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Ciacchi, LuigiVol. III, p. 915 CIACCHI, LUIGI. — Cardinal, born at Pesaro on 16 August 1788, died at Rome on 17 December 1865. Having arrived in Rome at a young age, he pursued a prelatical…
Ciaccio, GiuseppeVol. III, p. 915 CIACCIO, GIUSEPPE. – Italian physician and histologist (1824–1901), professor at the University of Bologna, known for his studies of the electric organ of the…
Ciaconio (Chacón), PedroVol. III, p. 915 CIACONIO (CHACÓN), PEDRO. – Spanish theologian and humanist, born in Toledo in 1527, died in Rome in 1581, where he resided for a long time. Gregory XIII…
Ciaconio, AlfonsoVol. III, p. 915 CIACONIO, ALFONSO: v. CHACÓN ALONSO.
Cialdi, AlessandroVol. III, p. 915 CIALDI, ALESSANDRO. — Navigator and scholar of hydraulic and nautical sciences, pontifical naval officer, born in Civitavecchia on 9 April 1807, died in Rome…
Ciamcian, MicheleVol. III, p. 916 CIAMCIAN, MICHELE. - Armenian Mekhitarist monk of Venice, born in Constantinople in 1738, died there in 1823. An eminent figure of a learned orientalist,…
Ciampi, Lecrezio Vincenzo(CIAMPI, LECRENZIO VINCENZO)Vol. III, p. 916 CIAMPI, LECRENZIO VINCENZO. — Musician from Piacenza, born in 1719, he studied in Piacenza with the maestro di cappella Rondini, went to Naples (perhaps a…
Ciampi, SebastianoVol. III, p. 916 CIAMPI, SEBASTIANO. - Priest, b. at Pistoia on 31 Oct. 1769, d. at Firenze on 14 Dec. 1847. Professor of ancient literatures at the University of Firenze, then…
Ciampini, Giovanni GiustinoVol. III, p. 917 CIAMPINI, GIOVANNI GIUSTINO. — Born in Rome on 13 April 1633, died there on 12 July 1698. A skilled jurist, he subsequently held highly important offices in…
Ciampoli, GiovanniVol. III, p. 917 CIAMPOLI, GIOVANNI. - Man of letters, born in Firenze in 1589, died at Iesi on 8 September 1643. He began his studies with the Jesuits and the Dominicans.…
Ciantes, Giuseppe-MariaVol. III, p. 917 CIANTES, GIUSEPPE-MARIA. - Dominican bishop, Hebraist, and theologian, b. in Rome in 1620, d. there on 24 Feb. 1670. He belonged to the convent of S. Maria…
Ciasca, AgostinoVol. III, p. 917 CIASCA, AGOSTINO. - Augustinian cardinal, born at Polignano a mare (Bari) on 7 May 1835, died on 6 Feb. 1902. A learned orientalist, he took part in the…
Ciassare (In the inscription of Bisutūn, Huwahītra = «Of Good Development»)(CIASSARE (NELL'ISCRIZIONE DI BISUTÚN, HUWAHÍTRA = « DI BUONO SVILUPPO »))Vol. III, p. 918 CIASSARE (in the Bisutun inscription, Huwahítra = “of good development”). — King of the Medes (635?–584), son of Fraortes, who had died fighting against the…
Cibo, Family(CIBO, FAMIGLIA)Vol. III, p. 919 CIBO, FAMIGLIA. — Noble Genoese family. It began to attract notice in the first half of the 15th century with ARANO C., who served the Aragonese of Naples and…
Ciborium(CIBORIO)Vol. III, p. 920 CIBORIO. — From the Greek κιβώριον, also called fastigium, tegurium, and in the Middle Ages tiburium. It was an arched covering supported by four columns,…
Cicatelli, SanzioVol. III, p. 922 CICATELLI, SANZIO. - Born in Napoli in 1570, died there on 29 June 1627. Received at the age of nineteen by Camillo de Lellis (v.) into his Company, founded in…
Ciccione, AndreaVol. III, p. 922 CICCIONE, ANDREA: v. ANDREÀ da NOFRI.
Ciceri, AlessandroVol. III, p. 922 CICERI, ALESSANDRO. - Jesuit missionary, b. at Como on 27 May 1639; he entered the novitiate in 1655 and left for India in 1674. He was visitor of the…
Cicero, Marcus Tullius(CICERONE, MARCO TULLIO)Vol. III, p. 922 CICERONE, MARCO TULLIO. – Roman orator, statesman, and philosopher, born on 3 January 106 B.C. at Arpino, died at the hands of Antony’s assassins near Gaeta on…
Cicogna, Emanuele AntonioVol. III, p. 924 CICOGNA, EMANUELE ANTONIO. - The foremost scholar and bibliophile of his time, born in Venezia in 1789, he studied at the College for Nobles run by the…
Cicognini, Iacopo(CICOGNINI, IACOPD)Vol. III, p. 925 CICOGNINI, IACOPD. - Writer, b. at Castrocaro in 1557, d. at Firenze in 1633. Having graduated in law at Pisa in 1600, he attempted many occupations in life,…
Ciconia, IohannesVol. III, p. 925 CICONIA, IOHANNES. – Musician and theorist, poet and singer, a Paduan canon but originally from Liège, he was, rather than a purely eclectic composer, the most…
CidVol. III, p. 925 CID. — By this name (Arabic sajjid = lord), bestowed upon him by the vanquished enemy, history consecrates Rodrigo Díaz de Bivar, the Castilian hero in whom…
Cidone (Cidonius, Kydones)(CIDONE (CIDONIO, KYDONES))Vol. III, p. 926 CIDONE (CIDONIO, Kydones). — I. DEMETRIO. — He was a Greek politician, man of letters, and theologian of the fourteenth century, born in Thessalonica (c. 1324)…
Cienfuegos, Diocese of(CIENFUEGOS, DIOCESI DI)Vol. III, p. 934 CIENFUEGOS, DIOCESE of. - A city of the Republic of Cuba in the Antilles, and the seat of a diocese, suffragan to Santiago de Cuba (v.), which comprises the…
Cienfuegos, ÁlvarezVol. III, p. 934 CIENFUEGOS, ÁLVAREZ. - Celebrated Spanish Jesuit theologian, bishop, and cardinal, b. at Oviedo (Asturias) on 27 Feb. 1657, d. at Rome on 19 Aug. 1739. Having…
Cieplak, Jan FeliksVol. III, p. 934 CIEPLAK, JAN FELIKS. - Polish bishop, born at Dombrowa (diocese of Kielce) on 17 Aug. 1857, died at Passaic, near New York, on 17 Feb. 1926. Professor at the…
Cigoli, Cardi Ludovico detto IlVol. III, p. 935 CIGOLI, CARDI LUDOVICO known as il. - Painter, architect, and sculptor, b. at Cigoli (S. Miniato), 21 Sept. 1559; d. at Rome, 8 June 1613. A pupil of…
CiliciaVol. III, p. 937 CILICIA. – A vast region in the southeastern corner of Asia Minor. The long chain of the Taurus, with the high peak of Bulgar Dağ (3500 m), separates it to the…
Cilicia of the Armenians(CILICIA DEGLI ARMENI)Vol. III, p. 938 CILICIA degli ARMENI. — Catholic patriarchate since 26 November 1742, when Benedict XIV confirmed Apraham Artzineam, a Catholic bishop elected katholikâ of Sis…
Cima da ConeglianoVol. III, p. 939 CIMA da CONEGLIANO. - Painter, born at Conegliano between 1459 and 1460 and died there in 1517-18. In 1492 he settled in Venice, where he remained for almost…
CimabueVol. III, p. 939 CIMABUE. - Cenni di Pepo known as C., painter (from P. Mornand, Le visage du Christ, Paris 1570) CIMABUE - Jesus Christ - New York, Duween coll. Florentine,…
Cimarosa, DomenicoVol. III, p. 940 <<<TRANSLATE>>> CIMAROSA, DOMENICO – Italian opera composer of the 18th century, born in Aversa in 1749. He studied in Naples with the organist P. Polcabo and…
Cimbebasia Inferiore, Apostolic Vicariate of(CIMBEBASIA INFERIORE, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. III, p. 943 CIMBEBASIA INFERIORE, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO di: v. WINDROCK, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO di.
Cimbebasia Superiore, Diocese of(CIMBEBASIA SUPERIORE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. III, p. 943 CIMBEBASIA SUPERIORE, DIOCESI di: v. SILVA PORTO, DIOCESI di.
Cimitero dei Giordani(GIORDANI, CIMITERO DEI)Vol. VI, p. 276 GIORDANI, CIMITERO dei. — On the Via Salaria nuova. Nothing certain can be said about the plural form of the name of this cemetery, which has led some to think…
Cincinnati, Archdiocese of(CINCINNATI, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. III, p. 976 CINCINNATI, ARCIDIOCESI of. — City in the State of Ohio in the United States and seat of a metropolitan archdiocese comprising a territory of approximately…
Cinematics(CINEMATICA)Vol. III, p. 976 CINEMATICA : v. MECCANICA.
Cinematograph(CINEMATOGRAFO)Vol. III, p. 976 CINEMATOGRAFO. — I. MORALITY AND PEDAGOGY. — Having appeared only in 1895, the c. quickly succeeded in rising to a true artistic stature, moving from silent…
Cingoli, Diocese of(CINGOLI, DIOCESI DI)Vol. III, p. 979 CINGOLI, DIOCESI di: v. OSIMO, DIOCESI di.
Cingulum(CINGOLO)Vol. III, p. 979 CINGOLO. - From the secular use of a belt to keep the tunic fastened around the hips arose the sacred garment in the form of a cord, with two tassels at the…
Cini, Adelaide, Venerable(CINI, ADELAIDE, VENERABILE)Vol. III, p. 979 CINI, ADELAIDE, venerable. — Born at La Valletta (Malta) on 25 October 1838, died at Hamrun (Malta) on 28 March 1885. She remained in the world, devoted to…
Cini, Giovanni, Blessed(CINI, GIOVANNI, BEATO)Vol. III, p. 980 CINI, GIOVANNI, blessed. - Of the Third Order of St. Francis, founder of a short-lived Order and of a Company of Disciplinati in Pisa, probably born in Pisa…
Cinnamon (Heb. Qinnāmōn, Greek κυνάμωμον)(CINNAMOMO (EBR. QINNĀMŌN, GRECO ΚΥΝΆΜΩ-ΜΟΝ))Vol. III, p. 981 CINNAMOMO (Hebr. qinnāmōn, Greek κυνάμω-μον). – An aromatic element of anointing oil (Ex. 30:23). It is often mentioned in enumeration with other perfumes,…
Cino da PistoiaVol. III, p. 981 CINO da PISTOIA. - C. de’ Sighibuldi, born about 1270, studied grammar in his native city and law at Bologna and in France; he was a jurist and judge at…
Cinquecento, Art of the(CINQUECENTO, ARTE DEL)Vol. III, p. 981 CINQUECENTO, ARTE del: v. RINASCIMENTO.
Cinquechiese, Diocese of(CINQUECHIESE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. III, p. 981 CINQUECHIESE, DIOCESE of. — A city (called Pécs in Hungarian and Fünfkirchen in German), episcopal see and capital of the province of Baranya in Hungary. Its…
Ciocchi del Monte, Antonio Maria(CICOCCHI DEL MONTE, ANTONIO MARIA)Vol. III, p. 982 CICOCCHI DEL MONTE, ANTONIO MARIA. - Cardinal, b. at Monte S. Savino in 1461, he was auditor of the Camera and of the Rota, bishop of Città di Castello on 4…
Cioni, Giovanni Battista, Venerable(CIONI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, VENERABILE)Vol. III, p. 982 CIONI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, venerable. – First member of the Clerics Regular of the Mother of God, b. in Lucca on 11 Nov. 1556, in the C. palace, third-born son…
CiortiVol. III, p. 982 CIORTI: v. LAMAIEMO. C. I. P.: v. PUBBLICA OPINIONE.
Ciparissiota, GiovanniVol. III, p. 982 CIPARISSIOTA, GIOVANNI. – Byzantine writer of the 14th century, also known by the title of “the Wise.” He left two celebrated works, one of which has remained…
Cipher and Ciphering(CIFRA E CIFRARIO)Vol. III, p. 934 CIFRA e CIFRARIO: V. CRITTOGRAFIA.
Cipolla, CarloVol. III, p. 982 CIPOLLA, CARLO. – Historian, born in Verona on 26 September 1854, died on 17 January 1917. A pupil in Padua of Gloria and De Leva, in 1882 he succeeded Ercole…
Cippus(CIPPO)Vol. III, p. 983 CIPPO. - A parallelepiped of stone or marble, used either to indicate a burial and thus bearing the relevant inscription, or to mark a boundary or frontier.…
Circulation(CIRCOLAZIONE)Vol. III, p. 989 CIRCULATION. – By c. is meant that ensemble of structures and functions capable of causing a current of liquid to circulate incessantly from the surfaces of…
Circumambulation(CIRCUMAMBULAZIONE)Vol. III, p. 995 CIRCUMAMBULATION. – A rite consisting in circling around the boundaries of a piece of land, a building, or an object. This circling is performed for two…
Circumcellions(CIRCONCELLIONI)Vol. III, p. 990 CIRCONCELLIONI. – A name given in Roman Africa to groups of unemployed and unruly peasants and laborers who committed numerous acts of violence of every kind.…
Circumcised(CIRCONCISI)Vol. III, p. 991 CIRCONCISI. — Heretics of the thirteenth century, so called from their practice of the Jewish rite of circumcision. They are designated by this term in the…
Circumcision (From Lat. circumcisio, «cutting around»; Gr. περιτομή; Heb. Milāh)(CIRCONCISIONE (DAL LAT. CIRCUMCISIO, «TAGLIO INTORNO»; GR. ΠΕΡΙΤΟΜΉ; EBR. MILĀH))Vol. III, p. 991 CIRCUMCISION (from Latin circumcisio, “cutting around”; Greek περιτομή; Hebrew milāh). — Total or partial removal, or even a simple incision, of the foreskin…
Circumincession(CIRCUMINSESSIONE (CIRCUMINSESSIO, CIRCUMINCESSIO))Vol. III, p. 995 CIRCUMINSESSIONE (circuminsessio, circumincessio). — A word of Greek derivation, denoting the mutual indwelling of the three persons of the Most Holy Trinity,…
Circumstances(CIRCOSTANZE)Vol. III, p. 995 CIRCOSTANZE: v. DELITTO; MORALITÀ, fonti della; PECCATO.
Cire-Perdue Casting(GETTO (FUSIONE A CERA PERDUTA))Vol. VI, p. 196 GETTO (FUSIONE A CERA PERDUTA). — The g., or casting, is generally the operation performed in sculpture to obtain the finished work from the matrix mould,…
CirellaVol. III, p. 995 CIRELLA. - It corresponds to C. Vecchia, of which ruins remain on the Tyrrhenian coast, a little south of the mouth of the Lao. It was a city of Brutium, on…
Ciriaci, AugustoVol. III, p. 997 CIRIACI, AUGUSTO. - B. in Roma on 10 Aug. 1889, d. there on 3 Sept. 1936. He worked in the ranks of Catholic Action from his earliest years, first as an…
Ciriaco of Ancona(CIRIACO D'ANCONA)Vol. III, p. 997 CIRIACO d'ANCONA: v. PIZZICOLLI, CIRIACO dei.
Ciriaco of Antioch(CIRIACO DI ANTIOCHIA)Vol. III, p. 997 CIRIACO di ANTIOCHIA. - Jacobite Patriarch of Antioch, who lived in the eighth century. A monk in the monastery of Bizonà or “of the columns” near Callinico,…
Ciriaco, Largo and Smaragdo, Saints(CIRIACO, LARGO E SMARAGDO, SANTI)Vol. III, p. 997 CIRIACO, LARGO e SMARAGDO, santi. - At the seventh milestone of the Via Ostiense. In the Depositio Martyrum (v.) on August 8th, the entry records Ostiense VII…
Ciriaco, Patriarch of Constantinople(CIRIACO, PATRIARCA DI COSTANTINOPOLI)Vol. III, p. 997 CIRIACO, patriarch of COSTANTINOPOLI. - He was elected to this see in 595 under the emperor Maurizio. Continuing the tradition of his predecessor Giovanni IV…
Ciriaco, VirapetziVol. III, p. 997 CIRIACO, VIRAPETZI: v. KIRAKOS VIRAPETZI.
Ciro, Katholikós(CIRIO, KATHOLIKÓS)Vol. III, p. 1007 CIRIO, KATHOLIKÓS: v. KURION KATHOLICÓS. CIRO, Greek Monophysite patriarch of ALEXANDRIA. — He lived at the beginning of the 7th century and died in Alexandria…
Cis (Heb. Qif)(CIS (EBR. QIF))Vol. III, p. 1008 CIS (Hebr. Qif). — Name of several biblical figures, the best known among them being the father of Saul (v.) of the tribe of Benjamin, who lived in Gibeah. In…
Ciseri, AntonioVol. III, p. 1008 CISERI, ANTONIO. - Painter, b. at Ronco in the canton of Ticino in 1821, d. at Florence in 1891. A pupil of Bezzuoli in Florence, whither he had moved in 1833,…
Cisneros, FranciscoVol. III, p. 1008 CISNEROS, FRANCISCO: v. XIMÉNEZ FRANCISCO de CISNEROS.
Cisneros, García deVol. III, p. 1008 CISNEROS, GARCÍA de. - Spanish Benedictine monk, born at Cisneros (León) in the second half of the 15th century. He was a cousin of the great Cardinal…
Cison (Heb. Qîšōn, "Tortuous")(CISON (EBR. QĪŠŌN, « TORTUOSO »))Vol. III, p. 1009 CISON (Hebr. Qīšōn, “winding”). - Biblical name of the torrent that rolled in its muddy whirlpools the corpses of Sisera’s army, defeated by the troops of…
CissaVol. III, p. 1009 CISSA. – This small city of Istria, situated on an island a short distance from the present-day city of Rovigno, was the seat of a purple-dye manufactory…
Cistercians (Order of Cîteaux)(CISTERCENSI (SACRO ORDINE CISTERCENSE))Vol. III, p. 1009 CISTERCIANS (SACRED CISTERCIAN ORDER). — This name derives from Cistercium (Citeaux), where on 22 March 1098 St. Roberto (v.), abbot of Molesme (1075–98),…
Citadella Vigodarzere, Andrea(CITTADELLA VIGODÄRZERE, ANDREA)Vol. III, p. 1018 CITTADELLA VIGODÄRZERE, ANDREA. - Born on 15 July 1804 in Treviso, died on 19 March 1870 in Firenze, he devoted himself to legal studies. He became acquainted…
Citation(CITAZIONE)Vol. III, p. 1016 CITATION. — In canonical procedure, citation, unlike what generally occurs in civil procedural systems (where one party often cites the other), is an order of…
Cittadella, AlfonsoVol. III, p. 1018 CITTADELLA, ALFONSO : v. LOMBARDI, FAMIGLIA.
Cittanova D'istriaVol. III, p. 1019 CITTANOVA d'ISTRIA. - A locality on the Istrian coast which arose on the site of an ancient Emonia; hence, from the Middle Ages onward, the bishopric also took…
Cittanova Dell'estuarioVol. III, p. 1019 CITTANOVA dell'ESTUARIO. – It is one of the smallest cities founded, according to Venetian traditions, when the inhabitants of Opitergium were forced to seek…
City of Life(CITTÀ DI VITA)Vol. III, p. 1019 CITTÀ DI VITA. – Bimonthly journal of religious studies and theological culture for laypeople, founded in Florence in 1946. The organ of the theological…
City of the Boys(CITTÀ DEI RAGAZZI)Vol. III, p. 1018 CITTÀ DEI RAGAZZI : v. RAGAZZI, CITTÀ DEI.
Ciudad Bolívar, Diocese of(CIUDAD BOLÍVAR, DIOCESI DI)Vol. III, p. 1019 CIUDAD BOLÍVAR, DIOCESI di: v. GUAYANA, DIOCESI di.
Ciudad de Dios, LaVol. III, p. 1019 CIUDAD DE DIOS, LA. - A journal of ecclesiastical culture published by the Augustinian Hermits of Spain. Begun in Jan. 1881 under the title Revista…
Ciudad Rodrigo, Diocese of(CIUDAD RODRIGO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. III, p. 1019 CIUDAD RODRIGO, DIOCESI di. — A city of Spain, in the province of Salamanca and a suffragan diocese of Valladolid. It borders the diocese of Salamanca to the…
Ciudad Trujillo, Archdiocese of(CIUDAD TRUJILLO, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. III, p. 1019 CIUDAD TRUJILLO, ARCIDIOCESI di: v. SANTO DOMINGO, CIUDAD TRUJILLO, ARCIDIOCESI di.
Ciudad Victoria, Diocese of(CIUDAD VICTORIA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. III, p. 1019 CIUDAD VICTORIA, DIOCESI di: v. TAMAULIPAS, DIOCESI di.
Ciudadela, Diocese of(CIUDADELA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. III, p. 1019 CIUDADELA, DIOCESI di: v. MINORCA, DIOCESI di.
Ciuffagni, Bernardo di Piero di BartolomeoVol. III, p. 1019 CIUFFAGNI, BERNARDO di PIERO DI BARTOLOMEO. - Sculptor, born in Firenze in 1381, died there in 1457. An assistant to Ghiberti on the second door of the…
Cividale Del FriuliVol. III, p. 1020 CIVIDALE DEL FRIULI. – Roman remains and, in particular, inscriptions (which do not seem to have been transported from elsewhere) speak of a community under…
Civil Constitution of the Clergy(COSTITUZIONE CIVILE DEL CLERO)Vol. IV, p. 461 COSTITUZIONE CIVILE DEL CLERO: v. RIVOLUZIONE FRANCESE.
Civil Marriage(MATRIMONIO CIVILE)Vol. VIII, p. 296 CIVIL MARRIAGE. — 1. Definition and various types. — Civil marriage is that contracted before the civil official and in accordance with civil law. After the…
Civilization(CIVILTÀ)Vol. III, p. 1021 BIBL.: G. Fogolari, C. del Friuli, Bergamo 1906; A. Santangelo, C. (Catalogo delle cose d'arte e d'antichità d'Italia), Roma 1936 (con bibl.); C. Cecchelli, I…
Civilization(CIVILTÀ)Vol. III, p. 1021 CIVILTÀ. — The idea of c. refers to an object so complex, in whose composition so many disparate elements of different natures concur, that the existence of…
Civita Castellana, Orte e Gallese, Diocese of(CIVITA CASTELLANA, ORTE E GALLESE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. III, p. 1025 CIVITA CASTELLANA, ORTE AND GALLESE, DIOCESE OF. — In Latium, in the province of Viterbo, immediately subject to the Holy See. The three united dioceses each…
Civitale(CIVITALI)Vol. III, p. 1026 CIVITALI. — Family of artists. MATTEO, sculptor and architect, b. in Lucca on 5 June 1436; d. there on 12 October 1501. He completed his apprenticeship in…
Civitanova MarcheVol. III, p. 1026 CIVITANOVA MARCHE. – The earliest Christian memories, like those of the episcopal see of ancient Cluentum, are not yet clear. To this vicus, probably situated…
CivitavecchiaVol. III, p. 1026 CIVITAVECCHIA. — The Roman Centumcellae, where Trajan, around A.D. 106, created an artificial harbor, alternately garrisoned by detachments of the Misenate and…
Cîteaux (Cistercium), Abbey of(CÌTEAUX (CISTERCIUM), ABBAZIA DI)Vol. III, p. 1017 CÌTEAUX (Cistercium), ABBEY of. — Also called New Monastery, perhaps in contrast to Molesme, it was founded by St. Roberto (v.), abbot of Molesme. Desiring a…
