side of the river in peace.E le altre genti trasportate dal grande, e glorioso Asenaphar, e condotte ad abitare pacificamente nelle città della Samaria, e nelle altre regioni oltre il fiume,and the rest of the Gentiles, which Asenaphar the great and glorious transported: and made them dwel in the cities of Samaria, and in the rest of the countries beyond the Riuer in peace: (et ceteri de gentibus, quas transtulit Asenaphar magnus et gloriosus, et habitare eas fecit in civitatibus Samariæ, et in reliquis regionibus trans flumen in pace
11(This is the copy of the letter, which they sent to him:) To Artaxerxes the king, thy servants, the men that are on this side of the river, send greeting.(Segue il tenor della lettera scritta a lui): Ad Artaserse re, i servi tuoi, gli uomini, che sono oltre il fiume, salute.this is the copie of the epistle, which they sent to him) To Artaxerxes the king, thy seruantes, the men that are beyond the Riuer, send greeting.(hoc est exemplar epistolæ, quam miserunt ad eum), Artaxerxi regi, servi tui, viri qui sunt trans fluvium, salutem dicunt. 12Be it known to the king, that the Jews, who came up from thee to us, are come to Jerusalem a rebellious and wicked city, which they are building, setting up the ramparts thereof and repairing the walls.Sappi, o Re, che i Giudej, che sono tornati di costà tra di noi, son rientrati in Gerusalemme, città ribelle, e malvagia, e la riedificano, e ne rialzan le mura, e ne ristorano le fabbriche.Be it knowen to the king, that the lewes, which came vp from thee to vs, are come into Ierusalem a rebellious and naughtie citie, which they build making the rampyres thereof, and repayring the walles.Notum sit regi quia Judæi, qui ascenderunt a te ad nos, venerunt in Jerusalem civitatem rebellem et pessimam, quam ædificant exstruentes muros ejus, et parietes componentes. 13And now be it known to the king, that if this city be built up, and the walls thereof repaired, they will not pay tribute nor toll, nor yearly revenues, and this loss will fall upon the kings.Sappi adunque, o Re, che se questa città, si rimette in piedi, e si ristaurano le sue mura, ei non pagheranno più il tributo, né le gabelle, né i pesi annui; e il danno cadrà fin sopra gli stessi re.Now therfore be it knowen to the king, that if that citie shal be built, and the walles therof repayred, they will not geue tribute, and tolle, & yearly rentes, and this damage wil come euen to the kinges.Nunc igitur notum sit regi, quia si civitas illa ædificata fuerit, et muri ejus instaurati, tributum, et vectigal, et annuos reditus non dabunt, et usque ad reges hæc noxa perveniet. 14But we remembering the salt that we have eaten in the palace, and because we count it a crime to see the king wronged, have therefore sent and certified the king,Or noi ricordandoci del sale, che abbiam mangiato nel palazzo, e perchè crediamo cosa scellerata lo star a vedere i danni del Re, per questo mandiamo a darne parte al Re.But we mindful of the salt that we haue eaten in the palace, and because we count it heynous to see the kings harmes, therfore we haue sent and certified the king,Nos autem memores salis, quod in palatio comedimus, et quia læsiones regis videre nefas ducimus, idcirco misimus et nuntiavimus regi, 15That search may be made in the books of the histories of thy fathers, and thou shalt find written in the records: and shalt know that this city is a rebellious city, and hurtful to the kings and provinces, and that wars were raised therein of old time: for which cause also the city was destroyed.Affinchè tu facci riscontrare i libri delle storie de' tuoi predecessori, e nelle loro memorie troverai scritto; e vedrai, come quella città è una città ribelle, e nemica dei Re, e delle (altre) Provincie, e come ab antico ha nutrite ribellioni: per le quali cose eziandio fu distrutta la stessa città.that thou recount in the bookes of the histories of thy fathers, and thou shalt finde writen in the commentaries: and shalt know that that citie is a rebellious citie, and hurtful to the kinges, and prouinces, and battels are raysed in it of old time: for the which cause also the citie it selfe was destroyed.ut recenseas in libris historiarum patrum tuorum, et invenies scriptum in commentariis: et scies quoniam urbs illa, urbs rebellis est, et nocens regibus et provinciis, et bella concitantur in ea ex diebus antiquis: quam ob rem et civitas ipsa destructa est.
16We certify the king, that if this city be built, and the walls thereof repaired, thou shalt have no possession on this side of the river.Noi facciam sapere al Re, che se questa città si riedifica, e si rialzano le sue mura, tu non sarai padrone di nulla di qua dal fiume.We certifie the king, that if that citie shal be built, and the walles therof repayred, thou shalt haue no possession beyond the Riuer.Nuntiamus nos regi, quoniam si civitas illa ædificata fuerit, et muri ipsius instaurati, possessionem trans fluvium non habebis. 17The king sent word to Reum Beelteem and Samsai the scribe, and to the rest that were in their council, inhabitants of Samaria, and to the rest beyond the river, sending greeting and peace.Il Re rispose a Reum Beelteem, e a Samsai segretario, e agli altri del loro consiglio, agli abitanti di Samaria, e agli altri di qua dal fiume, augurando loro salute, e pace.The king sent word to Reum Beelteem, and Samsai scribe, and to the rest that were in their counsel inhabitantes of Samaria, and to the rest beyond the Riuer, sending greeting and peace.Verbum misit rex ad Reum Beelteem, et Samsai scribam, et ad reliquos, qui erant in consilio eorum habitatores Samariæ, et ceteris trans fluvium, salutem dicens et pacem. 18The accusation, which you have sent to us, hath been plainly read before me,Le accuse, che voi ci avete scritte sono state lette parola a parola in mia presenza.The accusation, which you haue sent to vs, was openly read before me.Accusatio, quam misistis ad nos, manifeste lecta est coram me, 19And I commanded: and search hath been made, and it is found, that this city of old time hath rebelled against kings, and seditions and wars have been raised therein.E io ordinai, che si consultasse la storia, e hanno trovato come quella città è stata ab antico ribelle ai re, e guerre, e sedizioni sono insorte in essa:and I gaue commandment: and they recounted, and haue found, that that citie of old time rebelleth agaynst the kinges, and seditions and battels are raysed in it.et a me præceptum est: et recensuerunt, inveneruntque quoniam civitas illa a diebus antiquis adversum reges rebellat, et seditiones, et prælia concitantur in ea: 20For there have been powerful kings in Jerusalem, who have had dominion over all the country that is beyond the river: and have received tribute, and toll and revenues.Perocché fortissimi regi sono stati in Gerusalemme, i quali hanno avuto il dominio di tutto il paese oltre il fiume: e i quali esigevano tributi, e gabelle, e altri diritti.For there haue beene also most valiant kinges in Ierusalem, which also had dominion ouer al the countrie, that is beyond the Riuer. They tooke also tribute, and rolle, and rentes.nam et reges fortissimi fuerunt in Jerusalem, qui et dominati sunt omni regioni quæ trans fluvium est: tributum quoque et vectigal, et reditus accipiebant.
21Now therefore hear the sentence: Hinder those men, that this city be not built, till further orders be given by me.Ora pertanto udite la decisione: Proibite a quella gente di rifabbricare quella città, fino a tanto che io forse non comandassi altrimenti.Now therfore heare the sentence: Prohibite ye those men, that that citie be not built, til it perhaps shal be commanded by me.Nunc ergo audite sententiam: prohibeatis viros illos, ut urbs illa non ædificetur donec si forte a me jussum fuerit. 22See that you be not negligent in executing this, lest by little and little the evil grow to the hurt of the kings.Badate di non essere negligenti in far questo, onde a poco a poco venisse a crescere il male in pregiudizio dei re.See that you doe not negligently accomplish this thing, and by litle there grow euil agaynst the kinges.Videte ne negligenter hoc impleatis, et paulatim crescat malum contra reges. 23Now the copy of the edict of king Artaxerxes was read before Reum Beelteem, and Samsai the scribe, and their counsellors: and they went up in haste to Jerusalem to the Jews, and hindered them with arm and power.La copia adunque di questo decreto del re Artaserse fu letta in presenza di Reum Beelteem, e di Samsai segretario, e dei loro consiglieri: e andarono in fretta a Gerusalemme, e col la forza, e colle armi fecero il divieto a' Giudei.Therfore the copie of the edict of Attaxerxes the king was read before Reum Beelteem, and Samsai the scribe, and their counselers: and they went in hast into Ierusalem to the Iewes, & prohibited them with arme and strength.Itaque exemplum edicti Artaxerxis regis lectum est coram Reum Beelteem, et Samsai scriba, et consiliariis eorum: et abierunt festini in Jerusalem ad Judæos, et prohibuerunt eos in brachio et robore. 24Then the work of the house of the Lord in Jerusalem was interrupted, and ceased till the second year of the reign of Darius king of the Persians.Allora fu intermessa la fabbrica della casa del Signore in Gerusalemme, e non fu ripigliata sino all'anno secondo del regno di Dario re di Persia.Then was the worke of the house of our Lord in Ierusalem intermitted, and was not done vntil the second yeare of the reigne of Darius the king of the Persians.Tunc intermissum est opus domus Domini in Jerusalem, et non fiebat usque ad annum secundum regni Darii regis Persarum.
4:1
Year of the World 3469.
Enemies; Samaritans, and others, ver. 9.
4:2
Calmet
Asor Haddan sent a priest to instruct these people, but Salmanasar had transported them into the country. (Calmet)
Haydock
They continued for some time worshipping idols alone, and afterwards they consented to pay the like adoration to the Lord, 4 Kings 17:24, etc. (Haydock)
Josephus
It is clear, from their petition, that they had as yet no temple. The first was erected by them on Garizim, by leave of Alexander the Great, as a retreat for Manasses, brother of the Jewish high priest, and others who would not be separated from their strange wives. (Josephus, [Antiquities?] xi.)
Calmet
Yet the Samaritan Chronicle, lately published, seems to give a higher antiquity to that temple, and pretends that a miracle declared in favour of the place. (Calmet)
4:3
Haydock
You, etc. Literally, "It is not for you and us to build." But why might not these people assist in the work, as well as king Hiram or Darius? (Haydock)
Tirinus
Schismatics and heretics must not communicate in sacrifices with Catholics, (Worthington) nor must the latter have society with them, in matters of religion. The Jews feared lest the Samaritans might introduce the worship of idols, or claim a part of the temple, or at least boast of what they had done. (Tirinus)
Menochius
They were aware of the insincerity of these people. (Menochius)
Haydock
The permission was moreover only granted to the Jews: (Calmet) but Cyrus had exhorted all to contribute; (chap. 1:4,) and Darius, as well as his pagan governors, were not repelled with disdain, 1 Esdras 6:13. This treatment caused the Samaritans to be more inveterate, though the Jews were always more unwilling to come to a reconciliation. (Haydock)
Kennicott
"For the Scripture did not say, the Samaritans have no commerce with the Jews," says St. Chrysostom in John 4:The Jewish authors inform us, that "Ezra, etc., gathered all the congregation into the temple, and the Levites sung and cursed the Samaritans,...that no Israelite eat of any thing that is a Samaritan's, nor that any Samaritan be proselyted to Israel, nor have any part in the resurrection," etc. (R. Tanchum) (Lightfoot 1:p. 598.) (Kennicott)
Haydock
If this were true, it would be carrying their resentment too far; as we ought to promote the conversion of the greatest reprobates. But we have no reason to condemn such great men. They knew the character of the Samaritans, and wished to bring them to a sense of their duty, by this rebuke. (Haydock)
4:5
Tirinus
Counsellors; ministers of the king, (Calmet) or governors of the provinces. (Tirinus)
Calmet
Cyrus, who was ignorant of their machination, (Josephus) being engaged in war with the Scythians. We may easily conceive what ill-disposed ministers may do, against the inclinations of their prince. (Calmet)
Calmet
Darius, son of Hystaspes, who succeeded the false Smerdis, after five months' usurpation. (Calmet)
4:6
Assuerus; otherwise called Cambyses, the son and successor of Cyrus. He is also, in the following verse, named Artaxerxes, by a name common to almost all the kings of Persia, (Calmet) after Memnon. (Diodorus xv.) Septuagint, "Arthasastha." Arta signifies "great," and xerxes, "warriour." (Herodotus 6:98.)
Menochius
After Assuerus, some copies add, "he is Artaxerxes;" and Assuerus is so called in the Septuagint of Sixtus, 3 Esdras 2:16. (Menochius)
4:7
Herodotus
Artaxerxes may be the Oropastes of Trogus, (Calmet) or the false (Haydock) Smerdis. (Herodotus)
Beselam, etc. These governed the provinces on the west side of the Euphrates.
Syriac comprises the Chaldean, with which it has a great resemblance. It was spoken at the court of Babylon. (Xenophon vii.) See 4 Kings 18:26., and 2 Machabees 15:37., and Daniel 2:4.
4:8
Calmet
Beelteem. Syriac, "the son of Baltam." The term designates the office of Reum, "the master of reason," president of the council, treasurer, etc. (Calmet)
Protestants, "chancellor."
Haydock
From. Protestants, "against." (Haydock)
Hebrew, "concerning."
4:9
Counsellors. Septuagint and Syriac, "of our fellow-servants." Chaldean, "colleagues." This letter, and as far as 1 Esdras 6:16, is in the Chaldean language.
Calmet
Dinites, perhaps the Denarenians. (Junius) (4 Kings 17:24.) (Calmet)
4:10
Calmet
Asenaphar, commonly supposed to be the Asarhaddon, though we know not that he caused any of these nations to remove thither, as Salmanasar certainly did. (Calmet)
Lyranus
The name of the latter occurs in some copies. (Lyranus)
River, Euphrates.
Haydock
In peace. (Haydock)
Junius
The original, ceheneth, is neglected by the Septuagint and Arabic. The Syriac reads, "Acheeneth." Others translate, "at that time," as if the date had been lost. (Junius, etc.)
Haydock
Protestants, "and at such a time." (Haydock)
Pagnin
Others suppose the writers lived "at Kineeth." (Pagnin)
Calmet
But who ever heard of such a place? Le Clerc takes it to mean "and the rest," as if the title were curtailed. But it is more probable that the text ought to be Ceheth, as [in] ver. 17, and that we should translate, "beyond the river, (Calmet) as now, (11) unless this word ought to be here omitted, (Haydock) to Artaxerxes, the king, peace (and prosperity) as at present." (Calmet)
Haydock
Chaldean sslum ucath, "peace even now." (Haydock)
Haydock
So Horace says, suaviter ut nunc est, wishing a continuation of happiness. 3 Esdras 2:17. joins the last word with ver. 12, "And now be it," etc. Canoth may have this sense, (Calmet) and consequently no change is necessary. (Haydock)
4:11
Calmet
Him. This is a gloss. (Calmet)
Greeting. Protestants, "and at such a time."
4:12
Haydock
Rebellious. The Jews had shewn themselves impatient of subjection, contending with the kings of Assyria and Babylon, whose territories were now possessed by the successors of Cyrus, ver. 15. (Haydock)
4:13
Revenues. Septuagint, etc., include all under the term of "tribute."
4:14
Calmet
Eaten. Chaldean, "on account of the salt, with which we have been salted, from the palace." The king's officers were fed from his table. Salt is put for all their emoluments; (Calmet) and hence the word salary is derived. (Pliny, [Natural History?] 31:7.) We may also translate, "because we have demolished the temple, and because," etc. (Kimchi; Grotius, etc.) But this seems to refined. (Calmet)
Haydock
Protestants, "Now because we have maintenance from the king's palace, and it is not meet," etc. To have neglected their master's interests, would have betrayed great ingratitude and perfidy; particularly if they had entered into a covenant of salt, or solemnly engaged to be ever faithful servants, as the nature of their office implied, Numbers 18:19., and 2 Paralipomenon 13:5. (Haydock)
Delrio
Palace, being honoured with much distinction. (Delrio, adag. 215.)
4:15
Haydock
Fathers, the preceding emperors, Nabuchodonosor, Salmanasar, etc. (Haydock)
4:16
Possession. Septuagint have simply, "peace."
4:17
Greeting. Protestants, "peace, and at such a time," which has no great meaning. (Haydock) See ver. 10.
4:19
Calmet
Seditions: so are styled the just efforts of the Jews, to keep or to regain their liberty. (Calmet)
4:20
They had made some on the east side of the river pay tribute, though the king may speak of the countries on the west.
4:21
Hear. Chaldean, "give command," etc.
Haydock
Further: literally, "perhaps." (Haydock)
This was a private edict, which might be rescinded, Daniel 6:7.
4:23
Beelteem, is not in Chaldean.
Haydock
Arm, or "force." (Protestants) (Haydock)
4:24
House. They went beyond the order, which only forbade the building of the city, ver. 21.
Calmet
Darius, the year of the world 3485. (Calmet)
Tirinus
He was the son of Hystaspes, (St. Jerome) and not Nothus, the sixth from Cyrus, as Sulpitius and Scalinger believe. (Tirinus)
4:6
Assuerus.... Otherwise called Cambyses the son and successor of Cyrus. He is also in the following verse named Artaxerxes, a name common to almost all the kings of Persia.
4:2
Schismatikes and Here-tikes may not be admitted to communicate in sacrifice with Catholiques.
4:10
Socrate Scolastico † 440 d.C. The Ecclesiastical History of Socrates Scholasticus 4.23
… ‘for twenty years I have neither eaten, drunk, nor slept to satiety; my bread has always been weighed, my water measured, and what little sleep I have had has been stolen by reclining myself against a wall.’
4:1
1. Hostes Judae, — scilicet Samaritani, sive incolae Samariae perpetui Judaeorum inimici, ut patet vers. 2 et 10. De his dixi IV Reg. XVII, 24. Filii captivitatis, — id est Judaei nuper captivi, et jam ex captivitate reversi.
4:2
2. Asor Addan. — Hic est Asar Haddan filius Sennacherib, ultimus rex Assyriorum, de quo IV Reg. XIX, vers. ult.
4:3
3. Non est vobis et nobis (societas et communio in hac templi fabrica ut vobiscum conjuncti) aedificemus domum Deo nostro, — quia vos estis schismatici, imo haeretici et idololatrae: nam cum Deo nostro et vero colitis idola, quae coluistis in Assyria, ex qua traducti estis in Samariam. Noluerunt ergo Judaei Samaritas habere in fabrica socios. Primo, quia ipsi erant haeretici: unde disce quam communionem cum haereticis fugere debeamus, praesertim in rebus sacris et Sacramentis. Secundo, quia ipsi erant hostes Judaeorum; unde fraudem in fabrica committere potuissent, ut pro templo idolum fabricarent. Tertio, ne Samaritae templum quasi a se fabricatum sibi vindicarent, aut certe ejus partem habere vellent, in eoque suas superstitiones et idolorum cultus celebrarent. Quarto, ne malo dolo arenam pro calce, ac terram pro lapidibus fabricae immiscerent, itaque fabrica templi ruinas ageret, ac tandem rueret.
4:4
4. Populus terrae. — Samaritani jam dicti, accolae et incolae terrae vicinae, puta Samariae.
4:5
5. Conduxerunt (pretio et donis) consiliatores, — id est consiliarios, puta Persarum in Samaria, Syria et Judaea praefectos ac quaestores, ut vivente Cyro, quem sciebant favere fabricae urbis et templi, tarde et parce suppeditarent sumptus, aliisque dolis et malis artibus opus impedirent. Mortuo autem anno sequente Cyro, Cambysem ejus filium aggressi, ad eum scripserunt litteras quibus Judaeos ut pacis turbatores, et seditiosos accusabant; itaque ab eo rescriptum impetrarunt, quo jubebantur Judaei a fabrica supersedere. Ubi nota epistolas tam Regum quam Praefectorum hoc cap. et cap. seq. vers. 6 et 7 in textu Hebraeo, proprio ipsorum idiomate scilicet Chaldaeo scribi, non Hebraeo. Idem fit in Daniele. Praesertim quia Hebraei nuper in Babylone captivi ibidem linguam Chaldaeam didicerant, ac inde redeuntes, in illam declinarunt, atque avitam linguam Hebraeam cum Chaldaea commiscuerunt: ex qua commixtione orta est lingua Syro-Hebraea, vel Chaldaeo-Hebraea, quam alii Jerosolymitanam vocant. Sic lingua latina a Gothis cum Gothica commixta peperit nobis linguam Hispanicam, Italicam, Francicam. Dices: Cur Judaei non recurrerunt ad Cyrum sibi faventem, eique fraudes et dolos Samaritarum et Praefectorum detexerunt? Respondeo: Quia teste Josepho Cyrus domo abierat, profectus in bellum contra Lydos rebellantes, ac deinde contra Scythas, ubi et anno sequenti interiit. Cyro ergo absente, domi regebat Cambyses; cujus consiliarios muneribus corruperunt Samaritae, ut templi fabricam impedirent. Fuit autem hoc per biennium, ut habet liber III Esdrae, cap. V, vers. ultim., ex quo liquet octo annos, qui vulgo dantur regno Cambysis, inchoandos esse ab eo tempore, quo patre Cyro apud Lydos et Massagetas occupato, ipse rebus imperii domi praeerat. Nam post biennium occiso Cyro, solus Cambyses regnavit sex annos duntaxat. Vide Josephum.
4:6
6. In regno autem Assueri, — id est Cambysis. Ita Josephus, et patet ex praeced., hic enim patri Cyro in regno successit. Nota: Assuerus Chaldaice, Persice Artaxerxes, erat commune nomen regum Persarum et Babyloniorum, sicut Aegyptiorum regum commune nomen erat Pharao, et postea Ptolemaeus, ac Romanorum Caesar. Id ita esse patet ex hoc capite, ac ex Esther I, 1, collato cum cap. XIII, 1, et cap. XVI, 1. Assuerus vel, ut Chaldaice dicitur, Achasueros deducitur ab achas, id est magnus, et ros, id est caput, hoc est magnum caput, scilicet magnus rex et princeps. Unde iisdem fere litteris in aliam linguam transumptis, mutatis tamen vocalibus Graece vocatur Oxyares, id est acer Mars, martius, bellicosus: et Xerxes, quae vox Graece, ait Herodotus lib. VI, significat bellatorem; Artaxerxes autem, magnum bellatorem. Unde Scaliger, sect. VI, part. II, aliique linguarum periti asserunt haec nomina fere idem esse, idemque significare, scilicet Oxyares, Ochsoserces, Ochsoarses, Xerxes, Assuerus, Artaxes, Artaxerxes, vel ut Persae pronuntiant Xestes, Artaxestes, vel Artaxata: ita enim est in Hebraeo, vers. 3.
4:7
7. In diebus Artaxerxis. — Est idem Cambyses, qui Chaldaice dictus est Assuerus, Persice Artaxerxes, uti jam dixi ex Septuaginta. Unde to Artaxerxes non est in Hebraeo. Id ita esse patet ex Septuaginta. Quae enim hic dicuntur scripta ad Assuerum, ibi leguntur ad Artaxerxem data: imo nonnulli Codices hic vers. 6, sic habent: «In regno autem Assueri, ipse est Artaxerxes (ita Complutensia, idque patet ex fine capitis, vers. ult.,) usque ad Darium;» solus enim Cambyses post Cyrum legitimus rex usque ad Darium intercessit. Idem patet ex Josepho: Esdras enim descripturus, ait Cajetanus, modum quo praefecti ad regem scripserunt, more Hebraeo resumit tempus quo scripserunt, nominando eumdem alio nomine, scilicet Persico, quod ipse epistolis suis praefigere solebat. Videtur enim Esdras ex publicis chronicis et diariis Persarum, epistolam Samaritanorum descripsisse cum suo titulo qui erat: «Et in diebus Artaxerxis,» ita ut quem Esdras vocat «Assuerum,» chronica Persica vocarent nomine Persico «Artaxerxem.» Aliter Christophorus a Castro in cap. I Aggaei, sub initium, qui censet Assuerum esse Cambysem, Artaxerxem vero esse Smerdem magum, qui Cambysi successit, et se per fraudem in regnum intrusit. Pejus Scaliger censet Assuerum esse Xerxem; Artaxerxem vero esse Longimanum Xerxis filium, de quo plura vers. 24. Similis resumptio sermonis est Marci XV, 8 et 9, et saepe alibi. Cambyses fuit Judaeorum hostis, unde ab eis vocabatur secundus Nabuchodonosor, teste Eusebio in Chronico: erat enim Cambyses deorum contemptor, sacrilegus et parricida: nam fratrem proprium interfecit, ait Justinus; sororem vero duxit in uxorem, quam deinde interemit. Unde justa numinis vindicta seipsum occidit; insilienti enim in equum vagina gladii excidit, unde nudatus gladius in ejus femur infixus est, ex quo vulnere paulo post obiit, ait Herodotus et Justinus. Notat Cajetanus, quod licet Samaritae sub Cyro per consiliarios impedierint aedificationem templi ex sumptibus publicis et regiis, non tamen Judaeos a fabrica cessasse; sed in illa perrexisse ex privatis propriisque sumptibus: unde hoc quoque impediverunt litteris ad Cambysem datis.
4:8
8. Beelteem, — est nomen officii significans praefectum rationis, vel magistrum sapientiae, ait Lyranus. Arias vero vult esse nomen proprium, et significare possessorem saporis, vel gustus, vel rationis, vel eloquii; taam enim Hebraice et Chaldaice teem est super, gustus, et metaphorice sapientia; Hebraice Baal et Chaldaice Beel est Dominus, praefectus, praeses; igitur «Beelteem,» vel ut Hebraei pronuntiant Baaltaam, idem est quod praeses rationis et consilii, quod agitabatur in senatu et concilio, hoc est Cancellarius: hujus enim erat ad regem facta omnia referre, eaque scripto tabulis publicis consignare, et sua manu, sigilloque obsignare. Ita Josephus.
4:10
10. Asenaphar. — Hic est Asarhaddon, vel Sennacherib, vel quis alius ex ejus cognatis, vel agnatis.
4:13
13. Si muri (civitatis Jerusalem, quam Judaei aedificant) instaurati fuerint, tributum, etc. non dabunt, — quia confisi suis muris rebellabunt, et in libertatem (cujus sunt avidissimi) se asserent. Hinc patet Judaeos, licet e Babylone liberos, mansisse tamen Cyro et Persis vectigales et tributarios. Rursum Cyrum Judaeis facultatem dedisse non tantum templi, sed et urbis reaedificandae.
4:14
14. Nos autem memores salis, quod in palatio comedimus, — q. d. Nos memores sumus alimoniae et salarii (hoc enim a sale est dictum) quod nobis in aula dedisti, ut gratum erga te nos alentem animum ostendamus, monemus te de periculo, quod tibi a fabrica urbis Jerusalem imminet, ut eam impedias. Sic Pythagoras hoc symbolo: «Salem et mensam ne praetereas,» suos gratitudinis admonebat, quasi dicat: In rebus prosperis ne memoria excidat gratitudo debita amicis, qui sui salis et mensae participem te fecerunt. Sal enim notat convivium, quia in eo omnia sale condiuntur, ut sapiant. Hebraice est, quoniam sale palatii saliti sumus. Ita Septuaginta, id est quoniam in palatio tuo educati sumus. Potest quoque verti: Sale templum salivimus, id est omnino illud destruximus; olim enim cum locum aliquem desolare vellent, seminabant in eo sal.
4:24
24. Tunc intermissum est opus domus Domini (fabrica templi) in Jerusalem, et non fiebat usque ad annum secundum regni Darii regis Persarum. Quaeres: Quis fuit hic Darius? Scaliger et Severus Sulpitius, lib. II Histor., censent esse Darium Nothum, qui fuit filius nothus sive spurius Artaxerxis Longimani, ac post eum regnavit 19 annis. Contendit enim Scaliger Assuerum, cujus mentio facta est vers. 6, esse Xerxem; Artaxerxem vero de quo vers. 7, esse Longimanum Xerxis filium; Darium de quo hoc vers. esse Nothum; Artaxerxem, qui cap. VII, 1, misit Esdram et Nehemiam in Jerusalem, esse Artaxerxem cognomento Mnemonem, Darii Nothi filium et successorem. Quare sub Dario Notho aedificatum fuisse templum, urbem vero Jerusalem sub Artaxerxe Mnemone, atque ab anno secundo Darii Nothi inchoandas esse 70 hebdomades, quae fluxere usque ad ortum Christi, de quibus Daniel cap. IX. Ita Scaliger, qui dum unus ipse aerem omnium Chronologorum agit Aristarchum, omnes vicissim in se acriores provocat Aristarchos. Nam sub Dario non Notho, sed Hystaspis filio, qui Cambysi successit, aedificatum esse templum et urbem, patet ex communi Chronologorum, Interpretum et Doctorum consensu. Secundo, ex Josepho, qui id expresse docet. Tertio, ex lib. III Esdrae, cap. IV, vers. 43, ubi Darius hic vovit aedificare templum, si rex fieret, de quo mox plura. Quarto, quia juxta Scaligerum a Cyro, et a soluta captivitate Babylonica usque ad instaurata moenia Jerusalem, fluxissent anni 144; tot enim sunt a Cyro usque ad Darium Nothum: quod licet admittat Scaliger, repugnat tamen Aggaeus, cap. II, 4, ubi illi qui primitus e Jerusalem in Babylonem captivi abducti fuerant, adhuc superstites, videntes novam novi Zorobabelis templi fabricam, eam prae templo priori Salomonis, quasi parvi vel nullius pretii habuerunt. A combusto autem templo Salomonis per Chaldaeos, usque ad Darium Nothum fluxere anni 176, ait ipse Scaliger. Quis, quaeso, illo aevo vitam prorogabat ad annum 176? Rursum, si Esdras missus fuit ab Artaxerxe Mnemone in Jerusalem, ergo Esdras vixit ducentos fere annos: genitus est enim a Saraia Pontifice, qui occisus est a Chaldaeis anno primo captivitatis Babylonicae. Insuper Zorobabel, et Jesus filius Josedec, qui sub Cyro praefuerunt reductioni captivitatis, et postea interfuerunt huic reaedificationi templi sub Dario, fuissent 130 aut 140 annorum, cum tamen libro III Esdrae cap. III, 4, Zorobabel vocetur «adolescens unus e custodibus Darii.» Fuit ergo hic Darius non Nothus, sed Hystaspis. Ita Josephus, lib. XI Antiq. cap. IV, Eusebius in Chron., S. Hieronymus in cap. IX Daniel, Bellarminus, Genebrardus, Torniellus, Salianus, et passim recentiores. Argumenta Scaligeri solvam Nehemiae cap. XII, 10, et cap. XIII, 28; vult enim ipse Sanaballat, de quo ibi agitur, fuisse coaevum Jaddo Pontifici et Alexandro Magno, sed falso. Anno ergo secundo Darii Hystaspis resumpta est templi fabrica per annos novem intermissa, ac sexto ejusdem anno fuit absoluta, scilicet fabrica Sancti et Sancti sanctorum; nam atrium sive exterior pars templi, et per consequens totum templum quoad omnia consummatum fuit anno 6 Darii, ut habet Josephus, lib. XI, cap. IV, 16. Porro, causa quae Darium movit ad reaedificandum templum, fuit Zorobabel, qui Dario fuit aulicus gratissimus et in deliciis, eique adhuc principi suggessit, ut votum faceret de aedificando templo si crearetur rex: creatus proposita quaestione: «Quid esset omnium fortissimum?» cum unus dixisset esse vinum, alius esse mulieres, tertius esse regem, Zorobabel dixit esse veritatem, de eaque re tam sapienter et eleganter disseruit, ut Darius jusserit eum petere quicquid vellet: quo audito Zorobabel ita orsus est lib. III Esdrae cap. IV, 43: «Memor esto voti tui, quod vovisti, aedificare Jerusalem in die qua regnum accepisti, et omnia vasa quae accepta sunt ex Jerusalem remittere, quae separavit Cyrus, quando mactavit Babyloniam, et voluit remittere ea ibi. Et tu vovisti aedificare templum quod incenderunt Idumaei, quando exterminata est Judaea a Chaldaeis. Et nunc hoc est quod postulo, Domine, et quod peto: hoc est, majestas, quod a te postulo, ut facias votum quod vovisti regi coeli ex ore tuo. Tunc surgens Darius rex osculatus est illum, et scripsit epistolas ad omnes dispensatores et praefectos et purpuratos, ut deducerent eum, et eos qui cum illo erant omnes ascendentes aedificare Jerusalem. Et omnibus Praefectis qui erant in Syria, et Phoenice, et Libano scripsit epistolas, ut traherent ligna cedrina a Libano in Jerusalem, ut aedificarent cum eis Civitatem.» Denique «Darius» Persice significat φρόνιμον, id est prudentem, ait Hesychius. Prudentia enim et providentia est prima dos regis, ad rite gubernandum; unde Herodotus, lib. I, sub finem, hoc de eo Cyri contra Scythas (ubi et periit) tendentis somnium recenset: «Videbatur Cyrus in somniis cernere maximum natu filiorum Hystaspis habentem in humeris alas, quarum altera Asiam, altera Europam inumbraret. Erat ex Hystaspi Achaemenide Arsamenis filio, ex liberis natu maximus Darius, tunc ferme vigesimum aetatis annum agens, in Perside relictus, quod non maturus militiae esset. Experrectus Cyrus visum suum intra se retractabat. Quod cum ei magni momenti videretur, vocato Hystaspi, remotis arbitris, inquit: Filius tuus Hystaspes mihi atque regno meo insidiari deprehensus est.» Addidit deinde se id rescivisse ex somnio jam dicto, quod Hystaspi enarravit. «Quapropter tu, ait, celerrime in Persidem revertere, facitoque ut cum ego subactis Massagetis illuc rediero, filium tuum mihi sistas ad causam dicendam.» Sed occisus Cyrus successorem reliquit Cambysem, cui successit Darius. Hinc «Darius» Graece idem est quod coercitor, ait Herodotus lib. VI, δερήσεται enim idem est quod vapulabit, a δέρω, id est caedo, verbero, excorio. Hebraice vero «Darius» idem est quod investigator, a rad. דרש daras, id est, quaesivit, investigavit: hoc est opus prudentis, qualis erat «Darius,» qui Persice idem est quod prudens: aut «Darius» idem est quod generatio et duratio: דור enim est generatio et duratio. Apte: Darii enim stirps duravit in imperio Persico usque ad Darium Ochum.
4:1
Con Zorobabel preparò la mano d'opera e i materiali per la ricostruzione del Tempio, cui diede inizio, tra grandi manifestazioni di fede, nel maggio 536 (Esd. 3, 7-13). Rigettò, per la purezza del jahwismo, la collabborazione dei Samaritani (Esd. 4, 1-3). Ripresa per incitamento di Aggeo e Zaccaria la ricostruzione forzatamente sospesa (a. 520), G. consacrò solennemente il nuovo Tempio nel 516 (Esd. 5, 1 sg.; 6, 14-17). G. con Zorobabel …
4:4
ZOROBABEL (EBR. ZERUBBĀBEL, NOME D'ORIGINE BABILONESE, ZIR-BABILI, « SEME » O « RAMPOLLO DI BABEL »)
… popolo del paese rendeva inerti le mani del popolo di Giuda, inconfondogli paura di fabbricare e prezzolando contro di essi dei consiglieri per mandare a vuoto il loro progetto: (ciò durò) per tutti i giorni di Ciro re di Persia, fino al regno di Dario » (ibid. 4, 4-5). Questa ostilità della popolazione
4:6
… (i Settanta gli sostituiscono erroneamente « Artaserse »). Ricorre ancora in Esd. 4, 6; Tob. 14, 15 (testo greco, ed. sistina); Dan. 9, 1; si discute se sia lo stesso personaggio.
Gen. 26, 21, «accusa» Esd. 4, 6) ricorre nella Bibbia ebraica nove volte come nome comune: «avversario» in guerra (I Sam. 29, 4; I Reg. 5, 18; 11, 14, 23, 25) o in tribunale (Ps. 108, 6) o colui che sbarra la via: …
4:7
in Esd. 4, 7 (ove anche l'ebr. ha Ṭābhē'ēl).
4:9
AFARSACHEI (APHARSACHEI, APHARSATACHEI, APHARSEI)
Il nome aramaico presenta tre forme: 1) afārsekāyē (Esd. 4, 9); 2) afarsāyē (ibid. 5, 6; 6, 6); 3) afarsāthkāyē (ibid. 4, 9). Il 1° e 2° nome sono dai più ritenuti identici; il 1° ha solo in più la terminazione aggettiva kāyē. …
DINEI (ARAM. DINĀJĒ; VOLG. DINAEI)
DINEI (aram. dinājē; Volg. Dinaei). - In Esd. 4, 9 vengono nominati nella serie degli esuli dalla Babilonia, da Susa, ecc., trapiantati dai re assiri in Samaria (v. APARSACHEI). …
… Però il nome di questo re di E. non risulta ancora dalle iscrizioni profane. Esd. 4, 9 enumera anche gli Elamiti tra i diversi popoli deportati dalle regioni orientali, che costituirono il nuovo popolo samaritano. …
4:12
Fin dal 722 a. C., e specialmente dall'esilio babilonese (sec. vi a. C.), Israele era ridotto alla sola tribù di Giuda; gli Israeliti si chiamarono quindi « Giudei » (Ier. 40, 11-15; 44, 26; Zach. 8, 23; Esch. 2, 5; 3, 6; 9, 29, ecc.; Esd. 4, 12, ecc.; Neh. 4, 2; 5, 17; 6, 6, ecc.; specissimo in I-II Mach. e nel Nuovo Testamento).
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.