CIBO, FAMILY. - Noble Genoese family. It began to attract notice in the first half of the 15th century with ARANO C., who was in the service of the Aragonese of Naples and a senator in Rome (1455). His son GIOVANNI BATTISTA became pope in 1484 under the name Innocent VIII (v.).
MAURIZIO, the Pope's brother (d. in Sept. 1490), took no significant part in the government of the State and lived modestly. Of the children whom Innocent VIII had before entering Orders, TEODORINA was married to the Genoese Gherardo Usodimare; FRANCESCHETTO married Maddalena, daughter of Lorenzo de' Medici, thereby entering the field of Medicean politics.
LORENZO DE' MARI, son of Domenico, a relative of Pope Innocent, also assumed the name of the C., who obtained the archbishopric of Benevento on 5 Dec. 1485 and was castellan of Castel S. Angelo. Created cardinal on 9 March 1498, he had some part in the events of those years. He died on 21 Dec. 1503.
LORENZO, son of Franceschetto, was commander-general of the Papal State, b. at Sampierdarena on 24 July 1500, d. at Pisa on 14 March 1549. He remained for some time at the court of France with Francis I, then, having come to Rome, was appointed governor of Spoleto in 1524 by Clement VII. In 1528 he was named captain of the guard of the Apostolic Palace and, two years later, commander-general of the Papal State (Pastor, III, passim). His marriage (1515) to Ricciarda Malaspina, heiress of the principality of Massa, had as its consequence that the family continued under the name of C.-Malaspina, and their son Alberico I received the investiture of the duchy from Charles V in 1554.
INNOCENZO, brother of Lorenzo, was a cardinal; b. at Florence on 25 Aug. 1491, d. at Rome on 14 Apr. 1550. Apostolic protonotary, on 23 Sept. 1513, at the age of 22, he was created cardinal of Sts. Cosmas and Damian by Leo X, his uncle. In 1516 he held in administration the church of Turin, which he exchanged, on 11 May 1517, for that of Marseilles, and held it until 1530. Meanwhile, on 11 March 1520, he received the archbishopric of Genoa, which he kept until his death; he held in temporary administration the sees of St. Andrew in Scotland (1513), of Aleria in Corsica (1518-20), of Mariana also in Corsica (1531), of Tropea (1538), of Messina (1538-50). On 8 Dec. 1515 he accompanied Leo X to Bologna, where the Pope was going to meet Francis I, victor of Marignano. During the war undertaken by the Pope for the recovery of Parma and Piacenza, he lent Leo X 35,000 ducats, receiving as security the chamberlainship, which he was able, however, to keep for only two months. After the death of Leo X, he became very influential at the court of Clement VII, and on 11 Jan. 1524 the legation of Bologna and Romagna was entrusted to him.
During the sack of Rome and the imprisonment of Clement VII, having remained free, he succeeded in keeping many cities in obedience to the Pope and pledged himself with the cardinals assembled at Piacenza not to transfer the Apostolic See to Avignon. He accompanied Clement VII to Bologna in 1529, when the latter met with the Emperor Charles V and crowned him emperor (24 Feb. 1530). After the murder of Duke Alessandro de' Medici he governed Florence until the arrival of Duke Cosimo I. The latter knew how to set him aside courteously, yet sent him in 1538 to the truce of Nice. With Paul III he was in disagreement, and thought he might succeed him, but his efforts in 1549 were vain. Moreover, he lived as if he had nothing of the ecclesiastic about him and passes as one of the most worldly cardinals of that age (Pastor, IV, passim).
Members of the C. family are found again in the high ecclesiastical hierarchy in the 17th century with ALDERANO, cardinal, b. at Genoa on 16 July 1613, d. at Rome on 22 July 1700. Son of Carlo, duke of Massa and Carrara, and of Brigida of the marquises of Spinola, he embraced the ecclesiastical career at Rome, while very young, under Pope Urban VIII. He was named majordomo in 1644, then, on 6 March 1645, was created cardinal of the title of St. Pudentiana by Innocent X, at the age of thirty-two. He was legate of Urbino (1646), of Ravenna (1648) and of Ferrara (1659), where he greatly promoted letters and the arts, and struggled to try to exterminate the brigands who infested those regions. He was a member of the principal Roman congregations, and on 24 Apr. 1656 he was named bishop of Iesi by Alexander VII, where two years later he celebrated a synod whose acts were afterwards printed. He subsequently held the bishoprics of Palestrina (6 Feb. 1680), Porto, and finally that of Ostia on 10 Nov. 1687. In 1698 he assembled a synod at Velletri. Innocent IX, as soon as he assumed the pontificate in 1676, wanted C. as his secretary of State; the latter thus found himself bound up with all the events of those years, particularly with the war against the Turk which culminated in 1682 with the liberation of Vienna, and with the resistance against Louis XIV and his ambassador the Marquis of Lavardin concerning the exaggerated rights of franchise in his quarter of Rome. By Pier Matteo Petrucci was dedicated to him the book: Contemplatione mistica acquistata, printed in 1681 and tainted with the errors of Molinos; it was C. who promoted the appointment of Petrucci as bishop of Iesi and consecrated him. But on 15 Feb. 1687 C. signed the circular to the bishops of Italy against Molinos, and on 17 Dec. 1687 Petrucci himself retracted before C. the errors that he had in common with Molinos himself. C. was moreover a most learned man and protected artists and men of letters. Works of restoration in the churches are owed to him; in particular he built a sumptuous chapel at S. Maria del Popolo in Rome, which he had adorned with splendid marbles under the direction of Carlo Fontana and had painted by Carlo Maratta.
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CAMILLO, son of Alberico III, duke of Massa and Carrara, b. 25 April 1681, on his father's death (1715) renounced his rights to the duchy in favor of his brother Alderano III, in order to continue in the ecclesiastical career that he had begun as cleric of the Camera (1705) and then as auditor. In 1718 he was patriarch of Jerusalem, majordomo of Benedict XIII in 1725, and he resisted the intrusiveness of Coscia. He was created cardinal of S. Stefano al Celio on 23 March 1729. He died on 12-13 Jan. 1743 (G. De Novaes, Elementi della storia dei sommi pontefici, XIII, Rome 1822, p. 149). His niece MARIA TERESA, the last descendant of the house, transmitted the principality of Massa to the house of Este in 1741, by marrying Ercole Raimondo, son of Francesco III, duke of Modena. - See Pl. XCVIII.
