More misories shal fal vpon Babylon (11. by the Medes) with destruction of her idoles.
1Thus saith the Lord: Behold I will raise up as it were a pestilential wind against Babylon and against the inhabitants thereof, who have lifted up their heart against me.Queste cose dice il Signore: Ecco, che io farò levarsi come un vento pestilenziale contro Babilonia, e contro i suoi abitatori, i quali hanno insolentito contro di me.THVS saith our Lord: Behold I wil raise vpon Babylon and vpon the inhabitants thereof, which haue lifted vp their hart against me, as it were a pestilent winde.Hæc dicit Dominus: / Ecce ego suscitabo super Babylonem et super habitatores ejus, / qui cor suum levaverunt contra me, / quasi ventum pestilentem: 2And I will send to Babylon fanners, and they shall fan her, and shall destroy her land: for they are come upon her on every side in the day of her affliction.E manderò a Babilonia dei battitori, e getteranno sua paglia al vento, e desoleranno la sua terra; perocché da tutte parti verran contro di lei nel giorno di sua afflizione.And I wil send vpon Babylon manners, and they shal fanne it, and shal destroy her land: because they are come vpon her on euerie side in the day of her affliction.et mittam in Babylonem ventilatores, / et ventilabunt eam et demolientur terram ejus, / quoniam venerunt super eam undique in die afflictionis ejus. 3Let not him that bendeth, bend his bow, and let not him go up that is armed with a coat of mail: spare not her young men, destroy all her army.Chi tende l'arco, nol tenda, e nissuno vada coperto di corazza. Non perdonate alla sua gioventù, uccidete tutte le sue milizie.Let not him that bendeth bend his bow, and let not him goe vp that is in a brigandin, spare not her young men, kil al her host.Non tendat qui tendit arcum suum, / et non ascendat loricatus: / nolite parcere juvenibus ejus; / interficite omnem militiam ejus. 4And the slain shall fall in the land of the Chaldeans, and the wounded in the regions thereof.E i morti cederanno nella terra de' Caldei, e i feriti nelle sue regioni.And the slaine shal fal in the land of the Chaldees, and the wounded in the countries thereof.Et cadent interfecti in terra Chaldæorum, / et vulnerati in regionibus ejus. 5For Israel and Juda have not been forsaken by their God the Lord of hosts: but their land hath been filled with sin against the Holy One of Israel.Perocché Israele, e Giuda non è rimaso senza il suo Dio, senza il Signor degli eserciti: ma la loro terra fu ripiena di delitti contro il Santo d'Israele.Because Israel and Iuda haue not bene left as a widow of their God the Lord of hostes: but their land hath bene replenished with sinne from the holie one of Israel.Quoniam non fuit viduatus Israël et Juda / a Deo suo, Domino exercituum, / terra autem eorum repleta est delicto / a Sancto Israël.
6Flee ye from the midst of Babylon, and let every one save his own life: be not silent upon her iniquity: for it is the time of revenge from the Lord, he will render unto her what she hath deserved.Fuggite di mezzo a Babilonia, e metta in salvo ciascuno la propria vita: non siate indolenti sopra le sue iniquità; perocchè viene il tempo della vendetta del Signore, ei le renderà il contraccambio:Flee ye out of the middes of Babylon, and let euerie one saue his owne life, hold not your peace vpon her iniquitie: because it is the time of reuenge from our Lord, he wil requite her the like.Fugite de medio Babylonis, / et salvet unusquisque animam suam: / nolite tacere super iniquitatem ejus, / quoniam tempus ultionis est a Domino: / vicissitudinem ipse retribuet ei. 7Babylon hath been a golden cup in the hand of the Lord, that made all the earth drunk: the nations have drunk of her wine, and therefore they have staggered.Babilonia nella man del Signore fu un calice d'oro da inebriare tutta la terra. Di quel suo vino tutte bevver le genti, e ne furono alterate.Babylon is a golden cuppe in the hand of our Lord, inebriating al the earth: of her wine haue the Nations drunke, and therefore they are in commotion.Calix aureus Babylon in manu Domini, / inebrians omnem terram: / de vino ejus biberunt gentes, / et ideo commotæ sunt. 8Babylon is suddenly fallen, and destroyed: howl for her, take balm for her pain, if so she may be healed.Babilonia è caduta repentinamente, e si è fracassata: gettate urla sopra di lei, prendete della resina pe' suoi dolori, se a sorte ella guarisse.Babylon is fallen sodenly, and is destroyed: howle ye vpon her, take resine for her sorow, if perhaps she may be healed.Subito cecidit Babylon, et contrita est. / Ululate super eam: / tollite resinam ad dolorem ejus, / si forte sanetur. 9We would have cured Babylon, but she is not healed: let us forsake her, and let us go every man to his own land: because her judgment hath reached even to the heavens, and is lifted up to the clouds.Abbiam medicata Babilonia, e non è guarita, abbandoniamla, e andiancene ognuno al suo paese; perocché i suoi delitti arrivarono fino al cielo, e si alzavan fino alle nuvole.We haue cured Babylon, and she is not healed: let vs forsake her, & let vs goe euerie man to his owne land: because her iudgement hath reached euen to the heauens, & is lifted vp vnto the clowdes.Curavimus Babylonem, et non est sanata: / derelinquamus eam, et eamus unusquisque in terram suam: / quoniam pervenit usque ad cælos judicium ejus, / et elevatum est usque ad nubes.
10The Lord hath brought forth our justices: Come, and let us declare in Sion the work of the Lord our God.Il Signore ha fatta apparire la nostra giustizia: venite, e annunziamo in Sion l'opera del Signore Dio nostro.Our Lord hath brought forth our iustices: come, and let vs tel in Sion the worke of the Lord our God.Protulit Dominus justitias nostras: / venite, et narremus in Sion opus Domini Dei nostri. 11Sharpen the arrows, fill the quivers, the Lord hath raised up the spirit of the kings of the Medes: and his mind is against Babylon to destroy it, because it is the vengeance of the Lord, the vengeance of his temple.Appuntate le vostre frecce, empite turcassi. Il Signore ha suscitato lo spirito dei re di Media, ed egli ha presa la sua risoluzione contro Babilonia per isterminarla; perchè dee essere vendicato il Signore, vendicato il suo tempio.Make sharpe the arrowes, fil the quiuers: our Lord hath raysed vp the spirite of the kinges of the Medes: and against Babylon his minde is to destroy it, because it is the reuenge of our Lord, the reuenge of his temple.Acuite sagittas, implete pharetras: / suscitavit Dominus spiritum regum Medorum: / et contra Babylonem mens ejus est ut perdat eam, / quoniam ultio Domini est, / ultio templi sui. 12Upon the walls of Babylon set up the standard, strengthen the watch: set up the watchmen, prepare the ambushes: for the Lord hath both purposed, and done all that he spoke against the inhabitants of Babylon.Sulle mura di Babilonia alzate lo stendardo, aumentate le guardie, ponete le ascolte, preparate stratagemmi; perocché il Signore ha risoluto, ed ha eseguito tutto quello, che egli predisse contro gli abitatori di Babilonia.Vpon the walles of Babylon lift vp the ensigne, increase the watch set vp watchemen, prepare embushments: because our Lord hath meant, and hath done what soeuer he spake against the inhabitants of Babylon.Super muros Babylonis levate signum, / augete custodiam, levate custodes, / præparate insidias: / quia cogitavit Dominus, / et fecit quæcumque locutus est contra habitatores Babylonis. 13O thou that dwellest upon many waters, rich in treasures, thy end is come for thy entire destruction.O tu, che siedi sopra le molte acque, ricca de' tuoi tesori, è venuto il tuo fine, il punto fisso del tuo eccidio.Thou that dwellest vpon manie waters, rich in treasures: thine end is come with in a foote of thy cutting of.Quæ habitas super aquas multas, / locuples in thesauris: / venit finis tuus, pedalis præcisionis tuæ. 14The Lord of hosts hath sworn by himself, saying: I will fill thee with men as with locusts, and they shall lift up a joyful shout against thee.Il Signore degli eserciti ha giurato per se medesimo: Io t'inonderò di turbe di uomini come le locuste, e sopra di te sarà cantata la canzone della, vendemmia.The Lord of hostes hath sworne by his soule: that I wil replenish thee with men as it were with the locust, and vpon thee shal the merie shoute be song.Juravit Dominus exercituum per animam suam: / Quoniam replebo te hominibus quasi brucho, / et super te celeuma cantabitur.
15He that made the earth by his power, that hath prepared the world by his wisdom, and stretched out the heavens by his understanding.Egli è che fece con sua possanza o la terra, e il mondo dispose colla sua sapienza, e colla intelligenza sua ordinò i cieli.He that made the earth in his strength, hath prepared the world in his wisedom, and with his prudence stretched out the heauens.Qui fecit terram in fortitudine sua, / præparavit orbem in sapientia sua, / et prudentia sua extendit cælos. 16When he uttereth his voice the waters are multiplied in heaven: he lifteth up the clouds from the ends of the earth, he hath turned lightning into rain: and hath brought forth the wind out of his treasures.A una sua voce si adunano le acque nel cielo; egli alza dalle estremità della terra le nuvole: scioglie i folgori in pioggia, e da' suoi tesori ne tragge il vento.He geuing a voice, the waters are multiplied in heauen: who lifteth vp the clowdes from the extreme part of the earth, lightenings he hath turned into rayne: and he hath brought forth the winde out of his treasures.Dante eo vocem, multiplicantur aquæ in cælo: / qui levat nubes ab extremo terræ, / fulgura in pluviam fecit, / et produxit ventum de thesauris suis. 17Every man is become foolish by his knowledge: every founder is confounded by his idol, for what he hath cast is a lie, and there is no breath in them.Stolto diventò l'uomo del suo sapere. La statua stessa confonde e ogni artefice: perchè cosa falsa è quella, che egli ha fatto, e spirito in lei non è.Euerie man is become a foole by knowlege: euerie mettal caster is confounded in his sculptil, because his casting is counterfet, neither is there spirite in them.Stultus factus est omnis homo a scientia; / confusus est omnis conflator in sculptili: / quia mendax est conflatio eorum, / nec est spiritus in eis. 18They are vain works, and worthy to be laughed at, in the time of their visitation they shall perish.Sono opere vane, e degne di riso: è al tempo della visita periran queste cose.They are vaine workes, and worthie to be laughed at, in the time of their visitation they shal perish.Vana sunt opera, et risu digna: / in tempore visitationis suæ peribunt. 19The portion of Jacob is not like them: for he that made all things he it is, and Israel is the sceptre of his inheritance: the Lord of hosts is his name.Non è come questi colui, che è la porzion di Giacobbe: imperocché egli è, che ha fatte tutte le cose, e Israele è il remo suo ereditario. Il suo nome egli è, Signor degli eserciti.The portion of Iacob is not as these thinges: because he that made al thinges he it is, and Israel is the scepter of his inheritance: the Lord of hostes is his name.Non sicut hæc, pars Jacob, / quia qui fecit omnia ipse est: / et Israël sceptrum hæreditatis ejus: / Dominus exercituum nomen ejus.
20Thou dashest together for me the weapons of war, and with thee I will dash nations together, and with thee I will destroy kingdoms:Tu se' stata per me il martello, che hai stritolate le armi, e gli armati, e per mezzo di te io conquasserò le genti, e desolerò i reami:Thou doest knocke together the vessels of warre for me, and I wil knock together in thee the Gentiles, and I wil destroy in thee kingdomes:Collidis tu mihi vasa belli: / et ego collidam in te gentes, / et disperdam in te regna: 21And with thee I will break in pieces the horse, and his rider, and with thee I will break in pieces the chariot, and him that getteth up into it:E per mezzo di te sperderò i cavalli, e i cavalieri, e per mezzo di te sperderò i cocchi, e que', che li guidano:And I wil breake in thee the horse, and his rider: and I wil knock together in thee the chariot, and the rider thereof.et collidam in te equum et equitem ejus: / et collidam in te currum et ascensorem ejus: 22And with thee I will break in pieces man and woman, and with thee I will break in pieces the old man and the child, and with thee I will break in pieces the young man and the virgin:E per mezzo di te sperderò uomini, e donne, e per te sperderò vecchj, e fanciulli, e sperderò per te giovani, e fanciulle:And I wil knocke together in thee man and woman, and I wil knocke together in thee the old man and the child, and I wil knock together in thee the young man and the virgin:et collidam in te virum et mulierem: / et collidam in te senem et puerum: / et collidam in te juvenem et virginem: 23And with thee I will break in pieces the shepherd and his flock, and with thee I will break in pieces the husbandman and his yoke of oxen, and with thee I will break in pieces captains and rulers.E per mezzo di te sperderò il pastore, e il suo gregge, e per te sperderò il bifolco, e i buoi, che van sotto il giogo; e per te sperderò i condottieri, e i magistrati.and I wil knocke together in thee the pastour and his flocke, and I wil knocke together in thee the husbandman and his draweing cattle, and I wil knocke together in thee dukes and magistrates.et collidam in te pastorem et gregem ejus: / et collidam in te agricolam et jugales ejus: / et collidam in te duces et magistratus:
24And I will render to Babylon, and to all the inhabitants of Chaldea all their evil, that they have done in Sion, before your eyes, saith the Lord.Ed io poi renderò sotto gli occhi vostri a Babilonia, e a tutti gli abitatori della Caldea tutto il male, che fecero contro Sionne, dice il Signore.And I wil render to Babylon, and to al the inhabitants of Chaldee al their euil, that they haue done in Sion, before your eyes, saith our Lord.et reddam Babyloni, et cunctis habitatoribus Chaldææ, / omne malum suum quod fecerunt in Sion, / in oculis vestris, ait Dominus. 25Behold I come against thee, thou destroying mountain, saith the Lord, which corruptest the whole earth: and I will stretch out my hand upon thee, and will roll thee down from the rocks, and will make thee a burnt mountain.Eccomi a te, o pestifero monte (dice il Signore), che infetti tutta quanta la terra: ed io stenderò la mano mia contro di te, e ti precipiterò dalle tue rupi, e farotti un monte di incendio.Behold I to thee thou pestiferous mountaine, saith our Lord, which corruptest the whole earth: and I wil streatch out my hand vpon thee, and wil roll thee out of the rockes, and wil geue thee to be a mountayne of burning.Ecce ego ad te, mons pestifer, ait Dominus, / qui corrumpis universam terram: / et extendam manum meam super te, / et evolvam te de petris, / et dabo te in montem combustionis: 26And they shall not take of thee a stone for the corner, nor a stone for foundations, but thou shalt be destroyed for ever, saith the Lord.Non si trarrà da te pietra da mettere all'angolo, né pietra da gettare ne' fondamenti: ma sarai distrutto in eterno, dice il Signore.And they shal not take of thee a stone for the corner, and a stone for foundations, but thou shalt be destroyed for euer, saith our Lord.et non tollent de te lapidem in angulum, / et lapidem in fundamenta: / sed perditus in æternum eris, ait Dominus. 27Set ye up a standard in the land: sound with the trumpet among the nations: prepare the nations against her: call together against her the kings of Ararat, Menni, and Ascenez: number Taphsar against her, bring the horse as the stinging locust.Alzate lo stendardo: suonate la tromba tralle nazioni: preparate alla guerra sacra contro di lei i popoli: convocate contro di lei i regi di Ararat, di Menni, e di Ascenez: numerate i soldati di Taphsar contro di lei: mettete in campo cavalli come un esercito di cavallette armate di pungiglioni.Lift ye vp an ensigne in the land: sound with the trumpet among the Gentiles: sanctifie the Gentiles vpon her: declare against her to the kinges of Ararat, Menni, and Ascenez: number Taphsar against her, bring the horse as the stinging locust.Levate signum in terra, / clangite buccina in gentibus, / sanctificate super eam gentes, / annuntiate contra illam regibus Ararat, Menni, et Ascenez: / numerate contra eam Taphsar, / adducite equum quasi bruchum aculeatum.
28Prepare the nations against her, the kings of Media, their captains, and all their rulers, and all the land of their dominion.Preparate alla guerra sacra contro di lei i regi di Media, e i suoi capitani, e tutti i suoi grandi, e tutte le provincie, che ad essi sono soggette.Sanctifie the Gentiles against her, the kings of Media, the dukes thereof, and al the Magistrates thereof, & al the land of his dominion.Sanctificate contra eam gentes, / reges Mediæ, duces ejus, et universos magistratus ejus, / cunctamque terram potestatis ejus. 29And the land shall be in a commotion, and shall be troubled: for the design of the Lord against Babylon shall awake, to make the land of Babylon desert and uninhabitable.E la terra sarà scommossa, e sconturbata; perchè tosto avrà effetto la risoluzion del Signore, da cui la terra di Babilonia sarà renduta deserta, e inabitabile.And the land shal be in a commotion, and shal be trubled: because the cogitation of our Lord shal awake against Babylon, to lay the Land of Babylon desert and inhabitable.Et commovebitur terra et conturbabitur, / quia evigilabit contra Babylonem cogitatio Domini, / ut ponat terram Babylonis desertam et inhabitabilem. 30The valiant men of Babylon have forborne to fight, they have dwelt in holds: their strength hath failed, and they are become as women: her dwelling places are burnt, her bars are broken.I forti di Babilonia han lasciata la pugna, se ne stanno ne' luoghi fortificati: il lor valore se n'è andato, son diventati come femmine: le loro tende sono state abbruciate, e i contrafforti delle porte sono spezzati.The valiants of Babylon haue ceased from battel, they haue dwelt in holdes: their strength is deuoured, and they are become as wemen: her tabernacles are burnt, her barres are broken.Cessaverunt fortes Babylonis a prælio; / habitaverunt in præsidiis: / devoratum est robur eorum, / et facti sunt quasi mulieres: / incensa sunt tabernacula ejus, / contriti sunt vectes ejus. 31One running post shall meet another, and messenger shall meet messenger: to tell the king of Babylon that his city is taken from one end to the other:Il corridore incontrerà il corridore, e il messaggiere s'imbatterà nel messaggiere: ei vanno a far sapere al re di Babilonia, che la città è presa da un'estremità all'altra:A runner shal come to meete the runner, and messenger to meete messenger: to tel the king of Babylon that his citie is taken from one end to the other:Currens obviam currenti veniet, / et nuntius obvius nuntianti, / ut annuntiet regi Babylonis / quia capta est civitas ejus a summo usque ad summum. 32And that the fords are taken, and the marshes are burnt with fire, and the men of war are affrighted.Che i passaggi sono occupati, e che è stato messo il fuoco ai canneti della palude, e tutti i guerrieri sono sbigottiti;and the fordes are taken before hand, and the fennes be burnt with fire, and the men of warre be trubled.Et vada præoccupata sunt, / et paludes incensæ sunt igni, / et viri bellatores conturbati sunt.
33For thus saith the Lord of hosts the God of Israel: The daughter of Babylon is like a thrashingfloor, this is the time of her thrashing: yet a little while, and the time of her harvest shall come.Imperocché queste cose dice il Signor degli eserciti, il Dio d'Israele: La figliuola di Babilonia è come un'aia, quest'è il tempo di sua battitura: ancora un po' di tempo, e la mietitura e di lei verrà.Because thus saith the Lord of hostes, the God of Israel: The daughter of Babylon is as a barne floore, the time of her threshing: yet a litle, and the time of her reaping shal come.Quia hæc dicit Dominus exercituum, Deus Israël: / Filia Babylonis quasi area, / tempus trituræ ejus: / adhuc modicum, et veniet tempus messionis ejus. 34Nabuchodonosor king of Babylon hath eaten me up, he hath devoured me: he hath made me as an empty vessel: he hath swallowed me up like a dragon, he hath filled his belly with my delicate meats, and he hath cast me out.Mi ha consunta, mi ha divorata Nabucodonosor re di Babilonia; mi ha ridotta come un vaso vuoto: egli, qual dragone mi ha assorbita: ha empiuto il suo ventre di tutto quello, che io aveva di meglio, e mi ha mandata in dispersione.Nabuchodosor the king of Babylon hath eaten me, he hath deuoured me: he hath made me as an emptie vessel: he hath swallowed me vp as a dragon, he hath filled his bellie with my tendernes, and hath cast me out.Comedit me, devoravit me Nabuchodonosor rex Babylonis: / reddidit me quasi vas inane, / absorbuit me quasi draco, / replevit ventrem suum teneritudine mea, et ejecit me. 35The wrong done to me, and my flesh be upon Babylon, saith the habitation of Sion: and my blood upon the inhabitants of Chaldea, saith Jerusalem.L'iniquità commessa contro di me, e il macello della mia carne sta sopra Babilonia, dice la figliuola di Sion, e il sangue mio sopra gli abitatori della Caldea, dice Gerusalemme.Iniquitie against me, and my flesh vpon Babylon, saith the habitation of Sion: and my bloud vpon the inhabitantes of Chaldee, saith Ierusalem.Iniquitas adversum me / et caro mea super Babylonem, / dicit habitatio Sion: / et sanguis meus super habitatores Chaldææ, dicit Jerusalem. 36Therefore thus saith the Lord: Behold I will judge thy cause, and will take vengeance for thee, and I will make her sea desolate, and will dry up her spring.Per questo così dice il Signore: Ecco, che io giudicherò la tua causa, e farò tue vendette, e asciugherò il mare di Babilonia, e seccherò le sue sorgenti.Therefore thus saith our Lord: Behold I wil iudge thy cause, and wil reuenge thy vengeance, and I wil make her sea desolate, and wil drie vp her vayne.Propterea hæc dicit Dominus: / Ecce ego judicabo causam tuam, / et ulciscar ultionem tuam: / et desertum faciam mare ejus, / et siccabo venam ejus.
37And Babylon shall be reduced to heaps, a dwelling place for dragons, an astonishment and a hissing, because there is no inhabitant.E Babilonia sarà una massa di rovine, abitazion di dragoni, oggetto di spavento, e di scherno, perchè non avrà abitatore.And Babylon shal be into heapes, the habitation of dragons, astonishment, and hissing, because there is not an inhabiter.Et erit Babylon in tumulos, / habitatio draconum, stupor et sibilus, / eo quod non sit habitator. 38They shall roar together like lions, they shall shake their manes like young lions.Ruggiranno insieme come lioni, e come giovani lioncelli scuoteranno i lor crini.They shal roare together as lions, they shal shake the manes as the whelpes of lions.Simul ut leones rugient; / excutient comas veluti catuli leonum. 39In their heat I will set them drink: and I will make them drunk, that they may slumber, and sleep an everlasting sleep, and awake no more, saith the Lord.Li farò riscaldale nelle lor gozzoviglie, e gl'inebrierò, affinchè si addormentino, e dormano un sonno sempiterno, e più non si alzino, dice il Signore.In their heate I wil set their drinke: and I wil make them drunke, that they may be drousie, and sleepe an euerlasting sleepe, & not arise, saith our Lord.In calore eorum ponam potus eorum, / et inebriabo eos ut sopiantur, / et dormiant somnum sempiternum, / et non consurgant, dicit Dominus. 40I will bring them down like lambs to the slaughter, and like rams with kids.Li condurrò come agnelli al macello, e come arieti coi capretti.I wil leade them as lambes to be a victime, and as rammes with kiddes.Deducam eos quasi agnos ad victimam, / et quasi arietes cum hædis. 41How is Sesach taken, and the renowned one of all the earth surprised? How is Babylon become an astonishment among the nations?Come mai è stata presa Sesach, e vinta la gloria di tutta la terra? Come mai Babilonia è diventata l'orrore di tutti i popoli?How is Sesach taken, and the noble one of al the earth apprehended? How is Babylon become an astonishment among the Gentiles?Quomodo capta est Sesach, / et comprehensa est inclyta universæ terræ ! / quomodo facta est in stuporem Babylon inter gentes ! 42The sea is come up over Babylon: she is covered with the multitude of the waves thereof.Un mare ha inondato Babilonia, e la massa de' suoi flutti la ha affogata.The sea is come vp ouer Babylon: she is couered with the multitude of the waues thereof.Ascendit super Babylonem mare: / multitudine fluctuum ejus operta est.
43Her cities are become an astonishment, a land uninhabited and desolate, a land wherein none can dwell, nor son of man pass through it.Le sue città son divenute spettacolo di terrore, terra inabitabile, e deserta, nella quale niuno possa abitare, né figliuolo nell'uomo passarvi.Her cities are become an astonishment: a land inhabitable and desolate, a land wherein none can dwel, nor sonne of man may passe by it.Factæ sunt civitates ejus in stuporem, / terra inhabitabilis et deserta, / terra in qua nullus habitet, / nec transeat per eam filius hominis. 44And I will visit against Bel in Babylon, and I will bring forth out of his mouth that which he had swallowed down: and the nations shall no more flow together to him, for the wall also of Babylon shall fall.E visiterò Bel in Babilonia, e farogli vomitare quel, che ha ingoiato, e non accorreranno più a lui i popoli; perocché anche le mura di Babilonia anderanno in rovina.And I wil visite vpon Bel in Babylon, and I wil cast out of his mouth that which he had swallowed: and the Gentiles shal no more runne together vnto him, for the wall also of Babylon shal fal.Et visitabo super Bel in Babylone, / et ejiciam quod absorbuerat de ore ejus: / et non confluent ad eum ultra gentes, / siquidem et murus Babylonis corruet. 45Go out of the midst of her, my people: that every man may save his life from the fierce wrath of the Lord.Uscite da lei, popol mio, affinchè ognuno salvar possa la propria vita dall'ira furibonda del Signore.Goe out of the middes of her my people: that euerie one may saue his life from the wrath of the furie of our Lord.Egredimini de medio ejus, populus meus, / ut salvet unusquisque animam suam ab ira furoris Domini, 46And lest your hearts faint, and ye fear for the rumour that shall be heard in the land: and a rumour shall come in one year, and after this year another rumour: and iniquity in the land, and ruler upon ruler.E badate, che il vostro cuore non si sbigottisca, e non vi faccian paura le nuove, che si sentiran pel paese; un anno verrà una nuova; e dopo quest'anno altra nuova; e la tirannide nel paese, e un dominatore dopo l'altro dominatore;And lest perhaps your hartes faint, and ye feare the bruite, that shal be heard in the land: and there shal come a bruite in the yeare, and after this yeare a bruite: and iniquitie in the land, and ruler vpon ruler.et ne forte mollescat cor vestrum, / et timeatis auditum qui audietur in terra: / et veniet in anno auditio, / et post hunc annum auditio, / et iniquitas in terra, / et dominator super dominatorem.
47Therefore behold the days come, and I will visit the idols of Babylon: and her whole land shall be confounded, and all her slain shall fall in the midst of her.Perocché allora verrà il tempo, in cui visiterò i simulacri di Babilonia, e tutta la sua terra sarà in confusione, e tutti i suoi (cittadini) cadranno uccisi in mezzo a lei.Therefore behold the daies come, and I wil visite vpon the sculptiles of Babylon: and al her land shal be confounded and al her slaine shal fal in the middes of her.Propterea ecce dies veniunt, / et visitabo super sculptilia Babylonis, / et omnis terra ejus confundetur, / et universi interfecti ejus cadent in medio ejus. 48And the heavens and the earth, and all things that are in them shall give praise for Babylon: for spoilers shall come to her from the north, saith the Lord.I cieli, e la terra, e quanto in essi contiensi, canteranno laude a cagione di Babilonia, perchè da settentrione verranno i suoi distruttori, dice il Signore.And the heauens and the earth shal prayse vpon Babylon, and al thinges that are in them: because spoylers shal come to her from the North, saith our Lord.Et laudabunt super Babylonem cæli et terra, / et omnia quæ in eis sunt: / quia ab aquilone venient ei prædones, ait Dominus. 49And as Babylon caused that there should fall slain in Israel: so of Babylon there shall fall slain in all the earth.E come Babilonia fece, che tanti cadesser uccisi in Israele, così molti de' Babilonesi cadranno uccisi per tutto il paese.And as Babylon caused that there should fal slaine in Israel: so of Babylon there shal fal slaine in the whole land.Et quomodo fecit Babylon, / ut caderent occisi in Israël, / sic de Babylone / cadent occisi in universa terra. 50You that have escaped the sword, come away, stand not still: remember the Lord afar off, and let Jerusalem come into your mind.Voi, che avete fuggita la spada, venite, non vi fermate: da lungi ricordatevi del Signore, e ritornivi in cuore Gerusalemme.You that haue escaped the sword, come, stand not: remember our Lord a farre of, and let Ierusalem ascend vpon your hart.Qui fugistis gladium, venite, / nolite stare: / recordamini procul Domini, / et Jerusalem ascendat super cor vestrum. 51We are confounded, because we have heard reproach: shame hath covered our faces: because strangers are come upon the sanctuaries of the house of the Lord.Noi siam confusi degli obbrobri, che abbiamo uditi: i nostri volti sono coperti d'ignominia; perocché gli stranieri entrarono nella casa santa del Signore.We are confounded, because we haue heard reproch: ignominie hath couered our faces: because strangers are come vpon the sanctification of the house of our Lord.Confusi sumus, quoniam audivimus opprobrium: / operuit ignominia facies nostras, / quia venerunt alieni super sanctificationem domus Domini.
52Therefore behold the days come, saith the Lord, and I will visit her graven things, and in all her land the wounded shall groan:Per questo ecco, che viene il tempo, dice il Signore, e farò mie vendette sopra i suoi simulacri: e muggiranno i feriti per tutto il suo territori.Therefore behold the daies come, saith our Lord: and I wil visite vpon her sculptiles, and in al her land the wounded shal roare.Propterea ecce dies veniunt, ait Dominus, / et visitabo super sculptilia ejus, / et in omni terra ejus mugiet vulneratus. 53If Babylon should mount up to heaven, and establish her strength on high: from me there should come spoilers upon her, saith the Lord.Se Babilonia s'innalzerà fino al cielo, e nell'alto fisserà sua possanza, da me saranno mandati i suoi distruttori, dice il Signore.If Babylon shal ascend vp into heauen, and stablish her strength on high: from me there shal come wasters of her, saith our Lord.Si ascenderit Babylon in cælum, / et firmaverit in excelso robur suum, / a me venient vastatores ejus, ait Dominus. 54The noise of a cry from Babylon, and great destruction from the land of the Chaldeans:Strida grandi da Babilonia, e fracasso grande dalla terra de' Caldei.A voice of crving from Babylon, and great destruction from the Land of the Chaldees:Vox clamoris de Babylone, / et contritio magna de terra Chaldæorum: 55Because the Lord hath laid Babylon waste, and destroyed out of her the great voice: and their wave shall roar like many waters: their voice hath made a noise:Perocché il Signore ha devastata Babilonia, ed ha fatte cessare in lei le voci superbe: sarà il romore di que' flutti simile ad una gran massa di acque: tal sarà il suono delle lor voci:because our Lord hath wasted Babylon and destroyed out of it the great voice: and their waues shal sound as manie waters: their voice hath geuen a sound.quoniam vastavit Dominus Babylonem, / et perdidit ex ea vocem magnam: / et sonabunt fluctus eorum quasi aquæ multæ; / dedit sonitum vox eorum: 56Because the spoiler is come upon her, that is, upon Babylon, and her valiant men are taken, and their bow is weakened, because the Lord, who is a strong revenger, will surely repay.Imperocché è venuto sopra di Babilonia il ladrone, e i suoi guerrieri sono stati sorpresi, e il loro arco è stato senza forza; perchè forte vendicatore è il Signore, che rende il contraccambio.Because the spoyler is come vpon her, that is, vpon Babylon, and her valiants are apprehended, and their bow is weakened: because the strong reuenger our Lord rendring wil repay.quia venit super eam, id est super Babylonem, prædo, / et apprehensi sunt fortes ejus, / et emarcuit arcus eorum, / quia fortis ultor Dominus reddens retribuet.
57And I will make her princes drunk, and her wise men, and her captains, and her rulers, and her valiant men: and they shall sleep an everlasting sleep, and shall awake no more, saith the king whose name is Lord of hosts.Ed io inebrierò i suoi principi, e i suoi sapienti, e i suoi capitani, e i suoi magistrati, e i suoi campioni; e dormiranno un sonno eterno, e non si risveglieranno, dice il Re, che ha nome il Signore degli eserciti.And I wil inebriate her princes, and her wise men, and her dukes, and her magistrates, and her valiants: and they shal sleepe an euerlasting sleepe, and shal not awake, saith the king, the Lord of hostes is his name.Et inebriabo principes ejus, et sapientes ejus, / et duces ejus, et magistratus ejus, et fortes ejus: / et dormient somnum sempiternum, / et non expergiscentur, ait Rex / (Dominus exercituum nomen ejus). 58Thus saith the Lord of hosts: That broad wall of Babylon shall be utterly broken down, and her high gates shall be burnt with fire, and the labours of the people shall come to nothing, and of the nations shall go to the fire, and shall perish.Queste cose dice il Signor degli eserciti: Quella muraglia larghissima di Babilonia sarà rovinata da sommo a imo, e le sue altissime porte saranno arse dalla fiamme, e le fatiche de' popoli, e delle nazioni saranno annichilate, e distrutte dal fuoco, e periranno.Thus saith the Lord of hostes: That most brode wal of Babylon by vndermyning shal be vndermined, and her high gates shal be burnt with fire, and the labours of the peoples shal come to nothing, and of the nations shal be into the fire, and shal perish.Hæc dicit Dominus exercituum: / Murus Babylonis ille latissimus suffossione suffodietur, / et portæ ejus excelsæ igni comburentur, / et labores populorum ad nihilum, / et gentium in ignem erunt, et disperibunt. 59The word that Jeremias the prophet commanded Saraias the son of Nerias, the son of Maasias, when he went with king Sedecias to Babylon, in the fourth year of his reign: now Saraias was chief over the prophecy.Comandamento dato da Geremia profeta a Saraia figliuolo di Neria, figliuolo di Maasia, quando andava con Sedecia re a Babilonia l'anno quarto del regno di lui. Or Saraia era capo dell'imbasciata.The word that Ieremie the prophete commanded Saraias the sonne of Nerias, the sonne of Maasias, when he went with Sedecias the king into Babylon, in the fourth yeare of his kingdome: and Saraias was the prince of prophecie.Verbum quod præcepit Jeremias propheta Saraiæ filio Neriæ filii Maasiæ, cum pergeret cum Sedecia rege in Babylonem, in anno quarto regni ejus: Saraias autem erat princeps prophetiæ. 60And Jeremias wrote in one book all the evil that was to come upon Babylon: all these words that are written against Babylon.Descrisse Geremia tutte le sciagure, che dovean cadere sopra Babilonia in un libro, e tutte queste parole, che sono scritte contro Babilonia.And Ieremie wrote al the euil, that was to come vpon Babylon in one booke: al these wordes, that are written against Babylon.Et scripsit Jeremias omne malum quod venturum erat super Babylonem, in libro uno: omnia verba hæc quæ scripta sunt contra Babylonem.
61And Jeremias said to Saraias: When thou shalt come into Babylon, and shalt see, and shalt read all these words,E Geremia disse a Saraia: Quando tu sarai arrivato a Babilonia, e avrai vedute, e lette tutte queste parole,And Ieremie said to Saraias: When thou shalt come into Babylon, and shalt see, and shalt reade al these wordes,Et dixit Jeremias ad Saraiam: Cum veneris in Babylonem, et videris, et legeris omnia verba hæc, 62Thou shalt say: O Lord, thou hast spoken against this place to destroy it: so that there should be neither man nor beast to dwell therein, and that it should be desolate for ever.Dirai: Tu, Signore, hai minacciato di distruggere questo luogo a segno, che non ci rimanga chi lo abiti né uomo, né bestia, e sia qui solitudine eterna.thou shalt say: Lord thou hast spoken against this place to destroy it: that there be none to inhabite it from man euen vnto beast, and that it be a perpetual wildernesse.dices: Domine, tu locutus es contra locum istum, ut disperderes eum, ne sit qui in eo habitet, ab homine usque ad pecus, et ut sit perpetua solitudo. 63And when thou shalt have made an end of reading this book, thou shalt tie a stone to it, and shalt throw it into the midst of the Euphrates:E quando avrai finito di leggere questo libro, lo legherai a una pietra, e lo getterai in mezzo all'Eufrate:And when thou shalt haue finished reading this booke, thou shalt tye a stone to it, and shalt throw it into the middes of Euphrates:Cumque compleveris legere librum istum, ligabis ad eum lapidem, et projicies illum in medium Euphraten, 64And thou shalt say: Thus shall Babylon sink, and she shall not rise up from the affliction that I will bring upon her, and she shall be utterly destroyed. Thus far are the words of Jeremias.E dirai: In tal guisa sarà sommersa Babilonia, e non risorgerà dall'eccidio, che io mando sopra di lei, e verrà meno. Fin qui le parole di Geremia.and thou shalt say: So shal Babylon be drowned, & she shal not rise vp from the face of the affliction, that I wil bring vpon her, and she shal be dissolued. Hitherto the wordes of Ieremie.et dices: Sic submergetur Babylon, et non consurget a facie afflictionis quam ego adduco super eam, et dissolvetur. Hucusque verba Jeremiæ.
51:1
Year of the World 3409.
Haydock
Thereof. Hebrew leb kamai, "of the heart, rising up against me." (Haydock)
Calmet
Many take Leb-kamai to be the enigmatical name of the Chaldeans, by a secret combination of letters, (Kimchi; Grotius) as if they were not clearly designated in the sequel. (Calmet)
Worthington
The prophet expresses more pointedly what he had declared in the preceding chapter. (Worthington)
51:2
Haydock
Fan her. After the corn was trodden out, it was heaved into the wind. This custom would insinuate the distress and captivity of the Chaldeans. Septuagint, "I will send....scoffers, and they shall treat her with scorn, kathubriousin. (Haydock)
They have read (Calmet) zedim for zarim.
51:3
Haydock
Mail. There will be little or no resistance made, Jeremias 50:3. (Haydock)
Calmet
The Persians denounce destruction to all taken in arms; or, according to Septuagint and Syriac they exhort each other to fight. (Calmet)
Haydock
"Let him," etc. (Haydock)
Calmet
Hebrew of the Masorets, "you who bend....spare not." (Calmet)
Haydock
Protestants, "against him that bendeth let the archer bend his bow," etc. (Haydock)
Kennicott
Hebrew is printed ne tendat tendat tendans. The second word is properly omitted in some manuscripts. Thus (1 Chronicles 24:6.) we read taken taken, achuz having been put erroneously for achad, one. (Kennicott)
51:5
Haydock
Forsaken, as a widow, viduatus. (Haydock)
God still considers the nation as his spouse.
Theodoret
Their land. That of the Chaldeans, (Calmet) or of the Jews. (Theodoret)
Sin, or punishment.
51:6
Haydock
Silent. Jews proclaim that Babylon is justly punished, (Calmet) lest you partake in her crimes, Apocalypse 18:4. Protestants, "be not cut off in her," etc. (Haydock)
51:7
Cup. She has exercised the vengeance of the Lord on Juda, Egypt, etc.
51:8
Suddenly. She has not lost many battles; but is fallen at once from being the greatest city of the East.
51:9
We. The guardian angels, or Jews reply. Miracles are lost on her.
Heavens. Her crimes call for punishment, Genesis 18:21., and Jonas 1:2.
51:10
Justices. We had not injured the Chaldeans, though we had offended God.
51:11
Sharpen. He addresses ironically the citizens of Babylon.
Calmet
Medes. Thus the subjects of the Persian monarchs are commonly styled. (Calmet)
51:12
Haydock
Standard. Call together thy subjects and allies. (Haydock)
Menochius
This must be explained of Babylon. (Menochius)
Haydock
Yet all will be in vain, ver. 11. (Haydock)
Homer
Ambushes. Herein the valour and genius of heroes was most displayed, Josue 8:2. (Homer)
51:13
Calmet
Entire, being cut up by the roots, pedalis, (Lyranus) or according to the measure of thy crimes. (Delrio) (Calmet)
Haydock
Septuagint, "thy end is truly come into thy bowels." (Haydock)
51:14
Himself. Septuagint, "his hand" lifted up, or by his power.
51:16
Calmet
Rain. Thunder and lightning are usually followed by showers. (Calmet)
51:17
Every man, etc. That is, every maker of idols, however he boasts of his knowledge and skill, does but shew himself a fool in pretending to make a god. (Challoner) (Wisdom 14:18.)
Calmet
By his, or "by default of knowledge;" (a scientia. Haydock) as the Hebrew may also mean. The Babylonians were so confounded, they knew not what to do. (Calmet)
Haydock
Protestants, "Every man is brutish by his knowledge." Marginal note, or "is more brutish than to know," Jeremias 10:14. (Haydock)
51:20
Thou, Cyrus, (Grotius) or more commonly the Chaldeans are understood.
51:25
Mountain. So Babylon is styled in derision. See Jeremias 21:13., and Isaias 1:10., and 20:6., and 22:1. The city stood on a plain. Some think that its palace and walls are designated.
Burnt; unfruitful. This happened long after Cyrus, though it then ceased to be the capital, and became only a shadow of its former greatness.
51:26
Strabo xv
Corner. No king or conqueror shall spring thence. Alexander [the Great] thought of making it the seat of his empire, but was prevented by death. (Strabo xv.)
51:27
Haydock
Prepare. Literally, "sanctify." (Haydock)
Worthington
Call together all nations to fight against Babylon. (Worthington)
Many religious ceremonies were used.
Ararat, where the ark rested, (Genesis 8:4.) near the Araxes, (St. Jerome, in Isaias xxxvii.) or in the Gordyean mountains, in Armenia, where the Menni dwelt.
Pliny
Ascenez, or Ascantes, (Calmet) near the Tanais. (Pliny, [Natural History?] 6:7.)
Taphsar, "the prince," Nahum 3:17. (Pagnin) "Warriors." (Chaldean) "Machines" (Septuagint)
Calmet
Caterpillar, or "locust," (bruchum. Haydock) which resembles more a body of cavalry. (Calmet)
Haydock
Septuagint, "Push forward the cavalry against her, as a multitude of locusts." (Haydock)
51:28
Haydock
Prepare; "sanctify." (Haydock)
Media. Cyrus, ver. 11.
Calmet
Captains: generals. (Calmet)
Haydock
Rulers. Literally, "magistrates." (Haydock)
Haydock
Hebrew Seganim, a title used once by Isaias, and frequently by those who wrote after the Assyrians (Calmet) commenced their invasion. (Haydock)
51:30
Calmet
Bars, fastening the gates. (Calmet)
Haydock
Those who entered by the channel of the river, would seize the gates to let their companions enter. (Haydock)
51:31
Haydock
King, feasting in his palace, (Herodotus 1:191.) or at Borsippe. (Berosus) He sent to make inquiries, (Calmet) or his subjects hastened to convey the doleful tidings, and thus met each other. (Haydock)
51:32
Fords. Thus the enemy entered.
Marches. Hebrew, "sedges," which grew to the size of trees, and were burnt when the waters of the river and lakes were drained. Herodotus (I. 185, 178.) specifies a lake four hundred and twenty stadia square, and says the ditches round the city were full of water.
51:33
Threshing, performed by oxen treading, and by rollers, etc., Judges 8:16., and 2 Kings 12:31.
Little; about fifty-six years.
51:34
Calmet
Dragon, or huge fish, which swallows without chewing. Sion is here venting her complaint, Psalm 136:8. (Calmet)
Worthington
She shews that Babylon is justly punished for her cruelty towards God's people. (Worthington)
51:36
Spring; commerce, the source of her riches; or rather the waters shall be brought out of their usual channels. For many ages (Calmet) the Euphrates has been lost in sands, and reaches not the Persian Gulf. (Pliny, [Natural History?] 7:27.) (Cellar. 3:16.)
51:37
Dragons. This has been the case for above sixteen centuries, Jeremias 50:31., and Isaias 13:21.
51:38
Xenophon vii
Roar. They shall retain their haughty air and threaten others, when they themselves shall fall (Calmet) in the midst of their feasting, Daniel 5:30. (Xenophon vii.)
51:41
Sesach, the city which worshipped the moon, (chap. 25:26.) Bel, (chap. 50:2.) etc.
51:42
Calmet
Sea: numerous armies of Cyrus, or the waters of the Euphrates let loose. (Calmet)
Strabo xv
In the days of Alexander [the Great], many tombs of the kings were inundated. (Strabo xv.)
51:44
Down. His priests pretended that he eat, (Daniel 14:11.) and a woman of their choice slept in the most retired part of the temple. (Herodotus 1:181.)
Calmet
The prophet derides this notion. The idol, or rather his votaries, (Haydock) shall be forced to let go the Israelites. (Calmet)
Haydock
Fall, by means of Cyrus and of Darius, Jeremias 50:3. (Haydock)
51:46
Faint. You may apprehend that your miseries will increase in the midst of such confusion; but no, Baltassar, the last of your oppressor's race, shall be assassinated by Neriglissor, who will be succeeded by Laborosoarchod and Nabonides. This last shall yield to Cyrus, who will grant you liberty. Baltassar reigned two years, Neriglissor four, his ill-tempered infant son nine months, when his followers murdered him, and gave the crown to a Babylonian called Nabonides, who kept it seventeen years, till Cyrus took him prisoner. This we learn from Berosus, quoted by Josephus, contra Apion 1:On the other hand Daniel makes Darius, the Mede, succeed Baltassar, and after him Cyrus reigned. To these changes and continual alarms the prophet alludes.
51:47
Idols; Bel, etc., ver. 41.
Calmet
Slain. Hebrew, "dancers." The people were feasting. (Calmet)
It means also "slain," (Protestants) or "soldiers."
51:48
Haydock
Praise, for the just punishment. (Haydock)
Calmet
The crimes were public. (Calmet)
51:50
Calmet
Mind. Offer sacrifices of thanks on Sion, (Haydock) both Jews and other nations. (Calmet)
51:51
Menochius
We. The Jews answer: we are ashamed when we think of these places. (Menochius)
51:53
High. Her fortifications and ditches will prove fruitless, Jeremias 48:7, 18.
51:55
Great voice, or boasting and songs of joy, usual at public meetings.
Noise. They groan under affliction.
51:57
Drunk, with the wine of fury, ver. 39., and Jeremias 25:26.
51:58
Calmet
Broad wall. The pagan historians agree not in the dimensions, but allow it was excessively broad and lofty. (Calmet)
Calmet
Six chariots might go abreast. It was 360 stadia long, (Ctesias); or 480 (Herodotus 1:178.) that is above 23 leagues, allowing 2,500 paces for each. This author says the breadth was fifty cubits of the king, three inches larger than the common one, or about twenty-one inches. Pliny ([Natural History?] 6:26.) improperly applies this to Roman feet, and says the walls were two hundred feet high; while Herodotus assigns so many cubits. (Calmet)
Curt. v
There were three different walls. (Curt. v.)
Berosus
Cyrus demolished the outer one. (Berosus)
What remained, (Calmet) with the hundred brazen gates, Darius treated in like manner. (Herodotus 1:179., and 3:159.)
Calmet
Thus was the prediction fulfilled, and the works of so many captive nations brought to nothing. It is asserted that 200,000 (Calmet) daily finished a stadium, (Curt. v.) or 125 paces. (Calmet)
51:59
Haydock
With. Hebrew also, (Calmet) "on behalf of." (Protestant marginal note) (Haydock)
It is no where else asserted that Sedecias went in person, and Septuagint, Chaldean, etc., explain it in this manner. Baruch accompanied his brother Saraias, and probably took the letter, Baruch 1:2. Saraias went to petition for the sacred vessels.
Prophecy, or of the embassy to speak (Calmet) in the king's name. Hebrew menucha, was a caution of Benjamin. It means, "rest;" whence some have inferred that he was chamberlain, (Canticle of Canticles 3:8.) or a favourite. Most translate, "chief of the presents," Septuagint and Chaldean, as if they they had read mincha, which he carried as a tribute to Babylon. Jeremias gave him charge of the parcel, perhaps before Baruch had determined to go.
51:64
Sink. The angel did the like; (Apocalypse 18:21.; Calmet) and the Phoceans, leaving their country, swore that they would return no more till a piece of red hot iron, which they threw into the sea, should swim. (Herodotus 1:165.)
Calmet
Thus, etc., was added by the compiler. Septuagint omit the sentence, as what relates to Babylon is placed [in] Jeremias 28. in their copies. (Calmet)
Haydock
Yet Grabe puts it in a different character. (Haydock)
Calmet
Jeremias wrote a great deal, after the 4th year of Sedecias, ver. 59. (Calmet)
Worthington
He here finished his predictions against Babylon. (Worthington)
Haydock
This does not mean that he did not write the next chapter, (Menochius) as Cappel allows, (Houbigant) though this may still be doubted. (Haydock)
51:1
In al this chapter the prophet amplifieth the same he writte in the chapter precedent of the vtter destruction of Babylon.
51:3
a coate of male.
51:6
Concordanza 2. Cor. 6.
51:8
51:14
Concordanza Amos. 6.
51:27
Cal together al nations by publique proclamation to fight against Babylon.
51:34
Sion in behalfe of al the Iewes, sheweth that the Chaldees are iustly plaged, for their crueltie against Gods people.
51:59
This Saraias was a principal Leuite, to whom it perteyned to read and publish the wordes and writinges of prophetes.
51:64
Thus much Ieremie prophecied against Babylon.
51:6
san Girolamo † 420 d.C. The Letters of St. Jerome 46.12
… “Come out of her, my people,” so the Lord says, “that ye be not partakers of her sins, and that ye receive not of her plagues.” Turn back also to Jeremiah and pay heed to what he has written of like import: “Flee out of the midst of Babylon, and deliver every man his soul.”
san Girolamo † 420 d.C. The Letters of St. Jerome 108.32
… Like Abraham your mother heard the words: “get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, unto a land that I will shew thee;” and not only that but the Lord’s command given through Jeremiah: “flee out of the midst of Babylon, and deliver every man his soul.”
san Girolamo † 420 d.C. Against Jovinianus 2.10
… Idol temples had fallen before the standard of the Cross and the severity of the Gospel: now on the contrary lust and gluttony endeavour to overthrow the solid structure of the Cross. And so God says by Isaiah, “O my people, they which bless you cause you to err, and trouble the paths of your feet.” Also by Jeremiah,
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. The Confessions 2.3
… And that I might cleave the more tena ciously to its very centre, my invisible enemy trod me down, and seduced me, I being easily seduced. Nor did the mother of my flesh, although she herself had ere this fled “out of the midst of Babylon,”
51:7
Afraate † 346 d.C. Aphrahat: Select Demonstrations 5.11
… And Daniel said to Nebuchadnezzar:— Thou art the head of gold . And why was he called the head of gold? Was it not because the word of Jeremiah was fulfilled in him? For Jeremiah said:— Babylon is a golden cup in the hand of the Lord, that makes all the earth to drink of its wine .
51:8
Giovanni Cassiano † 435 d.C. The Conferences of John Cassian 7.31
… or at any rate the prophet in the person of the Apostles and spiritual men and doctors who see the hardness of their soul, and their impenitent heart: “We have healed Babylon: but she is not cured. Let us forsake her, and let us go every man to his own land because her judgment hath reached even to the heavens, and is lifted up to the clouds.”
51:9
papa san Gregorio I Magno † 604 d.C. The Book of Pastoral Rule 3.13
… v. 3 ). Hence it is that the Lord says, I have slain and destroyed this people, and yet they have not returned from their ways ( Isai. ix. 13 ). Hence He says again, The people hath not returned to Him that smiteth them ( Jer. xv. 6 ). Hence the prophet complains by the voice of the scourgers, saying, We have taken care for Babylon, and she is not healed (
51:15
Tertulliano † 220 d.C. Against Hermogenes 45
… For this is proved by Jeremiah when he says, “God hath made the earth by His power, He hath established the world by His wisdom, and hath stretched out the heaven by His understanding.”
san Tascio Cecilio Cipriano † 258 d.C. Three Books of Testimonies Against the Jews 3.60
… “The dragon hath fallen or is dissolved; their carved works have become as beasts and cattle. Labouring and hungry, and without strength, ye shall bear them bound upon your neck as a heavy burden.” And again: “Gathered together, they shall not be able to be saved from war; but they themselves have been led captive with thee.”
51:16
san Tascio Cecilio Cipriano † 258 d.C. Three Books of Testimonies Against the Jews 3.60
… and He hath brought forth the winds from His treasures. Every man is made foolish by his knowledge, every artificer is confounded by his graven images; because he hath molten a falsehood: there is no breath in them. The works shut up in them are made vain; in the time of their consideration they shall perish.”
51:25
sant'Ambrogio † 397 d.C. Exposition of the Christian Faith 3.14
118. We behold that height, lifting up itself against the knowledge of God, cast down by the word of the Lord, when the Son of God said: “Hold thy peace, and come forth, thou foul spirit.” Concerning whom the prophet also said: “Behold, I am come to thee, thou mount of corruption!”
51:26
san Girolamo † 420 d.C. Jerome's Apology for Himself Against the Books of Rufinus 2.7
… for I am he of whom it is written, “Our God is a consuming fire;” it is no great thing then to say this of the devil, since it is prepared also for men.” You ought rather to have said, if you wished to avoid the suspicion of believing in the salvation of the devil;
51:34
san Gregorio Nazianzeno † 389 d.C. Select Orations of Saint Gregory Nazianzen 42.3
… but, as is plain, we were delivered up on account of our other sins, and because our conduct had been unworthy of Thy commandments, and we had walked after our own evil mind. For what other reason can there be for our being delivered up to the most unrighteous and wicked men of all the dwellers upon the earth? First Nebuchadnezzar afflicted us,
51:64
Afraate † 346 d.C. Aphrahat: Select Demonstrations 21.6
… And she took the harp, and played it sweetly, and multiplied her music. And also the region of Elam is inhabited and opulent. And with regard to Babylon Jeremiah said:— Babylon shall fall, and shall not rise .
51:1
1. Suscitabo super Babylonem ventum pestilentem (vel «ventilatores,» vers. 2, puta Cyrum et Persas) et super habitatores ejus, qui cor suum levaverunt contra me, — puta contra populum meum, scilicet Judæos affligendo et captivando. Quasi ventum pestilentem, — q. d. Suscitabo hostes, scilicet Persas et Medos, qui Babyloniis quasi ventus pestilens pestem, id est mortem, afflent, eosque qui in Babylone rerum domina, sese invictos, securos, immobiles et inviolabiles putabant, ventilent et dispergant, ut sequitur: Chaldæos enim versu seq. comparat areæ quæ a vento ventilatur. Ita Theodoretus. Unde Septuaginta vertunt: Suscitabo super Chaldæos ventum urentem corrumpentem. Secundo, to ventum pestilentem potest referri ad id quod proxime præcedit, «qui cor suum levaverunt contra me.» Hoc ergo superborum cor vocat «ventum pestilentem,» tum quia coram Deo putet et fœtet instar venti et halitus pestilentis, quem v. g. Ætna vel Avernus eructat; tum quia omnes virtutes omniaque bona adurit, siccat et perdit, uti ventus pestilens afflat et perdit omnia germina, q. d. Ventosis et superbis Chaldæis suscitabo ventilatores Persas, qui eos ventilent; fastum eorum fastu Persarum, vires et animos Balsasaris viribus et animis majoribus Cyri con- tundam. Unde Septuaginta vertunt: ἐξαποστελῶ ἐπὶ Βαβυλῶνα ὑβριστάς, καὶ καθυβρίσουσιν αὐτήν: mittam in Babylonem contumeliosos, et contumelia afficient eam, vel injurios, et injuria afficient eam. Ita Delric, adagio 874.
51:3
3. Non tendat qui tendit arcum suum, — q. d. Nemo conetur Babylonem arcu suo et armis defendere, quia certo exitio a Deo destinata est, et Persæ omnem defensionem prohibebunt. Ita Hugo et Lyranus. Secundo, Maldonatus et Sanchez explicant, q. d. Non erit opus in expugnanda Babylone, ut sagittarius arcum intendat, aut loricatus cominus cum hoste digladietur: ego enim Chaldæos epulis et mero soporabo, itaque quasi manus eorum ac pedes ligabo, ut neque sagittarii arcum tendere, neque loricati fugere aut movere se possint. Trucidate ergo eos intrepide et animose, nec parcatis illis. Aliis punctis hæc legunt Vatablus et Pagninus, scilicet pro אל al, id est non, legunt el, id est ad; unde vertunt: Ad eum qui tendit arcum, et loricatum (id est ad milites Cyri), dicit Dominus: Ne parcatis juvenibus ejus. Sed hi multa subaudiunt et supplent. Primus ergo sensus planior, secundus planissimus est.
51:5
5. Non fuit viduatus Israel, — q. d. Israel non est quasi vidua derelicta; sed sponsus ejus, scilicet Deus, adhuc vivit, ejusque quasi uxoris curam gerit; ergo liberabit et vindicabit eum, exscindendo Babylonem. 49. Et quomodo fecit Babylon ut caderent occisi in Israel: sic de Babylone cadent occisi in universa terra. 50. Qui fugistis gladium, venite, nolite stare: recordamini procul Domini, et Jerusalem ascendat super cor vestrum. 51. Confusi sumus, quoniam audivimus opprobrium: operuit ignominia facies nostras: quia venerunt alieni super sanctificationem domus Domini. 52. Propterea ecce dies veniunt, ait Dominus: et visitabo super sculptilia ejus, et in omni terra ejus mugiet vulneratus. 53. Si ascenderit Babylon in cœlum, et firmaverit in excelso robur suum: a me venient vastatores ejus, ait Dominus. 54. Vox clamoris de Babylone, et contritio magna de terra Chaldæorum: 55. quoniam vastavit Dominus Babylonem, et perdidit ex ea vocem magnam: et sonabunt fluctus eorum quasi aquæ multæ: dedit sonitum vox eorum. 56. Quia venit super eam, id est super Babylonem, prædo, et apprehensi sunt fortes ejus, et emarcuit arcus eorum, quia fortis ultor Dominus reddens retribuet. 57. Et inebriabo principes ejus, et sapientes ejus, et duces ejus, et magistratus ejus, et fortes ejus: et dormient somnum sempiternum, et non expergiscentur, ait rex, Dominus exercituum nomen ejus. 58. Hæc dicit Dominus exercituum: Murus Babylonis ille latissimus suffossione suffodietur, et portæ ejus excelsæ igni comburentur, et labores populorum ad nihilum, et gentium in ignem erunt, et disperibunt. 59. Verbum, quod præcepit Jeremias propheta, Saraiæ filio Neriæ filii Maasiæ, cum pergeret cum Sedecia rege in Babylonem, in anno quarto regni ejus: Saraias autem erat princeps prophetiæ. 60. Et scripsit Jeremias omne malum, quod venturum erat super Babylonem, in libro uno: omnia verba hæc, quæ scripta sunt contra Babylonem. 61. Et dixit Jeremias ad Saraiam: Cum veneris in Babylonem, et videris, et legeris omnia verba hæc, 62. dices: Domine, tu locutus es contra locum istum ut disperderes eum: ne sit qui in eo habitet ab homine usque ad pecus, et ut sit perpetua solitudo. 63. Cumque compleveris legere librum istum, ligabis ad eum lapidem, et projicies illum in medium Euphraten: 64. et dices: Sic submergetur Babylon, et non consurget a facie afflictionis, quam ego adduco super eam, et dissolvetur. Hucusque verba Jeremiæ. cet Deus, adhuc vivit, ejusque quasi uxoris curam gerit; ergo liberabit et vindicabit eum, exscindendo Babylonem. Terra autem eorum (Israelis et Judæ) repleta est delicto a Sancto Israel, — id est propter Sanctum Israel, puta propter Deum ab eis offensum, q. d. Ideo tradita fuit Chaldæis Judæa, quia Deum offendit. Ita Theodoretus et Hugo. Secundo et melius: «Terra eorum,» scilicet Chaldæorum, «repleta est delicto,» ideoque punienda «a Sancto Israel,» id est propter Sanctum Israel a Chaldæis offensum, dum ejus populum, scilicet Israel Dei cultui addictum et sanctificatum, tot injuriis in captivitate afflixerunt; dum enim populum Dei indigne tractarunt, ipsi Deo injuriam irrogarunt. Ita Hugo, Lyranus, Vatablus. Et favent Septuaginta ac Maldonatus: «Delicto, inquit, a Sancto Israel,» id est contra Sanctum Israel, commisso. Tertio, a Castro: «Delicto,» inquit, id est pœna delicti et vastitate, «repleta est» Chaldæa, «a Sancto Israel,» id est a Deo.
51:6
6. Fugite (tum Judæi, tum potius gentes quæcumque, de medio Babylonis, — mox exscindendæ, ne cum ea pereatis, uti verisimile est a Persis noctu Babylonem invadentibus, non tantum Chaldæos, sed et Judæos aliosque ex qualibet gente eis occurrentes, promiscue esse occisos. Nolite tacere super iniquitatem ejus, — Babylonis; sed increpate eam, o Prophetæ! ne se putet injuste puniri. Ita Rabanus et Hugo. Secundo, Maldonatus et Sanchez putant esse apostrophen Prophetæ ad hostes, q. d. «Nolite, o Persæ! facere,» id est dissimulare, cessare et parcere Chaldæis. Tertio et melius, ex Hebræo sic explices, q. d. Fugite e Babylone in alias urbes et loca, o Judæi et quivis alii, præsertim advenæ! ne taceatis, id est ne quiescatis in iniquitate ejus, ut discatis et imbibatis ejus pravos mores, et cum ea evertamini. Hæc enim præmonuit Jeremias diu ante obsidionem Babylonis, quæ et ipsa sat diu duravit; atque ad imbibendum pravos alicujus mores, sufficit cum eo pauci temporis conversatio; facile enim malum, difficile bonum discitur. Rursum ne taceatis «in iniquitate,» id est in pœna iniquitatis ejus, quæ ei imminet. Unde sequitur: «Quoniam tempus ultionis est,» q. d. Fugite ex urbe, ne ejus clades vos involvat. Alii: Ne taceatis, id est ne esse desinatis, et occidamini propter iniquitatem ejus. Unde Septuaginta, Chaldæus, Vatablus et alii vertunt: Ne disperdamini, vel exscindamini in iniquitate ejus. Sic Lot dicitur: «In monte salvum te fac,» Genes. cap. xix, 15. Tropologice S. Bernardus, serm. 50 De Convers. ad clericos: «Quidni periclitetur castitas in deliciis, humilitas in divitiis, pietas in negotiis, veritas in multiloquio, charitas in hoc sæculo nequam? Fugite de medio Babylonis, fugite et salvate animas vestras, convolate ad urbes refugii, ubi possitis et de præteritis agere pœnitentiam, et in præsenti obtinere gratiam, et futuram gloriam fiducialiter præstolari.»
51:7
7. Calix. — Putat Hieronymus Prado in Ezech. V xxvii, 31, hic alludi ad calicem damnatorum, qui ex vino generoso et delicato dabatur damnatis ad mortem in loco supplicii, ut animosius tolerarent cruciatus, et mortis supremum agonem, q. d. Babylonii propinarunt aliis gentibus calicem damnatorum, id est eas ad mortem damnarunt et morte affecerunt. Verum calix hic Jeremiæ torquebat et cruciabat bibentes; erat ergo plenus felle, non vino. Est ergo alius sensus simplicior et magis genuinus, nimirum hic: «calix aureus,» id est vinum aut potius fel calice contentum aurescens, id est flavescens ut aurum, Prov. xxiii, 31, «est Babylon,» hoc est, pœnas acres et felleas Deus per Babylonios propinavit et inflixit aliis gentibus, inquiunt Vatablus et Pagninus. Tertio et simplicissime, Theodoretus, Chaldæus, Origenes et Rabanus, q. d. Babylon fuit calix aureus, id est regnum dives, splendidum; unde Daniel. ii, 32, vocatur «caput aureum.» Hic calix plenus est felle et absinthio, id est continet calamitates, strages et excidia; dicitur esse in manu Domini, quia Dominus ejus crudelitate ac tyrannide uti voluit, et per eam flagellavit et percussit gentes. Clarius id significat versio Syriaca: Calix auri (aureus) Babylon in manu Domini, de cujus vino inebriat (Dominus) universam terram. Dominus ergo hunc calicem aliis gentibus propinat, ut ex eo inebrientur, id est impleantur ejus invasione et stragibus pene ad insaniam: itaque propinatrix calamitatum omnibus fuit Babylon. Fuit ergo ipsa quasi calix iræ Dei, sed aureus ob splendorem et gloriam imperii: per hæc enim Deus infligebat supplicium iis omnibus, quos plectere volebat. Perinde fere esset ac si diceretur Chaldæos esse flagellum Dei, quo ipse castigabat nationes: licet autem flagellum esset inauratum, non ideo tamen plaga ejus minus erat luculenta. Sed jam cecidit et per Cyrum contritus est hic calix Babylonius, quia Deus eum dejecit in terram et confregit. Notat etiam calix aureus opes, luxum, ac consequenter idololatriam, quam Babylonii gentibus aliis invexerunt. Unde huc alludit S. Joannes, Apoc. xiv, 8, et cap. xvii, 4, nimirum «venenum» non vitro, sed «auro» velatur, propinatur et «bibitur» ut ait Seneca. Tropologice S. Gregorius, XXXIV Moral. viii: «Babylon, inquit, id est mundi hujus gloria, dicitur calix aureus, quia dum pulchra esse temporalia ostentat, stoltas mentes in sua concupiscentia inebriat; ut speciosa temporalia appetant, et invisibilia pulchra contemnant. Aureus ergo calix Babylon est; quia, dum visum exterioris pulchritudinis ostendit, sensum internum rectitudinis subtrahit.» Nam, ut vulgo dicitur: «Auro loquente, nihil pollet quævis oratio.» Et S. Ambrosius, lib. De Elia, cap. xv: «Constitue, inquit, ante oculos pompam hujus sæculi, vide speciosam illecebram, sed inanem gratiam, non seducant te vasa aurea et argentea, habemus et nos thesaurum in vasis fictilibus. Vas Apostolorum fictile est, sed in eo thesaurus est Christi.» Vide et Origenem, hom. 2, hic, ubi docet Babylonium calicem aureum esse sermonem verborum lenociniis adornatum, qui prava audientibus instillat, qualis est hæreticorum, meretricum, adulatorum, etc. Biberunt gentes, et ideo commotæ sunt. — Arabicus: Biberunt omnes populi, et babylonizati sunt, id est confusi sunt.
51:8
8. Tollite resinam (q. d. O gentes Chaldæis subditæ! Babylonis ruinæ medelam afferte. Est ironia. Unde respondent hi medici, puta gentes): 9. Curavimus Babylonem, et non est sanata; — ergo de salute ejus desperantes, recedamus quisque in terram suam. Ita Theodoretus, Hugo et Vatablus. Est dialogus Prophetæ et gentium. Alii volunt esse vocem Prophetarum, vel, ut Origenes, Rabanus, Lyranus, angelorum custodum Babylonis, qui quod nihil proficerent in ejus curatione, eam erant deserturi. Sic Hierosolymæ, paulo ante excidium ejus, audita est vox angelorum in templo in die Pentecostes: «Migremus hinc,» ait Josephus lib. VII Belli, cap. xix. Verum angeli non ululant, nec medebantur temporali auxilio Chaldæis contra Medorum impetum a Deo decretum (de quo hic est sermo), sed spirituali, contra peccata quæ curare conabantur. Tropologice, hinc docet Origenes angelos sanctos animam impiam, quæ eorum correptiones et inspirationes in vita contempsit, deserere in agone mortis; cum undique ipsa a morbo, mundo, carne et dæmonibus impetitur, maximeque infirma est et imbecillis ad resistendum: quo fit ut ab hoste superetur, et trahatur in tartara. Sicut medicus, inquit, derelinquit ægrum, de cujus curatione desperat, «ne inter manus suas exspirans, causam interitus ejus ad se retorqueat.» Pervenit usque ad cœlos judicium ejus. — «Judicium» vocat scelera enormia Babylonis, quæ vindictam et judicium Dei clamabant et expostulabant in cœlum: hæc enim faciebant plagam ejus incurabilem et desperatam, uti præcessit. Aliter R. Salomon et Maldonatus, q. d. Relinquamus Babylonem, quia ipsa non tam ab hominibus, quam a Deo cœlitus impugnatur; unde ipsa incurabilis est, nec ab homine vel angelo adjuvari potest. Alii: «Judicium,» inquiunt, id est pœna ejus justo Dei judicio ei inflicta, «pervenit ad cœlos,» id est ingens est et immensa, ut sit hyperbole, qualis est illa: «It clamor cœlo.»
51:10
10. Protulit Dominus justitias nostras. — Id est, Deus probavit ipso facto justam esse causam nostram, qua querimur nos injuste a Chaldæis opprimi: nullam enim eis injuriam intulimus; Chaldæorum vero causam esse injustam ostendit, infligens eis justum hoc excidium ob oppressionem nostram, patet ex seq. Est vox populi Dei, sive Judæorum. Narremus, etc., opus Domini, — quomodo scilicet Chaldæos contriverit, et nos liberaverit.
51:11
11. Implete pharetras — sagittis, o Persæ! ad jaculandum in Babylonios. Ita multi. Aut aptius, «implete pharetras» sagittis, o Chaldæi! ut iis Persas arceatis a Babylone: quia «suscitavit Dominus spiritum regum Medorum» et Persarum: «et contra Babylonem mens ejus est.» Ita Sanchez. R. David vertit, congregate clypeos. Verum melius vertit Noster, «implete pharetras:» cui consentiunt Septuaginta et Chaldæus, Hebræum enim מלאו milu significat implete, non congregate. Templi, — a Chaldæis in Jerusalem succensi.
51:12
12. Levate signum. — Censent Theodoretus, Hugo, Lyranus et Sanchez esse sermonem ironicum ad Chaldæos a Persis et Medis obsessos, q. d. Vexillum in muris patrium erigite, o Chaldæi! custodias instaurate, insidias struite ut exploretis hostium consilia, milites instruite ad resistendum Persis. Alii tamen, ut Rabanus, Vatablus et Maldonatus, censent esse sermonem ad Persas obsidentes Babylonem: horum enim erat struere insidias, q. d. Explicatis vexillis, o Persæ! invadite Babylonem, agite ut vexilla vestra in ipso muro Babylonis collocetis in signum captæ urbis: ideoque «augete custodiam,» id est excubias; «levate,» hebraice, excitate «custodes,» q. d. Novos vigiles submittite, qui urbem cingant et stringant. Præparate insidias, — q. d. Agite cuniculos, Euphratem alio deducite, simulate quietem aut fugam, aliosque dolos struite, quia fecit, id est faciet, Dominus quæ locutus est contra Babylonem.
51:13
13. Quæ habitas super aquas, — o Babylon, quæ sita es juxta Euphratem, esque locupletissima! Euphrates enim Babylonem interluebat, et per varios sinus et rivos deductus, varias ejus plateas oberrabat. Venit finis tuus pedalis præcisionis tuæ. — Finem pedalem præcisionis vocat finem pede Dei, quasi æqua et justa mensura, sceleribus Babylonis commensum et emensum. Pes enim est genus mensuræ, etiam in vindemia et vini expressione (cui supplicia scelerum a Deo juste decreta comparare solent Prophetæ); unde Plinius, lib. XVIII, App. xxxi, pedem justum vocat, quando una uvarum pressura viginti culeos implet: favet vox «præcisionis,» quæ uvarum est, et notat excidium. parare solent Prophetæ); unde Plinius, lib. XVIII, App. xxxi, pedem justum vocat, quando una uvarum pressura viginti culeos implet: favet vox «præcisionis,» quæ uvarum est, et notat excidium. Hinc et vers. seq. ait: «Super te celeuma (quod est calcantium uvas) cantabitur.» Nicolaus Damascenus apud Stobæum, serm. 32, et Alexander ab Alexandro, lib. IV Genial. cap. xvii, narrant Indos quosdam, qui Pedalii vocantur, solere a Deo solam justitiam postulare ut munus excellentissimum. Pedale ergo est justus pes, sive justa mensura punitioni Babylonis præstituta, jam sceleribus Babylonis commensum et emensum: jam enim mensuram cupiditatis et iniquitatis suæ compleverat Babylon, qua completa eam præscindere et perdere decreverat Deus. Hebræa enim ad verbum habent: Venit finis tuus, scilicet mensura, id est terminus et completio, cupiditatis, avaritiæ, vel rapinæ tuæ: quia scilicet illa ad summum jam pervenit; unde instar finis tibi, puta tempus præcisionis tuæ et excidii tui: pedalem enim mensuram tibi tuoque imperio duplicem præstituit et prædefinivit Deus: primam opum et gloriæ, æque ac scelerum; secundam temporis, ut nimirum imperium teneas per 70 annos. Utramque mensuram jam implesti. Ergo finem tibi dabit Deus, teque pro meritis puniet et exscindet. Moraliter, nota exiguam hic mensuram, scilicet pedalem, peccatorum, æque ac deliciarum, opum et imperii a Deo constitui Babyloni, et cuivis regno; ac multo magis cuivis homini (uti docet S. Augustinus, lib. De Vita Christiana, cap. III et IV, tom. IX), qua impleta omnia simul ipsius scelera punit, eumque morte præsenti et æterna pro meritis mulctat. Ita cum impii putant se esse in cursu et vento prospero ad omnem felicitatem, se esse in flore, se stare in culmine gloriæ, subito a Deo dejiciuntur et præcipitantur in interitum. Ita Sanchez. Quocirca merito miseram hominum regumque sortem miserans Sidonius Apollinaris, lib. VIII, epist. 11 ad Lupum, exclamat: «O necessitas abjecta nascendi, vivendi misera, dura moriendi!» Et Aristides: «Nihil est in rebus humanis securum, nihil æquabile, nihil sibi sufficiens.» Secundo, Hugo, Lyranus et Maldonatus, sic explicant: «Pedalis præcisionis tuæ,» id est, ut funditus exscindaris: loquitur enim, inquit ipse, de Babylone metaphorice, quasi de arbore, cujus pes, id est truncus, præscindendus est, q. d. Jam a securis ad radicem tuam posita est.» Verum Hebræum אמר ammat, non pedem, id est truncum, sed cubitum et mensuram significat. Tertio, Vatablus et Pagninus vertunt: Venit finis oppressionis tuæ, eo quod brachio tuo opprimebas alios; unde pari modo tu jam opprimeris a Medis. Hinc et Chaldæus vertit: Venit tempus visitationis malitiæ tuæ. Et Isidorus ac Castrius, q. d. Venit finis et tempus quo Babylon aqua mensura tantum pœnarum exsolvat, quantum aliis gentibus intulit et inflixit. Septuaginta vertunt: Venit finis tuus vere in viscera tua, ut scilicet ea discerpant Medi: scilicet pro ammat, id est cubito vel pedali, legerunt amen, id est vere; vel אמת emet, id est in veritate.
51:14
14. Replebo te hominibus quasi brucho. — Militum Medorum multitudinem et murmur comparat bruchis, qui turmatim in germina, arbores et vineas involantes, eas stirpitus depascuntur: item vindemiatoribus communi voce quasi celeusmate se invicem ad torcular comprimendum exhortantibus. Vide dicta cap. xlviii, 33.
51:15
15. Præparavit. — Hebraice מבין mechin, id est firmavit, fundavit.
51:16
16. Dante eo vocem, — q. d. Tonante Deo, cœlum videtur disrumpi et pluvias effundere. Exaggerat hic potentiam Dei, ut ostendat eam posse robur Babylonis evertere. Reliqua usque ad vers. 20, explicata sunt cap. x, 14, 15, 16. Est hic a vers. 16 usque ad 20, longa et pulchra Dei descriptio, per elogia fortitudinis, sapientiæ et beneficentiæ ipsius, quibus uti res omnes creavit, ita iisdem assistit jugiter, easque dirigit et gubernat. Simili modo Gentiles Deum descripserunt. Aristides hymno in Jovem: «Omnia, inquit, ubique sunt Jovis plena, cum ipse rebus singulis assideat, non secus atque pueris præceptores, et belli vectores aurigis: omniumque deorum beneficia Jovi ferenda sunt accepta; nam illi hujus, ceu ducis in exercitu, imperio parentes, humanis rebus provident.» Et mox: «Jupiter, ait, omnium rerum pater est, fluviorum, cœli, terræ, deorum, hominum et stirpium; hic omnia dat et facit; hic in concionibus et judiciis, cum victoriam tribuit, Forensis vocatur; in præliis, Trophæus; in morbis aut ubicumque opem fert, Servator. Hic est Liberator, hic Mansuetus, quippe Pater; hic Rex, Urbitenens, Elicius, Pluvius, Cœlestis coryphæus. Ab hoc incipere merito debemus, et in hoc desinere, dictorum omnium et factorum præsidem ipsum et adjutorem, seu universi imperatorem, et solum præfectum, semper invocantes.»
51:20
20. Collidis tu mihi vasa belli, et ego collidam in te gentes. — Id est, ut Hebræa habent, o Babylon! tu mihi fuisti מפין mephits, id est malleus collidens et conterens vasa, id est instrumenta bellica aliarum nationum, quo malleo adhuc gentes conteram, regnaque contundam; equos, equites, juvenes, senes, pastores, agricolas et cæteros, quos describit usque ad vers. 24. Quapropter post hæc ego «reddam Babyloni, et cunctis habitatoribus Chaldææ omne malum suum,» et pari modo eam conteram, quo ipsa alias gentes contrivit. Unde Chaldæus, Vatablus, Pagninus et a Castro sic vertunt et explicant: Tu, o Babylon! es mihi malleus et instrumentum bellicum, quo alias gentes contero; ac demum post eas omnes malleum ipsum, id est te, conteram. Sic eam malleum terræ vocavit cap. l, 23. Nota: To in te idem est quod per te; Theodoretus aliter accipit to mihi, q. d. Tu collidis mihi, id est in populum meum confringis et dispergis omnia vasa tua bellica. Sed prior sensus est genuinus. Nota: Futurum collidam, ubique hic accipi potest pro præterito collisi, tumque melius cohæret cum vers. 24, q. d. Collisi per te gentes; nunc pariter, imo magis mereris collidi quam alii.
51:23
23. Agricolam et jugales ejus, — id est boves, quibus jugatis agricola arat. Est hypotyposis vastationis bellicæ. et cunctis habitatoribus Chaldææ omne malum suum,» et pari modo eam conteram, quo ipsa alias gentes contrivit.
51:25
25. Ecce ego ad te, mons pestifer. — Nota: Babylon sita est in loco humili, scilicet campo Sennaar; hic tamen vocatur mons, tum ob gloriam et fastum imperii, ita Theodoretus et Lyranus; tum ob celsa palatia, atque murorum altitudinem et fortitudinem, ita Vatablus et Maldonatus. Erat enim murorum Babylonis, ait Orosius lib. II, cap. vi, latitudo 50 cubitorum, altitudo quater tanta, ambitus 460 stadiorum. Vide dicta Daniel. IV, 27. Pestifer. — Septuaginta, mons corrupte; Chaldæus, dissipans; Hebræus, תשחית maschit, id est vastans; quia omnes gentes in suam potestatem et impietatem adducit. Comparat Babylonem monti vastanti et laceranti, ac pestem, id est necem et exitium, omnibus afferenti; quia, sicut ex montibus prodire solent feræ quæ omnes laniant, ita ex Babylone prodibant milites, qui gentes omnes laniabant. Ita Maldonatus. Unde sequitur: «Qui corrumpis,» id est perdis, vastas, exscindis, «universam terram.» Evolvam te de petris, — de turribus, mœnibus et munitionibus ejiciam te. Persistit in metaphora montis: sicut enim urbem vocavit montem, ita turres vocat rupes; quod enim sunt rupes in monte, hoc sunt turres in urbe. Et dabo te in montem combustionis, — id est combustum, ut feræ, id est milites, ex eo diffugiant.
51:26
26. Non tollent de te lapidem in angulum. — Hoc est, ita, o Babylon! quæ videris rupes solidissima, Persarum malleo contunderis, ita eorumdem igne combureris, ut omnes tui lapides in minuta fragmenta dissiliant, aut in cinerem redigantur, nec supersint lapides justæ molis et magnitudinis, qui in angulis domorum et fabricarum collocentur, q. d. Babylonis domos, parietes et lapides in acervum redigam, et in rudera æterna. Ita Lyranus. Est hyperbole. Symbolice, per lapides angulares reges et principes intelliguntur, q. d. ut vertit Chaldæus: Non tollent deinceps ex te regem in regnum, et principem in principatum, quia omnes delebuntur. Ita et Theodoretus, Hugo, Vatablus et Maldonatus. Sed perditus in æternum eris. — Hebraice, eris in desolationes sempiternas, id est non restauraberis ultra. Videre est etiamnum rudera antiquæ Babylonis. Magis tamen loquitur Propheta de abolitione imperii Babylonici.
51:27
27. Levate signum, — id est vexillum. Alloquitur Deus quasi dux belli suos centuriones et chiliarchas Persarum et Medorum, q. d. Conscribite militem, delectum castrensem agite. Sanctificate super eam gentes, — convocate gentes ad sacrum bellum gerendum contra Babylonem. Vide dicta cap. vi, 4. Annuntiate (bellum) contra illam regibus Ararat, — id est Armeniæ, non superioris et montosæ, ut Vatablus, sed inferioris: Ararat enim, ait S. Hieronymus in cap. xxxvii Isaiæ, regio in Armenia campestris est, per quam Araxes fluit ac radices Tauri montis altissimi, super quem arca Noe primo requievit; unde arcæ pars fertur superesse in Armenia apud montem Cordiæorum. Menni. — Videtur esse Minyarum in Armenia regio, de qua Josephus lib. I Antiq. iv. Ascenez. — Gens Armeniæ vicina, dicta ab Aschenez filio Gomer, filii Japhet, filii Noe: Josephus putat esse Rhegium urbem Italiæ, Vatablus Gothiam, Judæi Germaniam. Verum ex hoc loco Jeremiæ apparet Ascenez fuisse populum in Asia, Medis vicinum: cum Medis enim vocatur hic ad excidium Babylonis; atque verisimile est, ex his Asianis Ascaniis posterioribus sæculis multos transisse in Europam, ab eisque ortos esse nostros Ascanios, id est Tuiscones sive Germanos. Ita Torniellus anno mundi 1931, num. 21. Numerate contra eam Taphsar. — Pro Taphsar Septuaginta vertunt, machinas; Chaldæus, bellatores; Vatablus, nobilitatem; Noster, Nahum III, 17, vertit, parvos duces vel principes: an taph enim parum, שר sar principem significat. Jubet ergo principes vel duces conscribi ad bellum hoc. Ita Pagninus et Vatablus. Noster Interpres videtur Taphsar accipere ut nomen proprium loci, ex quo conscribendi sint milites vel lixæ. Adducite equum quasi bruchum aculeatum, — id est equum qui in bello erectos et horrentes attollat crines, ac hirsutas et hispidas jubas, quasi aculeos bruchorum, id est locustarum, uti dixi Isaiæ cap. xxxiii, 4, quæ aculeum habent in cauda, pedibus et dentibus. Equos enim Persarum feroces esse, et quasi a natura stimulos habere et aculeos, neque alienis egere calcaribus, docet Oppianus, et ex eo Sanchez. Quocirca Vatablus vertit, quasi examen horrendum.
51:29
29. Evigilabit quasi horrendum evigilabit, quæ hactenus videtur dormivisse, cogitatio Domini de punienda Babylone. Hebraice est, excitabitur cogitationes Domini, id est, unaquæque cogitationum: quidquid Dominus cogitavit, id jam suscitabitur et exsecutioni dabitur.
51:31
31. A summo ad summum, — ab extremitate una ad aliam.
51:32
32. Vada (Euphratis) præoccupata sunt — a Persis. Nam cum Cyrus Euphratem, qui Babylonem interluit, per fossas a militibus factas alio derivasset, ut per ejus alveum pedites incedere possent, milites partim ea parte qua Euphrates urbem ingreditur, partim ea parte qua egreditur, in urbem immisit, teste Herodoto, lib. I. Et hoc est quod hic ait Propheta, «a summo ad summum.» Simili modo Tiberis inundationes Romæ damnosas, multi olim avertere, urbemque siccam conservare cogitarunt, et etiamnum cogitant, derivando Anienem aliosque fluvios qui in Tiberim influunt, in fossas, quibus per valles alio decurrant. Actum fuit ab Aruntio et Ateio hac de re in senatu sub Tiberio Cæsare; sed itum est in hanc sententiam: «Optime rebus mortalium consuluisse naturam, quæ sua ora fluminibus, suos cursus atque originem, ita fines dederit: ipsum Tiberim nolle prorsus accolis fluviis orbatum minore gloria fluere.» Ita Tacitus lib. I. Et paludes incensæ sunt — a Persis, ut incensis carectis, quæ transitum militum impediebant, expeditior eis esset via in urbem; aut, ut Sanchez, ut incensis paludibus, quasi elevatis facibus, via ostenderetur transituris per Euphratis alveum in urbem: noctu enim capta est Babylon. Porro per paludes intellige juncos et arundines, aiunt Vatablus et Pagninus, quæ apud Nilum et Euphratem in locis paludinosis crescunt in arborum altitudinem; vel certe per paludes intellige munitiones aliquas erectas in paludibus. Nota: Per Euphratem quo superbiebat Balsasar et Babylon, quasi per illum esset inexpugnabilis, per eumdem expugnata est. Hic verum est illud: «Unde salus, inde vulnus.»
51:33
33. Filia Babylonis quasi area (male legunt aliqui area), tempus trituræ ejus, — q. d. Hactenus Babylon fuit quasi area plena frugibus, domibus, civibus, opibus et spoliis omnium gentium; jam triturabitur, ut omnes hæ opes excutiantur, illisque ipsa spolietur. Ita Theodoretus, Vatablus et Lyranus. Vel potius, area, id est, seges convehenda in aream (ut sit metonymia) est Babylon. Unde sequitur: «Tempus messionis ejus,» scilicet advenit, ut a Persis messoribus demetatur, et bonis omnibus spolietur: messem enim vocat spoliationem rerum omnium; trituram vero attritionem et afflictionem civium. Sic enim David trituravit Ammonitas, et «fecit super eos tribulas, et trahas, et ferrata carpenta (hisce enim segetes excutiuntur et triturantur in Palæstina, Canariis aliisque locis) transire,» II Reg. xii, 31, quo hic alludit Jeremias, et forte ad litteram ita Persæ triturarunt Chaldæos, quia ipsi triturarunt Judæos, Moabitas aliasque gentes, ut ait Isaias cap. xxi, 10, et cap. xxv, 10, hoc est, eos acriter vexarunt et afflixerunt. Vocatur ergo hic Babylon area trituræ, id est area, in qua quasi in theatro, conterendi erant, et capite bonisque mulctandi Chaldæi, ad publicum omnium gentium spectaculum, terrorem et exemplum. Sic area trituræ, id est contritionis martyrum, fuit amphitheatrum Romæ. Adhuc modicum, et veniet tempus messionis ejus, — ut per falcem volantem quam vidit Zacharias, cap. v, id est per gladium et arma Persarum demetatur, id est capiatur et incendatur Babylon, deinde trituretur, prius enim segetes demetuntur, quam triturentur), id est cives ejus occidantur, ac opes excutiantur et diripiantur.
51:34
34. Comedit me. — Verba sunt cœtus Judæorum vel Jerusalem, narrantium suas oppressiones a Chaldæis illatas, quod quasi a belluis sit devorata, et ut vas inane relicta, educto omni populo in captivitatem. Idem tropologice facit dæmon in anima peccatoris quam sibi subjugat, et devastat. Urbs vocatur vas, quia capit cives, uti vas capax est vini; sed uti vas vino exhausto, ita et urbs civibus exhaustis, est quasi dolium vacuum et inane. Absorbuit me — totam, sicut dracones marini, id est, balænæ, sorbent integras naves. Huic enim comparatur Pharao, Ezech. xxix, 3. Pari modo Nabuchodonosor, ut immanis balæna, absorbuit totam Jerusalem, urbem spoliando et incendendo, vel abducendo in Babylonem. Sicut enim Pharao inter rivos Nili, sic Nabuchodonosor inter fluenta Euphratis et Tigris, degebat ut crocodilus, vel ut balæna. Unde subdit vers. 36: «Desertum faciam mare ejus.» Replevit (Nabuchodonosor) ventrem suum teneritudine mea. — Hebræus et Septuaginta, deliciis meis, id est primo, adolescentibus meis nobilibus, ita Hugo; secundo, me ipsa, quæ sum tenere in Dei cultu enutrita, ita Dionysius; tertio, bonis omnibus meis, puta deliciis et divitiis, rebusque pretiosis quas tenere diligebam; ita Chaldæus et Theodoretus. Et tunc per ventrem accipe ærarium Nebuchodonosoris, item ejus avaritiam; hæc enim auri est avida, æque ac venter famelicus cibi; sed hic cibo impletur, illa auro satiari nequit, est enim inexplebilis. Et ejecit me, — id est evomuit me, q. d. Postquam omnes meas opes devoravit, domosque incendio absumpsit, ejecit me, id est cives et filios meos, ex terra mea, et in Babylonem abduxit.
51:35
35. Iniquitas adversum me, — violentia et clades mihi Sioni et Judææ inique a Babylone illata. Et caro (interfectorum meorum erit) super Babylonem, — ut dignas solvat pœnas suæ tyrannidis. Unde subdit Dominus: 36. Ego ulciscar ultionem tuam, — id est injuriam tibi a Chaldæis illatam. Est metalepsis; injuria enim ulciscenda vocatur ultio. Desertum faciam mare ejus, — id est, tum Euphratem, hunc enim alio derivavit Cyrus: ita Lyranus; tum potius «mare,» id est abundantiam hominum et opum, quæ videbatur tanta, ut quasi mare exhauriri non posse videretur. Ita Theodoretus et Vatablus. Et venam, — id est, regnum et dominationem ejus in omnes et singulas gentes, ita Theodoretus; vel potius «venam» vocat reconditos ejus thesauros, ita a Castro. Tertio et aptius «venam» vocat, tum vectigalia quæ Babyloniis ab omnibus gentibus solvebantur, tum mercimonia; ex hisce enim quasi ex venis manabant juges Babylonis opes.
51:37
37. Et erit Babylon in tumulos (tum lapidum ex ruina domorum; tum arenarum, ex siccato Euphratis alveo; ideoque erit) habitatio draconum — terrestrium, qui loca deserta incolunt.
51:38
38. Simul ut leones rugient. — Hoc et de Persis victoribus cum Maldonato et Sanchez; et de Chaldæis victis, accipi potest cum Lyrano, Hugone, a Castro; hi enim audientes Persas Babylonem ingressos, et somno et vino expergefacti, comas excutient, ac rugient præ dolore, vel potius præ ira et indignatione; sed sero et frustra: sequentia enim Chaldæis competunt. Audi Virgilium XII Æneid. graphice iras et animos leonis describentem: Pœnorum qualis in arvis / Saucius ille gravi venantum vulnere pectus, / Tum demum movet arma leo, gaudetque comantes / Excutiens cervice toros, fixumque latronis / Impavidus frangit telum, et fremit ore cruento.
51:39
39. In calore ponam potus eorum. — Est hypallage: id est, in potibus et compotationibus Balsasaris et Chaldæorum ponam calorem eorum, id est faciam ut incalescant, inebrientur, occidantur: convertam eorum convivia in perpetuam ebrietatem, ex qua nunquam expergefiant, sed dormiant somnum sempiternum, scilicet in morte, sepulcro et inferno. Multi enim Chaldæorum dormientes et ebrii, alii semisomnes et semisobrii, alii evigilantes et sobrii occisi sunt; itaque omnes a somno temporali ad somnum perpetuum Persarum gladio transmissi sunt. Quid enim est somnus, nisi mors brevis? et quid est mors, nisi somnus perpetuus? vide historiam Daniel. v, 4 et 30. Idem prædixit Isaias cap. xxi, 5; Chaldæi enim deridebant Persas obsidentes, eo quod haberent in urbe res necessarias ad viginti annos, ut illis tolerare possent obsidionem, ait Xenophon lib. VII; unde præfidentes suis viribus et opibus indulgebant genio, et tunc a Cyro oppressi sunt. Ecce, hic compotationum est finis, hæ sunt sepulchra concupiscentiæ et bacchantium.
51:41
41. Quomodo capta est Sesach? — id est Babylon. Vide dicta cap. xxv, 26. Est epiphonema Prophetæ, mirantis Babylonem esse captam, quæ videbatur insuperabilis. Inclyta universæ terræ. — Hebræus: Laus et gloria universæ terræ; Syrus vertit: Quomodo capta est princeps regnorum, gloria universæ terræ; quomodo facta est in stuporem Babylon? Arabicus Antiochenus: Quomodo capta est Arysche, id est præcipua, et caput regnorum? Arabicus Alexandrinus: Quomodo obsessa est urbs præstans, gloria universæ terræ? quomodo facta est Babylon stupor?
51:42
42. Mare, — grandis exercitus Medorum et Persarum obruit Babylonem. Arabicus vertit: Elevatum est mare contra Babylonem, immersa est in multitudine fluctuum ejus.
51:44
44. Et visitabo super Bel (id est super Chaldæos cultores Beli, ut sit metonymia. Ita Chaldæus et Lyranus. Secundo et planius, per Bel ipsum Beli idolum accipe; hoc enim quotidie devorabat sacrificia plurima cibosque sibi oblatos. Daniel. cap. xiv, 2, ac centum talentorum millia thuris, quæ quotidie ei adolebantur, teste Herodoto. Item anathemata et donaria, uti vasa templi Hierosolymitani. Hæc enim in Beli templum et cultum intulit Nabuchodonosor, Daniel. i, 2. Unde subdit): Et ejiciam quod absorbuerat de ore ejus, — q. d. Bel hæc omnia absorpsit et rapuit, sed Cyrus coget eum eadem revomere et reddere. Ita Theodoretus et Vatablus. In Hebræo est elegans paronomasia: Visitabo Bel in Babel, et ejiciam בלעו bilo, id est devorationem ejus de ore ejus, et Babel corruet.
51:46
46. Veniet (Babylonem) in anno (scilicet primo Balsasaris) auditio, — id est rumor belli, quod Medi parant: anno secundo venient ipsi Medi cum iniquitate, id est violentia: tertio anno Babylon ab iis expugnabitur, et dominator Cyrus dominatorem Balsasarem occidet. Ita Vatablus et R. David. Secundo et simplicius, q. d. O Judæi! ne mollescat cor vestrum, cum varios belli Persici contra Chaldæos audietis rumores (hi enim vocantur «auditio et auditio,» eaque «in anno, et post annum,» hoc est toto anno, imo post annum annum,» hoc est toto anno, imo post annum crebra et iterata auditio), et propter eos orientur iniquitates, id est seditiones, tumultus, et rapinæ, et bella intestina, aliis faventibus Persis, aliis Chaldæis, aliis antiquas inimicitias ulciscentibus; quia cum has turbas et iniquitates videritis, scitote imminere excidium Babylonis, et vestram liberationem. Simile ait Christus de excidio urbis et orbis, Matth. xxiv, 4. Ita a Castro. Paulo aliter Sanchez, qui per iniquitatem accipit continuatam in hisce belli rumoribus Chaldæorum contra Judæos tyrannidem et oppressionem, q. d. Ne animos vestros, o Judæi, debilitet et frangat, quod cum uno anno, deinde alio atque alio belli rumor audiatur, nihil tamen Chaldæi de sua in vos iniquitate et severitate priori remittant, maneantque dominatores, donec novus dominator Cyrus succedat. Dies namque brevi veniet quo Babylonem cum suis sculptilibus puniam et evertam.
51:48
48. Laudabunt cœli. — Id est, angeli cœli laudabunt justam Dei vindictam de Babylone, vel potius, q. d. Nova erit mundi facies, ut cœli et terra præ gaudio exsilire videantur, ob cæsum tyrannum Babylonium, sub quo omnes gemebant, quique terram tributis, rapinis, cædibus, excidiis vexabat; quin et cœlo ac cœlitibus erat injurius, arrogando sibi divinos honores, ac idola pro Deo colendo, omnesque ad eorum cultum cogendo. Est hyperbolica prosopopæia.
51:50
50. Qui fugistis gladium. — Loquitur Judæis, qui fugerant gladium in vastatione, non Jerusalem, ut Vatablus (hi omnes pene jam mortui erant, paucique tantum senes admodum ex ea erant superstites), sed Babylonis, ut jam «procul,» id est post 70 annos, recordentur pristini cultus Domini, et reditus in Jerusalem, de quo a parentibus plurima audierant, et vero a Jeremia et Ezechiele oraculum et promissionem Dei acceperant. Ita Rabanus, Theodoretus, Lyranus et alii. Confusi sumus. — Est mimesis. Respondent enim Judæi, quasi dicant: Cum recordamur Jerusalem, confundimur, et pudet nos opprobrii, quo afflictos audivimus patres nostros in excidio Hierosolymæ, et contumeliæ, quam barbari Chaldæi intulerunt templo sancto Domini; atque opprobriorum et blasphemiarum, quas eos petulanter contra Dominum ejusque templum jactare, eique insultare sæpe audivimus, nimirum Bel esse potentiorem Deo nostro, ac evertisse ejus urbem, gentem et thronum in templo. His respondet Deus se Bel eversurum cum cæteris sculptilibus; Chaldæos vero ita vulneraturum, ut non gemant, sed mugiant instar boum dum mactantur; denique se Babylonem, quæ turres et muros in cœlum attollere, ideoque munitissima videbatur, vastaturum.
51:54
54. Vox clamoris de Babylone, — audietur. Simile fuit cap. xlviii, 3.
51:55
55. Perdidit ex ea vocem magnam, — id est turbam tumultuantem, et vocibus magnis conclamantem, q. d. Faciet Deus ut in Babylonem, ubi jam ob hominum turbam magnus est strepitus et murmur, magnum inducatur silentium et solitudo, ex civium occisione et fuga. Et sonabunt fluctus eorum, — Babyloniorum cum occidentur ejulatus resonabunt, sicut fluctus aquarum multarum. Ita Maldonatus.
51:57
57. Inebriabo principes ejus, — calice iræ meæ et extremæ clade, ut dormiant somnum mortis æternum. Alludit rursum ad crapulam Balsasaris et Babyloniorum, cum Babylon caperetur. Vide vers. 39.
51:58
58. Murus Babylonis ille latissimus suffossione suffodietur. — Erant enim muri Babylonis lati 50 cubitos, alti 200; longi adeo, ut per circuitum haberet portas centum. Ita Herodotus, lib. I, Diodorus, Solinus et alii. Vide dicta Daniel. v. Labores populorum ad nihilum, et gentium in ignem erunt, — q. d. Babylonis insanæ substructiones, palatia, arces, templa, muri, horti pensiles, etc., tanto labore totius pene Asiæ tot annis exstructa, igne cremabuntur, et in nihilum redigentur. Ita Chaldæus, Lyranus et alii. Aliter Vatablus, q. d. Fatigabuntur populi et plebs (in exstinguendo igne), et lassabuntur, id est non poterunt exstinguere ignem, quo flagrabit Babylon.
51:59
59. Cum Sedecia, — qui ibat in Babylonem ad Nabuchodonosorem, ut eum salutaret eique munera offerret, ut eum sibi et captivis Judæis redderet benevolum: contigerunt enim hæc anno quarto Sedeciæ, ut hic dicitur, quando omnia Hierosolymæ cum Chaldæis erant pacifica. Ita Hebræi in Seder Olam, cap. x, ac Latini. Minus recte ergo Septuaginta et Chaldæus vertunt: Cum abiret a Sedecia, quasi Sedecias non iverit in Babylonem, sed Saraiam legatum pro se eo miserit. Ex dictis liquet hanc prophetiam contra Babylonem quæ habetur cap. L et LI (quæque hoc libello descripta a Jeremia tradita est Saraiæ, ut eam Judæis in Babylone captivis legeret, ac deinde in Euphrate submergeret) dictam esse a Jeremia anno 4 Sedeciæ, puta 7 annis ante excidium Jerusalem. Saraias autem erat princeps prophetiæ, — id est orationis et legationis, ut quasi orator peroraret apud Nabuchodonosorem. Sic Aaron vocatur propheta, id est interpres et orator Mosis apud Pharaonem, Exodi vii, 1. Rursum «prophetiæ,» scilicet illius quam hic nomine totius reipublicæ Judaicæ commendavit Jeremias, ut eam in Babylone promulgaret voce, et reipsa perageret. Ita Sanchez. Hebraice est, princeps quietis; quia in quiete et in somnis olim sæpe Deus Prophetis et Sanctis sua revelabat. Aliter Vatablus: quietis, inquit, id est ne quis regem quiescentem interturbaret, hic Saraias custodiebat ejus cubiculum, q. d. Erat præfectus cubiculi regii; vel quietis, id est recreationis regis erat præfectus, et sic quod Noster vertit «prophetiæ,» a Castro explicat, q. d. «Prophetiæ,» id est psalmorum et musicæ, ut ea regem recrearet. Aliter quoque Maldonatus. Erat, inquit, «princeps prophetiæ,» id est primus inter Levitas qui prophetias decantare solebant, aut princeps sacerdotum, ut vocatur cap. seq. 24. Sed dubium est an ille Saraias sit idem cum hoc. phetis et Sanctis sua revelabat. Aliter Vatablus: quietis, inquit, id est ne quis regem quiescentem interturbaret, hic Saraias custodiebat ejus cubiculum, q. d. Erat præfectus cubiculi regii; vel quietis, id est recreationis regis erat præfectus, et sic quod Noster vertit «prophetiæ,» a Castro explicat, q. d. «Prophetiæ,» id est psalmorum et musicæ, ut ea regem recrearet. Denique Chaldæus et Septuaginta pro מנחה menucha, id est quietis, legerunt מנחה mincha, id est munerum, q. d. Saraias erat munerum regi oblatorum, vel a rege distribuendorum præfectus, quem postea in aulis regum et principum vocarunt comitem vel præfectum sacrarum largitionum. Hic sensus cohæret cum primo (idem enim erat legatus et munerum largitor), qui videtur esse maxime appositus.
51:61
61. Et dixit Jeremias ad Saraiam: Cum veneris in Babylonem, et videris, et legeris omnia verba hæc, — hoc est, videndo et inspiciendo legeris verba hæc, quæ in libro tibi dato scripsi de Babylonis excidio, «legeris,» inquam, non Babyloniis; hi enim si Babylonis cladem ex te audirent, in te æque ac in Judæos captivos sævirent; sed Joachin et Judæis in Babylone detentis; ut lenias eorum dolorem, et captivitatis ærumnas spe libertatis iis dandæ a Cyro, cum ipse Babylonem evertet.
51:63
63. Projicies. — Primo, ad consolationem Judæorum in Babylone captivorum, ut in spem liberationis erigantur. Ita Theodoretus. Secundo, ad monitionem Chaldæorum, qui ex Judæis intelligent te meo jussu et oraculo divino hæc de eorum excidio legisse, et lecta projecisse in Euphratem; ut ipsi hanc cladem pœnitentia evadant: hinc Jeremias monuit eos anno quarto Sedeciæ, id est fere 70 annis antequam hanc cladem eis Deus inferret. Sic ait Michæas, cap. vii, 19: «Projiciet in profundum maris omnia peccata nostra,» id est plane ea abolebit, sicut aboletur quod projicitur in fundum maris. Sic Phocenses, teste Herodoto, lib. I, fœdus incuntes inter se de non redeundo in patriam, ferri pondus projecerunt in mare cum gravi exsecratione, si in patriam redirent prius, quam pondus hoc sponte ex imo ad summum maris prosiliret, «ferream, ait, massam in mare demerserunt, et jurarunt non prius se in Phocæam redituros, quam hæc massa e fundo maris emergeret, atque in summa aqua exstaret.» Hoc juramentum et exsecrationem quasi æternæ durationis firmamentum adhibet Horatius in Epodon, ode 16: Sed juremus in hæc; simul imis saxa renarint / Vadis levata, ne redire sit nefas.
51:64
64. Sic submergetur Babylon, — non tam in Euphratem, quam in mare excidii et calamitatum. Ad hoc caput alludit sæpe S. Joannes Apocal. xviii, describens excidium novæ Babylonis, id est Romæ redeuntis ad gentilismum in fine mundi, ac nominatim ad hunc versum alludit vers. 21, dicens: «Et sustulit unus angelus fortis lapidem quasi molarem, magnum, et misit in mare, dicens: Hoc impetu mittetur Babylon civitas illa magna, et ultra jam non invenietur.» Ubi Alcazar per angelum fortem intelligit Jeremiam. Vide ibi dicta. Hucusque verba Jeremiæ, — scilicet de Babylone; est enim hic epilogus prophetiæ contra Babylonem titulo respondens cap. L, 1: idque quia longior fuit de ea prophetia. Simile fuit in prophetia contra Moab, cap. xlviii, 47. Alii tamen volunt absolute hic esse finem totius prophetiæ Jeremiæ, idque verius et aptius est; sequens enim caput historia est, non prophetia, petita ex lib. IV Reg. cap. ult. Videtur hanc clausulam addidisse Baruch scriba Jeremiæ, adeoque collegisse omnes prophetias Jeremiæ diverso tempore editas in hoc volumen, neglecto tamen ordine temporis quo sunt editæ: quem sane Jeremias servavisset, si singulas suo tempore et ordine scripsisset, ut ex eis unum volumen conficeret. Quocirca Septuaginta et Arabicus Alexandrinus hoc loco immediate ante cap. LI, et ultimum ponunt cap. XLV Jeremiæ juxta Vulgatam editionem, quod continet prophetiam Jeremiæ ad Baruch, et de Baruch, ac deinde ponunt cap. LII, post quod statim subjiciunt ipsam prophetiam Baruch, ac post illam Threnos.
51:27
… Questo nome geografico del Vecchio Testamento (Gen. 8, 4; II Reg. 19, 37; Is. 37, 38; Ier. 51, 27) corrisponde su per giù all'Urartu dei documenti assiro-babilonesi ed alla odierna Armenia.
ASCENEZ (EBR. AŠKENAZ; SETTANTA AŠQAVÁČ)
Asarhaddon dice nel prisma B di aver lottato contro Manna e Aškuza, e Ier. 51, 27 invita contro Babilonia «Ararat, Menni e A.», poi la Media. …
51:34
… Come ráhabh, tannin indica per metafora il nemico politico (l'Egitto: Is. 27, 1; Ex. 29, 3; 32, 2), o in generale le forze nemiche incontenibili dagli uomini, cui recano pericolo e morte (Is. 51, 9; Ier. 51, 34; Iob 7, 12; Ps. 74 [73], 13; 91 [90], 13). Dio non uccide il d., ma lo ferisce o cattura e su di lui dimostra la sua potenza; il d. è creatura di Jahweh (Gen. 1, 21; Ps. 104 [103], …
51:41
… Il procedimento athbaš consiste nel mettere l'ultima lettera dell'a. in luogo della prima, la penultima in luogo della seconda e così via: in Ier. 51, 41 Īšākh=Babel (Babilonia). …
51:59
4. Fratello di Baruch, che fu inviato da Sedecia in un'ambasceria in Babilonia (ibid. 51, 59).
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.