Eutyches and Eutychianism(EUTICHE E EUTICHIANESIMO)Vol. V, p. 533 EUTICHE E EUTICHIANESIMO. - L'VITA DI
Eutyches, Saint, Martyr(EUTICHE, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. V, p. 533 EUTICHE, saint, martyr: v. GENNARO and COMPANIONS, saints, martyrs.
Eutychian, Pope, Saint(EUTICHIANO, PAPA, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 536 EUTICHIANO, POPE, saint. - The anonymous author of the Liber Pontificalis calls him a Tuscan, son of a certain Marino. It is not possible to establish exactly…
Eutychius, Saint, Martyr(EUTICHIO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. V, p. 536 EUTICHIO, saint, martyr: v. PLACIDO, EUTICHIO e consuoi, santi, martiri.
Eutychius, Saint, Martyr(EUTICHIO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. V, p. 536 EUTICHIO, saint, martyr. - Unknown to the earliest hagiographical documents, he is commemorated in the Hieronymian Martyrology on 2 July as buried in the…
Eutychus (Εὐτύχος)(EUTICO ("ΕΥ̓ΑΥΤΌΣ"))Vol. V, p. 536 EUTICO (“Εὐαυτός”). - A young man raised from the dead by s. Paolo at Troade (Act. 20.9-12). With the imprudence proper to his age (he is called first ναυτάς,…
Eutymian Schism(EUTIMIANI, SCISMA DEGLI)Vol. V, p. 536 EUTIMIANI, SCISMA degli: v. EUTIMIO I.
Euzoius, Bishop of Antioch, formerly Deacon of Alexandria(EUZOIO, VESCOVO DI ANTIOCHIA, GIÀ DIACONO DI ALESSANDRIA)Vol. V, p. 537 EUZOIO, bishop of ANTIOCHIA, formerly deacon of ALESSANDRIA. - He was one of the first followers of Arius, together with whom he was excommunicated and deposed…
Euzonius(EUZOIO)Vol. V, p. 537 EUZOIO. — Bishop of Caesarea in Palestine, where he had been a companion of s. Gregorio Nazianzeno at the school of a certain Thespele. The emperor Valens…
Evagrius(EVAGRIO)Vol. V, p. 539 EVAGRIO. - Around 430 a certain E. published in Gaul, under the title Alteratio legis inter Simonum Iudaeum et Theophilum Christianum, a Jewish-Christian…
Evagrius Ponticus(EVAGRIO PONTICO)Vol. V, p. 539 EVAGRIO PONTICO. – Ecclesiastical writer, b. at Ibora in Pontus ca. 356, d. in 399. A leading figure among the theorists of spirituality in the ancient Church,…
Evagrius Scholasticus(EVAGRIO SCOLASTICO)Vol. V, p. 539 EVAGRIO SCOLASTICO. – Ecclesiastical writer, born at Epiphany in Syria in 536–37, died at Antioch toward the end of the century. He practised law (hence the…
Evangeliary(EVANGELIARIO)Vol. V, p. 540 EVANGELIARIO. — By E. (from evangeliarium [= ius], evangeliare, or also evangelistarium) is meant the liturgical book containing the Gospel passages to be read…
Evangelical Counsels(CONSIGLI EVANGELICI)Vol. IV, p. 249 EVANGELICAL COUNSELS. – Invitations contained in the Gospel to stable forms of virtue through renunciation of natural goods that hinder union with God. Among…
Evangelicals(EVANGELICI)Vol. V, p. 546 EVANGELICI. – Among Protestant authors, the primitive sects, such as the Lutheran, Calvinist, Anglican, etc., are designated by the collective name…
Evangelism(EVANGELISMO)Vol. V, p. 547 EVANGELISMO. — This is a movement of Catholic reform from the first half of the sixteenth century. The name, however, is of recent origin and was coined by…
Evangelist(EVANGELISTA)Vol. V, p. 548 EVANGELISTA. — Appellation, in the writings of the New Testament, for the preacher or propagator of the Gospel (v.). While the terms « Gospel » (εὐαγγέλιον)…
Evangelisti, LuigiVol. V, p. 550 EVANGELISTI, LUIGI. - Papal colonel, b. in Roma on 21 May 1821, d. there at the beginning of the following century. He began his military career on 1 May 1840…
Evangelization(EVANGELIZZAZIONE)Vol. V, p. 347 EVANGELIZATION. — From 1721 the Norwegian missionary Hans Egede, followed later by the Society of Harmhut, spread Protestantism in Greenland, and from 1732 the…
Evangelization of the Mesia(MESIA, EVANGELIZZAZIONE DELLA)Vol. VIII, p. 452 MESIA, EVANGELIZATION of. — The name M., which appears only with the Roman conquest, did not retain a constant geographical meaning throughout the history of…
Evangelization of the Philippines(EVANGELIZZAZIONE DELLE F)Vol. V, p. 785 EVANGELIZATION OF THE F. — During the first discovery of the F. by Fernão Magalhães in 1521, some natives of the Island of Samar were baptized; but the true…
Evansville, Diocese of(EVANSVILLE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. V, p. 551 EVANSVILLE, DIOCESE of. – City and diocese in the United States of America, State of Indiana, established by Pope Pius XII with the apostolic constitution…
Evaristus, Pope, Saint(EVARISTO, PAPA, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 551 EVARISTO, POPE, saint. — The information concerning his pontificate is uncertain or false; nevertheless, he governed the Church between the end of the 1st…
Eve(EVA)Vol. V, p. 537 EVA. – Progenitress of the human race. E. was created so that man might have “a help suitable for him” (Gen. 2:18–20). Adam (v.) called her E. (Heb. Ḥawmāh),…
Eve, Blessed(EVA, BEATA)Vol. V, p. 538 EVA, blessed. — Recluse of S. Martino di Liegi, born ca. 1205 at Liegi, died there ca. 1265. A confidante of s. Giuliana di Cornillon, she shared her zeal for…
Evelpius(EVELPIO)Vol. V, p. 551 EVELPIO: v. CHERCHEL.
Evidence(EVIDENZA)Vol. V, p. 551 EVIDENZA. — From e-videre (Gr. ἐνέργεια), in the general sense, it is the clarity and manifestation of truth. The etymological meaning of the word leads to a…
Evil Complacency(COMPIACENZA CATTIVA)Vol. IV, p. 79 COMPIACENZA CATTIVA: v. PECCATI INTERNI.
Evil Eye(MALOCCHIO)Vol. VII, p. 1142 MALOCCHIO. — A superstitious popular belief, prompted by instinctive impression or by chance unfortunate coincidences, according to which it is held that from…
Evil Speech(DISCORSI CATTIVI)Vol. IV, p. 1003 DISCORSI CATTIVI: v. IMPUDICIZIA.
Evil-Merodach (Bab. Avril-Marduk «Servant of Marduk»; Sept. Εὐαγγελῶδεν)(EVIL-MERODACH (BAB. AVRIL-MARDUK «SERVO DI MARDUK»; SETT. ΕΥ̓ΑΓΓΕΛΩ͂ΔΕΝ))Vol. V, p. 552 EVIL-MERODACH (Babylonian Avril-Marduk, “servant of Marduk”; Septuagint Εὐαγγελῶδεν). – King of Babylon, son of Nabuchodonosor, whom he succeeded on the throne…
Evocation(EVOCAZIONE)Vol. V, p. 552 EVOCAZIONE. — From Lat. evocatio: a magical rite by means of which either a soul from the underworld or a deity from its abode is summoned. E. almost always…
Evodius(EVODIO)Vol. V, p. 555 EVODIO. - A friend of s. Agostino, he followed him to Rome and was present at the death of s. Monica (Agostino, Conf., IX, 12, 31; cf. IX, 8, 17); afterwards…
Evolution(EVOLUZIONE)Vol. V, p. 555 EVOLUTION. — Evolutionism (transformism, phylogeny, the theory of descent) is the scientific doctrine that affirms the natural derivation of higher organisms…
Evolution of Dogma(EVOLUZIONE DEL DOGMA)Vol. V, p. 559 EVOLUZIONE del DOGMA: V. DOGMA.
Ewald, Heinrich Georg AugustVol. V, p. 564 EWALD, HEINRICH GEORG AUGUST. — Protestant Orientalist and exegete, born in Göttingen on 16 November 1803, died there on 4 May 1875. At first (1822–24) he was…
Ex CathedraVol. V, p. 564 EX CATHEDRA : V. INFALLIBILITÀ.
Ex LibrisVol. V, p. 566 EX LIBRIS. - A mark consisting of a small label generally affixed to the endpaper of the front board of a book and indicating, by means of a name or a symbolic…
Ex More Docti MysticoVol. V, p. 566 «EX MORE DOCTI MYSTICO». – Hymn of Matins during Lent, probably composed by St. Gregorio Magno. Lent is the time of fasting, already practised by Moses, by…
Examination of Conscience(ESAME DI COSCIENZA)Vol. V, p. 334 EXAMINATION OF CONSCIENCE. — I. NATURE. — An ascetical exercise by which a person desirous of spiritual perfection, through reflection on his own actions,…
Examinations (from Latin Examen, Gr. Ἐξάγω, Exigo)(ESAMI (DAL LATINO EXAMEN, GR. ἘΞΆΓΩ, ESIGO))Vol. V, p. 337 EXAMINATIONS (from the Latin examen, Greek ἐξάγω, esigo). — In its most common meaning, this denotes the test to which a candidate is subjected in order to…
Examiner(ESAMINATORE)Vol. V, p. 338 EXAMINER. — Among the various consultative bodies established by canon law in every episcopal curia for the purpose of assisting the Ordinary in the exercise…
Exarch(ESARCA)Vol. V, p. 339 ESARCA. — In classical antiquity, the term e. referred to the director of the choir or the president of a college of priests. In the Eastern Empire, the use of…
Exarchate of Italy (of Ravenna)(ESARCATO D'ITALIA (DI RAVENNA))Vol. V, p. 339 EXARCHATE OF ITALY (OF RAVENNA). — Once Italy had been restored to the Empire after the fall of the Ostrogothic Kingdom, its government was entrusted to the…
Exception(ECCEZIONE)Vol. V, p. 45 ECCEZIONE. - There are several meanings of the term e. in procedural law. (phot. Anderna) « ECCE HOMO » - Painting by a Flemish artist of the first half of the…
Excerpta BobiensiaVol. V, p. 564 EXCERPTA BOBIENSIA. - This is the name given to the collection found in a manuscript from Bobbio (present cod. Ambros. G 58 sup. tenth/eleventh century),…
Exchange(SCAMBIO)Vol. XI, p. 30 SCAMBIO. – A fundamental phenomenon of associated life and the specific object of economic science, which might also be defined as the “science of exchange,”…
Exclaustration and Secularization(ESCLAUSTRAZIONE E SECOLARIZZAZIONE)Vol. V, p. 347 ESCLAUSTRAZIONE E SECOLARIZZAZIONE. - I. E. - Temporary e. or s., sacculariatio ad tempus, as it was called before the CIC, is the permission granted to a…
Excommunication(SCOMUNICA)Vol. XI, p. 102 EXCOMMUNICATION. — In current canon law it is the censure (v.), by which a baptized person is excluded from the communion of the faithful. 1. HISTORICAL NOTES.…
Execution of Judgments(ESECUZIONE DELLE SENTENZE)Vol. V, p. 355 ESECUZIONE DELLE SENTENZE: v. SENTENZA.
Execution on the Debtor's Property(ESECUZIONE SUI BENI DEL DEBITORE)Vol. V, p. 355 ESECUZIONE SUI BENI DEL DEBITORE: v. PRIVILEGI DEI CHIERICI.
Exemplarism(ESEMPLARISMO)Vol. V, p. 355 ESEMPLARISMO. – Philosophical doctrine that attributes to an ideal world, existing in itself or in the divine mind, the function of exemplary causality, and at…
Exemption(ESENZIONE)Vol. V, p. 356 EXEMPTION. - In canon law the term e., from its rudimentary etymological meaning (ex emere: to remove, to free from...), has come to denote the freeing of a…
Exequatur and Placet(EXEQUATUR E PLACET)Vol. V, p. 565 EXEQUATUR and PLACET. — A form of control exercised by jurisdictionalist States over acts of the Church, consisting in the requirement of prior examination and…
Exequies(ESEQUIE,)Vol. V, p. 358 ESEQUIE—The most ancient tradition of assisting the souls of the dead with particular prayers has been uninterruptedly upheld by the Church and observed almost…
Existence(ESISTENZA)Vol. V, p. 367 EXISTENCE. — It is the act, fact, or reason by which it can be said that something “is,” and it answers the question “whether it is” (whether it has been or…
Existentialism(ESISTENZIALISMO)Vol. V, p. 367 EXISTENTIALISM. — It represents the latest and most vigorous form of reaction against idealism, which took its name and program from the Danish thinker Sören…
Exodus (Ἐξοδος 'Exit')(ESODO (ἘΞΟΔΌΣ « USCITA »))Vol. V, p. 370 EXODUS (ἐξοδός “departure”).—The second book of the Pentateuch (v.), so called by the Septuagint from the subject of its first part; in Hebrew, from its…
Exogamy(ESOGAMIA)Vol. V, p. 371 ESOGAMIA. — The term e., introduced into sociology by Mc Lennan, signifies that rule, common to all peoples, according to which the wife must be chosen outside…
Exorcism(ESORCISMO)Vol. V, p. 372 EXORCISM. — I. AMONG PRIMITIVE PEOPLES. — A lustratory rite whereby evil spiritual influences are driven away through the use of formulas, gestures, and…
Exorcist, Exorcism(ESORCISTA, ESORCISTATO)Vol. V, p. 373 EXORCIST, EXORCISTATE. – An exorcist, in the current practice of the Latin Church, is one who has received the Minor Order (v. ORDINE) of the exorcistate,…
Expenses(SPESE)Vol. XI, p. 670 SPESE. — Under the name expensae (s.), the division of specific financial burdens is usually indicated in theological-juridical terminology. The subject…
Experience(ESPERIENZA)Vol. V, p. 374 EXPERIENCE. — From experior (I experience, I attempt), in the generic sense it is every perception of contents and data of consciousness (v.), and hence every…
Experimental Psychology(PSICOLOGIA SPERIMENTALE)Vol. X, p. 162 EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY. — The use of the experimental method in psychology—that is, making observations systematically, under precisely determined conditions…
Expiatory Victims of the Blessed Sacrament(VITTIME ESPIATRICI DI GESÙ SACRAMENTATO)Vol. XII, p. 968 VITTIME ESPIATRICI DI GESÙ SACRAMENTATO. — Founded in Naples on 16 July 1878 by Sister Maria Cristina Brando dell'Immacolata (born in Naples on 3 May 1856,…
Expositio Bissexti(EXPOSITIO BISEXTI)Vol. V, p. 566 EXPOSITIO BISEXTI: v. COMPUTUS DE PASCHA.
Exposition of the Most Holy Sacrament(ESPOSIZIONE DEL S.MO SACRAMENTO)Vol. V, p. 383 EXPOSITION OF THE MOST HOLY SACRAMENT. - Rite by which the consecrated Host is exposed for the adoration of the faithful, either uncovered in the monstrance or…
Expressionism(ESPRESSIONISMO)Vol. V, p. 384 EXPRESSIONISM. — This name designates an artistic movement which, in the field of painting, acquired definite orientations and programmatic manifestations in…
Extension(ESTENSIONE)Vol. V, p. 391 ESTENSIONE: v. CONTINUO; SPAZIO.
Extispicina(EXTSPICINA)Vol. V, p. 566 EXTSPICINA: v. ARUSPICINA.
Extortion(ESTORSIONE)Vol. V, p. 402 ESTORSIONE (EXTORTION). - In modern criminal law, this is the term given to the crime committed by anyone who, by means of violence or threats, compelling…
Extrapyramidal System(EXTRAPIRAMIDALE, SISTEMA)Vol. V, p. 566 EXTRAPIRAMIDALE, SISTEMA: v. NERVOSO, SISTEMA.
Extraterritoriality(EXTRATERRITORIALITÀ)Vol. V, p. 566 EXTRATERRITORIALITÀ: v. IMMUNITÀ DIPLOMATICHE.
Extravagantes, Johannes(EXTRAVAGANTES, IOANNES)Vol. V, p. 566 EXTRAVAGANTES, IOANNES: v. CORPUS IURIS CANONICI.
Extreme Unction (Holy Oil)(ESTREMA UNZIONE (OLIO SANTO))Vol. V, p. 403 ESTREMA UNZIONE (OLIO SANTO) It is the Sacrament instituted by Jesus Christ for the spiritual and corporal relief of the faithful who are gravely ill.…
ExultetVol. V, p. 566 «EXULTET». - È il precenio pasquale, il solenne Lucernarium proprio alla notte di Pasqua; in sostanza è l'offerta solenne del cero pasquale (v.) inserita nella…
Exultet Orbis GaudiisVol. V, p. 567 « EXULTET ORBIS GAUDIIS ». – Hymn of Vespers for the feasts of the Apostles, by an unknown author. Heaven and earth are called upon to celebrate the praises of…
Eyb, Albrecht VonVol. V, p. 567 EYB, ALBRECHT von. – German writer, born near Ansbach on 24 August 1420 and died at Eichstätt on 24 July 1475. After studying at the University of Padua, he…
Eymard, Pierre-Julien, Blessed(EYMARD, PIERRE-JULIEN, BEATO)Vol. V, p. 568 EYMARD, PIERRE-JULIEN, blessed. — Born at La Mure d'Isère (Grenoble) on 4 February 1811, he died there on 1 August 1868. Having overcome family obstacles, he…
Eymerich, NicolásVol. V, p. 568 EYMERICH, NICOLÁS. – Dominican inquisitor and writer, born at Gerona (Spain) circa 1320, died there on 4 January 1399. He entered religious life in his native…
Eymieu, AntoninVol. V, p. 569 EYMIEU, ANTONIN. - Jesuit, lecturer and psychologist, b. at Chamaret (Drôme) on 21 Nov. 1861, d. at Marseilles on 9 Oct. 1933. The finest fruit of his profound…
Ezechias(EZECHIA)Vol. V, p. 569 EZECHIA. – 1. King of Judah (Heb. Ḥizqijjāh [6], Gk. 'Eẕnīz, Akkadian Ḥazaqijau) from ca. 718 to 689 B.C. Succeeding his father Achaz at the age of…
Ezechiele (Heb. Jēḥezqēl «God is strong» or «God strengthens»)(EZECHIELE (EBR. JĒḤEZQĒL «DIO È FORTE» O «DIO FORTIFICA»))Vol. V, p. 569 EZECHIELE (Hebr. Jēḥezqēl, “God is strong” or “God strengthens”). — The third great writing prophet, who lived among the exiles in Babylon during the troubled…
EznikVol. V, p. 575 EZNIK. — Also called Kolpatzi, or of Kolb, an Armenian writer of the fifth century, who took part in the translation of the Bible and wrote an Adeerme…
Ezra(ESDRA)Vol. V, p. 351 ESDRA. — Priest and scribe (Hebr. ‘Esrā’; Septuagint ‘Eσ[ē]σ[ē] = ‘E[σ]σ; Vulgate Esdras) who played a leading role in the restoration of the Jewish community…
Ezra (Esdras)(EZR (ESDRAS))Vol. V, p. 575 EZR (ESDRAS). - Armenian Katholikos (639–51), who, under the emperor Ezeilo, when the latter had definitively defeated Cosroe Parwiz (628) and extended the…
Ezra, Fourth Book of(ESDRA, IV LIBRO DI)Vol. V, p. 353 ESDRA, IV BOOK of. — One of the most important apocrypha of the Old Testament. A true jewel of Jewish apocalyptic literature, it enjoyed an exceptionally wide…
Ezra, Third Book of(ESDRA, III LIBRO DI)Vol. V, p. 352 ESDRA, III BOOK of. — An apocryphal book, the subject matter of which is found almost entirely in the canonical books: II Par. 35, 1–36, 21 = chap. 1; Estd. 1,…
Ezrahite(EZRAHITA)Vol. V, p. 575 EZRAHITA: V. ETHAN.
Ezzolied (Anagengge)(EZZOLIED (ANEGENGE))Vol. V, p. 575 EZZOLIED (ANEGENGE). — A song in Old German (c. 1060) on Christ and the redemption of the world, composed by Ezzo, canon of the cathedral of Bamberga. Together…
Eça de Queiroz, José Maria deVol. V, p. 39 EÇA DE QUEIROZ, JOSÉ MARIA de. – Portuguese novelist, born in Povoa de Varzim on 25 November 1845, died at Torigi on 16 August 1900. A keen observer, whose…
ÉcatéVol. V, p. 40 ÉCATÉ. — A minor divinity of the Greek religion; according to some, of Carian origin. Homer does not know her; Hesiod calls her the daughter of the Titan…
École Biblique(ECOLE BIBLIQUE)Vol. V, p. 53 ECOLE BIBLIQUE. – The first Catholic centre for scientific biblical studies, founded by the Dominican M.-J. Lagrange in Jerusalem in 1890, at the suggestion of…
Église Vivante(EGLISE VIVANTE)Vol. V, p. 135 EGLISE VIVANTE. — Quarterly journal founded in Louvain in 1949 under the auspices of the Society of Missionary Auxiliaries. Its aim is to contribute to the…
ÉtudesVol. V, p. 449 ÉTUDES. – This is the principal periodical published in France by the Fathers of the Society of Jesus. It was founded in 1856 by Frs. Ivan Gagarin, Giovanni…
Études FranciscainesVol. V, p. 449 ÉTUDES FRANCISCAINES. – Journal founded in 1899 and directed by the Capuchin Friars Minor of the province of Paris, with the collaboration of other writers. It…
Évora, Archdiocese of(EVORA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. V, p. 563 EVORA, ARCHDIOCESE of. — City of Portugal, capital of the province of Alemtejo, with 22,000 inhabitants. E. is the ancient Ebora Cerealis, reduced by Julius…
Évreux, Diocese of(EVREUX, DIOCESI DI)Vol. V, p. 564 EVREUX, DIOCESIS of. — City and diocese of France, capital of the department of Eure, on the Iton River. It extends over 603,748 sq. km, with a population of…
