Solomon’s palace, his house in the forest, and the queen’s house: the work of the two pillars: the sea (or laver) and other vessels.
Salomons palace, 2. his house in the forrest, 8. and the quenes house is built, 13. Two great brasen pillers: 23. asea (or lauer) 27. tenne brasen ferte. 38. tenne lesse lauatorics, and other vessels, and implementes pertaining to the Temple, adorned vvith images of Angels, and other creatures are further described.
1And Solomon built his own house in thirteen years, and brought it to perfection.E fabbricò Salomone, e compì interamente in tredici anni la sua propria casa.AND his owne house Salomon built in thirtene yeares, and brough it to perfection.Domum autem suam ædificavit Salomon tredecim annis, et ad perfectum usque perduxit. 2He built also the house of the forest of Libanus; the length of it was a hundred cubits, and the breadth fifty cubits, and the height thirty cubits: and four galleries between pillars of cedar: for he had cut cedar trees into pillars.E fabbricò ancora la casa del bosco del Libano, di cento cubiti in lunghezza, e di cinquanta cubiti di larghezza, e di trenta cubiti di altezza: ed eranvi quattro corridori tra i colonnati di cedro: perocché egli avea fatto ridurre a colonne le piante di cedro.He built also the house of the forest of Libanus of an hundred cubites in length, and fiftie cubites in bredth, and thirtie cubites in height: and foure score galleries betwen pillers of ceder: for he had cut ceder trees into pillers.Ædificavit quoque domum saltus Libani centum cubitorum longitudinis, et quinquaginta cubitorum latitudinis, et triginta cubitorum altitudinis: et quatuor deambulacra inter columnas cedrinas: ligna quippe cedrina exciderat in columnas. 3And he covered the whole vault with boards of cedar, and it was held up with five and forty pillars. And one row had fifteen pillars,E rivestì di tavole di cedro tutto il soffitto sostenuto da quarantacinque colonne. E ogni filare avea quindici colonne,And he decked the whole vaut with bordes of ceder, which was held vp with fiue and fourtie pillers. And one order had fiften pillers,Et tabulatis cedrinis vestivit totam cameram, quæ quadraginta quinque columnis sustentabatur. Unus autem ordo habebat columnas quindecim 4Set one against another,Collocate l'una dirimpetto all'altra,set one against an other,contra se invicem positas, 5And looking one upon another, with equal space between the pillars, and over the pillars were square beams in all things equal.È che si guardavano l'una l'altra, ed eran tutte in egual distanza tra di loro: e sopra le colonne eranvi delle travi quadrangolari tutte di egual grossezza.and looked one ouer against an other, with equal space betwen the pillers, and ouer the pillers square beames in al equal.et e regione se respicientes, æquali spatio inter columnas, et super columnas quadrangulata ligna in cunctis æqualia. 6And he made a porch of pillars of fifty cubits in length, and thirty cubits in breadth: and another porch before the greater porch, and pillars, and chapiters upon the pillars.E fece un portico di colonne avente cinquanta cubiti di lunghezza, e trenta cubiti di larghezza: e un altro portico in faccia al portico più grande, con colonne, e architravi sopra le colonne.And the porche of the pillers he made of fiftie cubites in length, and thirtie cubites in bredth: and an other porche before the greater porche: and pillers, and toppes vpon the pillers.Et porticum columnarum fecit quinquaginta cubitorum longitudinis, et triginta cubitorum latitudinis: et alteram porticum in facie majoris porticus: et columnas, et epistylia super columnas.
7He made also the porch of the throne wherein is the seat of judgment; and covered it with cedar wood from the floor to the top.Fece ancora il portico del trono, e lo vestì di legno di cedro dal pavimento fino alla sommità.He made also the porche of the throne, wherein the seate of iudgement is; and couered it with ceder wood from the pauement vnto the toppe.Porticum quoque solii, in qua tribunal est, fecit: et texit lignis cedrinis a pavimento usque ad summitatem. 8And in the midst of the porch, was a small house, where he sat in judgment of the like work. He made also a house for the daughter of Pharao (whom Solomon had taken to wife) of the same work, as this porch;E la tribuna, dove sì risedeva per render ragione, era nel mezzo del portico, ed era di simil lavoro. Fece di più Salomone per la figliuola di Faraone (che egli avea sposata) una casa di lavoro simile a quella del portico.And the litle house, where they sate in iudgement, was in the middes of the porche of like worke. He made also a house for the daughter of Pharao (which Salomon had taken to wife) of such worke, as also this porche.Et domuncula, in qua sedebatur ad judicandum, erat in media porticu simili opere. Domum quoque fecit filiæ Pharaonis (quam uxorem duxerat Salomon) tali opere, quali et hanc porticum. 9All of costly stones, which were sawed by a certain rule and measure, both within and without: from the foundation to the top of the walls, and without, unto the great court.Tutte (queste fabbriche) dalle fondamenta sino alla cima delle muraglie, e al di fuori sino all'atrio maggiore erano di pietre di molto pregio, le quali tanto dalla parte interiore, come dall'esteriore erano state segate in pari forma, e misura.Al of chosen stones, which were sawed by a certain rule & measure both within & without: from the fundation to the toppe of the walles, & without vnto the greater courte.Omnia lapidibus pretiosis, qui ad normam quamdam atque mensuram tam intrinsecus quam extrinsecus serrati erant: a fundamento usque ad summitatem parietum, et extrinsecus usque ad atrium majus. 10And the foundations were of costly stones, great stones of ten cubits or eight cubits.E le fondamenta eran di pietre di molto pregio, di pietre grandi di dieci, ovvero di otto cubiti.And the fundations of chosen stones, great stones of ten or eight cubites.Fundamenta autem de lapidibus pretiosis, lapidibus magnis, decem sive octo cubitorum. 11And above there were costly stones of equal measure hewed, and in like manner planks of cedar.E al di sopra erano pietre di molto pregio tagliate ad egual misura, e parimente coperte di cedro.And aboue there were hewed chosen stones of equal measure, and in like maner of ceder.Et desuper lapides pretiosi æqualis mensuræ secti erant, similiterque de cedro.
12And the great court was made round with three rows of hewed stones, and one row of planks of cedar, which also was observed in the inner court of the house of the Lord, and in the porch of the house.E l'atrio maggiore rotondo avea tre ordini di pietre tagliate, e un ordine di cedro lavorato: e così pure era dell'atrio interiore della casa del Signore, e del portico di essa casa.And the greater court round with three rewes of hewed stones, and one rew of planed ceder, moreouer also in the inner court of the house of our Lord, and in the porche of the house.Et atrium majus rotundum trium ordinum de lapidibus sectis, et unius ordinis de dolata cedro: necnon et in atrio domus Domini interiori, et in porticu domus. 13And king Solomon sent, and brought Hiram from Tyre,E il re Salomone fece ancora venir da Tiro Hiram,King Salomon also sent, and tooke Hiram from Tyre,Misit quoque rex Salomon, et tulit Hiram de Tyro, 14The son of a widow woman, of the tribe of Nephthali, whose father was a Tyrian, an artificer in brass, and full of wisdom, and understanding, and skill to work all work in brass. And when he was come to king Solomon, he wrought all his work.Che era figliuolo di una donna vedova della tribù di Nephthali, di padre della città di Tirò; ed era un lavoratore di bronzi pieno di saggezza, di capacità, e d'industria per fare qualunque opera in bronzo. Ed egli essendo venuto a trovare il re Salomone, fece tutto il lavoro, ch'ei volle.the sonne of a widow woman of the tribe of Nepthali, his father a Tyrian, an artificer in brasse, and ful of wisdom, and intelligence, and skil to make al worke of brasse. Who when he was come to king Salomon, made al his worke.filium mulieris viduæ de tribu Nephthali, patre Tyrio, artificem ærarium, et plenum sapientia, et intelligentia, et doctrina, ad faciendum omne opus ex ære. Qui cum venisset ad regem Salomonem, fecit omne opus ejus. 15And he cast two pillars in brass, each pillar was eighteen cubits high: and a line of twelve cubits compassed both the pillars.Ed egli fece due colonne di bronzo, ogni colonna alta diciotto cubiti: e una corda di dodici cubiti abbracciava ciascuna colonna.And he cast two brasen pillers, of eightene cubites in height one piller: and a line of twelue cubites compassed both pillers.Et finxit duas columnas æreas, decem et octo cubitorum altitudinis columnam unam: et linea duodecim cubitorum ambiebat columnam utramque. 16He made also two chapiters of molten brass, to be set upon the tops of the pillars: the height of one chapiter was five cubits, and the height of the other chapiter was five cubits:Fece ancora i due capitelli di getto in bronzo sulla cima delle colonne: un capitello avea cinque cubiti di altezza, e l'altro capitello cinque cubiti di altezza:He made also two litle heades, which should be put vpon the heades of the pillers, cast of brasse: fiue cubites high one litle head, and fiue cubites the other litle head:Duo quoque capitella fecit, quæ ponerentur super capita columnarum, fusilia ex ære: quinque cubitorum altitudinis capitellum unum, et quinque cubitorum altitudinis capitellum alterum:
17And a kind of network, and chain work wreathed together with wonderful art. Both the chapiters of the pillars were cast: seven rows of nets were on one chapiter, and seven nets on the other chapiter.Ed eravi come una rete, e una catena conteste insieme tra di loro con mirabile artifizio. L'uno e l'altro capitello delle colonne era di getto: sette filari di maglie erano nell'uno, e sette filari di maglie nell'altro capitello.and as it were in maner of a nette, and of cheynes knitte one to the other with maruelous worke. Both litle heades of the pillers were cast: seuen rewes of litle nettes in one litle head, & seuen litle nettes in the other litle head.et quasi in modum retis, et catenarum sibi invicem miro opere contextarum. Utrumque capitellum columnarum fusile erat: septena versuum retiacula in capitello uno, et septena retiacula in capitello altero. 18And he made the pillars, and two rows round about each network to cover the chapiters, that were upon the top, with pomegranates: and in like manner did he to the other chapiter.E per compimento delle colonne fece due ordini di maglie, che circondavano, e coprivano i capitelli, le quali posavano in cima de' meligranati: fece la stessa cosa al secondo, e al primo capitello.And finished the pillers, and two rewes round about euerie nette, that they might couer the litle heades, which were ouer the toppe of the pomegranates: in like maner did he also to the second litle head.Et perfecit columnas, et duos ordines per circuitum retiaculorum singulorum, ut tegerent capitella quæ erant super summitatem, malogranatorum: eodem modo fecit et capitello secundo. 19And the chapiters that were upon the top of the pillars, were of lily work, in the porch of four cubits.I capitelli, che erano in cima delle colonne nel portico, erano fatti a maniera di giglio, ed eran di quattro cubiti.And the litle heades, that were vpon the heades of the pillers, were made as it were with lilie worke, in the porche, of foure cubites.Capitella autem quæ erant super capita columnarum, quasi opere lilii fabricata erant in porticu quatuor cubitorum. 20And again there were other chapiters on the top of the pillars above, according to the measure of the pillar over against the network: and of pomegranates there were two hundred, in rows round about the other chapiter.E di più eranvi altri capitelli in cima alle colonne al di sopra della rete proporzionati alla misura della colonna: e intorno al secondo (e al primo) capitello vi erano dugento meligranati posti per ordine,And againe other litle heades in the toppe of the pillers about, according to the measure of the piller against the litle nettes: and of the pomegranates were two hundred rewes round about the second litle head.Et rursum alia capitella in summitate columnarum desuper juxta mensuram columnæ contra retiacula: malogranatorum autem ducenti ordines erant in circuitu capitelli secundi.
21And he set up the two pillars in the porch of the temple: and when he had set up the pillar on the right hand, he called the name thereof Jachin: in like manner he set up the second pillar, and called the name thereof Booz.E le due colonne le collocò nel portico del tempio: e quando ebbe alzata la colonna destra, te diede il nome di Jachin, ed eretta parimente la seconda, le pose nome Booz.And he sette two pillers in the porche of the temple: and when he had erected the piller on the right hand, he called the name therof, Iachin: in like maner he erected the second piller, and called the name therof Booz.Et statuit duas columnas in porticu templi: cumque statuisset columnam dexteram, vocavit eam nomine Jachin: similiter erexit columnam secundam, et vocavit nomen ejus Booz. 22And upon the tops of the pillars he made lily work: so the work of the pillars was finished.E sulle cime delle colonne pose quel lavoro fatto a maniera di giglio: e fu compita l'opera delle colonne.And vpon the heades of the pillers he put a worke in maner of a lilie: and the worke of the pyllers was perfected.Et super capita columnarum opus in modum lilii posuit: perfectumque est opus columnarum. 23He made also a molten sea, of ten cubits, from brim to brim, round all about; the height of it was five cubits, and a line of thirty cubits compassed it round about.Fece anche di getto una gran conca tutta rotonda, di dieci cubiti da un orlo all'altro. Ella avea cinque cubiti di profondità, e una corda di trenta cubiti cingeva tutto il suo giro.He made also a sea of founders worke of ten cubites from brimme to brimme, round in cōpasse, the height therof was of fiue cubites, and a corde of thirtie cubites did compasse it, round about.Fecit quoque mare fusile decem cubitorum a labio usque ad labium, rotundum in circuitu: quinque cubitorum altitudo ejus, et resticula triginta cubitorum cingebat illud per circuitum. 24And a graven work, under the brim of it, compassed it for ten cubits going about the sea: there were two rows cast of chamfered sculptures.E sotto all'orlo un lavoro di scultura, che giravagli attorno per dieci cubiti, e cingeva la conca: I due ordini di sculture di getto eran di rilievo.And the grauing vnder the brīme compassed it, ten cubites going about the lauatorie: there were two rewes of chamfered forowed grauinges cast.Et sculptura subter labium circuibat illud decem cubitis ambiens mare: duo ordines sculpturarum striatarum erant fusiles. 25And it stood upon twelve oxen, of which three looked towards the north, and three towards the west, and three towards the south, and three towards the east: and the sea was above upon them, and their hinder parts were all hid within.E (la conca) posava sopra dodici bovi, de' quali tre guardavano a settentrione, e tre ad occidente, e tre a mezzodì, e tre ad oriente, e sopra di essi stava la conca, e tutte le parti deretane di quelli restavan sotto nascose.And it stood vpon twelue oxen, of which three looked to the North, and three to the West, and three to the South, and three to the East, and the sea was ouer them: whose hinder partes were al hid inward.Et stabat super duodecim boves, e quibus tres respiciebant ad aquilonem, et tres ad occidentem, et tres ad meridiem, et tres ad orientem: et mare super eos desuper erat: quorum posteriora universa intrinsecus latitabant.
26And the laver was a hand breadth thick: and the brim thereof was like the brim of a cup, or the leaf of a crisped lily: it contained two thousand bates.Questo lavacro avea tre once di grossezza, e il suo orlo era come l'orlo di una coppa, e come la foglia di un giglio sbocciato: ei capiva due mila bati.And the thickenes of the lauatorie w•• of •lr•• c••••s: and the brimme therof as it were the brimme of a chalice, and the leafe of crisped lilie: it contayned two thousand bates.Grossitudo autem luteris, trium unciarum erat: labiumque ejus quasi labium calicis, et folium repandi lilii: duo millia batos capiebat. 27And he made ten bases of brass, every base was four cubits in length, and four cubits in breadth, and three cubits high.E fece dieci basi di bronzo, ognuna delle quali era lunga quattro cubiti, e larga quattro cubiti, e alta tre cubiti.And he made ten brasen seete, of foure cubites in length euerie foote, and foure cubites in bredth, and three cubites in height.Et fecit decem bases æneas, quatuor cubitorum longitudinis bases singulas, et quatuor cubitorum latitudinis, et trium cubitorum altitudinis. 28And the work itself of the bases, was intergraven: and there were gravings between the joinings.E il lavoro delle basi era di più pezzi: e dove questi si incastravano insieme eranvi de' lavori di scultura.And the verie worke it selfe of the feete, was entergrauen: and enterg〈…〉 betwen the ioyntures.Et ipsum opus basium, interrasile erat: et sculpturæ inter juncturas. 29And between the little crowns and the ledges, were lions, and oxen, and cherubims; and in the joinings likewise above: and under the lions and oxen, as it were bands of brass hanging down.E tra piccole corone, e lacci, eranvi lioni, e bovi, e Cherubini: e parimente sopra le commessure: e sotto ai lioni, e ai bovi eranvi quasi delle corde di bronzo pendenti.And betwen the litle crownes and the playtes, lions, and oxen, and cherubs: and in the ioyntures likewise aboue: and vnder the lions, and oxen as it were ••• des of brasse hanging downe.Et inter coronulas et plectas, leones et boves et cherubim, et in juncturis similiter desuper: et subter leones et boves, quasi lora ex ære dependentia. 30And every base had four wheels, and axletrees of brass: and at the four sides were undersetters, under the laver molten, looking one against another.E ogni base avea quattro ruote co' mozzi di bronzo, e a' quattro angoli eranvi sotto il lavacro certe quasi spallette di getto rivolte l'una verso l'altra.And foure wheeles at euerie foote, and axeltrees of brasse: and at foure sides as it were litle shoulders vnder the lauatorie cast, looking one against an other.Et quatuor rotæ per bases singulas, et axes ærei: et per quatuor partes quasi humeruli subter luterem fusiles, contra se invicem respectantes.
31The mouth also of the laver within, was in the top of the chapiter: and that which appeared without, was of one cubit all round, and together it was one cubit and a half: and in the corners of the pillars were divers engravings: and the spaces between the pillars were square, not round.Eravi anche in cima alle base interiormente la cavità per ricevere il lavatoio: e quello, che ne appariva al di fuori per un cubito, era tutto rotondo, e avea ancora un cubito, e mezzo: e agli angoli delle colonne eranvi varie sculture: e lo spazio tralle colonne era quadrato, e non rotondo.The mouth also of the lauatorie was inward in the toppe of the head: and that which appeared outward, was of one cubite al round, and together it had one cubite & a halfe: and in the corners of the pillers were diuers engrauinges: and the middle enterpillers square not round.Os quoque luteris intrinsecus erat in capitis summitate: et quod forinsecus apparebat, unius cubiti erat totum rotundum, pariterque habebat unum cubitum et dimidium: in angulis autem columnarum variæ cælaturæ erant: et media intercolumnia, quadrata non rotunda. 32And the four wheels, which were at the four corners of the base, were joined one to another under the base: the height of a wheel was a cubit and a half.E le quattro ruote, che erano ai quattro angoli della base, si corrispondevano l'una all'altra sotto la base: e ogni ruota avea un cubito, e mezzo di altezza.The foure wheeles also, which were at the foure corners of a foote, ioyned one to an other vnder the foote: one wheele had in height a cubite and a halfe.Quatuor quoque rotæ quæ per quatuor angulos basis erant, cohærebant sibi subter basim: una rota habebat altitudinis cubitum et semis. 33And they were such wheels as are used to be made in a chariot: and their axletrees, and spokes, and strakes, and naves, were all cast.E le ruote erano come quelle, che soglion farsi ai cocchi, co' loro assi, e raggi, e cerchi, e mozzi, il tutto di getto.And they were such wheeles as are accustomed to be made in a chariote: and their axeltrees and spokes, and strakes, and naues, al cast.Tales autem rotæ erant quales solent in curru fieri: et axes earum, et radii, et canthi, et modioli, omnia fusilia. 34And the four undersetters, that were at every corner of each base, were of the base itself, cast and joined together.Anzi anche le quattro spallette ai quattro angoli di ciascheduna base erano congiunte con essa, e di un sol getto colla base.For those foure litle shoulders also at euerie corner of one foote, were cast out of the foote and ioyned together.Nam et humeruli illi quatuor per singulos angulos basis unius, ex ipsa basi fusiles et conjuncti erant.
35And on the top of the base, there was a round compass of half a cubit, so wrought that the laver might be set thereon, having its gravings, and divers sculptures of itself.E in cima alla base era un lavoro rotondo alto mezzo cubito, e fatto in guisa da potervi metter sopra il lavatoio; e avea le sue cisellature, e sculture varie, che si staccavan da esso.And in the toppe of the foote was a certayne roundnes of halfe a cubite, so wrought, that the lauatorie might be put thereon, half the engrauinges therof, and diuerse caruinges of it self. 〈…〉In summitate autem basis erat quædam rotunditas dimidii cubiti, ita fabrefacta ut luter desuper posset imponi, habens cælaturas suas, variasque sculpturas ex semetipsa. 36He engraved also in those plates, which were of brass, and in the corners, cherubims, and lions, and palm trees, in likeness of a man standing, so that they seemed not to be engraven, but added round about.E sopra quelle tavole, che eran di bronzo, e ai loro angoli scolpì dei Cherubini, e de' lioni, e delle palme (con tal'arte), che pareano non iscolpiti, ma posti tutto ali intorno, come una figura d'uomo, che sta in piedi.graued also in those fielinges, which were of brasse, and in the corners, cherubs, and lions, and palmetrees, as it w••• 〈◊〉 the similitude of a man standing, that they semed not to be engrauen, but put to round about.Sculpsit quoque in tabulatis illis quæ erant ex ære, et in angulis, cherubim, et leones, et palmas, quasi in similitudinem hominis stantis, ut non cælata, sed apposita per circuitum viderentur. 37After this manner, he made ten bases, of one casting and measure, and the like graving.In tal guisa fece egli le dieci basi di getto, della stessa fattura, e grandezza, e con simili sculture.After this maner made he ten feete, of one casting and measure, & like grauing. 〈…〉In hunc modum fecit decem bases, fusura una, et mensura, sculpturaque consimili. 38He made also ten lavers of brass: one laver contained four bases, and was of four cubits: and upon every base, in all ten, he put as many lavers.Fece ancora i dieci lavatoi di bronzo: ogni lavatoio capiva quaranta bati, ed era di quattro cubiti: e posò un vaso sopra ciascuna delle dieci basi.made also ten lauatories of brasse: one lauatorie conteyned fourtie bates, and it was of foure cubites: also at euerie foote, that is ten, he put so manie lauatories.Fecit quoque decem luteres æneos: quadraginta batos capiebat luter unus, eratque quatuor cubitorum: singulos quoque luteres per singulas, id est, decem bases, posuit. 39And he set the ten bases, five on the right side of the temple, and five on the left: and the sea he put on the right side of the temple, over against the east southward.E collocò le dieci basi, cinque dal destro lato del tempio, e cinque dal lato sinistro: e la gran conca dalla parte del tempio tra levante, e mezzodì.And he sette the ten feete, fiue on the right side of the temple, and fiue on the leaft: and the sea •e put on the right side of the temple against the East toward the SouthEt constituit decem bases, quinque ad dexteram partem templi, et quinque ad sinistram: mare autem posuit ad dexteram partem templi contra orientem ad meridiem.
40And Hiram made cauldrons, and shovels, and basins, and finished all the work of king Solomon in the temple of the Lord.Fece ancora Hiram delle pignatte, e delle caldaie, e de' bacini, e compì tutto quello, che il re Salomone gli ordinò pel tempio del Signore.Hiram therfore made cauldrons, and thoueles, and litle pottes, and perfected al the worke of king Salomon in the temple of our Lord.Fecit ergo Hiram lebetes, et scutras, et hamulas, et perfecit omne opus regis Salomonis in templo Domini. 41The two pillars and the two cords of the chapiters, upon the chapiters of the pillars: and the two networks, to cover the two cords, that were upon the top of the pillars.Le due colonne, e i due cordoni sopra i capitelli delle colonne: e le due reti, che coprivano i due cordoni, che erano sulle cime delle colonne.Two pyllers, and two cordes of the litle heades, vpon the litle heades of the pyllers: and two litle nettes, to couer the two cordes, that were ouer the heades of the pyllers.Columnas duas, et funiculos capitellorum super capitella columnarum duos: et retiacula duo, ut operirent duos funiculos qui erant super capita columnarum. 42And four hundred pomegranates for the two networks: two rows of pomegranates for each network, to cover the cords of the chapiters, which were upon the tops of the pillars.E quattrocento melegranate nelle due reti: due ordini di melegranate per ogni rete, la quale copriva i cordoni de' capitelli, che erano alle cime delle colonne:And foure hundred pomegranates in the two nettes: two rewes of pomegramates in euerie nette, to couer the cordes of the litle heades, which were vpon the heades of the pyllers.Et malogranata quadringenta in duobus retiaculis: duos versus malogranatorum in retiaculis singulis, ad operiendos funiculos capitellorum qui erant super capita columnarum. 43And the ten bases, and the ten lavers on the bases.E le dieci basi, e le dieci conche sopra le basi:And tenne feete, and tenne lauatories vpon the feete.Et bases decem, et luteres decem super bases. 44And one sea, and twelve oxen under the sea.E la gran conca, e i dodici bovi sotto la conca:And one sea, and twelue oxen vnder the sea.Et mare unum, et boves duodecim subter mare. 45And the cauldrons, and the shovels, and the basins. All the vessels that Hiram made for king Solomon, for the house of the Lord, were of fine brass.E le pignatte, e le caldaie, e i bacini: tutti i vasi, che Hiram fece al re Salomone per servigio della casa del Signore, erano di bronzo fino.And cauldrons, and shouels, and litle pottes. Al the vessels that Hiram made to king Salomon in the house of our Lord, were of bright latten.Et lebetes, et scutras, et hamulas, omnia vasa quæ fecit Hiram regi Salomoni in domo Domini, de auricalco erant.
46In the plains of the Jordan, did the king cast them in a clay ground, between Socoth and Sartham.Il re li fece fondere in una pianura del Giordano, in un terreno argilloso, tra Socoth, e Sarthan.In the champayne countrie of Iordan did the king cast those thinges in a clay ground, betwen Sacoth and Sarthan.In campestri regione Jordanis fudit ea rex in argillosa terra, inter Sochoth et Sarthan. 47And Solomon placed all the vessels: but for its exceeding great multitude the brass could not be weighed.E Salomone ripose tutti questi vasi: e attesa la eccedente loro moltitudine fu indicibil peso di bronzo.And Salomon placed al the vessel: but for the exceding great multitude the brasse could not be weyed.Et posuit Salomon omnia vasa: propter multitudinem autem nimiam non erat pondus æris. 48And Solomon made all the vessels for the house of the Lord: the altar of gold, and the table of gold, upon which the loaves of proposition should be set:Fece ancor Salomone tutto quello, che dovea servire alla casa del Signore: l'altare d'oro, e la mensa d'oro, per porvi sopra i pani della proposizione.And Salomon made al the vessels in the house of our Lord: an altar of gold, and a table, wherupon the loaues of proposition should be put, of gold:Fecitque Salomon omnia vasa in domo Domini: altare aureum, et mensam super quam ponerentur panes propositionis, auream: 49And the golden candlesticks, five on the right hand, and five on the left, over against the oracle, of pure gold: and the flowers like lilies, and the lamps over them of gold: and golden snuffers,E i candelabri d'oro, cinque a destra, e cinque a sinistra dinanzi all'oracolo di fino oro: e come fiori di giglio, e le lucerne d'oro sopra (i candellier, e le smoccolatoie d'oro).and candlestickes of gold, fiue on the right hand, and fiue on the leaft against the oracle, of pure gold: and as it were lilie floures, and lampes aboue of gold: and golden snuffers,et candelabra aurea, quinque ad dexteram, et quinque ad sinistram contra oraculum, ex auro puro: et quasi lilii flores, et lucernas desuper aureas: et forcipes aureos, 50And pots, and fleshhooks, and bowls, and mortars, and censers, of most pure gold: and the hinges for the doors of the inner house of the holy of holies, and for the doors of the house of the temple, were of gold.E le idrie, e le forchette, e le coppe, e i mortai, e i turiboli d'oro finissimo: e i cardini delle porte della casa interiore del Santo de' Santi, e delle porte del tempio erano d'oro.and water pottes, and fleshehookes, and phiales, and morters, and censars, of most pure gold: and the •ndges of doores of the inner Sanctum sanctorum, and of the doores of the house of the temple, were of gold.et hydrias, et fuscinulas, et phialas, et mortariola, et thuribula, de auro purissimo: et cardines ostiorum domus interioris Sancti sanctorum, et ostiorum domus templi, ex auro erant.
51And Solomon finished all the work that he made in the house of the Lord, and brought in the things that David, his father, had dedicated, the silver and the gold, and the vessels, and laid them up in the treasures of the house of the Lord.E Salomone compì tutti i lavori fatti da lui per la casa del Signore, e vi portò l'argento, e l'oro, e i vasi consagrati da Davidde suo padre, e li ripose nel tesoro della casa del Signore.And Salomon perfected al the worke that he did in the house of our Lord, and brought in the thinges that Dauid his father had sanctified, siluer and gold, and the vessel, and layed them in the treasures of the house of our Lord.Et perfecit omne opus quod faciebat Salomon in domo Domini, et intulit quæ sanctificaverat David pater suus, argentum, et aurum, et vasa, reposuitque in thesauris domus Domini.
7:1
Year of the World 3000, Year before Christ 1004.
Haydock
Thirteen. He was only twelve years and a half; since he finished both the temple and the palace in 20 years, 3 Kings 9:10. Salien observes that Solomon's house was connected with the queen's, as well as with that part which was styled of the forest of Libanus, for their mutual recreation, the year before Christ 1023. The Roman Septuagint places the 13 first verses at the end, ver. 51. (Haydock)
7:2
Calmet
Libanus. So it was called, on account of the many cedar pillars brought from that mountain; or because many trees and shrubs were planted in the vicinity. (Calmet)
Ar.[Arbuthnot?] Mont.[Montanus?]
Libanus might also be seen from it, and refreshing breezes be felt. (Ar.[Arbuthnot?] Mont.[Montanus?])
Menochius
The palace stood on the eastern part of Sion, and to the west of the temple. (Menochius)
Salien
The vale between them had been filled up, at a vast expense, and a sort of bridge erected, which was called Mello. Thus the palace of David, on the west of Sion, and this of Solomon, served to protect the temple, and to keep the citizens in awe. (Salien)
Menochius
Sanchez declines giving the dimensions of this palace, as they are not satisfactory. (Menochius)
Here Solomon resided, and was served in gold, (Calmet) adorning his palace with shields and targets of the same precious metal, 3 Kings 10:16, 21.
Cubits. The more sacred part of the temple was only 60, 20, and 30 cubits, 3 Kings 6:2. But there were various other appendages and towers. This palace must have been very extensive.
Haydock
And four. Hebrew, "upon four rows of cedar pillars, with cedar beams upon the pillars." (Haydock)
Calmet
One row of these might be rather pilasters, against the wall; (ver. 3,) so that there would be three covered galleries, before the apartments, each supported on 15 pillars. (Calmet)
7:4
Haydock
Set, etc. Hebrew, "and windows in three rows, over-against one another; (5) and all the doors and posts square with the windows: and light was against light, in three rows." (Haydock)
The palace had three stories; but the galleries before it were of equal height with it.
7:6
Haydock
Porch. Septuagint seem to retain the original word ulam, as they read ailam; whence our hall, and the Latin aula, may be derived. (Haydock)
Calmet
It was a court surrounded by pillars and galleries, in front of the palace. (Calmet)
Another. Hebrew, "the porch before them, (pillars) and the pillars, and the thick beam before them."
7:7
Haydock
Tob. Hebrew, "the other side." (Haydock)
The eastern princes generally sit before their palace to give judgment; and hence that of the Ottoman emperors is styled the Porte, (Calmet) or "gate."
7:8
Haydock
House. In the form of a recess or alcove, at the end of one of the aforesaid porches, and probably in that which was nearer the palace. Guards would be stationed in the other. (Haydock)
Calmet
This is the idea which travellers have given us of the palaces in the East. They consist of various apartments, galleries, and courts. Under the outward porch there are guards standing, in a double row; and hence there is a communication with other parts of the house, and with the apartments of the women, which are far removed, and inaccessible to strangers. The women still continue to have separate tents, or apartments; as they had in the days of Sara, Esther, Herodias, etc., Genesis xxiv., Esther 1:11., and Matthew 14:8. (Calmet)
Haydock
Pharao. Till it was finished, this lady had lodged in David's palace; though as it was deemed in a manner sacred, on account of the presence of the ark, it was judged expedient to remove her, 2 Paralipomenon 8:11. (Haydock)
Salien
Perhaps she had begun to manifest some signs of a relapse towards idolatry, into which she is supposed chiefly to have induced her husband, 3 Kings 11:4. (Salien)
7:12
Cedar, in regular courses with the stones, 3 Kings 6:36. Public places were often made in a circular form, and were thus rendered more beautiful. The palace of Solomon might have enclosed the court in this manner, or there were buildings on all the four sides, made of three courses of fine large stones, with the fourth of cedar beams, till the whole was completed. The ancients built for posterity, as we may perceive from the huge stones, well connected, which still reman in the ruins of Egyptian, Greek, and Roman architecture.
7:14
Menochius
Nephthali: 2 Paralipomenon 2:14. we read of Dan. But the king of Tyre might be under a mistake, (Sanctius) or he may only insinuate that she lived at the city of that name, in the tribe of Nephthali. (Menochius)
One of her husbands might be a Danite, (Grotius) though resident at Tyre.
Menochius
Father, may also denote a master or officer; in which sense we read in Paralipomenon, My father, Hiram. (Haydock) (St. Jerome, Trad.) (Menochius)
If the woman married an idolater, it was contrary to the law: (Calmet) though Grotius maintains the contrary, when the free exercise of religion was granted.
7:15
Cornelius a Lapide
Eighteen. Both together are said in Paralipomenon to be 35, as if half a cubit too much had been here assigned, which is not unusual with regard to imperfect numbers, ver. 1. But Jeremias (lii. 21,) agrees with this passage; and the book of Paralipomenon may not have included a cubit of solid metal at the base or plinth. (Cornelius a Lapide)
Calmet
The rest was hollow. The chapiters of five cubits, and the bases, which were perhaps as large, are not contained in the 18 cubits, which might otherwise appear to be disproportionate with the circumference of 12 cubits. The Egyptian pillars are sometimes very thick and low; and their temples bear a great resemblance with that of Solomon, than with those of the Greeks and Romans. (Calmet)
Calmet
Both. Hebrew, "the second," as if something similar had been observed of the first. (Calmet)
Menochius
But Sheni, signifies also "both, either," etc. (Menochius)
Haydock
Protestants, "did compass either of them about." (Haydock)
Circles, at equal distances, adorned these pillars, Exodus 26:32. (Atheneus 5:9.)
7:16
Calmet
Five. Comprising all the ornaments. The body was only three cubits, 4 Kings 25:17. If we include the circles, which join it to the pillar, it would be four; ver. 19, and with the rose, and ornaments at the top, five cubits high. Atheneus distinguishes three parts in the Egyptian chapiters; (1) next to the pillar, was seen a circle or wreath of flowers; (2) the stalk, out of which proceeded (3) a rose beginning to open. (Calmet)
Menochius
In the passages, which seem to contradict this text, the omission of the cornice or architrave, may cause the difference. (Menochius)
7:18
The pillars. This word may have changed places with pomegranates.
7:19
Of lily-work, seems also transposed. Calmet would translate, Hebrew, "and he made pomegranates, two rows round each net, to cover the chapiter, which was at the top of the pillar, and in, etc., (19) and the chapiter, which was above the pillars of the court, (or porch) four cubits high. And he made rows of 200 pomegranates, all round, to cover one of the crowns of the pillars, and he did the like for the other crown; (20) and he also made a chapiter, like a rose, (or lily) at the top of the pillars, above, and over-against the body, which was beyond the nets." The rose seemed to grow out of the pillar. The chapiters were not square, but of a circular form. Pelletier supposes that these pillars were of the ancient Doric order. It is certain that all the chapiter was not in the form of a lily, as the Hebrew would now insinuate, but only the top part of it, 3 Kings 5:22. The long addition of one of the crowns, etc., may be unnecessary, if the original signify either; (as [in] ver. 15) "to cover either crown."
7:20
Haydock
Chapiter, (capitelli secundi.) (Haydock)
Menochius
Villalpand thinks this "second chapiter," is rather the cornice, round which the pomegranates hung. (Menochius)
Haydock
Septuagint, "and of roses, five rows, all round, upon the second circle." (Haydock)
7:21
Temple. Against the wall, (Jeremias 52:23,) on each side of the door which leads to the holy place. The pillars might be 28 cubits high, ver. 15.
Jachin intimated that God "will establish."
Calmet
Booz means, "strength is in him." (Calmet)
Haydock
Both together might foretel the stability of the temple. "He shall establish in strength." We have already mentioned the conjecture of Houbigant, that these two pillars were erected in honour of some of Solomon's progenitors, though the former be lost in his genealogy, Ruth 4:22. (Haydock)
Jachin. That is, firmly established.
7:22
Calmet
Lily, or rose, as Susan means both. This ornament seems to have been detached from the rest of the chapiter, and one cubit high, ver. 16. (Calmet)
7:23
Calmet
Brim, in diameter. The circumference was about 30 cubits; for it is not exactly three [but pi (3.14159...)] times as much as the diameter. (Calmet)
Menochius
The latter is [approximately] as 7 to 22, with respect to the circumference. But the Scripture takes no notice of trifles. (Menochius)
7:24
Haydock
Ten cubits. All was not therefore ornamented. Protestants, "there were knops compassing it, ten in a cubit....the knops were cast in two rows, when it was cast." (Haydock)
Calmet
The signification of Pekahim is not ascertained, whether it be "apples, balls," etc., or perhaps a corrupt word for Bokrim, "oxen," or "ox heads;" as 2 Paralipomenon 4:3, clearly explains it. (Calmet)
Menochius
There also it is insinuated, that the carvings commenced only towards the bottom, where the circumference was reduced to 10 cubits. (Menochius)
7:25
Calmet
Oxen. Josephus and the Jews would condemn Solomon for making these figures; but it is clear that his present was acceptable to God, as well as his person. (Calmet)
Menochius
Within. The oxen were of solid brass, to support such a weight. (Menochius)
Melanges
Some think that the water was discharged through their mouths. But Pelletier believes that there were cocks placed between each of the four divisions of oxen, which let water into a basin below, in which the priests might purify themselves. He supposes also that the vessel was double; the cup would contain 2000 baths, and the foot or basin another 1000, by which means he would reconcile this book with that of Chronicles. (Melanges, T. 1:p. 115.)
7:26
Challoner
Two thousand bates. That is, about ten thousand gallons. This was the quantity of water which was usually put into it: but it was capable, if brim-full, of holding three thousand. See 2 Paralipomenon 4:5, 7. (Challoner)
Worthington
The batus contained about five gallons. (Worthington)
Cornelius a Lapide
Some imagine, without grounds, (Calmet) that the measure in Paralipomenon was of a less capacity. (Vallalpand) (Cornelius a Lapide)
Salien
The smaller is called metreta, "measure," after the Greek, as it had no proper name. (Salien)
Instead of a hand's breadth, it is literally, "three ounces," or the fourth part of a Roman foot; which is equivalent to four fingers' (Haydock) breadth, or a "hand's breadth," as the Hebrew tophach implies, or a little above three inches.
Haydock
Crisped, or "full-blown lily." The Chaldean supposes it was thus ornamented. Hebrew, "with flowers of lilies," (Calmet) or "roses," Shoshan. (Haydock)
7:27
Pelletier
Bases. These were designed to wash the victims. (Pelletier)
7:28
And. Hebrew is very obscure in this and the following verse. Indeed interpreters are so little agreed about the precise signification of some of the terms, that it is not necessary to repeat their sentiments.
7:32
Calmet
Joined. Yet not so as to be immovable. (Calmet)
7:36
Calmet
Palm-trees were not expressed, ver. 29. All was in relievo, and represented in its natural posture. (Calmet)
Menochius
About. One would have taken them to be alive, they were so well executed. Hebrew, "according to the proportion of every one, and added round about," (Haydock) projecting. (Menochius)
7:39
Right side, to the south, between the temple and the altar of holocausts.
Menochius
Sea. It was the most towards the east, of the five basins, (Calmet) or near the eastern gate of the priests' court, standing to the south of the entrance, that they might purify themselves. (Menochius)
Ovid
St. Justin Martyr (apology ii.) observes that the pagans imitated this custom. But this ought not to hinder Christians from employing a thing which is innocent in itself, and calculated to make them aspire to the greatest purity, when they approach to God. (Haydock) Spargit et ipse suos lauro rorante capillos Incipit et solita fundere voce preces. (Ovid, Fast. v.)
7:40
Haydock
Shovels. Scutras may also signify "cauldrons," from their resemblance with a shield. These terms occur [in] Exodus 27:3., (Calmet) and are there properly translated, shovels, etc. (Haydock)
The Jews say there were always, at least, three things of the same species, that one might be ready in case another was defiled.
7:41
Haydock
Cords: no mention of these had been made before. The same terms are frequently expressed in a different manner, ver. 15, to 20. Hebrew, "the two pillars and the chapiters round, (Calmet) which were on the top of the pillars and the two nets to cover the two bowls of (or the two circular) chapiters," etc. (Haydock)
7:45
Fine brass (aurichalco.) Some pretended that gold was mixed with this sort of brass. But Pliny ([Natural History?] 34:2.) informs us that it came out of the mines, without dross.
Calmet
Hebrew, "polished (or refined) brass." (Calmet)
Menochius
It might resemble the Corinthian brass. (Menochius)
7:46
Calmet
Sarthan. This place was on the west, and Socoth on the east of the Jordan, near Bethsan, 3 Kings 4:12. (Calmet)
Haydock
Josue 3:16. (Haydock)
Menochius
Adrichomius places both on the east, in the tribe of Gad. (Menochius)
7:47
Haydock
Weighed. It was deemed unnecessary, and too troublesome. (Haydock)
Vatable
Hebrew, "And Solomon would not have all the vessels weighed," on account of the too great number: "the weight of the brass was not discovered." (Vatable)
7:48
Rabbins
Altar, not that on which the ark was placed, (chap. 6:20.; Calmet) though some are of that opinion; (Menochius, etc.) but perhaps the altar of incense. The one which Moses had made was probably too small, (Calmet) and reposited in the treasury. (Rabbins)
Calmet
Table. In 1 Paralipomenon 4:8., we find ten specified, one between each candlestick, in the holy place. Josephus ([Antiquities?] 8:2.) mentions an incredible number of gold and silver utensils, which are not found in Scripture; and the Rabbins are not sparing in miracles, to promote a respect for the temple. No venomous creature, they say, was ever seen in Jerusalem; nor did man seek for lodgings in vain, etc. The priests were so numerous, that the same person had never to offer the perpetual sacrifice or incense twice in his life. No one durst spit in the temple, nor turn his back on the altar, etc. (Calmet)
7:51
Worthington
Dedicated. Literally, "sanctified," (Haydock) or set apart. (Worthington)
Menochius
Gold, unwrought. (Menochius)
7:21
7:26
Two thousand bates.... That is, about ten thousand gallons. This was the quantity of water which was usually put into it: but it was capable, if brimful, of holding three thousand. See 2 Par. 4.5.
7:21
Firmnes.
in strength.
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A vessel so 〈…〉 for the 〈…〉 being 〈…〉.
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•atus contayned 〈…〉.
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Had designed and dedicated to holie vses.
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Origen † AD 254 Origen's Commentary on the Gospel of John 10.25
It is worth while to enquire how, on the one hand, Solomon the king is said to have built the temple, and on the other the master-builder whom Solomon sent and fetched,
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St Jerome † AD 420 The Letters of St. Jerome 60.12
In Quintus Fabius antiquity admired a nobleman and the author of a history of Rome, yet his paintings gained him more renown than his writings. Our own Bezaleel also and Hiram, the son of a Tyrian woman,
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Pope St Gregory I the Great † AD 604 The Book of Pastoral Rule 2.5
… Hence also it is that before the doors of the temple the brazen sea for washing the hands of those who enter, that is the laver, is supported by twelve oxen (
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AND SOLOMON BUILT HIS OWN HOUSE IN THIRTEEN YEARS. — Solomon built three houses in these thirteen years, namely his own house, the house of the daughter of Pharaoh the queen, and the house of the forest of Lebanon, as is evident from verses 2 and 8; that these three houses were distinct is clear from what follows. Therefore Lyra, Abulensis, Cajetan, Dionysius, Hugo, Vatable and others judge throughout. These three houses, however, in III Kings 12, 10, and II Paralipomenon viii, 1, are called one house, because they were contiguous and connected, so that they seemed to be not so much three houses as three parts or three members of one and the same house. For thus the palace of a king or Pontiff comprises several dwellings in itself, and as it were several palaces. Thus Josephus, Villalpandus, Pineda and others. Furthermore, just as David built his royal house on the Western part of the mount of Sion near the temple, so Solomon built his palace on the Eastern part of the same mount of Sion near the temple, both in order that he might fortify the temple and the whole mount of Sion with these two houses as with two citadels; and in order that from them he might defend the city of Jerusalem subject to them, keep it in order; and in order that he might easily approach the temple, worship God and offer sacrifice. IN THIRTEEN YEARS. — In several years, and therefore the royal house was built more slowly than the temple; for that was completed in seven years, as was said in chapter vi, 37. The first cause was the devotion and fervor of Solomon urging the work of the temple, as the house of God; the second, because David had already prepared beforehand all the material and expenses for the fabrication of the temple; the third, because the people helped and promoted the fabrication of the temple more eagerly. Thus Josephus. Add that Solomon in these thirteen years built three houses, namely his own, the queen's, and the forest of Lebanon. Thus Abulensis.
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2. AND HE BUILT ALSO THE HOUSE OF THE FOREST OF LEBANON. — This house was prepared for elegance, pleasantness and recreation. But why is it called from the "forest," or wood "of Lebanon?" I answer first, because it was in a wooded place of mount Sion, and surrounded with trees and gardens like Lebanon. For "forest" is properly called a denser wood and impassable, where trees abound, in which cattle are accustomed to summer and pasture, says Valla, lib. IV. Whence in II Paralipomenon ix, 16, where we have "and the king put them (shields) in the armory, which was covered with wood;" the Hebrews and the Septuagint have, he put shields in the house of the forest of Lebanon. For in this house Solomon stored military arms, and there was his armory. Second, because this house was constructed from the woods of Lebanon. Thus Abulensis and Serarius. Third, because by its groves, pleasantness, verdure, shade it resembled the appearance of Lebanon. Fourth, because by the multitude of cedar columns it imitated the cedars of Lebanon. Thus Theodoret. Fifth, because from it Lebanon could be seen, and its breeze and coolness could be caught and received in summer time. Thus Arias. Whence Josephus and the Chaldean call it the house of refreshment. Therefore William of Tyre, Bishop, in book XVIII of the Sacred War, wrongly judges this house to be called the "forest of Lebanon" because it was built on mount Lebanon. For it was situated in Jerusalem and on mount Sion. AND FOUR PORTICOES BETWEEN CEDAR COLUMNS. — Note: The house of the forest of Lebanon below, or beneath itself had these four porticoes, namely in such a way that below in length there extended three rows of columns intercepted between two walls of the house: from there indeed in the intermediate spaces four porticoes necessarily arose. Each row of columns had fifteen columns in length, equally disposed opposite the columns of the other two rows, so that between three rows of columns there were two porticoes, and a third was between one row of columns and the wall of the house on one side, a fourth truly between another row of columns and the wall on the other and opposite side. Wherefore these porticoes were as long as the house itself was. See Abulensis, Question II and following.
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3. AND HE COVERED THE WHOLE CHAMBER WITH CEDAR BOARDS. — By "chamber" he calls the vault: for this is made by vaulted work, and is the vaulting of the house itself.
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6. AND HE MADE A PORTICO OF COLUMNS OF FIFTY CUBITS IN LENGTH, AND THIRTY CUBITS IN BREADTH. — Namely in such a way that the length of this portico was joined to the breadth of the house of the forest of Lebanon, which was also fifty cubits: but the breadth of the portico was joined to the length of the same house transversely: whence it came to pass that the house of one hundred cubits in length, with these 30 cubits of the breadth of the portico added, would be one hundred thirty cubits long. AND ANOTHER PORTICO IN FRONT OF THE GREATER PORTICO, — that is to say, Solomon "in front," that is before this greater portico adhering to the house of the forest (for this portico was the house itself as it were an entrance and vestibule) made another smaller portico, proportioned to the gradation, beauty and ornament of the greater portico.
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7. HE ALSO MADE A PORTICO OF THE THRONE IN WHICH IS THE JUDGMENT SEAT. — This is the third portico, not a vestibular one, but a judicial one, and therefore not annexed to the house of the forest of Lebanon, like the two previously mentioned, but separate and standing by itself, not far however from the other two, and distant from the house of the forest of Lebanon. This portico is called "of the throne," because in it was the royal and judicial throne of Solomon, surrounded by statues of lions, concerning which chapter x, 18. Thus Abulensis and Pineda.
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8. AND A SMALL HOUSE IN WHICH HE SAT TO JUDGE, WAS IN THE MIDST OF THE PORTICO, — that is to say, In this third portico there was a small house, in which was the throne or seat of Solomon already mentioned, next to which and around which were lower thrones or seats, in which sat the counselors and princes with Solomon to judge, as it were his assessors: from all of which was formed a judicial tribunal, consisting of several judges' seats, which small house was enclosed by a certain small building, and as it were covered, so that the assessors with Solomon, about to consult together in secret concerning some matter, or to pronounce sentence, might be separated from the litigants, and from the people, who walked about in the portico round about, or came to judgment. Wherefore this small house was a certain smaller edifice; made of cedar, and closed on all sides, OF TYRE THE SON OF A WIDOW WOMAN OF THE TRIBE OF NAPHTALI, HIS FATHER A TYRIAN. — Refer "of the tribe of Naphtali" not to the widow woman, but to Hiram the craftsman. For he was of the tribe of Naphtali, as is evident from the Hebrew, Chaldean and Septuagint; but his mother was of the tribe of Dan, as is said in II Paralipomenon II, 13. and closed, so that it might contain only the king with his counselors, having however its own door, through which litigants and others seeking their right or some favor might approach the king's throne, and from him might seek and obtain their right or favor. Having also many windows, so that when these were opened the king pronouncing sentence, or dispensing justice, or promulgating something else might be seen and heard by all the people. For this was as it were the praetorium of Solomon. Thus Lyran, Dionysius, Salian and Pineda, lib. VII On the Affairs of Solomon, cap. vii. AND HE ALSO MADE A HOUSE (PALACE) FOR THE DAUGHTER OF PHARAOH, — as it were for his principal wife and queen. The reason is given in II Paralipomenon viii, 11, where it is said: "But the daughter of Pharaoh he removed from the city of David to the house which he had built for her. For the king said: My wife shall not dwell in the house of David king of Israel, because it is sanctified, since the ark of the Lord hath entered into it."
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9. ALL WITH PRECIOUS STONES, — namely, they were made of marble, either Parian, or porphyretic, or ophite, or serpentine, etc., for it would have been too costly to fabricate everything in so vast a house from gems, namely from emeralds, carbuncles, diamonds, etc. "Precious stone" therefore is called here precious marble. AND WITHOUT (some wrongly read, within) UNTO THE GREATER COURT. — Hence it is evident that, besides the three porticos already mentioned, there was in these houses of Solomon a greater court, concerning which verse 12; for the porticos appear to have been made of the same precious stone or marble, from which the house itself was made, as this passage intimates.
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11. LIKEWISE OF CEDAR, — that is to say, The cedars employed in the construction of Solomon's houses were cut and fitted in equal measure, just as the precious stones of the same were cut.
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12. And the greater court round (in the houses of Solomon already mentioned verse 9, understand that Solomon made), OF THREE ROWS OF HEWN STONES, AND ONE ROW OF HEWN CEDAR: AND LIKEWISE IN THE INNER COURT OF THE HOUSE OF THE LORD, AND IN THE PORTICO OF THE HOUSE, — that is to say, Just as Solomon in the court of the temple within, that is in the court of the priests, made a wall having three rows of hewn stones, and one of hewn cedar, so that by this wall he might separate the inner court of the priests from the outer court of the laity, as was said, chapter vi, 36; so likewise he did the same in the courts of the houses built by him, and in the portico. You will say: The court of the priests as well as of the laity was square, as I said chapter vi, verse 36, how therefore is it said here to be round? I answer: It was square consisting of seven square areas; it is nevertheless called round, because it was surrounded about by three rows of stones already mentioned. Whence for "round" in Hebrew סביב sabib, that is round about, or in the circuit, which circuit here was square, not round. Thus Pineda, lib. V, cap. avi, at the end.
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14. THE KING SOLOMON ALSO SENT, AND TOOK HIRAM You will say: How therefore is the father of Hiram said to have been Tyrian? I answer: Hiram by nation was a Jew, namely a Naphthalite; but by dwelling and by the practice of his craft he was Tyrian. For he dwelt in Tyre, and there he had learned and practiced the art of working skillfully. Thus St. Jerome, the Hebrews, Lyran, Cajetan and others. Thus St. Paul is called Tarsian, because he was born and educated in Tarsus, although by nation and lineage he was a Hebrew.
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15. AND HE MADE TWO BRAZEN COLUMNS — BOAZ and Jachin. These two columns of the temple are described here, cast, up to verse 23. EIGHTEEN CUBITS HIGH, ONE COLUMN. — Understand this as to the shaft or stem of the column, for in II Paralipomenon III, 15, it is said that each column was 35 cubits, namely by adding and reckoning also the quantity of the base, capital and crown, with which it was adorned at the apex. Thus Abulensis, Lyra and Cajetan. But these in just architectural proportion cannot ascend to such a height that they would almost equal the columns themselves. Wherefore others answer better that both columns joined together were 35 cubits: for although universally it would be 36 cubits (for twice eighteen make 36), yet in each a middle cubit was inserted with its capital, and in it was hidden and did not appear. Thus Vatablus and Ribera, lib. II De Templo, cap. xii. Thirdly, and most probably, Villalpandus, lib. V, cap. v, and from him Salianus answer that each column with its base was seventeen and a half cubits, excluding the plinth which completes the eighteenth. But the reason for the exclusion of the plinth was that the rest of the column with its base was hollow, which for that reason had to rest upon a solid plinth, and therefore the plinth was cast separately from the column; for the plinth is the last part of the base, which lies beneath the spirals, so called because it represents in its form a brick (πλίνθον), (whence also in French they are called plinths); for the plinth is a level width like a board. Whence also in Vitruvius, lib. III, cap. ii, the plinths of the spirals are the plinths of the bases. The plinth therefore, that is the lowest part of the bases, is not reckoned here, because the architect prudently wished to cast this solid, so that the whole work of the column, which was hollow, might sustain and contain it more firmly: therefore both columns joined together were 35 cubits excluding the plinth, because each was high seventeen and a half cubits; double these, and you will have 35 cubits. AND A LINE OF TWELVE CUBITS COMPASSED BOTH THE COLUMNS. — In Hebrew, and a cord of twelve cubits compassed the second column: if the second, therefore also the first: for these two columns were altogether equal and alike. By line, or, as it is in Hebrew, cord, understand a measure: for by a cord we measure the thickness of things, as if to say, These columns in circumference and thickness had a measure of twelve cubits: "line" therefore denotes the perimeter, or circumference. Now Villalpandus, and from him Salianus, wish not one, but "both" columns joined together to have had this measure of twelve cubits, so that half of the line or cord of 12 cubits compassed one column, the other half of the cord the other: thus so that one column would be thick six cubits, and the other as many, and consequently both together would be thick 12 cubits: for this is what symmetry and proportion require, so that when each column was high 18 cubits, it would not be thick except six cubits: for height is triple to thickness. But that each column was thick 12 cubits Josephus expressly teaches, and Jeremiah, cap. lii, vers. 21, where describing these columns carried off by the Chaldeans laying waste Jerusalem, he says: "A cord of twelve cubits compassed it," namely one column. Thus also the Septuagint here: And the perimeter, they say, of twelve cubits a cord compassed it (the first column), and thus the second column, namely was likewise 12 cubits, etc., and the Chaldean, and a cord, he says, of twelve cubits compassed it, and thus the second column did. These were therefore not so much columns made for the symmetry and proportion of architectural columns, as masses and towers, or certain huge brazen fortifications erected for the magnificence and defense of the temple. Thus at Rome the column of Trajan (as also another of the Emperor Antoninus) is very thick like a tower, so much so that several men with arms outstretched cannot embrace it in circumference. Whence also intrinsically it contains a spiral, by which by steps from the bottom to the top one ascends. Finally, the ancients looked to other reasons and proportions of their structures, different from those which Vitruvius and later architects looked to. Thus Sanchez, Vatablus, Pagninus and others. Moreover Jeremiah adds that these columns were hollow on the inside, yet in such a way that the thickness of bronze on the outside was four fingers in circumference. Whence Vilalpandus, lib. V, cap. xxxvii, weighing these measurements in just proportion according to his opinion, judges that each of these columns weighed five thousand talents, but both together ten thousand talents. Eupolemus adds, according to Eusebius, that Solomon clothed the entire columns with gold to the thickness of one finger. Whence Vilalpandus concludes that in clothing these columns with gold ninety-five millions were expended. Finally, if the column had twelve cubits in circumference: therefore in circumference or in the diameter of this circle it had four cubits: for the diameter is the third part of the perimeter or circle: for the circle contains the diameter three times, and moreover a seventh part of it; wherefore between the diameter and the circle is that proportion which is between seven and twenty-two. Thus Abulensis, Ribera, Vatablus. Moreover in proportion and symmetry of thickness to height, thickness is considered not so much of the circle or circumference, as of the diameter. Since therefore this column was thick in diameter only four cubits, but high eighteen cubits, the proportion between thickness and height was that which is between 4 and 18, which is sufficiently equal and fitting. For the proportions of columns are derived from the dimensions and proportions of men. We observe indeed among men some to be slender but tall, others thick and short; because what nature gives to thickness, it takes away from height: this column therefore was similar to these, thick and short. Add that this column, besides the eighteen cubits of its shaft or stem, had moreover five cubits of capital, which joined to 18 make 23, therefore each column was high twenty-three cubits.
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17. AND AS IT WERE IN THE MANNER OF A NET AND OF CHAINS, etc., — that is to say, These capitals were encircled with certain bronze bands (says Josephus) in the manner of a net or chains, which had at intervals openings like rings and lattices, through which the elegance of the capitals (for they were lily-shaped, says Josephus, or had the form of lilies) might appear. SEVEN ROWS OF NETWORKS IN ONE CAPITAL, — that is to say, These bands already mentioned encircled each capital seven times, so that they made as it were seven bands or rows and circles: therefore he calls circles rows.
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18. AND HE FINISHED THE COLUMNS, AND TWO ORDERS ROUND ABOUT OF NETWORKS OF EACH, THAT THEY MIGHT COVER THE CAPITALS, — that is to say, Each capital, and consequently each column, had two networks, or a double reticulated and latticed crown, which like a net surrounded the capital and covered and adorned it. Thus Sanchez. Better Ribera understands by "two orders of networks" two orders of pomegranates hanging from the networks. This is evident from the Hebrew and the Septuagint, which have: Two orders of bronze pomegranates woven with networks, a hanging work, order upon order; and from Josephus, who says: "Two series of pomegranates, two hundred in number, hung down from them." The sense therefore is, that is to say, Each seven rows, or circles, of network of each column had two orders of pomegranates: for one hundred pomegranates in the middle of each row or circle were interposed and as it were inserted, as is evident from II Paralipomenon cap. III, vers. 16, the remaining one hundred pomegranates from the same rows or circles hung down alternately, so that two orders of pomegranates were joined to each network, as is said in II Paralipomenon cap. IV, 13. THAT THEY MIGHT COVER THE CAPITALS, WHICH WERE UPON THE TOP OF THE POMEGRANATES, — that is to say, He made these two networks, that they might cover and surround the capital, which networks were distributed into seven rows, or circles, upon the top of the pomegranates: for the upper row, or circle part was upon the top of the pomegranates hanging, or depending from the circle below. Thus Ribera, lib. II, cap. xiv. It is added in II Paral. III, 16: "Moreover" he made "as it were little chains in the Oracle," that is to say, These bands of chains, or these reticulated networks were such as were those which had been made in the Oracle, or in the Holy of Holies. Thus Ribera, lib. II, cap. xiv. Otherwise Cajetan: "He made," he says, "chains in the Oracle," that is, for mystery and signification, namely that those chains might signify, and silently speak of the future captivity of that kingdom or of Israel. IN THE SAME MANNER HE MADE ALSO TO THE SECOND CAPITAL. — Namely in the capital of the second column.
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19. BUT THE CAPITALS THAT WERE UPON THE HEADS OF THE PILLARS WERE WROUGHT LIKE LILIES, AND WERE MADE IN THE PORCH FOUR CUBITS. — This passage is altogether very obscure and intricate: wherefore it is expounded variously by different interpreters, but that you may explain it briefly and clearly: Note that each of these two pillars had three capitals; the first and lowest was that which was placed immediately upon the shaft, or stem and trunk of the pillar, whence it is properly called the epistyle, II Paralipomenon cap. IV, vers. 12, and it was three cubits high, as is said in IV Kings cap. ult. vers. 17. The second capital was placed upon the lowest, or epistyle, and was covered with the network already mentioned, in which two rows of pomegranates were seen; above this second capital stood the third capital. Thus Ribera. In this vers. 19, the lowest capital, or epistyle, is described. The sense therefore is, as if to say: In these two pillars the lowest capitals, which were upon the heads of the pillars, that is which rested upon the summit of the shaft or stem of the pillars, and are therefore called epistyles, were wrought in the form of a lily, and that "in the porch four cubits," that is so that towards the porch, that is in width, not however in height, they were four cubits: for in height they were only three cubits, as I have said. Whence the Septuagint for "in the porch" translate, according to the vestibule. Concerning the second capital it has already been said in vers. 16 and seq., for around it was a network having two rows of pomegranates. Concerning the third, or uppermost, capital it will be said in the next vers. Thus Vitruvius, and from him Architects place a threefold capital upon pillars, namely the epistyle, the zophorus and the cornice. The epistyle is the capital which is placed immediately upon the shaft, or stem, of the pillar. The zophorus is that which is interposed between the epistyle and the cornice, which is often seen with cushioned figures and adorned with various ornaments. The Gauls call it la frize, just as here the second capital was adorned like a zophorus with networks of seven gyres and two rows of pomegranates. They call the cornice the very cornice of the capital. Vilalpandus thinks that these three capitals joined together were five cubits, as is said in vers. 16, so that the epistyle was three cubits, as is found in IV Kings ult. 17, the zophorus however two cubits, and the cornice finally one. Others however attribute those five cubits to the second capital alone, inasmuch as it alone had the network, to which they add three cubits of the epistyle, and some of the cornice. But thus the capital would have been in size half the pillar: for this was only 18 cubits. Wherefore that there may be a fitting proportion between the capitals and the pillar, it seems rather to be said that all the capitals did not exceed the measure of five cubits, for these have an architectural proportion with the pillar of 18 cubits.
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20. AND AGAIN OTHER CAPITALS IN THE TOP OF THE PILLARS ABOVE, ACCORDING TO THE MEASURE OF THE PILLAR AGAINST THE NETWORKS. — Here the third, or uppermost, capital is treated, which was as it were a crown of the pillar added, "against the networks," that is upon the networks and in line with the networks, which capital was "according to the measure of the pillar," that is it had the same thickness which the pillar had, namely twelve cubits. AND TWO HUNDRED ROWS OF POMEGRANATES WERE IN THE CIRCUIT OF THE SECOND CAPITAL, — for this second capital, as I have said, was surrounded by a network, from which hung one hundred pomegranates, and as many were inserted or interposed: for each network had two hundred pomegranates. The other pillar likewise in its second capital's network had the same number, namely two hundred. Therefore in both joined together there were universally 400 pomegranates wrought of bronze, as is said in vers. 42, and II Paralip. cap. iv, vers. 13. Moreover the hanging pomegranates were precisely only 96, but Scripture numbers one hundred, that it may assign a whole or full number, and perhaps the four remaining ones were indeed there, but covered and did not appear. This is what is said in Jerem. cap. ult. 23: "And there were ninety-six pomegranates hanging and all the pomegranates were one hundred round about the networks," that is those which were interposed in the networks were one hundred; the hanging ones however were precisely not one hundred, but 96. Thus Ribera, lib. II De Templo, cap. xiv.
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21. AND HE SET UP TWO COLUMNS IN THE PORCH OF THE TEMPLE, — which porch was indeed the vestibule of the temple, and therefore was before the Holy Place, namely interposed between the Holy Place and the court of the priests, of which cap. vi, vers. 3, so that one column stood at one gate of the porch, the other at the other. Thus Vilalpandus. In the first, he says, vestiges of the sanctuary he placed them on either side of the gate of the holy court. So also Salianus, Adrichomius and others. Therefore some wrongly place these columns before the court of the priests, others before the court of the laity. AND WHEN HE HAD SET UP THE RIGHT COLUMN, HE CALLED THE NAME OF IT JACHIN; LIKEWISE HE REARED UP THE SECOND COLUMN (on the left), AND HE CALLED THE NAME THEREOF BOOZ. — BOOZ and Jachin in Hebrew is the same as direction and rectitude, from the root כון cun, that is to direct. Whence the Septuagint in II Paralipomenon cap. III, vers. last, translate κατόρθωσις, that is correction, direction, right affection. Booz in Hebrew is the same as in it is strength. Whence the Septuagint translate, ἰσχύς, that is, force and vigor. Some, as Bede, Abulensis, Vatablus, Ribera, think that Solomon signified by these two names "Jachin" and "Booz" namely that he desired the firmness and stability of the temple. For indeed "Jachin" sometimes signifies firmness and fortitude. Better Cajetan and others distinguish these two, and by "Jachin," that is direction, they understand prudence and wisdom; by "Booz" however fortitude and firmness; so that Solomon by "Jachin" signified this temple to be most elegantly built by wonderful artifice and wisdom; by "Booz" however to be most firmly founded, fortified and established: and that by the same names he made manifest his desire and vow, as if to say, Would that God might direct my this temple, as it were his Jachin, and might strengthen it, as it were his Booz, so that it might be cast down by no enemy, by no thunderbolt. Would that God might protect, direct and confirm my this, or rather his temple for a very long time! Again the right column "Jachin," says Cajetan, signified the directive rule both of God over all creatures and men, but especially the Israelites and their temple; then of the kings and kingdom of Israel: whence both columns were crowned. The left column "Booz" however signified the strength to execute those things which by "Jachin," that is by directive rule, have been prudently ordained: for both are in God and God's providence, which governs all things wisely and strongly: both also are necessary to kings. Therefore Solomon gave thanks to God for both, and at the same time wished and asked that God might show both in the protection of the temple and people and kingdom, and might communicate the same to him and his successors for ruling well. Allegorically, these columns of the temple signify the wisdom equally as the firmness of the Church: for she herself is the pillar and ground of truth, as alluding hither the Apostle says, I to Timothy cap. III. vers. 15. See the things said there. Wherefore Jachin represents the Doctors and Rulers of the Church: for these teach others and direct them in the way of virtue and salvation; Booz signifies Martyrs and strong men. Whence St. Jerome, Bede, Eucherius and Angelomus: The columns, they say, are the Apostles and Doctors, because by contemplation they are raised up to things above, and strong in faith and work. They are two, because they support Jews and Gentiles. They are before the doors of the temple, so that they might lead both into the temple, that is, into heaven. Again they are two so arranged, that they teach us that in prosperity and adversity we ought to have the entrance of the heavenly country continually before the eyes of our mind, so that we might not be cast down by adversities, nor be lifted up by prosperity, but between both constant in faith and virtue tend toward heaven. Thus the cited authors. A line of 12 cubits, says Bede, is the norm of Apostolic institution. A capital is imposed on the columns, because "he who shall persevere unto the end, and shall have striven lawfully, shall be crowned," as the Apostle says: "For he that striveth in the agone is not crowned except he strive lawfully." The height of the capital is five cubits; because a crown is given for the five pleasures of the senses courageously despised and overcome. A band encircling the capital is beatitude, which Theologians call accidental: it encircles it seven times, because this beatitude arises from many things, and there are many causes of rejoicing, for seven is put for many. Moreover, each of the saints eminent in faith and virtue are columns, brazen on account of their firmness in good works, erected by intention, lofty by contemplation, grooved or hollowed out by mortification, by which they restrain perverse appetites and diminish themselves through the maceration of the flesh, which hollowing out can also be referred to humility. Secondly, the two capitals are the two testaments, to the meditation and observance of which holy Doctors submit themselves both in mind and body. Thirdly, the species of chains and the likeness of a net in the capitals is the variety of spiritual virtues in the saints. Fourthly, two hundred pomegranates signify their great and manifold charity, union, concord, and zeal. Fifthly, the capitals ended in the flower of a lily. For what is designated by a lily except eternal happiness, and the pleasantness of paradise redolent with the flowers of immortality, into which all the Saints finally end, and which they proclaim with others, as it were displaying it on high and proposing it to be merited. Thus Angelomus and Bede: "What," they say, "is designated by lilies except the clarity of the heavenly homeland and the pleasantness of paradise redolent with the flowers of immortality." For more minute details see Ribera, lib. II De Templo, cap. xv.
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22. AND UPON THE HEADS OF THE COLUMNS HE SET A WORK IN THE MANNER OF A LILY,—that is to say, he imposed upon the whole work of the columns and capitals, as it were a crown, a lily, or the form of a lily made of the same brass, both to display the beauty of the temple, and to request its flower from God, namely that piety and pure and chaste worship of God might flourish in it. For the lily is a symbol of purity and virginity, equally of the glorious resurrection of Christ and the Saints, according to that which the Church sings to the Martyrs in the Ecclesiastical Office: "The youth of the Saints shall be renewed like the eagle's, and they shall flourish as a lily in the city of the Lord;" and at Paschal time: "Thy Saints, O Lord, shall flourish as a lily, and as the odor of balm shall they be before Thee, Alleluia." And that of the Spouse: "I am the flower of the field and the lily of the valleys," Cant. II, 1. See the things said there; and Ecclus. xxxix, 19, and Osee xiv, 6, where I have said much concerning the symbols of lilies. Solomon therefore, placing a lily upon the temple, presented the purity, splendor, happiness and eternal glory of Christ, the Blessed Virgin, and the Saints: for the temple was a figure of heaven, and of heavenly conversation, resurrection and glory. Tropologically, each faithful and holy person needs a twofold column, that he may become a temple of God, namely Jachin, that is, prudent and right direction for discerning what is to be done; and Booz, that is, fortitude for executing it. For prudence goes before as a light, showing the way of virtue and holiness, whence it occupies the right hand: but fortitude follows as the left, that what prudence shows is to be done, it may bring forth strongly into action. Each is the work of Solomon, that is, of Christ; wherefore from him by supplicant and assiduous prayers is it to be sought by each. For neither alone suffices, but if both are joined together, it perfects all things, overcomes all things, and raises man to the summit of holiness and into heaven: for the Holy Spirit ought to direct us in the way of salvation, and then strengthen us, that we may pursue it constantly through so many enemies, temptations, difficulties. Whence Solomon, Prov. III, 6: "In all thy ways," he says, "think upon him, and he shall direct thy steps." And his father David frequently in the Psalms requests the same thing, as Psalm cxviii, 5: "O that my ways may be directed to keep thy justifications." And vers. 133: "Direct my steps according to thy word," Psalm xxvi, vers. 11: "Direct me in the right path." Psalm cxxxix, 17: "Direct the work of our hands." But to Joshua God says, cap. I, vers. 6, 7 and 9: "Be strong and be valiant" to overcome the Chanaanites, "fear not and be not afraid, because the Lord thy God is with thee in all things whithersoever thou shalt go." And to David: "My arm shall strengthen him," Psalm lxxxviii, vers. 22.
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23. HE MADE ALSO A MOLTEN SEA OF TEN CUBITS FROM BRIM TO BRIM, ROUND ALL ABOUT. — Here he calls by the name of sea a huge basin, which held a great quantity of water, from which water flowed for the washing of the hands and feet of the priests (for these ministered in the temple with bare feet). Whence in verses 26 and 31, it is called "laver," that is, a washing vessel from its end and use, but from its capacity it is here called "sea," and that "molten," that is, cast from bronze. It was "round:" whence its diameter was ten cubits from brim to brim, that is, from one extremity of the circumference to the other opposite to it: its height was five cubits. Again it stood upon twelve oxen made of bronze, which with their faces looked toward the four quarters of the world. Add to this sea or basin were engraved the likenesses of Cherubim, lions, oxen and palms. Finally, this sea was in the court of the priests near the altar of holocausts, and it corresponded to the brazen laver, which Moses made from the mirrors of the women in the tabernacle, Exodus xxx, 18, where I showed that this laver as well as the sea did not so much represent baptism, as Eucherius and Angelomus wish (for this laver as well as the sea was not before the court, but in the court itself), as penance, which must be put before the faithful before sacrifice and the sacrament of the Eucharist, as St. Gregory teaches, homily 17 in the Gospel, and Bede, book III On the Tabernacle, final chapter. See Ribera applying each detail, book II On the Temple, chapter xvii. This vast basin full of waters, and therefore called "sea," signifies that the contrition and penance of the sinner ought to be abundant and great, which should pour forth rivers of tears, if not from the eyes, certainly from the heart, according to that: "Great as the sea is thy breach," Lamentations II, 13. AND A LINE (in Hebrew קוה or a line; in Chaldaic, thread, which our translator calls a line, that is, a small rope or measuring cord) OF THIRTY CUBITS COMPASSED IT ROUND ABOUT, — that is to say, this sea, or brazen basin, could be compassed and measured round about by a cord of thirty cubits, that is, in its circumference or circuit it contained thirty cubits. For the circumference or circumference of a circle is triple to the diameter: wherefore since the diameter of this basin was ten cubits, as I said, it follows that its circumference or circuit was thirty cubits. Abelensis notes that the circuit was precisely thirty cubits and one and a half, because the circumference contains the diameter three times, and moreover one seventh part of the diameter: but Scripture in its manner omits and suppresses the smaller number. Hence Josephus says this basin was in the form and appearance of a hemisphere, or rather, as it is in Greek, of a hemisphere.
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24. AND SCULPTURE UNDER THE BRIM COMPASSED IT ROUND ABOUT TEN CUBITS ENCOMPASSING THE SEA, — that is to say, at the top immediately after the brim of the sea or basin there was a certain sculpture surrounding the sea, not the whole, but as it were a third part of it, which was ten cubits: this sculpture moreover was two rows of striated sculptures, concerning which follows immediately. Thus Ribera. Otherwise Cajetan and Abelensis, who by "under the brim" understand the lower part of the basin, which was ten cubits, so that this sculpture surrounded the whole of that. TWO ROWS OF STRIATED SCULPTURES WERE MOLTEN, — that is to say, the sculpture already mentioned was two rows of striated sculptures of molten bronze. "Striated," thus it should be read with the Hebrew and Roman, not "histriated," as the Royal codices read, nor "historiated," as if histories were depicted there, as others read and wish. "Striated" therefore, that is, having striations: striations moreover are channels or furrows, which are drawn through wood or bronze for elegance, so that one part stands out, another recedes, such as we see in Rome in the columns of the basilica of St. Peter cast from bronze. Thus Ribera and others, indeed even Vitruvius, book VI, final chapter; whence Apuleius calls a striated brow contracted and wrinkled, and as it were making furrows from sadness.
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25. AND IT STOOD UPON TWELVE OXEN — which in their front part, that is, with their faces, three by three looked toward the four quarters of the world, but in their rear part were hidden, that is, were concealed under the basin which they supported. Allegorically, the 12 oxen are the twelve Apostles, who by the command of Christ preached faith and penance through all the quarters of the world.
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26. AND THE THICKNESS OF THE LAVER WAS THREE INCHES. — "Laver," that is, of the washing vessel; for in Greek λούω means I wash; hence λουτρόν is a washing vessel. "Laver" therefore, that is, of the brazen sea already mentioned, as is evident from the Hebrew, Chaldean and Septuagint. Therefore Adrichomius in vain distinguishes the laver from the brazen sea, and places the laver to the North, but the brazen sea to the South in the court of the priests, so that between the two the altar of holocausts was in the middle, thinking that in the laver the victims were washed, but in the brazen sea the priests themselves. Yet for both purposes the brazen sea with ten lavers sufficed, of which verse 27 speaks. The sense therefore is, as if to say, The thickness of the brazen sea was three inches, that is, four fingers, or a palm, as the Septuagint translates it, that is three thumbs, which is a fourth part of a foot, or a palm's thickness: for an inch is a twelfth part of a foot, and a foot contains sixteen fingers: three inches therefore are a fourth part of a foot, namely four fingers. This is what is said in II Paralipomenon iv, 5, "the thickness," that is the substance "thereof was the measure of a palm." AND THE BRIM THEREOF LIKE THE BRIM OF A CUP, AND THE LEAF OF A LILY TURNED BACK, — as if to say, The brim or rim of the brazen sea was like the brim of a cup, and like a turned-back, that is an open and curved lily. "Turned back" indeed is the same as curved and sinuous, and what opens backward. Thus a turned-back neck is curved: a turned-back breast or back is curved. Whence Pliny, book XIV, chapter xxii: "To these things pertains, he says, the display of a buxom turned-back neck." Mystically, Eucherius and Angelomus: "By the brim of the cup, they say, the taste of the Lord's passion, by the leaf of the turned-back lily the revealed clarity of His resurrection is expressed." For both of these we are washed away from in the washing of baptism and penance. For, as Eucherius says: Christ, "who before His passion indeed was as a closed lily: shone forth bright as a man with the signs of miracles which He performed, but after His resurrection and ascension showed Himself as a turned-back lily to the citizens of the heavenly homeland, which in His assumed humanity displayed the power of divine clarity, which He had with the Father before the world was. Whence in the Song of Love He wished to designate Himself by the name of lily, saying: I am the flower of the field and the lily of the valleys. The brim therefore of the sea in which the priests washed was like the brim of a cup, and the leaf of a turned-back lily: because the saving washing by which we are made members of the high priest, in faith purifies us from the stain of all sins through His most holy passion, and having purified us admits us to the vision of His eternal glory." TWO THOUSAND BATHS IT HELD. — A bath, ephah and metreta are equal, and are the tenth part of a cor, Ezekiel xlv, 11, namely it was a measure containing three modii: for a cor contained ten times more, namely 30 modii. A bath was a measure of liquids, just as an ephah of dry things, containing as much as a Roman amphora, namely 48 sextarii, that is 960 ounces of water, as Alcazar proves in many ways, tract. De Mensuris, propos. 14; although Vilalpandus makes the bath far greater. You will say II Paralipomenon IV, 5, it is said the brazen sea held three thousand metretas, that is baths. I answer with Vilalpandus, Alcazarius and others, that the bath was twofold, greater and lesser, the greater was one and a half times the other, so that two greater ones equalled three lesser ones. Now Vilalpandus thinks the greater bath held 108 sextarii, the lesser 72; but Alcazar, tract. De Mensuris, propos. 14, thinks these baths were not common, but extraordinary and lesser, and therefore this bath was only the tenth part of a bath. Again these baths were twofold, namely greater and lesser, so that the greater was one and a half times the lesser. But the tenth part of a bath is a gomer, or assaron, which contains 96 ounces, that is eight pounds of twelve ounces. Wherefore Alcazar thinks the brazen sea held 208 Roman amphorae, whereas Vilalpandus assigns to it 4500 Roman amphorae. But as this measure of Vilalpandus is too great and immense, so that of Alcazarius is too small and meagre to be called a sea. Wherefore I think we should not depart from the ordinary and common measure of a bath, and I say that the bath is here taken as common, which was equal to a Roman amphora, containing 48 sextarii and 960 ounces, which make 80 pounds. Wherefore this sea containing two thousand baths contained twice a thousand Roman amphorae, that is ninety-six thousand sextarii, but of water one hundred and sixty thousand pounds. These are two thousand greater baths, which are equivalent to three thousand lesser baths: for they are to each other as two to three: wherefore the lesser bath contained only 640 ounces, which make 52 pounds and 4 ounces, as is evident to one who reckons the proportion of each and compares them with each other. Otherwise Cajetan and Ribera answer, namely that the brazen sea held two thousand baths only, if it was filled in the common way moderately; but if filled to the very top completely, it held three thousand baths: and this is signified in Hebrew by machaziq, II Paralipomenon IV, 5, for machaziq is the same as strengthening, that is strongly and fully filling it held three thousand baths. For the upper circumference, because it was very wide, by its small rim of a few fingers' breadth easily held a thousand baths. For the Book of Paralipomenon is a supplement to the Book of Kings, for it supplies τὰ παραλιπόμενα, that is what was left out and omitted in them. Whence it often recounts a greater number. Thus Vatablus.
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27. AND HE MADE TEN BRAZEN BASES. — For ten lavers, which were supported by these bases. This is evident from verse 38, and II Paralipomenon IV, 6, where it is said: "He made also ten basins, and set five on the right side, and five on the left side, to wash in them all things that were to be offered for a holocaust: but the priests washed themselves in the sea." The lavers therefore were great basins, or lips and bowls, in which the priests washed the victims already flayed, and their flesh cut up, so that when washed they might be placed on the altar of holocausts to be offered to God and burned: but in the brazen sea the priests alone washed their hands and feet: for although the Nethinim had previously washed the victims to be slain in the pool of Bethesda, before they were brought into the temple, yet they washed the animals whole and alive: wherefore in the temple, that is in the court again by the priests the same animals now slain and cut up had to be washed from blood and filth, so that they might be offered pure to God on the altar. For this reason the brazen sea was in the middle of the lavers, and had five lavers on the right, five on the left. Thus Ribera. But each laver held forty baths, as is said in verse 38. Josephus has the same in the version of Rufinus: for Gelenius wrongly substituted congii for baths. FOUR CUBITS THE LENGTH OF EACH BASE, AND FOUR CUBITS THE WIDTH, AND THREE CUBITS THE HEIGHT. — The bases of the lavers were therefore square, because they were four cubits wide, as many long: wherefore they were made and joined together from four brazen plates joined to each other, and therefore the joints here, so that they might not appear, were covered with various sculptures, as follows:
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28. AND THE WORK ITSELF OF THE BASES WAS INTERRASILE: AND SCULPTURES BETWEEN THE JOINTS.
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29. AND BETWEEN THE LITTLE CROWNS AND THE WREATHED WORKS, LIONS, AND OXEN AND CHERUBIM: AND IN THE JOINTS LIKEWISE ABOVE: AND UNDER THE LIONS AND OXEN, AS IT WERE THONGS OF BRASS HANGING DOWN. — This passage is intricate and difficult. Omitting the various explanations of different commentators, so that I may briefly and clearly set forth the whole matter. Note first, that "openwork" is called that which protrudes, stands out and is prominent between flat wooden, golden or brazen boards, as it were scraped, just as in shells the heads of lions, men and oxen, etc. stand out and are prominent. Whence in Hebrew it is מסגרות misgerat, that is, enclosures, or, as Vatablus says, carvings. The Hebrews call enclosures the carvings that stand out and are prominent, because these as it were enclose and terminate the flat and scraped board, namely the intermediate spaces of the board that are flat. Whence our author calls this openwork, that is, these carvings, "little crowns and wreathed works," both because they were surrounded with little crowns and flowers and other things woven together and interlaced, and because the carvings themselves or the carved effigies are called crowns and ornaments, that is, decorations, which crown and adorn the board or thing to which they are added. For which reason for all these things there is in Hebrew one word misgerot, which our author translates now "openwork," now "carvings," now "little crowns," now "wreathed works." For some indeed were in the manner of a round crown, some of another figure and form interlaced, which were called "wreathed works." These four words therefore signify the same thing here. They can however through "wreathed works" be understood the joints themselves of the boards, as it is in the Hebrew, so that wreathed work may be derived from πλέκω, that is, I fold, I fashion, I weave, I join: for among the joints of the boards were these carvings. Note second, for joints in Hebrew it is שלבים scelabbim, which Pagninus translates, garments; Marinus, steps; Vatablus, prominences; but it is to be believed our author and the Septuagint, who constantly translate, joints, and the Chaldean, who translates, joinings. Whence in Exodus xxvi, 17, our author and others everywhere translate, mortises. The Hebrew therefore word for word thus has: And this work of the base: enclosures to them, and enclosures between the joints and above (that is, beside or among) the enclosures, which were between the joints, lions, ox and cherubim. And above (that is, beside or among) the joints thus from above: and under the lions and oxen couplings, work of descent. Enclosures, as I said, he calls the carvings of lions, oxen and cherubim, etc., which covered the joints of the brazen boards, lest they should appear to be joined together, but should seem to be continuous, and produced from the same brass, or so that not many, but one whole and solid board should seem to be. The sense therefore is, as if to say, Solomon carved in the bases of the ten lavers various carvings, so that with these he might cover the joints of the brazen boards, among which carvings the carvings of lions, oxen and Cherubim stood out prominently. And so he made these carvings and effigies both among the upper and higher joints, which were above, and among the lower ones which were below: and he added under the lions and oxen couplings, that is, certain thongs coupled and joined together hanging down, that is, tending downward; for this is what the Hebrew has, work of descent. He appropriately carved these thongs, because oxen and lions are accustomed to be bound and coupled with thongs. Thus Ribera, book II On the Temple, xviii.
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30. AND FOUR WHEELS THROUGH EACH BASE, — as if to say, Each base placed upon was borne by four wheels, so that it might be rolled and moved hither and thither. AND BY FOUR PARTS AS IT WERE LITTLE SHOULDERS UNDER THE LAVER CAST, LOOKING TOWARDS ONE ANOTHER, — as if to say, There were in the bases of the lavers certain parts standing out, by which as it were by shoulders the lavers were supported, cast from brass, and turned towards one another.
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31. THE MOUTH ALSO OF THE LAVER WAS WITHIN IN THE TOP OF THE BASE, — that is to say, the mouth of the laver, that is the upper part itself of the base, to which the laver, or the basin of the laver was placed, was hollow like a mouth, so that the laver, being likewise hollow, could be aptly inserted into it, and it was in the top of the base, that is it was in the summit of the base. For thus the Author explains himself in verse 35. AND THAT WHICH APPEARED WITHOUT WAS ONE CUBIT, AND ALL WAS ROUND ALIKE, AND IT HAD LIKEWISE ONE CUBIT AND A HALF. — Josephus explains this clearly, saying in lib. VIII, cap. ii: "In that part where the likenesses of lions and eagles were, they were so adapted that you would think them naturally joined, with palm trees intervening between them. And this roundness had in height a cubit and a half, but half a cubit was covered with carvings, and only a cubit appeared." AND IN THE CORNERS OF THE PILLARS WERE DIVERS CARVINGS. — For, as Josephus says, the tables of the bases, when they were square, had in the corners certain small columns for elegance, by which the sides of the bases on both sides were inserted and as it were fitted together; and these had their own sculptures by which they were adorned. AND THE SPACES BETWEEN THE PILLARS WERE SQUARE, NOT ROUND. — He calls "spaces between the pillars" the very shafts, or stems of the bases, which between the columns in the corners attached as it were in the middle intervened, that is to say, the shaft of the base itself was square, not round. The Hebrew and Chaldean: The closures themselves, that is the sculptures, were square, not round. By closures, or sculptures, he means the bases themselves carved and wrought. And such were the wheels, — that is to say, such were the wheels of the bases, that they seemed able to turn and move, when in fact they were fixed, nor could they turn: and for this reason they had all things which true and movable wheels have, namely their own axles, spokes, rims and hubs. The hub in a wheel is called the very knot or center of the wheel, from which the spokes arise, which thence are drawn to the rim, that is to the outer circumference of the wheel.
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35. VARIOUS SCULPTURES FROM ITSELF, — that is not added, but as it were native and together with itself, so that they seemed to be cast from the base itself.
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36. He also carved on those plates which were of brass, — that is to say, he carved on the upper tables of the bases the likenesses of lions, palms, etc. For he calls "plates of brass" the very brazen tables joined together and laid in courses. And he made also ten lavers. — Behold these are the lavers, whose bases he has described up to this point.
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39. AND HE SET THE SEA (of brass) ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE TEMPLE OVER AGAINST THE EAST TOWARD THE SOUTH, — that is to say, he placed the brazen sea toward the South in such a way that it was turned toward the East, that is to say, it was not directly facing the South, but that part of the South which somewhat declines and turns toward the East. Finally, to the brazen sea and the ten lavers for washing the victims, add from Aristeas, lib. De Septuag. Interpret., after the beginning, that there were in the temple hidden receptacles of waters, which are poured out for washing away the blood of the slaughtered victims, the flow of which, he says, is so constant that it appears a perpetual fountain. And for this purpose there are near the base of the altar frequent openings known only to the ministers. But more wonderful is, and scarcely to be told, the magnitude of the underground receptacles, which penetrate all things to five stadia around the circuit of the temple. Leaden pipes descend to them everywhere through the walls and the floor of the temple, by which all things are washed and cleansed. I have also made mention of these above. Allegorically and tropologically the ten lavers signify the same thing as the brazen sea, namely manifold and abundant penance, which we need in this fragile life on account of our manifold falls and dangers of falling. The forty baths, which each laver holds, signify the forty days of Lent, which are all devoted to penance. See the rest in Eucherius, Angelomus and Ribera, lib. II De Templo, cap. xix, who apply each thing in detail. Martin Luther in this age first denied and took away the sacrament of penance, wherefore he himself was not a laver, nor a washer, but luteous and muddy, nay a polluter and profaner of sacred things, inasmuch as he wholly indulged his cups, belly and Venus, and defiled his body and soul with them, as it were "a sow washed in the wallowing place of the mire," as St. Peter says, epist. II, cap. II, verse 22.
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40. HE MADE THEREFORE HIRAM BASINS, AND SHOVELS AND BOWLS. — For shovels the Hebrew is יעים, which the Chaldean and more recent translators render as brooms; the Septuagint, as small heating vessels; others translate it as forks, bowls; censers; St. Jerome now translates it as shovels, tongs, tridents, now as trowels and creagra. For the Hebrew names are polysemous and signify many things. A shovel is a kind of deep and circular vessel, whose diminutive is a small shovel; wherefore one thing is a shovel, another is scraps, although Calepinus holds these two to be the same. For scraps are worn-out clothes by use, the soles of beasts of burden, refixed nails, sulphured things, fragments of glass and other similar things, which the vilest peddlers have for sale, whom they call scrap-dealers, such as we see the Jews at Rome, of whom Horace speaks, book II, epistle 7: Vile scraps selling to the common people in tunics. A shovel therefore or a small shield is a large small shovel, thus called from a shield, because it is round and concave like a shield. Hence Lucilius, book VI, says: "He struck a wooden small shovel into the brain." And Papias: "A shovel," he says, "is a bronze vessel equal at the bottom, broad and open from above." And Priscian, at the end of book III: "From a shield," he says, "is said a small shovel and a small shovel, as it were small shields or shovels." For a shovel borrows the letter r "from a leather shield, which is a shield without wood, which the Africans and Mauritanians use," says Isidore, book XVIII of the Etymologies, chapter xii, of which the Poet: "A leather shield covers the left hand." Moreover the diminutives of r simple change into l; thus from a mitre the diminutive becomes a small mitre, from a goat a small goat, from a sacred thing a small shrine, from a field a small field, from lazy a lazily, from miserable a miserably. Bowls, in Hebrew מזרקות mizraqoth are vessels for sprinkling or pouring, by which water, or wine, or incense is sprinkled and poured. For the root זרק zaraq means to sprinkle, to asperse, such as are ampullae, by which in Mass water and wine are sprinkled and poured into the chalice. The Septuagint translates them as bowls; the Chaldeans, basins; St. Jerome here as bowls, elsewhere as bowls, elsewhere as censers. Hear Columella: Or a bowl fit for waters, or a flagon for Bacchus.
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42. TO COVER THE CORDS OF THE CAPITALS. — He calls "cords" the circular spirals, which carved into the capital itself went around it in a circle and adorned it. Hence in Hebrew it is גלות כתרת gulloth ketoreth, that is, the convolutions of the crown; the Septuagint, vertimilia; the Chaldean, round vessels of crowns; Vatablus, crowned globes. "The cords of the capitals" therefore he calls the middle capitals, because they had spirals and gyrations in the manner of a rope; for these in Hebrew are called gulloth ketoret, as it were revolutions of the crown, or heads with their spirals encircled and crowned in a circle.
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45. ALL THE VESSELS WHICH HIRAM MADE (for other craftsmen fabricated vessels from gold and silver, etc.) WERE OF BRONZE. — In Hebrew from bronze ממרט memorat, that is, polished and burnished, that is, the best, as the Chaldean and Septuagint translate it, which is called bronze because it is red and shines like gold. See what is said at Ezekiel I, 27, and Apocalypse I, 15. Furthermore, "Hiram," II Paralipomenon II, 13, is called by the king of Tyre "my father," because namely the king honored him as a father on account of the excellence of his art: for "father" among the Hebrews often means a master, a leader, a president, a prefect. Thus Joseph was called "father" by Pharaoh, on account of the excellence of his prudence and providence at the time of famine, Genesis xlv, 8. Thus IV Kings xiii, 14, the king of Israel calls Elisha "father," because he revered him as a Prophet and master. Moreover Josephus adds many other things to these vessels, first, the number of golden tables, upon which various instruments were, he extends to 10000. Second, golden bowls and stands 20000, silver ones 40000, candelabra 40000; ewers 80000; golden bowls 100000, silver ones 200000; golden dishes 50000, silver ones 160000; golden bowls 60000, silver ones 120000; measures or measures of Moses, Hin, and assaron golden ones 20000, silver ones 40000; censers by which incense was burned golden ones 20000, silver ones 40000. But those by which fire was carried to the altar of holocausts, golden ones 50000, hierarchical vestments for the chief priests 10000; for other priests 10000; trumpets 20000, musical organs, harps and lyres of electrum 30000.
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48. AND SOLOMON MADE ALL THE GOLDEN VESSELS IN THE HOUSE OF THE LORD: THE GOLDEN ALTAR, etc., — namely the altar of incense in the Holy Place, before the Holy of Holies, of which I spoke at Exodus xxx, 1. Hence it is clear that Solomon made a new altar of incense in the Holy Place for the old one fabricated by Moses, and he stored away that old altar of Moses in the upper chamber of the Holy Place. For Solomon made all the vessels of the temple new, except the ark with the mercy seat and the cherubim; for in the ark the law was kept on tablets of stone, written by the finger of God. The ark therefore made by Moses he placed in the temple, nor did he fabricate a new one; but he renewed all the other things. Hence it follows:
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49. AND THE TABLE UPON WHICH THE LOAVES OF PROPOSITION WERE TO BE SET (he made a new one in place of the old one made by Moses), AND THE GOLDEN CANDLESTICKS, FIVE ON THE RIGHT HAND AND FIVE ON THE LEFT. — Moses made only one candlestick of gold, that is, having seven branches and as many lamps; but Solomon made five in place of this one. Concerning this table of loaves and concerning the candlestick I have spoken at length in Exodus, chapter xxv, verses 23 and 31. Wherefore I shall not repeat them here. Snuffers, — that is, wick-trimmers, say Abulensis and Vatablus. For a snuffer is an instrument by which something hot, that is, warm, is held, says Festus, which applies not only to snuffers by which we tend the fire, but also to wick-trimmers, by which we take and pluck the ashes of lamps and candlesticks.
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50. Mortars — are vessels properly so called, in which with a pestle are ground things that are to be dissolved, says Nonius Marcellus. Whence St. Isidore, book IV of the Etymologies, chapter xi: "Mortars," he says, "are so called because seeds reduced to powder and deadened are there stored." But in this place the Hebrew is כפות caphoth, which word signifies curved vessels (for כפף caphaph means to curve) and hollow ones, in which frankincense or incense or something of that sort is kept, thus Vatablus and others; whence the Septuagint translates, bowls; the Chaldean and Vatablus, spoons. "Mortars" therefore are small mortars, and thus are called vessels in the manner of mortars, curved and hollow.
7:51
51. WHICH DAVID HAD SANCTIFIED, — that is, which David had dedicated, destined and as it were consecrated to God for the use of the temple. The Septuagint: Solomon brought in the holy things (in Hebrew and Chaldean, the holinesses) of David his father. For things which are dedicated to God are so holy that they are as it were the very holinesses themselves. Note: In the temple nothing could be seen except marble, cedar, gold, silver; so that you may learn that in a soul holy and religious and dedicated to God, nothing but what is pure, solid and precious ought to be found.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
7:2
… The precious wood of the cedar was widely used by Solomon in his many sumptuous constructions (1 Kings 5:6; 7:2, etc.) and likewise by wealthy Hebrews in their palaces (Isa. 9:10). It was also used to build ships (Ezek. 27:5) or idols (Isa. 44:14). Considered a symbol of life and of legal purity …
House of the Forest of Lebanon
… It measured 100×50×30 cubits (approx. 55×27.50×16.50 m). The roof was supported by 45 columns of the same wood, divided into 3 rows of 15 columns each (1 Kings 7:2-5). In the upper part, above the side aisles, there were chambers perhaps intended for the storage of weapons, while in the higher walls of the central nave there were perhaps the windows …
7:12
… midst of vast courts (I Kings 6, 36; Jer. 36, 10). South of the esplanade where the mosque el-Aqṣā stands today were the royal palace, the palace for Solomon's daughter, the government quarter with the administrative offices and the court of justice (I Kings 7, 12).
7:13
… Hīrām-'abhiw in II Chron. 4:16), son of a Phoenician father and an Israelite mother, sent by H. the king to Solomon for the manufacture of the bronze objects needed for the royal palace and the temple (ornamentation and furnishings), described in I Kings 7:13-47. The casting was carried out in a hollow near the Jordan (I Kings 7:46), where there were clayey soils.
7:21
2. - Name (in the Vulgate) of the left column of the porch of Solomon's temple, Heb. bô'az, perhaps for bê'ôz "in strength," referring to the temple (1 Kings 7:21; 2 Chron. 3:17). Giovanni Rinaldi
Jachin (Heb. Jābīn "[He] restores")
… Jābīn "[He] restores"). - One of the two columns erected before the entrance of Solomon's Temple (1 Kings 7:21; 2 Chron. 3:17); the other was called Boaz, with evident symbolism in the two names, which together form the phrase "[God] gives stability with strength."
7:23
… It was the work of the Phoenician Hiram, who had cast its various parts in the region of the Jordan between Succoth and Zarthan (1 Kings 7:23-26, 39, 46; 2 Chronicles 4:2-5, 10, 14 ff.). …
7:27
… Ten bronze basins mounted on carts carried water from the Molten Sea, which was fixed, to wherever it was needed (1 Kings 7:27-39; 2 Chronicles 4:6). King Ahaz replaced the bronze oxen with a stone base (2 Kings 16:17), perhaps out of respect for the Assyrian cult of the bull. …
7:28
… According to 1 Kings 7:28 it contained 200 bath, while according to 2 Chronicles 4:5 it contained 3000 (approx. 800 and 1200 hl.; one bath = approx. 38 l.). These figures appear exaggerated, nor faithfully …
7:40
2. Artist of Tyre (Heb. Hīrām; Hīrām in I Kings 7:40; Hīrām in II Chron. 14:11; Hīrām-'abhi in II Chron. 2:12; Hīrām-'abhiw in II Chron. 4:16), son of a Phoenician father and an Israelite mother, sent by H. the king to Solomon …
7:46
… Israelite mother, sent by H. the king to Solomon for the manufacture of the bronze objects needed for the royal palace and the temple (ornamentation and furnishings), described in I Kings 7:13-47. The casting was carried out in a hollow near the Jordan (I Kings 7:46), where there were clayey soils.
7:48
… 30:25-28), on which the perpetual holocaust was offered morning and evening and on which the fire always burned. B) the altar of incense or of perfumes (Ex. 30:1-10; I Reg. 6:20, 22) in the Sanctuary, of cedar covered with gold ("golden altar"; I Reg. 7:48), two cubits high, one long and wide, on which incense was burned morning and evening.
7:49
Candelabrum with Seven Branches
The candlestick made at Moses' command stood first in the tabernacle, then in Solomon's temple; the latter placed beside it 10 other golden candlesticks, five on each side of the sanctuary (1 Kings 7:49; 2 Chron. 4:7, 20). The Mosaic candlestick, before the destruction of Solomon's temple in 587, is said to have been hidden (Strack-Billerbeck, III, pp. 181, 718). The candlestick of …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.