Elimelech (Heb. 'Elimeleḥh "My God Is King")(ELIMELECH (EBR. 'ELIMELEHH «MIO DIO È RE»))Vol. V, p. 169 ElIMELECH (Heb. 'Elimelehh, "my God is king"). - Husband of Noemi and relative of Booz. He belonged to the tribe of Judah, during the time of the Judges (Ruth…
ElinandoVol. V, p. 169 ELINANDO. - A Cistercian, born ca. 1160 at Pronleroy (Disc), he became a monk, ca. 1185, at the Cistercian monastery of Froidmont; died after 1229. In the…
Eliot, GeorgeVol. V, p. 170 ELIOT, GEORGE. - Pseudonym of Mary Ann Evans, English writer, b. at Arbury Farm (Warwickshire) on 22 Nov. 1819, d. at Chelsea on 22 Dec. 1880. After a strict…
Elipandus(ELIPANDO)Vol. V, p. 171 ELIPANDO. — Archbishop of Toledo, father of Spanish Adoptionism in the eighth century. According to the recent investigations of Rivera, E. was born in 717…
EliphazVol. V, p. 171 ELIPHAZ. - The most eloquent of Job’s friends (Job 2, 11), a native of Teman, a region belonging to a tribe descended from Esau’s grandson (Gen. 36, 11),…
Elisa (Heb. 'Elīsa)(ELISA (EBR. 'ELÍSA'))Vol. V, p. 171 ELISA (Heb. ‘Elísa). — Firstborn of Iavan (Gen. 10:4). The name recurs in Ez. 27:7: the “islands of E.” engaged in the trade of purple with Tyre. The exegetes,…
Elisama (Heb. 'Elīlāmā' "God Hears")(ELISAMA (EBR. 'ELĪLĀMĀ' « DIO ESAUDI »))Vol. V, p. 175 ELISAMA (Hebr. 'Elīlāmā' «May God hear»). — Name of various biblical figures. 1. A chief of the tribe of Ephraim (Num. 1:10; 2:18; 7:48; 10:22); the…
ElisaphanVol. V, p. 175 ELISAPHAN. – 1. A Levite, son of Oziel, head of the family of the Caathites (Num. 3:30) at the time of the census of the people of Israel around Sinai. The…
Elisha ('Elīlā' = "God Saves")(ELISEO ('ELĪLĀ' = « DIO SALVA »))Vol. V, p. 175 ELISEO (“Elīlā” = “God saves”). — Prophet, successor of Elia (v.). He was the son of Saphat, a native of Abelmeula, southeast of Bejsān (I Reg. 19, 16). A…
Elisha (Elisheba)(ELISEO (ELISCE))Vol. V, p. 176 ELISEO (ELISCE). – Armenian historian of the 5th century, author of homilies and commentaries, as well as of a History of the Wars of the Armenians (from A.D.…
Elisi, Fields(ELISI, CAMPI)Vol. V, p. 176 ELISI, CAMPI. - A place where the ancient Greeks imagined that certain favorites of the gods, of whom they were often descendants or relatives, were…
Elizabeth(ELISABETTA)Vol. V, p. 171 ELISABETTA. — Name of two biblical women. The etymology from the Hebr. Elíšéba is “God of the oath,” “My oath is God.” 1. E., wife of Aaron (v.), daughter of…
Elizabeth Called Rosa(ELISABETTA DETTA ROSA)Vol. V, p. 173 ELISABETTA called Rosa. – A mystic of the twelfth century, perhaps the daughter of Rodolfo, count of Crépy, and of Adele, countess of Bar-sur-Aube. Having…
Elizabeth of Hungary(ELISABETTA D'UNGHERIA)Vol. V, p. 174 ELISABETTA D'UNGHERIA. – Dominican, daughter of Andrea III, king of Hungary (d. 1301), and of his first consort, Fenenna of Poland (d. 1295), born in Budapest…
Elizabeth of Reute, Blessed(ELISABETTA DI REUTE, BEATA)Vol. V, p. 172 ELISABETTA di REUTE, blessed. - Mystic, commonly called E. Bona, and “Betta la buona,” b. at Waldsee (Württemberg) on 25 Nov. 1386, d. at Reute near Waldsee on…
Elizabeth of Schönau, Saint(ELISABETTA DI SCHÖNAU, SANTA)Vol. V, p. 173 ELISABETTA di SCHÖNAU, saint. — Benedictine nun and visionary, born probably of a noble family in 1129 in the Rhineland, perhaps in Bonn or its vicinity; she…
Elizabeth of the Holy Trinity, Venerable(ELISABETTA DELLA S.MA TRINITA, VENERABILE)Vol. V, p. 173 ELISABETTA della S.MA TRINITA, venerable. - A Discalced Carmelite mystic, in the world Marie Joséphine Elisabeth Catcz, b. 18 July 1880 at Avord (Cher); from…
Elizabeth of Thuringia, Saint(ELISABETTA DI TURINGIA, SANTA)Vol. V, p. 173 ELISABETTA of TURINGIA, saint. — Principal patroness of the Third Order of St Francis and of Catholic charitable works. I. LIFE. — Born in 1207 to Andrea II of…
Elizabeth, Queen of England(ELISABETTA, REGINA D'INGHILTERRA)Vol. V, p. 171 ELISABETTA, queen of ENGLAND. — Born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, died at Richmond on 24 March 1603. Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, she succeeded…
Elizabeth, Queen of Portugal, Saint(ELISABETTA, REGINA DI PORTUGALLO, SANTA)Vol. V, p. 172 ELISABETTA, queen of PORTUGAL, saint. - Daughter of Pietro III of Aragon and of Costanza, granddaughter of Emperor Federico II, and related to St. Elisabetta…
Elizalde, Miguel deVol. V, p. 176 ELIZALDE, MIGUEL de. - Jesuit theologian and rigorist moralist. B. in 1616 at Echalar (Navarre), d. on 18 Nov. 1678 at S. Sebastiano. Professor of philosophy…
Elkanah (Heb. 'Elqāhāh, "God Has Possessed")(ELCANA (EBR. 'ELQĀHĀH, « DIO HA POSSEDUTO »))Vol. V, p. 143 ELCANA (Heb. 'Elqāhāh, “God has possessed”). — Father of the prophet Samuele (I Sam. 1–2; I Par. 6, 27). Of Levitical but not priestly descent, he dwelt at…
Elkasaites(ELKASAITI)Vol. V, p. 176 ELKASAITI: v. ELCESAITI.
ElneVol. V, p. 181 ELNE. – City of France in the Eastern Pyrenees, an episcopal see from the sixth century to 1601. It is the ancient “Illiberia,” named after the river of the…
Elohim (Vulgate Deus)(ĒLÖHIM (VOLGATA DEUS))Vol. V, p. 182 ĒLÖHIM (Volgata Deus). - Nome ebraico generico del Dio d'Israele, usato come Ēl (v.), di cui è sinonimo e forma plurale (F. Zorell), con la h interpolata come…
Elphin, Diocese of(ELPHIN, DIOCESI DI)Vol. V, p. 182 ELPHIN, DIOCESE of. - In Ireland; it comprises the counties of Roscommon and part of those of Sligo and Galway. The episcopal see is at Sligo; it is a…
Elpidio RusticoVol. V, p. 182 ELPIDIO RUSTICO. — Poet of the 6th century, belonging to the family of the Rustici, in Italy. He wrote a Carmen de Christi beneficiis and 24 Tristichs under…
Elpis, SbrisVol. V, p. 182 ELPIS, SBRIS: V. SOPHIA, PISTIS, ELPIS and AGAPE, saints.
Elsevier (Elzevier)(ELZEVIER (ELSEVIER))Vol. V, p. 184 ELZEVIER (ELSEVIER). - Family of printers and booksellers active between 1583 and 1712 in establishments at Leiden, Amsterdam, The Hague, Utrecht, and…
Elsheimer, AdamVol. V, p. 182 ELSHEIMER, ADAM. — Painter and engraver, born in Frankfurt am Main in 1576, died in Rome on 11 December 1610 and buried in the church of S. Lorenzo in Lucina.…
Eltz, JakobVol. V, p. 183 ELTZ, JAKOB. — Archbishop and prince, born in Trier in 1510, died there on 4 June 1581. Appointed archbishop of Trier in 1567, he was the first German prince…
Elul(ELÜL)Vol. V, p. 183 ELÜL. - The sixth month (counting from nīšār) of the Hebrew calendar, of 29 days (Aug.-Sept.). The name derives from the Assyrian ulūlu. The present-day Arabic…
Eluro, Timothy(ELURO, TIMOTEO)Vol. V, p. 183 ELURO, TIMOTEO: V. TIMOTEO ELURO.
Elvenich, Peter JosephVol. V, p. 183 ELVENICH, PETER JOSEPH. - Hermesian theologian, b. at Embken (Rhenish Prussia) on 29 Jan. 1796, d. at Breslavia on 16 June 1886. A disciple of Hermes at Bonn,…
Elvidius(ELVIDIO)Vol. V, p. 183 ELVIDIO. - A heretic of the fourth century. Nothing is known of his life except that he was a mediocre and ignorant man and a disciple of the Arian bishop of…
Elvira, Council of(ELVIRA, CONCILIO DI)Vol. V, p. 183 ELVIRA, COUNCIL OF. – The first council of Spain and perhaps the first of the national councils in general, held toward the end of the 3rd or at the beginning…
Elzeario of Ariano, Saint(ELZEARIO DI ARIANO, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 184 ELZEARIO of ARIANO, saint. - E. de Sabran, baron of Ansoulis and count of Ariano (Benevento), Franciscan tertiary, was born about 1285 at St.-Jean de Robians…
Eman (Heb. Hēmān)(EMAN (EBR. HÉMÁN))Vol. V, p. 184 EMAN (Heb. Hémán). - 1. One (Vulg. Heman) of the 4 sages inferior to Salomone. He was, like Chalcol and Dorda, a son of Mahol (metathesis for Hamul: I Par. 2,…
Emanatism(EMANATISMO)Vol. V, p. 184 EMANATISMO. — Philosophical and religious doctrine that conceives the world as an emanation, derivation, or development of God. E. is generally intimately…
Emancipation, Act of(EMANCIPAZIONE, ATTO DI)Vol. V, p. 185 EMANCIPATION, ACT OF. — It contemplated the repeal of the laws which in Great Britain and Ireland placed Catholics in a state of legal and political…
Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Savoy(EMANUELE FILIBERTO, DUCA DI SAVOIA)Vol. V, p. 186 EMANUELE FILIBERTO, duke of SAVOIA. — Born at Chambéry on 19 October 1528, died at Turin on 30 August 1580. After the death of his elder brothers, he abandoned…
Emanuele of Domodossola(EMANUELE DA DOMODOSSOLA)Vol. V, p. 186 EMANUELE da DOMODOSSOLA. — Capuchin, apologetical writer, in the world Carlo Prinsecco, born on an uncertain date, died on 20 April 1802. He belonged to the…
Emanuele of Jesus Mary(EMANUELE DI GESÙ MARIA)Vol. V, p. 186 EMANUELE di GESÙ MARIA. - Discalced Carmelite theologian and preacher, in the world Michele d'Ambrogio, b. at Saponara-Villafranca (Messina) on 1 Nov. 1621, d.…
Emanuele RomanoVol. V, p. 186 EMANUELE ROMANO: v. IMMANUEL ROMANO.
Emath (Heb. Hāniṯ)(EMATH (EBR. HÁNITH))Vol. V, p. 186 EMATH (Hebr. Hánith). — 1. A very ancient city of Syria, connected with the ports of Arado (Arvad) and Simira (Gen. 18, 8), mentioned in the list of Tuthmosis…
Embalmation(IMBALSAMAZIONE)Vol. VI, p. 950 IMBALSAMAZIONE. - Ancient Christians generally used two types of i.; the first, an economical one, consisted of placing a layer of slaked lime either directly…
Embellishment(ABBELLIMENTO)Vol. I, p. 49 EMBELLISHMENT. — Embellishments, ornaments, or musical flourishes (which the French call agréments, broderies, the Germans Verzierungen, Manieren, Ornamente,…
Ember Days (Ieiunium Quattuor Temporum)(QUATTRO TEMPORA (ICIUNIUM QUATTUOR TEMPORUM))Vol. X, p. 235 QUATTRO TEMPORA (iciunium quattuor temporum). — The three days of fasting and penance (Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday) at the beginning of each of the four…
Embezzlement(APPROPRIAZIONE INDEBITA)Vol. I, p. 1015 MISAPPROPRIATION. - This is an offence against property, committed by anyone who, in order to procure an unjust profit for himself or for others, appropriates…
Embolismals(EMBOLISMALI)Vol. V, p. 191 EMBOLISMALI. — Thus the Greeks called the months to which intercalary days were added in order to make the lunar cycle coincide with the solar one (at Athens,…
EmbriachiVol. V, p. 191 EMBRIACHI — Tablets of articulated ivory consoni (14th–15th cent.) — Milan, Casa Cagnola. ...nadad, king of Damascus, and Achab, king of Israel, against…
Embriachi (Embriaci)Vol. V, p. 191 EMBRIACHI (EMBRIACI). - A family of bone and ivory carvers active in Venice between the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. BALDASSARRE is the most celebrated,…
Embroidery(RICAMO)Vol. X, p. 499 EMBROIDERY. – Needlework on a pre-existing ground, clearly distinct from lace or net lace, whose ground is made only after the ornaments, in order to hold them…
EmbrunVol. V, p. 195 EMBRUN. — Former diocese and archdiocese of France in the department of the Hautes-Alpes, on the right bank of the Durance. It is the ancient “Eburodunum,” on…
Embryology(EMBRIOLOGIA)Vol. V, p. 191 EMBRYOLOGY. – Considered in the strict sense, embryology should deal with the development of the organism until it is contained within the membranes of the egg…
Embryotomy(EMBRIOTOMIA)Vol. V, p. 194 EMBRIOTOMY. — Fetal mutilation undertaken to complete a delivery obstructed by the disproportion between the diameters of the pelvis and those of the fetus, or…
Emerenziana, Saint, Martyr(EMERENZIANA, SANTA, MARTIRE)Vol. V, p. 195 EMERENZIANA, saint, martyr. — The martyrdom of E. is briefly described at the beginning of the appendix added to the legendary Passio of s. Agnese (v.). The…
Emerobaptists(EMEROBATTISTI)Vol. V, p. 196 EMEROBATTISTI. – A Jewish sect so called because of the daily ablution practiced within it. Hegesippus, cited by Eusebius (Hist. eccl., IV, 22, 7), mentions…
Emerson, Ralph WaldoVol. V, p. 196 EMERSON, RALPH WALDO. – American thinker and writer, born in Boston on 25 May 1803 into a Puritan family, died in Concord on 25 April 1882. He studied at…
Emery, Jacques-AndréVol. V, p. 197 EMERY, JACQUES-ANDRÉ. — Superior General of the Sulpicians, born in Gex on 26 August 1732, died in Paris on 28 April 1811. Having entered the novitiate of S.…
EmesaVol. V, p. 198 EMESA. – City of Syria, later called Homs, birthplace of Alessandro Severo and Eliogabalo. Christianity must have penetrated there from apostolic times.…
Emidius, Saint, Martyr(EMIDIO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. V, p. 198 EMIDIO, saint, martyr. — Unknown in Christian antiquity; the earliest information appears in the eleventh century, in papal and imperial documents. Probably at…
Emigrant, Emigration(EMIGRANTE, EMIGRAZIONE)Vol. V, p. 198 EMIGRANT, EMIGRATION. - In its proper meaning, it is the abandonment of national territory by one or more members of the community, who transfer to another…
EmiliaVol. V, p. 204 EMILIA. – I. GEOGRAPHY – Region of continental Italy, bounded by the Po, the Adriatic (122 km. of coastline), and the Apennine watershed. In this broader and…
Emilia MVol. V, p. 213 EMILIA M. GUGLIELMA DE RODAT - EMMA OF GURK new house, even adversities and contradictions, which threatened to stifle her work at its birth; but her constancy…
Emilia Maria Guglielma de Rodat, Saint(EMILIA MARIA GUGLIELMA DE RODAT, SANTA)Vol. V, p. 212 EMILIA MARIA GUGLIELMA DE RODAT, saint. — Foundress of the Sisters of the Holy Family, born in the castle of Drouello (Rodez) on 6 September 1787, died at…
Emilia, Saint(EMILIA, SANTA)Vol. V, p. 212 EMILIA, saint: v. BASILIO and EMMELLA, saints.
Emilian, Saint(EMILIANI, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 213 EMILIANI, santo.
Emilian, Saint, Martyr(EMILIANO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. V, p. 213 EMILIANO, saint, martyr. — A servant of a pagan from Durosotrum in Moesia, in July 362, during a festival organized by the vicar of Thrace, Capitolino, he…
Emiliana, Saint(EMILIANA, SANTA)Vol. V, p. 213 EMILIANA, saint. — Aunt of St. Gregorio Magno, she lived in sixth-century Rome and consecrated her virginity to God, together with her sisters Tarsilla and…
Emiliani, Girolamo, Saint(EMILIANI, GIROLAMO, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 213 EMILIANI, GIROLAMO, santo: v. GIROLAMO
Emiliani-Giudici, PaoloVol. V, p. 213 EMILIANI-GIUDICI, PAOLO. — Man of letters, born at Mussomeli (Caltanissetta) on 3 June 1812, died at Ore (Hastings) on 14 August 1872. A Dominican, he taught…
Emily, Diocese of(EMILY, DIOCESI DI)Vol. V, p. 213 EMILY, DIOCESI di: v. CASHEL E EMILY, ARCIDIO- CESI di.
Eminescu, Mihai(EMINESCU, MIRAI)Vol. V, p. 213 EMINESCU, MIRAI. — The greatest Romanian poet, born at Ipotești (Botoșani) on 15 January 1850, died at Bucharest on 15 June 1889. At sixteen, he published…
Emma (Hemma) of Gurk, Saint(EMMA (HEMMA) DI GURK, SANTA)Vol. V, p. 213 EMMA (HEMMA) di GURK, saint. - Born in the second half of the 10th century into a noble family, died at Gurk on 29 June 1945. After the death of her husband…
Emmanuel (Hebrew 'Immanā'ēl "God Is With Us", Septuagint 'Εμμανουήλ")(EMANUELE (EMMANUELE; EBRAICO 'IMMANĀ'ĒL «CON NOI [È] DIO», SETTANTA 'ΕΜΜΑΝΟΥΉΛ»))Vol. V, p. 185 EMANUELE (EMMANUELE; Hebrew ‘Immanā’ēl «With us [is] God», Septuagint ‘Εμμανουήλ»). — Symbolic name (from a customary expression of good augury: Ex. 3:12; Ios.…
EmmausVol. V, p. 214 EMMAUS. — 1. A city famous in the history of the Maccabees (I Mach. 3:40; 4:3; 9:50), capital of a toparchy in 47 B.C. (Fl. Josephus, Bell. Ind., III, 5),…
Emmerano, Saint(EMMERANO, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 215 EMMERANO, saint. - Missionary bishop in Bavaria or at the court of the Bavarian dukes in the 7th or at the beginning of the 8th century. His biographer Aribo,…
Emmerick, Anna KatharinaVol. V, p. 215 EMMERICK, ANNA KATHARINA. – Mystic, n. 8 Sept. 1774 at Fiamale near Coesfeld (Westphalia), d. 9 Feb. 1824 at Dülmen. The daughter of poor but deeply religious…
Emmerico of Hungary, Saint(EMMERICO D'UNGHERIA, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 216 EMMERICH of HUNGARY, St. — Son of St. Stephen, king of Hungary, and of Gisela, sister of St. Henry II, king of Germany. Born in the year 1007 at…
EmorroissaVol. V, p. 216 EMORROISSA. — Early Christian funerary art represented the healing of the E. narrated by the three Synoptic Gospels (Mt. 9:20–22; Mk. 5:25–34; Lk. 7:43–48),…
Emotion(AMOZIONE)Vol. I, p. 682 AMOZIONE. - A. or removal, or more often deprivation (though this latter term is generally used when a penal sanction is involved), is the dismissal of the…
Emotion(EMOZIONE)Vol. V, p. 217 EMOZIONE. - I. PSICOLOGIA. - It is the reaction to a sensation or image that disturbs our organic or psychic equilibrium, a reaction constituted, as a unified…
Emotional or Passional States(STATI EMOTIVI O PASSIONALI)Vol. XI, p. 724 STATI EMOTIVI O PASSIONALI : V. EMOZIONE; PASSIONE.
Empedocles of Agrigento(EMPEDOCLE DI AGRICENTO (ἘΜΠΕΔΟΚΛΗ͂Σ, EMPEDOCLES))Vol. V, p. 218 EMPEDOCLE of AGRICENTO (Ἐμπεδοκλῆς, Empedocles). - A complex figure as physician, naturalist, philosopher, and statesman, in whose regard legend and history…
Empedocles of Agrigento(EMPEDOCLE DI AGRIGENTO)Vol. V, p. 219 EMPEDOCLE of AGRIGENTO – E. painted by Luca Signorelli in the chapel of B. Bozio in the cathedral of Orvieto (1502–1504). between the physical interpretation…
Emphyteusis(ENFITEUSI)Vol. V, p. 236 ENFITEUSI. - I. CONCEPT. - Emphyteusis (from the Greek ἐκράτευσις = plantation) is a real right over immovable property (usually rural property), whereby one…
Empire of the East(ORIENTE, IMPERO D')Vol. IX, p. 224 ORIENT, EMPIRE OF THE I. ROMAN EMPIRE OF THE EAST The Byzantine Empire, which historically has always called itself—and should be called—the Roman Empire of…
Empiricism (From Greek ἐκπέτρις « experience »)(EMPIRISMO (DAL GRECO ἘΚΠΈΤΡΙΣ « ESPERIENZA »))Vol. V, p. 219 EMPIRICISM (from the Greek ἐκπέτρις, “experience”). — It is the valorization of facts belonging to common experience. Against the abstractions of pure…
Empoli, Jacopo Chimenti detto L'Vol. V, p. 220 EMPOLI, JACOPO CHIMENTI detto l'. – Michelangelo shows Leone X the designs for the façade of S. Lorenzo and for the Laurentian Library – Florence, Museo…
Ems, Punctuation of(EMS, PUNTAZIONE DI)Vol. V, p. 220 EMS, PUNTAZIONE di. — This is the name given to the declaration made by the Rhenish episcopate on the occasion of the establishment of the apostolic nunciature…
Emser, HieronymusVol. V, p. 221 EMSER, HIERONYMUS. — Theologian and controversialist b. at Weidenstetten near Ulm on 28 March 1478, d. at Dresden on 8 November 1527. Magister artium (1499), a…
Emulation(EMULAZIONE)Vol. V, p. 221 EMULATION. - Psychologically, it is the feeling that impels one to equal and even surpass others in the possession of a good or personal quality (wealth,…
En Clara Vox RedarquitVol. V, p. 226 «EN CLARA VOX REDARQUIT». – Hymn of praise for the season of Advent, by an unknown author; it appears in manuscripts from the 10th century. At dawn of the day…
En Ut Superba CriminumVol. V, p. 260 «EN UT SUPERBA CRIMINUM». — This is the hymn of Vespers for the feast of the Sacred Heart of Jesus; its author is unknown. It was inserted into the Breviary…
Enacim (Hebrew 'Anāqīm)(ENACIM (EBR. 'ANĀQĪM))Vol. V, p. 222 ENACIM (Heb. 'Anāqīm).—Autochthonous Canaanite population, driven from the land by Joshua (Jos. 11:21). The expulsion of the sons of Enac from Hebron, Dabir…
Enamel(SMALTO)Vol. XI, p. 493 SMALTO. – In goldsmiths’ workshops, enamels have always, in every period, been extensively used for the decoration of objects. The glass paste, variously…
Encaustic(ENCAUSTO)Vol. V, p. 222 ENCAUSTIC PAINTING. — It is among the oldest known types of painting employing a developed technique; essentially, encaustic painting may be defined as that…
EncenieVol. V, p. 223 ENCENIE: v. DEDICAZIONE DEL TEMPIO.
Encephalitis(ENCEFALITE)Vol. V, p. 223 ENCEPHALITIS. — In the absolute sense, the term should indicate exclusively morbid processes of an inflammatory nature affecting the mass of the encephalon,…
Enchantment(INCANTESIMO)Vol. VI, p. 1010 INCANTESIMO: v. MAGIA.
Encina, Juan delVol. V, p. 226 ENCINA, JUAN del. — Spanish playwright, born in 1469 in Salamanca, died probably in 1529 in León. A student at Salamanca and subsequently in the service of the…
Encolpius(ENCOLPIO)Vol. V, p. 226 ENCOLPIO. — This term designated small cases containing relics of saints or other sacred objects, which the faithful used to wear suspended around the neck.…
Encratites (Ἐγκρατῆς, Ἐγκρατῆται, Ἐγκρατῆται)(ENCRATITI (ἘΓΚΑΤΕΙ͂Σ, ἘΓΚΑΤΗΤΑΊ, ἘΓΚΑΤΑΤΑΊ))Vol. V, p. 227 ENCRATITI (Ἐγκατεῖς, ἐγκατηταί, ἐγκαταταί). — The e. are the “continent” par excellence, heretics who represent an excessive tendency toward asceticism,…
Encyclicals(ENCICLICHE)Vol. V, p. 223 ENCICLICHE: v. LETTERE PONTIFICE. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA. – In general, an e. may be defined as a clear and distinct presentation of everything pertaining to…
EncyclopédieVol. V, p. 227 ENCYCLOPÉDIE. — In the history of culture, this term, without further specification, usually designates the E. ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts…
Endeber, Apostolic Prefecture of(ENDEBER, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. V, p. 228 ENDEBER, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. - Situated in the central-western part of Ethiopia, it was erected on 13 February 1940, with territory detached from the…
Endeleichio Severo, Saint(ENDELECHIO SEVERO, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 229 ENDELECHIO SEVERO, saint. – Author of a bucolic poem, De mortibus bonni, perhaps written toward the end of the 4th century by a Christian rhetorician in…
Endocrine, Glands(ENDOCRINE, GLANDOLE)Vol. V, p. 229 ENDOCRINE, GLANDS. — In contrast to the glands with external secretion, which elaborate ferments with biochemical activity (secreta) or eliminate materials…
Endogamy(ENDOGAMIA)Vol. V, p. 233 ENDOGAMIA: v. ESOGAMIA.
EndorVol. V, p. 233 ENDOR. - A city in the territory of the tribe of Issachar, but assigned to the tribe of Manasse (Ios. 17, 11). Sisara and Iabin “were defeated at the torrent…
Endres, Joseph AntonVol. V, p. 233 ENDRES, JOSEPH ANTON. – Philosopher, born in Untermeltingen (Germany) on 12 May 1863, died in Bidingen on 19 January 1924. A disciple of G. von Hertling and a…
Energy(ENERGIA)Vol. V, p. 234 ENERGIA. — In general, it signifies activity, action, power, strength. In its technical sense, the concept, specifically defined by science, appears only…
Engaddi (Hebrew 'En Gādhī', Fountain of the Goat)(ENGADDI (EBR. 'EN GĀDHI' FONTE DEL CAPRETTO »))Vol. V, p. 238 ENGADDI (Heb. ‘En gādhi’, “spring of the kid”). - City of the desert of Pharan (Ios. 15:62), surrounded by steep cliffs (I Sam. 24:3), almost midway along the…
Engel, LudwigVol. V, p. 238 ENGEL, LUDWIG. - Benedictine, renowned canonist and moral theologian, b. at Wagrein (Lower Austria) at the beginning of the 1600s, d. at Grillenberg on 22…
EngelbergVol. V, p. 238 ENGELBERG. — Benedictine abbey founded in 1120 in the upper valley of the Aa of the same name, at the foot of the Titlis in the canton of Obwalden…
Engelbert I of Cologne, Saint(ENGELBERTO I DI COLONIA, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 239 ENGELBERTO I of COLONIA, saint. - Born about 1185. Son of Count E. of Berg, he studied at the cathedral school of Colonia. In the conflict for the imperial…
Engelbert of Admont(ENGELBERT D'ADMONT)Vol. V, p. 239 ENGELBERT D'ADMONT. — Benedictine, born c. 1250 at Steiermark in Stiria, died 12 May 1331. His family name was Pötsch. Abbot of Admont (1297–1327), he…
Engelhardt, ZephyrinVol. V, p. 239 ENGELHARDT, ZEPHYRIN. - Franciscan missionary, born at Bilshausen (Hanover), Germany, on 13 Nov. 1851; died at S. Barbara (California) on 27 Apr. 1934. Having…
Engels, FriedrichVol. V, p. 239 ENGELS, FRIEDRICH. — German socialist, b. in Barmen on 28 November 1820, and d. in London on 5 August 1895. Born into a prosperous family, he completed his…
EngeltalVol. V, p. 240 ENGELTAL. - An ancient Dominican convent in the diocese of Eichstätt (Bavaria). A group of beguines led by a certain Adelaide founded this convent around 1240;…
Engineer(INGEGNERE)Vol. VI, p. 1131 INGEGNERE. — The term i. is commonly derived from ingenium (in its late meaning of machine, especially a war machine), through the medieval form encegnerius,…
England(INGHILTERRA)Vol. VI, p. 1132 INGHILTERRA. – A region which, together with Scotland and Wales, constitutes the island of Great Britain, and a place-name used in a general sense as its…
English Oratory(ORATORIO INGLESE)Vol. IX, p. 147 ORATORIO INGLESE: V. NEWMAN, JOHN HENRY.
Engraving(INCISIONE)Vol. VI, p. 1021 INCISIONE. – Properly speaking, it is the art of engraving figures, ornaments, etc., on any surface. It may therefore be an end in itself, as in glyptics,…
Enlightened Despotism(DISPOTISMO ILLUMINATO)Vol. IV, p. 1008 DISPOTISMO ILLUMINATO: v. PATERNALISMO.
Enlightenment(ILLUMINISMO)Vol. VI, p. 946 ENLIGHTENMENT. – A movement of ideas that shaped culture and philosophy from the final decades of the seventeenth century to the end of the eighteenth, and…
EnlilVol. V, p. 240 ENLIL. – Second god of the Mesopotamian divine triad, composed of Anu, god of the sky, E., and Ea, god of the water. He was the principal god of the Sumerians,…
Ennen, LeonhardVol. V, p. 240 ENNEN, LEONHARD. – Priest and historian, born in Schleiden on 5 March 1820, died in Cologne on 14 June 1880. He was one of the founders of the Historisches…
Ennodius(ENNODIO)Vol. V, p. 240 ENNODIO. – He was born of a noble family, although it is not known with certainty whether in Milan, Pavia, or Acles, between 473 and 474. Having been orphaned…
Ennom, Sons of(ENNOM, FIGLI DI)Vol. V, p. 241 ENNOM, FIGLI di: v. GEHENNA.
Enoch (Hebrew: Hānōkh)(HENOCH (EBR. HĀNŌHH))Vol. VI, p. 826 HENOCH (Heb. Hānōhh). - 1. Antediluvian patriarch, son of Iared. Of him, who according to Gen. 5, 23 reached the age of 365 years (the number of days in the…
Enoch, Book of(HENOCH, LIBRO DI)Vol. VI, p. 827 HENOCH, BOOK of. — Name of three different apocrypha (v.), whose protagonist is the patriarch H., distinguished according to the languages that transmitted…
Enos (Hebrew Enōš = « humanity », « man »)(ENOS (EBR. ENŌI = « UMANITÀ », « UOMO »))Vol. V, p. 241 ENOS (Heb. Enōi = “humanity,” “man”). — A most ancient patriarch. In Gen. 4, 26—Jahwist document according to critics—the genealogy of E., son of Seth, is…
Enotic(ENOTICO (ἘΝΩΤΙΚΌΝ))Vol. V, p. 241 ENOTICO (ἐνωτικόν) — Name of the decree issued in 482 by the emperor Zenon, in order to put an end to the controversies between Catholics and Monophysites. On…
Enricians(ENRICIANI)Vol. V, p. 242 ENRICIANI: v. ENRICO DI LOSANNA.
Enrollment(INGROSSAZIONE)Vol. VI, p. 1164 INGROSSAZIONE. – It is the right by which, through compensation in land and money, during the communal period, a private individual could rectify the…
Enríquez, Henry(ENRIQUEZ, ENRICO)Vol. V, p. 257 ENRIQUEZ, ENRICO. - Cardinal, Neapolitan nobleman of the princes of Squinzano, b. at Campi (Lecce) on 30 Sept. 1701, d. at Ravenna on 25 Apr. 1756. In his…
Enselmini, Helen, Blessed(ENSELMINI, ELENA, BEATA)Vol. V, p. 257 ENSELMINI, ELENA, blessed. - Poor Clare, born in 1208 at Padova to the noble family of the E., died at l'Arcella near Padova on 4 Nov. 1242. At the age of 12…
Entelechy(ENTELECHEIA)Vol. V, p. 259 ENTELECHEIA. - From ἐντελές, “perfect, completed, finished”: ἐν “in,” “τῶος” “end,” ἔχει “I have.” A central concept in Aristotle, in whom it signifies the…
Entertainment Authority(ENTE DELLO SPETTACOLO)Vol. V, p. 257 ENTERTAINMENT AGENCY. — The E. of E. (the name adopted in 1946) comprises the Catholic Cinematographic (C.C.C.), Theatrical (C.C.T.), and Radio (C.C.R.)…
Enthymeme(ENTIMEMA)Vol. V, p. 260 ENTIMEMA: v. SILLOGISMO.
Entrepreneur(IMPRENDITORE)Vol. VI, p. 1001 IMPRENDITORE. — “An i. is one who professionally carries on an organized economic activity for the purpose of producing or exchanging goods or services” (Civil…
Entropy(ENTROPIA)Vol. V, p. 260 ENTROPIA: v. TERMOLOGIA.
Enuma Elish(ENUMA ELIS)Vol. V, p. 260 ENUMA ELIS. — Title of the principal religious and mythological poem of the Babylonians and Assyrians, so called from its first two words, which mean “when…
Envy(INVIDIA)Vol. VII, p. 105 ENVY. — I. NOTION. — Envy (from the Latin invidia) is one of the seven capital sins, which originate in the concupiscence aroused in human nature on account of…
Enzymes(ENZIMI)Vol. V, p. 260 ENZIMI. — The name e., meaning “in the yeast,” from the Greek ἐν Ῥυμῇ, was proposed by Kühne in 1878. Together with vitamins and hormones, e. constitute the…
Eon(EVO)Vol. V, p. 552 EVO. – From Greek αἰών (in the Fov: Latin aevium), it indicates time, the duration of something; thus, according to the various conceptions of being, there…
EosVol. V, p. 262 EOS. — For the Greeks, she was the personification of dawn. She dwelt in Oceanus or in the unknown and distant East. She is depicted as rising from Oceanus,…
Epact(EPATTA)Vol. V, p. 263 EPATTA. - From the Greek ἐπάγειν (to add), it is the number that indicates, from year to year and at a given moment, the excess in days of the solar year over…
Epalle, Jean-BaptisteVol. V, p. 262 EPALLE, JEAN-BAPTISTE. - Marist missionary, titular bishop of Sion and first apostolic vicar of Melanesia and Micronesia, b. at Roy (Loire) on 8 March 1808 and…
Epanagoge (Ἐπανάγωγή τοῦ Νόμου)(EPANAGOGE (ἘΠΑΝΑΓΩΓῊ ΤΟΥ͂ ΝΌΜΟΥ))Vol. V, p. 263 EPANAGOGE (ἐπαναγωγὴ τοῦ νόμου). – A compilation, probably of an official character, which is a revision of the Prochire, promulgated around the year 885,…
Epaphras (Vulg. Epaphras)(EPAFRA (VOLG. EPAPHRAS))Vol. V, p. 262 EPAFRAS (Volg. Epaphras). — Disciple and collaborator of Paul (Col. 1:7; 4:12; Philem. 23). That his name (Ἐπαφρᾶς) is an abbreviated form of Epaphroditus (v.)…
Epaphroditus(EPAFRODITO)Vol. V, p. 262 EPAFRODITO. — Disciple and collaborator of s. Paul, known only from the Letter to the Philippians, if he is considered, as is almost certain, a person distinct…
Epenetus(EPENETO)Vol. V, p. 263 EPENETO. - A Christian mentioned in Rom. 16, 5. The name (Ἐπέλωνος, “praiseworthy”) was not borne, so far as is known, by any Jew, whereas it was fairly common…
Ephemerides Theologicae LovaniensesVol. V, p. 263 EPHEMERIDES THEOLOGICAE LOVANIENSES. — Quarterly periodical dealing with subjects of theology and canon law, published in Louvain since 1924 under the auspices…
Ephesians, Epistle to the(EFESINI, EPISTOLA AGLI)Vol. V, p. 88 EPHESIANS, EPISTLE to the. — Letter of St. Paul, the first, in the Tridentine canon, of the group of the captivity. SUMMARY: I. Content. — II. Recipients. —…
Ephesus ("Ephesos")(EFESO ("EPESOS"))Vol. V, p. 90 Ephesus ("Ephesos"). - A city on the Ionian coast of Asia Minor, of Mycenaean origin as attested by archaeological findings, situated almost at the mouth of…
Ephod (Heb. אֵרֶד)(EPHOD (EBR. ἘΡΘΆΔΙ))Vol. V, p. 263 EPHOD (Hebr. Ἐρθάδι). — Among the sacred garments of Aaron are listed (Ex. 28:4) the ῥόξειν (“breastplate,” Vulg. rationale), and the e. (Vulg. superhumerale).…
EphraimVol. V, p. 264 EPHRAIM. – 1. Second-born of Giuseppe and Aseneth (v.). Born in Egypt “before the year of famine came” (Gen. 41:50), he was given the name E. (a Hebrew dual…
EphrataVol. V, p. 265 EPHRATA. — An appellation of Bethlehem (v.), which, after the time of el-‘Amârnah (15th cent. B.C.), formed part of the territory of E. together with…
Ephree (Egypt. W'h-Jb-R'; Heb. Hophra'; Greek Apries or Uaphria)(EPHREE (EGIZ. W'H-JB-R'; EBR. HOPHRA'; PRESSO I GRECI APRIES O UAPHRIA))Vol. V, p. 265 EPHREE (Egyptian W'h-jb-r'; Hebrew Hophra'; among the Greeks Apries or Uaphria). - Pharaoh of Egypt from 588 to 566 B.C., of the 26th dynasty (663–525),…
EphremVol. V, p. 265 EPHREM. - A city near the desert, to which Jesus withdrew with his disciples after the miracle of the resurrection of Lazarus (Io. 11, 54). It is generally…
Ephrem, Saint(EFREM, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 101 EFREM, saint. — Father of the Church, the most celebrated Syriac writer and one of the most distinguished Doctors, both for the abundance of his writings,…
Epic of Gilgamesh(GILGAMES, EPOPEA DI)Vol. VI, p. 258 GILGAMES, EPIC OF. — Alongside the Enūma eliš, the Babylonians and Assyrians had another national poem, whose central figure was G. (Gišbil-ga-meš), supposedly…
Epichirema(EPICHEREMA)Vol. V, p. 265 EPICHEREMA: V. SILLOGISMO E SILLOGISTICA.
Epiclesis(EPICLESI)Vol. V, p. 265 EPICLESI. — According to its etymology, the word e. (in Greek: ἐκλένησις, from ἐκτι-καλῶς, “I call,” instead) means “invocation, prayer”; generically:…
Epictetus(EPITTÈTO)Vol. V, p. 295 EPITTÈTO. – Greek Stoic philosopher, born ca. 50 A.D. at Hierapolis in Phrygia, died at Nicopolis (Epirus) ca. 138. As a boy he was the slave of Epaphroditus,…
Epicurus(EPICURO)Vol. V, p. 267 EPICURO. — I. LIFE. — Greek philosopher, founder of the school that took its name from him, born of Athenian parents on the 10th of Gamelion (January–February)…
EpidauroVol. V, p. 271 EPIDAURO. – A locality in Dalmatia known for the temple of Aesculapius (today Cavtat-Ragusavecchia). According to the Vita s. Hilarionis of St Jerome (PL 23,…
Epifenomeno(EPIFENÒMENO)Vol. V, p. 278 EPIFENÒMENO. - From ἐπὶ χάρις φανύψενον, “phenomenon” means an accessory or added phenomenon. In psychology this name designates a new phenomenon that presents…
Epigenesis(EPIGENESI)Vol. V, p. 279 EPIGENESIS. - Biological theory (from the Greek ἐπὶ “upon” = γένεσις “generation”), according to which the organic differentiation of the new individual in…
Epigonation (Ἐπιγωνάτιον, Ἐπιγόνᾰτον)(EPIGONATION (ἘΠΙΓΩΝΆΤΙΟΝ, ἘΠΙΓΌΝΑΤΟ))Vol. V, p. 279 EPIGONATION (ἐπιγωνάτιον, ἐπιγόνατο). - A liturgical ornament of the Byzantine rite, worn suspended from a ribbon at the level of the right knee. It is…
Epigono (Ἐπίγονος)Vol. V, p. 279 EPIGONO (Ἐπίγονος). - A heretic of the monarchian-modalist tendency, who was active shortly after A.D. 200, together with Noeto di Smirne. He taught that if…
Epigraphic Syllogisms(SILLOGI EPIGRAFICHE)Vol. XI, p. 362 EPIGRAPHIC SYLLOGIES. - In the Roman world, the East preceded the West in the collection of inscriptions; in Greece, in fact, syllogies were compiled as early…
Epigraphy, Christian Latin and Greek(EPIGRAFIA CRISTIANA LATINA E GRECA)Vol. V, p. 279 EPIGRAFIA CRISTIANA LATINA e GRECA. - L'epigrafia si può dire giustamente l'occhio del- (Int. Enc. Catt.) EPIGONATION - Pont, collegio Russico di s. Teresa del…
Epikeia(EPIKÉIA)Vol. V, p. 288 EPIKÉIA. – From ἐπαβέτα, that is, equity, benevolence, moderation. Its etymological meaning coincides with that of equity (v.). But the two terms correspond to…
Epilepsy(EPILESSIA)Vol. V, p. 289 EPILEPSY. — I. MEDICINE. — An attack disorder (ἐν-λαμβάνο = “I assail,” “I strike”; morbus sacer) of consciousness accompanied by a neurovegetative discharge,…
Epimachus and Gordian, Martyrs(EPIMACO E GORDIANO, MARTIRI)Vol. V, p. 291 EPIMACO and GORDIANO, martyrs: v. GORDIANO ed EPIMACO, martiri.
Epimenides(EPIMÈNIDE)Vol. V, p. 291 EPIMÈNIDE. – Greek poet, who lived in the sixth century B.C. According to legend, he was born at Cnosso, on the island of Crete, and was subsequently summoned…
Epimànica (Ἐπιμάνικα, Ἐπιμανία)(EPIMÀNICA (ἘΠΙΜΆΝΙΚΑ, ἘΠΙΜΑΝΊΙΚΑ))Vol. V, p. 291 EPIMÀNICA (Ἐπιμάνικα, ἐπιμανίικα). – These are simple cuffs used to tighten at the wrists the ends of the sleeves of the sticharion (alb): oversleeves that do…
Epiphany(EPIFANIA)Vol. V, p. 272 EPIPHANY. - The Greeks called epiphany the manifestation of a god in person or in a dream or in a miracle, or his return after an absence. The manifestation of…
Epiphany of Pavia(EPIFANIO DI PAVIA)Vol. V, p. 278 EPIFANIO di PAVIA. - Born in this city in 438 or 439, he entered the ecclesiastical career at a very young age and, after the death of Bishop Crispino, was…
Epiphany of Salamis(EPIFANIO DI SALAMINA)Vol. V, p. 278 EPIPHANIUS of SALAMIS. — Born after 310 in a small town near Eleutheropolis, in Palestine, perhaps to Jewish parents (v. Cronaca di Seer: PO 5, 301). He lived…
Episcopal Audience(EPISCOPALIS AUDIENTIA)Vol. V, p. 291 EPISCOPALIS AUDIENTIA. – A term used in the later Roman legal sources to designate the bishop’s tribunal and the jurisdiction recognized to him to resolve…
Episcopal Mensa(MENSA VESCOVILE)Vol. VIII, p. 420 EPISCOPAL MENSA. — This is the complex of ecclesiastical goods intended for the support of the bishop (archbishops, primates, prelates nullius) and his…
Episcopalism(EPISCOPALISMO)Vol. V, p. 292 EPISCOPALISM. — This is the name given to that Protestant ecclesiastical system in which the power to consecrate new ministers of the Church and to perpetuate…
Episcopate(EPISCOPATO)Vol. V, p. 292 EPISCOPATO: v. VESCOVO.
Episcopius (Bishop), Simon(EPISCOPIUS (BISCHOP), SIMON)Vol. V, p. 292 EPISCOPIUS (BISCHOP), SIMON. - Protestant theologian, b. at Amsterdam on 8 Jan. 1583, d. there on 4 Apr. 1643. A disciple of Gomar at the University of Leiden,…
Epistemology(EPISTEMOLOGIA)Vol. V, p. 292 EPISTEMOLOGIA. — Etymologically (ἐπιστήμη = science and λόγος = discourse), it signifies the doctrine of science. In current usage, however, the meaning of the…
Epistle(EPISTOLA)Vol. V, p. 293 EPISTOLA. — This is the passage from the Letters of the Apostles or from some other book of the Sacred Scripture that the priest reads at Mass before the…
Epistle of the Apostles(EPISTOLA APOSTOLORUM)Vol. V, p. 293 EPISTOLA APOSTOLORUM: v. APOSTOLI, Lettera degli A.
Epistle to the Philippians(FILIPPESI, EPISTOLA AI)Vol. V, p. 780 PHILIPPIANS, EPISTLE TO THE. — One of the four letters of imprisonment, addressed by St Paul to the community at Philippi. SUMMARY: I. Character. — II.…
Epistles I-II to the Thessalonians(TESSALONICESI, EPISTOLE I-II AI)Vol. XII, p. 29 TESSALONICESI, EPISTOLE I-II ai. – The first two letters written by St. Paul, in A.D. 50–51, from Corinth, a few months apart from one another. I E. AI T. - 1.…
Epistles of the Captivity(PRIGIONIA, EPISTOLE DELLA)Vol. X, p. 27 PRISON EPISTLES. - The Pauline letters to the Colossians (v.), Ephesians (v.), Philippians (v.), and to Philemon (v.), which presuppose Paul in prison (Col.…
Epistolary(EPISTOLARIO)Vol. V, p. 293 EPISTOLARIO. – By E. (epistolare, epistolarium [-ius], and also epistolium) is meant the book containing the lessons and the Epistles of the Mass throughout…
