In the yeare foure hundred and foure score after the Israelites came from Aegypt, Salomon, the fourth yeare of his reigne, begenneth to build the Temple 2. The principal partes with the greatnes, forme, and ornamentes therof 〈◊〉 described. 38. It is in building seuen yeares.
1And it came to pass in the four hundred and eightieth year after the children of Israel came out of the land of Egypt, in the fourth year of the reign of Solomon over Israel, in the month Zio, (the same is the second month) he began to build a house to the Lord.Or alla fabbrica della casa del Signore fu dato principio l'anno quattrocento ottanta dopo l'uscita de' figliuoli d'Israele dalla terra d'Egitto, l'anno quarto del regno di Salomone sopra Israele, nel mese Zio, viene a dire, nel secondo mese.AND it came to passe in the foure hundred and foure score yeare of the coming forth of the children of Israel out of the Land of Aegypt, in the fourth yeare, the moneth Zio (that is the second moneth) of the reigne of Salomon ouer Israel, he began to build a house to our Lord. 〈…〉Factum est ergo quadringentesimo et octogesimo anno egressionis filiorum Israël de terra Ægypti, in anno quarto, mense Zio (ipse est mensis secundus), regni Salomonis super Israël, ædificari cœpit domus Domino. 2And the house, which king Solomon built to the Lord, was threescore cubits in length, and twenty cubits in breadth, and thirty cubits in height.E la casa, che il re Salomone edificava al Signore, avea sessanta cubiti di lunghezza, venti cubiti di larghezza, e trenta di altezza.the house, which king Salomon built to our Lord, had three score cubites in length, and twentie cubites in br•••h. •nd thirtie cubites in height.Domus autem quam ædificabat rex Salomon Domino, habebat sexaginta cubitos in longitudine, et viginti cubitos in latitudine, et triginta cubitos in altitudine. 3And there was a porch before the temple, of twenty cubits in length, according to the measure of the breadth of the temple: and it was ten cubits in breadth, before the face of the temple.E dinanzi al tempio eravi un atrio lungo venti cubiti, quant'era largo il tempio: e avea dieci cubiti di larghezza in faccia al tempio.And there was a porche 〈…〉 the temple of twentie cubites of length, according to the measure of the bredth of the temple: and it had ten cubites of bredth before the face of the temple.Et porticus erat ante templum viginti cubitorum longitudinis, juxta mensuram latitudinis templi: et habebat decem cubitos latitudinis ante faciem templi. 4And he made in the temple oblique windows.E fece nel tempio delle finestre oblique.And he made in the temple oblique windowes. And he built vpon the wal of the temple loftes round about,Fecitque in templo fenestras obliquas. 5And upon the wall of the temple, he built floors round about, in the walls of the house, round about the temple and the oracle, and he made chambers in the sides round about.E fabbricò degli appartamenti sul muro del tempio all'intorno, sulle mura della casa attorno al tempio, e al santuario fece quasi ale all'intorno.in the walles of the house round about the temple and the oracle, and he made sides round about.Et ædificavit super parietem templi tabulata per gyrum, in parietibus domus per circuitum templi et oraculi, et fecit latera in circuitu.
6The floor that was underneath was five cubits in breadth, and the middle floor was six cubits in breadth, and the third floor was seven cubits in breadth. And he put beams in the house round about on the outside, that they might not be fastened in the walls of the temple.Il piano infimo era largo cinque cubiti, e il piano di mezzo era largo sei cubiti, e il terzo era largo sette cubiti; e posò le travi intorno al tempio al di fuori, talmente che non fossero incastrate nelle mura del tempio.The loft that was vnderneth, had fiue cubites of bredth, & the middle loft was of six cubites in bredth, and the third loft had seuen cubites of bredth. And he put beames in the house round about on the outside, that they might not cleaue to the walles of the temple.Tabulatum quod subter erat, quinque cubitos habebat latitudinis, et medium tabulatum sex cubitorum latitudinis, et tertium tabulatum septem habens cubitos latitudinis. Trabes autem posuit in domo per circuitum forinsecus, ut non hærerent muris templi. 7And the house, when it was in building, was built of stones, hewed and made ready: so that there was neither hammer nor axe, nor any tool of iron heard in the house when it was in building.E nel fabbricarsi la casa, ella fu fatta di pietre lavorate, e intere: e non si sentì rumor di martello, nè di scarpello, nè d'altro strumento di ferro, mentre si edificava la casa.And the house when it was built, was built of stones hewed and perfected: and hammer, and hachet, and al the tolle of y•••• were not heard in the house when it was built.Domus autem cum ædificaretur, de lapidibus dolatis atque perfectis ædificata est: et malleus, et securis, et omne ferramentum non sunt audita in domo cum ædificaretur. 8The door, for the middle side, was on the right hand of the house: and by winding stairs they went up to the middle room, and from the middle to the third.La porta del piano di mezzo era dai lato destro della casa (del Signore): e per una scala a chiocciola si saliva al palco di mezzo, e da quel di mezzo al terzo.The doot• of the middle side was in the wal of the house on the right hand: and by wynding staires they went vp into the middle row me, and from the middle into the third.Ostium lateris medii in parte erat domus dextræ: et per cochleam ascendebant in medium cœnaculum, et a medio in tertium. 9So he built the house, and finished it: and he covered the house with roofs of cedar.E fabbricò la casa, e la messe a coperto: e la coperse con soffitta di cedro.And he built the house, and finished it: he couered also the house with seelings of cedre trees.Et ædificavit domum, et consummavit eam: texit quoque domum laquearibus cedrinis.
10And he built a floor over all the house, five cubits in height, and he covered the house with timber of cedar.E fece gli appartamenti attorno a tutta la casa di cinque cubiti di altezza, e coperse la casa con legname di cedro.And he built a loft ouer al the house fiue cubites of height, and he couered the house with cedre timber.Et ædificavit tabulatum super omnem domum quinque cubitis altitudinis, et operuit domum lignis cedrinis. 11And the word of the Lord came to Solomon, saying:E il Signore parlò a Salomone, e disse:And the word of our Lord came to Salomon, saying:Et factus est sermo Domini ad Salomonem, dicens: 12As for this house, which thou art building, if thou wilt walk in my statutes, and execute my judgments, and keep all my commandments, walking in them, I will fulfil my word to thee, which I spoke to David thy father.In questa casa, cui tu edifichi (se tu camminerai per la via de' miei precetti, ed eseguirai i miei voleri, e osserverai tutti i miei comandamenti senza mai allontanartene), io confermerò in tuo favore le parole dette da me a Davidde tuo padre.This house, which thou buildest, if thou wilt walke in my preceptes, and doe my iudgementes, and keepe al my commandementes, going in them, I wil establish my word to thee, which I spake to Dauid thy father.Domus hæc, quam ædificas, si ambulaveris in præceptis meis, et judicia mea feceris, et custodieris omnia mandata mea, gradiens per ea, firmabo sermonem meum tibi, quem locutus sum ad David patrem tuum: 13And I will dwell in the midst of the children of Israel, and I will not forsake my people Israel.E io abiterò in mezzo a' figliuoli d'Israele, e non abbandonerò il mio popolo d'Israele.And I wil dwel in the middes of the children of Israel, and wil not forsake my people Israel.et habitabo in medio filiorum Israël, et non derelinquam populum meum Israël. 14So Solomon built the house, and finished it.Salomone adunque fece la casa (del Signore), e la compì,Salomon therfore built the house, and finished it.Igitur ædificavit Salomon domum, et consummavit eam. 15And he built the walls of the house on the inside, with boards of cedar, from the floor of the house to the top of the walls, and to the roofs, he covered it with boards of cedar on the inside: and he covered the floor of the house with planks of fir.E intonacò al di dentro con tavole di cedro le mura della casa, dal pavimento fino alla sommità delle mura, e sino alla soffitta, cui egli coprì al di dentro di legno di cedro: e il pavimento della casata coperse con tavole di abete.And he built the walles of the house on the inside, with cedre loftes, from the pauement of the house to the toppe of the walles, and to the roofes, he couered it with cadre trees on the inside: and he couered the floore of the house with boordes of firre.Et ædificavit parietes domus intrinsecus tabulatis cedrinis: a pavimento domus usque ad summitatem parietum, et usque ad laquearia, operuit lignis cedrinis intrinsecus: et texit pavimentum domus tabulis abiegnis.
16And he built up twenty cubits with boards of cedar at the hinder part of the temple, from the floor to the top: and made the inner house of the oracle to be the holy of holies.E fece di legno di cedro un tavolato di venti cubiti per la parte posteriore del tempio, dal pavimento sino alla soffitta: e ne fece il luogo interior dell'oracolo, il Santo de' Santi.And he built loftes of cedre timber of twentie cubites at the hinder part of the temple, from the pauement to the higher partes: and he made the inner house of the oracle to be Sanctum Sanctorum.Ædificavitque viginti cubitorum ad posteriorem partem templi tabulata cedrina, a pavimento usque ad superiora: et fecit interiorem domum oraculi in Sanctum sanctorum. 17And the temple itself, before the doors of the oracle, was forty cubits long.E il tempio dalla porta dell'oracolo in giù avea quaranta cubiti.Moreouer the temple it self was fourtie cubites before the doores of the oracle.Porro quadraginta cubitorum erat ipsum templum pro foribus oraculi. 18And all the house was covered within with cedar, having the turnings, and the joints thereof artfully wrought, and carvings projecting out: all was covered with boards of cedar: and no stone could be seen in the wall at all.E tutta la casa al di dentro era vestita di cedro, e le incastrature del legname erano fatte con molta arte, e ornate di lavori rilevati di tornio: ogni cosa era talmente coperta delle tavole di cedro, che non compariva neppure una delle pietre della muraglia.And al the house was couered within with cede•, hauing roundels, and the ioyntes therof coningly wrought and the engrauinges standing out: al thinges were couered with bordes: neither could there a stone appeare in the wal at al.Et cedro omnis domus intrinsecus vestiebatur, habens tornaturas et juncturas suas fabrefactas, et cælaturas eminentes: omnia cedrinis tabulis vestiebantur: nec omnino lapis apparere poterat in pariete. 19And he made the oracle in the midst of the house, in the inner part, to set there the ark of the covenant of the Lord.Or egli avea fatto l'oracolo nel fondo della casa, nella parte più interna del tempio, per collocarvi l'arca del testamento del Signore.And he made the oracle in the middes of the house, in the inner part, that he might put the arke of couenant of our Lord there.Oraculum autem in medio domus, in interiori parte fecerat, ut poneret ibi arcam fœderis Domini. 20Now the oracle was twenty cubits in length, and twenty cubits in breadth, and twenty cubits in height. And he covered it, and overlaid it with most pure gold. And the altar also he covered with cedar.L'oracolo avea venti cubiti di lunghezza, e venti cubiti di larghezza, e venti di altezza, ed ei lo coprì, e lo rivestì d'oro purissimo; e lo stesso altare rivestì di cedro.Moreouer the oracle had twentie cubites in length, and twentie cubites of bredth, and twentie cubites in height. And he couered and seeled it with most pure gold and the altar also he decked with ceder.Porro oraculum habebat viginti cubitos longitudinis, et viginti cubitos latitudinis, et viginti cubitos altitudinis: et operuit illud atque vestivit auro purissimo: sed et altare vestivit cedro.
21And the house before the oracle he overlaid with most pure gold, and fastened on the plates with nails of gold.E anche la casa, che è dinanzi all'oracolo, la ricoperse d'oro finissimo, e v'inchiodò le lame (d'oro) con chiodi d'oro.The house also before the oracle he couered with most pure gold, and fastened on plates with nailes of gold.Domum quoque ante oraculum operuit auro purissimo, et affixit laminas clavis aureis. 22And there was nothing in the temple that was not covered with gold: the whole altar of the oracle he covered also with gold.E non eravi parte alcuna del tempio, che non fosse ricoperta d'oro anche tutto l'altare dell'oracolo lo coperse d'oro.And there was nothing in the temple that was not couered with gold: yea and al the altar of the oracle he couered with gold.Nihilque erat in templo quod non auro tegeretur: sed et totum altare oraculi texit auro. 23And he made in the oracle two cherubims of olive tree, of ten cubits in height.E pell'oracolo fece due Cherubini di legno d'ulivo, alti dieci cubiti.And he made in the oracle two cherubs of oliue trees, of ten cubites in height.Et fecit in oraculo duos cherubim de lignis olivarum, decem cubitorum altitudinis. 24One wing of the cherub was five cubits, and the other wing of the cherub was five cubits: that is, in all ten cubits, from the extremity of one wing to the extremity of the other wing.L'una delle ale del Cherubino avea cinque cubiti, e l'altra pure cinque cubiti; viene a dire, che vi erano dieci cubiti, dalla punta a' un'ala fino alla punta dell'altra.One wing of a cherub of fiue cubites, and the other wing of a cherub fiue cubites: that is, hauing tenne cubites, from the end of one wing vnto the end of the other wing.Quinque cubitorum ala cherub una, et quinque cubitorum ala cherub altera: id est, decem cubitos habentes, a summitate alæ unius usque ad alæ alterius summitatem. 25The second cherub also was ten cubits: and the measure, and the work was the same in both the cherubims:Parimente il secondo Cherubino era di dieci cubiti, e della stessa dimensione; ed erano ambedue dello stesso lavoro.Of ten cubites also was the second cherub: in like measure, and the worke was one in both cherubs,Decem quoque cubitorum erat cherub secundus: in mensura pari, et opus unum erat in duobus cherubim, 26That is to say, one cherub was ten cubits high, and in like manner the other cherub.Viene a dire, che l'uno de' Cherubini avea di altezza dieci cubiti, e similmente il secondo Cherubino.that is to say, one cherub had the height of ten cubites, and in like maner the second cherub.id est, altitudinem habebat unus cherub decem cubitorum, et similiter cherub secundus.
27And he set the cherubims in the midst of the inner temple: and the cherubims stretched forth their wings, and the wing of the one touched one wall, and the wing of the other cherub touched the other wall: and the other wings in the midst of the temple touched one another.E collocò i Cherubini nel mezzo del tempio interiore: e i Cherubini aveano le ali distese, e l'una delle ale toccava la parete, e un'ala dell'altro Cherubino toccava l'altra parete: e le altre ale si toccavano l'una l'altra nel punto di mezzo del tempio.And he put the cherubs in the middes of the inner temple: and the cherubs extended their winges, and the one wing touched the wal, and the wing of the second cherub touched the other wal: and the other winges in the middle part of the temple touched ech other.Posuitque cherubim in medio templi interioris: extendebant autem alas suas cherubim, et tangebat ala una parietem, et ala cherub secundi tangebat parietem alterum: alæ autem alteræ in media parte templi se invicem contingebant. 28And he overlaid the cherubims with gold.E ricoperse d'oro anche i Cherubini.He couered also the cherubs with gold.Texit quoque cherubim auro. 29And all the walls of the temple round about he carved with divers figures and carvings: and he made in them cherubims and palm trees, and divers representations, as it were standing out, and coming forth from the wall.E tutte le pareti del tempio le fece ornare all'intorno di scultura, e d'intaglio: e vi fece de' Cherubini, e delle palme, e delle figure diverse, che quasi si staccavano, e sporgevano in fuora dalla parete.And al the walles of the temple round about he graued with diuerse engrauinges and caruing: & he made in them cherubs, and palme trees, and diuerse pictures, as it were standing out of the wal, and coming forth.Et omnes parietes templi per circuitum sculpsit variis cælaturis et torno: et fecit in eis cherubim, et palmas, et picturas varias, quasi prominentes de pariete, et egredientes. 30And the floor of the house he also overlaid with gold within and without.E nella interior parte, e nella esteriore del tempio ricoperse d'oro il pavimento.Yea the pauement also of the house he couered with gold within and without.Sed et pavimentum domus texit auro intrinsecus et extrinsecus. 31And in the entrance of the oracle, he made little doors of olive tree, and posts of five corners,E all'ingresso dell'oracolo fece piccole porte di legno d'ulivo, e l'uscio era un pentagono.And in the entrance of the oracle he made litle doores of the timber of oliuetrees, and fiue corner postes.Et in ingressu oraculi fecit ostiola de lignis olivarum, postesque angulorum quinque. 32And two doors of olive tree: and he carved upon them figures of cherubims, and figures of palm trees, and carvings very much projecting; and he overlaid them with gold: and he covered both the cherubims and the palm trees, and the other things, with gold.E queste due porte erano di legno d'ulivo, e in esse erano scolpite figure di Cherubini, e di palme, e di bassi rilievi, che sporgevano molto in fuora, e le rivestì d'oro: e d'oro ancora ricoperse tanto i Cherubini, come le palme, e tutte le altre cose.And two doores of oliuetimber: and he graued in them pictures of Cherubs, and figures of Palme trees, and grauen workes standing out very much; and he couered them with gold: and he couered as wel the cherubs as the palmetrees, and the other thinges with gold.Et duo ostia de lignis olivarum: et sculpsit in eis picturam cherubim, et palmarum species, et anaglypha valde prominentia: et texit ea auro, et operuit tam cherubim quam palmas, et cetera, auro.
33And he made in the entrance of the temple posts of olive tree foursquare:E all'ingresso del tempio fece le porte di legno d'ulivo quadrate.And he made in the entrance of the temple postes of oliuetimber foure square:Fecitque in introitu templi postes de lignis olivarum quadrangulatos, 34And two doors of fir tree, one of each side: and each door was double, and so opened with folding leaves.E le due porte di legno di abete una da un lato, l'altra dall'altro lato: e l'una, e l'altra imposta erano di due parti, e si apriva, tenendosi unita l'una parte coll'altra.and two doores of firre trees, one agaynst an other: and either doore was duble, and so opened with folding leaues.et duo ostia de lignis abiegnis altrinsecus: et utrumque ostium duplex erat, et se invicem tenens aperiebatur. 35And he carved cherubims, and palm trees, and carved work standing very much out: and he overlaid all with golden plates in square work by rule.E vi fece scolpire de' Cherubini, e delle palme, ed ornamenti, che sporgevano molto in fuora; e ogni cosa ricoperse con lame d'oro, con esattamente giusto lavoro.And he graued cherubs, and palmetrees, and engrauinges appearing very much: and he couered al with golden plates in square worke by rule.Et sculpsit cherubim, et palmas, et cælaturas valde eminentes: operuitque omnia laminis aureis opere quadro ad regulam. 36And he built the inner court with three rows of polished stones, and one row of beams of cedar.E fabbricò l'atrio interiore di tre ordini di pietre lavorate e un ordine di legname di cedro.And he built the inner court with three rowes of stones polished, and one rowe of ceder timber.Et ædificavit atrium interius tribus ordinibus lapidum politorum, et uno ordine lignorum cedri. 37In the fourth year was the house of the Lord founded, in the month Zio:Furon gettati i fondamenti della casa del Signore l'anno quarto nel mese Zio:In the fourth yeare was the house of our Lord founded in the moneth of Zio:Anno quarto fundata est domus Domini in mense Zio: 38And in the eleventh year, in the month Bul. (which is the eighth month) the house was finished in all the works thereof, and in all the appurtenances thereof: and he was seven years in building it.E l'anno undecimo nel mese di Bui (che è l'ottavo mese) fu terminala la casa in tutte le sue parti, e riguardo a tutti i suoi utensili: e (Salomone) la fabbricò in sette anni.and in the eleuenth yeare in the moneth Bul (that is the eight moneth) the house was perfected in al the workes therof, and in al the implementes therof: and he was building it seuen yeares.et in anno undecimo, mense Bul (ipse est mensis octavus), perfecta est domus in omni opere suo, et in universis utensilibus suis: ædificavitque eam annis septem.
6:1
Year of the World 2092, Year before Christ 1012.; 2 Paralipomenon iii.
Calmet
Eightieth year. This chronology meets with the approbation of most people. See Usher. (Chap. 12.) Some, however, find a difficulty in reconciling it with Acts 13:20., which seems to attribute 450 years to the government of the judges. (Calmet)
Septuagint have 440; Josephus 592, though Ruffin neglects the 90 in his version; Petau 520; Severus 582; Clement of Alexandria 566; Vossius 580; Cano 590; Serarius 680.
Haydock
Houbigant would read 350 in the Acts. But Capellus would add 100 here, etc. (Haydock)
Menochius
Second of the sacred year, corresponding with our April. Syriac, Chaldean styles it "of the splendour of flowers." (Menochius)
Haydock
The Hurons, and other nations of America, call this "the moon of plants;" the Flemings, "the month for mowing," Grasmaand. Our Saxon ancestors gave descriptive names to the months. See Verstegan. (Haydock)
Haydock
At first, the Hebrews only described the months by their order; "first, second," etc. In Solomon's time we begin to find other names, taken from the Phenicians, (Scaliger) Chaldean names were adopted; (Haydock) 1. Nisan; 2. Jar; 3. Sivan; 4. Tammus; 5. Ab; 6. Elul; 7. Tisri; 8. Marshevan; 9. Casleu; 10. Thebet; 11. Schebet; 12. Adar; (Calmet) 13. Veadar, the intercalary month, when requisite, according to the lunar system, which was not perhaps yet adopted. Each of these months generally corresponded with two of ours; Nisan with the end of March and the beginning of April, etc. Septuagint here take no notice of Zio, though they do, ver. 37. (Haydock)
Usher
The temple was begun on Monday, May 21, in the year of the world 2992. (Usher)
Button
It was finished in the year of the world 3000, or in the following year, when it was solemnly dedicated. (Button.)
6:2
Calmet
House. Hebrew Habayith, "the palace" of the God of Israel, where the priests alone had access. It was surrounded by various courts and apartments, as the ancient temples were very different from ours. All these appendages sometimes go under the common name of the temple. (Calmet)
Cubits. The common one contained half a yard. The sacred cubit amounted to 21,888 inches. (Arbuthnot) (Ezechiel 43:13.)
Haydock
Calmet makes the cubit consist of 24 fingers' breadth, or little less than 20 inches of the French measure, which is greater than ours. (Haydock)
Calmet
Hence the temple would be 102 feet 6 inches long, 34 feet 2 inches broad, 51 feet 3 inches high to the ceiling. (Calmet)
Menochius
The walls are not included; else the breadth would be almost 60 cubits, the length 100, and the height 50. (Vallalpand 2:5, 14.) (Menochius)
6:3
Haydock
Temple. The porch was of the same height as the temple, though we read that it wa 120 cubits high, 2 Paralipomenon 3:4. But one word seems there to have been substituted for another, (Calmet) unless it might resemble a high tower. (Haydock)
Josephus
Before the porch were placed the two brazen pillars. The interior of it was highly adorned by Herod. (Josephus, Antiquities 15:11.)
6:4
Haydock
Oblique windows. Which were made slanting, that the light might be more easily communicated within. (Haydock)
Menochius
On the outside they were not so large. (Worthington) (Menochius)
Haydock
Hebrew, "windows to see through, shut," with lattices, (Calmet) or blinds. Protestants, "he made windows of narrow lights." (Haydock)
Calmet
Curtains might be hung before them, as no glass was yet used. (Calmet)
Calmet
These windows occupied the five cubits above the chambers, which were built on the west end, and on the sides of the temple, 15 cubits high. (Calmet)
Menochius
No windows were permitted in the holy of holies. (Menochius)
6:5
Upon the wall. That is, joining to the wall.
He built floors round about. Chambers or cells adjoining to the temple, for the use of the temple and of the priests, so contrived as to be between the inward and outward wall of the temple, in three stories, one above another.
Challoner
The oracle. The inner temple or holy of holies, where God gave his oracles. (Challoner)
Haydock
Sides. Protestants, "he made chambers round about." (Haydock)
Haydock
Some think that buttresses were used, to strengthen the building. Septuagint, "ribs," (Menochius) or sides. But there seem rather to have been three off-sets; so that the wall kept decreasing in breadth, as it grew higher, (Haydock) every ten cubits, (Ezechiel 41:6.; Menochius) and thus the upper chamber was two cubits broader than the lowest. The beams might thus rest upon the walls, and be easily changed. (Haydock)
6:6
Calmet
Temple. This was done for greater respect, and that the walls might not be injured. Ezechiel (xli. 6,) counts 33 chambers on the three sides. St. Jerome seems to double that number; while Josephus acknowledges only 30. (Calmet)
Salien has 42, or 14 in each story.
6:7
Challoner
Made ready, etc. So the stones for the building of God's eternal temple, in the heavenly Jerusalem, (who are the faithful) must first be hewn and polished here by many trials and sufferings, before they can be admitted to have a place in that celestial structure. (Challoner)
Worthington
Those who have the happiness to be chosen, will be no more disturbed with the noise or inconvenience of persecution, (Haydock) which they ought to bear in silence upon earth. (Worthington)
Grotius
Building. Screw nails were probably used. The ancient Romans wrought the mouldings, etc., of their pillars, after they were erected. The Rabbins pretend that a little worm, or stone schamir, which was brought from the earthly paradise by an eagle, or by the devil, Asmodeus, polished all the stones. Maimonides has even written a book on this famous worm. (Grotius)
Calmet
Theodoret (q. 23.) also asserts, without proof, that the stones were found ready cut, in the quarry, and that they had only to be polished. We may form a grand idea of the workmen employed by Solomon, when we consider that they were able to prepare all things, with such exactitude, at a distance. (Calmet)
6:8
Calmet
Middle side. Septuagint, "lower story." (Calmet)
Haydock
"The door of the lower story (rib or side, pleuras; Chaldean, the lower appendage) was under the right wing of the house, and a winding staircase led to the middle, and from the middle to the third story. (Haydock)
This sense is very clear. Hebrew intimates that the staircase was round like a screw, and was formed in the wall, at one end of the rooms.
Calmet
Right hand of those who entered the temple, or on the north; though the south is commonly thus designated. The doors opened into the porch, as the temple was not to be made a thoroughfare. (Calmet)
6:9
Haydock
Roofs. Protestants, "beams and boards of cedar." None of the stones appeared within, ver. 18. (Haydock)
6:10
Calmet
Height. To prevent the excessive heats. Five other cubits were also subtracted, ver. 20. Some translate, "he made also stories of all the temple, each five cubits high;" so that the three stories occupied half the height of the walls, which were 30 cubits in height, ver. 2. (Calmet)
Calmet
Covered. Hebrew, "took (or bound together) the house," etc. The roof was flat. (Calmet)
Menochius
Villalpand maintains the contrary, (in Ezechiel xli.) with Sanchez, etc. Salien gathers from many of the ancients, that the floor here mentioned, was a balustrade, or the pinnacle of the temple, (Matthew iv.) where people might walk or pray. (Menochius)
6:11
Haydock
Saying. By the prophet Ahia, as the Jews suppose he was sent thrice to Solomon. The temple had been commenced two years; (Salien) or this apparition took place after the dedication, and is related more at length; (chap. 9:2.; Calmet) though the former opinion seems more agreeable to the context, art building, etc. Instead of as for, (Haydock) we might supply stabit. "This house....shall stand;" (Salien) or simply, God looks down upon the building with complacency, and says, "This is the house," by way of eminence. As thou hast endeavoured to honour my name, I will not only fulfil my promises to David, but I will be ever ready to grant thy just requests, in this holy place, provided thou continue faithful, with thy subjects, and obey my commands. (Haydock)
6:15
Fir. Or perhaps of another species of cedar, resembling the juniper-tree. It is found in Phoenecian and in Lycia. See 3 Kings 5:8. It is doubted whether the sanctuary was also boarded, as we read that it was paved with marble. Hebrew, "with precious or costly stones," 2 Paralipomenon 3:6. But boards might be laid upon them, as they were on other parts of the temple. The magnificence of Solomon appears in his using such costly things, even where they would not be exposed to view. The floor was again covered with plates of gold, ver. 30.
6:16
Challoner
The inner house of the oracle. That is, the sanctuary, which he separated from the other part of the temple, with this partition of cedar, instead of the veil, which in the tabernacle of Moses hung before the sanctuary. (Challoner)
Haydock
It was a square of 20 cubits, extending from the western end. (Haydock)
Calmet
Hither none but the high priest was allowed to enter, and he but once a year. (Calmet)
6:17
Haydock
Itself. Where the priests were stationed. This part was double the length, but of the same breadth, as the most holy place. (Haydock)
6:18
Calmet
Out. Hebrew, "and the cedar boards of the house within, were carved with knops (fruits) and open flowers," (Haydock) alternately. (Calmet)
Worthington
At all. So the bones in the human body, though concealed, strengthen it; and monks, in their deserts, fortify the Church. (Worthington)
6:20
Pure gold. Hebrew, "reserved" by David, or "gold locked up," as most precious. Thin plates were laid on, so as to fit all the various mouldings, flowers, etc.
6:21
Haydock
Before, ver. 17. The holy and the most holy place were equally covered with plates of gold. (Haydock)
Haydock
Hebrew, "So Solomon overlaid the inner temple with gold reserved, and he made a partition with chains of gold, before the sanctuary, and he overlaid it with gold." (Haydock)
the chains were destined to fasten the doors, before locks were invented.
6:23
Calmet
Olive. Hebrew, "trees full of oil or resin," distinguished from olive trees, 2 Esdras 8:15. Vatable translates, "pine;" others, "cypress-wood." (Calmet)
Menochius
Height. Their gigantic stature served to denote the magnificence and greatness of God. They looked towards the east. (Menochius)
Calmet
Their wings extended equalled their height; so that the two cherubims occupied the whole space from north to south, (Haydock) covering the smaller cherubim of Moses. They only reached half the height of the sanctuary. Their form is not clearly ascertained. See Exodus 25:18. (Calmet)
Haydock
What will the Iconoclasts say to these images, which adorned not only the temple, which the people might behold, but also the most sacred place? (Haydock)
Menochius
Villalpand and Salien suppose, that a cherub resembled a young man in the higher parts, adorned with four wings of an eagle and a lion's skin, round his breast and shoulders, while his feet were like those of a calf. (Menochius)
Ezechiel seems to insinuate that, in the temple, the cherubim had two faces, one of a man and another of a lion, each looking at palm-trees; as these were placed alternately with cherubim, round the walls, Ezechiel 41:18, 19.
6:29
Calmet
And divers, etc. Hebrew, "and open (full-blown) flowers within and without" the sanctuary. We read also of chains of gold connected together, 2 Paralipomenon 3:5. The palm-trees might resemble pillars of the Corinthian order. (Calmet)
Haydock
It is clear that sacred pictures were authorized to be set up in the temple, for God's honour, (Worthington) though the Jews were so prone to idolatry. (Haydock)
6:31
Calmet
Corners, each piece being, perhaps, a cubit in length, so that the two folding-doors would contain ten cubits, or half the wall. But Ezechiel only assigns six cubits to this door, and ten to that of which opened into the holy place. Hebrew, "the lintel and the side posts, a fifth" of the wall; in which sense, the door must not have been above four cubits. So ver. 33, four-square is translated also, "a fourth part." But it does not appear to what it refers. Rebihith sometimes means four-square; and why may not chamishith here signify pentagonal? (Calmet)
Menochius
Many suppose that the gate of the sanctuary was of this form, (Haydock) ending in a point at the top; unless the posts were carved so as to have five angles, like a pillar. (Ribera, Templ. 2:8.) (Menochius)
6:32
Haydock
And carvings, etc. Hebrew, "and flowers full-blown." The term anaglypha, denotes a sculpture in relievo, (Calmet) or projecting. (Haydock)
6:34
Fir-tree, or some species of cedar, ver. 15.
Menochius
Double. In the large doors, other smaller were made, that the priests might pass more easily. (Menochius)
Menochius
And so, etc. Literally, "and holding each other, was opened." Both the great and the small doors might open at the same time; (Sanchez) or rather the latter would afford a passage, while the great folding doors were shut. (Menochius)
Calmet
Perhaps both the doors of the holy place and of the sanctuary were so connected, that both opened together. (Tract. Middot. 4:1.) (Calmet)
Haydock
But the sanctuary would never be thus exposed to public view. Protestants, "two leaves of one door were folding," etc. (Haydock)
6:35
And carved, etc. Hebrew, "and open flowers, (as ver. 32) and overlaid them with gold, fitted upon the sculpture;" (Haydock) so that the shape of every thing appeared.
6:36
Court of the priests.
Menochius
Cedar. Some think that the court was surrounded with galleries, supported on three rows of pillars; or one gallery was above another, on pillars of stone, with a third supported by cedar pillars. (Menochius)
Villalpand
But Josephus takes no notice of these galleries. Others think that the wall of separation consisted only of two rows of stone, with a third of wood, in all three cubits high. (Josephus, [Antiquities?] 8:2.) (Villalpand)
Haydock
But the sacred writers seem rather to indicate, that beams of cedar were fixed in the walls, at the distance of three courses of stone, even to the top. This mode of architecture is clearly mentioned, 3 Kings 7:12., 1 Esdras 6:3, 4., and 5:8., and Habacuc 2:11. The ancients admired such a variety, and deemed the building more solid. (Vit. 1:5.) Eupolemus (ap. Eusebius, praep. 9:34.) takes notice, that these beams were fastened together, in the temple, by hooks of copper, weighing each a talent. (Haydock)
Calmet
Such was the structure of the inner court. (Calmet)
6:38
Menochius
Bul, afterwards styled Marchesvan. Pagnin thinks that the former name alludes to "the inundation" of rain, at that season, corresponding with our October and November. Chaldean, "the month of collected fruits." (Menochius)
Calmet
Years. Six months are neglected, (see 3 Kings 2:11.) and as many are redundant, 3 Kings 7:1. Odd numbers are often treated in this manner. (Calmet)
Pliny
It is wonderful that Solomon could complete this most stupendous structure (Haydock) in so short a time. All Asia was 200 years in building the temple of Diana, at Ephesus, and 400 more in embellishing it. (Pliny, [Natural History?] 36:12.)
Haydock
It is reported that 360,000 men were employed for twenty years, to build a pyramid of Egypt; (Calmet) which was designed, perhaps for no other purpose but to shew the pride and magnificence of the king while living, and to contain his ashes after death. Many of the materials for the temple had indeed been collected by David, (1 Paralipomenon xxii.) so that Solomon was enabled to finish it in a much shorter time than his own palace, which took him almost thirteen years to bring to perfection. They were almost contiguous to each other, though built on separate hills. The temple occupied the whole of Moria, which was levelled a great deal, to allow space sufficient for such an amazing structure. It was thus founded upon a rock, as an emblem of the perpetuity of the true religion, which has subsisted from the beginning of the world: as may be seen at large in Dr. Worthington; who, on this occasion, gives a retrospective view of what had taken place in the Jewish state, with respect to this most important subject, during the fourth age, or for the space of the last 480 years. See Douay Bible, p. 701, etc. We may be dispensed from repeating these things after him, as they are already, for the most part, observed in the notes; where the attentive reader cannot fail to remark, that the law of the Old Testament was only a figure of that which all must now embrace. I am not come to destroy, (the law or the prophets) says our Saviour, (Matthew 5:17.) but to fulfil, by accomplishing all the figures and predictions, and by perfecting all that was imperfect, though suitable for the state of mortals in former ages. Children cannot rationally be required to attain, at once, the perfection of manhood. The painter first marks the outlines, which the colouring is calculated to efface, yet so as to render the picture more beautiful. "The cunning Jew" would therefore, in vain, allege the greater antiquity of his religion, as it prefigured and foretold the author and finisher of our faith. And Protestants will act very childishly if they suppose, with Mr. Slack, a Methodist preacher, at Whitby, that this can in any degree enervate the argument of Catholics, who always arraign them before the tribunal of the apostolic ages, in which they confess our bishops, Linus, etc., existed, and were ordained by the apostles themselves. "Setting aside the apostles, Linus, agreeably to the common opinion, was the first bishop of the Roman see, who was ordained before the martyrdom both of Peter and Paul." Campbell, 12 lect., quoted by Mr. Slack; (p. 63) who says that he was the first pope, and of course, that our religion mounts up to the age of the apostles; and, if he thinks to evade this difficulty, by saying, that the Jewish religion was more ancient still, and yet rejected, we may desire him to point out where the Scripture mentions that the religion of Christ was to be rendered more perfect than he left it; as we know from that source, that he was to establish a new law, founded on better promises than those which had been made to the Jew? How will this state of fluctuation, and this relapsing into abominable errors and idolatry, for many hundred years, accord with the promises of Christ? (Matthew xxviii., etc.) (Haydock)
Calmet
Building it. The dedication was deferred till the following year, probably on account of the jubilee recurring at that time. (Usher, the year of the world 3000.) (Calmet)
Haydock
But this is very uncertain. Salien fixes upon the year 3030, which was not a year of jubilee; and he rather thinks that the delay was occasioned by the vessels, the brazen sea, etc., which had to be brought from the other side of the Jordan. We may also recollect, that the rainy season was set in before the temple was quite finished; so that it would have been very inconvenient for all Israel to assemble at that time. After the dedication, the temple continued to be adorned, till it was destroyed by Nebuchadonoser, (Haydock) in the year 3416, and lay in ruins fifty-two years, when the Jews were authorized by Cyrus to rebuild it. They could not however finish the work, so as to proceed to a fresh dedication, till the reign of Darius Hystaspes, in the year 3489. Herod undertook to rebuild (Button) the greatest part of this second temple, and to adorn it, in the most magnificent manner, in the year 3986. This place was honoured by the presence of the Son of God, who foretold the destruction, which took place within that generation, [in] A.D. 70. (Haydock)
6:5
Upon the wall, i. e., joining to the wall.—Ibid. He built floors round about.... Chambers or cells adjoining to the temple, for the use of the temple and of the priests, so contrived as to be between the inward and outward wall of the temple, in three stories, one above another.—Ibid. The oracle.... The inner temple or holy of holies, where God gave his oracles.
6:7
Made ready, etc.... So the stones for the building of God’s eternal temple in the heavenly Jerusalem, (who are the faithful,) must first be hewn and polished here by many trials and sufferings, before they can be admitted to have a place in that celestial structure.
6:4
Narovv vvithout & broad vvithin.
6:7
〈…〉
6:16
Holie of holies or most holie place.
6:18
Stones in buildinges, and bones in •••ng bodies represent the state of religious persones who being hidde in their Monisteties and c•ll•s, so much the more fortifie the Church, by how much 〈◊〉 they appeare abrode. because their office is not to t••ch, but to mourne. S. Bernard. Ser. 64.
6:29
It is a clere 〈◊〉 that al •ar ued & grauen pictures, or images were not vnlawful, but were religiously made & sette in the holie Temple, for the more honour of God.
6:37
The end of the fourth age.
6:1
Origene † 254 d.C. Origen's Commentary on the Gospel of John 10.22
… For it is written in the third Book of Kings, that they prepared the stones and the wood three years, and in the fourth year, in the second month,
san Giovanni Crisostomo † 407 d.C. A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 29
… 18 .) Then the settlement. “And when he had destroyed seven nations in the land of Canaan, He divided their land to them by lot.” ( v. 19 .) And the time was long; four hundred and fifty years. “And after that He gave unto them judges about the space of four hundred and fifty years, until Samuel the prophet.”
6:4
Origene † 254 d.C. Origen's Commentary on the Gospel of John 10.25
… creation, and Hiram for the man whom he assumed, from the constraint of men—for the word Tyrians means “constrainers”—the man who derived his birth from nature, and being filled with all manner of art and wisdom and understanding, was brought in to cooperate with the first-born of all creation, and to build the temple. In this temple there are also windows,
6:7
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. Expositions on the Book of Psalms 132.5
5. “Lo, we heard of the same at Ephrata” ( ver. 6 ). What? A place for the Lord. “We heard of it at Ephrata: and found it in the plains of the forests.”
6:8
Origene † 254 d.C. Origen's Commentary on the Gospel of John 10.24
… Is it not living stones that are hewn without any noise or tumult somewhere outside the temple, so that they are brought ready prepared to the place which awaits them in the building? And there is some sort of an ascent about the temple of God, not with angles, but with bends of straight lines. For it is written,
6:10
Origene † 254 d.C. Origen's Commentary on the Gospel of John 10.24
… For it is written, “And there was a winding staircase to the middle, and from the middle to the third floor;” for the staircase in the house of God had to be spiral, thus imitating in its ascent the circle, which is the most perfect figure. But that this house might be secure five ties are built in it,
6:16
Origene † 254 d.C. Origen's Commentary on the Gospel of John 10.24
… But the place of the happier stones appears to be that called Dabir,
6:21
Origene † 254 d.C. Origen's Commentary on the Gospel of John 10.24
… But the place of the happier stones appears to be that called Dabir, where the ark of the covenant of the Lord was, and, as I may say, the handwriting of God, the tables written with His own finger. And the whole house is overlaid with gold; “the whole house,” we read,
6:23
san Cirillo di Gerusalemme † 386 d.C. The Catechetical Lectures of S. Cyril 2.17
… Hast thou not heard that he put out the eyes of the king, after he had already seen his children slain ? Hast thou not heard that he brake in pieces the Cherubim? I do not mean the invisible beings;—away with such a thought, O man ,—but the sculptured images, and the mercy-seat, in the midst of which God spake with His voice
6:1
Vers. 1. FACTUM EST ERGO QUADRINGENTESIMO ET OCTOGESIMO ANNO EGRESSIONIS FILIORUM ISRAEL DE TERRA ÆGYPTI, IN ANNO QUARTO, MENSE ZIO (IPSE EST MENSIS SECUNDUS) REGNI SALOMONIS SUPER ISRAEL, ÆDIFICARI COEPIT DOMUS DOMINO. — Perperam ergo Josephus ab exitu Hebræorum usque ad fabricam templi numerat annos 592 (sic enim legendum in Josepho ostendit Ribera, lib. I De Templo, cap. I, non 612 uti jam habent Codices Latini Josephi). ac Beda numerat annos 490, Sulpitius 588, Theophilus 602, Cedrenus 672, Philastrius 713, Serarius hic in cap. vii, numerat annos 680. Hæc enim omnia repugnant huic loco, ubi Hebræi, Septuaginta, Chaldæi et Latina constanter numerant annos duntaxat 480, quorum computum præcise per annos Judicum assignavi Judic. cap. III, 13. Ubi nota Septuaginta Romana hic habere annos 440 duntaxat, sed non numerant annos 40, quibus Hebræi peregrinati sunt in deserto; quare egressum ex Ægypto completum intelligunt, et sub eo comprehendunt ingressum in terram promissam, qui contigit anno quadragesimo ab egressu ex Ægypto. Verum Septuaginta, Comlutensia et Regia habent ut Noster et Hebræi scilicet annos 480. Cœpit igitur Salomon ædificare templum anno quarto regni sui, mense secundo; perfecit vero illud anno undecimo mense octavo, ut dicitur vers. 37. Unde sequitur ædificationem hanc durasse septem annos, et septem menses præcise. Sed Scriptura septem menses quasi quid minutum subtacet, et integrum annorum duntaxat numerum assignat. Cœpit ergo templum fabricari anno mundi 2933, qui fuit a diluvio annis 1276, ante Christi nativitatem anno 1017, juxta tabulam Chronologicam, quam præfixi Pentateucho. Porro Josephus ait fabricatum fuisse templum anno 12 Hiram regis Tyri, indeque numerat 143 annos usque ad ædificationem Carthaginis, quam fecit Dido ex Tyro navigans in Africam. Sed error irrepsit in computu Josephi, nam non 143, sed 125 duntaxat fluxere anni, uti ex regum Tyri, qui Hiram successere, annorum numero, quem recenset Josephus, arithmetice demonstrat Salianus anno mundi 3166, in fine quo ipse Carthaginem conditam asserit, qui fuit annus decimus Joas regis Juda, et 28 Elisæi prophetæ, licet varii varie hac de re scribant. Porro, cur hic numerentur anni fabricæ templi ab egressu Hebræorum ex Ægypto, causam dant Beda, Abulensis, et ex eis Pineda, lib. V, cap. v, quod tunc primum suum populum redigeret Deus sub forma reipublicæ ac certis ritibus, certisque sanctæ religionis et fidei legibus communiret. Ideo ubi illiusmet religionis templum amplissimum atque sanctissimum ædificabatur, et cujus erectione et opportunitate alia vel altaria vel loca religiosa cessare debebant; denique maximum incrementum religio et respublica perceptura erant, oportuit ejusdemmet religionis et reipublicæ initia designari. Locus fabricæ templi describitur II Paral. cap. III, vers. 1, ubi dicitur: «Et cœpit Salomon ædificare domum Domini in Jerusalem in monte Moria (ubi Abraham jussus fuit immolare Isaac Genes. XXII), qui demonstratus fuerat David patri ejus, in loco quem paraverat David in area Ornan Jebusei.» Hinc et Christus ibidem, puta in monte Calvariæ, qui pars est montis Moria, crucifixus seipsum victimam Deo obtulit pro mundi salute. Hoc enim adumbrabat immolatio Isaac, et victimarum omnium in templo. Denique templum ædificatum fuit in loco pertinente ad tribum Benjamin, uti omnes Interpretes docent, et patet Deuter. XXXIII, 12. Sic et Plato, lib. VII Politic., et Aristoteles, lib. VI De Legibus, docent in montibus ædificanda esse templa, ut eminus sint conspicua, et cœlo Deoque viciniora. In mense Zio, — jam legunt Hebræi in mense Zif, quia pro vau vocali cum puncto cholem, legunt vau consonantem sine puncto. Idem mensis Hebraice dicitur איר iiar ab אור or, id est lux, splendor. Unde Chaldæus vertit, in mense apertionis sive splendoris florum, eo quod isto mense germina et flores se aperiant, eorumque viror et decor tunc splendescat. IPSE EST MENSIS SECUNDUS — qui partim respondet nostro aprili, partim maio, sicut primus Hebræorum mensis dictus Nisan, partim respondet nostro martio, partim aprili, quod tempus est aptissimum ad fabricam.
6:2
Vers. 2. Domus (templum) AUTEM, etc., HABEBAT SEXAGINTA CUBITOS IN LONGITUDINE, ET VIGINTI CUBITOS IN LATITUDINE, ET TRIGINTA CUBITOS IN ALTITUDINE. — Dices: II Paralip. IV, 4, dicitur: «Porro altitudo centum viginti cubitorum erat.» Respondeo, altitudo templi usque ad primam contignationem, sive usque ad primum tabulatum, erat triginta cubitorum, uti hic dicitur: altitudo vero ejusdem usque ad summam contignationem, sive usque ad summum tectum et pinnaculum, erat 120 cubitorum, ut in lib. Paralip. dicitur. Erat enim quasi aliud ædificium supra templum; ubi repositi fuere templi thesauri, donaria, vota, item vetus tabernaculum Moysis et Davidis altare, etc.; ita Eucherius, Angelomus, Abulensis et passim Interpretes. Vide Riberam, lib. I De Templo, cap. v, et Vilalpandum, pag. 267. Hic etiam latuit Joas puer, et postea rex, ait Cajetanus, fugiens Athaliam occidentem filios regis, IV Reg. 11, 3. Tanta altitudo et moles templi sustentabatur crassis parietum muris, quibus incumbebat. Muri quoque fulciebantur per suas parastadas (vulgo pilastres) et antherides, de quibus vide Vilalpandum. Porro ex templo hoc ad tabulata conscendebatur per cochleam, de qua vers. 8: «Et per cochleam, inquit, ascendebant in medium cœnaculum (tabulatum), et a medio in tertium.» Denique cum Judæi post reditum ex Babylone templum a Chaldæis combustum reædificarunt, ad sexaginta duntaxat cubitos altitudinis illud evexerunt, eo quod Cyrus vetaret altius erigi, timens ne Judæi rebellantes ex templo facerent arcem, ut patet I Esdræ cap. vi, et ex Josepho. Allegorice Angelomus: «Longitudo domus Dei, inquit, longanimitatem designat Ecclesiæ, quæ Rursum II Paral. III, 3, dicitur Salomon ædificasse longitudinis cubitos sexaginta in mensura prima, id est ante distinctionem Sancti a Sancto sanctorum, prima mensura longitudinis totius templi fuit sexaginta cubitorum, quæ mensura deinde distincta et divisa est eo modo, ut ex ea Sanctum haberet 40 cubitos, reliquos vero viginti haberet Sanctum sanctorum. Ita Vatablus: aliter Abulensis. Prima mensura templi, inquit, fuit longitudo, quia primo in longum ædificarunt utrumque templi parietem, deinde in latum parietes transversos. in exilio peregrinationis ejus patienter adversa quæque tolerat, donec ad patriam quam exspectat perveniat. Latitudo insinuat charitatem, quæ dilatato sinu mentis non solum amicos in Deo, sed et inimicos diligere gaudet propter Deum: donec veniat tempus, quando sive ad pacem suam conversis, sive funditus omnibus extinctis inimicis, cum solis gaudeat amicis in Deo. Altitudo spem denuntiat futuræ retributionis, cujus intuitu libenter infima quæque, sive quæ demulcent, sive quæ adversantur, contemnit: usque dum utrisque transcensis sola mereatur videre bona Domini in terra viventium.»
6:3
Vers. 3. ET PORTICUS ERAT ANTE TEMPLUM VIGINTI CUBITORUM LONGITUDINIS, JUXTA MENSURAM LATITUDINIS TEMPLI: ET HABEBAT DECEM CUBITOS LATITUDINIS ANTE FACIEM TEMPLI, — ita scilicet, ut hi decem cubiti latitudinis porticus adjungerentur non latitudini, sed longitudini templi, quia latitudo porticus erat minor, utpote decem cubitorum duntaxat, quam latitudo templi, quæ erat viginti cubitorum, quare et jungi et adæquari non poterat: adjuncta est ergo longitudini templi. Eadem vero erat longitudo porticus, quæ latitudo templi, scilicet viginti cubitorum; quare illa huic adjuncta et adæquata fuit: latitudo vero porticus, quæ erat decem cubitorum, adjuncta fuit longitudini templi, quæ erat sexaginta cubitorum, ita ut adjuncta latitudine porticus, templum cum porticu haberet septuaginta cubitos in longitudine et viginti cubitos in latitudine. Ita Ribera et alii. Erat hæc porticus templi vestibulum ad elegantiam et magnificentiam, æque ac ad usum addita Sancto, sive anteriori parti templi. Id imitati sunt Christiani primi, qui suis templis iisdem de causis adjecere porticus, quales videre est Romæ in Basilica S. Petri, S. Mariæ Majoris, S. Joannis Lateranensis, S. Laurentii, S. Cœciliæ, etc., idque ad multiplicem usum. In porticibus enim manebant excommunicati, pœnitentes, catechumeni, quibus templum ingredi et Missam audire fas non erat. Item pauperes, mendicantes et peregrini, qui a prandio vel noctu basilica clausa, in porticu orabant et pernoctabant. Ad hæc, qui in templo litteras et nuntios accipiebant de rebus domesticis vel sæcularibus, e templo, ubi illa expedire et tractare non decebat, egrediebantur in porticum, ibique ea peragebant. In porticu etiam parabantur sedes, scamna, ornamenta cæteraque inferenda in templum. Porro templum, inquit Angelomus et Eucherius, «erat conversum ad Orientem, sicut et tabernaculum, habebatque ostium porticus ab Oriente contra ostium templi, juxta quod historicus Judæorum Josephus apertissime docet, ita ut sol æquinoctialis oriens directis radiorum suorum lineis per ostia tria, porticus videlicet, et templi et oraculi arcam testamenti perfundere posset.» Unde allegorice per porticum hanc significantur sancti, qui Christum præcesserunt, puta Patriarchæ et Prophetæ, qui orientem huic mundo solem justitiæ primi susceperunt, et nascenti in carne Domino testimonium, sive vivendo, sive prædicando, sive nascendo, sive etiam moriendo, præbuerunt, ait Angelomus et Eucherius. Denique nonnulli censent hanc esse porticum Salomonis, in qua docuerunt Christus et Apostoli; ita Abulensis, Titelmanus, Jansenius, cap. xciii Concord. Evangel.; sed hallucinantur: hæc enim porticus erat vicina Sancto ante atrium sacerdotum, in quorum neutrum ingredi licebat Christo et Apostolis, eo quod non essent sacerdotes veteris legis. Vide quæ de porticu Salomonis dixi Actor. cap. III, vers. 11.
6:4
Vers. 4. FECITQUE IN TEMPLO FENESTRAS OBLIQUAS. — Hebraice שקפים אטמים schekuphim atumim, id est aspicientes clausas, hoc est, ut Chaldæus, intrinsecus apertas, extrinsecus clausas, puta introrsum latiores, extrorsum angustiores (forte etiam cancellis obductas: unde Septuaginta vertunt, cancellatas vel reticulatas) ideoque «obliquas,» ut vertit Noster, ut videlicet plus luminis admitterent: quia, ut docent Optici sive Perspectivi, in obliquis hisce fenestris radii solares venientes forinsecus intersecant se in superficie extima fenestræ, ubi est locus angustior, ac deinde dilatantur, e longe lateque se per domum dispergunt (unde Symmachus pro obliquas, vertit sagittarias, quæ scilicet lucem quasi sagittam emittunt), sic enim lux solis in domum intrat per modum pyramidis inversæ. Ita S. Hieronymus in cap. XLI Ezech., Ribera, lib. I De Templo, cap. XIII, Eucherius, Angelomus et alii. Audi S. Hieronymum in cap. XLI Ezechiel: «Fenestræ quoque erant factæ in modum retis, instar cancellorum, ut non speculari lapide, nec vitro, sed lignis interrasilibus et vermiculatis clauderentur (pro quibus in Hebraico obliquas fenestras habes), quæ in tribus tantum erant partibus templi, ad dexteram videlicet, et ad sinistram, et post tergum, id est ad Meridiem et ad Aquilonem, et ad Occidentem. Orientalis autem pars non habebat fenestras, quia ipse introitus clarum immittebat lumen intrinsecus, et cuncta interiora templi januarum lumine complebantur, ita ut per singulas fenestras et cancellorum foramina intro quis posset aspicere.» Hæ fenestræ erant in Sancto duntaxat. Nam Sanctum sanctorum carebat fenestris ad sui reverentiam: Deus enim habitat in caligine nobis invisibili: per ostium tamen lux aliqua immittebatur in Sanctum sanctorum. Vide dicta Levit. cap. xvi, vers. 13. Allegorice, hæ fenestræ obliquæ repræsentant sanctos Doctores, per quos Deus fideles docet et illuminat, «qui, ut ait Angelomus, dum ea quæ in occulto vident publice fidelibus pandunt; quasi suscepto lumine solis fenestræ, juncta templi penetralia replent. Unde bene eædem fenestræ obliquæ, id est intus latiores, fuisse perhibentur, quia nimirum necesse est, ut, quisquis jubar supernæ contemplationis vel ad momentum perceperit, mox sinum cordis amplius castigando dilatet, atque ad majora capessenda solerti exercitatione se præparet.» Vide dicta Ezech. XII, 17.
6:5
Vers. 5. ET ÆDIFICAVIT SUPER PARIETEM TEMPLI TABULATA PER GYRUM, IN PARIETIBUS DOMUS PER CIRCUITUM TEMPLI (id est Sancti) ET ORACULI (id est Sancti sanctorum, ex quo Deus dabat oracula) ET FECIT LATERA IN CIRCUITU. — Describit hic cellas ædificatas circa templum: hoc enim significat to fecit latera in circuitu. Erant enim hæ cellæ laterales templo: illudque lateraliter ambiebant per tria latera, sive per tres mundi plagas, scilicet ad Occidentem, Meridiem et Septentrionem. Nam plaga ad Orientem, ubi erat ostium et ingressus, cellas in circuitu habere non poterat. Quod ergo ait, «super parietem,» idem est quod juxta parietem, vel circa parietem templi. Simili enim modo de Christo dicitur Lucæ IV, 39: «Stans super,» id est juxta «illam, imperavit febri.» Et Psalm. cxxxvi, 1: «Super,» id est juxta, «flumina Babylonis sedimus et flevimus,» etc. Sensus ergo est, q. d. Salomon ædificavit juxta et circa tres parietes templi spectantes ad tres mundi plagas ordinem quemdam cellarum, eumque circumcirca interna tabulata erexit et divisit, idque fecit tum ob pulchritudinem, tum ob firmitatem et custodiam templi. In his enim cellis poterant orare sacerdotes et in ipsum templum per fenestras inspicere. In iisdem cellis reponebantur divitiæ templi. Unde illæ a Septuaginta vocantur apothecæ, et a Nostro, I Paralip. xxviii, 11, «cellaria.» Patet ex Josepho, lib. VIII Antiq. cap. II. ET FECIT LATERA IN CIRCUITU. — «Latera» vocat tabulata cellarum, ut patet ex Hebræo et Septuaginta. Hæc enim latera explicandum subdit: Tabulatum quod subter erat quinque cubitos habebat latitudinis, et medium tabulatum sex cubitorum latitudinis, et tertium tabulatum septem habens cubitos latitudinis. Ubi pro «tabulatum» Hebræi et Septuaginta habent latus, tabulata ergo vocat latera, tum quia lateraliter circuibant tria templi latera, tum potius quia unum super aliud lateraliter extabat et prominebat, ac superius erat latius quam inferius, unde Chaldæus vocat appendices. Sensus ergo est, q. d. Hæ cellæ, sive ordines cellarum, habebant tria latera, id est tria tabulata circumcirca, quorum latus sive tabulatum infimum erat quinque cubitorum latitudinis; secundum vero sex, tertium autem septem cubitorum; hoc est, tres erant ordines cellarum in tribus earum tabulatis, quorum secundus ordo erat latior primo, et tertius latior secundo ob trabes extantes, de quibus mox subdit: «Trabes autem posuit,» etc. Ita Salianus, Ribera, Cajetanus et alii. Porro hujus inæqualitatis tabulatorum causa fuit, angustia areæ in monte Moria: hæc enim fecit ut imæ cellæ essent angustæ: quare superiores oportuit facere latiores per trabes prominentes. Ita Ribera.
6:6
6. TRABES AUTEM POSUIT IN DOMO PER CIRCUITUM FORINSECUS, UT NON HÆRERENT MURIS TEMPLI. — «Trabes,» id est capita trabium ultra parietes, quibus incumbebant, extantia et prominentia: Unde Hebraice vocantur מגרעות migrot, id est deficientia, quia scilicet non pertingebant ad vicinum parietem templi, sed ab eo deficiebant, erantque capita trabium extantia duntaxat. Sensus est, q. d. Fecit ut trabes ultra suum parietem porrigerentur et extarent per sua capita, ut in eis imponerentur tigna transversa, itaque tabulata superiora fierent majora, et majorem haberent latitudinem quam tabulata inferiora. Neque enim hæ trabes et tabulata hærebant muris templi, sed cellæ hæ earumque tabulata distantes erant, licet parvo intervallo, a parietibus templi. Unde necesse est ut cellæ hæ habuerint fenestras e regione fenestrarum templi, ut in eas lumen suum transmitterent. Hinc patet cellas et tabulata hæc non fuisse prominentia ex ipso templo, uti volunt Beda, Angelomus, Lyranus et Abulensis, sed fuisse separata a muro templi, uti diserte hic asserit Scriptura. Porro in imo ordine, sive in pavimento, quod suo tabulato tegebatur, erant cellæ sive cubicula 14, totidem in secundo ordine, sive in medio tabulato, totidem in tertio sive supremo, ita ut universim essent 42 cellæ, quæ omnes erant perviæ, ita ut ex una sine ostio transiretur in aliam, et inde in sequentem, etc.; licet Josephus asserat in singulis ordinibus triginta fuisse cellas sive domuneulas, quæ quinque habebant cubitos in longitudine et totidem in latitudine. Sed errat in hoc, uti et in pluribus aliis Josephus, uti ostendit Salianus. Tropologice, tres cellarum ordines sive tria earum tabulata, notant tres status et gradus fidelium in Ecclesia, scilicet imum conjugatorum, medium sive secundum continentium, tertium et summum virginum. Ita Beda, Rupertus et alii. Vide dicta Ezech. XLI, 7.
6:7
Vers. 7. Domus (templum) AUTEM CUM ÆDIFICARETUR, DE LAPIDIBUS DOLATIS ATQUE PERFECTIS (qui scilicet jam dolati et perfecti erant in monte Libano vel alibi, antequam in Sion ad fabricam templi adducerentur) ÆDIFICATA EST, ET (id est, idcirco) MALLEUS, ET SECURIS, ET OMNE FERRAMENTUM NON SUNT AUDITA IN DOMO CUM ÆDIFICARETUR; — quia, ut dixit, jam lapides dolati erant, unde nec malleo, nec securi, nec ferro ad eos dolandos et aptandos opus erat, sed tantum calce ad eos inter se conglutinandos, idque ad fabricæ reverentiam, ac ne Salomonis et cæterorum fabricam spectantium aures strepitu malleatorum et ferratorum offenderentur. Fabulantur Rabbini malleum non auditum in templo, eo quod Hebræi sanguine vermiculi, quem ipsi Shamir vocant, lapides secuerint. Theodoretus, Quæst. XXI et XXII, Proco- pius et Glycas opinantur omnes lapides Deo ita disponente sic fuisse in montibus natos vel excisos, ut ferro non esset opus. Verius Lyranus, Abulensis et Ribera, lib. I De Templo, cap. XII, respondent non fuisse auditum malleum vel securim, scilicet ad dolandum vel secandum lapides, qui jam in monte dolati et secti erant, ut dixi. Anagogice, templum hic repræsentat cælum, ubi nulla erit passio vel afflictio, quia, ut ait Eucherius et Angelomus, «hic tundimur adversitatibus, et disciplina veritatis exercemur, ut illic Deo juxta meritum congruis disponamur, et castigatione cessante solo amoris glutino quo ad invicem copulemur, uno impleti spiritu perfundamur. Hic enim foris tundimur, ut illic sine reprehensione inveniamur. Hic malleus, hic securis, hic omnia tunsionum resonant ferramenta: in domo autem Dei nulli ictus audiuntur, quia in æterna patria omnes jam percussionum strepitus conticescunt.» Hoc est quod canit Ecclesia in Dedicatione Ecclesiæ: «Tunsionibus, pressuris expoliti lapides, suis coaptantur locis, per manus artificis disponuntur permansuri sacris ædificiis.»
6:8
Vers. 8. OSTIUM LATERIS MEDII IN PARTE ERAT DOMUS DEXTRÆ: ET PER COCHLEAM ASCENDEBANT IN MEDIUM CŒNACULUM, ET A MEDIO IN TERTIUM. — Describitur hic cochlea, per quam ascendebatur in tabulata tum ipsius templi, tum cellarum templi adjacentium, de quibus dictum est vers. 5 et seq., ac cochleæ ostium, quod erat in ipso pariete templi. Paries enim templi crassus erat novem vel decem cubitis. Unde in eo fieri poterat cochlea sine damno parietis, uti Romæ in Basilica S. Petri aliisque, imo in columna Trajani, æque ac Antonini videmus cochleas, per quas ab imo in summum per 185 gradus intrinsecus ascenditur. Vocat hoc «ostium lateris medii,» id est, tabulati medii, quia per hoc ostium ejusque cochleam ascendebatur in medium, sive secundum tabulatum tam templi, quam cellarum, et ex secundo in tertium sive summum: nam infima pars templi, æque ac cellarum, non egebat cochlea nec ascensu, eo quod sita esset in ipso pavimento. Hoc ergo ostium cum sua cochlea erat «in parte domus dextræ,» id est in muro templi dextro, hoc est Meridionali; nam spectantibus ad Orientem Meridies est ad dexteram, Septentrio ad sinistram. In Meridionali ergo templi pariete et muro erat hæc cochlea, ejusque ostium, quæ ab imo assurgebat per gradus usque ad summum tam templi quam cellarum fastigium. Triplex enim erat cellarum, ut dixi, æque ac templi, ordo et tabulatum, scilicet infimus, medius et summus. De ostio infimi ordinis et tabulati nil hic dicitur, quia illud erat in terra, unde non egebat ascensu et gradibus cochleæ. «In parte ergo domus dextræ,» hoc est in crassitie parietis Meridionalis ipsius templi, ex imo, sive ex pavimento, surgebat cochlea cum suo ostio, ascendebatque intra crassitiem pa- rietis sive muri usque ad medium, hoc est secundum tabulatum sive ordinem cellarum: unde patet cellas has licet a templo separatas, per cochleam tamen ipsi fuisse conjunctas: erat enim illi vicina templo vicinarum, et ex secundo protendebatur et ascendebat ad tertium et supremum tabulatum sive ordinem cellarum. Sufficiebat autem unum ostium et unus ingressus in singula tabulata, quia cellæ erant perviæ, ut dixi. Ita Cajetanus, Ribera, lib. I De Templo, cap. xv, et alii. Porro an una fuerit, eademque cochlea, qua ad ipsa templi tabulata, et simul ad tabulata cellarum templo vicinarum ascendebatur, an vero duæ, non plane liquet. Verisimile est duas fuisse. Primo, quia in Hebræo pro cochlea est לולים lulim, in plurali, id est, cochleæ. Secundo, quia hoc erat commodius, et ad majorem templi majestatem. Tertio, quia id insinuat Josephus, lib. VIII, cap. II, qui crebro in templo versabatur. Ita Salianus. Una ergo cochlea ascendebatur in tabulata templi, altera in tabulata cellarum. Tropologice, cochlea ascendens in gyrum significat non nisi per tortuosam laborum et dolorum viam ad perfectionem virtutis, et ad gloriam Beatorum in cœlum conscendi. Ita Eucherius et Angelomus, cujus rei appositum extat visum in Vita S. Perpetuæ, quæ per scalam cultris obsitam, vidit Satyrum in carcere socium suum in cœlum ascendere, ac per hanc visionem accepit omen martyrii. Ita habet Vita ejus apud Surium die 7 martii.
6:10
10. ET ÆDIFICAVIT TABULATUM SUPER DOMUM QUINQUE CUBITIS ALTITUDINIS. — Videtur hoc intelligendum de tabulatis cellarum: nam tabulatum templi erat altum 90 cubitis, ut dixi: imo videtur loqui de summo duntaxat cellarum tabulato, ait Abulensis et Cajetanus; nam Josephus asserit totam altitudinem cellarum fuisse sexaginta cubitorum.
6:15
15. ET ÆDIFICAVIT PARIETES DOMUS INTRINSECUS TABULATIS CEDRINIS. — «Ædificavit,» id est texit, vestivit, ornavit: nam parietes ædificati erant ex lapidibus: lapides deinde vestivit tabulis cedrinis, sicut pavimentum vestivit tabulis abietum sive abiegnis, ut sequitur. Id ita esse patet ex vers. 18, ubi explicans ait: «omnia cedrinis tabulis vestiebantur, nec omnino lapis apparere poterat in pariete.»
6:16
16. ÆDIFICAVITQUE VIGINTI CUBITORUM AD POSTERIOREM PARTEM TEMPLI TABULATA CEDRINA, — q. d. Sicut texit priorem partem templi tabulis cedrinis, uti jam dixi vers. 15, sic et iisdem texit posteriorem partem templi, id est oraculum sive Sanctum sanctorum, ex quo Deus dabat oracula. Describitur enim hic Sanctum sanctorum, quod erat interior sive posterior pars templi, habebatque in longitudine viginti cubitos, totidem in latitudine, sed tantum ad viginti cubitos ædificatum; quia videlicet ad viginti cubitos duntaxat a pavimento sursum tectum fuit tabulis e cedro (ut hac parte tabulatum videretur esse quadratum, uti fuerat in tabernaculo Moysis); reliquis vero decem cubitis in altum assurgebat nudus paries sive murus. Ita Ribera, lib. I De Templo, cap. vi. Nonnulli tamen putant Sanctum sanctorum tantum habuisse viginti cubitos in altitudine, sicut totidem habebat in longitudine et latitudine, ut perfecte esset quadrum, sive quadratum, totumque fuisse obtectum tabulatis. Id ita esse clare liquet ex cap. vii, vers. 48, ut ibi ostendam. Verius videtur Sanctum sanctorum per omnia quadratum fuisse quoad tabulatum cedrinum, assurrexisse tamen ultra hoc tabulatum ad decem cubitos, ut absolute esset altum triginta cubitos, uti erat Sanctum; sed tabulato huic viginti cubitorum tabulis cedrinis obtecto tam in Sancto, quam in Sancto sanctorum impositam fuisse fornicem cedrinam, quæ cælorum formam imitaretur et repræsentaret: fornix autem hæc ascendebat ad decem cubitos, qui supra viginti reliquos extabant usque ad tabulatum, uti solide ostendit Vilalpandus in cap. XLI Ezech., Azor, lib. VI, cap. LIII; nec aliud vult Ribera, lib. I De Templo, cap. vi, et Barradius, tom. II, lib. XII, cap. XIII. ET FECIT INTERIOREM DOMUM ORACULI IN SANCTUM SANCTORUM, — q. d. Fecit ut interior domus, quæ oraculum dicebatur, esset Sanctum sanctorum, hoc est sanctissima templi pars. Hæc enim nunc vocatur oraculum, nunc interior domus, nunc secundum tabernaculum, nunc Sanctum sanctorum.
6:17
17. PORRO QUADRAGINTA CUBITORUM ERAT IPSUM TEMPLUM PRÆ FORIBUS ORACULI, — q. d. Anterior pars templi, quæ erat ante oraculum sive Sanctum sanctorum, quodque dicebatur Sanctum, habebat quadraginta cubitos in longitudine. Porro fores oraculi, sive Sancti sanctorum, erant magnæ, semperque apertæ: unde capita vectium arcæ fæderis prominentia, et velo tecta prope stantibus apparebant, sive quia velum erat transparens, sive potius quia ultra velum prominebant. Hinc et velo hoc scisso in passione Christi apparuerunt Sancta sanctorum: alioqui enim si fores oraculi fuissent clausæ, illa non patuissent: ita Ribera, lib. I, cap. vi.
6:19
19. ORACULUM (Sanctum sanctorum) AUTEM IN MEDIO DOMUS (id est in ipsa domo, sive in ipso templo) FECERAT, — non enim oraculum erat in medio, sed in fine templi; est Hebraismus.
6:20
20. SED ET ALTARE VESTIVIT CEDRO, — intellige altare thymiamatis, quod erat in Sancto obversum Sancto sanctorum, ut ex eo fumus thymiamatis ascenderet ad Deum residentem super arcam in Sancto sanctorum. Hinc videtur quod Salomon fecerit novum altare thymiamatis, illud enim dicitur vestisse tabulis cedrinis, quas deinde auro texit vers. 21, perinde ac fabricavit novam mensam panum propositionis, novumque candelabrum majus: nam Mosaica minora erant et viliora, quam ut congruerent magnitudini et magnificentiæ templi sui novi; quare Salomon illa e templo removit, et cum tabernaculo Moysis reposuit in tabulatis cedrinis: Sanctum vero solum habuisse triginta cubitos altitudinis, et proinde decem cubitis altius fuisse Sancto sanctorum, sicut Romæ in multis templis tribuna, sive chorus, dimissior est reliquo templo. Cui sententiæ favent hic versus, qui viginti cubitos assignat Sancto sanctorum, et quod deforme fuisset, si ejus pars una fuisset tecta cedro, altera vero nuda.
6:21
Vers. 21. ET AFFIXIT LAMINAS CLAVIS AUREIS, — quod sine malleo et sonitu vix fieri poterat. Quod ergo dixit vers. 7, malleum, securim et ferrum non esse audita in templo, intellige quoad scindendum vel dolandum, ut ibidem præcessit, non autem quoad affigendum clavos: hi enim cum essent plurimi malleo affigendi erant, ait Ribera, lib. I, cap. XII, nisi quis dicat vertiles fuisse clavos et vertilia foramina, quibus inferendi erant, ut sola eorum gyratione sine malleatione suis locis infigerentur. Sic enim Cyzici, ait Plinius, lib. XXXVI, cap. xv: «Buleuterium (domus concilii) ædificatum est sine clavo ferreo, ita disposita consummatione, ut eximantur trabes sine fulturis, ac reponantur.»
6:23
Vers. 23. Et fecit in oraculo (in Sancto sanctorum) DUOS CHERUBIM DE LIGNIS OLIVARUM. — Ita Hebræa, Chaldæa et cætera. Perperam ergo Regia et Complutensia habent, de lignis cupressinis: quare illud delent Septuaginta Romana. Nota duo Cherubim jussu Dei a Moyse fabricati Exod. xxv, 18, erant duæ statuæ habentes speciem et formam imberbis et alati juvenis: significabant enim angelos Deum stipantes. Arca enim fæderis erat quasi cista, cujus operculum erat propitiatorium: propitiatorio insistebant erecti duo Cherubini, qui alas extendentes et jungentes, iis quasi solium, in quo sederet Deus, ita ut arcam haberet pro scabello pedum suorum, exhibebant; quare positi erant eo situ, perinde ac si duo homines vultibus in se mutuo conversis sese invicem aspiciant, seque manibus quasi alis teneant et complectantur. Arcam hanc cum propitiatorio et Cherubinis (hæc enim a se invicem divelli non poterant) posuit Salomon in Sancto sanctorum: ibi enim ea collocari jusserat Deus Moysi. Salomon vero ad majestatem arcæ, propitiatorii et Cherubim Mosaicorum, in templo suo addidit duos alios Cherubinos longe majores, qui arcam cum Cherubinis suis (utpote exiguis et vix tres cubitos altis) suo corpore et alis velarent, et quasi umbella tegerent et obumbrarent: quare vultibus suis respiciebant arcam et Orientem, sed tergo murum Sancti sanctorum et Occidentem. Porro alium situm habebant et diversum a situ Cherubim, quos fabricarat Moses: Mosaici enim erant supra ar- cam alis expansis utrimque se mutuo prensantes et complectentes: hi vero Salomonis consistebant pedibus erectis in pavimento Sancti sanctorum, unusque stabat juxta alterum in eodem latere quasi ejus collatero: stabat autem uterque alis in longum exporrectis, ita ut unus extremitate alæ suæ attingeret extremitatem alæ alterius Cherubim, altera vero extremitate alterius alæ attingeret parietem templi: quare unus extremitate alæ suæ attingebat unum templi parietem, alter vero extremitate alæ suæ attingebat alterum templi, puta Sancti sanctorum, parietem. Quæque enim ala erat quinque cubitorum, quare duæ alæ unius Cherubim erant cubitorum decem, et totidem cubitorum erant alæ binæ alterius Cherubim: quare utræque expansæ erant viginti cubitorum, quæ erat longitudo æque ac latitudo Sancti sanctorum: hoc enim longum erat viginti cubitis, et totidem latum. Ita Beda, Abulensis, Adrichomius, Ribera et alii. Hinc Deus ex propitiatorio ad interrogata pontificis respondens, dansque oracula, dicebatur sedere super Cherubim, id est sapientissimos spiritus, et Angelos etiam Cherubinos longe scientia transcendere eosque quasi pedibus premere. Hinc etiam Deus hic vocatur Dominus sabaoth, id est exercituum, scilicet Angelorum, quos plurimos habet et quasi innumerabiles, eosque sapientissimos atque potentissimos. Anagogice, Sanctum sanctorum repræsentabat cœlum empyreum, arca Ecclesiam beatam, sive homines beatos, propitiatorium aureum humanitatem Christi gloriosam; Cherubini duo Angelos sanctos summe concordes in Dei obsequio et laude. His Deitas nobis invisibilis eminet et insidet, ac beatis tam Angelis, quam hominibus summa inter se charitate flagrantibus, quod binario numero et faciebus Cherubinorum ad se invicem conversis significatur, videndum fruendumque se exhibet, hacque gloriosa visione eos in æternum beat. Ita Beda, Angelomus, et ex iis Ribera, lib. II De Templo, cap. VII. Vide quæ de Cherubinis dixi Exodi cap. xxv, 18, Ezechiel. cap. I, 5 et seq., et Apocal. iv, 6 et 7, quanquam hi Cherubini Salomonis ab illis Mosaicis et Ezechielis tam forma et statura, quam situ et habitu fuerint diversi, ut patet ex dictis. Ex hisce perspicua sunt ea quæ sequentur usque ad vers. 29. Denique Judæi conversi ad Sanctum sanctorum, ut adorarent Deum in eo residentem, convertebantur ad Occidentem: Christiani vero orant conversi ad Orientem: unde et templa eorum spectant Orientem, ob causas quas alibi dixi. Vide Bellarminum, lib. III De Sanctis, cap. vi. Sic et Vitruvius, lib. IV, cap. v, docet Gentiles eo unde terra illuminatur, id est, ad ortum solis, templa sua extruxisse.
6:24
24. DECEM CUBITOS HABENTES A SUMMITATE ALÆ UNIUS USQUE AD ALÆ ALTERIUS SUMMITATEM. — «Summitatem» vocat extremitatem, q. d. Extremitas unius alæ Cherubini distabat ab extremitate alterius alæ decem cubitis: singulæ enim alæ erant quinque cubitorum, eratque utraque in rectum exporrecta: quare sub alis corpus sive dorsum Cherubini inter alas interjacens intellige: alioqui enim plusquam decem cubitorum fuisset distantia, ut patet. Ita Abulensis.
6:27
27. POSUITQUE CHERUBIM IN MEDIO TEMPLI INTERIORIS (puta oraculi, sive Sancti sanctorum): EXTENDEBANT AUTEM ALAS SUAS CHERUBIM, ET TANGEBAT ALA UNA PARIETEM, ET ALA CHERUB SECUNDI TANGEBAT PARIETEM ALTERUM: ALÆ AUTEM ALTERÆ IN MEDIA PARTE TEMPLI SE INVICEM CONTINGEBANT. — Cherubini enim expendebant alas suas per totam oraculi latitudinem, ita ut unus Cherub alæ unius extremitate tangeret parietem oraculi Meridionalem, alter vero alæ unius extremitate tangeret parietem oppositum Septentrionalem. Latitudo enim oraculi erat viginti cubitorum, et totidem cubitorum erant quatuor alæ duorum Cherubinorum: quæque enim ala erat quinque cubitorum: quare hi duo Cherubini in medio oraculi tangebant se invicem per duas extremitates alarum duarum alarum, illisque velabant arcam cum propitiatorio et Cherubinis Mosaicis illi insistentibus, ita ut arca interciperetur duabus alis Cherubim super arcam a Moyse extensis, quasi sub umbella, ait Josephus, lib. VIII, cap. IV. Cherubinos enim a Moyse ex auro fabrefactos fuisse cum arca in templo a Salomone repositos, sub alis duorum Cherubinorum majorum ab eo fabricatorum docent Beda, Abulensis, Cajetanus et alii. Et ipsa Cherubinorum cum arca connexio idipsum poscit. Porro II Paral. III, 13, additur: «Ipsi (duo Cherubini Salomonis) autem stabant erectis pedibus, et facies eorum erant versæ ad exteriorem domum,» hoc est ad Sanctum. Unde liquet situs horum Cherubinorum, scilicet eos locatos fuisse a Salomone ad extimum parietem Sancti sanctorum, ita ut faciebus suis respicerent tam arcam, quæ erat ante se, quam Sanctum faciei suæ obversum, ut videlicet pontificem per Sanctum ingredientem in Sanctum sanctorum, æque ac populum ante Sanctum in atrio orantem obverso vultu comiter respicerent et quasi salutarent. Vultu ergo respiciebant Orientem, tergo vero Occidentem. Nam Sanctum erat ad Orientem, Sanctum sanctorum vero, præsertim ejus extima pars, fuit extremus murus ad Occidentem. Ita Ribera, libro II, cap. vi, et alii. Decem cubitorum altitudinis, — q. d. Duo Cherubini erant alti quindecim pedes, cubitus enim est sesquipes. Erant ergo gigantea magnitudine. Quis enim gigas est quindecim pedum? idque ut magnitudinem ac majestatem, tum angelicam, tum divinam repræsentarent.
6:29
29. ET OMNES PARIETES TEMPLI PER CIRCUITUM SCULPSIT VARIIS CÆLATURIS, ET TORNO, — id est tornatura sive opere tornatili, quo per tornum res in figu- ram orbicularem tornantur et rotundantur; sub torno tamen quamvis cælaturam et sculpturam accipe. Unde Vatablus vertit, cælaturis et sculpturis. Tornus enim subinde idem est quod cælum sive scalprum, puta instrumentum quo res cælantur et sculpuntur. Sic enim Virgilius, Ecloga 3, vitem torno elaboratam dicit, cum constet vitem non esse rotundam, sed figuræ variantis. Et Horatius, lib. De Arte, asserit, carmina tornari, id est poliri et perfici, dum ait: Et male tornatos incudi reddere versus. Ita Sanchez, unde explicans subdit: ET FECIT IN EIS CHERUBIM (q. d. Sculpsit in parietibus templi effigies Cherubinorum jam dictorum), ET PALMAS (figuras palmarum), ET PICTURAS VARIAS. — Hebraice, apertiones florum; Chaldaice, liliorum.
6:30
30. SED ET PAVIMENTUM DOMUS (templi) TEXIT AURO INTRINSECUS ET EXTRINSECUS, — hoc est, tam in Sancto sanctorum, quam in Sancto. Sanctum enim erat extrinsecus, sive exterior domus; Sanctum sanctorum vero erat intrinsecus, sive interior domus, uti dixi. Igitur Salomon pavimentum templi totius stravit tabulis abiegnis, quas deinde auro texit, æque ac parietes templi obduxit tabulis cedrinis, quas deinde auro vestivit. Ita Vatablus, Sanchez et alii.
6:31
31. ET IN INGRESSU ORACULI FECIT OSTIOLA DE LIGNIS OLIVARUM, POSTESQUE ANGULORUM QUINQUE. 32. ET DUO OSTIA DE LIGNIS OLIVARUM, ET SCULPSIT IN EIS PICTURAM CHERUBIM, ET PALMARUM SPECIES, ET ANAGLYPHA VALDE PROMINENTIA, — q. d. Salomon in ingressu oraculi, id est Sancti sanctorum, fecit duo «ostiola,» id est parva ostia ex eisdem lignis, eaque pentagona, id est quinque angulos et totidem postes habentia; atque in eis exsculpsit effigies Cherubinorum, palmarum et «anaglypha.» Anaglypha vox est Græca, significans imagines et picturas e superficie parietis tabulæ vel ostii extantes et prominentes. Hæc de ostiis Sancti sanctorum, nunc de ostiis Sancti hæc subdit:
6:33
33. FECITQUE IN INTROITU TEMPLI POSTES DE LIGNIS OLIVARUM QUADRANGULATOS. 34. ET DUO OSTIA DE LIGNIS ABIEGNIS ALTRINSECUS: ET UTRUMQUE OSTIUM DUPLEX ERAT, ET SE INVICEM TENENS APERIEBATUR, — q. d. Salomon in ingressu Sancti fecit postes quadrangulos ex olea, eisque annexuit duo ostia ex abiete, «altrinsecus,» ita scilicet ut unum ostium esset ex uno latere, alterum ab altero priori respondens et obversum. ET UTRUMQUE OSTIUM DUPLEX ERAT, ET SE INVICEM TENENS APERIEBATUR, — q. d. Utrumque ostium erat plicatile, et habebat vertebras, quibus una pars tenebat aliam, erantque in eis quasi duæ plicaturæ, ut vertunt Septuaginta. Hebræus, erant גלילים gelilim, id est valvæ volubiles sive convolviles. Addit Josephus huic ostio Sancti etiam appen- sum fuisse velum, simile velo quod appensum erat Sancto sanctorum. Cæterum porticus, quæ erat ante Sanctum, nullum habebat velum, sed tota patebat anterius, et sine ulla contiguatione surgebat in altitudinem 120 cubitorum, quæ erat altitudo templi: latera ejus duntaxat claudebant parietes. Erat enim hæc porticus quasi vestibulum additum templo ad ejus decorem, majestatem et venerationem augendam. Nota: Tres erant partes templi præcipuæ. Prima Hebraice vocabatur דביר debir, vel, ut Septuaginta efferunt, dabir, id est oraculum, puta Sanctum sanctorum. Secunda Hebraice vocabatur היכל hechal, id est templum, puta Sanctum. Tertia ulam, id est atrium, de quo vers. 36. Duo priora habebant tectum, non acuminatum, sed planum, ut in eo ambulare possent: sic enim cæteræ domus in Palæstina erant planæ, sed circumcirca habebant septum sive murum exiguum, juxta legem Deut. xxii, 8, ne quis in tecto inambulans incaute ex tecto in terram laberetur et collideretur. In Sanctum sanctorum solus ingrediebatur pontifex, idque semel in anno, scilicet in festo Expiationis, Levit. xvi; in Sanctum vero cæteri sacerdotes; in atrium populus, unde in eo docuit Christus et Apostoli. Igitur Sanctum sanctorum erat ultima, intima et sacratissima pars templi, post quam sequebatur Sanctum, post Sanctum porticus, post porticum atrium sacerdotum, post hoc atrium laicorum mundorum, post hoc ultimum erat atrium immundorum et Gentilium.
6:36
36. ET ÆDIFICAVIT ATRIUM INTERIUS TRIBUS ORDINIBUS LAPIDUM POLITORUM, ET UNO ORDINE LIGNORUM CEDRI, — q. d. Ædificavit Salomon inter atrium sacerdotum et atrium laicorum murum tres cubitos altum, teste Josepho, ne laici ingredi possent atrium sacerdotum; sed sacrificia, quæ in eo fiebant ultra murum conspicerent: atque hic murus habebat tres ordines lapidum politorum, quorum alter alteri impositus erat, et super omnes lapidum ordines imposuit ordinem unum lignorum e cedro. Atrium sacerdotum erat altius atrio laicorum, ut sacerdotes in eo celsiores essent populo, et ab eo digna afficerentur reverentia: sic et atrium laicorum altius erat atrio Gentium, quare ex atrio Gentium ad atrium Israel ascendebatur septem gradibus: ex atrio vero Israel ad atrium sacerdotum octo gradibus, inde ad Sanctum decem gradibus, uti docet Vilalpandus, pag. 248, et patet Ezech. XL, 6. Quare ab atrio Gentium ad Sanctum ascensus erat graduum 25, sed usque ad atrium sacerdotum quindecim, in quibus decantabant quindecim psalmos graduum sive Graduales, ut tradunt Hebræi, S. Hieronymus et alii. Intra hæc atria, puta in ipsis porticibus atriorum, ad eorum muros vel latera erant exedræ, I Paralipom. xxviii, vers. 12. Exedra autem dicebatur cubiculum columnis fultum et epistyllis pluribus, in quibus vacua erant spatia, quibus prospectus erat in viam. In his exedris partim manebant sacerdotes eo tempore quo ministraerant in templo, qui hic vestes sacras induebant et exuebant; partim servabatur supellex, obla- tiones et dona templi: unde et vocabantur «gazophylacia,» quia in eis servabatur gaza, id est opes templi, in eisque erant arcæ, in quas populus pecuniam, quam templo offerebat, injiciebat. Hinc intelligimus illud Joannis, cap. viii, vers. 20: «Et hæc verba locutus est Jesus in gazophylacio docens in templo:» gazophylacium enim nunc exedram, nunc arcam vel cistam quæ gazam continet, significat. Hæ exedræ dicebantur quoque pastophoria, uti vertunt Septuaginta, a παστός, id est thalamus, quia habitabant in eis sacerdotes cum templo deservirent, qui ideo vocabantur pastophori. Ita S. Hieronymus, lib. VII in Isaiam. Allegorice, atrium repræsentat vitam incipientium Deo servire, Sanctum vitam proficientium, Sanctum sanctorum vero perfectorum: unde in atrio erat altare holocaustorum, quod significat mortificationem cupiditatum, et mare æneum sive lavacrum, quod symbolum est pœnitentiæ. Vide dicta Exodi xxvi, initio capitis.
6:37
37. Anno quarto (regni Salomonis) FUNDATA EST DOMUS DOMINI. — Ad templi fundamenta, ait Vilalpandus, lib. IV, cap. LXXI et sequenti, pertinent subterranea loca plurima opere firmissimo constructa, et superioribus operibus accurate respondentia, ubi cryptoporticus, et culinæ, et gazophylacia, horrea, cellæ vinariæ et oleariæ, exedræ, officinæ, et id genus alia loca, quæ adeo ampla fuerunt atque capacia, ut in illa inferri possent ac conservari omnes primitiæ ac decimæ totius Israelis, ut suis temporibus multis sacerdotum, ac Levitarum millibus distribui possent. Similia videmus Romæ in cryptis priscis Martyrum, Pontificum et fidelium, adeo ut Roma subterranea non tantum Urbis, sed et orbis sit miraculum. TRIBUS ORDINIBUS LAPIDUM POLITORUM, ET UNO ORDINE LIGNORUM CEDRI, — q. d. Ædificavit Salomon inter atrium sacerdotum et atrium laicorum murum tres cubitos altum, teste Josepho, ne laici ingredi possent atrium sacerdotum; sed sacrificia, quæ in eo fiebant ultra murum conspicerent: atque hic murus habebat tres ordines lapidum politorum, quorum alter alteri impositus erat, et super omnes lapidum ordines imposuit ordinem unum lignorum e cedro. Ulam, sive atrium jam dictum erat duplex, scilicet interius vicinum Sancto, quod erat atrium sacerdotum et Levitarum, in eoque erat altare holocaustorum, in quo sacerdotes immolabant victimas. Alterum atrium erat exterius, in quo populus et laici versabantur, orabant et spectabant sacrificia, quæ fiebant in atrio sacerdotum, ideoque erat amplissimum, et plura stadia ambitu suo complectebatur, ut tantam populi multitudinem caperet: unde II Paralip. iv, 9, vocatur «basilica grandis.» Atrium utrumque erat sub dio, tum ut fumus tot victimarum in aerem exhalaret, tum quia erat amplissimum, ut tegi non posset; habebat tamen ad latera porticus tectas, ut ad eas populus se tempore pluviæ et æstus reciperet. Atrium hoc laicorum, sive populi Israel, non tantum a parte anteriore, ut putat Ribera; sed ex tribus partibus sive plagis mundi, ambiebat atrium sacerdotum, scilicet ab Oriente, Meridie et Septentrione: nam ab Occidente atrium sacerdotum claudebatur Sancto et Sancto sanctorum. Ita Josephus, Theodoretus, Serarius, Salianus, Vilalpandus. Hinc atrium laicorum in septem quadra vel quadratas areas, ut Vilalpandus et Salianus, erat distributum; quare in eis erat locus feminarum separatus a viris, honestatis et castitatis causa, uti Romæ fit in templis plerisque. Porro nulli Gentili, sed solis Judæis, iisque mundis, licebat ingredi atrium laicorum. Quare pro immundis Herodes, vel ipse Salomon, ut vult Vilalpandus, pag. 206, adjecit tertium atrium, sive porticum Gentium; quia Josephus docet Salomonem implesse voraginem Mello, eamque extimo muro cinxisse, alioqui enim inde in voraginem labi potuissent. Hic ergo murus fuit atrii Gentium, de quo et Ezechiel cap. XL, 5. Ex quo patet murum hunc fuisse quadratum et in quolibet latere longum fuisse sexcentos cubitos, id est, ut Josephus ait, habuisse stadium cum dimidio. Stadium enim continet 400 cubitos: murus autem atrii Israel, separans illud ab atrio Gentium, erat 500 cubitorum in longitudine a quolibet latere. Ex hoc tertio Gentium atrio gradibus ascendebatur ad secundum atrium Israel sive Judæorum, eratque intermedium vallum lapideorum cancellorum tres cubitos altum, cui inscriptum erat: «Ne quis Gentilis illud transiret sub pœna mortis.» Ita Josephus. Hinc intelligimus illud Actor. xxi, vers. 28, quomodo et cur murmurarint Judæi contra S. Paulum, eo quod putarent ipsum Trophimum socium suum, qui erat Gentilis, induxisse in templum, hoc est in atrium Israel. Atria hæc multas habebant portas, inter quas una erat nomine Speciosa, Actor. III, 2.
6:38
38. Et in anno undecimo (Salomonis), mense Bul (ita legendum cum Hebræo, Septuaginta et Romanis, male ergo Regia habent Elul), IPSE EST MENSIS OCTAVUS, — qui nostro partim octobri, partim novembri respondet. Hebræi enim mensibus utebantur lunaribus, nos vero solaribus. October dicitur Bul a נבל nabal, id est defluere, quod in octobri defluant folia et depluant imbres. Ita Serarius: Chaldæus vertit, mense quo congregantur nova fruges. ÆDIFICAVITQUE EAM ANNIS SEPTEM. — Adde, et septem mensibus, ut patet computanti a secundo mense quarti anni Salomonis usque ad mensem octavum anni undecimi ejusdem: sed Scriptura integros numeros annorum consignat, minutias omittit. Allegorice, Radulphus in Præfat. lib. XVII in Levit.: Templum Salomonis, inquit, septem annis, et septem mensibus, constructum est, quia a Christi adventu usque ad ejus reditum ad judicium per septiformem Spiritus gratiam Ecclesia construitur, donec in fine consummetur; idque fiet toto hoc seculo, quod septem dierum cursu peragitur, ait Eucherius; sic et Angelomus.
6:1
… Più grave è ancora la difficoltà che presenta l'inizio del periodo, essendo molto discusso il tempo dell'esodo dall'Egitto, che secondo alcuni autori sarebbe da riporre nel regno di Amenophis II (1447-1511) ca. il 1447 a. C. (cf. I Reg. 6, 1), secondo altri sotto Mernephta (ca. 1225-1215). In quest'ultima ipotesi il periodo dei Giudici sarebbe di appena 150 anni, difficilmente sufficienti per l'evoluzione nazionale e culturale …
La durata del periodo è variamente calcolata, a seconda del sistema di cronologia (v.) che si segue per fissare le date dei fatti estremi: morte di Giosuè ed elezione di Saul (cf. I Reg. 6, 1): può assegnarsi alla seconda la fine del sec. XI.
RE, I E II (III E IV) LIBRO DEI
… dei ministri e dei prefetti di Salomone (I Reg. 4, 2-19), il panegirico della grandezza del medesimo (ibid. 4, 20-34), il racconto della visita della Regina di Saba (ibid. 10, 1-29); altre di origine sacerdotale, che narrano la costruzione del Tempio (ibid. 6, 1-7, 50), la rivolta contro Athalia, organizzata dal sommo sacerdote Ioiada (II Reg. 11, 1-20), i restauri del Tempio sotto Ioas (ibid. 12, 1-16), la riforma religiosa di Giosia (ibid. …
6:3
… La sua porta non aveva battenti (I Reg. 6, 3; II Reg. 11, 10). Gli atri erano due (II Reg. 21, 5; 23, 12; II Par. 33, 5). L'atrio esterno (ibid. 4, 9; cf. Ez. 10, 17) era un quadrato, recinto di muro e lastricato con pietre. …
6:20
… largo 5 (nel Tempio 20; le dimensioni crebbero ancora nel Tempio erodiano), solennemente consacrato (Ex. 30, 25-28), su cui si offriva mattina e sera l'olocausto perenne e ardeva sempre il fuoco. B) a. dell'incenso o dei profumi (Ex. 30, 1-10; I Reg. 6, 20, 22) nel Santuario, in cedro rivestito d'oro («a. d'oro»; I Reg. 7, 48), alto due cubiti, lungo e largo uno, su cui mattina e sera si bruciava l'incenso.
6:23
CHERUBINO (EBR. PLUR. HĒRUBHÎM)
… Erano alti dieci cubiti, con ali della lunghezza di cinque cubiti ognuna, scolpiti in olivo e ricoperti d'oro (I Reg. 6, 23-28; II Par. 3, 10-13).
6:29
CHERUBINO (EBR. PLUR. HĒRUBHÎM)
Altri c. erano intessuti sulla tenda che nascondeva il Santo dei Santi (II Par. 3, 14) e scolpiti in bassorilievo sulle pareti interne del Tempio, alternativamente con palme e fiori sbocciati (I Reg. 6, 29; Ez. 41, 18-20, 25).
6:36
… magnifico Tempio (I Reg. 5-8). Quasi al centro di questa area la « cupola della roccia » (moschea di 'Omar) copre oggi la nuda roccia sulla quale fu posto « l'altare degli olocausti »; un po' più ad ovest era « la casa di Jabveh » in mezzo a vasti cortili (I Reg. 6, 36; Ier. 36, 10). A sud della spianata dove si eleva oggi la moschea el-Aqṣā erano la reggia, il palazzo per la figlia di Salomone, il quartiere del governo con gli uffici amministrativi …
… Agli angoli piccoli atri per i conviti sacrificali del popolo (Ez. 46, 21-24). In mezzo all'atrio si poneva il podio per i membri della famiglia di David (II Par. 6, 12 sg.; 23, 13; 34, 31). L'atrio interno era detto « dei sacerdoti ». Vi si accedeva per 8 gradini (15) (I Reg. 6, 36; II Par. 4, 9). Circondava il santuario (I Reg. 8, 64), era separato dall'esterno con un muro costruito con 3 ordini di pietre ed un ordine di legno di cedro (ibid. 8, 64; 6, 36; II …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.