Salomons palace, 2. his house in the forrest, 8. and the quenes house is built, 13. Two great brasen pillers: 23. asea (or lauer) 27. tenne brasen ferte. 38. tenne lesse lauatorics, and other vessels, and implementes pertaining to the Temple, adorned vvith images of Angels, and other creatures are further described.
1And Solomon built his own house in thirteen years, and brought it to perfection.E fabbricò Salomone, e compì interamente in tredici anni la sua propria casa.AND his owne house Salomon built in thirtene yeares, and brough it to perfection.Domum autem suam ædificavit Salomon tredecim annis, et ad perfectum usque perduxit. 2He built also the house of the forest of Libanus; the length of it was a hundred cubits, and the breadth fifty cubits, and the height thirty cubits: and four galleries between pillars of cedar: for he had cut cedar trees into pillars.E fabbricò ancora la casa del bosco del Libano, di cento cubiti in lunghezza, e di cinquanta cubiti di larghezza, e di trenta cubiti di altezza: ed eranvi quattro corridori tra i colonnati di cedro: perocché egli avea fatto ridurre a colonne le piante di cedro.He built also the house of the forest of Libanus of an hundred cubites in length, and fiftie cubites in bredth, and thirtie cubites in height: and foure score galleries betwen pillers of ceder: for he had cut ceder trees into pillers.Ædificavit quoque domum saltus Libani centum cubitorum longitudinis, et quinquaginta cubitorum latitudinis, et triginta cubitorum altitudinis: et quatuor deambulacra inter columnas cedrinas: ligna quippe cedrina exciderat in columnas. 3And he covered the whole vault with boards of cedar, and it was held up with five and forty pillars. And one row had fifteen pillars,E rivestì di tavole di cedro tutto il soffitto sostenuto da quarantacinque colonne. E ogni filare avea quindici colonne,And he decked the whole vaut with bordes of ceder, which was held vp with fiue and fourtie pillers. And one order had fiften pillers,Et tabulatis cedrinis vestivit totam cameram, quæ quadraginta quinque columnis sustentabatur. Unus autem ordo habebat columnas quindecim 4Set one against another,Collocate l'una dirimpetto all'altra,set one against an other,contra se invicem positas, 5And looking one upon another, with equal space between the pillars, and over the pillars were square beams in all things equal.È che si guardavano l'una l'altra, ed eran tutte in egual distanza tra di loro: e sopra le colonne eranvi delle travi quadrangolari tutte di egual grossezza.and looked one ouer against an other, with equal space betwen the pillers, and ouer the pillers square beames in al equal.et e regione se respicientes, æquali spatio inter columnas, et super columnas quadrangulata ligna in cunctis æqualia. 6And he made a porch of pillars of fifty cubits in length, and thirty cubits in breadth: and another porch before the greater porch, and pillars, and chapiters upon the pillars.E fece un portico di colonne avente cinquanta cubiti di lunghezza, e trenta cubiti di larghezza: e un altro portico in faccia al portico più grande, con colonne, e architravi sopra le colonne.And the porche of the pillers he made of fiftie cubites in length, and thirtie cubites in bredth: and an other porche before the greater porche: and pillers, and toppes vpon the pillers.Et porticum columnarum fecit quinquaginta cubitorum longitudinis, et triginta cubitorum latitudinis: et alteram porticum in facie majoris porticus: et columnas, et epistylia super columnas.
7He made also the porch of the throne wherein is the seat of judgment; and covered it with cedar wood from the floor to the top.Fece ancora il portico del trono, e lo vestì di legno di cedro dal pavimento fino alla sommità.He made also the porche of the throne, wherein the seate of iudgement is; and couered it with ceder wood from the pauement vnto the toppe.Porticum quoque solii, in qua tribunal est, fecit: et texit lignis cedrinis a pavimento usque ad summitatem. 8And in the midst of the porch, was a small house, where he sat in judgment of the like work. He made also a house for the daughter of Pharao (whom Solomon had taken to wife) of the same work, as this porch;E la tribuna, dove sì risedeva per render ragione, era nel mezzo del portico, ed era di simil lavoro. Fece di più Salomone per la figliuola di Faraone (che egli avea sposata) una casa di lavoro simile a quella del portico.And the litle house, where they sate in iudgement, was in the middes of the porche of like worke. He made also a house for the daughter of Pharao (which Salomon had taken to wife) of such worke, as also this porche.Et domuncula, in qua sedebatur ad judicandum, erat in media porticu simili opere. Domum quoque fecit filiæ Pharaonis (quam uxorem duxerat Salomon) tali opere, quali et hanc porticum. 9All of costly stones, which were sawed by a certain rule and measure, both within and without: from the foundation to the top of the walls, and without, unto the great court.Tutte (queste fabbriche) dalle fondamenta sino alla cima delle muraglie, e al di fuori sino all'atrio maggiore erano di pietre di molto pregio, le quali tanto dalla parte interiore, come dall'esteriore erano state segate in pari forma, e misura.Al of chosen stones, which were sawed by a certain rule & measure both within & without: from the fundation to the toppe of the walles, & without vnto the greater courte.Omnia lapidibus pretiosis, qui ad normam quamdam atque mensuram tam intrinsecus quam extrinsecus serrati erant: a fundamento usque ad summitatem parietum, et extrinsecus usque ad atrium majus. 10And the foundations were of costly stones, great stones of ten cubits or eight cubits.E le fondamenta eran di pietre di molto pregio, di pietre grandi di dieci, ovvero di otto cubiti.And the fundations of chosen stones, great stones of ten or eight cubites.Fundamenta autem de lapidibus pretiosis, lapidibus magnis, decem sive octo cubitorum. 11And above there were costly stones of equal measure hewed, and in like manner planks of cedar.E al di sopra erano pietre di molto pregio tagliate ad egual misura, e parimente coperte di cedro.And aboue there were hewed chosen stones of equal measure, and in like maner of ceder.Et desuper lapides pretiosi æqualis mensuræ secti erant, similiterque de cedro.
12And the great court was made round with three rows of hewed stones, and one row of planks of cedar, which also was observed in the inner court of the house of the Lord, and in the porch of the house.E l'atrio maggiore rotondo avea tre ordini di pietre tagliate, e un ordine di cedro lavorato: e così pure era dell'atrio interiore della casa del Signore, e del portico di essa casa.And the greater court round with three rewes of hewed stones, and one rew of planed ceder, moreouer also in the inner court of the house of our Lord, and in the porche of the house.Et atrium majus rotundum trium ordinum de lapidibus sectis, et unius ordinis de dolata cedro: necnon et in atrio domus Domini interiori, et in porticu domus. 13And king Solomon sent, and brought Hiram from Tyre,E il re Salomone fece ancora venir da Tiro Hiram,King Salomon also sent, and tooke Hiram from Tyre,Misit quoque rex Salomon, et tulit Hiram de Tyro, 14The son of a widow woman, of the tribe of Nephthali, whose father was a Tyrian, an artificer in brass, and full of wisdom, and understanding, and skill to work all work in brass. And when he was come to king Solomon, he wrought all his work.Che era figliuolo di una donna vedova della tribù di Nephthali, di padre della città di Tirò; ed era un lavoratore di bronzi pieno di saggezza, di capacità, e d'industria per fare qualunque opera in bronzo. Ed egli essendo venuto a trovare il re Salomone, fece tutto il lavoro, ch'ei volle.the sonne of a widow woman of the tribe of Nepthali, his father a Tyrian, an artificer in brasse, and ful of wisdom, and intelligence, and skil to make al worke of brasse. Who when he was come to king Salomon, made al his worke.filium mulieris viduæ de tribu Nephthali, patre Tyrio, artificem ærarium, et plenum sapientia, et intelligentia, et doctrina, ad faciendum omne opus ex ære. Qui cum venisset ad regem Salomonem, fecit omne opus ejus. 15And he cast two pillars in brass, each pillar was eighteen cubits high: and a line of twelve cubits compassed both the pillars.Ed egli fece due colonne di bronzo, ogni colonna alta diciotto cubiti: e una corda di dodici cubiti abbracciava ciascuna colonna.And he cast two brasen pillers, of eightene cubites in height one piller: and a line of twelue cubites compassed both pillers.Et finxit duas columnas æreas, decem et octo cubitorum altitudinis columnam unam: et linea duodecim cubitorum ambiebat columnam utramque. 16He made also two chapiters of molten brass, to be set upon the tops of the pillars: the height of one chapiter was five cubits, and the height of the other chapiter was five cubits:Fece ancora i due capitelli di getto in bronzo sulla cima delle colonne: un capitello avea cinque cubiti di altezza, e l'altro capitello cinque cubiti di altezza:He made also two litle heades, which should be put vpon the heades of the pillers, cast of brasse: fiue cubites high one litle head, and fiue cubites the other litle head:Duo quoque capitella fecit, quæ ponerentur super capita columnarum, fusilia ex ære: quinque cubitorum altitudinis capitellum unum, et quinque cubitorum altitudinis capitellum alterum:
17And a kind of network, and chain work wreathed together with wonderful art. Both the chapiters of the pillars were cast: seven rows of nets were on one chapiter, and seven nets on the other chapiter.Ed eravi come una rete, e una catena conteste insieme tra di loro con mirabile artifizio. L'uno e l'altro capitello delle colonne era di getto: sette filari di maglie erano nell'uno, e sette filari di maglie nell'altro capitello.and as it were in maner of a nette, and of cheynes knitte one to the other with maruelous worke. Both litle heades of the pillers were cast: seuen rewes of litle nettes in one litle head, & seuen litle nettes in the other litle head.et quasi in modum retis, et catenarum sibi invicem miro opere contextarum. Utrumque capitellum columnarum fusile erat: septena versuum retiacula in capitello uno, et septena retiacula in capitello altero. 18And he made the pillars, and two rows round about each network to cover the chapiters, that were upon the top, with pomegranates: and in like manner did he to the other chapiter.E per compimento delle colonne fece due ordini di maglie, che circondavano, e coprivano i capitelli, le quali posavano in cima de' meligranati: fece la stessa cosa al secondo, e al primo capitello.And finished the pillers, and two rewes round about euerie nette, that they might couer the litle heades, which were ouer the toppe of the pomegranates: in like maner did he also to the second litle head.Et perfecit columnas, et duos ordines per circuitum retiaculorum singulorum, ut tegerent capitella quæ erant super summitatem, malogranatorum: eodem modo fecit et capitello secundo. 19And the chapiters that were upon the top of the pillars, were of lily work, in the porch of four cubits.I capitelli, che erano in cima delle colonne nel portico, erano fatti a maniera di giglio, ed eran di quattro cubiti.And the litle heades, that were vpon the heades of the pillers, were made as it were with lilie worke, in the porche, of foure cubites.Capitella autem quæ erant super capita columnarum, quasi opere lilii fabricata erant in porticu quatuor cubitorum. 20And again there were other chapiters on the top of the pillars above, according to the measure of the pillar over against the network: and of pomegranates there were two hundred, in rows round about the other chapiter.E di più eranvi altri capitelli in cima alle colonne al di sopra della rete proporzionati alla misura della colonna: e intorno al secondo (e al primo) capitello vi erano dugento meligranati posti per ordine,And againe other litle heades in the toppe of the pillers about, according to the measure of the piller against the litle nettes: and of the pomegranates were two hundred rewes round about the second litle head.Et rursum alia capitella in summitate columnarum desuper juxta mensuram columnæ contra retiacula: malogranatorum autem ducenti ordines erant in circuitu capitelli secundi.
21And he set up the two pillars in the porch of the temple: and when he had set up the pillar on the right hand, he called the name thereof Jachin: in like manner he set up the second pillar, and called the name thereof Booz.E le due colonne le collocò nel portico del tempio: e quando ebbe alzata la colonna destra, te diede il nome di Jachin, ed eretta parimente la seconda, le pose nome Booz.And he sette two pillers in the porche of the temple: and when he had erected the piller on the right hand, he called the name therof, Iachin: in like maner he erected the second piller, and called the name therof Booz.Et statuit duas columnas in porticu templi: cumque statuisset columnam dexteram, vocavit eam nomine Jachin: similiter erexit columnam secundam, et vocavit nomen ejus Booz. 22And upon the tops of the pillars he made lily work: so the work of the pillars was finished.E sulle cime delle colonne pose quel lavoro fatto a maniera di giglio: e fu compita l'opera delle colonne.And vpon the heades of the pillers he put a worke in maner of a lilie: and the worke of the pyllers was perfected.Et super capita columnarum opus in modum lilii posuit: perfectumque est opus columnarum. 23He made also a molten sea, of ten cubits, from brim to brim, round all about; the height of it was five cubits, and a line of thirty cubits compassed it round about.Fece anche di getto una gran conca tutta rotonda, di dieci cubiti da un orlo all'altro. Ella avea cinque cubiti di profondità, e una corda di trenta cubiti cingeva tutto il suo giro.He made also a sea of founders worke of ten cubites from brimme to brimme, round in cōpasse, the height therof was of fiue cubites, and a corde of thirtie cubites did compasse it, round about.Fecit quoque mare fusile decem cubitorum a labio usque ad labium, rotundum in circuitu: quinque cubitorum altitudo ejus, et resticula triginta cubitorum cingebat illud per circuitum. 24And a graven work, under the brim of it, compassed it for ten cubits going about the sea: there were two rows cast of chamfered sculptures.E sotto all'orlo un lavoro di scultura, che giravagli attorno per dieci cubiti, e cingeva la conca: I due ordini di sculture di getto eran di rilievo.And the grauing vnder the brīme compassed it, ten cubites going about the lauatorie: there were two rewes of chamfered forowed grauinges cast.Et sculptura subter labium circuibat illud decem cubitis ambiens mare: duo ordines sculpturarum striatarum erant fusiles. 25And it stood upon twelve oxen, of which three looked towards the north, and three towards the west, and three towards the south, and three towards the east: and the sea was above upon them, and their hinder parts were all hid within.E (la conca) posava sopra dodici bovi, de' quali tre guardavano a settentrione, e tre ad occidente, e tre a mezzodì, e tre ad oriente, e sopra di essi stava la conca, e tutte le parti deretane di quelli restavan sotto nascose.And it stood vpon twelue oxen, of which three looked to the North, and three to the West, and three to the South, and three to the East, and the sea was ouer them: whose hinder partes were al hid inward.Et stabat super duodecim boves, e quibus tres respiciebant ad aquilonem, et tres ad occidentem, et tres ad meridiem, et tres ad orientem: et mare super eos desuper erat: quorum posteriora universa intrinsecus latitabant.
26And the laver was a hand breadth thick: and the brim thereof was like the brim of a cup, or the leaf of a crisped lily: it contained two thousand bates.Questo lavacro avea tre once di grossezza, e il suo orlo era come l'orlo di una coppa, e come la foglia di un giglio sbocciato: ei capiva due mila bati.And the thickenes of the lauatorie w•• of •lr•• c••••s: and the brimme therof as it were the brimme of a chalice, and the leafe of crisped lilie: it contayned two thousand bates.Grossitudo autem luteris, trium unciarum erat: labiumque ejus quasi labium calicis, et folium repandi lilii: duo millia batos capiebat. 27And he made ten bases of brass, every base was four cubits in length, and four cubits in breadth, and three cubits high.E fece dieci basi di bronzo, ognuna delle quali era lunga quattro cubiti, e larga quattro cubiti, e alta tre cubiti.And he made ten brasen seete, of foure cubites in length euerie foote, and foure cubites in bredth, and three cubites in height.Et fecit decem bases æneas, quatuor cubitorum longitudinis bases singulas, et quatuor cubitorum latitudinis, et trium cubitorum altitudinis. 28And the work itself of the bases, was intergraven: and there were gravings between the joinings.E il lavoro delle basi era di più pezzi: e dove questi si incastravano insieme eranvi de' lavori di scultura.And the verie worke it selfe of the feete, was entergrauen: and enterg〈…〉 betwen the ioyntures.Et ipsum opus basium, interrasile erat: et sculpturæ inter juncturas. 29And between the little crowns and the ledges, were lions, and oxen, and cherubims; and in the joinings likewise above: and under the lions and oxen, as it were bands of brass hanging down.E tra piccole corone, e lacci, eranvi lioni, e bovi, e Cherubini: e parimente sopra le commessure: e sotto ai lioni, e ai bovi eranvi quasi delle corde di bronzo pendenti.And betwen the litle crownes and the playtes, lions, and oxen, and cherubs: and in the ioyntures likewise aboue: and vnder the lions, and oxen as it were ••• des of brasse hanging downe.Et inter coronulas et plectas, leones et boves et cherubim, et in juncturis similiter desuper: et subter leones et boves, quasi lora ex ære dependentia. 30And every base had four wheels, and axletrees of brass: and at the four sides were undersetters, under the laver molten, looking one against another.E ogni base avea quattro ruote co' mozzi di bronzo, e a' quattro angoli eranvi sotto il lavacro certe quasi spallette di getto rivolte l'una verso l'altra.And foure wheeles at euerie foote, and axeltrees of brasse: and at foure sides as it were litle shoulders vnder the lauatorie cast, looking one against an other.Et quatuor rotæ per bases singulas, et axes ærei: et per quatuor partes quasi humeruli subter luterem fusiles, contra se invicem respectantes.
31The mouth also of the laver within, was in the top of the chapiter: and that which appeared without, was of one cubit all round, and together it was one cubit and a half: and in the corners of the pillars were divers engravings: and the spaces between the pillars were square, not round.Eravi anche in cima alle base interiormente la cavità per ricevere il lavatoio: e quello, che ne appariva al di fuori per un cubito, era tutto rotondo, e avea ancora un cubito, e mezzo: e agli angoli delle colonne eranvi varie sculture: e lo spazio tralle colonne era quadrato, e non rotondo.The mouth also of the lauatorie was inward in the toppe of the head: and that which appeared outward, was of one cubite al round, and together it had one cubite & a halfe: and in the corners of the pillers were diuers engrauinges: and the middle enterpillers square not round.Os quoque luteris intrinsecus erat in capitis summitate: et quod forinsecus apparebat, unius cubiti erat totum rotundum, pariterque habebat unum cubitum et dimidium: in angulis autem columnarum variæ cælaturæ erant: et media intercolumnia, quadrata non rotunda. 32And the four wheels, which were at the four corners of the base, were joined one to another under the base: the height of a wheel was a cubit and a half.E le quattro ruote, che erano ai quattro angoli della base, si corrispondevano l'una all'altra sotto la base: e ogni ruota avea un cubito, e mezzo di altezza.The foure wheeles also, which were at the foure corners of a foote, ioyned one to an other vnder the foote: one wheele had in height a cubite and a halfe.Quatuor quoque rotæ quæ per quatuor angulos basis erant, cohærebant sibi subter basim: una rota habebat altitudinis cubitum et semis. 33And they were such wheels as are used to be made in a chariot: and their axletrees, and spokes, and strakes, and naves, were all cast.E le ruote erano come quelle, che soglion farsi ai cocchi, co' loro assi, e raggi, e cerchi, e mozzi, il tutto di getto.And they were such wheeles as are accustomed to be made in a chariote: and their axeltrees and spokes, and strakes, and naues, al cast.Tales autem rotæ erant quales solent in curru fieri: et axes earum, et radii, et canthi, et modioli, omnia fusilia. 34And the four undersetters, that were at every corner of each base, were of the base itself, cast and joined together.Anzi anche le quattro spallette ai quattro angoli di ciascheduna base erano congiunte con essa, e di un sol getto colla base.For those foure litle shoulders also at euerie corner of one foote, were cast out of the foote and ioyned together.Nam et humeruli illi quatuor per singulos angulos basis unius, ex ipsa basi fusiles et conjuncti erant.
35And on the top of the base, there was a round compass of half a cubit, so wrought that the laver might be set thereon, having its gravings, and divers sculptures of itself.E in cima alla base era un lavoro rotondo alto mezzo cubito, e fatto in guisa da potervi metter sopra il lavatoio; e avea le sue cisellature, e sculture varie, che si staccavan da esso.And in the toppe of the foote was a certayne roundnes of halfe a cubite, so wrought, that the lauatorie might be put thereon, half the engrauinges therof, and diuerse caruinges of it self. 〈…〉In summitate autem basis erat quædam rotunditas dimidii cubiti, ita fabrefacta ut luter desuper posset imponi, habens cælaturas suas, variasque sculpturas ex semetipsa. 36He engraved also in those plates, which were of brass, and in the corners, cherubims, and lions, and palm trees, in likeness of a man standing, so that they seemed not to be engraven, but added round about.E sopra quelle tavole, che eran di bronzo, e ai loro angoli scolpì dei Cherubini, e de' lioni, e delle palme (con tal'arte), che pareano non iscolpiti, ma posti tutto ali intorno, come una figura d'uomo, che sta in piedi.graued also in those fielinges, which were of brasse, and in the corners, cherubs, and lions, and palmetrees, as it w••• 〈◊〉 the similitude of a man standing, that they semed not to be engrauen, but put to round about.Sculpsit quoque in tabulatis illis quæ erant ex ære, et in angulis, cherubim, et leones, et palmas, quasi in similitudinem hominis stantis, ut non cælata, sed apposita per circuitum viderentur. 37After this manner, he made ten bases, of one casting and measure, and the like graving.In tal guisa fece egli le dieci basi di getto, della stessa fattura, e grandezza, e con simili sculture.After this maner made he ten feete, of one casting and measure, & like grauing. 〈…〉In hunc modum fecit decem bases, fusura una, et mensura, sculpturaque consimili. 38He made also ten lavers of brass: one laver contained four bases, and was of four cubits: and upon every base, in all ten, he put as many lavers.Fece ancora i dieci lavatoi di bronzo: ogni lavatoio capiva quaranta bati, ed era di quattro cubiti: e posò un vaso sopra ciascuna delle dieci basi.made also ten lauatories of brasse: one lauatorie conteyned fourtie bates, and it was of foure cubites: also at euerie foote, that is ten, he put so manie lauatories.Fecit quoque decem luteres æneos: quadraginta batos capiebat luter unus, eratque quatuor cubitorum: singulos quoque luteres per singulas, id est, decem bases, posuit. 39And he set the ten bases, five on the right side of the temple, and five on the left: and the sea he put on the right side of the temple, over against the east southward.E collocò le dieci basi, cinque dal destro lato del tempio, e cinque dal lato sinistro: e la gran conca dalla parte del tempio tra levante, e mezzodì.And he sette the ten feete, fiue on the right side of the temple, and fiue on the leaft: and the sea •e put on the right side of the temple against the East toward the SouthEt constituit decem bases, quinque ad dexteram partem templi, et quinque ad sinistram: mare autem posuit ad dexteram partem templi contra orientem ad meridiem.
40And Hiram made cauldrons, and shovels, and basins, and finished all the work of king Solomon in the temple of the Lord.Fece ancora Hiram delle pignatte, e delle caldaie, e de' bacini, e compì tutto quello, che il re Salomone gli ordinò pel tempio del Signore.Hiram therfore made cauldrons, and thoueles, and litle pottes, and perfected al the worke of king Salomon in the temple of our Lord.Fecit ergo Hiram lebetes, et scutras, et hamulas, et perfecit omne opus regis Salomonis in templo Domini. 41The two pillars and the two cords of the chapiters, upon the chapiters of the pillars: and the two networks, to cover the two cords, that were upon the top of the pillars.Le due colonne, e i due cordoni sopra i capitelli delle colonne: e le due reti, che coprivano i due cordoni, che erano sulle cime delle colonne.Two pyllers, and two cordes of the litle heades, vpon the litle heades of the pyllers: and two litle nettes, to couer the two cordes, that were ouer the heades of the pyllers.Columnas duas, et funiculos capitellorum super capitella columnarum duos: et retiacula duo, ut operirent duos funiculos qui erant super capita columnarum. 42And four hundred pomegranates for the two networks: two rows of pomegranates for each network, to cover the cords of the chapiters, which were upon the tops of the pillars.E quattrocento melegranate nelle due reti: due ordini di melegranate per ogni rete, la quale copriva i cordoni de' capitelli, che erano alle cime delle colonne:And foure hundred pomegranates in the two nettes: two rewes of pomegramates in euerie nette, to couer the cordes of the litle heades, which were vpon the heades of the pyllers.Et malogranata quadringenta in duobus retiaculis: duos versus malogranatorum in retiaculis singulis, ad operiendos funiculos capitellorum qui erant super capita columnarum. 43And the ten bases, and the ten lavers on the bases.E le dieci basi, e le dieci conche sopra le basi:And tenne feete, and tenne lauatories vpon the feete.Et bases decem, et luteres decem super bases. 44And one sea, and twelve oxen under the sea.E la gran conca, e i dodici bovi sotto la conca:And one sea, and twelue oxen vnder the sea.Et mare unum, et boves duodecim subter mare. 45And the cauldrons, and the shovels, and the basins. All the vessels that Hiram made for king Solomon, for the house of the Lord, were of fine brass.E le pignatte, e le caldaie, e i bacini: tutti i vasi, che Hiram fece al re Salomone per servigio della casa del Signore, erano di bronzo fino.And cauldrons, and shouels, and litle pottes. Al the vessels that Hiram made to king Salomon in the house of our Lord, were of bright latten.Et lebetes, et scutras, et hamulas, omnia vasa quæ fecit Hiram regi Salomoni in domo Domini, de auricalco erant.
46In the plains of the Jordan, did the king cast them in a clay ground, between Socoth and Sartham.Il re li fece fondere in una pianura del Giordano, in un terreno argilloso, tra Socoth, e Sarthan.In the champayne countrie of Iordan did the king cast those thinges in a clay ground, betwen Sacoth and Sarthan.In campestri regione Jordanis fudit ea rex in argillosa terra, inter Sochoth et Sarthan. 47And Solomon placed all the vessels: but for its exceeding great multitude the brass could not be weighed.E Salomone ripose tutti questi vasi: e attesa la eccedente loro moltitudine fu indicibil peso di bronzo.And Salomon placed al the vessel: but for the exceding great multitude the brasse could not be weyed.Et posuit Salomon omnia vasa: propter multitudinem autem nimiam non erat pondus æris. 48And Solomon made all the vessels for the house of the Lord: the altar of gold, and the table of gold, upon which the loaves of proposition should be set:Fece ancor Salomone tutto quello, che dovea servire alla casa del Signore: l'altare d'oro, e la mensa d'oro, per porvi sopra i pani della proposizione.And Salomon made al the vessels in the house of our Lord: an altar of gold, and a table, wherupon the loaues of proposition should be put, of gold:Fecitque Salomon omnia vasa in domo Domini: altare aureum, et mensam super quam ponerentur panes propositionis, auream: 49And the golden candlesticks, five on the right hand, and five on the left, over against the oracle, of pure gold: and the flowers like lilies, and the lamps over them of gold: and golden snuffers,E i candelabri d'oro, cinque a destra, e cinque a sinistra dinanzi all'oracolo di fino oro: e come fiori di giglio, e le lucerne d'oro sopra (i candellier, e le smoccolatoie d'oro).and candlestickes of gold, fiue on the right hand, and fiue on the leaft against the oracle, of pure gold: and as it were lilie floures, and lampes aboue of gold: and golden snuffers,et candelabra aurea, quinque ad dexteram, et quinque ad sinistram contra oraculum, ex auro puro: et quasi lilii flores, et lucernas desuper aureas: et forcipes aureos, 50And pots, and fleshhooks, and bowls, and mortars, and censers, of most pure gold: and the hinges for the doors of the inner house of the holy of holies, and for the doors of the house of the temple, were of gold.E le idrie, e le forchette, e le coppe, e i mortai, e i turiboli d'oro finissimo: e i cardini delle porte della casa interiore del Santo de' Santi, e delle porte del tempio erano d'oro.and water pottes, and fleshehookes, and phiales, and morters, and censars, of most pure gold: and the •ndges of doores of the inner Sanctum sanctorum, and of the doores of the house of the temple, were of gold.et hydrias, et fuscinulas, et phialas, et mortariola, et thuribula, de auro purissimo: et cardines ostiorum domus interioris Sancti sanctorum, et ostiorum domus templi, ex auro erant.
51And Solomon finished all the work that he made in the house of the Lord, and brought in the things that David, his father, had dedicated, the silver and the gold, and the vessels, and laid them up in the treasures of the house of the Lord.E Salomone compì tutti i lavori fatti da lui per la casa del Signore, e vi portò l'argento, e l'oro, e i vasi consagrati da Davidde suo padre, e li ripose nel tesoro della casa del Signore.And Salomon perfected al the worke that he did in the house of our Lord, and brought in the thinges that Dauid his father had sanctified, siluer and gold, and the vessel, and layed them in the treasures of the house of our Lord.Et perfecit omne opus quod faciebat Salomon in domo Domini, et intulit quæ sanctificaverat David pater suus, argentum, et aurum, et vasa, reposuitque in thesauris domus Domini.
7:1
Year of the World 3000, Year before Christ 1004.
Haydock
Thirteen. He was only twelve years and a half; since he finished both the temple and the palace in 20 years, 3 Kings 9:10. Salien observes that Solomon's house was connected with the queen's, as well as with that part which was styled of the forest of Libanus, for their mutual recreation, the year before Christ 1023. The Roman Septuagint places the 13 first verses at the end, ver. 51. (Haydock)
7:2
Calmet
Libanus. So it was called, on account of the many cedar pillars brought from that mountain; or because many trees and shrubs were planted in the vicinity. (Calmet)
Ar.[Arbuthnot?] Mont.[Montanus?]
Libanus might also be seen from it, and refreshing breezes be felt. (Ar.[Arbuthnot?] Mont.[Montanus?])
Menochius
The palace stood on the eastern part of Sion, and to the west of the temple. (Menochius)
Salien
The vale between them had been filled up, at a vast expense, and a sort of bridge erected, which was called Mello. Thus the palace of David, on the west of Sion, and this of Solomon, served to protect the temple, and to keep the citizens in awe. (Salien)
Menochius
Sanchez declines giving the dimensions of this palace, as they are not satisfactory. (Menochius)
Here Solomon resided, and was served in gold, (Calmet) adorning his palace with shields and targets of the same precious metal, 3 Kings 10:16, 21.
Cubits. The more sacred part of the temple was only 60, 20, and 30 cubits, 3 Kings 6:2. But there were various other appendages and towers. This palace must have been very extensive.
Haydock
And four. Hebrew, "upon four rows of cedar pillars, with cedar beams upon the pillars." (Haydock)
Calmet
One row of these might be rather pilasters, against the wall; (ver. 3,) so that there would be three covered galleries, before the apartments, each supported on 15 pillars. (Calmet)
7:4
Haydock
Set, etc. Hebrew, "and windows in three rows, over-against one another; (5) and all the doors and posts square with the windows: and light was against light, in three rows." (Haydock)
The palace had three stories; but the galleries before it were of equal height with it.
7:6
Haydock
Porch. Septuagint seem to retain the original word ulam, as they read ailam; whence our hall, and the Latin aula, may be derived. (Haydock)
Calmet
It was a court surrounded by pillars and galleries, in front of the palace. (Calmet)
Another. Hebrew, "the porch before them, (pillars) and the pillars, and the thick beam before them."
7:7
Haydock
Tob. Hebrew, "the other side." (Haydock)
The eastern princes generally sit before their palace to give judgment; and hence that of the Ottoman emperors is styled the Porte, (Calmet) or "gate."
7:8
Haydock
House. In the form of a recess or alcove, at the end of one of the aforesaid porches, and probably in that which was nearer the palace. Guards would be stationed in the other. (Haydock)
Calmet
This is the idea which travellers have given us of the palaces in the East. They consist of various apartments, galleries, and courts. Under the outward porch there are guards standing, in a double row; and hence there is a communication with other parts of the house, and with the apartments of the women, which are far removed, and inaccessible to strangers. The women still continue to have separate tents, or apartments; as they had in the days of Sara, Esther, Herodias, etc., Genesis xxiv., Esther 1:11., and Matthew 14:8. (Calmet)
Haydock
Pharao. Till it was finished, this lady had lodged in David's palace; though as it was deemed in a manner sacred, on account of the presence of the ark, it was judged expedient to remove her, 2 Paralipomenon 8:11. (Haydock)
Salien
Perhaps she had begun to manifest some signs of a relapse towards idolatry, into which she is supposed chiefly to have induced her husband, 3 Kings 11:4. (Salien)
7:12
Cedar, in regular courses with the stones, 3 Kings 6:36. Public places were often made in a circular form, and were thus rendered more beautiful. The palace of Solomon might have enclosed the court in this manner, or there were buildings on all the four sides, made of three courses of fine large stones, with the fourth of cedar beams, till the whole was completed. The ancients built for posterity, as we may perceive from the huge stones, well connected, which still reman in the ruins of Egyptian, Greek, and Roman architecture.
7:14
Menochius
Nephthali: 2 Paralipomenon 2:14. we read of Dan. But the king of Tyre might be under a mistake, (Sanctius) or he may only insinuate that she lived at the city of that name, in the tribe of Nephthali. (Menochius)
One of her husbands might be a Danite, (Grotius) though resident at Tyre.
Menochius
Father, may also denote a master or officer; in which sense we read in Paralipomenon, My father, Hiram. (Haydock) (St. Jerome, Trad.) (Menochius)
If the woman married an idolater, it was contrary to the law: (Calmet) though Grotius maintains the contrary, when the free exercise of religion was granted.
7:15
Cornelius a Lapide
Eighteen. Both together are said in Paralipomenon to be 35, as if half a cubit too much had been here assigned, which is not unusual with regard to imperfect numbers, ver. 1. But Jeremias (lii. 21,) agrees with this passage; and the book of Paralipomenon may not have included a cubit of solid metal at the base or plinth. (Cornelius a Lapide)
Calmet
The rest was hollow. The chapiters of five cubits, and the bases, which were perhaps as large, are not contained in the 18 cubits, which might otherwise appear to be disproportionate with the circumference of 12 cubits. The Egyptian pillars are sometimes very thick and low; and their temples bear a great resemblance with that of Solomon, than with those of the Greeks and Romans. (Calmet)
Calmet
Both. Hebrew, "the second," as if something similar had been observed of the first. (Calmet)
Menochius
But Sheni, signifies also "both, either," etc. (Menochius)
Haydock
Protestants, "did compass either of them about." (Haydock)
Circles, at equal distances, adorned these pillars, Exodus 26:32. (Atheneus 5:9.)
7:16
Calmet
Five. Comprising all the ornaments. The body was only three cubits, 4 Kings 25:17. If we include the circles, which join it to the pillar, it would be four; ver. 19, and with the rose, and ornaments at the top, five cubits high. Atheneus distinguishes three parts in the Egyptian chapiters; (1) next to the pillar, was seen a circle or wreath of flowers; (2) the stalk, out of which proceeded (3) a rose beginning to open. (Calmet)
Menochius
In the passages, which seem to contradict this text, the omission of the cornice or architrave, may cause the difference. (Menochius)
7:18
The pillars. This word may have changed places with pomegranates.
7:19
Of lily-work, seems also transposed. Calmet would translate, Hebrew, "and he made pomegranates, two rows round each net, to cover the chapiter, which was at the top of the pillar, and in, etc., (19) and the chapiter, which was above the pillars of the court, (or porch) four cubits high. And he made rows of 200 pomegranates, all round, to cover one of the crowns of the pillars, and he did the like for the other crown; (20) and he also made a chapiter, like a rose, (or lily) at the top of the pillars, above, and over-against the body, which was beyond the nets." The rose seemed to grow out of the pillar. The chapiters were not square, but of a circular form. Pelletier supposes that these pillars were of the ancient Doric order. It is certain that all the chapiter was not in the form of a lily, as the Hebrew would now insinuate, but only the top part of it, 3 Kings 5:22. The long addition of one of the crowns, etc., may be unnecessary, if the original signify either; (as [in] ver. 15) "to cover either crown."
7:20
Haydock
Chapiter, (capitelli secundi.) (Haydock)
Menochius
Villalpand thinks this "second chapiter," is rather the cornice, round which the pomegranates hung. (Menochius)
Haydock
Septuagint, "and of roses, five rows, all round, upon the second circle." (Haydock)
7:21
Temple. Against the wall, (Jeremias 52:23,) on each side of the door which leads to the holy place. The pillars might be 28 cubits high, ver. 15.
Jachin intimated that God "will establish."
Calmet
Booz means, "strength is in him." (Calmet)
Haydock
Both together might foretel the stability of the temple. "He shall establish in strength." We have already mentioned the conjecture of Houbigant, that these two pillars were erected in honour of some of Solomon's progenitors, though the former be lost in his genealogy, Ruth 4:22. (Haydock)
Jachin. That is, firmly established.
7:22
Calmet
Lily, or rose, as Susan means both. This ornament seems to have been detached from the rest of the chapiter, and one cubit high, ver. 16. (Calmet)
7:23
Calmet
Brim, in diameter. The circumference was about 30 cubits; for it is not exactly three [but pi (3.14159...)] times as much as the diameter. (Calmet)
Menochius
The latter is [approximately] as 7 to 22, with respect to the circumference. But the Scripture takes no notice of trifles. (Menochius)
7:24
Haydock
Ten cubits. All was not therefore ornamented. Protestants, "there were knops compassing it, ten in a cubit....the knops were cast in two rows, when it was cast." (Haydock)
Calmet
The signification of Pekahim is not ascertained, whether it be "apples, balls," etc., or perhaps a corrupt word for Bokrim, "oxen," or "ox heads;" as 2 Paralipomenon 4:3, clearly explains it. (Calmet)
Menochius
There also it is insinuated, that the carvings commenced only towards the bottom, where the circumference was reduced to 10 cubits. (Menochius)
7:25
Calmet
Oxen. Josephus and the Jews would condemn Solomon for making these figures; but it is clear that his present was acceptable to God, as well as his person. (Calmet)
Menochius
Within. The oxen were of solid brass, to support such a weight. (Menochius)
Melanges
Some think that the water was discharged through their mouths. But Pelletier believes that there were cocks placed between each of the four divisions of oxen, which let water into a basin below, in which the priests might purify themselves. He supposes also that the vessel was double; the cup would contain 2000 baths, and the foot or basin another 1000, by which means he would reconcile this book with that of Chronicles. (Melanges, T. 1:p. 115.)
7:26
Challoner
Two thousand bates. That is, about ten thousand gallons. This was the quantity of water which was usually put into it: but it was capable, if brim-full, of holding three thousand. See 2 Paralipomenon 4:5, 7. (Challoner)
Worthington
The batus contained about five gallons. (Worthington)
Cornelius a Lapide
Some imagine, without grounds, (Calmet) that the measure in Paralipomenon was of a less capacity. (Vallalpand) (Cornelius a Lapide)
Salien
The smaller is called metreta, "measure," after the Greek, as it had no proper name. (Salien)
Instead of a hand's breadth, it is literally, "three ounces," or the fourth part of a Roman foot; which is equivalent to four fingers' (Haydock) breadth, or a "hand's breadth," as the Hebrew tophach implies, or a little above three inches.
Haydock
Crisped, or "full-blown lily." The Chaldean supposes it was thus ornamented. Hebrew, "with flowers of lilies," (Calmet) or "roses," Shoshan. (Haydock)
7:27
Pelletier
Bases. These were designed to wash the victims. (Pelletier)
7:28
And. Hebrew is very obscure in this and the following verse. Indeed interpreters are so little agreed about the precise signification of some of the terms, that it is not necessary to repeat their sentiments.
7:32
Calmet
Joined. Yet not so as to be immovable. (Calmet)
7:36
Calmet
Palm-trees were not expressed, ver. 29. All was in relievo, and represented in its natural posture. (Calmet)
Menochius
About. One would have taken them to be alive, they were so well executed. Hebrew, "according to the proportion of every one, and added round about," (Haydock) projecting. (Menochius)
7:39
Right side, to the south, between the temple and the altar of holocausts.
Menochius
Sea. It was the most towards the east, of the five basins, (Calmet) or near the eastern gate of the priests' court, standing to the south of the entrance, that they might purify themselves. (Menochius)
Ovid
St. Justin Martyr (apology ii.) observes that the pagans imitated this custom. But this ought not to hinder Christians from employing a thing which is innocent in itself, and calculated to make them aspire to the greatest purity, when they approach to God. (Haydock) Spargit et ipse suos lauro rorante capillos Incipit et solita fundere voce preces. (Ovid, Fast. v.)
7:40
Haydock
Shovels. Scutras may also signify "cauldrons," from their resemblance with a shield. These terms occur [in] Exodus 27:3., (Calmet) and are there properly translated, shovels, etc. (Haydock)
The Jews say there were always, at least, three things of the same species, that one might be ready in case another was defiled.
7:41
Haydock
Cords: no mention of these had been made before. The same terms are frequently expressed in a different manner, ver. 15, to 20. Hebrew, "the two pillars and the chapiters round, (Calmet) which were on the top of the pillars and the two nets to cover the two bowls of (or the two circular) chapiters," etc. (Haydock)
7:45
Fine brass (aurichalco.) Some pretended that gold was mixed with this sort of brass. But Pliny ([Natural History?] 34:2.) informs us that it came out of the mines, without dross.
Calmet
Hebrew, "polished (or refined) brass." (Calmet)
Menochius
It might resemble the Corinthian brass. (Menochius)
7:46
Calmet
Sarthan. This place was on the west, and Socoth on the east of the Jordan, near Bethsan, 3 Kings 4:12. (Calmet)
Haydock
Josue 3:16. (Haydock)
Menochius
Adrichomius places both on the east, in the tribe of Gad. (Menochius)
7:47
Haydock
Weighed. It was deemed unnecessary, and too troublesome. (Haydock)
Vatable
Hebrew, "And Solomon would not have all the vessels weighed," on account of the too great number: "the weight of the brass was not discovered." (Vatable)
7:48
Rabbins
Altar, not that on which the ark was placed, (chap. 6:20.; Calmet) though some are of that opinion; (Menochius, etc.) but perhaps the altar of incense. The one which Moses had made was probably too small, (Calmet) and reposited in the treasury. (Rabbins)
Calmet
Table. In 1 Paralipomenon 4:8., we find ten specified, one between each candlestick, in the holy place. Josephus ([Antiquities?] 8:2.) mentions an incredible number of gold and silver utensils, which are not found in Scripture; and the Rabbins are not sparing in miracles, to promote a respect for the temple. No venomous creature, they say, was ever seen in Jerusalem; nor did man seek for lodgings in vain, etc. The priests were so numerous, that the same person had never to offer the perpetual sacrifice or incense twice in his life. No one durst spit in the temple, nor turn his back on the altar, etc. (Calmet)
7:51
Worthington
Dedicated. Literally, "sanctified," (Haydock) or set apart. (Worthington)
Menochius
Gold, unwrought. (Menochius)
7:21
7:26
Two thousand bates.... That is, about ten thousand gallons. This was the quantity of water which was usually put into it: but it was capable, if brimful, of holding three thousand. See 2 Par. 4.5.
7:21
Firmnes.
in strength.
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A vessel so 〈…〉 for the 〈…〉 being 〈…〉.
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•atus contayned 〈…〉.
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Had designed and dedicated to holie vses.
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Origene † 254 d.C. Origen's Commentary on the Gospel of John 10.25
It is worth while to enquire how, on the one hand, Solomon the king is said to have built the temple, and on the other the master-builder whom Solomon sent and fetched,
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san Girolamo † 420 d.C. The Letters of St. Jerome 60.12
In Quintus Fabius antiquity admired a nobleman and the author of a history of Rome, yet his paintings gained him more renown than his writings. Our own Bezaleel also and Hiram, the son of a Tyrian woman,
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papa san Gregorio I Magno † 604 d.C. The Book of Pastoral Rule 2.5
… Hence also it is that before the doors of the temple the brazen sea for washing the hands of those who enter, that is the laver, is supported by twelve oxen (
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DOMUM AUTEM SUAM ÆDIFICAVIT SALOMON TREDECIM ANNIS. — Tres domos hisce tredecim annis ædificavit Salomon, scilicet domum suam, domum filiæ Pharaonis reginæ, et domum saltus Libani, patet vers. 2 et 8; has enim tres domos fuisse distinctas patet ex seq. Itaque censent Lyranus, Abulensis, Cajetanus, Dionysius, Hugo, Vatablus et alii passim. Hæ tamen tres domus, III Reg. 12, 10, et II Paralip. viii, 1, vocantur una domus, quia erant contiguæ et connexæ, ita ut non tam tres domus, quam tres partes vel tria membra unius ejusdemque domus esse viderentur. Sic enim palatium regis vel Pontificis plures in se habitationes, et quasi plura palatia comprehendit. Ita Josephus, Vilalpandus, Pineda et alii. Porro sicut David domum suam regiam ædificavit in Occidentali parte montis Sion juxta templum, sic Salomon suum palatium ædificavit in Orientali parte ejusdem montis Sion juxta templum, tum ut templum totumque montem Sion hisce duabus domibus, quasi duabus arcibus muniret; tum ut ex iis urbem Jerusalem eis subjectam defenderet, ut in officio contineret; tum ut facile templum adire, Deoque litare et sacrificare posset. TREDECIM ANNIS. — Pluribus annis, ideoque tardius ædificata est regia quam templum; hoc enim septem annis perfectum fuit, ut dictum est cap. vi, 37. Causa fuit prima, devotio et fervor Salomonis urgentis opus templi, quasi domus Dei; secunda, quia ad templi fabricationem materiam omnem et sumptus jam ante præparaverat David; tertia, quia populus fabricam templi ardentius juvit et promovit. Ita Josephus. Adde, Salomonem his tredecim annis tres domos ædificasse, scilicet suam, reginæ, et saltus Libani. Ita Abulensis.
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2. ÆDIFICAVIT QUOQUE DOMUM SALTUS LIBANI. — Erat hæc domus ad elegantiam, amenitatem et recreationem comparata. Sed cur dicitur a «saltus,» sive sylva «Libani?» Respondeo primo, quia in loco sylvoso montis Sion, ac instar Libani arboribus et viridariis cincta. Nam «saltus» proprie dicitur densior sylva et invia, quod ibi arbores saliant, in quo æstivare et pasci pecudes solent, ait Valla, lib. IV. Unde II Paralipom. ix, 16, ubi nos habemus «posuitque ea (scuta) rex in armamentario, quod erat consitum nemore;» Hebræi et Septuaginta habent, posuit scuta in domo saltus Libani. In hac enim domo Salomon reposuit arma militaria, ibique erat ejus armamentarium. Secundo, quia domus hæc constructa erat ex lignis Libani. Ita Abulensis et Serarius. Tertio, quia suis nemoribus, amœnitate, viriditate, umbra speciem Libani referebat. Quarto, quia multitudine columnarum cedrinarum cedros Libani imitabatur. Ita Theodoretus. Quinto, quia ex ea prospici poterat Libanus, ejusque aura et frigus tempore æstivo captari et excipi. Ita Arias. Unde Josephus et Chaldæus eam vocant domum refrigerii. Perperam ergo Guilielmus Tyri Episcopus, lib. XVIII Belli sacri, censet hanc domum dici «saltus Libani,» quod in monte Libano foret ædificata. Sita enim erat in Jerusalem et in monte Sion. ET QUATUOR DEAMBULACRA INTER COLUMNAS CEDRINAS. — Nota: Domus saltus Libani inferne, sive sub se habebat hæc quatuor deambulacra, ita videlicet ut inferne in longum porrecti essent tres ordines columnarum intercepti inter duos parietes domus: inde enim spatiis intermediis necessario exsurgebant quatuor deambulacra. Quisque autem columnarum ordo habebat quindecim columnas in longum, æqualiter ex adverso columnarum aliorum duorum ordinum dispositas, ita ut inter tres columnarum ordines duo essent ambulacra, atque tertium foret inter unum columnarum ordinem et parietem domus ex uno latere, quartum vero inter alium columnarum ordinem et parietem ex altero adversoque latere. Quare hæc ambulacra tam longa erant, quam erat ipsa domus. Vide Abulensem, Quæst. II et seq.
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3. ET TABULATIS CEDRINIS VESTIVIT TOTAM CAMERAM. — «Cameram» vocat fornicem: hæc enim fit opere concamerato, estque ipsa domus concameratio.
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6. ET PORTICUM COLUMNARUM FECIT QUINQUAGINTA CUBITORUM LONGITUDINIS, ET TRIGINTA CUBITORUM LATITUDINIS. — Ita videlicet ut longitudo porticus hujus annecteretur latitudini domus saltus Libani, quæ etiam erat quinquaginta cubitorum: latitudo vero porticus annecteretur longitudini domus ejusdem transversim: unde fiebat ut domus centum cubitorum longitudinis, additis hisce 30 cubitis latitudinis porticus, evaderet longa 130 cubitos. ET ALTERAM PORTICUM IN FACIE MAJORIS PORTICUS, — q. d. Salomon «in facie,» id est ante hanc porticum majorem adhærentem domui saltus (erat enim porticus hæc domus ipsius quasi introitus et vestibulum) fecit aliam minorem porticum, ad majoris porticus proportionatam gradationem, decus et ornamentum.
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7. PORTICUM QUOQUE SOLII IN QUA TRIBUNAL EST FECIT. — Est hæc tertia porticus, non vestibularis, sed judiciaria, ideoque non domui saltus Libani annexa, uti duæ priores jam dictæ, sed separata, et per se consistens, non longe tamen ab aliis duabus, et a domo saltus Libani dissita. Hæc porticus vocatur «solii,» quia in ea erat solium Salomonis regale et judiciarium, statuis leonum circumseptum, de quo cap. x, 18. Ita Abulensis et Pineda.
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8. ET DOMUNCULA IN QUA SEDEBATUR AD JUDICANDUM, ERAT IN MEDIA PORTICU, — q. d. In tertia hac porticu erat domuncula, in qua erat solium sive thronus Salomonis jam dictus, juxta quem et circa quem humiliores erant throni sive sedes, in quibus sedebant consiliarii et principes cum Salomone judicaturi, quasi ejus assessores: ex quibus omnibus conflabatur judiciale tribunal, pluribus judicum sedibus constans, quod domuncula quadam claudebatur, et quasi tegebatur, ut assessores cum Salomone de re quapiam inter se secreto consultaturi, vel sententiam dictaturi, semoti essent a litigantibus, et a populo, qui circumcirca in porticu ambulabat, vel ad judicium veniebat. Quare domuncula hæc fuit minor quædam ædicula; compacta ex cedro, et undecumque clausa, DE TYRO FILIUM MULIERIS VIDUÆ DE TRIBU NEPHTALI, PATRE TYRIO. — To de tribu Nephtali refer non ad mulieris viduæ, sed ad Hiram artificem. Hic enim fuit ex tribu Nephtali, ut patet ex Hebræo, Chaldæo et Septuaginta; mater vero ejus fuit ex tribu Dan, ut dicitur II Paral. II, 13. que clausa, ut contineret solum regem cum suis consiliariis, habens tamen suum ostium, per quod litigantes aliique jus suum vel gratiam quampiam postulantes ad solium regis accederent, et ab eo vel jus vel gratiam flagitarent et impetrarent. Habens etiam fenestras plures, ut iis apertis rex sententiam pronuntians, vel jus dicens, aut quid aliud promulgans a toto populo videri et audiri posset. Erat enim hoc quasi prætorium Salomonis. Ita Lyranus, Dionysius, Salianus et Pineda, lib. VII De Rebus Salomonis, cap. vii. DOMUM (palatium) QUOQUE FECIT FILIÆ PHARAONIS, — quasi primariæ suæ uxori et reginæ. Causa datur II Paral. viii, 11, ubi dicitur: «filiam vero Pharaonis transtulit de civitate David in domum quam ædificaverat ei. Dixit enim rex: Non habitabit uxor mea in domo David regis Israel, eo quod sanctificata sit, quia ingressa est in eam arca Domini.»
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9. OMNIA LAPIDIBUS PRETIOSIS, — scilicet facta erant e marmore, vel pario, vel porphyretico, vel ophite, sive serpentino, etc., nimis enim pretiosum fuisset in domo tam vasta omnia ex gemmis, scilicet ex smaragdis, carbunculis, adamantibus, etc., fabricare. «Lapis ergo pretiosus» vocatur hic marmor pretiosum. ET EXTRINSECUS (male quidam legunt, intrinsecus) USQUE AD ATRIUM MAJUS. — Hinc patet, præter tres porticus jam dictas fuisse in domibus hisce Salomonis atrium majus, de quo vers. 12; porticus enim ex eodem lapide pretioso sive marmore factæ videntur, ex quo ipsa domus, ut hic locus insinuat.
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11. SIMILITERQUE DE CEDRO, — q. d. Cedri adhibitæ ad fabricam domorum Salomonis æquali mensura sectæ et aptatæ sunt, sicut secti erant lapides pretiosi earumdem.
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12. Et atrium majus rotundum (in domibus Salomonis jam dictis vers. 9, subaudi fabricavit Salomon), TRIUM ORDINUM DE LAPIDIBUS SECTIS, ET UNIUS ORDINIS DE DOLATA CEDRO: NEC NON IN ATRIO DOMUS DOMINI INTERIORI, ET IN PORTICU DOMUS, — q. d. Sicut Salomon in atrio templi interiori, id est in atrio sacerdotum, fecit murum habentem tres ordines lapidum sectorum, et unum de dolata cedro, ut hoc muro separaret atrium interius sacerdotum ab atrio exteriori laicorum, uti dictum est, cap. vi, 36; sic prorsus idem fecit in atriis domorum a se ædificatarum, et in porticu. Dices: Atrium sacerdotum æque ac laicorum, erat quadratum, ut dixi cap. vi, vers. 36, quomodo ergo hic dicitur rotundum? Respondeo: Erat quadratum constans septenis areis quadratis; dicitur tamen rotundum, quia circumcirca cinctum erat tribus ordinibus lapidum jam dictis. Unde pro rotundum Hebraice סביב sabib, id est circumcirca, sive in circuitu, qui circuitus hic erat quadratus, non rotundus. Ita Pineda, lib. V, cap. avi, in fine.
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14. MISIT QUOQUE REX SALOMON, ET TULIT HIRAM Dices: Quomodo ergo pater Hiram dicitur fuisse Tyrius? Respondeo: Hiram gente erat Judæus, puta Nephtalita; sed habitatione et exercitio artis erat Tyrius. Tyri enim habitabat, ibique artem affabre laborandi didicerat et exercuerat. Ita S. Hieronymus, Hebræi, Lyranus, Cajetanus et alii. Sic S. Paulus vocatur Tharsensis, quia Tharsi erat natus et educatus, cum gente et genere esset Hebræus.
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15. ET FINXIT DUAS COLUMNAS ÆREAS, — BOOZ et Jachin. Hæ duæ columnæ templi fusæ hic describuntur usque ad vers. 23. DECEM ET OCTO CUBITORUM ALTITUDINIS COLUMNAM UNAM. — Intellige quoad stipitem sive scapum columnæ, nam II Paralip. III, 15, dicitur quælibet columna fuisse 35 cubitorum, scilicet addendo quoque et supputando quantitatem basis, capitis et coronæ, qua in apice ornabatur. Ita Abulensis, Lyranus et Cajetanus. Verum hæc in justa architecturæ proportione non possunt ascendere ad tantam altitudinem, ut ipsi columnæ pene æquentur. Quare melius alii respondent quod utraque columna simul juncta erat 35 cubitorum: licet enim universim esset 36 cubitorum (nam bis octodecim faciunt 36), tamen in utraque medius cubitus insertus erat suo capitello, in eoque absconditus non apparebat. Ita Vatablus et Ribera, lib. II De Templo, cap. xii. Tertio, et verisimillime, Vilalpandus, lib. V, cap. v, et ex eo Salianus respondent singulas columnas cum basi sua fuisse septemdecim cubitorum cum dimidio, seclusa plintho quæ absolvit decimum octavum. Seclusionis autem plinthi causa fuit, quod reliqua columna cum sua basi cava foret, quam propterea oportuit super solidam plinthum inniti, ideoque seorsim a columna plinthum fundi; plinthus enim est ultima pars basis, quæ spiris subjacet, ita dicta quod πλίνθον, id est laterem, forma sua repræsentet (unde et Gallice vocantur plinthes); plinthus enim est exæquata latitudine velut tabula. Unde et apud Vitruvium, lib. III, cap. ii, spirarum plinthides, sunt plinthi basium. Plinthus ergo, id est ima pars basium hic non computatur, quia hanc architectus prudenter solidam fundere voluit, ut totum opus columnæ, quæ cava erat, firmius sustentaret et contineret: utraque igitur columna simul juncta erat 35 cubitorum seclusa plintho, quia quælibet erat alta septemdecim cubitos cum dimidio; hos enim duplica, et habebis 35 cubitos. ET LINEA DUODECIM CUBITORUM AMBIEBAT COLUMNAM UTRAMQUE. — Hebraice, et filum duodecim cubitorum circuibat columnam secundam: si secundam, ergo et primam: erant enim hæ duæ columnæ omnino æquales et pares. Per lineam, vel, ut Hebraice est, filum, intellige mensuram: filo enim mensuramus rerum crassitiem, q. d. Columnæ hæ in ambitu et crassitie habebant mensuram duodecim cubitorum: «linea» ergo notat peripheriam, sive circumferentiam. Jam Vilalpandus, et ex eo Salianus volunt non unam, sed «utramque» columnam simul junctam habuisse hanc duodecim cubitorum mensuram, ita ut dimidia pars lineæ sive fili 12 cubitorum ambiret unam columnam, altera pars fili alteram: sic ut una columna fuerit crassa sex cubitos, et totidem altera, ac consequenter utraque simul crassa fuerit 12 cubitos: hoc enim exigit symmetria et proportio, ut cum quælibet columna esset alta 18 cubitis, crassa non esset nisi sex cubitis: altitudo enim est tripla ad crassitiem. Verum unamquamque columnam crassam fuisse 12 cubitos diserte docet Josephus et Jeremias, cap. lii, vers. 21, ubi columnas has a Chaldæis Jerusalem vastantibus abductas describens ait: «Funiculus duodecim cubitorum circuibat eam,» scilicet columnam unam. Sic et Septuaginta hic: Et perimetrum, inquiunt, duodecim cubitorum filum ambiebat eam (columnam primam), et sic columna secunda, scilicet erat pariter 12 cubitorum, etc., et Chaldæus, et filum, inquit, duodecim cubitorum ambiebat illam, et sic fecit columna secunda. Erant ergo hæ non tam columnæ ad symmetriam et proportionem architectonicam columnarum fabricatæ, quam moles et turres, vel arces quædam ingentes æneæ ad templi magnificentiam et munimen erectæ. Sic Romæ columna Trajana (æque ac alia Antonini Imperatoris) est crassissima instar turris, adeo ut plures viri expansis brachiis eam in circuitu complecti nequeant. Unde et intrinsecus continet cochleam, qua per gradus ab imo ad summum conscenditur. Denique prisci alias fabricarum suarum rationes et proportiones spectabant, diversas ab iis quas spectavit Vitruvius et posteriores architecti. Ita Sanchez, Vatablus, Pagninus et alii. Porro addit Jeremias, columnas has intrinsecus cavas fuisse, ita tamen ut grossitudo æris extrinsecus esset quatuor digitorum in circuitu. Unde Vilalpandus, lib. V, cap. xxxvii, hasce mensuras justa proportione in sua opinione librans, censet singulas hasce columnas ponderasse quinque talentorum millia, utramque vero decem talentorum millia. Addit Eupolemus apud Eusebium, Salomonem totas columnas vestivisse auro ad crassitudinem digiti unius. Unde colligit Vilalpandus in columnis his auro vestiendis expensos fuisse 95 milliones. Denique si columna in circuitu habebat 12 cubitos crassitiei: ergo in circuitu sive circuli hujus diametro habebat 4 cubitos: diameter enim est tertia pars peripheriæ sive circuli: circulus enim continet diametrum ter, et insuper septimam ejus partem; quare inter diametrum et circulum illa est proportio, quæ est inter septem et viginti duo. Ita Abulensis, Ribera, Vatablus. Porro in proportione et symmetria crassitiei ad altitudinem spectatur crassities non tam circuli, vel circuitus, quam diametri. Cum ergo columna hæc in diametro crassa fuerit duntaxat 4 cubitos, alta vero 18 cubitos, fuit ea proportio inter crassitiem et altitudinem, quæ est inter 4 et 18, quæ satis est æqua et congrua. Columnarum enim proportiones ab hominum dimensionibus et proportionibus desumptæ sunt. Videmus autem inter homines alios esse graciles, sed altos, alios vero crassos et breves; quia quod natura dat crassitiei, hoc demit altitudini: his ergo similis fuit hæc columna crassa et brevis. Adde, columnam hanc præter 18 cubitos sui scapi sive stipitis, insuper habuisse 5 cubitos capitelli, qui juncti 18 faciunt 23, ergo columna quælibet alta erat 23 cubitis.
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17. ET QUASI IN MODUM RETIS ET CATENARUM, etc., — q. d. Capitella hæc cingebantur fasciis quibusdam æneis (ait Josephus) in modum retis sive catenarum, quæ habebant per intervalla aperturas quasi annulos et cancellos, per quos capitellorum elegantia (erant enim liliata, ait Josephus, sive habebant formam liliorum) appareret. SEPTENA VERSUUM RETIACULA IN CAPITELLO UNO, — q. d. Hæ fasciæ jam dictæ septies circuibant capitella singula, ita ut quasi septem fasciarum versus sive ordines et gyros efficerent: versus ergo vocat gyros.
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18. ET PERFECIT COLUMNAS, ET DUOS ORDINES PER CIRCUITUM RETIACULORUM SINGULORUM, UT TEGERENT CAPITELLA, — q. d. Singula capitella, et consequenter singulæ columnæ, habebant duo retiacula, sive duplicem coronam reticulatam et cancellatam, quæ instar retis ambiebat capitellum, illudque tegebat et ornabat. Ita Sanchez. Melius Ribera per «duos ordines retiaculorum» accipit duos ordines malogranatorum ex retiaculis dependentium. Id patet ex Hebræo et Septuaginta, qui habent: Duo ordines malogranatorum æneorum retibus contexti, opus pensile, ordo super ordinem; et ex Josepho, qui ait: «Dependebant inde duæ series malorum punicorum ducentorum numero.» Sensus ergo est, q. d. Singuli septeni versus, sive gyri, retiaculi utriusque columnæ habebant duos ordines malogranatorum: centum enim malogranata in medio singulorum versuum sive gyrorum interposita et quasi inserta erant, ut patet II Paralipom. cap. III, vers. 16, reliqua vero centum malogranata ex iisdem versibus sive gyris alterne suspensa dependebant, ita ut bini ordines malogranatorum singulis retiaculis jungerentur, ut dicitur II Paralipom. cap. IV, 13. UT TEGERENT CAPITELLA, QUÆ ERANT SUPER SUMMITATEM MALOGRANATORUM, — q. d. Fecit hæc duo retiacula, ut tegerent et circumdarent capitellum, quæ retiacula in septenos versus, sive gyros, distributa erant super summitatem malogranatorum: nam superior versus, sive gyri pars erat super summitatem malogranatorum appensorum, sive ex gyro inferne dependentium. Ita Ribera, lib. II, cap. xiv. Additur II Paral. III, 16: «Nec non» fecit «quasi catenulas in Oraculo,» q. d. Hæ fasciæ catenarum, sive hæc retiacula catenata erant talia, qualia erant illa quæ fabricata erant in Oraculo, sive in Sancto sanctorum. Ita Ribera, lib. II, cap. xiv. Aliter Cajetanus: «Fecit, ait, catenas in Oraculum,» id est ad mysterium et significationem, scilicet ut catenæ illæ significarent, et tacite loquerentur futuram regni illius sive Israelis captivitatem. EODEM MODO FECIT ET CAPITELLO SECUNDO. — Puta in capitello secundæ columnæ.
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19. CAPITELLA AUTEM, QUÆ ERANT SUPER CAPITA COLUMNARUM, QUASI OPERE LILII, FABRICATA ERANT IN PORTICU QUATUOR CUBITORUM. — Locus hic totus valde obscurus et implexus est: unde a variis varie exponitur, sed ut breviter et clare eum explices: Nota, quælibet harum duarum columnarum habebat tria capitella; primum et imum erat, quod proxime stipiti, sive stylo et scapo columnæ erat impositum, unde proprie vocatur epistylium, II Paralipom. cap. IV, vers. 12, eratque altum tres cubitos, ut dicitur IV Regum cap. ult. vers. 17. Secundum capitellum erat imo, sive epistylio, impositum, ac tegebatur retiaculo jam dicto, in quo visebantur duo ordines malogranatorum; supra hoc secundum exstabat tertium capitellum. Ita Ribera. Hoc vers. 19, describitur capitellum imum, sive epistylium. Sensus ergo est, q. d. In duabus hisce columnis capitella ima, quæ erant super capita columnarum, id est quæ summitati scapi sive stipitis columnarum incumbebant, ideoque epistylia vocantur, erant fabricata in formam lilii, idque «in porticu quatuor cubitorum,» id est ita ut versus porticum, hoc est in latum, non vero in altum, essent quatuor cubitorum: nam in altum erant trium duntaxat cubitorum, ut dixi. Unde Septuaginta pro «in porticu» vertunt, juxta vestibulum. De secundo capitello jam dictum est vers. 16 et seq., nam circa illud erat retiaculum habens duos ordines malogranatorum. De tertio, sive summo, capitello dicetur vers. proximo. Sic Vitruvius, et ex eo Architecti columnis triplex imponunt capitellum, nimirum epistylium, zophorum et coronicem. Epistylium est capitellum, quod proxime stylo, sive scapo, columnæ imponitur. Zophorus est illud, quod inter epistylium et coronicem interponitur, quod pulvinatis sæpe figuris visitur ornamentisque diversis instructum. Galli vocant la frize, sicut hic capitellum secundum quasi zophorus retiaculis septenorum gyrorum ac duobus ordinibus malogranatorum ornabatur. Coronicem vocant ipsam coronidem capitelli. Vilalpandus censet tria hæc capitella simul juncta fuisse quinque cubitorum, ut dicitur vers. 16, ita ut epistylium fuerit trium cubitorum, ut habetur IV Reg. ult. 17, zophorus vero duorum cubitorum, coronis denique unius. Alii tamen illos quinque cubitos soli secundo capitello, utpote quod solum habebat retiaculum, attribuunt, cui addunt tres cubitos epistylii, et aliquot coronicis. Verum sic capitellum fuisset in quantitate dimidium columnæ: hæc enim erat 18 duntaxat cubitorum. Quare ut inter capitella et columnam congrua sit proportio, potius dicendum videtur, omnia capitella non excessisse mensuram quinque cubitorum, hæc enim proportionem architectonicam habent cum columna 18 cubitorum.
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20. ET RURSUM ALIA CAPITELLA IN SUMMITATE COLUMNARUM DESUPER, JUXTA MENSURAM COLUMNÆ CONTRA RETIACULA. — Hic agitur de tertio, sive summo capitello, quod erat quasi coronis columnæ addita, «contra retiacula,» id est super retiacula et e regione retiaculorum, quod capitellum erat «juxta mensuram columnæ,» id est habebat eamdem crassitiem, quam columna, scilicet duodecim cubitorum. MALOGRANATORUM AUTEM DUCENTI ORDINES ERANT IN CIRCUITU CAPITELLI SECUNDI, — hoc enim secundum capitellum, ut dixi, ambiebatur retiaculo, ex quo dependebant centum malogranata, et totidem inserta sive interposita erant: quodque enim retiaculum habebat ducenta malogranata. Altera ergo columna pariter in suo secundi capitelli retiaculo habebat totidem malogranata, puta ducenta. Ergo utrisque junctis erant universim 400 malogranata ex ære fabrefacta, ut dicitur vers. 42, et II Paralip. cap. iv, vers. 13. Porro dependentia malogranata præcise fuerunt tantum 96, sed Scriptura numerat centum, ut numerum integrum sive plenum assignet, et forte quatuor reliqua erant quidem, sed tecta non apparebant. Hoc est enim quod dicitur Jerem. cap. ult. 23: «Et fuerunt malogranata nonaginta sex dependentia et omnia malogranata centum retiaculis circumdabantur,» hoc est illa, quæ interposita erant retiaculis, erant centum; dependentia vero præcise non erant centum, sed 96. Ita Ribera, lib. II De Templo, cap. xiv.
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21. ET STATUIT DUAS COLUMNAS IN PORTICU TEMPLI, — quæ scilicet porticus erat templi vestibulum, ideoque erat ante Sanctum, nimirum interjecta inter Sanctum et atrium sacerdotum, de qua cap. vi, vers. 3, ita ut una columna uni portæ porticus, altera alteri astaret. Ita Vilalpandus. In primo, inquit, vestigio sanctuarii eas constituit ab utroque latere portæ aulæ sanctæ. Sic et Salianus, Adrichomius et alii. Male ergo nonnulli has columnas statuunt ante atrium sacerdotum, alii ante atrium laicorum. CUMQUE STATUISSET COLUMNAM DEXTERAM, VOCAVIT EAM NOMINE JACHIN; SIMILITER EREXIT COLUMNAM SECUNDAM (a sinistris), ET VOCAVIT NOMEN EJUS BOOZ. — BOOZ et Jachin Hebraice idem est quod directio et rectitudo, a radice כון cun, id est dirigere. Unde Septuaginta II Paral. cap. III, vers. ult. vertunt κατόρθωσις, id est correctio, directio, recta affectio. Booz Hebraice idem est quod in eo fortitudo. Unde Septuaginta vertunt, ἰσχύς, id est, vis et robur. Nonnulli, ut Beda, Abulensis, Vatablus, Ribera, censent Salomonem idem significasse duobus hisce nominibus «Jachin» et «Booz» scilicet optare se firmitatem et stabilitatem templi. Nam etiam «Jachin» subinde significat firmitatem et fortitudinem. Melius Cajetanus et alii hæc duo distinguunt, ac per «Jachin,» id est directionem, accipiunt prudentiam et sapientiam; per «Booz» vero fortitudinem et firmitatem; ut Salomon per «Jachin» significarit templum hoc miro artificio et sapientia esse elegantissime fabricatum; per «Booz» vero fortissime fundatum, munitum et stabilitum: utque iisdem nominibus suum desiderium, et votum patefacerit, q. d. Utinam Deus meum hoc templum, quasi suum Jachin dirigat, ac quasi suum Booz roboret, ut a nullo hoste, a nullo fulmine dejiciatur. Utinam Deus diutissime hoc meum, imo suum templum tueatur, dirigat et confirmet! Rursum dextra columna «Jachin,» ait Cajetanus, significabat directivum imperium tum Dei circa omnes creaturas et homines, sed maxime Israelitas eorumque templum; tum regum regnique Israel: unde utraque columna coronata erat. Sinistra vero columna «Booz» significabat fortitudinem ad exequendum ea, quæ per «Jachin,» id est per directivum imperium prudenter sunt ordinata: utrumque enim in Deo est Deique providentia, quæ sapienter et fortiter omnia gubernat: utrumque quoque regibus est necessarium. Utrumque ergo Salomon Deo est gratulatus, ac simul optavit et petiit, ut utrumque Deus in templi et populi regnique custodia ostenderet, sibique et suis successoribus ad bene regendum eadem communicaret. Allegorice, columnæ hæ templi significant Ecclesiæ sapientiam æque ac firmitatem: ipsa enim est columna et firmamentum veritatis, uti huc alludens ait Apostolus, I ad Timoth. cap. III. vers. 15. Vide ibi dicta. Quare Jachin repræsentat Doctores et Rectores Ecclesiæ: hi enim alios docent et dirigunt in viam virtutis et salutis; Booz significat Martyres virosque fortes. Unde S. Hieronymus, Beda, Eucherius et Angelomus: Columnæ, inquiunt, sunt Apostoli et Doctores, quia contemplatione ad superna sunt erecti, ac fortes fide et opere. Sunt duæ, quia Judæos et Gentiles fulciunt. Sunt ante fores templi, ut utrosque in templum, id est, in cœlum inducant. Rursum sunt duæ ita dispositæ, ut nobis in prosperis et adversis ingressum patriæ cœlestis ante oculos mentis jugiter habendum esse doceant, ut nec adversis dejiciamur, nec prosperis extollamur, sed inter utraque constantes in fide et virtute ad cœlum tendamus. Ita auctores citati. Linea 12 cubitorum, ait Beda, norma est Apostolicæ institutionis. Columnæ capitellum imponitur, quia «qui perseveraverit usque ad finem, et legitime certaverit, coronabitur,» sicut ait Apostolus: «Nam qui certat in agone, non coronatur nisi legitime certaverit.» Altitudo capitelli quinque cubitorum est; quia corona pro quinque sensuum voluptatibus animosa contemptis atque superatis redditur. Fascia cingens capitellum beatitudo est, quam Theologi accidentalem vocant: septies illud cingit, quia plurimis ex rebus hæc beatitudo oritur, et multæ sunt causæ gaudendi, septem enim pro multis ponitur. Insuper quilibet sancti in fide eminentes virtute columnæ sunt, æneæ propter firmitatem in bonis operibus, erectæ per intentionem, altæ per contemplationem, striatæ seu excavatæ per mortificationem, qua pravas appetitiones coercent et sese per carnis macerationem extenuant, quæ excavatio potest etiam ad humilitatem referri. Secundo, duo capitella duo sunt testamenta, quorum meditationi et observationi Doctores sancti et animo subduntur et corpore. Tertio, species catenarum et similitudo retis in capitellis, varietas est virtutum spiritualium in sanctis. Quarto, malogranata ducenta magnam et multiplicem eorum charitatem, unionem, concordiam, zelum significant. Quinto, capitella in florem lilii desinebant. Quid enim per lilium nisi æterna felicitas, et immortalitatis floribus redolens amœnitas designatur, in quam Sancti omnes tandem desinunt, eamdemque cum aliis prædicant, quasi in summo ostentant et promerendam proponunt. Ita Angelomus et Beda: «Quid, inquiunt, per lilia nisi supernæ claritas patriæ atque immortalitatis floribus redolens paradisi designatur amœnitas.» Plura minutiora vide apud Riberam, lib. II De Templo, cap. xv.
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22. ET SUPER CAPITA COLUMNARUM OPUS IN MODUM LILII POSUIT, — q. d. Toti operi columnarum et capitellorum quasi coronidem imposuit lilium, sive formam lilii ex eodem ære fabrefacti, tum ut decorem templi ostenderet, tum ut ejus florem a Deo postularet, ut scilicet in eo floreret pietas et Dei cultus purus et castus. Lilium enim puritatis et virginitatis est symbolum, æque ac gloriosæ resurrectionis Christi et Sanctorum, juxta illud quod Martyribus accinit Ecclesia in Officio Ecclesiastico: «Sanctorum velut aquilæ juventus renovabitur, et florebunt sicut lilium in civitate Domini;» et tempore Paschali: «Sancti tui, Domine, florebunt sicut lilium, et sicut odor balsami erunt ante te, Alleluia.» Et illud Sponsi: «Ego flos campi et lilium convallium,» Cantic. II, 1. Vide ibi dicta; et Eccli. xxxix, 19, et Osee xiv, 6, ubi multa de symbolis liliorum dixi. Salomon ergo lilium imponens templo præsentavit Christi, B. Virginis, et Sanctorum puritatem, splendorem, felicitatem et gloriam æternam: templum enim fuit figura cœli, ac cœlestis conversationis, resurrectionis et gloriæ. Tropologice, quilibet fidelis et sanctus indiget columna duplici, ut fiat templum Dei, scilicet Jachin, id est prudenti rectaque directione ad decernendum id quod agendum est; et Booz, id est fortitudine ad illud exequendum. Prudentia enim præit quasi lux, viam virtutis et sanctitatis ostendens, unde dexteram occupat: fortitudo vero sequitur quasi sinistra, ut id quod prudentia faciendum ostendit, fortiter in opus conferat. Utraque est opus Salomonis, id est Christi; quare ab eo supplicibus et assiduis precibus cuilibet est flagitanda. Neutra enim sola sufficit, sed si utraque jungatur, omnia perficit, omnia superat, hominemque ad culmen sanctitatis et in cœlum evehit: Spiritus Sanctus enim nos dirigere debet in viam salutis, ac deinde roborare, ut eam per tot hostes, tentationes, difficultates constanter prosequamur. Unde Salomon, Prov. III, 6: «in omnibus viis tuis, inquit, cogita illum, et ipse diriget gressus tuos.» Et parens ejus David crebro in Psalmis idipsum postulat, ut Psalm. cxviii, 5: «Utinam dirigantur viæ meæ ad custodiendas justificationes tuas.» Et vers. 133: «Gressus meos dirige secundum eloquium tuum,» Psalm. xxvi, vers. 11: «Dirige me in semitam rectam.» Psalm. cxxxix, 17: «Opus manuum nostrarum dirige.» Ad Josue vero ait Deus, cap. I, vers. 6, 7 et 9: «Confortare et esto robustus» ad debellandos Chananæos, «noli metuere et noli timere, quoniam tecum est Dominus Deus tuus in omnibus ad quæcumque perrexeris.» Et ad David: «Brachium meum confortabit eum,» Psalm. lxxxviii, vers. 22.
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23. FECIT QUOQUE MARE FUSILE DECEM CUBITORUM A LABIO USQUE AD LABIUM, ROTUNDUM IN CIRCUITU. — Mare hic vocat concham ingentem, quæ magnam vim aquarum capiebat, ad manus et pedes sacerdotum (hi enim nudis pedibus ministrabant in templo) aqua inde profluente abluendum. Unde vers. 26 et 31, vocatur «luter,» id est, lavacrum a fine et usu, sed a capacitate hic vocatur «mare,» idque «fusile,» id est fusum ex ære. Erat «rotundum:» unde diameter ejus erat decem cubitorum a labio usque ad labium, id est ab uno extremo peripheriæ usque ad aliud ei oppositum: altitudo ejus erat quinque cubitorum. Rursum insistebat duodecim bobus ex ære fabrefactis, qui vultibus suis respiciebant quatuor mundi plagas. Adde huic mari sive conchæ insculptæ erant effigies Cherubim, leonum, boum et palmarum. Denique mare hoc erat in atrio sacerdotum juxta altare holocaustorum, ac respondebat labro æneo, quod Moyses fecit ex speculis mulierum in tabernaculo, Exodi xxx, 18, ubi ostendi labrum hoc æque ac mare non tam repræsentasse baptismum, ut volunt Eucherius et Angelomus (erat enim labrum hoc æque ac mare non ante atrium, sed in ipso atrio), quam pœnitentiam, quæ fidelibus præmittenda est sacrificio et sacramento Eucharistiæ, uti docet S. Gregorius, hom. 17 in Evangel., ac Beda, lib. III De Tabernac. cap. ult. Vide Riberam singula applicantem, lib. II De Templo, cap. xvii. Concha hæc vasta et plena aquis, ideoque vocata «mare,» significat uberam et magnam debere esse contritionem et pænitentiam peccatoris, quæ flumina lacrymarum si non ex oculis, certe ex corde profundat, juxta illud: «Magna est velut mare contritio tua,» Thren. II, 13. ET RESTICULA (Hebraice קוה oueknoug, id est, linea; Chaldaice, filum, quod Noster vocat resticulam, id est, parvam restem sive funiculum mensoriam) TRIGINTA CUBITORUM CINGEBAT ILLUD PER CIRCUITUM, — q. d. Mare hoc, sive concha ænea funiculo triginta cubitorum circumcirca cingi et mensurari poterat, hoc est, in ambitu vel circuitu continebat triginta cubitos. Circuitus enim sive circumferentia circuli est triplex ad diametrum: quare cum diameter hujus conchæ fuerit decem cubitorum, ut dixi, sequitur ejus peripheriam sive circuitum fuisse triginta cubitorum. Notat Abulensis circuitum præcise fuisse triginta cubitorum et unius cum dimidio, quia circuitus continet diametrum ter, et insuper septimam diametri partem: sed Scriptura more suo minorem numerum omittit et supprimit. Hinc Josephus ait hanc concham fuisse semi orbis, vel potius, ut Græce est, hemisphærii forma et specie.
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24. ET SCULPTURA SUBTER LABIUM CIRCUIBAT ILLUD DECEM CUBITIS AMBIENS MARE, — q. d. In summitate continuo post labium maris vel conchæ erat sculptura quædam cingens mare, non totum, sed quasi tertiam ejus partem, quæ erat decem cubitorum: hæc autem sculptura erant duo ordines sculpturarum striatarum, de quibus proxime sequitur. Ita Ribera. Aliter Cajetanus et Abulensis, qui per «subter labium» intelligunt imam partem conchæ, quæ erat decem cubitorum, ita ut sculptura hæc totam illam ambierit. DUO ORDINES SCULPTURARUM STRIATARUM ERANT FUSILES, — q. d. Sculptura jam dicta erant duo ordines sculpturarum striatarum ex ære fuso. «Striatarum,» ita legendum cum Hebræo et Romano, non histriatarum, ut legunt codices Regii, nec historiatarum, quasi ibi depictæ essent historiæ, ut legunt voluntque alii. «Striatarum» ergo, hoc est habentium strias: striæ autem sunt canaliculi aut sulci, qui per lignum aut æs ducuntur ad elegantiam, ita ut una pars emineat, altera subsidat, quales videmus Romæ in columnis basilicæ S. Petri ex ære fusis. Ita Ribera et alii, quin et Vitruvius, lib. VI, cap. ultim.; unde Apuleius striatam frontem vocat contractam caperatamque, et quasi sulcos facientem præ tristitia.
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25. ET STABAT SUPER DUODECIM BOVES — qui anteriori sui parte, id est, faciebus suis terni respiciebant quaternas mundi plagas, sed posteriori sui parte latitabant, id est, abscondebantur sub concha quam sustinebant. Allegorice, 12 boves sunt duodecim Apostoli, qui jussu Christi fidem et pænitentiam per omnes mundi plagas prædicarunt.
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26. GROSSITUDO AUTEM LUTERIS, TRIUM UNCIARUM ERAT. — «Luteris,» id est, lavacri; Græce enim λούω, est lavo; inde λουτρόν est lavacrum. «Luteris» ergo, id est, maris ænei jam dicti, ut patet ex Hebræo, Chaldæo et Septuaginta. Frustra ergo Adrichomius luterem a mari æneo distinguit, ac luterem ponit ad Septentrionem, mare vero æneum ad Meridiem in atrio sacerdotum, ita ut inter utrumque medium fuerit altare holocaustorum, in lutere enim ablutas fuisse victimas, in mari æneo vero ipsos sacerdotes. Verum ad utramque sufficiebat mare æneum cum decem luteribus, de quibus vers. 27. Sensus igitur est, q. d. Maris ænei crassities erat trium unciarum, id est, quatuor digitorum, sive palmi, ut vertunt Septuaginta, hoc est trium pollicum, quæ est quarta pars pedis, sive palmaris crassitudo: nam uncia est duodecima pars pedis, pes autem sedecim digitos continet: tres ergo unciæ sunt quarta pars pedis, puta quatuor digiti. Hoc est, quod dicitur II Paral. iv, 5, «vastitas,» id est crassities «ejus habebat mensuram palmi.» LABIUMQUE EJUS QUASI LABIUM CALICIS, ET FOLIUM REPANDI LILII, — q. d. Labium sive labrum maris ænei erat quasi labium calicis, et quasi repandum, id est apertum recurvumque lilium. «Repandum» enim idem est quod recurvum et sinuosum, quodque retrorsum patet. Sic cervix repanda est incurva: pectus vel dorsum repandum est incurvum. Unde Plinius, lib. XIV, cap. xxii: «Ad hæc pertinet, inquit, pectorosa cervicis repandæ ostentatio.» Mystice, Eucherius et Angelomus: «Per labium calicis, inquiunt, gustus Dominicæ passionis, per folium repandi lilii patefacta claritas resurrectionis ipsius exprimitur.» Utraque enim in lavacro baptismi et pœnitentiæ abluimur. Nam, ut ait Eucherius: Christus, «qui ante passionem quidem suam quasi clausum adhuc lilium fuit: cum signis miraculorum quæ fecit clarus homo refulsit, post resurrectionem vero et ascensionem suam repandum se lilium supernæ patriæ civibus exhibuit, quod in assumpta humanitate potentiam divinæ claritatis, quam habuit apud Patrem priusquam mundus esset, ostendit. Unde in amoris Cantico lilii se vocabulo designare voluit dicens: Ego flos campi et lilium convallium. Labium ergo maris in quo sacerdotes lavabantur, quasi labium fuit calicis, et folium repandi lilii: quia lavacrum salutare quo membra summi sacerdotis efficimur, in fide nos sacrosanctæ passionis ejus a peccatorum omnium labe purificat, ac purificatos ad visionem gloriæ ipsius perennis intromittit.» DUO MILLIA BATOS CAPIEBAT. — Batus, ephi et metreta æqualia sunt, suntque decima pars cori, Ezechiel. xlv, 11, scilicet erat mensura continens tres modios: corus enim continebat decies amplius, nimirum 30 modios. Batus erat mensura liquidorum, sicut ephi aridorum, continens tantum quantum amphora Romana, scilicet 48 sextarios, hoc est aquæ uncias 960, uti multis probat Alcazar, tract. De Mensuris, propos. 14; licet Vilalpandus longe majorem faciat batum. Dices II Paral. IV, 5, dicitur mare æneum continuisse tria millia metretas, id est batos. Respondeo cum Vilalpando, Alcazario et aliis, batum fuisse duplicem, majorem et minorem, major erat sesquialter alterius, ut duo majores æquarent tres minores. Jam Vilalpandus censet batum majorem continuisse 108 sextarios, minorem 72; Alcazar vero, tract. De Mensuris, propos. 14, censet hos batos non fuisse communes, sed extraordinarios et minores, adeoque batum hunc fuisse tantum decimam partem bati. Rursum hos batos fuisse duplices, nimirum majorem et minorem, ita scilicet ut major esset sesquialter minoris. Decima autem pars bati est gomer, sive assaron, qui continet 96 uncias, hoc est octo libras duodecim unciarum. Quare putat Alcazar mare æneum continuisse Romanas amphoras 208, cum Vilalpandus ei tribuat amphoras Romanas 4500. Verum uti hæc mensura Vilalpandi est nimis magna et immanis, ita illa Alcazarii est nimis exigua, et exilior, quam ut mare vocari possit. Quare ab ordinaria et vulgari mensura bati recedendum non esse censeo, dicoque batum hic accipi communem, qui æqualis erat amphoræ Romanæ, continens 48 sextarios et uncias 960, quæ faciunt libras 80. Quare mare hoc continens duo millia batorum continebat bis mille amphoras Romanas, hoc est sextariorum nonaginta sex millia, librarum aquæ vero centum et sexaginta millia. Hi sunt bati majores bis mille, qui æquivalent batis minoribus ter mille: habent se enim sicut duo ad tria: quare batus minor continebat duntaxat 640 uncias, quæ faciunt 52 libras et 4 uncias, ut patet proportionem utriusque supputanti et inter se conferenti. Aliter respondent Cajetanus et Ribera, scilicet mare æneum cepisse duo millia batorum duntaxat, si communi modo moderate tantum implebatur; sin vero ad summum omnino apicem, cepisse tria millia batorum: et hoc significare Hebraice machaziq, II Paralip. IV, 5, machaziq enim idem est quod fortificante, id est fortiter planeque implenti capiebat tria millia batorum. Periphéria enim superior, quia erat amplissima, exiguo suo limbo paucorum digitorum facile capiebat mille batos. Liber enim Paralipomenon est supplementum libri Regum, supplet enim τὰ παραλιπόμενα, id est quæ in eis relicta et omissa sunt. Unde sæpe majorem recenset numerum. Ita Vatablus.
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27. ET FECIT DECEM BASES ÆNEAS. — Pro decem luteribus, qui his basibus sustinebantur. Id patet ex vers. 38, et II Paral. IV, 6, ubi dicitur: «Fecit quoque conchas decem, et posuit quinque a dextris, et quinque a sinistris, ut lavarent in eis omnia quæ in holocaustum oblaturi erant: porro in mari sacerdotes lavabantur.» Luteres ergo erant magnæ conchæ, sive labra et pelves, in quibus sacerdotes abluebant victimas jam excoriatas, et carnes earum dissectas, ut lotæ imponerentur altari holocaustorum ad eas Deo offerendum et cremandum: in mari æneo vero soli sacerdotes lavabant suas manus et pedes: licet enim Nathinæi victimas immolandas prius abluissent in probatica piscina, antequam inducerentur in templum, tamen illi animalia integra et viva abluebant: quare in templo, id est in atrio rursum a sacerdotibus eadem jam mactata et dissecta a sanguine et sordibus abluenda erant, ut pura offerrentur Deo in altari. Quocirca mare æneum erat in medio luterum, ac quinque luteres habebat a dextris, quinque a sinistris. Ita Ribera. Quisque autem luter capiebat quadraginta batos, ut dicitur vers. 38. Idem habet Josephus in versione Ruffini: male enim Gelenius pro batis substituit congios. QUATUOR CUBITORUM LONGITUDINIS BASES SINGULAS, ET QUATUOR CUBITORUM LATITUDINIS, ET TRIUM CUBITORUM ALTITUDINIS. — Erant ergo bases luterum quadratæ, quia latæ quatuor cubitos, totidem longæ: quare ex quaternis tabulis æneis inter se junctis conflatæ et compactæ fuerunt, ideoque juncturæ hic, ut non apparerent, tectæ fuerunt sculpturis variis, ut sequitur:
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28. ET IPSUM OPUS BASIUM, INTERRASILE ERAT: ET SCULPTURÆ INTER JUNCTURAS.
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29. ET INTER CORONULAS ET PLECTAS, LEONES, ET BOVES ET CHERUBIM: ET IN JUNCTURAS SIMILITER DESUPER: ET SUBTER LEONES ET BOVES, QUASI LORA EX ÆRE DEPENDENTIA. — Locus hic implexus est et difficilis. Omissis variis variorum explicationibus, ut breviter et clare rem totam expediam. Nota primo, «opus interrasile» vocari, quod inter tabulas ligneas, aureas vel æneas planas et quasi rasas protuberat, exstat et eminet, ut in conchis exstant et eminent capita leonum, hominum et boum, etc. Unde Hebraice est מסגרות misgerat, id est clausuræ, vel, ut Vatablus, cracturæ. Clausuras Hebræi vocant sculpturas exstantes, et eminentes, quia hæ quasi claudunt et terminant tabulam planam et rasam, puta spatia intermedia tabulæ plana. Unde Noster opus hoc interrasile, id est sculpturas has vocat «coronulas et plectas,» tum quia coronulis et floribus aliisque rebus contextis et implexis cingebantur, tum quia ipsæ sculpturæ sive effigies sculptæ vocantur coronæ et coronamenta, id est ornamenta, quæ tabulam vel rem cui adduntur coronant et ornant. Quocirca pro his omnibus est Hebraice una vox misgerot, quam Noster vertit nunc «opus interrasile,» nunc «sculpturas,» nunc «coronulas,» nunc «plectas.» Quædam enim erant in modum coronæ rotundæ, quædam alia figura et forma implexæ, quæ «plectæ» dicebantur. Hæ ergo quatuor voces idem hic significant. Possunt tamen per «plectas» accipi juncturæ ipsæ tabularum, uti est in Hebræo, ut plecta derivetur a πλέκω, id est plico, concinno, necto, jungo: nam inter juncturas tabularum erant hæ sculpturæ. Nota secundo, pro juncturas Hebraice est שלבים scelabbim, quod Pagninus vertit, vestes; Marinus, gradus; Vatablus, prominentias; sed credendum est Nostro ac Septuaginta, qui constanter vertunt, juncturas, ac Chaldæo, qui vertit, commissuras. Unde Exodi xxvi, 17, Noster et alii passim vertunt, incastraturas. Hebræa ergo ad verbum sic habent: Et hoc opus basis: clausuræ eis, et clausuræ inter juncturas et super (id est juxta vel inter) clausuras, quæ erant inter juncturas, leones, bos et cherubim. Et super (id est juxta vel inter) juncturas sic desuper: et subter leonibus et bobus copulationes, opus descensionis. Clausuras, ut dixi, vocat sculpturas leonum, boum et cherubim, etc., quæ tegebant juncturas tabularum ænearum, ne apparerent esse compactæ, sed viderentur esse continuæ, et ex eodem ære productæ, sive ut non multæ, sed una integra, et solida tabula esse videretur. Sensus ergo est, q. d. Salomon sculpsit in basibus decem luterum varias sculpturas, ut illis tegeret juncturas tabularum ænearum, inter quas sculpturas eminebant sculpturæ leonum, boum et Cherubinorum. Itaque fecit has sculpturas et effigies tam inter juncturas superiores et altiores, quæ erant desuper, quam inter inferiores quæ erant subter: addiditque sub leonibus et bobus copulationes, id est lora quædam inter se copulata et connexa dependentia, id est deorsum tendentia; hoc est enim opus descensionis, quod habent Hebræa. Apposite sculpsit hæc lora, quia boves et leones loris alligari et copulari solent. Ita Ribera, lib. II De Templo, xviii.
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30. ET QUATUOR ROTÆ PER BASES SINGULAS, — q. d. Singulæ bases impositæ erant quatuor rotis, ut huc illuc rotari et moveri viderentur. ET PER QUATUOR PARTES QUASI HUMERULI SUBTER LUTEREM FUSILES, CONTRA SE INVICEM RESPECTANTES, — q. d. Erant in basibus luterum partes quædam exstantes, quibus quasi humeris luteres sustentabantur, ex ære fusæ, et sibi invicem obversæ.
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31. OS QUOQUE LUTERIS INTRINSECUS ERAT IN CAPITIS SUMMITATE, — q. d. Os luteris, id est ipsa superior pars basis, cui luter, sive concha luteris imponebatur, erat concava instar oris, ut ei luter pariter concavus apte inseri posset, eratque in capitis summitate, hoc est erat in summitate basis. Sic enim Auctor se explicat vers. 35. ET QUOD FORINSECUS APPAREBAT, UNIUS CUBITI ERAT TOTUM ROTUNDUM, PARITERQUE HABEBAT UNUM CUBITUM ET DIMIDIUM. — Id clare explicat Josephus, dicens lib. VIII, cap. ii: «Qua parte effigies leonum et aquilarum, sic erant adaptatæ, ut connatas putares, intervenientibus inter eas palmarum arbusculis. Atque hæc rotunditas habebat altitudinis cubitum et dimidium, sed dimidius cubitus tegebatur cælaturis, et tantum cubitus apparebat.» IN ANGULIS AUTEM COLUMNARUM VARIÆ CÆLATURÆ ERANT. — Nam, ut ait Josephus, tabulæ basium cum essent quadratæ in angulis habebant columnas, id est columellas quasdam ad elegantiam, quibus latera basium utrimque inserebantur et quasi incastrabantur; et hæ habebant suas sculpturas quibus ornabantur. ET MEDIA INTERCOLUMNIA QUADRATA, NON ROTUNDA. — «Intercolumnia» vocat ipsos scapos, sive stipites basium, qui inter columnas in angulis annexis quasi medii intercedebant, q. d. Ipse scapus basium quadratus erat, non rotundus. Hebræus et Chaldæus: Ipsæ clausuræ, id est sculpturæ, erant quadratæ, non rotundæ. Clausuras, sive sculpturas, vocat ipsas bases sculptas et efficiatas. Tales autem erant rotæ, — q. d. Tales erant rotæ basium, ut viderentur posse rotari et moveri, cum reipsa essent fixæ, nec rotari possent: et idcirco habebant omnia, quæ habent rotæ veræ et rotabiles, scilicet suos axes, radios, canthos et modiolos. Modiolus in rota vocatur ipse nodus sive centrum rotæ, ex quo oriuntur radii, qui inde perducuntur ad canthum, id est ad peripheriam sive circumferentiam exteriorem rotæ.
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35. VARIAS SCULPTURAS EX SEMETIPSA, — id est non addititias, sed quasi agnatas et simul cum ipsa, ut ex ipsa basi fusæ viderentur.
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36. Sculpsit quoque in tabulatis illis quæ erant ex ære, — q. d. Sculpsit super summas tabulas basium effigies leonum, palmarum, etc. «Tabulata enim ex ære» vocat ipsas tabulas æneas inter se connexas et contabulatas. Fecit quoque decem luteres. — Ecce hi sunt luteres, quorum bases huc usque descripsit.
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39. MARE (æneum) AUTEM POSUIT AD DEXTERAM PARTEM TEMPLI CONTRA ORIENTEM AD MERIDIEM, — q. d. Ita posuit mare æneum ad Meridiem, ut tamen verteretur ad Orientem, q. d. Non plane obversum erat Meridiei, sed ei parti Meridiei, quæ nonnihil declinat et vergit ad Orientem. Denique mari æneo et decem luteribus ad abluendum victimas, adde ex Aristæa, lib. De Septuag. Interpret., post initium, fuisse in templo occulta receptacula aquarum, quæ ad diluendum sanguinem jugulatarum hostiarum funduntur, quarum fluxus tam assiduus, inquit, est, ut perennis fons videatur. Et ad hoc sunt juxta aræ basim frequentes aperturæ solis ministris cognitæ. Sed mirabilius est, et fere enarrabile subterraneorum conceptaculorum magnitudo, quæ ad quinque usque stadia per circuitum templi cuncta penetrat. Plumbeæ ad ea fistulæ quacumque per muros et templi solum, quibus omnia abluantur, mundenturque, descendunt. De hisce superius quoque mentionem feci. Allegorice et tropologice luteres decem idem significant quod mare æneum, nimirum multiplicem et uberam pœnitentiam, qua in hac vita fragili ob multiplices lapsus et labendi pericula indigemus. Quadraginta bati, quos singuli luteres capiunt, significant dies 40 Quadragesimæ, qui omnes pœnitentiæ sunt addicti. Cætera vide apud Eucherium, Angelomum et Riberam, lib. II De Templo, cap. xix, qui minutim singula applicant. Primus hoc sæculo pœnitentiæ sacramentum negavit et sustulit Martinus Lutherus, quare ipse non fuit luter, nec lotor, sed luteus et lutulentus, imo pollutor et profanator sacrorum, utpote suis poculis, ventri et Veneri totus indulgens, iisque corpus et animam conspurcans quasi «sus lota in volutabro luti,» ut ait S. Petrus, epist. II, cap. II, vers. 22.
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40. FECIT ERGO HIRAM LEBETES, ET SCUTRAS ET HAMULAS. — Pro scutras Hebraice est ياعيم, quod Chaldæus et recentiores vertunt, scopas; Septuaginta, calfactoriola; alii vertunt, fuscinas, phialas; thuribula; S. Hieronymus nunc scutras, forcipes, tridentes, nunc trullas et creagras vertit. Nomina enim Hebræa sunt polysema, et multa significant. Scutra genus est vasis profundi et circularis, cujus diminutivum est scutella; quare aliud est scutra, aliud scruta, licet Calepinus hæc duo pro eodem habeat. Scruta enim sunt usu attritæ vestes, jumentorum soleæ, clavi refixi, sulphurata, vitrorum fragmenta cæteraque similia, quæ vilissimi proxenetæ venalia habent, quos scrutarios appellant, quales Romæ videmus Judæos, de qualibus ait Horatius, lib. II, epist. 7: Vilia vendentem tunicato scruta popello. Scutra ergo vel scuta est scutella magna, ita a scuto dicta, quod instar scuti rotunda sit et concava. Hinc Lucilius, lib. VI, ait: «Scutam (scutellam) ligneolam cerebro inflixit.» Et Papias: «Scutra, ait, vas æneum æquale fundo, latum et apertum desuper.» Et Priscianus, in fine lib. III: «A scuto, ait, dicitur scutula et scutella, quasi parva scuta vel scutra.» Scutra enim litteram r mutuatur «a scetra, quæ est scutum loreum sine ligno, quo utuntur Afri et Mauritani,» ait Isidorus, lib. XVIII Etymol. cap. xii, de quo Poeta: «Lævam scetra tegit.» Porro diminutiva r simplicis mutant in l; sic a mitra diminutivum fit mitella, a capra capella, a sacrum sacellum, ab ager agellus, a piger pigellus, a miser misellus. Hamulæ, Hebraice מזרקות mizraqoth sunt vasa sparsoria vel infusoria, quibus aqua, vel vinum, vel thus spargitur et funditur. Radix enim זרק zaraq significat spargere, aspergere, quales sunt ampullæ, quibus in Missa aqua et vinum in calicem spargitur et infunditur. Septuaginta vertunt, phialas; Chaldæi, pelves; S. Hieronymus hic, hamulas, alibi phialas, alibi thuribula. Audi Columellam: Aut habilem lymphis hamulam, Bacchove lagenam.
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42. AD OPERIENDOS FUNICULOS CAPITELLORUM. — «Funiculos» vocat spiras orbiculares, quæ capitello incisæ ipsum in orbem circuibant et ornabant. Unde Hebraice est גלות כתרת gulloth ketoreth, id est convolvola coronæ; Septuaginta, vertimilia; Chaldæus, vasa rotunda coronarum; Vatablus, globos coronatos. «Funiculos capitellorum» ergo vocat media capitella, eo quod in modum funis spiras et gyros haberent; hæc enim Hebraice vocantur gulloth ketoret, quasi revolutiones coronæ, vel capita suis spiris in gyrum circumdata et coronata.
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45. OMNIA VASA QUÆ FECIT HIRAM (nam alii artifices fabricarunt vasa ex auro et argento, etc.) DE AURICHALCO ERANT. — Hebraice de ære ממרט memorat, id est terso et polito, hoc est optimo, ut vertit Chaldæus et Septuaginta, quod aurichalcum vocatur, quia rubet et fulget ut aurum. Vide dicta Ezech. I, 27, et Apocal. I, 15. Porro, «Hiram,» II Paralip. II, 13, a rege Tyri vocatur «pater meus,» quia scilicet rex eum ob præstantiam artis colebat ut patrem: «pater» enim Hebræis sæpe significat magistrum, ducem, præsidem, præfectum. Sic Joseph a Pharaone vocabatur «pater,» ob præstantiam prudentiæ et providentiæ tempore famis, Genes. xlv, 8. Sic IV Reg. xiii, 14, rex Israel Eliseum vocat «patrem,» quia eum ut Prophetam et magistrum reverebatur. Porro Josephus his vasis multa alia adjicit, primo, mensarum aurearum, super quibus instrumenta varia essent, numerum extendit ad 10000. Secundo, phialarum et spondiorum aureorum 20000, argenteorum 40000, candelabrorum 40000; œnochoarum 80000; phialarum aurearum 100000, argentearum 200000; lancium aurearum 50000, argentearum 160000; craterum aureorum 60000, argenteorum 120000; metrorum seu mensurarum Moysis, Hin, et assaron aurearum 20000, argentearum 40000; thuribulorum quibus thus adoleretur aureorum 20000, argenteorum 40000. Quibus vero ad altare holocaustorum ignis auferretur, aureorum 50000, stolarum Hierarchicarum pro sacerdotum principibus 10000; pro sacerdotibus aliis 10000; tubarum 20000, organorum musicorum, nablorum et cinyrarum ex electro 30000.
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48. FECITQUE SALOMON OMNIA VASA AUREA IN DOMO DOMINI: ALTARE AUREUM, etc., — puta altare thymiamatis in Sancto, ante Sanctum sanctorum, de quo dixi Exod. xxx, 1. Hinc patet Salomonem fecisse novum altare thymiamatis in Sancto pro veteri a Moyse fabricato, illudque vetus Moysis reposuisse in tabulato Sancti. Salomon enim omnia vasa templi nova fecit, excepta arca cum propitiatorio et cherubim; in arca enim servabatur lex in tabulis lapideis, digito Dei scripta. Arcam ergo a Moyse factam reposuit in templo, nec novam fabricavit; cætera vero omnia innovavit. Unde sequitur:
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49. ET MENSAM SUPER QUAM PONERENTUR PANES PROPOSITIONIS (novam fabricavit pro vetere a Moyse facta), ET CANDELABRA AUREA, QUINQUE AD DEXTERAM ET QUINQUE AD SINISTRAM. — Moyses unum duntaxat fecit candelabrum ex auro septiceps, sive habens septem calamos et totidem lucernas; sed Salomon pro uno hoc fabricavit quinque. De mensa hac panum et de candelabro fuse dixi Exod. cap. xxv, vers. 23 et 31. Quare hic ea non repetam. Forcipes, — hoc est emunctoria, ait Abulensis et Vatablus. Forceps enim est instrumentum, quo fervum, id est calidum tenetur, ait Festus, quod non solum forcipibus, quibus ignem struimus, sed et emunctoriis, quibus favillas lucernarum et candelarum capimus et carpimus, convenit.
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50. Mortariola — sunt vasa proprie, in quibus pilo teruntur quæ solvenda sunt, ait Nonius Marcellus. Unde S. Isidorus, lib. IV Etymol. xi: «Mortaria, inquit, dicuntur quod ibi jam semina in pulverem redacta et mortua condiantur.» Verum hoc loco Hebræum est כפות caphoth, quæ vox significat vascula curva (כפף caphaph enim significat curvare) et concava, in quibus thus vel incensum vel quippiam tale reponitur, ita Vatablus et alii; unde Septuaginta vertunt, phialas; Chaldæus et Vatablus, cochlearia. «Mortariola» ergo sunt parva mortaria, itaque vocantur vasa instar mortariorum curva et concava.
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51. QUÆ SANCTIFICAVERAT DAVID, — id est quæ David dicaverat, destinaverat et quasi consecraverat Deo in usum templi. Septuaginta: Intulit Salomon sancta (Hebraice et Chaldaice, sanctitates) David patris sui. Quæ enim Deo dicantur, adeo sunt sancta, ut sint quasi ipsæ sanctitates. Nota: In templo nil videri poterat præter marmor, cedrum, aurum, argentum; ut discas in anima sancta et religiosa dicataque Deo, nil nisi purum, solidum et pretiosum reperiri debere.
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… Nella costruzione si era fatto largo uso del cedro del Libano, donde il suo nome, Misurava 100×50×30 cubiti (ca. m. 55×27, 50×16, 50). Il tetto era sostenuto da 45 colonne del medesimo legno, suddivise in 3 file di 15 colonne ciascuna (I Reg. 7, 2-5). Nella parte superiore sulle navate laterali, vi erano delle camere destinate forse al deposito di armi mentre nelle pareti più alte della navata centrale vi erano forse le finestre …
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… Jabveh » in mezzo a vasti cortili (I Reg. 6, 36; Ier. 36, 10). A sud della spianata dove si eleva oggi la moschea el-Aqṣā erano la reggia, il palazzo per la figlia di Salomone, il quartiere del governo con gli uffici amministrativi e la corte giudiziaria (I Reg. 7, 12).
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… Par. 2, 12; Hīrām-'abhiw in II Par. 4, 16), figlio di padre fenicio e di madre israelita, inviato da H. re a Salomone, per la fabbricazione degli oggetti di bronzo occorrenti per la reggia e il tempio (ornamentazione e arredamento), descritti in I Reg. 7, 13-47. La fusione fu eseguita in un avvallamento presso il Giordano (I Reg. 7, 46), ove si trovavano terreni argillosi.
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2. - Nome (nella Volgata) della colonna sinistra del pronao del tempio salomonico, ebr. bô'az, forse per bê'ôz « in forza », riferito al tempio (I Reg. 7, 21; II Par. 3, 17). Giovanni Rinaldi
IACHIN (EBR. JĀBĪN «[EGLI] RISTABILISCE»)
IACHIN (ebr. jābīn «[Egli] ristabilisce»). - Una delle due colonne erette davanti all'ingresso del Tempio salomonico (I Reg. 7, 21; II Par. 3, 17); l'altra si chiamava Booz, con evidente simbolismo per i due nomi che formano insieme la frase «[Dio] dà stabilità con forza».
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… Era opera del fenicio Hiram, che ne aveva fuse le diverse parti nella regione del Giordano tra Sochoth e Sarthan (I Reg. 7, 23-26.39.46; II Par. 4, 2-5.10.14 sg.). …
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… Dieci conche di bronzo montate su carrelli portavan l'acqua dal m. di b., che era fisso, là dove occorresse (I Reg. 7, 27-39; II Par. 4, 6). Il re Achaz sostituì ai buoi di bronzo una base di pietra (II Reg. 16, 17), forse per rispetto al culto assiro per il toro. …
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… Secondo I Reg. 7, 28 conteneva 200 bath, secondo II Par. 4, 5 invece 3000 (ca. 800 e 1200 hl.; un bath = ca. 38 l.). Cifre che appaiono esagerate, né fedelmente trasmesse, anche se il serbatoio si …
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2. Artista di Tiro (ebr. Hīrām; Hīrām in I Reg. 7, 40; Hīrām in II Par. 14, 11; Hīrām-'abhi in II Par. 2, 12; Hīrām-'abhiw in II Par. 4, 16), figlio di padre fenicio e di madre israelita, inviato da H. re a Salomone, per la …
7:46
… madre israelita, inviato da H. re a Salomone, per la fabbricazione degli oggetti di bronzo occorrenti per la reggia e il tempio (ornamentazione e arredamento), descritti in I Reg. 7, 13-47. La fusione fu eseguita in un avvallamento presso il Giordano (I Reg. 7, 46), ove si trovavano terreni argillosi.
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… erodiano), solennemente consacrato (Ex. 30, 25-28), su cui si offriva mattina e sera l'olocausto perenne e ardeva sempre il fuoco. B) a. dell'incenso o dei profumi (Ex. 30, 1-10; I Reg. 6, 20, 22) nel Santuario, in cedro rivestito d'oro («a. d'oro»; I Reg. 7, 48), alto due cubiti, lungo e largo uno, su cui mattina e sera si bruciava l'incenso.
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Il c. fatto fare da Mosè stava prima nel tabernacolo, poi nel tempio di Salomone; questi gli pose accanto 10 altri c. d'oro, cinque in ognun lato del santuario (I Reg. 7, 49; II Par. 4, 7.20). Il c. mosaico, prima della distruzione del tempio di Salomone nel 587, sarebbe stato nascosto (Strack-Billerbeck, III, pp. 181, 718). Il c. del tempio di Zorobabele …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.