From the campe of Israel in Silo surueyers are sent to diuide the rest of the Land into seuen partes, for the seuen tribes yet without portions. 10. VVhich being donne, Iosue casteth lottes for them, 11. and the first lotte falleth to Beniamim, 12. Whose part is described by the limites, 21. with the names of the principal cities.
1And all the children of Israel assembled together in Silo, and there they set up the tabernacle of the testimony, and the land was subdued before them.E si raunarono tutti i figliuoli d'Israele a Silo, e ivi alzarono il tabernacolo del testimonio, e il paese era ad essi soggetto.AND al the children of Israel were assembled in Silo, and there they pitched the tabernacle of the testimony, and the Land was subdewed to them.Congregatique sunt omnes filii Israël in Silo, ibique fixerunt tabernaculum testimonii, et fuit eis terra subjecta. 2But there remained seven tribes of the children of Israel, which as yet had not received their possessions.Ma vi restavano sette tribù de' figliuoli d'Israele, le quali non avevano ancora avuta la loro porzione.But there remained seuen tribes of the children of Israel, which as yet had not receiued their possessions.Remanserant autem filiorum Israël septem tribus, quæ necdum acceperant possessiones suas. 3And Josue said to them: How long are you indolent and slack, and go not in to possess the land which the Lord the God of your fathers hath given you?Alle quali disse Giosuè: Fino a quando marcirete voi nell'ozio senza entrare al possesso della terra data a voi dal Signore Dio de' padri vostri?To whom Iosue said: How long are you slack with cowardenes, and enter not to possesse the Land, which our Lord the God of your fathers hath geuen you?Ad quos Josue ait: Usquequo marcetis ignavia, et non intratis ad possidendam terram, quam Dominus Deus patrum vestrorum dedit vobis ? 4Choose of every tribe three men, that I may send them, and they may go and compass the land, and mark it out according to the number of each multitude: and bring back to me what they have marked out.Scegliete tre persone da ogni tribù, perchè io le mandi a fare il giro della terra, e ne facciano la descrizione secondo il numero della gente: e ne riferiscano a me la loro descrizione.Choose of euerie tribe three men, that I may send them, and they may goe and circuite the Land, and marke it out according to the number of euerie multitude: and report vnto me that which they haue marked out.Eligite de singulis tribubus ternos viros, ut mittam eos, et pergant atque circumeant terram, et describant eam juxta numerum uniuscujusque multitudinis: referantque ad me quod descripserint. 5Divide to yourselves the land into seven parts: let Juda be in his bounds on the south side, and the house of Joseph on the north.Spartite tra voi la terra in sette parti: Giuda rimanga dentro i suoi confini dalla parte di mezzodì, e la casa di Giuseppe da settentrione.Diuide vnto you the Land into seuen partes: let Iudas be in his boundes on the south quarter, and the house of Ioseph on the North.Dividite vobis terram in septem partes: Judas sit in terminis suis ab australi plaga, et domus Joseph ab aquilone.
6The land in the midst between these mark ye out into seven parts; and you shall come hither to me, that I may cast lots for you before the Lord your God.La terra che è di mezzo tra questi, dividetela in sette parti: e venite a me, affinchè io ve la tiri a sorte qui dinanzi al Signore Dio vostro:the Land in the middes betwen these marke out into seuen partes: and you shal come hither to me, that before our Lord your God I may cast the lotte for you:Mediam inter hos terram in septem partes describite: et huc venietis ad me, ut coram Domino Deo vestro mittam vobis hic sortem: 7For the Levites have no part among you, but the priesthood of the Lord is their inheritance. And Gad and Ruben, and the half tribe of Manasses have already received their possessions beyond the Jordan eastward: which Moses the servant of the Lord gave them.Perocché non han tra voi porzione alcuna i Leviti, ma loro retaggio egli è il sacerdozio del Signore. Gad poi, e Ruben, e mezza la tribù di Manasse han già avute le loro porzioni di là dal Giordano a levante, le quali furon date loro da Mosè servo del Signore.for the Leuites part is not among you, but the priesthood of our Lord is their inheritance. And Gad and Ruben, and the half tribe of Manasses had now receiued their possessions beyond Iordan at the East side: which Moyses the seruant of our Lord gaue them.quia non est inter vos pars Levitarum, sed sacerdotium Domini est eorum hæreditas. Gad autem et Ruben, et dimidia tribus Manasse, jam acceperant possessiones suas trans Jordanem ad orientalem plagam, quas dedit eis Moyses famulus Domini. 8And when the men were risen up, to go to mark out the land, Josue commanded them saying: Go round the land and mark it out, and return to me: that I may cast lots for you before the Lord in Silo.E quando furon pronti quegli uomini per andare a fare la descrizione della terra, Giosuè ordinò, e disse loro: Fate il giro della terra, e misuratela, e tornate a me, affinchè qui in Silo dinanzi al Signore io la tiri a sorte.And when the men were rysen vp, that they might goe to marke out the land, Iosue commanded them, saying: Circuite the Land and marke it out, and returne to me: that here before our Lord, in Silo I may cast the lotte for you.Cumque surrexissent viri, ut pergerent ad describendam terram, præcepit eis Josue, dicens: Circuite terram, et describite eam, ac revertimini ad me: ut hic coram Domino, in Silo, mittam vobis sortem. 9So they went and surveying it divided it into seven parts, writing them down in a book. And they returned to Josue, to the camp in Silo.Quegli adunque andarono: e visitata a parte a parte la terra, la divisero in sette parti, facendone il catasto in un libro. E tornarono a Giosuè negli alloggiamenti di Silo.They therfore went on: and going ouer it, diuided it into seuen partes, writing it in a volume. And they returned to Iosue into the campe in Silo.Itaque perrexerunt: et lustrantes eam, in septem partes diviserunt, scribentes in volumine. Reversique sunt ad Josue in castra Silo.
10And he cast lots before the Lord in Silo, and divided the land to the children of Israel into seven parts.Il quale tirolla a sorte in Silo dinanzi al Signore, e divise la terra a' figliuoli d'Israele in sette parti.Who did cast lottes before our Lord in Silo, and diuided the Land to the children of Israel into seuen partes.Qui misit sortes coram Domino in Silo, divisitque terram filiis Israël in septem partes. 11And first came up the lot of the children of Benjamin by their families, to possess the land between the children of Juda, and the children of Joseph.La prima a uscire a sorte fu la tribù di Beniamin distinta nelle sue famiglie, la quale ebbe sua porzione tra i figliuoli di Giuda, e i figliuoli di Giuseppe.And first came vp the lotte of the children of Beniamin by their families, to possesse the Land betwen the children of Iudas and the children of Ioseph.Et ascendit sors prima filiorum Benjamin per familias suas, ut possiderent terram inter filios Juda et filios Joseph. 12And their border northward was from the Jordan: going along by the side of Jericho on the north side, and thence going up westward to the mountains, and reaching to the wilderness of Bethaven,E i loro confini da settentrione furono al Giordano: e si stesero al lato settentrionale di Gerico, e di lì salgono alla montagna: e arrivano fino al deserto di Bethaven,And their border was against the North from Iordan: going forward by the side of Iericho on the north quarter, and thence Westward rysing vp vnto the mountaines, and reaching to the wildernes of Bethauen,Fuitque terminus eorum contra aquilonem a Jordane: pergens juxta latus Jericho septentrionalis plagæ, et inde contra occidentem ad montana conscendens et perveniens ad solitudinem Bethaven, 13And passing along southward by Luza, the same is Bethel, and it goeth down into Ataroth-addar to the mountain, that is on the south of the nether Beth-horon.E passano a mezzo giorno vicino a Luza detta anche Bethel: e scendono in Atharoth-Addar verso il monte che sta al mezzodì di Beth-horon la inferiore:& passing through by Luza to the South, the same is Bethel: and goeth downe into Ataroth addar vnto the mountaine, that is on the South of Bethhoron the lower.atque pertransiens juxta Luzam ad meridiem, ipsa est Bethel: descenditque in Ataroth Addar, in montem qui est ad meridiem Beth-horon inferioris: 14And it bendeth thence going round towards the sea, south of the mountain that looketh towards Beth-horon to the south-west: and the outgoings thereof are into Cariathbaal, which is called also Cariathiarim, a city of the children of Juda This is their coast towards the sea, westward.E declinano, e girano verso il mare a mezzodì della montagna che guarda Beth-horon dalla parte dell'Africa, e finiscono a Cariath-baal, la quale è detta Cariath-iarim città de' figliuoli di Giuda: questa è la parte verso il mare a ponente.And it bendeth compassing against the sea, South ward of the mountaine that looketh to Bethhoron against the South: and the issues therof are into Cariathbaal, which is called also Cariathbaal which is called also Cariathiarim, a citie of the children of Iudas. This is their coast against the sea, toward the West.et inclinatur circuiens contra mare ad meridiem montis qui respicit Beth-horon contra Africum: suntque exitus ejus in Cariath-baal, quæ vocatur et Cariathiarim, urbem filiorum Juda. Hæc est plaga contra mare, ad occidentem.
15But on the south side the border goeth out from part of Cariathiarim towards the sea, and cometh to the fountain of the waters of Nephtoa.Da mezzodì poi i suoi confini cominciano dalla parte di Cariath-iarim verso il mare, e arrivano fino alla fontana di Nephtoa.But on the South from part of Cariathiarim the border issueth forth against the sea, and cometh to the fountaine of the waters of Nephtoa.A meridie autem ex parte Cariathiarim egreditur terminus contra mare, et pervenit usque ad fontem aquarum Nephtoa. 16And it goeth down to that part of the mountain that looketh on the valley of the children of Ennom: and is over against the north quarter in the furthermost part of the valley of Raphaim, and it goeth down into Geennom (that is the valley of Ennom) by the side of the Jebusite to the south: and cometh to the fountain of Rogel,E scendono fino alla parte del monte che guarda la valle dei figliuoli di Ennom; ed è a settentrione nel fondo della valle di Raphaim. E scendono in Geennom (vale a dire valle di Ennom) accanto alli Jebusei a mezzodì, e arrivano alla fonte di Rogel.And it goeth downe into part of the mountaine that looketh toward the Valley of the children of Ennom: and is against the north quarter in the vttermost part of the Valley raphaim, And it goeth downe into Gehennom (that is, the valley of Ennom) by the side of the Iebuseite to the South: and cometh to the Fountaine of Rogel,Descenditque in partem montis, qui respicit vallem filiorum Ennom: et est contra septentrionalem plagam in extrema parte vallis Raphaim. Descenditque in Geennom (id est, vallem Ennom) juxta latus Jebusæi ad austrum: et pervenit ad fontem Rogel, 17Passing thence to the north, and going out to Ensemes, that is to say, the fountain of the sun:Passano verso tramontana, e si estendono fino ad Ensemes, cioè Fonte del sole:pasling to the north, and going forth to Ensemes, that is to say, the fountaine of the sunne:transiens ad aquilonem, et egrediens ad Ensemes, id est, fontem solis: 18And it passeth along to the hills that are over against the ascent of Adommim: and it goeth down to Abenboen, that is, the stone of Boen the son of Ruben: and it passeth on the north side to the champaign countries; and goeth down into the plain,E passano fino alle alture che sono dirimpetto alla salita di Adommim: e scendono da Aben-boen, o sia pietra di Boen figliuolo di Ruben, e vanno dalla parte di tramontana fino a' campi; e scendono nel piano,and it passeth vnto the litle hilles, that are against the ascent of Adommim: and goeth downe to Abenboen, that is, the stone of Boen the sonne of Ruben: and it passeth on the north side to the champaine countries: and goeth downe into the playne,et pertransit usque ad tumulos, qui sunt e regione ascensus Adommim: descenditque ad Abenboën, id est, lapidem Boën filii Ruben: et pertransit ex latere aquilonis ad campestria: descenditque in planitiem, 19And it passeth by Bethhagla northward: and the outgoings thereof are towards the north of the most salt sea at the south end of the Jordan.E s'inoltrano verso settentrione a Bethhagla: e finiscono alla punta del mar salato verso settentrione all'imboccatura del Giordano che guarda mezzodì:and passeth by against the North of Bethagla: and the issues therof are against the brincke of the most salt sea on the North in the end of Iordan to the south quarter:et prætergreditur contra aquilonem Beth Hagla: suntque exitus ejus contra linguam maris salsissimi ab aquilone in fine Jordanis ad australem plagam:
20Which is the border of it on the east side. This is the possession of the children of Benjamin by their borders round about, and their families.Il qual (Giordano) è suo confine da oriente: questa è la porzione, e questi i confini da tutte le bande de' figliuoli di Beniamin divisi nelle loro famiglie.which is the border therof on the East. This is the possession of the children of Beniamin by their borders round about, and their families.qui est terminus illius ab oriente. Hæc est possessio filiorum Benjamin per terminos suos in circuitu, et familias suas. 21And their cities were, Jericho and Bethhagla and Vale-Casis,E le loro città furono Gerico, e Beth-hagla, e la valle di Casis,And their cities were, Iericho and Bethhagla and Vallis Casis,Fueruntque civitates ejus, Jericho et Beth Hagla et vallis Casis, 22Betharaba and Samaraim and Bethel,Beth-Araba, e Samaraim, e Bethel,Beth Araba and Samaraim and Bethel,Beth Araba et Samaraim et Bethel 23And Avim and Aphara and Ophera,E Avim, e Aphara, e Ophera,and Auim and Aphara and Ophera,et Avim et Aphara et Ophera, 24The town Emona and Ophni and Gabee: twelve cities, and their villages.Borgo di Emona, e Ophni, e Gabee: dodici città co' loro villaggi.Towne Emona and Ophni and Gabee: twelue cities, & their townes.villa Emona et Ophni et Gabee: civitates duodecim, et villæ earum. 25Gabam and Rama and Beroth,Gabaon, e Rama, e Beroth,Gabaon and Rama and Beroth,Gabaon et Rama et Beroth, 26And Mesphe, and Caphara, and Amosa,E Mesphe, e Caphara, e Amosa,and Mesphe, and Caphara, and Amosa,et Mesphe et Caphara, et Amosa 27And Recem, Jarephel, and Tharela,E Recem, Jarephel, e Tharela,and Recem, Iarephel and Tharela,et Recem, Jarephel et Tharela, 28And Sela, Eleph and Jebus, which is Jerusalem, Gabaath and Cariath: fourteen cities, and their villages. This is the possession of the children of Benjamin by their families.E Sela, Eleph, e Jebus, o sia Gerusalemme, Gabaath, e Cariath: quattordici città coi loro villaggi. Questa è la porzione de' figliuoli di Beniamin distinti nelle loro famiglie.and Sela, Eleph, and Iebus, which is Ierusalem, Gabaath and Cariath: fourteenne cities, and their townes. This is the possession of the children of Beniamin by their families.et Sela, Eleph, et Jebus, quæ est Jerusalem, Gabaath et Cariath: civitates quatuordecim, et villæ earum. Hæc est possessio filiorum Benjamin juxta familias suas.
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Year of the World 2560.
Silo was delightfully situated, about the midst of the country, 12 miles south of Sichem. Hither the Israelites removed with the ark from Galgal after having had their camp in the latter place seven years at least; the Jews say 14. But Josue might reproach the Israelites for their indolence, (ver. 3,) without waiting seven years after the country was divided.
Calmet
Tabernacle. The Jews pretend that this was not the same as that set up by Moses; and others say that a house was built for the Lord at Silo, 1 Kings 1:23. But there seems to be no reason for these assertions. David informs us that the ark of the Lord was covered with skins, 2 Kings 7:2. If any repairs were found necessary for the tabernacle erected by Moses, they might be made. The ark was certainly in it till the Israelites unfortunately sent it into the camp, where it was taken by the Philistines. When they sent back the ark, it was deposited at Gabaa, and not in the tabernacle, which was at Silo. Then it was sent to Nobe. We find the tabernacle was at Gabaon some time after the ark was translated to Jerusalem. (Calmet)
Menochius
Them. They might, therefore, removed the ark into the interior, and measure the country without danger. (Menochius)
Calmet
The greatest part of the country had submitted to Josue. (Calmet)
18:3
Year of the World 1561[2561?], Year before Christ 1443.
Calmet
Slack. These seven tribes had been accustomed to live in indolence, having their food provided for them in a miraculous manner. They were perhaps afraid lest, if the army of Israel should be divided, the different tribes would be too weak to make head against the enemy. (Calmet)
Haydock
Josue had, however, made all things easy, and they might at their leisure conquer the few towns which yet remained in the hands of the Chanaanites, if they had not cherished this indolent disposition, which was so displeasing to God, and brought upon them so many evils. (Haydock)
18:4
Tribe: it is not clear whether any but these seven were concerned.
Calmet
Out. Josephus says, that people well skilled in geometry accompanied them. (Calmet)
Worthington
They had to mark out seven portions of land, which might suffice for these remaining tribes, (Haydock) who would receive them by lot, to take away all cause of discontent. They still received according to their numbers, Numbers 26:54. (Worthington)
18:5
North, with respect to Silo. Juda had taken possession of his territory, as well as the tribes of Joseph.
18:6
Challoner
The land in the midst, between these mark ye out into seven parts: that is to say the rest of the land, which is not already assigned to Juda or Joseph. (Challoner)
Haydock
For we must not suppose that Joseph occupied the most northern parts of the country, so as, with Juda on the south, to enclose all the other tribes. (Haydock)
Calmet
Hebrew, "As for you, you shall describe the land into seven parts." (Calmet)
Menochius
Only the tribe of Benjamin was between these two tribes, (ver. 11,) so that Serarius thinks that mediam has been substituted for aliam, "the other." (Menochius)
Lots. The deputies divided the country into seven portions, equal in goodness, though not in extent. After the lots were drawn, some alterations might be made by common consent, and those tribes which were too much straitened for room, received what was requisite among those who had too large a territory. Hence we find Joseph occupying the cities of Issachar, etc., chap 17:10. It was equally inconvenient to have too much or too little.
18:7
Calmet
Priesthood, and the rights attached to it, tithes, etc. (Calmet)
Menochius
It was therefore necessary to make eight portions. (Menochius)
18:9
Book. Hebrew, "described it, according to the cities, into seven parts, in a volume," (Haydock) or table, resembling a map. The ancients commonly wrote on boards covered with wax, and engraved on stone, lead, etc.
18:11
Calmet
First. A person might proclaim that the tribe, whose name was drawn first out of the urn, should have the territory which was described in the book by the land surveyors; or the names of the seven tribes might be in one urn, and seven parcels of land in another. (Calmet)
18:12
Menochius
Bethaven, or Bethel. Josephus says, (Antiquities 5:3,) that the territory of Benjamin extended as far as the Mediterranean: but it only went to Ataroth, ver. 13. (Menochius)
18:15
Haydock
Sea, on the west. (Haydock)
The northern limits of Juda form the southern ones of Benjamin, only here Josue proceeds in a contrary direction, from west to east. (Menochius) See Josue 15:5, 8.
18:16
Calmet
Part. Hebrew, "end, or summit." (Calmet)
Button
That is, etc., an explication added by St. Jerome. Some say this dreadful vale (Haydock) was on the south of Jerusalem. (Button.)
18:18
Hills. Hebrew Geliloth, "the limits," (Calmet) or Galgal, on the road to Jerusalem from Jericho, and different from that where the Israelites encamped, Josue 15:7.
Adommim is a narrow pass in the vicinity, much infested with robbers.
Abenboen. The explication is alone given, Josue 15:6.
Haydock
Plain. Septuagint, "and it shall pass by Betharaba, on the south from the north, and it shall descend." Grabe supplies "to Araba;" or the plain desert country. (Haydock)
Haydock
Betharaba is, in effect, mentioned as one of the cities of Benjamin, (ver. 22,) as it had before been assigned to Juda, (Calmet) being inhabited by both tribes. (Haydock)
18:19
Haydock
Towards, (contra linguam) " the bay on the north," etc. (Haydock)
There is another on the south, Josue 15:2.
18:21
Calmet
Vale of Casis, "incision," so called, as some pretend, on account of the balm, which was extracted by cutting the bark with a stone, or with glass. But this etymology seems too far fetched, and there is no proof that balm was cultivated there in the days of Josue. (Calmet)
Menochius
Some of the cities of Benjamin have been here omitted, as two others are mentioned, Josue 21:18. (Menochius)
18:24
Ophni, the Gophna so celebrated in latter times, fifteen miles from Gabaa. St. Jerome attributes it to Ephraim, as perhaps it was chiefly inhabited by people of that tribe.
Josephus
Gabee. The wickedness of its citizens almost involved the whole tribe in destruction, Judges xix. It was twenty mile north of Jerusalem. (Josephus, [Antiquities?] 5:2.)
18:26
Mesphe, where Samuel assembled the people, 1 Kings 7:5. It was regarded as a place of devotion, while the temple was in the hands of the profane, 1 Machabees 3:46.
18:28
Jebus. The city was called Salem in the days of Abraham, Genesis 14:18., and Psalm 75:3. St. Jerome supposes that Melchisedec resided near Scythopolis, at Salem. (Genesis 33:17., ep. ad Evag.) Usher thinks he lived at Salim, John 3:23.
Calmet
Gabaath. There seems to have been two cities of this name; one famous for the tomb of Habacuc, (St. Jerome) and the other in the tribe of Ephraim, Josue 24:33. (Calmet)
18:6
18:4
Not equal bu• proportionable partes were assigned, for so it was commanded. Num. 26. v. 54. To the greater number to geue a greater portion, and to the fewer a lesse.
18:6
After the portions were appointed by mens industrie & discretion, God confirmed the same by lotte, to take away al occasiō of discontentment.
18:1
san Gregorio Nazianzeno † 389 d.C. Select Orations of Saint Gregory Nazianzen 42.26
26. Farewell my Anastasia, whose name is redolent of piety: for thou hast raised up for us the doctrine which was in contempt: farewell, scene of our common victory, modern Shiloh,
18:28
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. Expositions on the Book of Psalms 62.4
… But when Jerusalem was being builded, it was not builded in a place where there was not a city, but there was a city at first which was called Jebus, whence the Jebusites. This having been captured, overcome, made subject, there was builded a new city, as though the old were thrown down; and it was called Jerusalem,
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. Expositions on the Book of Psalms 65.2
… They are mingled, and from the very beginning of mankind mingled they run on unto the end of the world. Jerusalem received beginning through Abel, Babylon through Cain: for the buildings of the cities were afterwards erected. That Jerusalem in the land of the Jebusites was builded: for at first it used to be called Jebus,
18:1
CONGREGATI SUNT OMNES FILII ISRAEL IN SILO (Silo est mons altissimus, et civitas in monte), IBIQUE FIXERUNT TABERNACULUM TESTIMONII; — in quo scilicet erat testimonium, id est, tabulae legis cum arca et Cherubim. Hinc patet arcam et cum arca castra Hebraeorum e Galgalis fuisse translata in Silo, quae erat in tribu Ephraim, ex qua erat dux Josue. Par enim erat ut arca esset in tribu Ducis, ac Ducem populus sequeretur, praesertim quia Silo erat juxta Jerusalem (ab ea enim distabat duabus leucis sive horis duntaxat) in qua Deus sibi sedem templumque statuere decreverat. Mansit arca in Silo 350 annis et amplius, puta a Josue usque ad Samuelem, I Reg. xiv, 3. Rabbini putant hanc arcae e Galgalis translationem factam anno 14 ducatus Josue, indeque computant annos Jubilaeos, quos ipsi numerant 17, puta 850 annos quibus Hebraeos terram promissam occupasse ipsi asserunt; sed hallucinantur in multis. Verius Torniellus et alii censent hanc arcae translationem factam post septem annorum bella, puta anno octavo ducatus Josue. Tunc enim Josue Chananaaam a se debellatam pacifice possedit, eamque inter duodecim tribus distribuit; quare tunc singuli domos incolere vineasque et agros excolere coeperunt. Tunc ergo pariter leges et ceremoniae a Deo praescriptae per Mosen in praxin inductae sunt, ac consequenter ritus anni septimi, pariter et quinquagesimi, sive Jubilaei, quos ipsi numerant 17, puta 850 annos. Igitur annus octavus Josue (non primus, quo ingressus Chananaaam expugnavit Jerichuntem, uti nonnulli volunt) fuit exordium horum annorum: ab illo enim numerari coeperunt anni tam Sabbatici, quam Jubilaei, juxta legem a Deo sanctitam Levit. xxv, 2 et seq., uti ibidem ostendi.
18:2
2. REMANSERANT AUTEM FILIORUM ISRAEL SEPTEM TRIBUS, QUAE NECDUM ACCEPERANT POSSESSIONES SUAS. — Id factum est, partim ex torpore et ignavia septem tribuum, hanc enim eis objicit Josue versu sequenti; partim quod eis oborta fuerit suspicio priorem terrae sanctae dimensionem non satis aeque esse factam, in eaque a mensoribus commissum esse errorem; nam ut is emendetur, Josue denuo mittit novos descriptores, qui septem tribubus exactius restantem terram dimetiantur, et in septem regiones distribuant.
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3. AD QUOS JOSUE AIT: USQUEQUO MARCETIS IGNAVIA? etc. — Solet labore fessos corripere sopor et torpor; sic hic Israelitas bello septennali fatigatos invasit ignavia ad mittendum Geometras, qui Chananaaam reliquam in septem partes aeque septem tribubus partirentur. Non ergo significat hic Josue multum temporis, scilicet septem annos inter priorem et posteriorem hanc Chananaae divisionem intercessisse, ut volunt Rabbini, et eos secuti Masius et Magalianus: tantam enim moram et ignaviam nec tulisset Josue, nec Hebraei. Quis enim eos tam numerosos (erant enim plusquam decies centena millia hominum in septem hisce tribubus) aluisset, nisi ipsi singuli terram, quae sortitione sibi obvenerat, arassent, seminassent, coluissent? Tantum ergo urget eos, ut illico missis agrimensoribus terram dividant, ut divisa septem tribubus sortitione distribuatur; ne ipsae caeteris tribubus, quae jam suas sortes possidebant, litem moveant, aut eorum limites invadant et depradentur. Otium enim est causa indigentiae, indigentia est causa furti et rapinae.
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4. DESCRIBANT EAM JUXTA NUMERUM UNIUSCUJUSQUE MULTITUDINIS, — id est, juxta numerum tribuum, ut scilicet pro septem tribubus terram describant et dividant in totidem portiones sive regiones, sed ita ut numerosiori tribui major vel melior terrae portio assignari queat. Ita se explicat versu sequenti: jaciebantur enim sortes pro quantitate tribus, ut si illa esset magna, regio sorte dilatari; si parva, regio sorte arctari posset.
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6. MEDIAM INTER HOS TERRAM IN SEPTEM PARTES DESCRIBITE. — To mediam inter hos non est in Hebraeo, Chaldaeo et Septuaginta; nam etiam ultra sortem tribuum Ephraim et Manasse, sors septem tribuum extendebatur usque ad Libanum. Unde aliqui suspicantur hic esse mendum, et corrigendum sic, reliquam inter vos. Et sane to mediam exponendum est reliquam. Reliqua enim terrae pars erat media, vel inter Judaeos et Josephitas, vel inter Josephitas et Libanum, vel inter Judaeos et Idumaeos. Si enim erant limites terrae Hebraeis promissae, a Deo statuti.
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7. SED SACERDOTIUM DOMINI EST EORUM HAEREDITAS. — «Sacerdotium,» id est, Sacerdotalis proventus, puta oblationes, victimae, primitiae, vota, quae sacerdotibus ex lege dari debebant, erant quasi haereditas Levitarum; inde enim vivebant, quia non habebant portionem terrae, uti caeterae tribus.
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9. REVERSIQUE SUNT AD JOSUE IN CASTRA SILO. — Josephus ait eos septem mensibus occupatos fuisse in hac terrae descriptione, ac septimo mense ad Josue in Siluntem reversos.
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14. ET INCLINATUR. — Hebraice תאר taar, id est delineatur, figuratur cum aliqua inclinatione et flexu. Unde Masius vertit, gyrabat; Tigurina, reflectit.
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16. DESCENDITQUE IN PARTEM MONTIS, QUI RESPICIT VALLEM FILIORUM ENNOM. — «Montis,» scilicet Moria, ut dixi cap. xv, 8.
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18. ET PERTRANSIT USQUE AD TUMULOS. — Hebraice usque ad Geliloth, quod Noster vertit Tumulos. To Tumulos ergo hic est nomen proprium urbis, vel loci ita dicti ab acervis vel tumulis arenarum vel lapidum, etc. Vide dicta supra cap. xv vers. 7.
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21. VALLIS CASIS. — Hebraice קציץ kasis, quae vox significat exscisionem vel finem. Est nomen proprium vallis et urbis in ea sitae, quod illa divisa et quasi discissa foret. Unde Masius vertit, vallis abrupta, vel planities discissa. Alii vertunt, vallis incisionis, quod in ea balsamum non ferro, sed acuto vitro, osse vel lapide incideretur; si ferro enim incidatur, frutex emoritur, ait Plinius lib. XII, cap. xxv, et Josephus, lib. XIV Antiq. cap. i. Erat enim vallis haec non procul a Jerichuntem quae sola ferebat balsamum, ut docet Josephus ibidem.
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ARCA (DELL'ALLEANZA), ARCA DELLA TESTIMONIANZA
L'A., costruita da Beseleel (v.) poco dopo l'uscita dall'Egitto (Ex. 37, 1-9), sostò dapprima nel Tabernacolo (v.) mosaico, seguì gli Israeliti nel deserto, poi fu in Silo fino a Samuele (Ios. 18, 1.8-10; Iudc. 20, 18. 27; 21, 2. 19; I Sam. 1, 3. 21. 24; 2, 14); da Silo veniva portata come pegno di protezione divina nella battaglia (Iudc. 20, 18 (ebr.). 28; II Sam. 4, 3; I Sam. 11, …
TABERNACOLO (TENDA) DI RIUNIONE (EBR. 'ŌHEL, PER LO PIÙ SEGUITO DA MĒ'ĒDH: « T. DA CONVEGNO »)
… fu eretto e consacrato da Mosè: la nuvola-gloria di Jahweh l'avvolse prendendone possesso (Ex. 40). Il T. seguì gli Israeliti nelle loro vicende dal deserto alla Terra Santa: in Galgala (Ios. 4, 19; 5, 10; 9, 6; 10, 6 sg. 9, 15, 43; 14, 6); in Silo (ibid. 18, 1; 19, 51; Iudc. 18, 31; 21, 19; I Sam. 1-4; 14, 3; Ps. 78, 60); in Nobe (I Sam. 21, 1); in Gabaon (I Par. 16, 39; 21, 29; II Par. 1, 3); sul Sion (I Reg. 3, 4). Costruito il Tempio, …
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… montuosa, monotona, solcata da ampi letti di corsi d'acqua quasi sempre asciutti, da Hebron sino a Cadesbarne, oggi 'Ajn Qudeis (cf. Gen. 18, 1; Num. 13, 20). In seguito, passò a significare il sud della Palestina (Gen. 12, 9; 13, 1; Ios. 15, 8; 18, 5).
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ROGEL (EBR. 'EN-RIGHÈL « FONTE DEL GUALCHERAIO » O « DEL PASSANTE » ?)
ROGEL (ebr. 'En-righèl « fonte del gualcheraio » o « del passante » ?). - Nome di una fonte delimitante, a sud dell'antica città di Gerusalemme, il territorio della tribù di Giuda da quello di Beniamin (Ios. 15, 7; 18, 6) vicino a 'Ebhen haz-Zöheleth (« pietra serpentina », da zhl « sdruciolare, serpeggiare ») e dove Adonia, figlio di David, cospirò contro il padre per farsi proclamare re (I Reg. 1, 9).
… dito per mostrare la strada », onde « indicare » (Gen. 46, 28) o « dirigere » (Iudc. 13, 8). La spiegazione di J. Wellhausen, seguito da W. Nowack, I. Benzinger, che t. proviene dal significato specifico di jârah e hôrah « gettare » le sorti (Jos. 18, 6; le frecce: I Sam. 20, 30, 36), uso accostato alla consultazione con l'ephod o gli 'ârimtummim, per cui t. denoterebbe originariamente la « direttiva » ottenuta dal sacerdote …
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… Mosè di potersi fissare nel territorio dei re vinti e ne ottenne la concessione assumendosi l'impegno di partecipare con tutte le tribù alla conquista di Canaan (ibid. 32, 33-42; cf. 1, 32; 34, 14-15; Deut. 3, 12-13; 29, 8; Ios. 1, 12-8; 12, 4-6; 18, 7). Il territorio assegnato da Mosè nella Transgiordania si estendeva dal sud da Mahanaim (v.) sul Iaboc, sino alle pendici del monte Hermon al nord, comprendendo il Galaad superiore …
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ARCA (DELL'ALLEANZA), ARCA DELLA TESTIMONIANZA
… Dinanzi all'A., cioè «dinanzi a Jahweh» (Ios. 18, 8, ecc.) si veniva a pregare e offrire i sacrifici (I Sam. 1; 2, 19; 6, 15): l'A. era il centro del culto.
SILO (EBR. ŠILŌ O ŠILŌH, GR. ΣΗΛΏ, ΣΗΛΏΝ)
Conquistata dagli Ebrei, divenne centro dell'attività di Giosuè e delle assemblee d'Israele (Ios. 18, 8-10; 19,51; 21,2; 22,9-12). La presenza dell'Arca e del Tabernacolo fece di S. una meta di pellegrinaggi (I Sam. 1,4); in occasione di una festa annuale i Beniaminiti rapirono le ragazze …
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… Le sue principali città erano: Bethel, Gabaon, Gerico e soprattutto Gerusalemme (Ios. 18, 11-28). Era bellicosa, ardimentosa ed ostinata (Gen. 49, 27). Aod (v.) è beniamina (Iudc. 3, 15-30). I guerrieri di B. partecipano alla battaglia decisiva contro i Cananei del nord, con …
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… Servi di confine tra Giuda e Beniamin (Ios. 15, 8; 18, 15 sg.). …
Il territorio assegnatole confinava a nord con Dan e Beniamin (Ios. 18, 15-19; 19, 40-46) : una linea a curve irregolari che dalla foce del Giordano arriva a Minet Rûbîn sul mare; il Mar Morto era il limite orientale, il Mediterraneo quello occidentale; a sud …
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II. DALLA CONQUISTA DI DAVID ALLA DISTRUZIONE (1000-587 a. C.). - Quando il re David (v.) risolvè di riunire le diverse frazioni del popolo, l'indipendenza di Urusalim, isolata fra le tribù confinanti di Giuda e di Beniamin (Ios. 15, 8; 18, 16) fu compromessa dal fatto che essa occupava il sito più favorevole a divenire il centro politico e religioso del Regno. …
… Appare nel tracciato del confine tra le tribù di Giuda e di Beniamin, ma a sud di esso (Jos. 15, 8; 18, 16). Erroneamente pertanto Eusebio (tradotto da s. Girolamo) la pone nella tribù di Beniamin a nord di Gerusalemme. …
… e non pochi palestinologi opinano che il suo primitivo nome fosse Gè Ben Hinnóm, quello cioè della «valle» che dal sud al nord, lungo «il fianco del Gebuseo, cioè di Gerusalemme», delimitava i confini della tribù di Giuda e di Beniamin (Ios. 15, 8; 18, 16). Più tardi, dilatatasi la città sulla collina occidentale, il vecchio nome geografico di Gè Ben Hinnóm sarebbe passato ad indicare la valle (v. GEHENNA), oggi er-Rabâhl, che circonda …
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… Designa (in opposizione alla «montagna» har, alla «pianura bassa» šēfēlāh, al «mezzogiorno» nēgēbh: Ios. 11, 16; 12, 8) la depressione (o tratti di essa) estendentesi dal sud dell'Hermon al Golfo Elanitico (p. es.: Ios. 8, 14; 11, 2. 16; 12, 1. 3. 8; 18, 18) lungo la valle del Giordano, il Mar Morto, e da questo al Mar Rosso. …
ADOMMIM (EBR. MA'ALEH-ADUMMIM «SALITA DEI ROSSI», CIOÈ «SALITA ROSSA»)
… Ma'aleh-Adummim «salita dei rossi», cioè «salita rossa»). - Località che segnò il confine settentrionale della tribù di Giuda con quella di Beniamin (Ios. 15, 7; 18, 18).
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… Più frequentemente è detto Jâm ham-melah (Volg.: « mare salis » o « salissimum ») in opposizione alle acque dolci del Giordano (Num. 34, 3; Ios. 15, 2; 18, 19). In Gen. 14, 3 questa denominazione se-
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GERICO (EBR. JĒRIKŌ, AR. ERIKAH)
Assegnata da Giosuè alla tribù di Beniamin (Ios. 16, 17), l'oasi fu ripopolata con il nome di «città delle palme» (Ios. 18, 21; Iudc. 3, 19; II Par. 28, 25). Eglon re di Moab ne fece la sua residenza per 18 anni (Iudc. 3, 13); gli emissari di David vi si fermarono finché non scomparve lo sfregio fatto …
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EPHREM. - Città vicina al deserto, dove Gesù si ritirò con i suoi discepoli dopo il miracolo della resurrezione di Lazzaro (Io. 11, 54). Generalmente è identificata con Ophera (Jos. 18, 23), con Ephraim vicino a Baal-Hasor, dove al tempo della tosatura delle pecore Absalom tenne un convito (II Sam. 23, 23), con Ephron occupata da Abia (II Par. 13, 19), con Aferema, capoluogo …
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2. G. nella tribù di Beniamin (Ios. 18, 24; 21, 11; I Par. 6, 60), oggi Geba', a 10 km. a nord-est di Gerusalemme nelle vicinanze di Rama (er-Râm). …
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Città levitica (Ios. 21, 17) della tribù di Beniamin (Ios. 18, 25), fu teatro di combattimenti feroci fra i parrigiani di Saul e quelli di David (II Sam. 12, 16) presso la grande piscina - «le grandi acque di G.» (Ier. 41, 46) - riconoscibile ancor …
MASPHA (EBR. MĪSPĀH « VEDETTA »)
5. Città nella tribù di Beniamin, non lontana da Rama (Ios. 18, 25-26). Fu il luogo di riunione degli Ebrei dopo il fatto di Gabaa, dove la moglie del levita ebbe un'ignominiosa morte (Iudc. 20, 1-2), e in seguito di altre (I Sam. 7, 5-14; 10, 47). Fu …
RAMA (EBR. HĀ-RĀMĀH « L'ALTURA »)
1. R. nella tribù di Beniamin (Ios. 18, 25) sulla via Gerusalemme-Bethel (Iudc. 4, 5), a nord di Gabaa (Iudc. 19, 13; 1 Sam. 25, 6), posto avanzato a sud del Regno d'Israele e fortificato dal re Baasa (I Reg. 15, 17; II Par. …
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… Il nome di E. è assai dubbio, giacché la versione latina porta Amasa, che corrisponde ad Amosa di Ios. 18, 26, identificata con il villaggio di Qolānijjeh a 6,5 km. da Gerusalemme.
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… città di Gerusalemme, da essi designata, secondo un uso antico, Jēbhūs (Iudc. 19, 10; I Par. 11, 4). Il loro Re fu ucciso da Giosuè (Ios. 10, 23-26), ma gli I. resistettero a tutti gli attacchi della tribù di Beniamin, a cui era stata assegnata la città (Ios. 18, 28), come pure alla confinante tribù di Giuda (Ios. 15, 63; Iudc. 1, 21; 19, 11), e rimasero nella città anche dopo la conquista di David (II Sam. 5, 6-7).
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.