Epitrachelion (Ἐπιτραχήλιον, also called Περιτραχήλιον)(EPITRACHELIO (ἘΠΙΤΡΑΧΉΛΩΝ, DETTO ANCHE ΠΕΡΙΤΡΑΧΉΛΩΝ))Vol. V, p. 295 EPITRACHELIO (ἐπιτραχήλων, also called περιτραχήλων). — It is the priestly stole which, like that of the deacon, consists of a long strip of silk, the color of…
Epworth LeagueVol. V, p. 296 EPWORTH LEAGUE. - So called after the small town of Epworth, where the two Wesley brothers, founders of the Methodist Church, were born, it is the association…
Equiprobabilism(EQUIPROBABILISMO)Vol. V, p. 296 EQUIPROBABILISM. – Also called by its supporters moderate probabilism, it is one of the so-called moral systems, whose first defender seems to have been the…
Equirria(EQUIRRIE)Vol. V, p. 297 EQUIRRIE. – Two festivals of the most ancient Roman calendar, on 27 February and 14 March, bear this name and are respectively the last and the first of the…
Equity(EQUITÀ)Vol. V, p. 297 EQUITÀ. — One cannot speak of equity without referring to the classical Aristotelian theory contained in the Ethica Nicomachea and the Ars rethorica. Aristotle…
EraVol. V, p. 299 ERA. - Wife of Zeus, one of the most important Greek divinities. Her nature is debated: a chthonic goddess, or of lunar light, or of the air and atmospheric…
Erasmus of Montecassino(ERASMO DI MONTECASSINO)Vol. V, p. 304 ERASMO di MONTECASSINO. — A theologian who lived in the thirteenth century. He received his first theological training at Montecassino; the predominantly…
Erasmus of Rotterdam (Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus)(ERASMO DA ROTTERDAM (DESIDERIUS ERASMUS ROTERADAMUS))Vol. V, p. 304 ERASMO da ROTTERDAM (Desiderius Erasmus Roteradamus). — Humanist, born in Rotterdam on 27 October 1469 and died in Basel on 12 July 1536. The natural son of a…
Erasmus, Saint(ERASMO, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 303 ERASMO, saint. — Martyrdom of S. Erasmo. Detail of the fresco in room 4ª, beneath the church of S. Maria in Via Lata (8th century) — Rome. Schleiermacher, H.…
Erastus(ERASTO)Vol. V, p. 306 ERASTO. - A name occurring three times in the New Testament: 1) Act. 19, 22; 2) Rom. 16, 23; 3) II Tim. 4, 20; but it is uncertain whether one, two, or three…
Erastus, Thomas(ERASTO, THOMAS)Vol. V, p. 306 ERASTO, THOMAS. — German-Swiss theologian and physician who Hellenized his original name, Lieber, into Erastus, “the most beloved”; born at Baden-Dourlach…
Erath, AugustinVol. V, p. 307 ERATH, AUGUSTIN. - Theologian, b. at Buchloe (Swabia) on 28 Feb. 1648, d. at Passavia on 5 Sept. 1719. A regular canon of the Order of S. Agostino, in 1680 he…
Erbermann, VitusVol. V, p. 307 ERBERMANN, VITUS. – German controversialist, born into a Lutheran family at Rentweinsdorf (Bavaria) on 25 May 1597, died at Mainz on 8 April 1675. After…
Erchemppert (Herchempter, Archempter)(ERCHEMPERTO (HERCHEMPERT, ARCHEMPERT))Vol. V, p. 307 ERCHEMPERTO (HERCHEMPERT, ARCHEMPERT). — A Lombard, monk of Monte Cassino; after the destruction of his monastery (885), he lived in Capua. He wrote the…
Ercilla y Zúñiga, Alonso deVol. V, p. 307 ERCILLA y ZÚÑIGA, ALONSO de. - Spanish poet, b. in Madrid in 1533, d. there in 1594; between 1558 and ’63 he took part in the campaign for the conquest of…
Ercolani, Giovanni BattistaVol. V, p. 307 ERCOLANI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA. - Physician, veterinarian, and anatomist, b. at Bologna on 23 Dec. 1817, d. there on 16 Nov. 1883. The political events of 1848…
Ercolani, LuigiVol. V, p. 307 ERCOLANI, LUIGI. - Cardinal, born at Foligno on 17 Oct. 1758 into a noble family of Senigallia, died at Rome on 10 Dec. 1825. Having completed his studies at…
Ercole I, II d'Este(ERCOLE I, II, D'ESTE)Vol. V, p. 309 ERCOLE I, II, d'ESTE: v. ESTE, FAMIGLIA.
Erdmann, BennoVol. V, p. 309 ERDMANN, BENNO. - Philosopher, born at Glogau (Silesia) on 30 May 1851, died at Berlin on 7 Jan. 1921. He studied philosophy and science at Berlin and…
Erdmann, Johann EduardVol. V, p. 309 ERDMANN, JOHANN EDUARD. - Philosopher, Protestant, b. at Wolmar (Livonia) on 5 June 1805, d. at Halle on 12 June 1802. He studied at the Faculty of Theology in…
Erdély, Diocese of(ERDÉLY, DIOCESI DI)Vol. V, p. 309 ERDÉLY, DIOCESI di: v. ALBA IULIA, DIOCESI di.
EretteoVol. V, p. 315 ERETTEO. - Attic hero, mythical king of Athens, born from the Earth and raised by Athena in her own temple. The ancients and some modern scholars identified…
EriduVol. V, p. 315 ERIDU. – A very ancient Sumerian city on the shore of the Persian Gulf, of little importance, however, in the politics of Babylonia, but of great importance in…
Erie, Diocese Of(ERIE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. V, p. 315 ERIE, diocese of. — City in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States of America and seat of a suffragan diocese of Philadelphia; it comprises the…
Erinclak, Diocese Of(ERINCLAK, DIOCESI DI)Vol. V, p. 316 ERINCLAK, DIOCESE of. - It is the principal district of the province of Siunikh in Greater Armenia. In E. there were numerous monasteries and hermitages, the…
Erinnyes(ERINNI)Vol. V, p. 316 ERINNI. - Minor Greek divinities, whose nature and the etymology of whose name are obscure and uncertain: they are said to be personifications of storm clouds,…
Eristics(ERISTICA)Vol. V, p. 317 ERISTICS. – It is the art of disputation (ἐκέω “I contend”) with the aim of overcoming one’s opponent; it is commonly said that eristics is a degeneration of…
EritreaVol. V, p. 317 ERITREA. — Region of NE Africa that takes its name from the sea bordering it (in ancient times the Red Sea was called the Erythraean Sea) and corresponds to…
ErizaVol. V, p. 318 ERIZA. – Armenian city in the district of Ekeliatz, also called Justinianopolis because it was fortified by the emperor Justinian. In antiquity it was renowned…
Erkenwald Of Rochester(ERNOLFO DI ROCHESTER)Vol. V, p. 324 ERNOLFO di ROCHESTER. – Benedictine bishop and writer, b. at Beauvais ca. 1040, d. at Rochester on 15 March 1124. A disciple of Lanfranco (v.), he followed him…
Erlembald Cotta, Saint(ERLEMBALDO COTTA, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 318 ERLEMBALDO COTTA, saint. — A noble Milanese knight of the eleventh century, a religious and warlike spirit, he placed all his activity at the service of the…
Ermland, Diocese Of(ERMLAND, DIOCESI DI)Vol. V, p. 323 ERMLAND, DIOCESI di: v. WARMIA, DIOCESI di,
Ernakulam, Archdiocese Of(ERNAKULAM, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. V, p. 324 ERNAKULAM, ARCHDIOCESE OF. – Established for the Syro-Malabars as a metropolitan see on 21 December 1923, replacing an apostolic vicariate that had existed…
Ernest Of Bavaria(ERNESTO DI BAVIERA)Vol. V, p. 324 ERNESTO di BAVIERA. — Archbishop and prince-elector of Cologne, b. in Munich on 17 December 1554, d. at Arnaberg (Westphalia) on 17 February 1612. When he was…
Errico, Gaetano, Venerable(ERRICO, GAETANO, VENERABILE)Vol. V, p. 330 ERRICO, GAETANO, venerable—Founder of the Missionaries of the Most Holy Hearts, born in Secondigliano (Naples) on 19 October 1791, died there on 29 October…
Erromango, Islands of(ERROMANGO, ISOLE)Vol. V, p. 330 ERROMANGO, ISLANDS: v. NEW HEBRIDES, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of the ISLANDS.
Error(ERRORE)Vol. V, p. 330 ERROR. — From the Latin errare, to wander, to go astray, it is, in the broad sense, a departure from truth in thought and action; in the proper and restricted…
Erskine, CarloVol. V, p. 333 ERSKINE, CARLO. - Cardinal, b. in Rome on 13 February 1743, of a most noble family originating from Scotland, d. in Paris on 11 March 1811. Having devoted…
Erzberger, MatthiasVol. V, p. 333 ERZBERGER, MATTHIAS. - German statesman, b. 20 Oct. 1875 at Buttenhausen (Württemberg), d. 26 Aug. 1921 at Griesbach. From 1896 editor of the Deutsche…
Erzurum(ERZERUM)Vol. V, p. 333 ERZERUM. - A city formerly called Karin and Theodosiopolis, after Theodosius II, who fortified it in defence of the eastern frontiers of the Empire. E. is…
Esarhaddon (Assur-ahu-iddin «The god Assur gave a brother»)(ASARHADDON (ASSUR-AHU-IDDIN « IL DIO ASSUR DIEDE UN FRATELLO »))Vol. II, p. 71 ASARHADDON (Assur-ahu-iddin, “the god Assur gave a brother”). — King of Assyria from 681 to 669 B.C. He was the son, perhaps the third, of King Sennacherib…
Esau (Hebrew: עֵשָׂו)(ESAU (EBR. ÈFAW))Vol. V, p. 340 ESAU (Hebr. Èfaw). – Firstborn of Isaac and Rebecca. The Bible explains this name, whose scientific etymological meaning eludes us, by reference to a…
Escardination(ESCARDINAZIONE)Vol. V, p. 341 ESCARDINAZIONE : v. INCARDINAZIONE.
EscatocolloVol. V, p. 341 ESCATOCOLLO : v. DOCUMENTO.
Eschatology(ESCATOLOGIA)Vol. V, p. 341 ESCHATOLOGY. – From ἄρχεται, “last,” and λόγος, it is the doctrine concerning the ultimate end of humanity. It is generally divided into individual and…
Eschius (Van Eesch), NikolausVol. V, p. 347 ESCHIUS (VAN EESCH), NIKOLAUS. — An ascetic-mystical theologian and representative of the practical mysticism of the school of Gerardo (v.) Groot, born at…
Escobar y Mendoza, AntonioVol. V, p. 349 ESCOBAR Y MENDOZA, ANTONIO. — Jesuit, moral theologian, born at Valladolid in 1589, died there on 4 July 1669. At first he applied his talent to certain…
Escobar, Andrea deVol. V, p. 349 ESCOBAR, ANDREA de. - A very distinguished Benedictine theologian and canonist of the fifteenth century, born in Lisbon. His works, for the most part…
Escobar, Marina de, Venerable(ESCOBAR, MARINA DE, VENERABILE)Vol. V, p. 349 ESCOBAR, MARINA de, venerable. — Brigidine mystic, one of the most significant figures of Catholic Spain in the early seventeenth century; born at Valladolid…
Escorial (El Escorial)(ESCORIALE (EL ESCORIAL))Vol. V, p. 349 ESCORIALE (EL ESCORIAL). — Town approximately 40 km from Madrid, famous for a magnificent complex of buildings, founded by Filippo II in memory of the victory…
Esdraelon(ESDRELON)Vol. V, p. 355 ESDRELON. - A plain of Palestine, between the Jordan and the Mediterranean, Galilee and Samaria, so called (Iud. 1, 8; 4, 5; 7, 3) in the Hellenized form of…
Esenin, Sergei Aleksandrovich(ESENIN, SERGEJ ALEKSANDROVIĆ)Vol. V, p. 355 ESENIN, SERGEJ ALEKSANDROVIĆ. – Russian lyric poet, born in the village of Kozminsk on 21 February 1895. He is undoubtedly the best known—outside Russia—and,…
Eshcol ('Eshōl' 'Grape Cluster')(ESCHOL ('ESHŌL «GRAPPOLO D'UVA»))Vol. V, p. 347 ESCHOL ('eshōl “grape cluster”). – An Aramean, brother of Mambre, one of Abram’s allies, who followed him in the raid against Chodorlahomor, king of Elam (Gen.…
Eshmon(ESMÓN)Vol. V, p. 370 ESMÓN. — Principal god of the Phoenician city of Sidon, consistently identified by the Greeks with their Asclepius. The etymology of the name E. is uncertain;…
Eshowe, Apostolic Vicariate of(ESHOWE, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. V, p. 363 ESHOWE, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. — With territory detached from the apostolic vicariate of Natal, the apostolic prefecture of Zululand was erected on 27 Aug.…
Eskimos(ESCHIMESI)Vol. V, p. 347 ESCHIMESI. – Collective name for a group of small tribes inhabiting Greenland, Labrador, the Canadian Arctic as far as Alaska, and Siberia. The E. became known…
Esmein, Jean-Paul-Hippolyte-Emmanuel, known as Adhémar(ESMEIN, JEAN-PAUL-HIPPOLYTE-EMANUEL, DETTO ADHÉMAR)Vol. V, p. 370 ESMEIN, JEAN-PAUL-HIPPOLYTE-EMANUEL, known as ADHÉMAR. — Historian of law and canonist, born at Touvérac (Charente) on 1 February 1848, died in Paris on 20…
Esmeraldas, Apostolic Prefecture of(ESMERALDAS, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. V, p. 370 ESMERALDAS, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. — The mission of E. comprises the homonymous province situated in the northern part of the Republic of Ecuador. It was…
Esparza Arrieda, Martín de(ESPARZA ARTIEDA, MARTIN DE)Vol. V, p. 373 ESPARZA ARTIEDA, MARTIN de. — Jesuit theologian, born in Escsároz (Navarra) on 29 March 1606, died in Rome on 21 April 1689. He taught dogmatic theology in…
Espence, Claude-Togniol de(ESPENCE, CLAUDE-TOGNIEL DE)Vol. V, p. 374 ESPENCE, CLAUDE-TOGNIEL de. - French theologian, b. at Châions-sur-Marne in 1511, d. at Paris on 5 Oct. 1571. Even before taking his degree, in 1540, he was…
Esperen, Zeger-Bernhard van(ESPEN, ZEGER-BERNHARD, VAN)Vol. V, p. 374 ESPEN, ZEGER-BERNHARD, van. — Belgian theologian and canonist, secular priest, b. at Louvain on 9 July 1646, d. at Amersfoort (Holland) on 2 October 1728.…
Espero and Zoe, Saints, Martyrs(ESPERO E ZOE, SANTI, MARTIRI)Vol. V, p. 378 ESPERO and ZOE, saints, martyrs. — They are commemorated together with their sons Theodulus and Cittacus on 2 May. They were servants of a certain Catalus, a…
Espinosa, Diego deVol. V, p. 381 ESPINOSA, DIEGO de. - Cardinal, b. in 1502 at Martín-Muñoz de las Posadas (Segovia) to a noble but poor family, d. at Madrid on 5 Sept. 1572. The reputation as…
Espinosa, PedroVol. V, p. 381 ESPINOSA, PEDRO. - Spanish poet, b. at Antequera in 1578, d. at Sanlúcar de Barrameda on 21 Oct. 1650. After a disappointment in love, he led an eremitical…
EspostiVol. V, p. 383 EXPOSED CHILDREN. – These are children of an unknown father or of a mother who does not consent to being named, entrusted to the care of the community (State…
Ess, Leander vanVol. V, p. 385 ESS, LEANDER van. — Translator and propagator of the Bible, born at Warburg (Westphalia) on 15 February 1772, died at Affolderbach (Odenwald) on 13 October…
Essence(ESSENZA)Vol. V, p. 386 ESSENCE. — I. It indicates the nature of a thing as such and therefore that which is signified in its definition. If the “being” (v.) is the subsistent…
Essenes(ESSENI)Vol. V, p. 385 ESSENI. — A Jewish religious association that existed in Palestine from approximately 150 B.C. to A.D. 70. They are mentioned by Pliny, Philo, and Josephus…
Esser, ThomasVol. V, p. 387 ESSER, THOMAS. - Last secretary of the S. Congregation of the Index, born at Aachen on 7 Apr. 1850, died at Rome on 13 March 1926. He studied at Bonn,…
Est, Van WilhelmVol. V, p. 387 EST, VAN WILHELM : V. ESTIUS, GULIRLMUS.
Estaço, AchillesVol. V, p. 387 ESTAÇO, ACHILLES. - Portuguese humanist, b. at Vidigueira (Evora) in 1524, d. at Rome in Sept. 1581. He studied philology and theology at Coimbra, Pa- ris, and…
Este, House of(ESTE, FAMIGLIA D')Vol. V, p. 389 ESTE, FAMIGLIA d'. — It descended from a branch of the Obertenghi, of Lombard origin. ALBERTO AZZO II (d. 1097), great-grandson of Marquis Oberto I, who lived…
Este, Pamphilia D'(ESTE. PAMIGLIA D')Vol. V, p. 391 ESTE. FAMILY of - Autograph of Ippolito II d'E., preserved in the State Archives of Modena (12 March 1571). Giulio plotted, together with Count Albertino…
Esther (Heb. 'Estēr; Vulg. Esther)(ESTER (EBR. 'ESTÉR; VOLG. ESTHER))Vol. V, p. 391 ESTER (Heb. 'Estér; vern. Esther). – Jewish heroine after whom the eighth of the Hagiographa is named, and, in the Hebrew Bible, the fifth of the maghillath or…
Estienne, Family(ESTIENNE, FAMIGLIA)Vol. V, p. 398 ESTIENNE, FAMIGLIA — Frontispiece of Ulrich von Hutten’s Arts versificatoria, Paris 1528. and tense, beyond the bounds of current logic and morality, in…
Estimative Faculty(ESTIMATIVA)Vol. V, p. 398 ESTIMATIVA. - It is the interior faculty by which the animal apprehends things useful or harmful to its life, and corresponds to what in modern psychology is…
Estius, Guilielmus (Messel van Est, Willem)(ESTIUS, GUILLELMUS (MESSEL VAN EST, WILLEM))Vol. V, p. 399 ESTIUS, GUILLELMUS (MESSEL VAN EST, WILLEM). — Exegete, theologian, and hagiographer, born at Gorkum (Holland) in 1542, died at Douai on 20 September 1613.…
EstoniaVol. V, p. 399 ESTONIA. – Since 3 November 1940, it has constituted one of the federated republics of the Soviet Union; formerly a Danish, Polish, Swedish (1629), and Russian…
Estouteville, Guillaume DeVol. V, p. 402 ESTOUTEVILLE, GUILLAUME de. – Cardinal of a noble Norman family, b. ca. 1403, d. in Rome on 22 January 1483. A Benedictine, after having governed various…
Estrées, César D'Vol. V, p. 402 ESTRÉES, CÉSAR d'. - Cardinal, b. in Paris on 5 Feb. 1628, d. there on 18 Dec. 1714. Son of Francesco Annibale, he took his doctorate at the Sorbonne and was…
EstudiosVol. V, p. 406 ESTUDIOS. — Monthly Catholic journal of general culture. It was founded in 1933 in Santiago de Chile, with the task of exerting a beneficial influence in the…
Esukonziani(ESUCONZIANI)Vol. V, p. 407 ESUCONZIANI: v. AEZIO.
Esztergom (Gran), Archdiocese of(STRIGONIA (ESZTERGOM, GRAN), ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 864 STRIGONIA (ESZTERGOM, GRAN), ARCHDIOCESE of. — City and archdiocese in Hungary. The archdiocese has an area of 7,706 sq km and a population of 1,236,392…
Esztergom, Archdiocese of(ESZTERCOM, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. V, p. 407 ESZTERCOM, ARCIDIOCESI di: v. STRICONIA, ARCIDIOCESI di.
Etam (Heb. 'Ējām, Vulg. Etam)(ETAM (EBR. 'ÉJĀM, VOLG. ETAM))Vol. V, p. 409 ETAM (Heb. 'Éjām, Vulg. Etam). - Name of two Libyan localities. 1. A city in southern Judah, near 'En-Rimnūn, transferred from Judah to Simeon (I Par. 4, 23);…
Etching(ACQUAFORTE)Vol. I, p. 166 ACQUAFORTE. – (From the medieval name for nitric acid, aqua fortis). A print produced by means of a copper plate in which the grooves that receive the ink are…
Etchmiadzin(EĞMIADZIN)Vol. V, p. 135 EĞMIADZIN. – Armenian patriarchal see. Etymologically, it means “Descent of the Only-Begotten,” a name deriving from the legend of a vision attributed to St.…
Eternal Gospel(EVANGELO ETERNO)Vol. V, p. 550 EVANGELO ETERNO. - An expression from Apoc. 14:6, by which Joachim of Flora meant the spiritual interpretation of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, which was to…
Eternity(ETERNITÀ)Vol. V, p. 410 ETERNITÀ. – It is the proper measure of the divine nature, absolutely immutable in its simple fullness and in the totality of its presence—of its own being:…
Eterusians(ETERUSIANI)Vol. V, p. 412 ETERUSIANI: v. AEZIO.
Etham (Heb. 'Ethām)(ETHAM (EBR. 'ETHĀM))Vol. V, p. 412 ETHAM (Hebr. ’Ethām). — The second stage or station of the Israelites on their journey toward the Promised Land (Ex. 13:20; Num. 33:6). The name is probably…
Ethan (Heb. 'Ethān = Firm, Stable)(ETHAN (EBR. 'ETHĀN = FERMO, STABILE '))Vol. V, p. 412 ETHAN (Hebr. ’Ethān = firm, steadfast). — Three or four biblical figures. 1. Descendant of Zerah, famous for his wisdom. In I Reg. 4:31 (Hebr. 5:11), in order…
Ethelbert, King of Kent, Saint(ETELBERTO, RE DEL KENT, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 410 ETELBERTO, king of KENT, saint. - The first Christian king in England, from 593 he had become head of the Confederation of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms formed on…
Ethelwold, Saint(ETELVOLDO, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 410 ETELVOLDO, saint. - Bishop of Winchester, b. c. 908, d. 1 Aug. 984. At first a monk at Glastonbury under St Dunstan, c. 954, at the wish of King Edred, he was…
Ether(ETERE)Vol. V, p. 410 ETHER. – A real entity, extended, yet lacking the more common qualities of sensible material entities, such as weight, impermeability, etc., and filling the…
Ethics(ETICA)Vol. V, p. 412 ETHICS. — From the Greek ἠθικός, moral, pertaining to conduct and to human character: it is the philosophical study of custom and human conduct. CONTENTS: I.…
Ethiopia(ETIOPIA)Vol. V, p. 418 ETHIOPIA. – An inland state of northeastern Africa embracing, together with the true Ethiopian highlands, some of the neighboring regions, with an area…
Ethiopian Eunuch(EUNUCO ETIOPE)Vol. V, p. 491 ETHIOPIAN EUNUCH. — Minister of Candace, queen of Ethiopia, converted and baptized by the deacon Philip (Act. 8: 26–39). That this personage was a pagan, one…
Ethiopian, Pontifical College(ETIOPICO, COLLEGIO PONTIFICIO)Vol. V, p. 430 ETIOPICO, COLLEGIO PONTIFICIO: V. COLLEGI ECCLESIASTICI.
Ethnarch (Gr. Ἐθνάρχης)(ETNARCA (GR. ἘΘΝΆΡΧΗΣ))Vol. V, p. 430 ETNARCA (Gr. ἐθνάρχης). — Etymologically it means “head of a particular ethnic group.” The term, very rare in the classical world (it occurs in Lucian,…
Ethnic(ETNICO)Vol. V, p. 430 ETNICO. – A Greek term (ἐθνικός, Vulgate ethnicus or gentilis) with which Hellenistic Jews designated the pagan, belonging to the “nations” that did not…
Ethnic-Christians(ETNICO-CRISTIANI)Vol. V, p. 431 ETNICO-CRISTIANI. – Name used to designate non-Jews converted to Christianity in the apostolic age (“Ἑλληνός: Act. 14, 1; 17, 4, etc.; Rom. 1, 16; 2, 9 ff.;…
Ethnographic Table(ETNOGRAFICA, TAVOLA)Vol. V, p. 431 ETHNOGRAPHIC TABLE. — A name derived from Gen. 10, because there, in the form of a grandiose genealogical tree whose forefathers are the three sons of Noah,…
Ethnology(ETNOLOGIA)Vol. V, p. 431 ETHNOLOGY. - It is the science that studies the cultural manifestations of primitive populations. CONTENTS: I. Ethnology and its task. - II. Ethnology united…
EtimasiaVol. V, p. 417 ETIMASIA — Throne with the Gospels (text of Io 10:7–9) and the symbol of the Holy Spirit. Bronze panel of the imperial door of S. Sofia (loc. IX) —…
Etourneau, ThomasVol. V, p. 447 ETOURNEAU, THOMAS. — Preacher and lecturer, born in Nantes on 19 July 1853, died at La Chapelle-Basse-Mer on 30 July 1908. A Dominican from 1875. A famous…
EtruriaVol. V, p. 447 ETRURIA: v. TOSCANA (conciliar region of).
Etruscans, Religion of the(ETRUSCHI, RELIGIONE DEGLI)Vol. V, p. 447 ETRUSCHI, RELIGIONE degli. — Religion, and in particular the religious thought of the Etruscan people—which flourished in central Italy during the 1st…
Ett, KasparVol. V, p. 449 ETT, KASPAR. - Musician, born at Eresing in Bavaria on 5 January 1788, died in Munich on 16 May 1877. He studied at the Seminary of the Electorate of Munich…
Eubel, KonradVol. V, p. 449 EUBEL, KONRAD. — Conventual Franciscan, historian of the Franciscan Order, born on 19 January 1842 at Sinning (Bavaria), died on 5 February 1923 at Würzburg.…
Eubulus(EUBULO)Vol. V, p. 450 EUBULO. A prominent member of the community of Rome, mentioned in II Tim. 4:21. He is the first of the group that greets Timothy: Pudens, Linus, and Claudia…
Euch, Johannes VolVol. V, p. 475 EUCH, JOHANNES VON. — Bishop, born into a noble family at Meppen (Hanover) in 1834 and died at Copenhagen on 17 Aug. 1922. Immediately after his priestly…
Eucharist(EUCARISTIA)Vol. V, p. 450 EUCHARIST. - It is the prolongation of the Incarnation (Leo XIII, encycl. Mirae caritatis, 18 May 1902). Just as the Word of God became present under human…
Eucharist(EUCARISTIA)Vol. V, p. 465 EUCARIST - Last Supper, Sculpture of the 14th century, detail of the portal of the Cathedral - Altamura. They then hold that this conception verifies, if not…
Eucharistic Accidents(ACCIDENTI EUCARISTICI)Vol. I, p. 143 EUCHARISTIC ACCIDENTS. – These are the appearances of bread and wine which, remaining unchanged after transubstantiation (v.), constitute, as it were, a…
Eucharistic Communion(COMUNIONE EUCARISTICA)Vol. IV, p. 93 EUCHARISTIC COMMUNION. – It is real participation, under the external appearances of bread and wine, in the sacrificial banquet, in which the faithful partake…
Eucharistic Congresses(CONGRESSI EUCARISTICI)Vol. IV, p. 217 EUCHARISTIC CONGRESSES. — E. c. are gatherings of the clergy and Christian people for the purpose of publicly glorifying the Most Blessed Sacrament, recalling…
Eucharistic Crusade(CROCIATA EUCARISTICA)Vol. IV, p. 583 EUCHARISTIC CRUSADE. - A religious association, established and promoted by the Apostleship of Prayer, of which it is a section. Outlined by Fr A. Bessières…
Eucharistic Miracles(MIRACOLI EUCARISTICI)Vol. VIII, p. 646 EUCHARISTIC MIRACLES. — The Eucharist, although it entails Transubstantiation, the presence «per modum substantiae» of the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ, and…
Eucherius of Lyon(EUCHERIO DI LIONE)Vol. V, p. 476 EUCHERIO of LIONE. — Born into a prominent family, he held important public offices, but around 410 he renounced secular life and, accompanied by his wife…
Euchites(EUCHITI)Vol. V, p. 476 EUCHITI: V. MESSALIANI.
Euchologion (Εὐχολόγιον)(EUCOLOGIO (ΕΥ̓ΧΟΛΌΓΩΝ))Vol. V, p. 476 EUCOLOGIO (Εὐχολόγων). — As the name suggests, it is a collection of ecclesiastical prayers. This liturgical book contains the prayers recited by the priest…
Eucken, RudolfVol. V, p. 476 EUCKEN, RUDOLF. — Philosopher, born at Aurich on 5 January 1846, died at Jena on 6 September 1926. From 1871 to 1874 he was professor of philosophy at Basel,…
Eudemonism(EUDEMONISMO)Vol. V, p. 477 EUDEMONISM. — From the Greek εὐ-θαυσινός (εὐθαί- μοιν, good genius, and hence “happy”), in the generic sense, it is every moral system that places in…
Eudes, John, Saint(EUDES, GIOVANNI, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 478 EUDES, GIOVANNI, saint: v. GIOVANNI EUDES, saint.
Eudists(EUDISTI)Vol. V, p. 478 EUDISTI: v. CONGREGAZIONE di CESI e MARIA.
Eudo of Stella(EUDO DI STELLA)Vol. V, p. 478 EUDO di STELLA: v. EONE DELLA STELLA.
Eudoxia, Empress of Byzantium(EUDOSSIA, IMPERATRICE DI BISANZIO)Vol. V, p. 478 EUDOSSIA, empress of BISANZIO. - Daughter of the Frankish general Bautone, she married Arcadio on 27 April 395. An intriguing and authoritarian woman, she…
Eudoxius(EUDOSSIO)Vol. V, p. 478 EUDOSSIO. — One of the principal leaders of Arianism in the 4th century, bishop of Constantinople from 360 to 370. Born at Arabissus, in Lesser Armenia, he…
Eufronius, Patriarch of Antioch(EUFRONIO, PATRIARCA DI ANTIOCHIA)Vol. V, p. 480 EUFRONIUS, patriarch of ANTIOCH. — When Bishop Eustathius was deposed at the Arian Synod of Antioch in 330, Paulinus of Tyre governed that church for several…
Eugene I, Pope, Saint(EUGENIO I, PAPA, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 484 EUGENIO I, POPE, saint. — Son of the Roman Ruffiniano, he was elected by the clergy and people of Rome following the violent removal from the see of Martino I,…
Eugene II, Pope(EUGENIO II, PAPA)Vol. V, p. 484 EUGENIO II, POPE. - He was a Roman priest of the title of S. Sabina when, upon the death of Pasquale I, he was elected pontiff (11 May 824) amid the conflicts…
Eugene of Savoy(EUGENIO DI SAVOIA)Vol. V, p. 488 EUGENIO di SAVOIA: v. SAVOIA, EUGENIO di.
Eugenia, Saint(EUGENIA, SANTA)Vol. V, p. 480 EUGENIA, Saint See APRONIANO, Cemetery of.
Eugenics(EUGENICA)Vol. V, p. 480 EUGENICA. – A term first used in 1833 (Eugenics) by Francis Galton, the distinguished English statesman (1822–1911), to indicate (according to his latest…
Eugenicus, Mark(EUGENICO, MARCO)Vol. V, p. 484 EUGENICO, MARCO: V. MARCO EUGENICO EFESINO.
Eugenius(EUGENIO)Vol. V, p. 484 EUGENIO. — Bishop of Carthage, elected in 481, after the see had been vacant for 24 years; on account of his virtue and charity he soon became the idol of the…
Eugenius III, Pope(EUGENIO III, PAPA)Vol. V, p. 487 EUGENIO III, POPE. — In the world Pietro Bernardo, born in the environs of Pisa, died at Tivoli on 8 July 1153. He was a canon of the cathedral of his city and…
Eugenius IV, Pope(EUGENIO IV, PAPA)Vol. V, p. 487 EUGENIO IV, POPE. — Gabriele Condulmer, born in Venice about 1383, came of a noble Venetian family and was, on his mother’s side, a nephew of Gregorio XII. He…
Eugenius of Toledo(EUGENIO DI TOLEDO)Vol. V, p. 488 EUGENIO di TOLEDO. - Called the poet, to distinguish him from his namesake and immediate predecessor, E. the astronomer, Chindasvinto transferred E. from the…
Eugenius Vulgarius(EUGENIO VULGARIO)Vol. V, p. 489 EUGENIO VULGARIO. - An ecclesiastic who lived between the end of the 9th century and the first half of the 10th. In Naples he taught grammar and rhetoric;…
Eugenius, Usurper(EUGENIO, USURPATORE)Vol. V, p. 488 EUGENIO, USURPER. — When the powerful “magister militum” Arbogast rid himself, by the murder, of the young emperor Valentinian II, he did not dare to assume…
Eugippius(EUGIPPIO)Vol. V, p. 489 EUGIPPIO. — Christian writer of the late Latin period, born in the second half of the 5th century, mentioned as still living in a letter of 533. He was one of…
Eugénie de Montijo, Empress of the French(EUGENIA DI MONTIJO, IMPERATRICE DEI FRANCESI)Vol. V, p. 480 EUGENIA di Montijo, empress of the FRENCH. – Born in Granada (Spain) on 5 May 1826, to Cipriano Guaman, count of Teba and Montijo, and the American Maria…
Euhemerus(EVEMERO)Vol. V, p. 551 EVEMERO. – Greek philosopher. Almost nothing is known of his life: a native of Messene (it is uncertain whether of Messene in Sicily or that of the…
Eulalia, Saint, Martyr(EULALIA, SANTA, MARTIRE)Vol. V, p. 489 EULALIA, saint, martyr. – A Spanish virgin who suffered a cruel martyrdom at Mérida. It is sung, with legendary details, by Prudentius (Peristeph., III), and…
Eulalius, Antipope(EULALIO, ANTIPAPA)Vol. V, p. 490 EULALIO, ANTIPOPE. - Upon the death of Zosimo, which occurred on 27 Dec. 418, the Roman deacons took possession of the basilica of the Laterano, preventing the…
EulogiaVol. V, p. 490 EULOGIA. — Originally, this term designated the bread offered by the faithful for the Eucharistic Sacrifice, and not used for that purpose; once blessed, it…
Eulogius of Alexandria, Patriarch(EULOGIO D'ALESSANDRIA, PATRIARCA)Vol. V, p. 490 EULOGIO OF ALEXANDRIA, patriarch. – In office from 580 to 607. Correspondent of Gregory the Great. Opponent of the Novatians and Monophysites. Only fragments…
Eulogius of Córdoba, Saint(EULOGIO DI CORDOVA, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 490 EULOGIO di CORDOVA, saint. - Spanish theologian and martyr of the 9th century. At the school of Abbot Sperandeo, he distinguished himself by learning and…
Eumenides(EUMENIDI)Vol. V, p. 490 EUMENIDI. – Minor Greek deities identified with the Erinyes (v.), although some of the ancients considered them distinct. They are benevolent and promote…
Eumolpidae(EUMOLPIDI)Vol. V, p. 491 EUMOLPIDI: v. ELEUSI, MISTERI di.
Eunapius of Sardis(EUNAPIO DI SARDI)Vol. V, p. 491 EUNAPIO di SARDI. - Pagan rhetorician, born about 346; as a youth he was entrusted to the philosopher Crisantio, who initiated him into the doctrine of…
EuniceVol. V, p. 491 EUNICE. - Mother of Timothy, disciple of St. Paul. Luke (Act. 16, 1) presents Timothy as the son of a “believing Jewess,” that is, one converted to…
Eunomians(EUNOMIANI)Vol. V, p. 491 EUNOMIANI: v. EUNOMIO.
Eunomius(EUNOMIO)Vol. V, p. 491 EUNOMIO. — Heretic of the 4th century, born in Cappadocia to a humble family, died at Dacora around 395. He spent his life first in Constantinople and…
Euphemia of Chalcedon, Saint, Martyr(EUFEMIA DI CALCEDONIA, SANTA, MARTIRE)Vol. V, p. 479 EUFEMIA of CALCEDONIA, saint, martyr. — The acts that have come down to us are not authentic (BHG, 619 ff.; BHL, 2708–14). E. was a virgin consecrated to God;…
Euphrates(EUFRATA)Vol. V, p. 479 EUFRATA. — Bishop of Cologne. In 344 he was sent by the emperor Constans, together with Vincenzo, bishop of Capua, to Antioch to obtain from Constantius the…
Euphrosyne the Younger, Saint(EUFROSINA GIUNIORE, SANTA)Vol. V, p. 480 EUFROSINA GIUNIORE, saint. - Ascetic virgin, born in the Peloponnese about 854, died at the age of 69, apparently in 923. Educated in Calabria, while still…
Euphrosyne, Saint(EUFROSINA, SANTA)Vol. V, p. 480 EUFROSINA, saint. - Daughter of Pafnuzio, an eminent personage of Alexandria, born about 413. Since her father wished to force her into marriage, at the age of…
Eupolemus(EUPOLEMO)Vol. V, p. 492 EUPOLEMO. — Palestinian Hebrew, son of John, mentioned in I Mach., 8:17 and II Mach., 4:11. Sent to Rome around 161 B.C. by Judas Maccabeus, he concluded an…
Eupolus, Saint, Martyr(EUPLO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. V, p. 491 EUPLO, saint, martyr. - He was killed on 12 Aug. 304 at Catania, during the persecution of Diocletian. His cult spread between the 5th and 7th centuries in…
Eurasianism(EURASISMO)Vol. V, p. 492 EURASISMO. – A political-spiritual orientation that developed within the Russian emigration, but which also found its points of contact and reflections in the…
Euric, King of the Visigoths(EURICO, RE DEI VISIGOTI)Vol. V, p. 492 EURICO, king of the VISIGOTHS. — Born around 420, died in September 485, he was the founder of Visigothic power in France and Spain. Strong and astute, he…
Europe(EUROPA)Vol. V, p. 492 EUROPA. - One of the five continents of the Earth. CONTENTS: I. Geography. - II. History. I. GEOGRAPHY. It is the smallest of the three parts traditionally…
European Union(UNIONE EUROPEA)Vol. XII, p. 517 EUROPEAN UNION. – The need to create a European union became practically relevant after the First World War. The existence of a “European spirit” and a…
Eusebius Brunone(EUSEBIO BRUNONE)Vol. V, p. 517 EUSEBIO BRUNONE. – French bishop and theologian, born at the beginning of the 11th century, died at Angers in 1081. Having succeeded Uberto di Vendôme in the…
Eusebius of Alexandria(EUSEBIO D'ALESSANDRIA)Vol. V, p. 517 EUSEBIO d'ALESSANDRIA. - Probably a fictitious figure of the Alexandrian priest Giovanni (PG 86, 1, 297-310), who published under this name his own 22 Ascetic…
Eusebius of Caesarea(EUSEBIO DI CESAREA)Vol. V, p. 517 EUSEBIUS of CAESAREA. - Father of ecclesiastical history. SUMMARY: I. Life. - II. Historical works. - III. Apologetic works. - IV. Exegetical works. - V.…
Eusebius of Cremona, Saint(EUSEBIO DI CREMONA, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 528 EUSEBIO of CREMONA, saint. — Priest and disciple of St. Jerome. Born of a distinguished family of Cremona around the middle of the 4th century, while still…
Eusebius of Dorylaeum(EUSEBIO DI DORILEO)Vol. V, p. 528 EUSEBIO of DORILEO. — A zealous and learned layman, highly prominent in Constantinople, he later became bishop of Dorileo. He publicly opposed Nestorius during…
Eusebius of Emesa(EUSEBIO DI EMESA)Vol. V, p. 528 EUSEBIO di EMESA. — Born at Edessa, he was elected bishop of Emesa because of his knowledge of the Greek and Syriac languages. The Semitic style is still…
Eusebius of Nicomedia(EUSEBIO DI NICOMEDIA)Vol. V, p. 528 EUSEBIO of NICOMEDIA. — He was first bishop of Berito (Beyrouth), from which around 318 he had himself transferred to the far more important see of Nicomedia,…
Eusebius of Vercelli, Saint(EUSEBIO DI VERCELLI, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 529 EUSEBIO di VERCELLI, saint. – Born in Sardinia. In the Church of Rome he held the office of lector and later, around 345, was appointed bishop of Vercelli. He…
Eusebius, Bishop of Samosata, Saint(EUSEBIO, VESCOVO DI SAMOSATA, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 529 EUSEBIO, bishop of SAMOSATA, saint. — He took part in the election of Meletius to the see of Antioch. At the Synod of Antioch in 363, presided over by the…
Eusebius, Pope, Saint(EUSEBIO, PAPA, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 529 EUSEBIO, POPE, saint — Cubicle where Pope E. (4th cent.) was laid to rest, with the fragments of the Damasian inscription — Rome, cemetery of S. Callisto.…
Eusebius, Saint(EUSEBIO, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 516 EUSEBIO, saint. — Bishop of Laodicea, who lived in the 3rd century. As a deacon of Alexandria, he accompanied his bishop before the tribunal. He then…
Eusepi, CeciliaVol. V, p. 530 EUSEPI, CECILIA. — A pious virgin, born at Monteromano (Viterbo) on 17 February 1910, died at Nepi on 1 October 1928. At the age of thirteen she entered as a…
Eustace of Arras, called Buisine(EUSTACHIO DI ARRAS, DETTO BUISINE)Vol. V, p. 531 EUSTACHIO di ARRAS, detto BUISINE. — Distinguished Minorite theologian, born probably at Arras ca. 1225, died 7 April 1291. At the University of Paris he was a…
Eustathians(EUSTAZIANI)Vol. V, p. 531 EUSTAZIANI. — This was the name given to those heretics who, taking their inspiration from Eustazio, bishop of Sebaste, exaggerated his ascetic teachings,…
Eustathius, Bishop of Antioch(EUSTAZIO, VESCOVO D'ANTIOCHIA)Vol. V, p. 531 EUSTAZIO, bishop of ANTIOCH. — Opponent of Arianism at the Council of Nicaea (325) and also thereafter. The emperor Constantine sent him into exile (330),…
Eustathius, Bishop of Sebaste(EUSTAZIO, VESCOVO DI SEBASTE)Vol. V, p. 532 EUSTAZIO, bishop of SEBASTE. — Born at the beginning of the 4th century, died after 377. In the dogmatic sphere he was restless, straying into semi-Arianism…
Eustathius, Bishop of Thessalonica(EUSTAZIO, VESCOVO DI TESSALONICA)Vol. V, p. 532 EUSTAZIO, bishop of TESSALONICA. - He lived in the second half of the 12th century. He was one of the most important figures of the Byzantine period; he was…
Eustochium, Saint(EUSTOCHIO, SANTA)Vol. V, p. 532 EUSTOCHIO, saint. — The third-born daughter of the illustrious Roman matron Paola and the senator Tossozio, she consecrated herself to God while still very…
Eustorgius, Saint(EUSTORGIO, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 532 EUSTORGIO, saint. — He is said to have been bishop of Milan between 343 and 350. He is praised by St. Atanasio and St. Ambrogio as a zealous and fervent…
Eustratios(EUSTRAZIO)Vol. V, p. 532 EUSTRAZIO. - Metropolitan of Nicaea, who lived in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, d. after 1117. A dissident and anti-Latin, he wrote several philosophical…
Euthanasia(EUTANASIA)Vol. V, p. 532 EUTANASIA. — From “good” and “death.” In its current meaning, it signifies: “the merciful, painless killing of a sick person considered by now incurable and…
Euthymius I, Patriarch of Constantinople(EUTIMIO I, PATRIARCA DI COSTANTINOPOLI)Vol. V, p. 536 EUTIMIO I, patriarch of COSTANTINOPOLI. - Born about 834 at Seleucia (Isauria), died in exile on 5 Aug. 917. A monk, he was confessor to Emperor Leone VI, with…
Euthymius the Great, Saint(EUTIMIO IL GRANDE, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 537 EUTIMIO il GRANDE, saint. – An eminent ascetic, born at Melitene in Armenia in 377, died in Palestine in 473. He owed his name to the fact that his parents,…
Euthymius the Younger, Saint(EUTIMIO IL GIOVANE, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 536 EUTHYMIUS THE YOUNGER, saint. — Monk of Mount Athos, born c. 828, died in 898. He founded the celebrated Peristerse monastery and numbered among his disciples…
Eutizio, Abbey of(EUTIZIO, ABBAZIA DI)Vol. V, p. 537 EUTIZIO, ABBAZIA di : v. NORCIA.
EutrapeliaVol. V, p. 537 EUTRAPELIA : v. DIVERTIMENTI.
Eutropius the Presbyter(EUTROPIO IL PRESBITERO)Vol. V, p. 537 EUTROPIO the PRESBYTER. — Theologian, who lived in the 4th–5th centuries, mentioned by Gennadius (De vir. ill., 49). He was probably Spanish and carried out…
Eutropius, Saint(EUTROPIO, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 537 EUTROPIO, saint. — Born in Marseille of a noble family in the first half of the 5th century. He led a somewhat dissipated youth, but after the death of his…
Eutyches(EUTICHE)Vol. V, p. 533 EUTICHE. — Born in 378, probably at Constantinople, he embraced the religious life as a young man in a monastery in the surrounding area, where he had as his…
