CIBO, FAMIGLIA. — Noble Genoese family. It began to attract notice in the first half of the 15th century with ARANO C., who served the Aragonese of Naples and was a senator in Rome (1455). His son GIOVANNI BATTISTA became pope in 1484 Innocenzo VIII (v.).
MAURIZIO, the Pope’s brother (d. September 1490), played no significant part in the government of the State and lived modestly. Of the children Innocenzo VIII had before entering the Orders, TEODORINA married the Genoese Gherardo Usodimare; FRANCESCHETTO married Maddalena, daughter of Lorenzo de’ Medici, thus entering the sphere of Medici politics.
The name C. was also assumed by LORENZO DE’ MARI, son of Domenico, a relative of Pope Innocenzo, who received the archbishopric of Benevento on 5 December 1485 and was castellan of Castel S. Angelo. Created cardinal on 9 March 1498, he played some part in the events of those years. He died on 21 December 1503.
LORENZO, son of Franceschetto, was commander-in-chief of the Papal States; b. at Sampierdarena on 24 July 1500, d. at Pisa on 14 March 1549. He remained for some time at the court of France with Francesco I; then, having come to Rome, he was appointed governor of Spoleto by Clemente VII in 1524. In 1528 he was named captain of the guard of the Apostolic Palace and, two years later, commander-in-chief of the Papal States (Pastor, III, passim). His marriage (1515) to Ricciarda Malaspina, heiress to the principality of Massa, resulted in the family continuing under the name C.-Malaspina, and their son Alberico I received the investiture of the duchy from Carlo V in 1554.
INNOCENZO, Lorenzo’s brother, was a cardinal; b. at Florence on 25 August 1491, d. at Rome on 14 April 1550. An apostolic protonotary, on 23 September 1513, at the age of twenty-two, he was created cardinal of SS. Cosma and Damiano by his uncle, Leone X. In 1516 he received the administration of the church of Turin, which he exchanged on 11 May 1517 for that of Marseille, retaining it until 1530. Meanwhile, on 11 March 1520, he received the archbishopric of Genoa, which he retained until his death; he temporarily administered the sees of S. Andrea in Scotland (1513), Aleria in Corsica (1518–20), Mariana, also in Corsica (1531), Tropea (1538), and Messina (1538–50). On 8 December 1515 he accompanied Leone X to Bologna, where the latter was going to meet Francesco I, the victor of Marignano. During the war undertaken by the Pope to recover Parma and Piacenza, he lent Leone X 35,000 ducats, receiving in guarantee the office of camerlengo, which he was nevertheless able to retain for only two months. After Leone X’s death, he became highly influential at the court of Clemente VII, who entrusted him, on 11 January 1524, with the legation of Bologna and Romagna.
During the sack of Rome and Clemente VII’s captivity, having remained at liberty, he succeeded in keeping many cities obedient to the Pope and pledged himself, together with the cardinals assembled at Piacenza, not to transfer the Apostolic See to Avignon. He accompanied Clemente VII to Bologna in 1529, when the latter met the emperor Carlo V and crowned him emperor (24 February 1530). After the assassination of Duke Alessandro de’ Medici, he governed Florence until the arrival of Duke Cosimo I. The latter tactfully managed to set him aside; nevertheless, in 1538 he sent him to the truce of Nice. He disagreed with Paolo III and thought that he might succeed him, but his efforts in 1549 were fruitless. In any event, he lived as though he had nothing ecclesiastical about him and is regarded as one of the most worldly cardinals of that age (Pastor, IV, passim).
Members of the C. family are again found in the higher ecclesiastical hierarchy in the 17th century, with ALDERANO, cardinal, b. at Genoa on 16 July 1613, d. at Rome on 22 July 1700. Son of Carlo, duke of Massa and Carrara, and Brigida of the marquises of Spinola, he embraced the ecclesiastical career in Rome at a very young age under Pope Urbano VIII. He was appointed majordomo in 1644 and then, on 6 March 1645, was created by Innocenzo X, at the age of thirty-two, cardinal of the title of S. Pudentiana. He was legate of Urbino (1646), Ravenna (1648), and Ferrara (1659), where he greatly promoted letters and the arts and strove to exterminate the brigands infesting those regions. He was a member of the principal Roman congregations and, on 24 April 1656, was appointed bishop of Iesi by Alessandro VII; two years later he held a synod there, the acts of which were subsequently printed. He later received the bishoprics of Palestrina (6 February 1680), Porto, and finally that of Ostia on 10 November 1687. In 1698 he convened a synod at Velletri. Innocenzo IX, immediately after assuming the pontificate in 1676, wished C. to be his Secretary of State; he thus became closely involved in all the events of those years, particularly the war against the Turks, which culminated in the liberation of Vienna in 1682, and the resistance against Luigi XIV and his ambassador, the marquis de Lavardin, concerning the excessive rights of exemption in his quarter of Rome. Pier Matteo Petrucci dedicated to him the book: Contemplatione mistica acquistata, printed in 1681 and tainted with the errors of Molinos; it was C. who promoted Petrucci’s appointment as bishop of Iesi and consecrated him. But on 15 February 1687 C. signed the circular addressed to the bishops of Italy against Molinos, and on 17 December 1687 Petrucci himself retracted before C. the errors he shared with Molinos. C. was also a highly learned man and patronized artists and men of letters. He undertook restoration works in churches; in particular, he built a sumptuous chapel in S. Maria del Popolo in Rome, which he had adorned with splendid marble under the direction of Carlo Fontana and had painted by Carlo Maratta.
(from the phototype reproduction prepared by Pio Franchi de' Carattini, Turin 1867)
CIBORIO - Detail of the miniature depicting the killing of the high priest Zechariah. The artist represented the Jewish altar as an altar of his own time. Menologio of Basilio II (976-1026) - Vatican Library, cod. Vat. grec. 1613 fol. 14.
of Fr. Oliva, S.J., to Cardinal C. concerning nepotism (1676), in Rivista di storia della Chiesa in Italia, 2 (1948), p. 262.
CAMILLO, son of Alberico III, duke of Massa and Carrara, b. 25 Apr. 1681; upon the death of his father (1715), he renounced his rights to the duchy in favor of his brother Alderano III, in order to continue the ecclesiastical career he had begun as a cleric of the Apostolic Camera (1705), then as an auditor. In 1718 he became patriarch of Jerusalem, and in 1725 majordomo to Benedict XIII; he resisted Coscia’s encroachments. He was created cardinal of S. Stefano al Celio on 23 March 1729. He died on 12–13 Jan. 1743 (G. De Novaes, Elementi della storia dei sommi pontefici, XIII, Rome 1822, p. 149). His niece MARIA TERESA, the last descendant of the family, transferred the principality of Massa to the Este family in 1741 by marrying Ercole Raimondo, son of Francesco III, duke of Modena. - Vedi Tav. XCVIII.