The Ammonites, Moabites, and Syrians combine against Josaphat: he seeketh God’s help by public prayer and fasting. A prophet foretelleth that God will fight for his people: the enemies destroy one another. Josaphat with his men gathereth the spoils. He reigneth in peace, but his navy perisheth, for his society with wicked Ochozias.
The Ammonites, Moabites, and Syrians ioynning forces agaynst Iosaphat, 3. he seeketh Gods helpe by publique prayer and fasting. 14. A Prophet fortelleth that God wil fight for them: 20. so they singing praises to God, the enemies kil ech other. 24. Iosaphat with his men gather verie great spoiles. 30. reigneth in peace, 35. but his nauie perisheth, for his societee with wicked Ochozias.
1After this the children of Moab, and the children of Ammon, and with them of the Ammonites, were gathered together to fight against Josaphat.Dopo queste cose si raunarono i figliuoli di Moab, e i figliuoli di Ammon, e con essi erano degli Ammoniti per muover guerra contro Josaphat.AFTER these thinges were the children of Moab gathered together, and the children of Ammon, and with them of the Ammonites, to fight agaynst IosaphatPost hæc congregati sunt filii Moab et filii Ammon, et cum eis de Ammonitis, ad Josaphat, ut pugnarent contra eum. 2And there came messengers, and told Josaphat, saying: There cometh a great multitude against thee from beyond the sea, and out of Syria, and behold they are in Asasonthamar, which is Engaddi.E furono spediti messi a dire a Josaphat: Una gran turba di gente si è mossa contro di te da paesi di là dal mare, e dalla Siria; ed ora sono a campo in Asason-thamar, che è Engaddi.And there came messengers, and told Iosaphat, saying: There cometh agaynst thee a great multitude from those places, which are beyond the sea, and out of Syria, and behold they stay in Asasonthamar, which is Engaddi.Veneruntque nuntii, et indicaverunt Josaphat, dicentes: Venit contra te multitudo magna de his locis quæ trans mare sunt, et de Syria: et ecce consistunt in Asasonthamar, quæ est Engaddi. 3And Josaphat being seized with fear betook himself wholly to pray to the Lord, and he proclaimed a fast for all Juda.E Josaphat pieno di spavento si rivolse tutto a pregare il Signore, e intimò il digiuno a tutto il popolo di Giuda.And Iosaphar being frighted with feare, he tooke him wholy to besech ou• Lord, and he proclamed a fast to al Iuda.Josaphat autem timore perterritus, totum se contulit ad rogandum Dominum, et prædicavit jejunium universo Juda. 4And Juda gathered themselves together to pray to the Lord: and all came out of their cities to make supplication to him.E si adunò il popol di Giuda per invocare il Signore; e tutte le genti vennero dalle loro città a porgergli suppliche.And Iudas was gathered together to pray to our Lord: yea and al came out of their cities to besech him.Congregatusque est Judas ad deprecandum Dominum: sed et omnes de urbibus suis venerunt ad obsecrandum eum. 5And Josaphat stood in the midst of the assembly of Juda, and Jerusalem, in the house of the Lord before the new court,E alzatosi Josaphat nel mezzo dell'adunanza di Giuda, e di Gerusalemme nella casa del Signore dinanzi al nuovo atrio,And when Iosaphat stood in the middes of the assemblie of Iuda, and Ierusalem in the house of our Lord before the new court,Cumque stetisset Josaphat in medio cœtu Juda et Jerusalem, in domo Domini ante atrium novum, 6And said: O Lord God of our fathers, thou art God in heaven, and rulest over all the kingdoms and nations, in thy hand is strength and power, and no one can resist thee.Disse: Signore Dio de' padri nostri, tu se' il Dio del cielo, e sei il padrone di tutti i regni delle nazioni: nelle mani tue è la fortezza, e la possanza, e nissuno può resistere a te.he sayd: Lord God of our fathers, thou art God in heauen, and rulest ouer al the kingdomes of Nations, in thy hand is strength and might, neither can anie man resist thee.ait: Domine Deus patrum nostrorum, tu es Deus in cælo, et dominaris cunctis regnis gentium: in manu tua est fortitudo et potentia, nec quisquam tibi potest resistere.
7Didst not thou our God kill all the inhabitants of this land before thy people Israel, and gavest it to the seed of Abraham thy friend for ever?Non se' tu quegli, o Signor nostro, che uccidesti tutti gli abitanti di questa terra all'arrivo d'Israele tuo popolo, e la assegnasti alla stirpe d'Abramo amico tuo in perpetuo?Didst not thou our God kil al the inhabitantes of this land before thy people Israel, and gauest it to the seed of Abraham thy frend for euer?Nonne tu, Deus noster, interfecisti omnes habitatores terræ hujus coram populo tuo Israël, et dedisti eam semini Abraham amici tui in sempiternum ? 8And they dwelt in it, and built in it a sanctuary to thy name, saying:E la hanno abitata, e ci hanno eretto un Santuario al nome tuo, e han detto:And they dwelt in it, & built in it a Sanctuarie to thy name, saying:Habitaveruntque in ea, et exstruxerunt in illa sanctuarium nomini tuo, dicentes: 9If evils fall upon us, the sword of judgment, or pestilence, or famine, we will stand in thy presence before this house, in which thy name is called upon: and we will cry to thee in our afflictions, and thou wilt hear, and save us.Se verranno sciagure sopra di noi, spada vendicatrice, o pestilenza, o carestia, noi ci presenteremo al tuo cospetto dinanzi a questa casa, la quale porta il tuo nome: e nelle nostre tribolazioni alzeremo le grida a te, e tu ci esaudirai, e ci salverai.If euils fal vpon vs, the sword of iudgement, pestilence, & famine, we wil stand before this house in thy sight, wherein thy name is inuocated: & we wil crie to thee in our tribulations, and thou shalt heare, and saue vs.Si irruerint super nos mala, gladius judicii, pestilentia, et fames, stabimus coram domo hac in conspectu tuo, in qua invocatum est nomen tuum: et clamabimus ad te in tribulationibus nostris, et exaudies, salvosque facies. 10Now therefore behold the children of Ammon, and of Moab, and mount Seir, through whose lands thou didst not allow Israel to pass, when they came out of Egypt, but they turned aside from them, and slew them not,Ecco adunque che adesso i figliuolini di Ammon, e di Moab, e le montagne di Seir, sulle terre de' quali non permettesti, che passasse Israele, quando usciva dall'Egitto, ed egli lasciolli da parte, e non gli uccise;Now therfore behold the children of Ammon, and mount Seir, by whom thou didst not grant Israel to passe, when they came out of Aegypt, but they declined from them, & slew them not:Nunc igitur, ecce filii Ammon, et Moab, et mons Seir, per quos non concessisti Israël ut transirent quando egrediebantur de Ægypto, sed declinaverunt ab eis, et non interfecerunt illos, 11Do the contrary, and endeavour to cast us out of the possession which thou hast delivered to us.Eglino pel contrario tentano, e fanno ogni sforzo per cacciar noi dal paese, di cui tu desti a noi il possesso.doe the contrarie, and endeuoure to cast vs out of the possession, which thou hast deliuired to vs.e contrario agunt, et nituntur ejicere nos de possessione quam tradidisti nobis.
12O our God, wilt thou not then judge them? as for us we have not strength enough, to be able to resist this multitude, which cometh violently upon us. But as we know not what to do, we can only turn our eyes to thee.Dio nostro, dunque tu non farai giudizio di costoro? Imperocché non è noi tal fortezza, che possiam resistere a questa moltitudine, che ci assalisce. Ma non sapendo quel, che abbiamo da fare, questo solo ci rimane di volgere a te gli occhi nostri.Our God, wilt not thou therfore iudge them? In vs in deed there is not so great strength, that we can resist this multitude, which cometh violently vpon vs. But whereas we are ignorant what we ought to doe, this onlie we haue leaft, that we direct our eies to thee.Deus noster, ergo non judicabis eos ? in nobis quidem non est tanta fortitudo, ut possimus huic multitudini resistere, quæ irruit super nos. Sed cum ignoremus quid agere debeamus, hoc solum habemus residui, ut oculos nostros dirigamus ad te. 13And all Juda stood before the Lord with their little ones, and their wives, and their children.E tutto Giuda era dinanzi al Signore co' piccoli bambini, e colle mogli e co' figliuoli.And al Iuda stood before our Lord with their litle ones, and wiues, and their children.Omnis vero Juda stabat coram Domino cum parvulis, et uxoribus, et liberis suis. 14And Jahaziel the son of Zacharias, the son of Banaias, the son of Jehiel, the son of Mathanias, a Levite of the sons of Asaph, was there, upon whom the spirit of the Lord came in the midst of the multitude,Ed eravi Jahaziel figliuolo di Zacharia, figliuolo di Banaia, figliuolo di Jehiel, figliuolo di Mathania, Levita, della famiglia di Asaph, ed entrò lo Spirito del Signore in lui, che stava in mezzo alla folla.And there was Iahaziel the sonne of Zacharias, the sonne of Banaias, the sonne of Iehiel, the sonne of Mathanias, a Leuite of the children of Asaph, vpon whom the spirit of our Lord came in the middes of the multitude,Erat autem Jahaziel filius Zachariæ filii Banaiæ filii Jehiel filii Mathaniæ, Levites de filiis Asaph, super quem factus est spiritus Domini, in medio turbæ, 15And he said: Attend ye, all Juda, and you that dwell in Jerusalem, and thou king Josaphat: Thus saith the Lord to you: Fear ye not, and be not dismayed at this multitude: for the battle is not yours, but God’s.Ed egli disse: Ponete mente tu, o Giuda, e voi, abitanti di Gerusalemme, e tu, re Josaphat: Queste cose dice a voi il Signore: Non vi spaurite, e non temete quella moltitudine: perocché non è vostra la pugna, ma di Dio.and he sayd: Attend ye al Iuda, and you that dwel in Ierusalem, and thou king Iosaphat: thus sayth our Lord to you: Feare not, neither dread ye this multitude: for it is not your battel, but Gods.et ait: Attendite, omnis Juda, et qui habitatis Jerusalem, et tu, rex Josaphat: hæc dicit Dominus vobis: Nolite timere, nec paveatis hanc multitudinem: non est enim vestra pugna, sed Dei.
16To morrow you shall go down against them: for they will come up by the ascent named Sis, and you shall find them at the head of the torrent, which is over against the wilderness of Jeruel.Domane andrete contro di essi: perocchè saliranno al colle chiamato Sis, e li troverete all'estremità del torrente, che corre dirimpetto al deserto di Jeruel.To morrow you shal goe downe agaynst them: for they wil come vp by the steepe named Sis, and you shal find them in the vtmost part of the torrent, which is agaynst the wildernesse of Ieruel.Cras descendetis contra eos: ascensuri enim sunt per clivum nomine Sis, et invenietis illos in summitate torrentis qui est contra solitudinem Jeruel. 17It shall not be you that shall fight, but only stand with confidence, and you shall see the help of the Lord over you, O Juda, and Jerusalem: fear ye not, nor be you dismayed: to morrow you shall go out against them, and the Lord will be with you.A voi non toccherà il combattere, ma solo tenetevi fermi con fidanza, e vedrete il soccorso, che darà il Signore a voi, o Giuda, e o Gerusalemme: non vi spaurite, non temete: domani vi moverete contro di loro, e il Signore sarà con voi.It shal not be you that shal fight, but onlie stand confidently, and you shal see the helpe of our Lord ouer you, ô Iuda, and Ierusalem: feare not, neither dreade ye: to morrow you shal goe out agaynst them, and our Lord wil be with you.Non eritis vos qui dimicabitis, sed tantummodo confidenter state, et videbitis auxilium Domini super vos, o Juda et Jerusalem: nolite timere, nec paveatis: cras egrediemini contra eos, et Dominus erit vobiscum. 18Then Josaphat, and Juda, and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem fell flat on the ground before the Lord, and adored him.Allora Josaphat, e tutto Giuda, e tutti gli abitanti di Gerusalemme si prostraron bocconi per terra dinanzi al Signore, e lo adorarono.Iosaphat therfore, and Iuda, and al the inhabitantes of Ierusalem fel flat on the earth before our Lord, and adored him.Josaphat ergo, et Juda, et omnes habitatores Jerusalem ceciderunt proni in terram coram Domino, et adoraverunt eum. 19And the Levites of the sons of Caath, and of the sons of Core praised the Lord the God of Israel with a loud voice, on high.E i Leviti della stirpe di Caath, e della stirpe di Core davan laude al Signore Dio d'Israele con voce, che andava al cielo.Moreouer the Leuites of the children of Caath, and of the children of Core praysed our Lord the God of Israel with a lowd voice, on high.Porro Levitæ de filiis Caath et de filiis Core laudabant Dominum Deum Israël voce magna in excelsum.
20And they rose early in the morning, and went out through the desert of Thecua: and as they were marching, Josaphat standing in the midst of them, said: Hear me, ye men of Juda, and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem: believe in the Lord your God, and you shall be secure: believe his prophets, and all things shall succeed well.E la mattina seguente si mossero, e s'incamminarono pel deserto di Thecue: e mentre erano per istrada, Josaphat stando in piedi in mezzo di loro, disse: Udite me, uomini di Giuda, e abitanti di Gerusalemme: credete al Signore Dio vostro, e sarete senza timori: credete ai profeti di lui, e tutto anderà felicemente.And when they had risen earely in the morning, they went forth by the desert of Thecua: and they being gone forth, Iosaphat standing in the middes of them, sayd: Heare me ye men of Iuda, and al the inhabiters of Ierusalem: beleue in the Lord your God, and you shal be secure: beleue his prophetes, and al thinges shal fal out prosperous.Cumque mane surrexissent, egressi sunt per desertum Thecue: profectisque eis, stans Josaphat in medio eorum, dixit: Audite me, viri Juda, et omnes habitatores Jerusalem: credite in Domino Deo vestro, et securi eritis: credite prophetis ejus, et cuncta evenient prospera. 21And he gave counsel to the people, and appointed the singing men of the Lord, to praise him by their companies, and to go before the army, and with one voice to say: Give glory to the Lord, for his mercy endureth for ever.E diede i suoi avvertimenti al popolo, e scelse dei cantori del Signore, i quali divisi in ischiere cantassero le sue lodi, e precedessero l'esercito, e tutti a una voce dicessero: Date lode al Signore, perchè la sua misericordia è eterna.He gaue counsel also to the people, and appoynted the singing men of our Lord, that they should prayse him in their companies, and should goe before the host, and with agreable voice should say: Confesse to our Lord, because his mercie is foreuer.Deditque consilium populo, et statuit cantores Domini ut laudarent eum in turmis suis, et antecederent exercitum, ac voce consona dicerent: Confitemini Domino quoniam in æternum misericordia ejus. 22And when they began to sing praises, the Lord turned their ambushments upon themselves, that is to say, of the children of Ammon, and of Moab, and of mount Seir, who were come out to fight against Juda, and they were slain.E quand'eglino ebber dato principio al canto, il Signore rivolse contro di lor medesimi gli stratagemmi de' nemici, viene a dire de' figliuoli di Ammon, e di Moab, e di quelli del monte Seir, che erano andati per combattere contro Giuda, e rimasero sconfitti.And when they began to sing prayses, our Lord turned their embushementes vpon themselues, to witte, of the children of Ammon, and of Moab, and of mount Seir, who were gone forth to fight agaynst Iuda, and were striken.Cumque cœpissent laudes canere, vertit Dominus insidias eorum in semetipsos, filiorum scilicet Ammon, et Moab, et montis Seir, qui egressi fuerant ut pugnarent contra Judam: et percussi sunt. 23For the children of Ammon, and of Moab, rose up against the inhabitants of mount Seir, to kill and destroy them: and when they had made an end of them, they turned also against one another, and destroyed one another.Imperocché i figliuoli di Ammon, e di Moab assalirono gli abitanti del monte di Seir, e li trucidarono, e li distrussero: e fatto questo, venuti in rotta tra di loro, si uccisero gli uni gli altri.For the children of Ammon, and of Moab, rose together agaynst the inhabitantes of mount Seir, to kil and destroy them: and when they had in worke atcheued this, being turned also agaynst themselues, they fel wounded one of an other.Namque filii Ammon et Moab consurrexerunt adversum habitatores montis Seir, ut interficerent et delerent eos: cumque hoc opere perpetrassent, etiam in semetipsos versi, mutuis concidere vulneribus.
24And when Juda came to the watch tower, that looketh toward the desert, they saw afar off all the country, for a great space, full of dead bodies, and that no one was left that could escape death.E Giuda arrivato che fu alla vedetta che guarda il deserto, vide da lungi tutta la regione, quant'era spaziosa, piena di cadaveri, e non essere rimaso alcuno, che avesse fuggita la morte.Moreouer Iuda when they were come to the watch place, that looketh to the desert, saw a far of al the countrie abrode ful of dead bodies, and that none remayned aliue that could escape death.Porro Juda, cum venisset ad speculam quæ respicit solitudinem, vidit procul omnem late regionem plenam cadaveribus, nec superesse quemquam qui necem potuisset evadere. 25Then Josaphat came, and all the people with him to take away the spoils of the dead, and they found among the dead bodies, stuff of various kinds, and garments, and most precious vessels: and they took them for themselves, insomuch that they could not carry all, nor in three days take away the spoils, the booty was so great.Andò adunque Josaphat, e con lui tutto il popolo a prendere le spoglie dei morti: e trovarono tra i cadaveri varie suppellettili, e vesti, e vasi di grandissimo pregio, e li presero, e duraron fatica a portar via ogni cosa in tre dì, tanta fu la preda.Iosaphat therfore came, and al the people with him to take away the spoiles of the dead, and they found among the dead bodies, diuerse stuffe, garments also, and most pretious vessels: and they spoiled it, soe that they could not carie al thinges, nor in three dayes take a Way the spoiles for the greatnesse of the praye.Venit ergo Josaphat, et omnis populus cum eo, ad detrahenda spolia mortuorum: inveneruntque inter cadavera variam supellectilem, vestes quoque, et vasa pretiosissima, et diripuerunt ita ut omnia portare non possent, nec per tres dies spolia auferre præ prædæ magnitudine. 26And on the fourth day they were assembled in the valley of Blessing: for there they blessed the Lord, and therefore they called that place the valley of Blessing until this day.E il quarto giorno si raunarono nella Valle di Benedizione: imperocché atteso l'aver eglino quivi benedetto il Signore, diedero a quel luogo il nome di valle di Benedizione, che dura anche in oggi.And in the fourth day they were assembled in the Vale of blessing: for because there they had blessed our Lord, they called that place the Vale of blessing vntil this present day.Die autem quarto congregati sunt in Valle benedictionis: etenim quoniam ibi benedixerant Domino, vocaverunt locum illum Vallis benedictionis usque in præsentem diem. 27And every man of Juda, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem returned, and Josaphat at their head, into Jerusalem with great joy, because the Lord had made them rejoice over their enemies.E tutta la gente di Giuda, e gli abitanti di Gerusalemme se ne tornarono a Gerusalemme, preceduti da Josaphat, con gran letizia, perchè il Signore avea dato loro di trionfar de' loro nemici.And euerie man of Iuda returned, and the inhabitantes of Ierusalem, and Iosaphat before them into Ierusalem with great ioy, because our Lord had geuen them ioy of their enemies.Reversusque est omnis vir Juda, et habitatores Jerusalem, et Josaphat ante eos, in Jerusalem cum lætitia magna, eo quod dedisset eis Dominus gaudium de inimicis suis.
28And they came into Jerusalem with psalteries, and harps, and trumpets into the house of the Lord.Ed entrarono in Gerusalemme, e nella casa del Signore al suono de' salteri, e delle cetre, e delle trombe.And they entered into Ierusalem with psalteries, and harpes, and trumpettes into the house of our Lord.Ingressique sunt in Jerusalem cum psalteriis, et citharis, et tubis in domum Domini. 29And the fear of the Lord fell upon all the kingdoms of the lands when they heard that the Lord had fought against the enemies of Israel.E sopra tutti i regni circonvicini si sparse il timor del Signore, avendo udito in qual modo il Signore avea combattuto contro i nemici d'Israele.And the dread of our Lord fel vpon al the kingdomes of the landes when they heard that our Lord had fought agaynst the enemies of Israel.Irruit autem pavor Domini super universa regna terrarum cum audissent quod pugnasset Dominus contra inimicos Israël. 30And the kingdom of Josaphat was quiet, and God gave him peace round about.E il regno di Josaphat fu in pace, e il Signore gli diede tranquillità da tutte parti.And the kidgdom of Iosaphat was quiet and God gaue him peace round about.Quievitque regnum Josaphat, et præbuit ei Deus pacem per circuitum. 31And Josaphat reigned over Juda, and he was five and thirty years old, when he began to reign: and he reigned five and twenty years in Jerusalem: and the name of his mother was Azuba the daughter of Selahi.Josaphat adunque regnò sopra Giuda, e avea trentacinque anni quando principiò a regnare: e regnò anni venticinque in Gerusalemme; e sua madre avea nome Azuba figliuola di Selahi.Iosaphat therfore reigned ouer Iuda, and he was fiue and thirtie yeares old when he begane to reigne: and he reigned fiue and twentie yeares in Ierusalem: and the name of his mother was Azuba the daughter of Selahi.Regnavit igitur Josaphat super Judam, et erat triginta quinque annorum cum regnare cœpisset: viginti autem et quinque annis regnavit in Jerusalem, et nomen matris ejus Azuba filia Selahi. 32And he walked in the way of his father Asa and departed not from it, doing the things that were pleasing before the Lord.E imitò il padre suo Asa, né in veruna cosa tralignò da lui, facendo quello, che era accetto nel cospetto del Signore.And he walked in the way of his father Asa, neither declined he from it, doing the thinges that were pleasing before our Lord.Et ambulavit in via patris suis Asa, nec declinavit ab ea, faciens quæ placita erant coram Domino. 33But yet he took not away the high places, and the people had not yet turned their heart to the Lord the God of their fathers.Egli però non tolse via i luoghi eccelsi, e il popolo non aveva ancora rivolto il cuor suo al Signore Dio de' padri loro.But yet the excelses he tooke not away, and as yet the people had not directed their hart to our Lord the God of their fathers.Verumtamen excelsa non abstulit, et adhuc populus non direxerat cor suum ad Dominum Deum patrum suorum.
34But the rest of the acts of Josaphat, first and last, are written in the words of Jehu the son of Hanani, which he digested into the books of the kings of Israel.Il rimanente poi delle geste di Josaphat, le prime, e le ultime sono scritte nel libro di Jehu figliuolo di Hanani, il quale le espose nei libri dei re d'Israele.But the rest of the actes of Iosaphat, the first and the last are writen in the wordes of Iehu the sonne of Hanani, which he disposed into the Bookes of the kinges of Israel.Reliqua autem gestorum Josaphat priorum et novissimorum scripta sunt in verbis Jehu filii Hanani, quæ digessit in libros regum Israël. 35After these things Josaphat king of Juda made friendship with Ochozias king of Israel, whose works were very wicked.Dopo di ciò Josaphat re di Giuda fece amicizia con Ochozia re d'Israele, le opere del quale furono empie al sommo.After these thinges Iosaphat the king of Iuda entered frendshipe with Ochozias the king of Israel, whose workes were most impious.Post hæc iniit amicitias Josaphat rex Juda cum Ochozia rege Israël, cujus opera fuerunt impiissima. 36And he was partner with him in making ships, to go to Tharsis: and they made the ships in Asiongaber.E si unì con lui a fare delle navi, che facessero il viaggio di Tharsis: e fecero un'armata navale in Asion-gaber.And he was partaker to make shippes, which should goe into Tharsis: and they made a nauie in Asiongaber.Et particeps fuit ut facerent naves quæ irent in Tharsis: feceruntque classem in Asiongaber. 37And Eliezer the son of Dodau of Maresa prophesied to Josaphat, saying: Because thou hast made a league with Ochozias, the Lord hath destroyed thy works, and the ships are broken, and they could not go to Tharsis.Ma Eliezer figliuolo di Dodau di Maresa profetizzò, e disse a Josaphat: Perchè tu hai fatto lega con Ochozia, il Signore ha rovinati i tuoi disegni. E le navi andarono in pezzi, e non poterono fare il viaggio di Tharsis.And Eliezer the sonne of Dodau of Maresa prophecied to Iosaphat, saying: Because thou hast had a league with Ochozias, our Lord hath strooken thy workes, and the shippes are broken, neither could they goe into Tharsis.Prophetavit autem Eliezer filius Dodau de Maresa ad Josaphat, dicens: Quia habuisti fœdus cum Ochozia, percussit Dominus opera tua, contritæque sunt naves, nec potuerunt ire in Tharsis.
20:1
Year of the World 3108, Year before Christ 896.
Haydock
Of the Ammonites; people sprung from them. Those who explain the Psalm lxxxii. of this war, find many nations mentioned. Some of these, not daring to appear openly, assumed the name of Ammonites. Perhaps we should read (Calmet) Mánnim. (Haydock)
Calmet
Septuagint, "the Mineans," who dwelt in Arabia Felix, upon the Red Sea, (Pliny, [Natural History?] 6:28.) or rather the Maonians, in the environs of Gaza. (Calmet)
20:2
Du Hamel
Sea of Sodom, (Haydock) or the Red Sea. (Du Hamel)
Menochius
Syria, which comprised the country of Ammon. (Menochius)
Calmet
Perhaps Edom might rather have been in the text, as we find no Syrians in this war, but many of the Idumeans. (Calmet)
Calmet
Adom and Arom, (Syria. Haydock) have often been confounded, 4 Kings 16:6. (Calmet)
20:3
Calmet
Juda. The whole kingdom was concerned. Sometimes a fast was proclaimed for one city, 3 Kings 21:9., and Jonas 3:7. (Calmet)
Worthington
They were accustomed to fast, not only to subdue the flesh, but also for other necessities. (Worthington)
20:4
Haydock
Protestants, "to ask help of." (Haydock)
Worthington
Cities. Here we have an example of a pilgrimage to a holy place, as God is more willing to hear the virtuous in one place than in another, 2 Paralipomenon 6:7., etc. (Worthington)
20:5
Calmet
New court of the priests. Why it is so called, does not appear. (Calmet)
Le Clerc
Some understand the court for the women; (Salien) others, that for Gentiles. (Le Clerc)
20:7
Haydock
All, or the greatest part. Hebrew, "drive out the inhabitants." (Haydock)
20:9
Haydock
Sword of. Protestants, "as the sword, judgment, or," etc. Septuagint, "the sword, judgment, death, famine." All these are sent in punishment of sin. (Haydock)
Menochius
The sword of the enemy is a judgment of God. (Menochius)
20:12
Calmet
Judge and punish them, as they fight against thee? (Calmet)
Haydock
Enough. Yet we read that Josaphat had above a million soldiers; and he knew that his father had discomfited a greater army of Zara with half the forces. He thus puts us in mind that no power can stand against God's will; and he endeavours, by humility, to obtain the protection of heaven. The invading army must, however, have been very numerous, to extort these expressions from a potent king, and to have thrown his whole people into such consternation. It could hardly be less than that of Zara; and thus, in the space of a century, above two millions and a half of idolaters perished by the hand of God, without Juda losing a single man, ver. 29., and 2 Paralipomenon 13:17. (Haydock)
20:13
Children. Even the little infants were deprived of the breasts, on such emergencies, that their cries might be more affecting. (Haydock) (Joel 2:16., and Judith 4:8.)
Tirinus
The pagans of Ninive even made the cattle also fast, Jonas 3:7. (Calmet) (St. Ambrose, ser. 40.) (Tirinus)
20:14
Menochius
Spirit of prophecy. (Menochius)
Calmet
Jahaziel is known only by this event. (Calmet)
20:16
Calmet
Six. Some translate "flowry ascent." (Calmet)
Haydock
Protestants, "the cliff of Ziz." (Haydock)
Calmet
If it had been Zin, we might understand the desert of stony Arabia, where Ptolemy places the town of Ziza. (Calmet)
Haydock
But we may recollect that the army was already advanced as far as Engaddi; (ver. 2,) so that it seems to have lain nearer Jerusalem. (Haydock)
Menochius
Jeruel, "the fear of God," which name was given to the place, in consequence of the panic with which God struck the enemy. (St. Jerome) (Menochius)
20:19
Calmet
High. Rejoicing at the promised deliverance. (Calmet)
20:20
Menochius
Thecua, two mile east of Bethlehem, on the road to Jeruel. (Adrichomius) (Menochius)
Worthington
Believe. Faith is the foundation of all good works; (Hebrews xi.) but not alone sufficient, as here the people fasted and prayed, and would have fought, if God had not dispensed with them. See Josue xxiii. (Worthington)
We may also translate Hebrew "trust."
20:21
Calmet
Ever. This was usually sung in times of joy, 2 Paralipomenon 5:13. The army seemed thus to be returning victorious. (Calmet)
20:22
Haydock
Ambushments, placed by the Moabites, (Menochius) and Ammonites, (Haydock) against Juda. Some detachments of Mount Seir, perhaps, coming suddenly on them, were taken for foes, and slaughtered. (Haydock)
20:24
Menochius
Tower. Maspha, in the tribe of Benjamin, (Calmet) or some other (Haydock) eminence. (Menochius)
20:25
Calmet
Insomuch. Hebrew and Septuagint, "Three days passed, while they gathered the spoils, because it was great," (Haydock) "without weight," or estimation. (Calmet)
20:26
20:29
Menochius
Lands, in the vicinity. (Menochius)
Haydock
Israel, as he had lately treated Zara, 2 Paralipomenon 14:13. (Haydock)
20:33
Haydock
Places, erected in honour of God, but displeasing to him, 2 Paralipomenon 17:6. (Haydock)
Menochius
The good king perhaps attempted to take these also away, but was obliged to desist by the rebellious people. (Menochius)
Haydock
Hence we find that they are here blamed. (Haydock)
Worthington
They would not conform exactly to the law, (Leviticus 17:3.; Tirinus) and the king was not able to bring all to perfection. (Worthington)
Tacitus
"It is better to pass over....vices, than to shew which we cannot subdue." (Tacitus, An. iii.)
20:34
Haydock
Which. Septuagint, "who wrote a book of the kings of Israel." (Haydock)
Calmet
Jehu rebuked Josaphat, 2 Paralipomenon 19. (Calmet)
Menochius
His book is not extant. (Menochius)
20:35
Year of the World 3108.
Haydock
Things: the victory over Ammon, etc. (Haydock)
Wicked. See 2 Paralipomenon 16:3.
20:36
Tharsis; probably Cilicia, (Calmet) or some part of the ocean.
Tirinus
Asion-gaber was on the Red Sea; and ships would not have been built there, to trade on the Mediterranean, 2 Paralipomenon 9:21. (Tirinus)
20:3
They fasted not only to sub due the flesh to the spirite but also for other necessities.
20:4
Example of pilgremage to holie places, because it pleaseth God to heare the prayers of good people rather in one place then in an other. ch. 6. 7. &c.
20:20
Faith is the fundation of al good workes. Heb. 11. but not sufficient to saluation without other vertues, and therefore they not only beleued but also fasted and prayed, and where nede required fought with weapons, though at this time it pleased God to fight for them. See Iosue 23.
20:21
Concordance Psal. 135.
20:33
He destroyed the places where sacrifice was offered to idoles. ch. 17. v. 6. but tolerated other places where the people offered to God our Lord without the temple, not being able to reduce al to perfection.
20:5
St Jerome † AD 420 The Letters of St. Jerome 60.17
… Unhappy too are we who are so displeasing to God that He uses the fury of the barbarians to execute His wrath against us. Still when Hezekiah repented, one hundred and eighty-five thousand Assyrians were destroyed in one night by a single angel. When Jehosaphat sang the praises of the Lord, the Lord gave His worshipper the victory.
20:7
Pope St Clement I † AD 99 The First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians 10
… so shall thy seed be. And Abram believed God, and it was counted to him for righteousness.” On account of his faith and hospitality, a son was given him in his old age; and in the exercise of obedience, he offered him as a sacrifice to God on one of the mountains which He showed him.
20:14
St Cyril of Jerusalem † AD 386 The Catechetical Lectures of S. Cyril 16.28
… and David says distinctly, The Spirit of the Lord spake by me , and in the Psalms, And take not thy Holy Spirit from me , and again, Thy good Spirit shall lead me in the land of righteousness . And as we have it in Chronicles, Azariah , in the time of King Asa, and Jahaziel
20:26
St Jerome † AD 420 The Letters of St. Jerome 108.11
… For thus did he typify the redemption which the sinner finds for his old sins in the waters of baptism. On the next day soon after sunrise she stood upon the brow of Capharbarucha,
20:1
1. THE SONS OF AMMON AND WITH THEM OF THE AMMONITES, — that is of the Edomites; for these, lest they should appear to fight against the Jews their brothers, called themselves Ammonites. Thus the Author of the Tradition reports at St. Jerome here: "By Ammonites," he says, "he wishes Edomites to be understood, who on account of reverence for the paternal name (Esau, who was the brother of Jacob the father of the Edomites), were unwilling to take up arms in their former garb against Israel; but they transformed themselves into the garb of the Ammonites."
20:2
20:5
5. THE NEW COURT, — namely renewed, or added from the new temple: for when Solomon had made the most spacious courts of the temple, so as to hold the whole people of the 12 tribes; then afterwards when the ten tribes made a schism from Rehoboam and the temple, hence many parts of the court, being empty, were closed off or assigned to other uses. But under Josaphat, with the multitude of the faithful increasing, and the people both of Judah and of those who had defected from the ten tribes to Judah, it was necessary that some of them be opened again and renewed, so as to hold so great a people; and this is: "The new court," that is renewed, and newly accommodated to the uses of the temple and people.
20:12
12. BUT SINCE WE KNOW NOT WHAT WE OUGHT TO DO, THIS ONLY REMAINS TO US, THAT WE DIRECT OUR EYES TO YOU. — Note this most pious and most useful counsel of Josaphat: "When therefore you are destitute of all human aid, the divine is at hand," as Philo the ambassador said to Caius, if you invoke it; for it is the property of God to succor in straits and to restore what is despaired of: for there he especially shows his clemency and power. This work, therefore, as it is fitting to divinity, so it is proper to God.
20:13
13. ALL JUDAH STOOD BEFORE THE LORD WITH THEIR LITTLE ONES, AND THEIR WIVES, AND THEIR CHILDREN. — Behold here is evident the antiquity of the Litany or public and common Prayer, by which in public calamity all of whatever sex and age publicly gather together; so that with unanimous voice, and as it were with one lamentation of all they implore God's mercy and aid, and as it were force God: "For this force is pleasing to God," says Tertullian in the Apology. The Ninevites did the same, Jonah III, 5, and the Maccabees, II Maccabees III, 18 et seq., and the Jews in the time of Judith, cap. iv, verse 9. And this is what Joel admonishes should be done, cap. ii: "Gather together the ancients, assemble the children, and them that suck the breasts." St. Gregory did the same in the plague which was depopulating Rome and Italy. For he appointed public Litanies of all orders, and distributed them into various classes, and when all were calling upon God for aid, God stopped the plague, as his Life relates.
20:33
33. NEVERTHELESS HE DID NOT TAKE AWAY THE HIGH PLACES. — Understand "high places" as those dedicated to the true God; for he did take away the high places of idols, as has been said. He adds the reason: And yet the people had not directed their heart to the Lord, — namely perfectly and totally; for they still sacrificed to God in the high places, although God had commanded that He be sacrificed to in the temple of Jerusalem alone.
20:34
34. WRITTEN IN THE WORDS OF JEHU THE SON OF HANANI, WHICH HE DIGESTED INTO THE BOOKS OF THE KINGS OF ISRAEL, — namely into the books of Chronicles or Diaries, in which he wrote down the deeds of the kings of Israel. From this it is clear that Jehu was the author, at least in part, of the book so often cited, namely the chronicles of the kings of Israel, and that he is different from this book of Paralipomenon, since he is cited in it.
20:36
36. SHIPS THAT WERE TO GO TO THARSIS. — See what is said in chapter ix, verse 21. Note from this passage that God often frustrates the undertakings of pious princes because they use the aid of impious kings or soldiers. For this reason He broke the ships of the pious Josaphat, because they had been joined with the ships of Ochozias, the impious king of Israel. In a similar way God through the prophet commanded Amasias to send home the impious Israelites, although already hired for a hundred talents of silver, from the army, chapter xxv, 6.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
20:1
Agarei or Agarenes (Hebrew *Hagrî'îm*; Septuagint: Ἀγαραῖοι ὁ Ἀγαρηνοί)
… From then on the A. lived subject to the Israelites until "the transmigration" (ibid. 5:22). At an uncertain period, perhaps under King Jehoshaphat, when the Moabites and Ammonites joined together against the king of Judah, the A. entered the coalition (2 Chron. 20:1 ff.; Ps. 82 [83]:7; Flavius Josephus, Ant. Jud., IX, 7). An Agarite was chief shepherd of King David's flocks (1 Chron. 27:31).
… to the destruction of Jerusalem (587); 75 (76) fits the deliverance from Sennacherib's siege (Is. 37:36 ff.); 79 (80) reveals a great national tribulation; 82 (83) seems to allude to the coalition of Moab and Ammon against Jehoshaphat king of Judah (II Chron. 20:1). Perhaps such compositions belong to some descendant of A., who inherited along with the profession the poetic genius (cf. Neh. 11:17, 22).
… To the region of E. the Meunites of II Chron. 20, 1 are reattached, the country of Uz, the homeland of Job, and Theman (the country of Eliphaz), 15 miles from Petra. …
Mesha (Hebrew Mēša', 2 Kings 3; Stele: Meša')
… Together with the Ammonites and the inhabitants of Maon, he attacked by surprise Jehoshaphat king of Judah, already an ally of Ahab; but they were routed by an intervention of the Lord (II Chron. 20:1-30). From the stele (lines 10-21) we learn that M. succeeded in winning independence. …
20:2
Engaddi (Hebrew 'En Gādhī', Fountain of the Goat)
… Abel this identification (2 Chron. 20:2) would be recent, at the expense of Thamar, south of the Dead Sea. Flavius Josephus (Antiq. …
20:5
… (798-783), by Athaliah; profaned by Ahaz, Manasseh, Amon, Zedekiah (II Chron. 36:14); Ahaz (736-721) replaced the altar of holocausts with another reproducing a model from Damascus (II Kings 16:10-14). It was restored or purified by Jehoshaphat (II Chron. 20:5), Joash of Judah (ibid. 24:4-14), Jotham (ibid. 27:3), Hezekiah (ibid. 28:34), Josiah (ibid. 34:3-7). With its treasures tribute was paid to invaders by Asa, Joash, Ahaz, and Hezekiah. …
20:14
… three categories, depended directly on David (ibid. 25:5-6). The particular instrument assigned to A. and his group was the cymbal (mēṣiltajjīm, ibid. 15:19; 16:5; cf. 25:1). The descendants of A. are remembered as the continuers of their father's work (II Chron. 20:14; 29:13; 35:15; Ezra 2:45 among those returning from exile; 3:10; Neh. 7:45; 11:17, 22).
1. King of Judah: v. ZEDEKIAH. - 2-7. Six Jews who sent away the foreign women they had married (Ezra 10:26 ff., 30, 33, 36 ff.). - 8. Levitical family of the stock of Asaph (I Chron. 9:15; II Chron. 20:14; 29:13; Neh. 11:17, 22; 12:8, 35; 13:13). - 9. Levite of the sons of Haman (I Chron. 25:4, 16). - 10. Levite gatekeeper (Neh. 12:25). - 11. Head of a priestly family of the class …
… Sam. 7:2; etc.); under Solomon: Ahijah (I Reg. 11:20; etc.); Shemaiah under Rehoboam; a "man of God" under Jeroboam; Jehu under Baasa (ibid. 12:22; 13; 16:1); Hanani under Asa; Jehu, Jahaziel, Eliezer under Jehoshaphat (II Par. 16:7-10; 19:2; 20:14, 37); Elijah (v.); Micaiah, son of Imlah (I Reg. 22:8-28); Elisha (v.); Jonah, under Jeroboam II (II Reg. 14:25). There follow the prophets whose writings are preserved ("writing prophets"): …
20:19
… Their descendants held an honorable place in the ritual functions in Solomon's Temple (cf. 1 Chron. 9:19; 26:1, 19). The Korahites are remembered down to the time of Jehoshaphat (2 Chron. 20:19). They were predominantly singers (cf. 1 Chron. 6:37). A series of psalms (41, 43-48, 83, 84, 86, 87) is attributed to them.
20:20
Thecua (Heb. Tēqōā; Septuagint Θεκώ and Θεκούς)
… Tēqōā; Septuagint Θεκώ and Θεκούς). - A city of Palestine in the tribe of Judah (Josh. 16:60 Gk.; 1 Chron. 2:24; 4:5) situated toward the desert of Engedi (2 Chron. 20:20), fortified by Rehoboam (ibid. 11:6), birthplace of the prophet Amos (Am. 1:1). Repopulated after the exile, it collaborated in the restoration of the walls of Jerusalem (Neh. …
20:29
… Having examined Gen. 41, 54 ff.; Deut. 2, 25; II Par. 20, 29; Act. 2, 5, one will easily admit that this is a matter of relative geographical universality. …
20:33
… construction of the Temple, and "the sacred poles," objects of idolatrous worship in honor of the Canaanite goddess 'Asherah or Astarte: but he did not succeed entirely, at least as regards the so-called high places or bāmōth (II Kings 22, 44 and II Chron. 20, 33: the people continued there to sacrifice and burn incense); which nevertheless does not diminish the merit of the pious king.
20:34
… Asa, irritated, had him imprisoned (II Chron. 16, 7-10). He is probably the father of the prophet Jehu (I Kings 16, 1-7; II Chron. 19, 2; 20, 34).
… He survived King Jehoshaphat himself and wrote the memoirs of his reign (II Chron. 20:34). Gaetano Stano
… midhräism of the books of Kings (ibid. 24, 27) and of Addo the prophet (ibid. 13, 22); c) words of Samuel the seer, of Nathan the prophet, of Gad the seer (I Par. 29, 29); words of Shemaiah the prophet and of Addo the seer (II Par. 12, 15); of Jehu (ibid. 20, 34), of the seers (ibid. 33, 19). Furthermore the P. utilize the canonical sources: the Pentateuch, Joshua, Samuel, Kings; the vision of Isaiah (ibid. 32, 32); the lamentations of Jeremiah …
20:35
Asiongaber (Hebrew Ešjōn-Gēbher "Grove of Gēbher [Name of a Man?]")
… (Num. 33:35; Deut. 2:8). Solomon built a port and a commercial fleet there; a century later Jehoshaphat built a new fleet there destined for Ophir, but it was destroyed in the port of A. by a storm (I Kings 9:26 ff.; 22:48 f.; II Chron. 8:17; 9:21; 20:35-37). Already under Joram (849-842 B.C.) Edom, having revolted, deprived the kingdom of Judah (cf. II Kings 8:20-22; II Chron. 21:8-10) of its coveted outlet to the sea. Afterward, …
… tribe of Reuben, in the time of David (I Par. 27, 16). 6. Jewish prophet, son of Dodavah, from Mareshah; he reproached Jehoshaphat for the alliance with Ahaziah (ca. 854 B.C.), for a fleet for trade with Ophir, foretelling the ruin of the enterprise (II Par. 20, 35-37). Jehoshaphat therefore refused to repeat the attempt, as Ahaziah proposed (I Reg. 22, 50). 7. One of the Jewish leaders, charged by Ezra with recruiting servants for the Temple, …
… he maintained with him the good relations already begun by his father Ahab and joined in the enterprise of a fleet of ships that were to set sail for Ophir in search of gold; but the ships were wrecked in the port of Ezion-geber (I Kings 22:49 ff.; II Chron. 20:35 ff.). …
20:36
… It is enough to compare the parallel texts of P. with Samuel and Kings (for example, I Kings 15, 14; 22, 44 with II Chron. 14, 2-5; 17, 6; I Kings 22, 49 with II Chron. 20, 36 etc.). …
20:37
… made peace and friendship with the king of Israel Ahab, sealing it with the marriage of his son Jehoram (v.) to Athaliah daughter of Ahab: a grave error, which was strongly reproached to him by the prophet Jehu (v.) son of Hanani (II Chron. 19, 2; cf. 20, 37). This friendship not only brought the king of Judah to a gradual condition of inferiority with respect to the king of Israel, but, worse, exposed his kingdom and his family to the …
… The alliance with O., "a man of wicked conduct," earned Jehoshaphat the reproach of the prophet Eliezer (II Chron. 20:37). In fact O. followed the impious conduct of his father, "served Baal and worshiped him, provoking the wrath of the God of Israel" (I Kings 22:54).
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.