Dauid geueth godlie preceptes to Salomon. 5. willeth him to punish certaine offenders: 10. and dieth. 12. Salomon reigneth. 13. Adonias, by intercession of Bethsabee, requesleth to haue Abisag to wife: 22. but is put to death for demanding her. 26. Abiathar the priest is banished, and deposed, for conspiring with Adonias. 28. Ioab also for the same cause, and former crimes is slaine. 36. Semei is confined in Ierusalem, 40. & for transgressing his limites, together with old faultes is likewise slaine.
1And the days of David drew nigh that he should die, and he charged his son Solomon, saying:Frattanto avvicinandosi per Davidde il dì della morte, diede egli questi ordini a Salomone suo figliuolo, e disse:AND the dayes of Dauid approched that he should die, and he commanded his sonne Salomon, saying:Appropinquaverunt autem dies David ut moreretur: præcepitque Salomoni filio suo, dicens: 2I am going the way of all flesh: take thou courage and shew thyself a man.Io sto per giungere al termine comune di tutti gli uomini: armati di fortezza, e di petto virile;I enter into the way of al flesh: take courage, and play the man.Ego ingredior viam universæ terræ: confortare, et esto vir. 3And keep the charge of the Lord thy God, to walk in his ways, and observe his ceremonies, and his precepts, and judgments, and testimonies, as it is written in the law of Moses: that thou mayst understand all thou dost, and whithersoever thou shalt turn thyself:E osserva i precetti del Signore Dio tuo, camminando nelle sue vie, mettendo in pratica le sue ceremonie, e i comandamenti, e le leggi, e gli insegnamenti, come sta scritto nella legge di Mosè: affinchè qualunque cosa tu facci, e in qualunque parte ti volga, tu operi con saggezza.And obserue the watches of our Lord thy God, that thou walke in his waies, and keepe his ceremonies, and his preceptes, and iudgementes, and testimonies, as is written in the law of Moyses: that thou mayst vnderstand al thinges which thou doest, and whithersoeuer thou shalt turne thy selfe:Et observa custodias Domini Dei tui, ut ambules in viis ejus: ut custodias cæremonias ejus, et præcepta ejus, et judicia, et testimonia, sicut scriptum est in lege Moysi: ut intelligas universa quæ facis, et quocumque te verteris: 4That the Lord may confirm his words, which he hath spoken of me, saying: If thy children shall take heed to their ways, and shall walk before me in truth, with all their heart, and with all their soul, there shall not be taken away from thee a man on the throne of Israel.Affinchè il Signore confermi le parole dette da lui in mio favore, quando disse: Se i tuoi figliuoli vogheranno sopra i loro andamenti, e cammineranno dinanzi a me nella verità con tutto il cuore, e con tutta l'anima loro, non resterà mai il soglio d'Israele senza uno dei tuoi, che vi segga.that our Lord may confirme his wordes, which he hath spoken of me, saying: If thy children shal keepe their waies, and shal walke before me in truth, in al their hart, and in al their soul, there shal not altogether be taken from thee a man out of the throne of Israel.ut confirmet Dominus sermones suos quos locutus est de me, dicens: Si custodierint filii tui vias suas, et ambulaverint coram me in veritate, in omni corde suo et in omni anima sua, non auferetur tibi vir de solio Israël.
5Thou knowest also what Joab, the son of Sarvia, hath done to me, what he did to the two captains of the army of Israel, to Abner, the son of Ner, and to Amasa, the son of Jether: whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war on his girdle that was about his loins, and in his shoes that were on his feet.Tu pur sai quello, che fece a me Gioab figliuolo di Sarvia, e quello, ch'ei fece ai due principi dell'esercito d'Israele, Abner figliuolo di Ner, e Amasa figliuolo di Jether, i quali egli ammazzo, spargendo in tempo di pace il sangue, come si fa in guerra, e avendone macchiata la bandoliera, che aveva ai suoi fianchi, e le scarpe, che aveva ai piedi.Thou knowest also what Ioab the sonne of Saruia hath done to me, what he did to the two princes of the armie of Israel, to Abner the sonne of Ner, and Amasa the sonne of Iether: whom he slewe, & shed the bloud of warre in peace, & put the bloud of battel in his belt, which was about his loynes, and in his shoe, which was on his feete.Tu quoque nosti quæ fecerit mihi Joab filius Sarviæ, quæ fecerit duobus principibus exercitus Israël, Abner filio Ner, et Amasæ filio Jether: quos occidit, et effudit sanguinem belli in pace, et posuit cruorem prælii in balteo suo qui erat circa lumbos ejus, et in calceamento suo quod erat in pedibus ejus. 6Do, therefore, according to thy wisdom, and let not his hoary head go down to hell in peace.Tu farai adunque secondo la tua saggezza, e non aspetterai, che la sua vecchiaia lo meni tranquillamente al sepolcro.Thou shalt doe therfore according to thy wisdom, and shalt not bring his hoare head peaceably vnto hel.Facies ergo juxta sapientiam tuam, et non deduces canitiem ejus pacifice ad inferos. 7But shew kindness to the sons of Berzellai, the Galaadite, and let them eat at thy table: for they met me when I fled from the face of Absalom, thy brother.A' figliuoli poi di Berzellai Galaadite mostrerai riconoscenza, e mangeranno alla tua mensa: perocché mi vennero incontro, quand'io fuggiva dalla presenza di Assalonne tuo fratello.But to the sonnes also of Berzellai the Galaadite thou shalt render kindnes, and they shal eate on thy table: for they mette me when I fled from the face of Absolom thy brother.Sed et filiis Berzellai Galaaditis reddes gratiam, eruntque comedentes in mensa tua: occurrerunt enim mihi quando fugiebam a facie Absalom fratris tui. 8Thou hast also with thee Semei, the son of Gera, the son of Jemini, of Bahurim, who cursed me with a grievous curse, when I went to the camp: but because he came down to meet me when I passed over the Jordan, and I swore to him by the Lord, saying: I will not kill thee with the sword:Tu hai ancora presso di te Semei figliuolo di Gera, figliuolo di Jemini di Bahurim, il quale vomitò contro di me orrende maledizioni, quand'io andava agli alloggiamenti; ma perchè egli venne ad incontrarmi, quand'io ripassai il Giordano, io gli feci giuramento pel Signore, e dissi: Non ti farò morire di spada:Thou hast also with thee Semei the sonne of Gera the sonne of Iemini of Bahurim, who cursed me with a wicked curse, when I went to the Campe; but because he came downe to meete me when I passed Iordam, and I sware to him by our Lord, saying: I wil not kil thee with the sword:Habes quoque apud te Semei filium Gera filii Jemini de Bahurim, qui maledixit mihi maledictione pessima quando ibam ad castra: sed quia descendit mihi in occursum cum transirem Jordanem, et juravi ei per Dominum, dicens: Non te interficiam gladio:
9Do not thou hold him guiltless. But thou art a wise man, and knowest what to do with him, and thou shalt bring down his grey hairs with blood to the grave.Tu non permettere che resti impunito il suo peccato. Or tu se' saggio per conoscere quel, che tu debba fargli, e vecchio com'è, lo farai scendere nel sepolcro con morte violenta.doe not thou suffer him to be guiltles. But thou art a wise man, so that thou knowest what thou shalt doe to him and thou shalt bring his hoare heare with bloud vnto hel.tu noli pati eum esse innoxium. Vir autem sapiens es, ut scias quæ facies ei: deducesque canos ejus cum sanguine ad inferos. 10So David slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David.Davidde adunque andò a riposare co' padri suoi, e fu sepolto nella città di David.Dauid therefore slept with his fathers, and was buried in the citie of Dauid.Dormivit igitur David cum patribus suis, et sepultus est in civitate David. 11And the days that David reigned in Israel, were forty years: in Hebron he reigned seven years, in Jerusalem thirty-three.La durata del regno di Davidde sopra Israele fu di quarant'anni. In Hebron regnò sette anni, in Gerusalemme trentatrè.And the daies that Dauid reigned in Israel, are fourtie yeares: in Hebron he reigned seuen yeares, in Ierusalem thirtie three.Dies autem quibus regnavit David super Israël, quadraginta anni sunt: in Hebron regnavit septem annis; in Jerusalem, triginta tribus. 12And Solomon sat upon the throne of his father David, and his kingdom was strengthened exceedingly.E Salomone succedette nel trono di Davidde suo padre, e il suo regno fu stabilmente assicurato.And Salomon sate vpon the throne of Dauid his father, and his kingdome was confirmed excedingly.Salomon autem sedit super thronum David patris sui, et firmatum est regnum ejus nimis. 13And Adonias, the son of Haggith, came to Bethsabee the mother of Solomon. And she said to him: Is thy coming peaceable? He answered: It is peaceable.Ma Adonia figliuolo di Haggith andò a trovar Bethsabea madre di Salomone, la quale gli disse: Se' tu apportator di pace? Ed egli rispose: Io porto pace.And Adonias the sonne of Haggith entered in to Bethsabee the mother of Salomon. Who said to him: Is thy coming peaceable? Who answered: peaceable.Et ingressus est Adonias filius Haggith ad Bethsabee matrem Salomonis. Quæ dixit ei: Pacificusne est ingressus tuus ? Qui respondit: Pacificus. 14And he added: I have a word to speak with thee. She said to him: Speak. And he said:E soggiunse: Ho da parlare con te. E quella rispose: Parla. Ed egli:And he added: I haue a word to speake with thee. To whom she said: Speake. And he:Addiditque: Sermo mihi est ad te. Cui ait: Loquere. Et ille:
15Thou knowest that the kingdom was mine, and all Israel had preferred me to be their king: but the kingdom is transferred, and is become my brother’s: for it was appointed him by the Lord.Tu ben sai, disse, come mio era il regno, e come tutto Israele mi avea preeletto per suo re; ma il regno è stato trasferito, e fatto passare al mio fratello: perocché a lui è stato dato dal Signore.Thou knowest, quoth he, that the kingdom was mine, and al Israel had purposed to make me ouer them to be their king: but the kingdom is transposed, & is made my brothers: for it was appointed him of our LordTu, inquit, nosti, quia meum erat regnum, et me præposuerat omnis Israël sibi in regem: sed translatum est regnum, et factum est fratris mei: a Domino enim constitutum est ei. 16Now therefore, I ask one petition of thee; turn not away my face. And she said to him: Say on.Or io una sola preghiera fo a te: tu non rigettarla. Ed ella gli disse: Parla.Now therefore I desire one petition of thee; Confound not my face Who said to him: Speake.Nunc ergo petitionem unam precor a te: ne confundas faciem meam. Quæ dixit ad eum: Loquere. 17And he said I pray thee speak to king Solomon (for he cannot deny thee any thing) to give me Abisag, the Sunamitess, to wife.Ed egli disse: Io ti prego di dire al re Salomone (il quale nulla a te può negare), che mi dia per moglie Abisag Sunamite.And he said: I pray speake to Salomon the king (for he can not denie thee any thing) that he geue me Abisag the Sunamite to wife.Et ille ait: Precor ut dicas Salomoni regi (neque enim negare tibi quidquam potest) ut det mihi Abisag Sunamitidem uxorem. 18And Bethsabee said: Well, I will speak for thee to the king.E Bethsabea disse: Bene sta; io parlerò al re in tuo favore.And Bethsabee saied: wel, I wil speake 〈◊〉 thee to the kingEt ait Bethsabee: Bene: ego loquar pro te regi. 19Then Bethsabee came to king Solomon, to speak to him for Adonias: and the king arose to meet her, and bowed to her, and sat down upon his throne: and a throne was set for the king’s mother, and she sat on his right hand.Bethsabea pertanto andò a trovare il re Salomone, per parlargli in favor di Adonia: e il re si alzò, e le andò incontro, e se le inchinò, e si pose a sedere sul suo trono: e fu posto un trono per la madre del re, la quale si assise alla sua destra.Bethsabee therefore came to king Salomon, to speake vnto him for Adonias: and the king arose to meete her, and adored her, and sate downe vpon his throne: and a throne was sette for the kinges mother, who sate on his right hand.Venit ergo Bethsabee ad regem Salomonem ut loqueretur ei pro Adonia: et surrexit rex in occursum ejus, adoravitque eam, et sedit super thronum suum: positusque est thronus matri regis, quæ sedit ad dexteram ejus.
20And she said to him: I desire one small petition of thee; do not put me to confusion. And the king said to her: My mother ask, for I must not turn away thy face.Ed ella gli disse: Una piccola grazia ho da domandarti; tu non mi fare arrossire. E il re le disse: Chiedi pure, madre mia: perocché non è dovere ch'io ti disgusti.And she said to him: One litle petition I desire of thee, confound not my face And the king said to her: My mother aske: for it behoueth not that I turne away thy face.Dixitque ei: Petitionem unam parvulam ego deprecor a te: ne confundas faciem meam. Et dixit ei rex: Pete, mater mea: neque enim fas est ut avertam faciem tuam. 21And she said: Let Abisag, the Sunamitess, be given to Adonias, thy brother, to wife.Ed ella disse: Diasi Abisag Sunamite per moglie ad Adonia tuo fratello.Who said: Let Abisag the Sunamite be geuen to Adonias thy brother to wife.Quæ ait: Detur Abisag Sunamitis Adoniæ fratri tuo uxor. 22And king Solomon answered, and said to his mother: Why dost thou ask Abisag, the Sunamitess, for Adonias? ask for him also the kingdom; for he is my elder brother, and hath Abiathar, the priest, and Joab, the son of Sarvia.Ma il re Salomone rispose, e disse alla madre: Perchè mai domandi tu Abisag Sunamite per Adonia? chiedi per lui anche il regno: perocché egli è mio fratello maggiore, e ha dalla sua Abiathar Sacerdote, e Gioab figliuolo di Sarvia.And king Salomon answered, and said to his mother: Why doest thou aske Abisag the Sunamite for Adonias? aske for him also the kingdom: for he is my brother elder then I, & hath Abiathar the priest, & Ioab the sonne of Saruie.Responditque rex Salomon, et dixit matri suæ: Quare postulas Abisag Sunamitidem Adoniæ ? postula ei et regnum: ipse est enim frater meus major me, et habet Abiathar sacerdotem, et Joab filium Sarviæ. 23Then king Solomon swore by the Lord, saying: So and so may God do to me, and add more, if Adonias hath not spoken this word against his own life.E il re Salomone giurò pel Signore, e disse: Il Signore faccia a me questo, e peggio, s'ei non è vero, che in danno della sua propria vita ha profferite queste parole Adonia.Therfore king Salomon sware by our Lord, saying: These thinges doe God to me, and these adde he, because Adonias hath spoken this word against his life.Juravit itaque rex Salomon per Dominum, dicens: Hæc faciat mihi Deus, et hæc addat, quia contra animam suam locutus est Adonias verbum hoc. 24And now, as the Lord liveth, who hath established me, and placed me upon the throne of David, my father, and who hath made me a house, as he promised, Adonias shall be put to death this day.E ora, viva il Signore, il quale mi ha confermato, e collocato sul trono di Davidde mio padre, e ha fondata la mia casa, conforme avea promesso; oggi Adonia sarà ucciso.And now, our Lord liueth which hath established me, and placed me vpon the throne of Dauid my father, and which hath made me a house, as he spake, this day shal Adonias be slaine.Et nunc vivit Dominus, qui firmavit me, et collocavit me super solium David patris mei, et qui fecit mihi domum, sicut locutus est, quia hodie occidetur Adonias.
25And king Solomon sent by the hand of Banaias, the son of Joiada, who slew him, and he died.E il re Salomone diede l'ordine a Banaia figliuolo dì Joiada, il quale lo uccise: così morì Adonia.And king Salomon sent by the hand of Banaias the sonne of Ioiada, who slewe him, and he died.Misitque rex Salomon per manum Banaiæ filii Jojadæ, qui interfecit eum, et mortuus est. 26And the king said also to Abiathar, the priest: Go to Anathoth, to thy lands, for indeed thou art worthy of death: but I will not at this time put thee to death, because thou didst carry the ark of the Lord God before David, my father, and hast endured trouble in all the troubles my father endured.E ad Abiathar Sacerdote disse il re: Vattene in Anathoth al tuo podere: veramente tu se' degno di morte; ma io oggi non ti farò morire, perchè portasti l'arca del Signore Dio dinanzi al padre mio Davidde, e fosti a parte di tutti i travagli, che sofferse mio padre.To Abiathar also the priest the king said: Goe into Anathoth to thy field, and thou in deede art a man of death: but to day I wil not kil thee, because thou didst carie the arke of our Lord God before Dauid my father, & hast susteyned labour in al thinges, wherein my father laboured.Abiathar quoque sacerdoti dixit rex: Vade in Anathoth ad agrum tuum: equidem vir mortis es: sed hodie te non interficiam, quia portasti arcam Domini Dei coram David patre meo, et sustinuisti laborem in omnibus in quibus laboravit pater meus. 27So Solomon cast out Abiathar from being the priest of the Lord, that the word of the Lord might be fulfilled, which he spoke concerning the house of Heli in Silo.Così Salomone discacciò Abiathar, perchè non fosse più sommo Sacerdote del Signore, affinchè fosse adempiuta la parola detta dal Signore in Silo contro la casa di Heli.Salomon therefore cast out Abiathar, that he should not be the priest of our Lord, that the word of our lord might be fulfilled, which he spake concerning the house of Heli in Silo.Ejecit ergo Salomon Abiathar ut non esset sacerdos Domini, ut impleretur sermo Domini quem locutus est super domum Heli in Silo. 28And the news came to Joab, because Joab had turned after Adonias, and had not turned after Solomon: and Joab fled into the tabernacle of the Lord, and took hold on the horn of the altar.Or questa nuova fu portata, a Gioab, il quale avea seguitato il partito di Adonia, e non quello di Salomone: Gioab pertanto si rifugiò nel tabernacolo del Signore, e si attaccò al corno dell'altare.And then a messenger came to Ioab for that Ioab had turned after Adonias, and after Salomon had not turned: Ioab therfore fled into the tabernacle of our Lord, & caught the horne of the altar.Venit autem nuntius ad Joab, quod Joab declinasset post Adoniam, et post Salomonem non declinasset: fugit ergo Joab in tabernaculum Domini, et apprehendit cornu altaris.
29And it was told king Solomon, that Joab was fled into the tabernacle of the Lord, and was by the altar: and Solomon sent Banaias, the son of Joiada, saying. Go, kill him.E fu riferito al re Salomone, come Gioab si era rifugiato nel tabernacolo del Signore, e si stava presso all'altare. E Salomone mandò Banaia figliuolo di Joiada, e dissegli: Va, e uccidilo.And it was told king Salomon, that Ioab was fled into the tabernacle of our Lord, and was beside the altar: & Salomon sent Banaias the sonne of Ioiada, saying: Goe, kil him.Nuntiatumque est regi Salomoni quod fugisset Joab in tabernaculum Domini, et esset juxta altare: misitque Salomon Banaiam filium Jojadæ, dicens: Vade, interfice eum. 30And Banaias came to the tabernacle of the Lord, and said to him: Thus saith the king: Come forth. And he said: I will not come forth, but here I will die. Banaias brought word back to the king, saying: Thus saith Joab, and thus he answered me.E Banaia andò al tabernacolo del Signore, e disse a Gioab: Il re dice, che tu venga fuora. E quegli rispose: Non verrò, ma qui mi morrò. E Banaia riferì, e disse al re: Questo, e questo mi ha detto, e risposto Gioab.And Banaias came to the tabernacle of our Lord, and said to him: Thus sayth the king: Come forth. Who said: I wil not come forth, but here wil I die. Banaias reported his word to the king, saying: Thus spake Ioab, and thus he answered me.Et venit Banaias ad tabernaculum Domini, et dixit ei: Hæc dicit rex: Egredere. Qui ait: Non egrediar, sed hic moriar. Renuntiavit Banaias regi sermonem, dicens: Hæc locutus est Joab, et hæc respondit mihi. 31And the king said to him: Do as he hath said; and kill him, and bury him, and thou shalt remove the innocent blood which hath been shed by Joab, from me, and from the house of my father:E il re gli disse: Fa tu, come egli ha detto, e uccidilo, e dagli sepoltura; e così laverai me, e la casa del padre mio dal sangue innocente, che fu sparso da Gioab.And the king said to him: Doe as he hath spoken: and kil him, & burie him, and thou shalt remoue the innocent bloud, which hath beene shed of Ioab, from me, and from the house of my father.Dixitque ei rex: Fac sicut locutus est, et interfice eum, et sepeli: et amovebis sanguinem innocentem qui effusus est a Joab, a me, et a domo patris mei. 32And the Lord shall return his blood upon his own head; because he murdered two men, just and better than himself: and slew them with the sword, my father, David, not knowing it; Abner, the son of Ner, general of the army of Israel, and Amasa, the son of Jether general of the army of Juda;E il Signore farà cadere sulla testa dì lui il sangue, che egli sparse, avendo egli uccisi due uomini giusti, e migliori di lui (i quali egli trafisse colla sua spada senza saputa del padre mio Davidde). Abner figliuolo di Ner capo delle milizie d'Israele, e Amasa figliuolo di Jether capo dell'esercito di Giuda.And our Lord shal render his bloud vpon his head, because he murdered two iust men, & better then him self: and slew them with his sword, my father Dauid not knowing, Abner the sonne of Ner general of the warfare of Israel, and Amasa the sonne of Iether general of the armie of Iuda:Et reddet Dominus sanguinem ejus super caput ejus, quia interfecit duos viros justos, melioresque se: et occidit eos gladio, patre meo David ignorante, Abner filium Ner principem militiæ Israël, et Amasam filium Jether principem exercitus Juda:
33And their blood shall return upon the head of Joab, and upon the head of his seed for ever. But to David and his seed, and his house, and to his throne, be peace for ever from the Lord.E il loro sangue cadrà sulla testa di Gioab, e sopra quella de' suoi discendenti in eterno. Ma Davidde, e la stirpe di lui, e la sua casa, e il suo trono abbia eterna pace dal Signore.and their bloud shal returne vpon the head of Ioab, and vpon the head of his seede for euer But to Dauid and his seede and his house, and to his throne be peace for euer from our Lord.et revertetur sanguis illorum in caput Joab, et in caput seminis ejus in sempiternum. David autem et semini ejus, et domui, et throno illius, sit pax usque in æternum a Domino. 34So Banaias, the son of Joiada, went up, and setting upon him slew him, and he was buried in his house in the desert.E Banaia figliuolo di Joiada andò, e lo assalì, e lo uccise: e fu sepolto in casa sua nel deserto.Banaias therfore the sonne of Ioiada went vp, and setting vpon him slewe him: and he was buried in his house in the desert.Ascendit itaque Banaias filius Jojadæ, et aggressus eum interfecit: sepultusque est in domo sua in deserto. 35And the king appointed Banaias, the son of Joiada in his room over the army; and Sadoc, the priest, he put in the place of Abiathar.E il re fece in luogo di lui capo dell'esercito Banaia figliuolo di Joiada, e costituì sommo Sacerdote Sadoc in luogo di Abiathar.And the king appoynted Banaias the sonne of Ioiada for him ouer the armie, and Sadoc the priest he placed for Abiathar.Et constituit rex Banaiam filium Jojadæ pro eo super exercitum, et Sadoc sacerdotem posuit pro Abiathar. 36The king also sent, and called for Semei, and said to him: Build thee a house in Jerusalem, and dwell there: and go not out from thence any where.E il re fece parimente chiamare Semei, e dissegli: Fatti una casa in Gerusalemme, e fa qui tua dimora, e non partirne per andare qua, o là.The king also sent, and called Semei, and said to him: Build thee a house in Ierusalem, and dwel there: and thou shalt not goe out thence hither and thither.Misit quoque rex, et vocavit Semei: dixitque ei: Ædifica tibi domum in Jerusalem, et habita ibi: et non egredieris inde huc atque illuc. 37For on what day soever thou shalt go out, and shalt pass over the brook Cedron, know that thou shalt be put to death: thy blood shall be upon thy own head.Ma la prima volta, che uscirai, e passerai il torrente Cedron, sappi, che tu sarai ucciso: il tuo sangue cadrà sopra la tua testa.But what day soeuer thou shalt goe out, and shalt passe the Torrent Cedron know that thou art to be slaine: thy bloud shal be vpon thy head.Quacumque autem die egressus fueris, et transieris torrentem Cedron, scito te interficiendum: sanguis tuus erit super caput tuum.
38And Semei said to the king: The saying is good: as my lord the king hath said, so will thy servant do. And Semei dwelt in Jerusalem many days.È Semei disse al re: Questo parlare è giusto: come ha ordinato il re signor mio, così farà il tuo servo: Semei adunque dimorò assai tempo in Gerusalemme.And Semei said to the king: The saying is good: as my lord the king hath spoken, so wil thy seruant doe. Semei therfore dwelt in Ierusalem, manie dayes.Dixitque Semei regi: Bonus sermo: sicut locutus est dominus meus rex, sic faciet servus tuus. Habitavit itaque Semei in Jerusalem diebus multis. 39And it came to pass after three years, that the servants of Semei ran away to Achis, the son of Maacha, the king of Geth: and it was told Semei that his servants were gone to Geth.Ma di lì a tre anni avvenne, che gli schiavi di Semei si fuggirono presso Achis figliuolo di Maacha re di Geth e fu riferito a Semei, come i suoi servi erano in Geth.And it came to passe after three yeares, that the seruantes of Semei sled to Achis the sonne of Maacha the king of Geth: and it was told Semei that his seruantes were gone into Geth.Factum est autem post annos tres ut fugerent servi Semei ad Achis filium Maacha regem Geth: nuntiatumque est Semei quod servi ejus issent in Geth. 40And Semei arose, and saddled his ass, and went to Achis, to Geth, to seek his servants, and he brought them out of Geth.E Semei sì mosse, e fatto apparecchiare il suo asino, andò a trovar Achis in Geth, per ridomandare i suoi schiavi; e rimenolli da Geth.And Semei arose, and sadled his asle, and went to Achis into Geth to require his seruantes, and he brought them out of Geth.Et surrexit Semei, et stravit asinum suum, ivitque ad Achis in Geth ad requirendum servos suos, et adduxit eos de Geth. 41And it was told Solomon, that Semei had gone from Jerusalem to Geth, and was come back.E fu riferito a Salomone, come Semei era andato da Gerusalemme a Geth, ed era tornato.And it was told Salomon that Semei went into Geth out of Ierusalem, and was returned.Nuntiatum est autem Salomoni quod isset Semei in Geth de Jerusalem, et rediisset. 42And sending he called for him, and said to him: Did I not protest to thee by the Lord, and tell thee before: On what day soever thou shalt go out and walk abroad any where, know that thou shalt die? And thou answeredst me: The word that I have heard is good.E mandò a chiamarlo, e gli disse «Non ti giurai io pel Signore, e non predissi: Ogni qual volta tu uscirai» per andare in questa, o in quella parte, sappi, che sarai messo a morte? E tu mi rispondesti: Questo parlare, che io ho ascoltato, egli è giusto.And sending he called him, and said to him: Did I not testifie to thee by our Lord, and told thee before: What day soeuer thou going out shalt passe hither & thither, know that thou shalt die? And thou didst answere me: The saying is good, which I haue heard.Et mittens vocavit eum, dixitque illi: Nonne testificatus sum tibi per Dominum, et prædixi tibi: Quacumque die egressus ieris huc et illuc, scito te esse moriturum: et respondisti mihi: Bonus sermo, quem audivi ?
43Why then hast thou not kept the oath of the Lord, and the commandment that I laid upon thee?Per qual motivo adunque hai trasgredito il giuramento fatto al Signore, e il comandamento, ch'io ti feci?Why then hast thou not kept the oath of our Lord, and the precept that I commanded thee?quare ergo non custodisti jusjurandum Domini, et præceptum quod præceperam tibi ? 44And the king said to Semei: Thou knowest all the evil, of which thy heart is conscious, which thou didst to David, my father: the Lord hath returned thy wickedness upon thy own head.E il re disse a Semei: È noto a te tutto il male fatto da te a Davidde padre mio, del qual male è consapevole a se stessa la tua coscienza. Il Signore ha fatto cadere la tua malvagità sopra la tua testa.And the king said to Semei: Thou knowest al the euil, wherof thy hart is priuy to thy selfe, which thou dist to Dauid my father: our Lord hath rendred thy malice vpon thy head:Dixitque rex ad Semei: Tu nosti omne malum cujus tibi conscium est cor tuum, quod fecisti David patri meo: reddidit Dominus malitiam tuam in caput tuum: 45And king Solomon shall be blessed, and the throne of David shall be established before the Lord for ever.Ma il re Salomone sarà benedetto, e il trono di Davidde sarà stabile in eterno dinanzi al Signore.And king Salomon be blessed, and the throne of Dauid shal be stable before our Lord for euer:et rex Salomon benedictus, et thronus David erit stabilis coram Domino usque in sempiternum. 46So the king commanded Banaias, the son of Joiada: and he went out and struck him; and he died.Il re adunque ordinò a Banaia figliuolo di Joiada, di andare ad ucciderlo. E quegli morì.The king therfore commanded Banaias the sonne of Ioiada: who going out, stroke him, and he died.Jussit itaque rex Banaiæ filio Jojadæ, qui egressus, percussit eum, et mortuus est.
2:1
Year of the World 2990, Year before Christ 1014.
2:2
Calmet
Flesh, to the tomb. Omnium idem exitus est, sed et idem domicilium. (Petronius) ---In life each follows his own course. (Calmet)
2:3
Charge, what he orders.
Menochius
Understand. Hebrew, "act prudently," (Menochius) or "with success," Greek interpreters (Calmet) and Chaldean. (Menochius)
The observance of God's law, both in private and in public, will ensure to thee the title of a wise prince.
2:4
Calmet
Truth and sincerity. (Calmet)
Menochius
This promise was made, 2 Kings 7:16. (Menochius)
2:5
Challoner
Joab. These instructions given by David to his son, with relation to Joab and Semei, proceeded not from any rancour of heart, or private pique; but from a zeal for justice: that crimes so public and heinous might not pass unpunished. (Challoner)
Haydock
David and Solomon esteemed themselves, in a manner, defiled, as long as these continued unpunished, ver. 31. Joab had behaved to David with great insolence, after the death of Absalom. (Haydock)
Menochius
He had lately sided with Adonias. (Menochius)
Haydock
But what touched the good old king more particularly, were the treacherous murders of two great generals, who had put themselves under his protection, and were endeavouring to promote his welfare. Only the fear of greater commotions had hitherto prevented David from bringing his nephew to public execution, as the people expected. He deemed it requisite to remind his successor of this obligation, when his power should be sufficiently strong, that the impunity of such daring offenders might not destroy the commonwealth. (Haydock)
2:6
Challoner
To hell. This word hell doth not signify the place or state of damnation; but the place and state of the dead. (Challoner)
It would have been a great scandal if this murderer had died quietly in his old age. Joab had rendered great services to his uncle, for which he had been rewarded. He had been at the head of the armies 40 years. His great age rendered him now less formidable; particularly as the nation enjoyed peace.
2:7
Table, or of the meat, which had been served upon it; as was the custom at the court of Persia, Daniel 1:5.
Calmet
Brother. See 2 Kings 19:31. (Calmet)
2:8
Curse. Saying, Go out, etc., 2 Kings 16:5.
Haydock
Camp. Hebrew Machanayim. (Haydock)
Sword. He would revenge his private wrongs, but reserved the punishment of a notorious offender, till a time when passion would have no influence. Solomon was not bound by the personal oath of his father.
2:9
Eusebio † 339 d.C.
Man. Many have thought that Solomon was only 12 years old. (Eusebius, etc.)
But the best chronologers suppose that he was about 20. God had blessed him with a happy disposition, which he adorned with various graces, 3 Kings 3:12., and Wisdom 8:19.
2:10
St. Chrysostom
David. Thus died this perfect model of princes, and this great saint, whose only fault, of consequence, was occasioned by Bethsabee: (2 Kings 11:4.) and this served to display his repentance. (St. Chrysostom, hom. lxxvii.)
Ep. ad Marcel
He prefigured Jesus Christ in a wonderful manner; in his birth, at the same city; his election, in preference to his brethren; his persecutions, and subsequent glory. Jesus was, in like manner, betrayed by a false friend, and obliged to go out of Jerusalem, laden with his cross. But he acquired fresh splendour by his sufferings, and purchased a more faithful people. The tomb of David remained for many ages, Acts 2:29. Josephus says that it contained vast riches: but this seems to be fabulous. St. Jerome often went to pray at this tomb. (Ep. ad Marcel.)
Calmet
If it be now unknown, the Holy Ghost has left us a more illustrious monument to the honour of this great man, in the Psalms, and Ecclesiasticus 47:2., etc. (Calmet)
We have now only an abridgment of his history, 1 Paralipomenon 29:29.
2:11
Haydock
Seven years. The odd six months are not mentioned, 2 Kings 2:11. (Haydock)
2:12
Salien
Sat, exercising the same authority, as he had done in his father's life-time, 3 Kings 1:53. (Calmet) (St. Augustine, de C.[City of God?] 17:8.) (Salien, the year before Christ 1033.)
Haydock
The public assembly of Israel, convoked by David, had already sworn fidelity to him, 1 Paralipomenon 28:1. (Haydock)
2:15
Calmet
Mine, according to the ordinary course of things. But I was willing to forego my claims, when I perceived that the Lord had made choice of my brother. (Calmet)
2:17
Calmet
Wife. Some think that Joab had instigated Adonias to make this petition, that his party might be strengthened. (Theodoret, q. 7.) But love might be his prompter. (Calmet)
Haydock
Bethsabee consented to further his petition, (Menochius) without suspecting any bad consequences. (Haydock)
2:19
Q. Curt. v
To her. Only fools will despise their parents, Proverbs 15:20., Ecclesiasticus 3:18., and Tobias 4:3. The Persians would allow no one to sit in his mother's presence, without her leave; and Alexander would treat Sysigambis with the like respect. (Q. Curt. v.)
Xenophon
Right hand. In the most honourable place, next to his own, Genesis 48:13. The Turks and Persians give the preference to the left. (Xenophon, Cyrop. viii.)
2:20
Worthington
Thy face, with confusion. He engages to grant her request, if it could be done with any propriety, (Calmet) as a son ought to do. (Worthington)
2:22
Grotius
The kingdom. It was a maxim in most of the oriental courts, that the things which had belonged to the king, should not be enjoyed by any but his successor. (Grotius)
Calmet
Hence Adonias might be suspected of ambitious projects, as his party was still formidable. (Calmet)
The marriage seems also to be unlawful. (Menochius) See 3 Kings 1:4.
Haydock
Yet, if the aforesaid custom subsisted at that time; or, if the marriage had been evidently prohibited, both Adonias and Bethsabee must have acted in a very inconsistent manner, so that we must hesitate before we pronounce sentence. (Haydock)
2:24
St. Jerome
House. This generally denotes children, and Roboam was born this year. Some have considered his birth as miraculous, supposing that Solomon was not above 12 years old, ver. 9. (St. Jerome, Ep. ad Vital.)
2:25
Banaias. The chief officers became executioners, on such occasions, Daniel 2:24. The Romans employed soldiers; which makes Tertullian (Coron. xi.) dissuade Christians from entering the service.
2:26
Salien
Priest. Sadoc had been anointed in his stead, probably by Nathan, in the general assembly, while David was present: they anointed....Sadoc to be high priest, 1 Paralipomenon 29:22. (Salien)
Calmet
But now, Solomon orders Abiathar to retire to his estate, in punishment of his conspiracy. (Calmet)
Haydock
He might have justly put him to death, if he had committed a crime worthy of it; as his dignity did not give him a right to disturb the peace of the state with impunity. (Haydock)
Worthington
Solomon acted as a prophet. (Worthington)
Haydock
God had long before denounced that the family of Eleazar should regain the dignity, which Heli had obtained by some means or other, 1 Kings 2:31. (Haydock)
Solomon only put the divine decree in execution. (Pineda 6:15.)
Menochius
Sadoc had perhaps also passed sentence, as the Levitical tribe had a great sway in the courts of judicature. (Menochius)
Haydock
Abiathar was still honoured with his former title, 3 Kings 4:4. But he was not permitted to officiate, (Calmet) nor to remain in the royal city, as he seemed now to be a dangerous man. (Haydock)
Calmet
A portion of the suburbs had been assigned to Abiathar, unless he had obtained a field by inheritance, or by marrying an heiress, See Jeremias 32:7. (Calmet)
2:28
Joab. The Latin manuscripts, except one, and almost all the ancient editions of Sixtus, etc., read Solomon. "And a messenger came to Solomon that Joab," etc.
Calmet
Solomon. Hebrew, Absalom. Septuagint vary. The difference is of little consequence. (Calmet)
2:30
Haydock
Die, if my life must not be spared. (Haydock)
He knew that the like precaution would not have been able to protect Adonias. It was not just that he, who had despised all that was sacred, should find an asylum at the altar itself.
2:34
2:35
Worthington
Abiathar. See ver. 26. Secular princes sometimes nominate, but they must obey, the pastor. (Worthington)
2:37
Cedron, which led towards Bahurim. He was equally forbidden to go out by any other road; and was put to death for going to Geth.
Head. Thou canst blame only thyself. Solomon might have put this man to death before: but he chose to pay so much deference to the oath of his father, as not to bring him to execution without a fresh offence.
2:39
Abulensis
Servants. Two in number; (Hebrew; Septuagint) perhaps originally from Geth; (Menochius) to the king of which place David had fled, 44 years before. (Abulensis, q. 44.)
2:5
Joab.... These instructions given by David to his son, with relation to Joab and Semei, proceeded not from any rancour of heart, or private pique; but from a zeal for justice, that crimes so public and heinous might not pass unpunished.
2:6
To hell.... This word hell doth not here signify the place or state of damnation; but the place and state of the dead.
2:12
The second part. O• Salomons r•••ne, and actes good and bad.
2:20
In al co••e 〈◊〉 suires•• 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 to heare his mother.
2:27
By special instinct Salomon did this extraordinarie fact as a prophet & minister of God, executing his sentence geuen before against the house of ••l• 〈◊〉 the sinnes of his children, •. Reg. 2. •. 31. and for A••athars proper fault 〈◊〉 with Adonias against Salomon 3. Reg. 1.
2:35
Salomon was not only a kīg but also a prophet. Moreouer some secular princes do• 〈◊〉 ••inate spiritual superiours, are in shal them in, ther 〈◊〉 yet their i•••sd•ction is not depending on the 〈◊〉 but the 〈◊〉 to be 〈◊〉 by them Num 27. v. 21.
2:5
sant'Ambrogio † 397 d.C. On the Duties of the Clergy 2.7
… Nor did he despise him when suing for peace, but honoured him by a banquet. When killed by treachery, he mourned and wept for him. He followed him and honoured his obsequies, and evinced his good faith in desiring vengeance for the murder; for he handed on that duty to his son in the charge that he gave him,
2:9
papa san Gregorio I Magno † 604 d.C. The Book of Pastoral Rule 1.11
… Hence by Hannah prophesying it is said, He will keep the feet of his saints, and the wicked shall be silent in darkness (
2:10
san Girolamo † 420 d.C. The Letters of St. Jerome 46.13
… We shall see Lazarus come forth bound with grave clothes, we shall look upon the waters of Jordan purified for the washing of the Lord. Thence we shall pass to the folds of the shepherds, we shall pray together in the mausoleum of David.
2:11
Origene † 254 d.C. Origen's Commentary on the Gospel of John 10.22
… from such supplies I prepared for the house of the saints, three thousand talents of gold from Suphir, and seven thousand talents of stamped silver. that the houses of God may be overlaid with them by the hands of artificers.” For David reigned seven years in Hebron and thirty-three years in Jerusalem;
san Giovanni Crisostomo † 407 d.C. The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom 2
… For both Ezekiel and other prophets besides speak of David as coming and rising again; not meaning him that was dead, but them who were emulating his virtue. And to Hezekiah He saith, “I will defend this city, for mine own sake and for my servant David’s sake.” And to Solomon too He said, that for David’s sake He rent not the kingdom during his lifetime.
2:16
san Giovanni Crisostomo † 407 d.C. A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 23
… (d) “Then Peter opened his mouth, and said, Of a truth I perceive that God is no respector of persons: but in every nation he that feareth Him, and worketh righteousness, is acceptable to him.” ( v. 34, 35 .) That is, be he uncircumcised or circumcised. (c) This also Paul declaring, saith, “For there is no respect of persons with God.”
2:17
san Giovanni Crisostomo † 407 d.C. A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 23
… (d) “Then Peter opened his mouth, and said, Of a truth I perceive that God is no respector of persons: but in every nation he that feareth Him, and worketh righteousness, is acceptable to him.” ( v. 34, 35 .) That is, be he uncircumcised or circumcised. (c) This also Paul declaring, saith, “For there is no respect of persons with God.”
2:20
san Giovanni Crisostomo † 407 d.C. A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 23
… (d) “Then Peter opened his mouth, and said, Of a truth I perceive that God is no respector of persons: but in every nation he that feareth Him, and worketh righteousness, is acceptable to him.” ( v. 34, 35 .) That is, be he uncircumcised or circumcised. (c) This also Paul declaring, saith, “For there is no respect of persons with God.”
2:38
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. On the Creed 11
11. “He ascended into heaven:” believe. “He sitteth at the right hand of the Father:” believe. By sitting, understand dwelling: as [in Latin] we say of any person, “In that country he dwelt ( sedit ) three years.” The Scripture also has that expression, that such an one dwelt ( sedisse ) in a city for such a time.
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2. EGO INGREDIOR VIAM UNIVERSÆ TERRÆ, — id est omnium terrigenarum, sive hominum omnium in terra habitantium, q. d. Ego tendo ad mortem, uti cæteri homines qui terram incolunt, ut a terra e qua plasmatus sum in terram et pulverem redeam. Est metonymia significans idem quod alibi dicitur: «Ego ingredior viam universæ carnis,» id est viam mortis, quam ingrediuntur omnes qui carne constant. Salubris est hæc mortis et sepulcri memoria, juxta illud Eccles. cap. vii, vers. 40: «In omnibus operibus memorare novissima tua, et in æternum non peccabis.» Et cap. xiv, vers. 12: «Memor esto quoniam mors non tardat, etc., testamentum enim hujus mundi est,» quod omnis homo «morte morietur.» Simili modo S. Antonius moriturus, teste S. Athanasio, ait discipulis: «Ego quidem, filioli, secundum eloquia Scripturarum, patrum gradior viam. Jam enim Dominus me invitat, jam cupio videre cœlestia, sed vos, o viscera mea, admoneo, ne tanti temporis laborem repente perdatis. Hodie vos religiosum studium arripuisse arbitramini, et cœpta voluntatis fortitudo succrescat.» Et S. Paulus primus Eremita sub mortem Dei instinctu visitatus a S. Antonio, teste S. Hieronymo: «En, inquit, quem tanto labore quæsisti, putridis senectute membris operit inculta canities. En vides hominem pulverem mox futurum.» Et paulo post: «Quia dormitionis meæ tempus advenit, et quod semper cupiebam, dissolvi et esse cum Christo, peracto cursu superest mihi corona justitiæ; tu missus es a Domino, qui humo corpusculum meum tegas, imo terræ terram reddas.» Et S. Maria Ægyptiaca ad Zosimam: «Sepeli, inquit, Abba Zosima, miseræ Mariæ corpusculum. Redde terræ quod suum est, et pulveri adjice pulverem. Ora tamen Dominum pro me.» Et Barlaam ad Josaphat: «Non jam, inquit, charissime fili, nos in hac vita eadem domus ac mensa conjunget. Jam enim ultimam patrum meorum viam ingredior. Quocirca tibi faciendum est, ut per mandatorum divinorum observationem, atque in hoc loco ad extremum usque vitæ diem commorationem, tui erga me amoris specimen exhibeas; sic nimirum vitæ tuæ rationes instituens quemadmodum didicisti, nec unquam abjectæ atque ignavæ animæ meæ memoriam intermittens. Multum itaque vale, atque in Christo delectare et exsulta; quoniam terrena et interitui obnoxia cum sempiternis et ab interitu alienis bonis commutasti, ac propinqua est operum tuorum merces, ac jam jamque adest qui mercedem refert.» Ita Damascenus in eorum historia.
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3. ET OBSERVA CUSTODIAS DOMINI DEI TUI. — «Custodias,» id est, præcepta quæ Deus a te et cæteris observari et custodiri jussit. Patet ex sequentibus. Custodiæ ergo vocantur hic res custodiendæ, per metonymiam. UT INTELLIGAS UNIVERSA QUÆ FACIS, — hoc est, ut intelligenter et prudenter agas quæcumque ages; hoc enim significat Hebraica vox משכל taschekil, unde Chaldæus vertit, ut prospera reddas omnia quæ feceris; alii, ut felix sis in omnibus quæ agis. Qui enim prudenter sua agit, hic prospere ea agit. Prudentia enim est mater prosperitatis et felicitatis, sicut imprudentia infelicitatis.
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5. ET EFFUDIT SANGUINEM BELLI (qui scilicet poterat esse causa belli) IN PACE, ET POSUIT CRUOREM PRÆLII IN BALTEO SUO, ETC., ET IN CALCEAMENTO SUO. — q. d. Joab proditorie occidit Abner et Amasam, præ se ferens amicum et arctum adeo eorum complexum, ut in complexu hos dolose eos transfodiens, balteus et calcei ejus sanguine cæsorum tingerentur. Ita Lyranus, Vatablus et alii: vocat autem hunc sanguinem «belli et prælii,» quia periculum belli erat ex hac cæde; ne scilicet totus Israel Davidi rebellaret, velletque ulcisci proditoriam hanc cædem suorum ducum Abner et Amasæ factam a Joab, ideoque David eum hic jubet occidi. Rursum to belli alludit ad bellum, in quo juste Abner occidit Asaelem fratrem Joab, cujus necem proinde Joab ultus est cæde Abneris, q. d. Joab ulcisci voluit sanguinem fratris sui Asaelis occidendo Abner, sed perperam et inique. Nam Abner juste in bello occidit Asaelem; Joab autem inique et proditorie occidit Abner in pace, cum Abner jam reconciliatus esset Davidi, imo totum Israel ad eum reduceret. Quare Joab Abnerem et Amasam in pace occidit quasi in prælio, adeoque pacem proditorie convertit in prælium, quo prælians et gladium stringens utrumque fraudulenter occidit, cum ipsi putarent se esse in pace, omniaque sibi cum David et Joab esse pacifica, ob pacem cum eo initam, idque præ se ferret Joab utrumque dolose complexans et osculans, quæ magna fuit Joabi fraus, injustitia et perfidia.
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6. FACIES ERGO JUXTA SAPIENTIAM TUAM (ut quæsita commoda occasione, et justo prætextu eum punias), ET NON DEDUCES CANITIEM EJUS PACIFICE AD INFEROS, — q. d. Non sines eum senem pacifice in lecto mori, sed violenta morte plectes; nam ante Christum omnes morientes descendebant ad inferos, saltem ad limbum patrum. Lex enim talionis a lege naturæ divina et humana lata est, ut, qui alium occidit, occidatur. Dices: Cur David non occidit Joab, sed id mandavit Salomoni? Respondeo, quia cum Joab occidit Abnerem et Amasam, David non habebat potentiam et vires ad id sufficientes. Necdum enim in regno erat plane confirmatus, sed metuebat Joab, ne is contra se Israelem concitaret, uti paulo ante concitarat Abner; postea vero David bellis continuis implicitus id facere non potuit, præsertim quia Joabo egebat; nec enim alium habebat tam idoneum quem castris præficeret. Mandavit ergo id Salomoni, qui plena pace potiebatur, ideoque plena dignitate et auctoritate pollebat. Ita Josephus. Aliam causam, cur David jusserit occidi Joab, affert Theodoretus, quia timuit, inquit, ne is solita usus malitia despiceret juventutem Salomonis, et vel eum per speciem benevolentiæ interficeret, sicut prædictos occiderat; vel apertam instrueret aciem, et divideret Israelem intrudendo regem Adoniam, cui favebat, qui regni spem non plane abjecerat, ut sequentia declarabunt.
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8. QUI MALEDIXIT MIHI MALEDICTIONE PESSIMA. — Septuaginta odoloroso, id est dolorosa; Chaldæus, amara; Hebraice est ממרצת nimretset, quod Hebræi apud S. Hieronymum sic explicant, ut per quinque litteras, quibus hæc vox constat, quinque convicia quæ Semei jecit in Davidem, significentur. Nimirum per primam nun significet נואף noeph, id est adulter, propter adulterium cum Bethsabee; per secundam mem, מואבי Moabi, id est Moabita, eo quod David ex ignobili Ruth Moabitide genus duceret; per tertiam resh, רוצח rotseach, id est homicida, propter Uriam et tot alios e medio sublatos; per quartam tsade, צרוע tsarua, id est leprosus, eo quod David jam non aliter ejectus ex urbe videretur quam soleant leprosi, quorum consortium omnes horrent et exsecrantur; per quintam tau, תועבה designatur toaba, quod abominabile significat. NON TE INTERFICIAM GLADIO. — Hinc patet Davidem cum dixit Semei: «Non morieris,» non plenam ei dedisse veniam et impunitatem, sed limitatam et restrictam ad tempus vitæ Davidis, q. d. Ego non interficiam te, per omnem vitam meam tibi condonabo vitam; sed post mortem meam cave tibi, quia Salomon filius meus meo instinctu quæret occasionem tuum scelus et maledictum castigandi: cum enim hæc promissio non sit debita, sed gratuita et liberalis, ex mente promittentis interpretanda et limitanda est, ait Abulensis. Commendat ergo David hic Salomoni justitiam in omnes, sed præsertim in maleficos, quos ipse hucusque clementer vivere permiserat, ut nunc ipse satisfaceret justitiæ; quæ in sua clementi permissione tacite intelligebatur, juxta illud Psal. lxxi, 1: «Deus judicium tuum regi da, et justitiam tuam filio regis.»
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10. DORMIVIT IGITUR DAVID CUM PATRIBUS SUIS ET SEPULTUS EST IN CIVITATE DAVID, — puta in Sion. «Dormivit.» S. Scriptura mortem vocat somnum, ob fidem et spem resurrectionis. Nam in die judicii a morte quasi e somno evigilabimus ad vitam æternam. Hinc pia fidelium consuetudo habet, ut cum quis moritur dicant: «Obdormivit in Domino.» Porro Josephus in fine lib. VII Davidi hoc dat elogium quasi epitaphium: David fuit «vir optimus et omnibus virtutibus præditus, quas regem tot gentium incolumitati prospicientem habere oportebat. Nam fortis erat, ut nemo alius: et in certaminibus pro subjectorum tutela susceptis primus se periculis objiciebat, exemplo suo militem ad præclara facinora excitans, et non tantum dominus pro imperio ad officium cogens. Idem in consiliis prudentissimus, et egregie callens quid in præsens quidve in futurum conduceret. Ad hæc sobrius, mitis, benignus erga calamitosos, justus, humanus: quæ quidem præcipuæ sunt regum virtutes, nec in tanta potestate unquam ab æquitate deflexit, nisi quod ad Uriæ uxorem attinet. Tantas præterea divitias reliquit, quantas nullus alius rex, vel Hebræorum, vel aliarum gentium.» De sepultura deinde ejusdem hæc illico subjicit: «Sepelivit eum Salomon Hierosolymis magnifice, præter solemnia illa in regum funeribus, illatis etiam in monumentum ejus maximis divitiis, quarum magnitudinem facile sit conjectare ex hoc quod dicemus. Nam post annos ccc Hyrcanus pontifex oppugnatus ab Antiocho cognomine Pio, Demetrii filio, volens pecuniam ei dare, ut abducto exercitu obsidionem solveret, nec valens aliunde sumere, aperta cella monumenti Davidis, et prolatis inde tribus talentorum millibus, eorumque parte Antiocho numerata, oppugnationis periculo se exemit, sicut et alibi indicavimus. Ac rursum post multos annos elapsos Herodes rex alia cella aperta magnam pecuniam sustulit: ad loculos tamen, qui regum cineres continebant, neuter eorum pervenit. Singulari enim arte ita erant sub terram conditi, ut ab ingredientibus monumentum inveniri nequirent.» Verum horum fides sit penes Josephum: tot enim talentorum multitudo in sepulcrum defossa videtur pene incredibilis; ac cellæ eam ægre capere potuissent. Porro I Paral. xxix, 28, de Davide dicitur: «Et mortuus est in senectute bona, plenus dierum, et divitiis, et gloria.» Fuit enim ipse regum omnium idea et exemplar, ideoque in omnibus fere typus Christi, uti per singula fuse ostendit noster Salianus anno mundi 3021, numer. 92 et seqq. Vide elogia Davidis Eccli. xlvii, 2 et seq. ubi eadem explicui.
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17. UT DET MIHI ABISAG SUNAMITIDEM UXOREM. — Fuerat Abisag uxor Davidis regis: unde eam postulat Adonias filius Davidis, ut per eam quasi reginam evadat ad regnum, et a populo sibi favente acclametur rex. Consilium hoc Adoniæ suggesisse Joab, qui ejus partes fovebat, eratque vir sagax et callidus, censent Theodoretus, Hugo, Abulensis, Dionysius; Joab enim sibi a Salomone metuebat, et merito, uti mox patebit. Quæres, quomodo Adonias ausus est petere uxorem patris sui, cum id vetetur Levit. xviii, 7? Respondent Josephus, Cajetanus et Serarius, ibi tantum vetari ne quis uxorem ducat illam quæ cognita est a patre. Abisag autem non fuit cognita a Davide, sed mansit virgo. Unde ejus matrimonium illa Levitici lege non fuisse vetitum. Ut ut est, Adonias hujus legis ignarus videtur putasse hoc matrimonium esse licitum, aut certe amore pulchritudinis Abisag, et ambitione regnandi excæcatus illam parvipendit. Porro, an jure naturæ licitum ratumque sit matrimonium filii ducentis uxorem patris, variæ sunt Doctorum sententiæ. Nam noster Thomas Sanchez, lib. VII De Imped. matrimon., disp. 66, docet matrimonium in primo gradu affinitatis in linea recta, puta soceri cum nuru, vel socrus cum genero, non esse irritum jure naturæ, ideoque esse dispensabile. Probat, quia tale fuisset matrimonium Adoniæ cum Abisag uxore patris sui Davidis. Si enim hoc fuisset irritum, utique Adonias non postulasset illam sibi in uxorem. Citat Sanchez in hanc sententiam S. Thomam, Alensem, Abulensem, Gabrielem, Tapperum et plures alios. Ex adverso Bellarminus, lib. I De Matrim. cap. xxviii, docet matrimonium tale esse irritum jure naturæ et indispensabile, quia nunquam in eo dispensatum legimus. Est enim plane contra honestatem naturalem et pudorem paternum maternumque. Idem tenet P. Ægidius Coninck, qui ex Josepho a Costa, lib. VI Indic. cap. xxi, narrat Paulum IV Pontificem cum concilio Limensi ita decidisse, scilicet ut Indi Peruani, qui matrimonium contraxerant cum noverca vel cum nuru, non admitterentur ad baptismum, nisi prius solverent tale matrimonium, velut jure naturæ irritum. Ad Abisag, respondet Bellarminus, primo, illam non fuisse uxorem Davidis; non enim in Scriptura vocatur uxor, sed tantum calefactrix senis; secundo, si fuit uxor, Adoniam illicite petiisse uxorem, utpote contra legem Levit. xviii, 7 et 15, ideoque juste a Salomone jussum occidi: plus enim hic valere debet sententia Salomonis regis sapientissimi, quam postulatio Adoniæ. Hanc sententiam sequitur Paludanus, Sotus, Valentia, Navarrus, Covarruvias, Sylvester, Vasquez et plurimi alii, quos citat Sanchez loco citato et Ægidius Coninck, disput. 32 De Imped. matrimon., dubio 4, conclus. 3. Problema ergo est, an matrimonium soceri cum nuru, vel generi cum socru sit jure naturæ irritum. Utrimque enim sunt graves auctores, his, et quidem pluribus asserentibus, illis negantibus. Utraque ergo sententia probabilis est, et utramque in praxi sequi potest Pontifex, ut in eo vel dispenset, si justa prægnansque causa subsit; vel dispensationem neget, sicut hucusque negavit (et quidem adhuc recenter his diebus, quibus Romæ versor) ob rei indecentiam; certe publicum hujus dispensationis non exstat exemplum, quod sciam. Illud certum est apud omnes matrimonium hoc jure naturæ vetari, ac multo magis lege veteri, ut patet Levit. xviii, 15, et xx, 14, et Deut. cap. xxvii, vers. 20. Quare Adonias volens hanc legem violare, juste a Salomone repelli et plecti potuit ac debuit, præsertim quia per hoc tacite ambiebat regnum. Multo magis jure naturæ vetitum et irritum est, ideoque indispensabile matrimonium in primo gradu consanguinitatis lineæ rectæ, ut si pater velit ducere filiam, vel mater suum filium, uti omnes doctores docent. Quocirca ab Ecclesia colitur et celebratur S. Dymphna, quæ cum esset filia regis Hiberniæ, ab eo ob formam in conjugem appetita, cum ipsa id constanter abnueret, a patre gladio obtruncata pro castitate Martyr occubuit, cujus sanctitatem Deus multis illustravit, et etiamnum illustrat miraculis; unde magnus energumenorum et maniacorum ad sepulcrum ejus (quod Geelæ in Brabantia exstat) est concursus, uti oculis meis conspexi. Infamis igitur et porcina fuit responsio illius aulici et adulatoris, qui Henrico VIII, Angliæ regi, volenti ducere Annam Bolenam (quam ejus esse filiam spuriam vehemens erat suspicio) rogatus quod et quale peccatum foret, si quis matrem cognosceret et ejus filiam, respondit: Tale, ac si quis pullum comedat cum gallina. Sed Deus contrarium ostendit, cum Henricum totamque Angliam ob hoc conjugium gravissime afflixit, omnemque Henrici prosapiam funditus exstinxit. Ita Sanderus, lib. I De Schism. Anglic.
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19. ET SURREXIT REX IN OCCURSUM EJUS, ADORAVITQUE EAM, — se ei inclinando, et reverentiam filialem exhibendo. Privatim enim eam excepit et honoravit ut matrem. Nam, ut ait Taurus Philosophus apud Gellium, lib. II, cap. ii: «Privatim inter filium magistratum et patrem privatum publici honores cessant, naturales et genuini exoriuntur.» Secus faciendum in publico. Unde Gellius ibidem laudat filium Fabii Maximi, qui Consul existens, ac patri Proconsuli in publica via occurrens, jussit eum ex equo descendere; atque Fabius imperio filii paruit, eumque collaudavit, cum imperium, quod populi esset, retineret. Sine apud Persas filio coram matre sedere non licebat, nisi illa annuente. Unde Alexander Magnus Darii matrem Sisigambim, quam colebat ut matrem, sic alloquitur apud Curtium, libro V: «Quoties ad te veni, donec ut consederem annueres, restiti.»
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20. PETE, MATER MEA: NEQUE ENIM FAS EST UT AVERTAM FACIEM TUAM. — Hebraice, non enim reverti faciam faciem tuam, id est, ut te tuamque faciem confundam et pudore afficiam negando quod postulas. Cum enim quid alicui negatur, ille confusus faciem suam retrahit, avertit, et domum redit. Promittit Salomon omnia se concessurum, quæ mater postulabit; intellige, si æqua et utilia postulet: non autem si sibi matrique noxia, uti erat de danda Abisag uxore Adoniæ. Si Salomon omnia matris postulata implet, multo magis Christus concedit matri suæ omnia quæ pro nobis supplicando petit. Illam ergo adeamus, et per illam omnia impetrabimus. Nec enim Christus confundet et pudefaciet faciem matris suæ, uti sæpe inculcat S. Bernardus; nec enim ipsa aliquid petit aut petere potest, quod sit præter dignitatem filii et suam.
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22. POSTULA EI ET REGNUM, — q. d. Si postulas Abisag dari uxorem Adoniæ, postulas ei regnum. Ipse enim ambit uxorem patris nostri regis Davidis, ut per eam quasi reginam elevetur in celsitudinem regiam, fiatque rex; præsertim quia ad hoc ei auxiliantur Abiathar Pontifex, et Joab dux militiæ. Ita Rupertus et alii.
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25. MISITQUE REX SALOMON PER MANUM BANAIÆ, — hoc est, misit Banaiam, ut per manum ejus occideretur Adonias. Est hebraismus. Cajetanus asserit Salomonem peccasse temeritate judicii, quod unico judicio fratrem læsæ majestatis damnarit, nisi tamen id moris fuerit. At vel unicum, ait Serarius, si id certum sit, hodie sufficiat, præsertim ubi periculum est regi, ne regno ab æmulo privetur, uti hic erat. Adde Salomonem hic punivisse primam regni invasionem factam ab Adonia, qua se curaverat ungi et coronari regem. Licet enim Salomon illam ei condonasset, tamen id fecit sub conditione, si deinceps sibi foret fidelis, ac domi quiete se continens nullam deinceps ambitionis et affectati regni de se daret suspicionem; quod si illam daret, puniretur non tantum ob suspicionem, sed et ob invasionem regni præteritam. Adonias autem postulans Abisag uxorem, justam dedit Salomoni occasionem suspicandi ipsum rursus ambire regnum. Cur enim inverecunde et arroganter contra legem naturæ et divinam postulat reginam uxorem patris sui, nisi ut per eam thronum patris occupet, fiatque rex? quare jure merito plexus est a Salomone. Timebat enim Salomon eum, utpote ambitiosum et inquietum, semper res novas moliturum, et ad regnum jure primogenituræ sibi debitum aspiraturum: quare se eo vivente nunquam in regno fore securum. Occidit ergo eum ut sibi securitatem et regno quietem pareret. Vide hic rursum quam David infelix fuerit in filiis. Amnon enim vitiavit Thamar, Absalom eum occidit et patri rebellavit, Adonias ambivit regnum, ideoque a fratre interemptus est. Fuit hæc pœna, et pœnitentia Davidi ob adulterium et homicidium Uriæ a Deo inflicta, II Regum xii, 10, dicente: «Quamobrem non recedet gladius de domo tua.» En modica brevisque voluptas quantas ei peperit clades, ac quantarum calamitatum post se syrma caudamque protraxit.
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26. ABIATHAR QUOQUE SACERDOTI (pontifici) DIXIT REX: VADE IN ANATHOTH AD AGRUM TUUM, EQUIDEM VIR MORTIS ES, — q. d. Mereris occidi, quia contra me conspirasti cum Adonia, eumque in regem unxisti. Ego tamen te non occidam, quia pontifex Davidi patri meo fidelis exstitisti; sed tantum a Jerusalem te ablegabo, ne in ea rursum res novas inter fratres et cives meos contra me moliaris. Vade ergo ad agrum tuum in Anathoth, ibique quiesce et res tuas age, nec rebus meis et regni te deinceps immisce. Porro hoc ipso Salomon indirecte exautoravit et privavit Abiathar pontificatu, quia pontifex debebat residere Jerosolymis, ut sacerdotes in templo ministrantes dirigeret, Synagogæ et concilio Sanhedrim præsideret, regi foret a consiliis, populum doceret, etc. Quare ablegato Abiathar, Salomon surrogavit ei Sadoc.
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27. UT IMPLERETUR SERMO DEI, QUEM LOCUTUS EST SUPER DOMUM HELI IN SILO, — I Reg. cap. ii, 30, ubi Deus minatur Heli et posteris ejus privationem vitæ, æque ac pontificatus, additque vers. 35: «Et suscitabo mihi sacerdotem fidelem,» scilicet Sadoc. Igitur Salomon vir sapiens usus hac occasione rebellionis Abiathar, ex Dei instinctu has ejus contra Heli minas, hocque ejus de Sadoc in pontificatum restituendo promissum implevit, itaque pontificatum a familia Ithamar et Heli, ex qua erat Abiathar, ad primævam et genuinam Eleazar stirpem, ex qua erat Sadoc, reduxit. Fecit hoc in pœnam peccatorum tum Heli, tum Abiathar; hic enim reus erat capitis et læsæ majestatis, quia faverat Adoniæ contra Salomonem, qui a Deo et a patre Davide constitutus erat rex: quare eum ejecit in exilium, sed honestum; misit enim eum in patriam ad prædia sua, ut ibi vitam, quam ei condonabat, quiete traduceret. Nemo ergo hinc concludat Imperatores et Reges habere jus in Pontifices, ut eos creare et exauctorare possint. Nam Salomon exautoravit Abiathar auctoritate non sua, sed Dei. Deus enim primitus Aaroni, indeque Eleazaro quasi primogenito, ejusque posteris pontificatum assignarat. Inde deviavit pontificatus ad Heli, qui erat ex Ithamar, jussit ergo Deus eum reduci ad familiam Eleazar, puta ad Sadoc; idque fecit Salomon instinctu jussuque Dei, non ut Rex, sed ut Propheta, ut divinæ justitiæ executor, uti ostendit Bellarminus, lib. II De Pontif. cap. xxix. Adde, nunc in lege nova longe sanctior et sublimior est pontificatus, quam fuerit in lege veteri: quare etiamsi tunc pontifex fuisset subditus regi, ut censet Abulensis, jam tamen non est, quia Pontifex est jam vicarius Christi, qui est Rex regum, et Dominus dominantium. Vide dicta Numer. xxvii, 21.
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28. VENIT AUTEM NUNTIUS AD JOAB QUOD JOAB DECLINASSET POST ADONIAM, ET POST SALOMONEM NON DECLINASSET, — ita legendum cum Hebræo, Chaldæo, Septuaginta, Romanis et cæteris: perperam ergo in Regiis et aliis nonnullis legitur: Venit autem nuntius ad Salomonem. Sensus est, q. d. Venit nuntius ad Joab, nuntians ei occisum esse Adoniam, ut ipse qui faverat Adoniæ, et cum eo contra Salomonem conjurarat, fuga sibi consuleret, ne ipse quoque ut socius et particeps conjurationis Adoniæ occideretur a Salomone. POST SALOMONEM, — ita legendum cum Septuaginta, Romanis et cæteris. At vero Hebræus et Chaldæus jam habent, post Absalomem, quod Vatablus sic explicat, q. d. Joab etsi initio fuerit Davidi fidelis, nec declinarit post Absalomem; tamen postea fuit infidelis, quia cum Adonia conjuravit contra Salomonem, qui a Davide constitutus erat rex. Alii censent Salomonem vocari Absalomem, eo quod Absalom Hebraice idem sit quod pater pacis: Salomon vero idem sit quod pacificus, ideoque pater et arbiter pacis. Sic Ochozias per metathesin dictus est Joachaz. Verisimilius est Hebræa et Chaldæa moderna esse corrupta, ac S. Hieronymum in Hebræo pro post Absalomem, legisse post Salomonem. Sic enim legerunt Septuaginta, et antithesis id exigit. Ita Sanchez.
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30. NON EGREDIAR. — Sperabat Joab quod loci sanctitas eum tutaretur, nec Salomonis religio permitteret eum ibidem occidi, ideoque eo egredi noluit. Sed eum fefellit opinio: ob scelerum enim atrocitatem ibidem occisus est.
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31. FAC SICUT LOCUTUS EST, ET INTERFICE EUM, — in tabernaculo, ex quo Joab egredi non vult, sed in eo occidi et mori. Homicida enim voluntarius, qualis erat Joab, dolose occidens Abner et Amasam, non gaudebat impunitate et immunitate loci sacri, juxta illud: «Si quis per industriam occiderit proximum suum et per insidias, ab altari meo evelles eum, ut moriatur,» Exodi cap. xxi, 14. Multo magis id sancitum est lege, non divina, sed humana in novo Testamento, in qua Christiani sanctiores esse debent Judæis, et ab homicidio spontaneo magis alieni. Vide cap. inter alia, De Immunit. Ecclesiarum, ac Franciscus Suarez, tract. De Immunit. Eccli. cap. ix et x. Porro tunc non erat lata lex quod tabernaculum pollueretur cæde humana, sicut jam lata est ut Ecclesia Christiana, in qua commissa est cædes, censeatur polluta, iterumque debeat benedici. Nec juste, ait Salianus, fuso sanguine profanari poterat altare illud, quod perpetuo solebat sanguine cruentari: tota loci violatio consistebat in vi, quæ directe loci privilegium irritabat; inde enim Asyla dici certum est, quod ab eorum quasi sinu reos abstrahere non liceret. Ideoque recte credidit Salomon perinde esse Joabum ad aram occidere, vel eum inde extractum alibi jugulare; utrovis enim modo locus violabatur, nisi legis dispensatio intervenisset, quæ hic ob scelerum enormitatem non requirebatur, ut dixi.
2:44
44. REDDIDIT DOMINUS MALITIAM TUAM IN CAPUT TUUM, — q. d. Fecit Deus ut pœna malitiæ et maledictionis, qua maledixisti patri meo Davidi, in caput tuum noxium recideret. Ita enim omnia disposuit, ut tu pœnam mortis a me tibi propositam, si Jordanem transires, acceptans, tua te sententia condemnaris, et transeundo Jordanem reum mortis effeceris. Duplici ergo titulo Semei reus erat mortis. Primo, quod Jordanem contra præceptum Salomonis sub pœna mortis datum et a se acceptatum transgressus esset. Ita Theodoretus, Josephus, Serarius et alii. Secundo, quod Davidi maledixisset, et hoc maxime hic punire ex patris præcepto intendebat Salomon; sed tamen quia David pater per omnem suam vitam ei veniam dederat, noluit Salomon eam a patre datam simpliciter mutare, sed honesta conditione limitare, quam quia violavit Semei, hinc Salomon veniam patris abrogavit, ac Semei culpam et pœnam revocavit.
2:3
… talora più genericamente l'esposizione sia parenetica sia legale dei doveri d'Israele, e in quest'ultimo senso t. ricorre (« il libro della t. » « la t. di Mosè », ecc.) nelle sezioni « deuteronomiche » di Ios. e Reg. (Jos. 1, 7-8; 8, 31-34; 22, 5; 23, 6; I Reg. 2, 3; II Reg. 10, 31 a 23, 24-25: 10 volte).
2:5
ABOMINAZIONE DELLA DESOLAZIONE
… questo passo si riferirebbe a Antioco IV) o di Antioco IV Epifane (11, 31; 12, 11). Siqqûs esprime l'idea principale (in I Mach. 6, 7; appare solo: τὸ ββέλυγμα): « dobrobrio, orrore, cosa orrenda »; è designazione esecutiva degli dei o idoli pagani (I Reg. 2, 5; per lo più al plurale: Os. 9, 10, e spesso in Ier. e Ez.) o di quanto è connesso col culto idolatrico (Zach. 9, 7: le carni sacrificate). …
AMASA (EBR. ʿĀMĀŠĀʾ «FARDELLO»; SETTANTA: ʿAṬṬĀṢA)
… Questi aspettò che giungesse l'odiato rivale, e l'uccise a tradimento, fingendo di abbracciarlo, presso Gabson (ibid. 8-13). David fu afflittissimo per l'assassinio del nipote, e morendo incaricò Salomone di vendicarlo (I Reg. 2, 5, 32-34). Angelo Penna
… Jether e Jithra') che con Abigail, sorella di David, generò Amasa (v.; I Par. 2, 16, 17), il quale ebbe una parte rilevante nella storia di David finché fu ucciso da Ioab (II Sam. 17, 25; I Reg. 2, 5, 32). Angelo Penna
2:7
… Ospitò David fuggiasco per la ribellione di Absalom (II Sam. 17, 27). Invitato poi dal re riconoscente a stabilirsi presso di lui a Gerusalemme, oppose un gentile rifiuto per la sua tarda età: 80 anni (ibid. 19, 31-39). I suoi discendenti condivisero le sorti del popolo d'Israele (I Reg. 2, 7). Al tempo di Esdra e Neemia alcuni di essi, non potendo provare la loro appartenenza alla classe sacerdotale, furono privati dell'ufficio fino allora esercitato (Estd. 2, 61; Neh. …
CHAMAAM (EBR. KIMHÂM, SETTANTA ΧΑΜΆΡΙ)
CHAMAAM (ebr. Kimhâm, Settanta Χαμάρι). - Figlio di Berzellai (v.) di Galaad (II Sam. 19, 37-40; I Reg. 2, 7). Dopo la sconfitta di Absalom seguì David a Gerusalemme. …
2:8
MAHANĀIM (EBR. « DUE SCHIERE » O « DUE ACCAMPAMENTI »)
… fiume Iaboc (= Wādi ez-Zerqā) incontrò schiere di angeli (Gen. 32, 2). Era al confine tra le tribù di Gad e di Manasse (Ios. 13, 26, 30). Vi si ritirò David durante la ribellione di Absalom, morto non lontano da M. (II Sam. 17, 24, 29; 19, 32; I Reg. 2, 8).
SEMEI (EBR. ŠIM'T «[IL SIGNORE] MI HA ASCOLTATO»)
… ad Absalom (II Sam. 16, 5-8). Perdonato in quel momento da David malgrado le richieste di vendetta da parte di Abisai (v.), ed anche al ritorno (ibid. 16, 9-14; 19, 16-23), fu anni dopo messo a morte da Salomone, di cui aveva trasgredito gli ordini (I Reg. 2, 8 sg. 36-46).
2:10
… nei successivi cimiteri ebraici, ricavati in pareti rocciose, ma anche artificiali (cf. per Abramo e Sara: Gen. 23, 4-20; per Debora: ibid. 35, 8; per Giacobbe, ibid. 49, 29-30; per Mosè: Deut. 34, 6; per Giosuè: Ios. 24, 30-33; per Davide: I Reg. 2, 10; per Salomone: ibid. 11, 43; ecc.). …
… che Giuseppe è stato divorato da una belva! Num. 16, 30: si apre la terra e inghiotte i colpevoli che «discendono vivi nello šē'ōl; cf. Indec. 2, 10. David, Amri, Manasse si «ricongiunsero ai padri», ma non furono sepolti nella tomba di famiglia (I Reg. 2, 10; 16, 28; II Reg. 21, 18); lo stesso vale per Abramo, Ismacle, Aronne e Mosè.
2:11
HEBRON (EBR., HEBRHŌN « UNIONE, LEGA »; SETTANTA, ΧΈΒΡΩΝ)
10, 3. 36-39; 12, 10) e quindi ripopolata con Calebiti (Jos. 14, 12). Divenne poi città di rifugio e David, che perseguitato da Saul vi aveva trovato ricovero, la scelse come capitale rimanendovi sette anni e mezzo (II Sam. 2, 1-3, 11; 5, 1-5; I Reg. 2, 11; I Par. 29, 27). Absalom vi fece il centro della rivolta contro il padre (II Sam. 15, 7-10) e Roboam la rifornificò. …
2:13
ABISAG (EBR. « PADRE DI ERRORE » [?])
… Salomone vide nella domanda un maneggio politico — il possesso anche parziale dell'harem regale attestava un diritto al trono (cf. II Sam. 3, 7 sgg.; 16, 22) — e fece uccidere Adonia (I Reg. 2, 13-25). Francesco Spadafora
ADONĪA (EBR. 'ADONIJĀH[Ā], « MIO SIGNORE È JAHWEH »)
… ottenne dal nuovo re salva la vita; ma, dopo la morte di David, in seguito alla sua richiesta a Bethsabea di sposare Abisag (v.), l'ultima concubina del re, Salomone, sospettando nel fratello maggiore occulte aspirazioni al trono, subito lo fece uccidere (I Reg. 2, 13-25).
… La donna era sempre proprietà di un uomo: fanciulla, apparteneva al padre; sposa, al marito; vedova, agli eredi di suo marito (cf. II Reg. 3, 7; 16, 22; III Reg. 2, 13-18). I beni personali della vedova si limitavano a ciò che aveva portato con sé, maritandosi, ed a ciò che il marito le aveva donato. …
2:25
… Davide gli affidò il comando dei Kerethei e dei Pelethei (II Sam. 8, 18). Alla morte di Davide cooperò all'esaltazione di Salomone (I Reg. 1, 38), che l'elesse capo dell'esercito in luogo di Ioab (I Reg. 2, 34-35). Fu lo strumento di diverse esecuzioni capitali al principio del regno di Salomone (I Reg. 2, 25, 34, 46).
2:26
ABIATHAR (EBR. *'EBHITHĀR* « PADRE DI ABBONDANZA »)
… 15). Negli ultimi anni della vita di David appoggiò Adonia nel suo tentativo di usurpazione del trono (I Reg. 1, 7, 19); ma Salomone, succeduto a David, fu generoso col traditore e si limitò, in ricordo dei servizi prestati a suo padre, a confinarlo (I Reg. 2, 26 sg.).
… due compagni di David, Abiezer (II Sam. 23, 27; I Par. 11, 28; 27, 12) e Jehu (I Par. 12, 3), e al profeta Geremia (Jer. 1, 1), il quale ebbe però molto a soffrire dai suoi compaesani (Jer. 11, 18-23). Il pontefice Abiathar vi fu confinato da Salomone (I Reg. 2, 26). A ca. 4 km. a nord-est di Gerusalemme (Flavio Giuseppe, Ant. Ind., X, 7,3; Eusebio - s. Girolamo, Onomast., 26, 27; s. Girolamo, In Jeremiam, 1, 1; PL 24, 682), era sita sul Rās …
I Reg. 2, 26, « d'iniquità »: Iob. 34, 36); I Sam. 25, 25; 30, 22; II Sam. 16, 7; 20, 1; I Reg. 21, 13; Prov. 6, 12; 16, 27; 19, 28 (Eccli. 11, 32). Solo, usato ellitticamente (per …
… sacerdotali, insieme ai discendenti di Eleazar (famiglia di Sadoc) (I Par. 15, 11 segg.; 16, 37-43). Questi, superiori anche di numero (I Par. 24, 1-18), prevalgono, particolarmente a partire da Salomone che esilia Abiathar e dà il sommo sacerdozio a Sadoc (I Reg. 2, 26 sg.). …
… Abiathar fu destituito, avendo parteggiato per Adonia (v.), e S. rimase solo nel pontificato (I Reg. 1, 5-8; 2, 26 sg.), che i suoi detennero sino al Nuovo Testamento. …
2:28
Mosè nei due a. ufficiali ed essenziali del Tabernacolo, ampliati poi nel Tempio salomonico: a) a. degli olocausti (Ex. 28, 1-8; 38, 1-7), l'a. per antonomasia (I Reg. 2, 28), nell'atrio, destinato anche ai sacrifici incruenti, in legno di acacia rivestito di bronzo, detto perciò anche «a. di bronzo» (I Reg. 8, 64; II Reg. 16, 14), alto 3 cubiti (nel …
scie pendenti dalle spalle, davanti e di dietro, e incontrantisi sotto le ascelle, ove si congiungono con l'e. C'è chi pensa ad una specie di grembiale (cf. I Reg. 2, 28). Il bōten detto « del giudizio », perché « il sommo sacerdote di là traeva l'oracolo per decidere le questioni o cause di maggior momento o difficoltà » (Vaccari) era fatto, come …
2:34
… Davide gli affidò il comando dei Kerethei e dei Pelethei (II Sam. 8, 18). Alla morte di Davide cooperò all'esaltazione di Salomone (I Reg. 1, 38), che l'elesse capo dell'esercito in luogo di Ioab (I Reg. 2, 34-35). Fu lo strumento di diverse esecuzioni capitali al principio del regno di Salomone (I Reg. 2, 25, 34, 46).
2:39
… A. voleva condurre seco David ed i suoi uomini, nella campagna contro Israele che si concluse a Gelboe con la morte di Saul, ma gli altri capi, meno ingenui di lui, vi si opposero (I Sam. 27 e 29). Al tempo di Salomone, A. restituisce a Semei (v.) i suoi schiavi fuggiti (I Reg. 2, 39 sg.). …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.