He maketh the altar of holocaust. The brazen laver. The court with its pillars and hangings. The sum of what the people offered.
The same Beseleel maketh the Altar of Holocauste. 8. the brasen lauer. 9. the court with pillers and hanginges. 21. The giftes that were offered are recited.
1He made also the altar of holocaust of setim wood, five cubits square, and three in height:Fece anche l'altare degli olocausti di legno di setim: egli avea cinque cubiti in quadro, ed era alto tre cubiti,HE MADE also the Altar of Holocauste of the wood setim, fiue cubites foure square, and three in height:Fecit et altare holocausti de lignis setim, quinque cubitorum per quadrum, et trium in altitudine: 2The horns whereof went out from the corners, and he overlaid it with plates of brass.Dagli angoli del quale uscivano le corna, e lo ricoperse con lame di bronzo.the hornes wherof did procede from the corners, and he couered it with plates of brasse.cujus cornua de angulis procedebant, operuitque illum laminis æneis. 3And for the uses thereof, he prepared divers vessels of brass, cauldrons, tongs, fleshhooks, pothooks and firepans.E strumenti diversi di rame preparò per uso di esso, caldaie, molle, forchette, uncini, e caldani.And for the vses therof he prepared of brasse diuers vessels, cauldrons, tonges, fleshhookes, pothookes, & firepannes.Et in usus ejus paravit ex ære vasa diversa, lebetes, forcipes, fuscinulas, uncinos, et ignium receptacula. 4And he made the grate thereof of brass, in manner of a net, and under it in the midst of the altar a hearth,E gli fece la sua graticola di bronzo in forma di rete, e sotto di essa in mezzo all'altare un focolare,And the grate therof in maner of nette he made of brasse, and vnder it in the middes of the altar an hearth,Craticulamque ejus in modum retis fecit æneam, et subter eam in altaris medio arulam, 5Casting four rings at the four ends of the net at the top, to put in bars to carry it:Avendo fatti di getto quattro anelli da mettere ai quattro angoli per passarvi le stanghe per il trasporto:casting foure ringes at as manie toppes of the nette, to put in barres to carie it:fusis quatuor annulis per totidem retiaculi summitates, ad immittendos vectes ad portandum: 6And he made the bars of setim wood, and overlaid them with plates of brass:Le quali stanghe fece pur di legno di setim, e le coperse di lame d'oro:the which themselues also he made of the wood setim, and couered them with plates of brasse:quos et ipsos fecit de lignis setim, et operuit laminis æneis: 7And he drew them through the rings that stood out in the sides of the altar. And the altar itself was not solid, but hollow, of boards, and empty within.E le fece passare per gli anelli, che spuntavano da' lati dell'altare. L'altare poi non era massiccio, ma scavato, e voto di dentro, e fatto di tavole.and he drew them through the ringes, that stoode out in the sides of the altar. And the altar it selfe was not massie, but holow of bordes, and within emptie.induxitque in circulos, qui in lateribus altaris eminebant. Ipsum autem altare non erat solidum, sed cavum ex tabulis, et intus vacuum.
8He made also the laver of brass, with the foot thereof, of the mirrors of the women that watched at the door of the tabernacle.Fece anche la vasca di rame, e la sua base degli specchi delle donne, le quali vegliavano alla porta del tabernacolo.He made also the lauer of brasse, with the foote therof, of wemens glasses, that watched in the doore of the tabernacle.Fecit et labrum æneum cum basi sua de speculis mulierum, quæ excubabant in ostio tabernaculi. 9He made also the court, in the south side whereof were hangings of fine twisted linen of a hundred cubits.Fece anche l'atrio, il quale dalla parte di mezzodì avea tende di bisso torto, lunge cento cubiti,He made also the court, in the south side wherof were hanginges of twisted silke, of an hundred cubites,Fecit et atrium, in cujus australi plaga erant tentoria de bysso retorta, cubitorum centum, 10Twenty pillars of brass with their sockets, the heads of the pillars, and the whole graving of the work, of silver.Venti colonne di bronzo colle sue basi: i capitelli delle colonne, e tutti gli ornati erano d'argento.twentie pillers of brasse with their feete, the heades of the pillers, & the whole grauing of the worke, of siluer.columnæ æneæ viginti cum basibus suis, capita columnarum, et tota operis cælatura, argentea. 11In like manner at the north side the hangings, the pillars, and the sockets and heads of the pillars were of the same measure, and work and metal.Parimente dalla parte di settentrione eranvi le tendine, le colonne, e le basi, e i capitelli delle colonne, e avean la stessa misura, lo stesso lavoro, e lo stesso metallo.In like maner at the north side the hanginges, pillers, and feete and the heades of the pillers were of the same measure, and worke and metal.Æque ad septentrionalem plagam tentoria columnæ, basesque et capita columarum ejusdem mensuræ, et operis ac metalli, erant. 12But on that side that looketh to the west, there were hangings of fifty cubits, ten pillars of brass with their sockets, and the heads of the pillars, and all the graving of the work, of silver.Dalla parte poi, che guarda a occidente v'erano le cortine di cinquanta cubiti, dieci colonne di bronzo colle loro basi; e i capitelli delle colonne, e tutti gli ornati d'argento.But on that side that looketh to the West, there were hanginges of fiftie cubites, ten brasen pillers with their feete, and the heades of the pillers, and al the grauing of the worke, of siluer.In ea vero plaga, quæ ad occidentem respicit, fuerunt tentoria cubitorum quinquaginta, columnæ decem cum basibus suis æneæ, et capita columnarum, et tota operis cælatura, argentea.
13Moreover, towards the east he prepared hangings of fifty cubits:Verso l'oriente poi pose delle tende di cinquanta cubiti:Moreouer against the East he prepared haginges of fiftie cubites:Porro contra orientem quinquaginta cubitorum paravit tentoria: 14Fifteen cubits of which, were on one side with three pillars, and their sockets:Dove uno de' lati teneva tendine di quindici cubiti, e tre colonne colle sue basi:of the which, one side conteyned fistene cubites of three pillers, with their feete:e quibus, quindecim cubitos columnarum trium, cum basibus suis, unum tenebat latus: 15And on the other side (for between the two he made the entry of the tabernacle) there were hangings equally of fifteen cubits, and three pillars, and as many sockets.E dall'altro lato (avendo posto di tramezzo l'ingresso del tabernacolo) erano tendine parimente di quindici cubiti, e tre colonne con altrettante basi.and on the other side (because betwen both he made the entrie of the tabernacle) there were hanginges equally of fiftene cubites, and three pillers, and feete as manie.et in parte altera (quia inter utraque introitum tabernaculi fecit) quindecim æque cubitorum erant tentoria, columnæque tres, et bases totidem. 16All the hangings of the court were woven with twisted linen.Tutte le tende dell'atrio erano tessute di bisso torto.Al the hanginges of the court were wouen of twisted silke.Cuncta atrii tentoria byssus retorta texuerat. 17The sockets of the pillars were of brass, and their heads with all their gravings of silver: and he overlaid the pillars of the court also with silver.Le basi delle colonne erano di bronzo, e i loro capitelli co' loro ornati erano d'argento; e le colonne stesse dell'atrio furon ricoperte d'argento.The feete of the pillers were of brasse, and their heades with al their grauinges of siluer: but the pillers also of the court them selues he plated with siluer.Bases columnarum fuere æneæ, capita autem earum cum cunctis cælaturis suis argentea: sed et ipsas columnas atrii vestivit argento. 18And he made in the entry thereof an embroidered hanging of violet, purple, scarlet, and fine twisted linen, that was twenty cubits long, and five cubits high, according to the measure of all the hangings of the court.E al suo ingresso fece una tenda di lavoro di ricamo di jacinto, di porpora, di scarlatto, e di bisso torto, la quale avea venti cubiti di lunghezza, e cinque d'altezza secondo la misura di tutte le tende dell'atrio.And in the entrie therof he made with embrodered worke a hanging of hyacinth, purple, scarlet, and twisted silke, that had twentie cubites in length, but the height was fiue cubites according to the measure, which al the hanginges of the court had.Et in introitu ejus opere plumario fecit tentorium ex hyacintho, purpura, vermiculo, ac bysso retorta, quod habebat viginti cubitos in longitudine, altitudo vero quinque cubitorum erat juxta mensuram, quam cuncta atrii tentoria habebant.
19And the pillars in the entry were four, with sockets of brass, and their heads and gravings of silver.All'ingresso poi erano quattro colonne colle basi di bronzo: e i loro capitelli, e gli ornati d'argentoAnd the pillers in the entrie were foure with feete of brasse, and their heades and grauinges of siluer.Columnæ autem in ingressu fuere quatuor cum basibus æneis, capitaque earum et cælaturæ argenteæ. 20The pins also of the tabernacle and of the court round about he made of brass.I chiodi ancora del tabernacolo, e dell'atrio all'intorno li fece di bronzo.The pinnes also of the tabernacle and of tpe court round about he made of brasse.Paxillos quoque tabernaculi et atrii per gyrum fecit æneos. 21These are the instruments of the tabernacle of the testimony, which were counted according to the commandment of Moses, in the ceremonies of the Levites, by the hand of Ithamar, son of Aaron the priest:Queste sono le parti componenti il tabernacolo del testamento, delle quali fu preso registro secondo l'ordine di Mosè, e furon consegnate ai Leviti per mano d'Ithamar sacerdote figliuolo d'Aronne:These are the iustrumentes of the taberbacle of testimonie, which were numbred according to the precept of Moyses, in the ceremonies of the Leuites by the hand of Ithamar the sonne of Aaron the priest:Hæc sunt instrumena tabernaculi testimonii, quæ enumerata sunt juxta præceptum Moysi in cæremoniis Levitarum per manum Ithamar filii Aaron sacerdotis: 22Which Beseleel, the son of Uri, the son of Hur of the tribe of Juda, had made, as the Lord commanded by Moses.Le quali erano state lavorate da Beseleel figliuolo di Uri figliuolo di Hur della tribù di Giuda, secondo l'ordine dato da Dio per bocca di Mosè,which Beseleel the sonne of Vri, the sonne of Hur, of the tribe of Iuda had accomplished, as our Lord commanded by Moyses,quæ Beseleel filius Uri filii Hur de tribu Juda, Domino per Moysen jubente, compleverat, 23Having for his companion Ooliab, the son of Achisamech, of the tribe of Dan: who also was an excellent artificer in wood, and worker in tapestry and embroidery in violet, purple, scarlet, and fine linen.Avendo preso per compagno Ooliab figliuolo d'Achisamech della tribù di Dan: che fu anch'egli uomo insigne nel lavorare il legname, e i drappi a varii colori, e di ricamo in giacinto, porpora, scarlatto e bisso.hauing ioyned to him selfe for his compagnion Ooliab the sonne of Achisamech of the tribe of Dan: who was himself also an egregious artificer in wood, and a tapister and embroderer of hyacinth, purple, scarlet, and silke.juncto sibi socio Ooliab filio Achisamech de tribu Dan: qui et ipse artifex lignorum egregius fuit, et polymitarius atque plumarius ex hyacintho, purpura, vermiculo et bysso.
24All the gold that was spent in the work of the sanctuary, and that was offered in gifts, was nine and twenty talents, and seven hundred and thirty sicles according to the standard of the sanctuary.Tutto l'oro, che si consumò nel lavoro del santuario, e che fu offerto in doni, fu la somma di ventinove talenti, e di settecento trenta sicli a peso del santuario.Al the gold that was spent in the worke of the Sanctuarie, and that was offered in donaries, was nine and twentie talentes, and seuen hundred thirtie sicles according to the measure of the Sanctuarie.Omne aurum quod expensum est in opere sanctuarii, et quod oblatum est in donariis, viginti novem talentorum fuit, et septingentorum triginta siclorum ad mensuram sanctuarii. 25And it was offered by them that went to be numbered, from twenty years old and upwards, of six hundred and three thousand five hundred and fifty men able to bear arms.Da quelli poi, che furono catastati di venti anni in là, che fu il numero di seicento tre mila, e cinquecento cinquanta armati,And it was offered of them that passed to the number, from twentie yeares and vpward, of six hundred three thousand, and fiue hundred fiftie, able men to beare armes.Oblatum est autem ab his qui transierunt ad numerum a viginti annis et supra, de sexcentis tribus millibus et quingentis quinquaginta armatorum. 26There were moreover a hundred talents of silver, whereof were cast the sockets of the sanctuary, and of the entry where the veil hangeth.Fu pagata la somma di cento talenti d'argento, dei quali furono fatte le basi (delle colonne) del santuario, e l'ingresso, dov'è il velo pendente.There were moreouer an hundred talentes of siluer, wherof were cast the feete of the Sanctuarie, and of the entrie where the velle hangeth.Fuerunt præterea centum talenta argenti e quibus conflatæ sunt bases sanctuarii, et introitus, ubi velum pendet. 27A hundred sockets were made of a hundred talents, one talent being reckoned for every socket.Furono fatte le cento basi de' cento talenti, dando per ogni base un talento.An hundred feete were made of an hundred talentes, one talent being accoūted for euerie foote.Centum bases factæ sunt de talentis centum, singulis talentis per bases singulas supputatis. 28And of the thousand seven hundred and seventy-five he made the heads of the pillars, which also he overlaid with silver.E de' mille settecento settantacinque (sicli) fece i capitelli delle colonne, le quali parimente vestì d'argento.And of the thousand seuen hundred, and seuentie fiue he made the heades of the pillers, which them selues he also plated with siluer.De mille autem septingentis et septuaginta quinque, fecit capita columnarum, quas et ipsas vestivit argento.
29And there were offered of brass also seventy-two thousand talents, and four hundred sicles besides,Di rame ancora furono offerti settanta talenti, più due mila, e quattrocento sicli,Of brasse also there were offered seuentie two thousand talentes, and foure hundred sicles besides,Æris quoque oblata sunt talenta septuaginta duo millia, et quadringenti supra sicli, 30Of which were cast the sockets in the entry of the tabernacle of the testimony, and the altar of brass with the grate thereof, and also the vessels that belong to the use thereof.Co' quali furon fatte di getto le basi (delle colonne) all'ingresso del tabernacolo del testamento, e l'altare di rame colla sua graticola, e tutti gli strumenti per servizio di esso,of the which were cast the feete in the entrie of the tabernacle of testimonie, and the altar of brasse with the grate therof, and al the vessel, that pertayne to the vse therof,ex quibus fusæ sunt bases in introitu tabernaculi testimonii, et altare æneum cum craticula sua, omniaque vasa quæ ad usum ejus pertinent, 31And the sockets of the court as well round about as in the entry thereof, and the pins of the tabernacle, and of the court round about.E le basi dell'atrio tanto le interiori, quanto quelle dell'ingresso, e i chiodi del tabernacolo, e dell'atrio tutti quanti.and the feete of the court aswel in the circuite as in the entire therof, and the pinnes of the tabernacle and of the court, round about.et bases atrii tam in circuitu quam in ingressu ejus, et paxilli tabernaculi atque atrii per gyrum.
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Year of the World 2514.
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Pliny
Mirrors. Formerly all sorts of metal, silver, copper, tin, etc., were used for mirrors, till the Europeans began to make them of glass. The best were made of a mixture of copper and tin. (Pliny, [Natural History?] 33:9.)
Calmet
Watched. Hebrew, served like soldiers: fasting and praying, according to the Septuagint and Chaldean. These devout women came thither with great alacrity, to shew their affection towards God, and to consecrate to his service what had hitherto served to nourish vanity. Such were the virgins, mentioned [in] 2 Machabees 3:19, and those who were abused by the sons of Heli, 1 Kings 2:22. Ann, the prophetess, and our blessed Lady[Virgin Mary], were thus also employed in the temple, Luke 2:37. Women kept watch, singing and dancing before the palace of the Persian kings. (Calmet)
Tirinus
When the tabernacle was fixed at Silo, small apartments were probably built for the convenience of these pious women. (Tirinus)
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Calmet
Brass. The Hebrew does not say the pillars were of brass, but only the bases. The body was of wood, encircled with silver, ver. 12. See Exodus 27:10. (Calmet)
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Haydock
The, etc. Some render the Hebrew, "The bases of the pillars were of brass, the hooks of the pillars and circles were of silver, their chaptrels were covered with silver." Bonfrere supposes that the pillars were of the Ionic order, and that the chaptrels here designate the summit or abacus; while the hooks (vuim) mean the voluta, (Menochius) or bolster, representing the head-dress of virgins in their long hair. (Vitruvius) (Haydock)
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Gifts, voluntarily. The following verse mentions what arose from the tax of half a sicle per head, chap 30:13.
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Du Hamel
And it, etc. Hebrew is rather more express, "And the silver given by those who were numbered, was a hundred talents, 1775 sicles of the weight of the sanctuary, ver. 26. They gave each half a sicle, paid by all those who were 20 years old and upwards, amounting to 603,550 men." Hence the talent would weigh exactly 3000 sicles, (Calmet) or 12,000 drachmas. Some say that the common talent weighed 100 pounds, and that of the sanctuary 120, each pound containing 25 sicles. (Du Hamel)
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Seventy. Hebrew confines the number of talents to 70, and allows "two thousand and four hundred sicles." The Greek interpreters vary.
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These wemen watched there for deuotion, and it semeth the same custome continued til Christs time. For Anna the widow obserued this state of life. Luc. ••
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St Gregory of Nazianzus † AD 389 Select Orations of Saint Gregory Nazianzen 40
XLV. But not yet perhaps is there formed upon your soul any writing good or bad; and you want to be written upon today, and formed by us unto perfection. Let us go within the cloud. Give me the tables of your heart; I will be your Moses, though this be a bold thing to say; I will write on them with the finger of God a new Decalogue.
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8. AND HE MADE A BRAZEN LAVER WITH ITS BASE OF THE MIRRORS OF THE WOMEN. — For "of the mirrors," in Hebrew it is bemarot, that is, in visions, or in mirrors, as if to say, He made a laver so polished and burnished that it was a mirror, by which indeed women and others coming to the tabernacle could see themselves. Thus Cajetan. But the Hebrew beth, that is "in," is often taken for min, that is "from," "of." Whence others everywhere translate it "of mirrors," which first, thus some explain it, not that the laver was made of mirrors, but that it had mirrors hanging around it, in which priests could see themselves reflected and observe whether they were sprinkled with blemishes. Others think the laver was made of mirrors, that is, of the bronze coverings of mirrors. Thus Abulensis. But all these are empty; for the Septuagint translates ek katoptron, and the Chaldean and others everywhere take specula (mirrors) by mar'it, and from these they properly think this laver for washing was made. Nor should it seem strange that these mirrors were made of bronze: for Pliny, book XXXIII, chapter ix, and book XXXIV, chapter xvii, teaches that once the best mirrors were Brundusian, made of tin and bronze, most carefully polished and burnished, but that silver ones were afterwards preferred. Some probably think these mirrors did not make up the whole laver, but were skillfully inserted around it and as if woven in, which seems sufficiently easy to construct and elegant, provided we admit that the laver consisted of these mirrors, not that they were merely hung upon or attached to the laver: for in a similar way golden cups are woven with diamonds and other gems, both for great value and for ornament and elegance; for of them it can truly be said that they are made or consist of diamonds, even if they consist mostly of gold. Note here the ancient devotion and practice by which pious holy women of old, especially when they dedicated themselves wholly to the service of God, consecrated to God together with themselves their mirrors and ornaments, by which before, now converted, they had served vanity and the world. Thus Sophia, mother-in-law, and Constantina, wife of the Emperor Mauritius, offered a crown in the church of God. Thus St. Ludgardis, a most holy and chaste matron, besides her patrimony, offered to the church the entire feminine adornment which she possessed in rich abundance, so that divine worship might be promoted thereby. Thus Pulcheria, daughter of Arcadius, built from her patrimony a noble temple for the Virgin Mother of God, in which she took care to preserve the garments of the Blessed Virgin with most magnificent honor, and adorned them with gems, jewels, and even her own garments; and so she devoted both her own things and herself and her virginity to the Blessed Virgin, and lived a religious life in the palace with her sister queens, and with her brother the Emperor Theodosius, and afterwards with her husband the Emperor Marcian, always with her virginity unharmed; and from this she administered the empire most piously and most happily under both, a woman leader of such a deed: Cedrenus and others are witnesses. Concerning Paula the Roman, St. Jerome writes in her epitaph that, as soon as she dedicated herself to God, she exchanged all her ornaments and indeed the entire feminine adornment for sacred furnishings. St. Elizabeth, daughter of King Andrew of Hungary and wife of the Landgrave of Thuringia, a matron of wondrous holiness, mother and handmaid of the poor, did the same, as can be seen in her Life. Hear also the Gentiles. Livia, wife of Augustus, dedicated in the Capitol a crystal of about 50 pounds: Pliny is witness, book XXXVII, chapter II. When the Romans decided to send a golden bowl to Delphi for the tenth part of the spoils, and they did not have gold at hand, immediately the matrons of their own accord removed golden ornaments from their bodies and accommodated them all, weighing eight talents, for the gift. And therefore it was decreed by the senate that in their praises a funeral oration should be held; Plutarch in Camillus is witness. WHICH KEPT WATCH AT THE DOOR OF THE TABERNACLE. — For which kept watch, the Septuagint translates, which fasted; the Chaldean, which prayed; Cajetan translates, exercising. The Hebrew tsobeath properly signifies which served as soldiers, or kept watch. There were therefore, says R. Abraham, in Israel women worshipping God, who, despising the vanity of the world, striving to please God alone, offered their vigil to the Lord, and came every day to the door of the tabernacle, that they might pray and hear the precepts of God, which afterwards, when this solemn tabernacle was built, and especially when the temple was constructed, was more in use: for then a certain dwelling was constructed at the door, or in the courtyard of the tabernacle for such pious women, devoted to prayer, fasting and service of the tabernacle: such was Anna the prophetess, Luke cap. II, vers. 27; and of these the Scripture speaks, I Kings cap. II, vers. 22, and II Maccabees cap. III, vers. 20. Among these lived and was educated the Blessed Virgin, after she was presented in the temple at three years of age. This was as it were a religious community of devout women of that time, which was as a type and shadow of our Religious women, who may rightly derive their origin and antiquity from these. Indeed, even the Gentiles instituted a similar community of virgins, who kept watch in temples and guarded the sacred fire of Vesta: whence they were called Vestals. Therefore the army of those serving is the multitude of religious virgins, who, presented in monasteries and temples in the very flower of their age, follow the standard of the Virgin Mother of God. For, as St. Chrysostom says, hom. 8 in Matt., The struggle against the devil is common to women and men, and often in such a conflict women have fought more strongly than men and have been distinguished by notable trophies. And to pass over other things, a weak woman in herself has a greater enemy, namely inconstancy and petulance of mind as much as of flesh, than a man: therefore the victory of a woman is more noble than that of a man. Who would not marvel at Thecla, Agnes, Catherine, Ursula? This, says St. Ambrose, lib. I Virgin., is that heavenly warfare, which the praising army of angels promises on earth. Hence that passage in Cant. cap. VII: What shalt thou see in the Sulamitess, but the choirs of camps! The congregations of virgins are like camps, because they wage war with the enemy; like choirs, because they sing divine praises, says Theodosius. Whence St. Ambrose above: What, says he, shall I say of the virgins of Bologna, who, leaving the hospitality of their parents, hasten as tireless soldiers of chastity in the tabernacles of Christ: now they resound with spiritual canticles, now they exercise sustenance by works? Wherefore let virgins propose to themselves another mirror, by imitating which they may adorn their mind and character, namely the Blessed Virgin, in whom, as St. Ambrose says, lib. II De Virg., as in a mirror shines forth the beauty of chastity and the form of virtue. Truly St. Bernard, epist. 413: The daughters of Babylon, says he, are clothed in purple and fine linen, conscience lies in rags; they shine with jewels, they are foul in morals. On the contrary, thou, O virgin Sophia, outwardly in rags, inwardly splendid, shinest forth, but by divine aspects, not human: within is what delights, because within is He who delights. The images of Sileni were such, which when closed outwardly showed a ridiculous appearance of a piper, when opened, showed a divinity. Such was Socrates, says Alcibiades. Such let the virgin be, outwardly vile, inwardly fair and divine. Hence St. Paula, as testified by St. Jerome, if she had seen any virgin more adorned, by a contraction of her brow and sadness of countenance she would reprove the erring one, saying: Cleanliness of body and dress is uncleanness of soul. Virgins therefore and women dedicating themselves to God should cast away their mirrors which serve the beauty of fragile flesh, and devote them to God as it were as anathemas. Rightly virginity in Nazianzus in verse thus depicts its habit: Dirty hair is beauty to me, vile clothing.
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9. Tents. — Thus he calls throughout here the veils of the courtyard, vers. 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18.
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17. THE BASES OF THE COLUMNS WERE BRONZE, AND THEIR CAPITALS WITH ALL THEIR CARVINGS WERE SILVER. — Capitals, rightly: for this Hebrew vau well teaches Oleaster to signify from cap. XXVII, vers. 10 and 11; for there all render vau as capitals. But because here another word is placed in Hebrew, which signifies capital, therefore the Septuagint and Chaldean render vau here as hooks: both rightly; for vau signifies a nail and its head: such is the character of the Hebrew letter vau, which the Septuagint and Chaldean call a hook; and it is likely that the capitals of the columns were such, as if like a nail ending below in a point, above in a knob, which knob was the capital of these, or the head of the hooks. The Hebrew therefore thus translate, he fixed the capitals of the columns with their carvings silver, and the covering, or knob of the capitals silver. Thus understand also verse 19.
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21. THESE ARE THE INSTRUMENTS OF THE TABERNACLE, etc. FOR THE CEREMONIES (that is, for the ministry, as the Hebrew and Septuagint have it) OF THE LEVITES. — For the Levites served in the dissolution and transportation of the tabernacle, when the camps were to be moved; and again in its composition, when the camps were to be pitched, and Ithamar the younger, son of Aaron, presided over this, to whom therefore the account of each of the tabernacle's instruments was to be reckoned: just as to the other Levites who carried the vessels and furnishings of the tabernacle themselves, who were alone the Caathites, or the descendants of Caath, son of Levi, Eleazar the elder brother of Ithamar presided; concerning these matters more in Numbers IV.
38:25
25 and 26. AND AN OFFERING WAS MADE BY THOSE WHO PASSED INTO THE NUMBER (who were numbered) FROM TWENTY YEARS AND UPWARD, OF SIX HUNDRED AND THREE THOUSAND, AND FIVE HUNDRED AND FIFTY ARMED MEN; MOREOVER THERE WERE A HUNDRED TALENTS OF SILVER. — An offering was made, not of the gold which preceded: for he had already said that was collected not from the census of the people, but from voluntary gifts; but that which in the census by the law of cap. XXX, 13, was commanded to be offered, namely half a shekel of silver from each head, so that there were offered a hundred talents of silver and 1775 shekels from six hundred and three thousand and 550 Hebrews (for so many were numbered and counted); but our Interpreter left this to be understood from cap. XXX, 13; and lest he repeat the same thing so many times, he omitted it, as is his custom, especially since there follows immediately the distribution of that silver collected by the census: what therefore he translated, there were moreover a hundred, etc., is the same as if he said, there were therefore, or whence there were moreover, as if to say, An offering was made in the census from six hundred and three thousand and 550, that which was commanded, namely half a shekel from each head: whence it came to pass that moreover, that is, besides those 29 talents of gold, of which I spoke in verse 24, there were collected from the census of the people a hundred talents of silver. That this is so, and that this is the meaning, is evident from the Hebrew, which thus has it word for word: and of silver, namely the number and weight, which was offered by those numbered of the Synagogue, was a hundred talents, one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five shekels according to the weight of the sanctuary; half a shekel for each head, or from each head, namely was offered. In like manner the Septuagint and Chaldean have it, but our Interpreter omitted many things from them, for the reason already stated. Thus Abulensis, Lipomanus and the Hebrews.
38:27
27. A HUNDRED BASES. — For there were 40 toward the South, 40 toward the North, 16 toward the Western part, 4 under the four columns dividing the Holy Place from the Holy of Holies, as was commanded in cap. XXVI, verses 19 and 32. Thus Abulensis, Cajetan and others.
38:28
28. OF ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-FIVE. — Understand, shekels, as the Septuagint and Chaldean express it, and it is evident from the preceding. HE MADE THE CAPITALS OF THE COLUMNS, WHICH ALSO HE COVERED WITH SILVER, as if to say, That which remained above the 100 talents of silver collected from the census, namely 1775 shekels, Moses spent on the capitals of the columns and on gilding the columns; not as if these 1775 shekels were sufficient for this, but that these were spent for this; the remainder however which was lacking was supplied from other money voluntarily offered by the people, which is not numbered here, which Scripture mentions in cap. XXXV, 24: for Moses wished only to recount here, for what use the money collected from the census was spent. Note: For made the capitals, in Hebrew it is covered the capitals, as if to say, He made the knob of the capitals from silver; the Septuagint translate, he adorned the capitals of them; but it plainly appears that an error has crept into them, so that for katergyrosen (that is, he silvered), there has crept in to it the similar katechryosen (that is, he gilded): for that these capitals of the columns were silvered, not however gilded, the Hebrew, Chaldean and Our Interpreter teach, and it is evident from verse 19.
38:29
Vers. 29. AND THE BRASS THAT WAS OFFERED WAS SEVENTY TALENTS AND TWO THOUSAND AND FOUR HUNDRED SHEKELS. — The Hebrew and Chaldean have it thus: brass was offered seventy talents, and two thousand, and four hundred shekels. The Septuagint, as we now have them, take it so that the two thousand are referred not to talents, but to shekels: Cajetan, Lipomanus, Vatablus and other more recent scholars follow them. But in this way more talents of silver would have been offered and expended than of brass. Moreover, with so little brass could not have been made the 60 brazen columns, of which I spoke cap. XXVII, vers. 10, likewise the bases, the altar, the pots, the pins, etc., since the silver bases of the tables alone each contained a talent, as we saw cap. XXVII. Wherefore all things will agree most excellently if you thus distinguish and punctuate: There were offered talents of brass seventy, two thousand (supply talents, nor is it strange that the greater number is placed after the lesser here; for this is customary among the Hebrews) and four hundred shekels; so that there were two thousand talents of brass, and 70 talents, and 400 shekels besides. Moreover, that very many errors have crept into the Septuagint in numbers, no one is ignorant, as here three hundred have crept in above the other numbers. Note: Two thousand talents with 70 talents and 400 shekels make 258766 pounds; wherefore all these things could not have been carried by six wagons, given to the Gersonites and Merarites for conveying the vessels of the tabernacle, Numer. VII, 3. For one wagon with two oxen cannot carry three thousand pounds; but at most two thousand and a half, as drivers testify: wherefore for conveying 258766 pounds, there was need of a hundred wagons. Therefore those things which could not be placed on six wagons, were partly placed on other wagons, partly carried by the Levites themselves, finally that part of the brass which was not consumed in the vessels of the tabernacle, but remained over, being profane, was not carried by Levites, but by laymen of other tribes in wagons. Note secondly: For vestivit, in Hebrew it is chissac, that is, he circled, he gyrated, that is, he clothed round about and in a circle.
Concerning the Hebrew Talent and Its Value From this it is clearly gathered (as Villalpando and a few others rightly observed) that the Hebrew talent contained three thousand shekels. I demonstrate this: for the Hebrew, Chaldean and Septuagint texts here say first, that those who were numbered here and offered the census price were six hundred and three thousand with 550; and since each of them offered half a shekel, it follows that the sum offered, or the sum of shekels, was half the number of those offering, so that there were as many whole shekels as there were those offering half shekels; and thus since those offering half a shekel were six hundred and three thousand and 550, it follows that whole shekels offered by them were three hundred thousand and 1775. Second, the Hebrew, Chaldean and Septuagint texts say the sum offered by them was 100 talents and 1775 shekels: but the sum offered was, as I have said, three hundred thousand shekels and 1775 shekels; therefore three hundred thousand shekels and 1775 shekels make 100 talents and 1775 shekels. Now remove 1775 shekels as common from both sides, behold then there remain 100 talents equivalent to three hundred thousand shekels; divide therefore three hundred thousand shekels by 100 talents, you will have for each talent three thousand shekels. Here therefore by clear arithmetical demonstration it is concluded that the Hebrew talent contained three thousand shekels, whether of silver, if it were a silver talent; or of gold, if it were a golden talent. You will say: Josephus assigns six thousand shekels to a talent; for in book III, chapter VII, he says the candlestick (which was made from a talent of gold) weighed 100 minas; and a mina had 60 shekels, as is evident from Ezekiel XLV, 12, and from Josephus, book XIV of the Antiquities, chapter XII. Now multiply one hundred minas by sixty shekels, you will find six thousand shekels for 100 minas, and consequently for a talent. Some, such as Arias Montanus, Didacus, Covarruvias, Torniellus, Robertus Cenalis, in the book On Measures, and others, on account of this argument think there was a double talent among the Hebrews, one smaller and common as already stated of three thousand shekels, the other larger and sacred of six thousand shekels, from which the candlestick was made. But from Scripture this diversity and variety of talent cannot be proved; nor is it likely that Moses would take talent equivocally and variously. Add that Moses had the shekels offered here by the people weighed according to the shekel of the sanctuary, Exodus XXX, 24; therefore he also weighed the talent according to the talent of the sanctuary: but the talent of the sanctuary was great, and according to those who posit a double talent, it was greater than the profane and common one; the greater therefore ought to be taken here, not the lesser, which Villalpando demonstrates by many arguments in the Apparatus of the City and Temple, part II, book II, disputation IV, chapter XXXIII, folio 409. To Josephus I reply, either an error has crept into his numbers here, as often elsewhere; or Josephus takes a smaller mina here, namely one which contains not 60, but only 30 shekels: for then 100 minas would make three thousand shekels. Since therefore the Hebrew talent contained three thousand shekels, and the shekel contained 4 drachmas, that is weighed 4 Spanish reales, 5 stufers in silver, and 4 French crowns in gold: it follows that a talent of gold contained and was worth 12 thousand French crowns; but a talent of silver contained and was worth three thousand florins. From this it follows first, that the Hebrew talent was greater than the Euboic, which was worth 400 aurei, and the Attic, which was worth 600. It follows second, that the Hebrew talent weighed ninety-three pounds of gold, with twelve ounces: I take here the larger pound of sixteen ounces. This is evident; for the shekel contained four drachmas, or a half-ounce (for eight drachmas make an ounce): wherefore 32 shekels (which make 128 French crowns) make one pound of gold; therefore by multiplication, a talent containing three thousand shekels contained 93 pounds of gold with 12 ounces. But if you take the pound as smaller, or the common one of twelve ounces, then the talent contained 125 pounds. It follows third, that from one talent, that is from 93 larger pounds, the candlestick of the temple could easily have been made, Exodus XXV, 39. Again, David could not have worn the crown of Melchom of one talent, but only made a diadem for himself from it, that is from its part, as is explained in I Paralipomenon XX, 2: for it would not have been fitting for a holy king to wear the crown of the idol itself. It follows fourth, that Gehazi could easily have bought fields, vineyards, cattle and maidservants with two talents of silver, as is said in IV Kings chapter V, 23 and 26; for a talent of silver was three thousand shekels of silver, that is, three thousand florins: two therefore talents of silver were worth six thousand florins. It follows fifth, since the mina contained 60 shekels, Ezech. XLV, 12, that the talent contained 50 minas; the mina therefore contained nearly two pounds, wherefore the shields of 300 minas which Solomon made, III Reg. X, 17, were of nearly six hundred pounds, and therefore could scarcely be carried by one man, and were more for magnificence than for use, whence he made other shields of 600 shekels. It follows sixth, since David left to Solomon for the temple, as is found in I Par. XXII, 14, one hundred thousand talents of gold, and of silver one thousand thousand talents, that he left to him two thousand and four hundred millions of gold; I call a million ten hundred thousand pieces of gold; for one hundred thousand talents of gold make one thousand two hundred millions of gold: the same amount precisely in gold will be produced by one thousand thousand talents of silver; for the proportion of silver to gold is tenfold: for one shekel of gold is worth 10 (and at this time 12) shekels of silver. Which sum of gold would scarcely now be found in all of Europe; wherefore David obtained it not so much by his own industry as by the blessing of God, so that kings may learn that if they serve God, they will be glorious and rich with David and Solomon. Vilalpando and Pizneda collect the manner of gathering it from Ophir, from tributes, from wars and spoils, from gifts, tract. De Salomone. Whencesoever he obtained it, it is certain from Scripture that he had so much gold and silver: whence also Scripture says that in the time of Solomon there was so great an abundance of gold in Jerusalem as there are stones, and silver was not esteemed. But I shall say more about the talent and weights at the end of the Pentateuch.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
38:1
v. 1 « Fecit et altare holocausti de lignis setim, quinque cubitorum per quadrum, et trium in altitudine »;
38:2
v. 2 « cutus cornua de angulis procedebant , operuitque illud. laminis aeneis ».
38:3
v. 3 « Et in usus etus paravit ez aere vasa diversa : lebetes, forcipes, fuscinulas , unctnos et [ignium] receptacula ».
38:4
v. & « Craticulamque eius in modum retis fecit aeneam, et| subter eam in altaris medio arulam », — Inserta copula sensum Vulg. obseurat : subter corollam eius , infra ad. medietatem etus. Explicatur situs non arulae seu corollae, sed eraticulae. Ceterum sensus est omnino idem, atque 27,* sq. ; itemque reliqua descriptio, licet expressionum et sententiarum ordo aliquantum mutetur, omnino conso- quod modo cratéicula vertebatur, « summitates , ad àmmittendos vectes ad portandum »;
38:6
v. 6 « quos et 1psos fecit de lignis setim, et operuit laminis aenets » ;
38:7
v. 1 « induxitque in circulos », qui modo annult audiebant, « qu? in lateribus altaris eminebant. Ipsum autem altare [non erat solidum, sed| cavum ex tabulis, |et intus vacuum] ». . V. 8 fusum refert mare aeneum : cf. 30,18. Quae vero 30,19-21 habebantur de ablutionibus peragendis, ea non h. 1., quod LXX faciunt (38,21), erant repetenda, sed 40,28-30 (30-32) recensentur.
38:8
v. 8 « Fecit et labrum aeneum cum basi sua de speculis mulierum, quae excubabant in ostio tabernaculi ». Mulieres hae, « quae observabant ad ostium tabernaculi », etiam habentur 1 Reg. 2,22, ubi cf. quae diximus. Non igitur de superstitione aliqua sermo est, sed de legitimo cultu; neque de mera privata devotione, eum N2x potius genus sacrae veluti militiae turmatim praestandae exprimat. Notavere porro a6? rem h. l. narrari, non tamquam Moysis tempore primum fieri coeptam sed tamquam usu consecratam. Ubi audiendus Cyr?//. Alex. (De ador. in sp., lib. IX; M. 68. 629 sq.), qui ipsein Aegypto vivebat et antiqua Aegyptiorum monumenta oculis conspiciebat : « Servierantidolislongis temporibus Israelitae, dum Aegyptiis suberant eorumque vivebant legibus. Morisigitur erat imprimis apud mulieres Aegyptias, linea veste indutas adire templa, speculum sinistra, sistrum dextra sacro habitu gestantes; quaeque prae ceteris electae et initiatae essent, eae honoris eius seu, uf verius dicam, contumeliae plurima adhibita opera participes efficiebantur ». Cyrilli dieta confirmant monumenta , quae sistra depinguntet metallina specula (Erman p. 316 sq. 399 sq.) nosque edocent, singulis templis attributas fuisse mulieres ex omni civium ordine magno numero selectas, quae cantatrices seu musicae nuncupabantur. Ritus de se est omnino innocens, qui potuit apud varias gentes ante natam idololatriam oriri, imo ex ipsa religione primitiva ortum ducere. Vigebat is apud Hebraeos ante Moysen, neque a Moyse abolitus esl teste 1 Reg. 2,92. vg. Atrium Ex. 38,9-20. Narratio generatim concordat cum 27,9-19, tamen pluribus etiam lea ». Y.
38:11
41 « Aeque ad septentrionalem plagam tentoria, columnae basesque et captta columnarum eiusdem mensurae et operis ac metalli erant ». Haec compendio potius Hebraeum reddunt : Et in latere aquilonis (velum seu tentorium) centum cubitorum, columnae viginti et bases viginti aeneae , et hami columnarum et caelaturae earum argenleae.
38:12
v. 12 « [n ea vero plaga, quae ad occidentem respicit, fuerunt tentoria cubitorum quinquaginta, columnae decem cum basibus suis. aeneae, et capita columnarum et tota operis caelatura argentea ».
38:13
v. 13 « Porro contra orientem quinquaginta. cubitorum paravit tentoria »;
38:14
v. 44 « e quibus quindecim cubitos columnarum trium cum basibus suis unum tenebat latus »,
38:15
v. 15 « et in parte altera (quia inter utraque introitum tabernaculi fecit) quindecim aeque cubitorum erant tentoria, columnaeque tres et bases totidem ». Expressio *xnn "yv? nv21 n2 utique inepto loco legitur (D/Im.) ; fortasse extremo v. 13 primitus lege- . batur.
38:16
v. 16 « Cuncta atrii tentoria byssus retorta texuerat ».
38:17
v. 41 « Bases columnarum fuere aeneae , capita autem earum cum. cunctis caelaturis suis argentea; sed et ipsas columnas atrii vestivit argento ». Hebr. : ham columnarum et caelaturae, quae duo extrema nomina ignorat Sam., unde non habetur pleonasmus cum sequenti 752 a'pvm2 am. Hebr. : et operimentum capitellorum argenteum, et caelaturas habebant argenteas omnes columnae atrii. Quae cap. 27 ignorabantur capitella, h. 1. et v. 19. 28 (cf. 36,38) supplentur.
38:18
v. 18 « Et2n ?ntroitu eius opere plumario fecit tentorium ex hyacintho, purpura, vermiculo ac bysso retorta, quod habebat viginti cubitos in longitudine; altitudo vero quinque cubitorum erat wrta mensuram , quam |cuncta] atri tentoria habebant ». Hebr. : altitudo in latitudine, quia latitudo veli dependentis altitudinem efficiebat (DilIm.). may5 25,27; 28,9 significabat prope, h. 1. ad instar, quem sensum expressio etiam habet 1 Par. 24,31; 26,19. 16; Ez. 3,8; Eccle. 5,15; 7,1^. Non hinc necessario sequitur, ultima v. 18 verba recentiori calamo esse adscripta; potuere utique adscribi, cam tota haec 38,9-20 pericope, si 27,9-19 comparetur, negligentiorem prodatstilum.
38:19
v. 19 « Columnae autem [in egressu | fuere quatuor cum basibus aeneis, capitaque earum et caelaturae argenteae ». Hebr. : et hami argentei, et operimentum capitellorum et caelaturarum earum argenteum. Ergo, uti 36,38, affirmantur laminae, quae caelaturas efficiebant, non fuisse totae argenteae, sed argento superindutae.
38:20
v. 20 « Pazillos quoque » omnes « tabernaculi et atrii per gyrum fecit aeneos ». Arg. — lthamaro id officii attribuit Moyses, ut computum expensarum digereret. Traditur eius computus quoad metalla pretiosa : aurum, argentum, aes.
38:21
v. 91 « Haec sunt instrumenta tabernaculi testimonii , quae enwmerata sunt iuxta praeceptum Moysi in ceremoniis » — nTAY, «fy» Aevscogrum, per manum Ithamar, filii Aaron sacerdotis ». **22. certe non significat instrumenta, sed computum (cf. 30,12 sqq.; Num. 1,21 sqq. ; 2,4 sqq.) : LXX cóvsazc, Chald. Syr. numerus; consentitque Vulg. illico 1pB vertens enumerata sunt. Ceteram Vulg. versum interpretata est clausulam praecedentium, elenchum instrumentorum sacrorum, « euius indiculifaciendi eura demandata est Ithamar, filio Aaronis » (Bonfr.). Atindiculus hic verbotenus fere repetit cap. 25-277 descripta, quae immediate a Deo edoctus erat Moyses, nulla Ithamari adhibita ope. Melius Masor. novam v. 21 parascham ordiuntur, ut v. 21 sit inseriptio sequentium v. 24-31 et « rubrica subiunctarum summarum auri, argenti et aeris » (Ca?.). Has autem summas metallorum pretiosorum concinnandas commisit Moyses Ithamaro. Sequentem versum Hebr. adnectit copula e^, quam apte Vulg. vertit quae : monet sc. narrator, dt Ithamar adhibitus sit computandis metallis, Beseleelem iis cudendis et fundendis insudasse ; simulque nomen Ooliab adscribitur, qui in aliis rebus parandis Beseleelis exstitit adiutor praecipuus.
38:22
v. 99 « Quae Beseleel, filius Uri filii Hur, de tribu Iuda, Domino per Moysen tubente compleverat »,
38:23
v. 23 « iuncto sibi socio Ooltab, filio Achisamech , de tribu Dan , qui et ?pse artifex lignorum |egregius] fut, et polymitarius atque plumarius ez. hajacintho , purpura , vermiculo Iam computus auri, argenti et aeris describitur.
38:24
v. 24 « Omne auyum , quod expensum est ?n opere sanctuarii, |et quod oblatum est| in donariis , viginti novem. talentorum fuit et septingentorum triginta siclorum , ad mensuram sanctuarii », de qua dicebamus ad 30,13. 24. Ex 29,97 patet, n2*n et mo" esse synonyma : prior vox h. l. etv. 29 adhibetur; cf. item 35,92. 24. WAS Wu : NOVORUM SACRORUM INSTITUTIO. talentum et siclus primitus sint ponderum nomina. Illa igitar 100 argenti talenta, additis 1775 siclis, valore aequabant fere 884200 fr. 75. Siclum auri valore censent aequasse 15 circiter siclos argenti, ergo fere 43 fr. 95. Et 29 auri talenta, additis 730 siclis, seu auri sicli omnino 87730 (v. 24), valore aequabant circiter 3855733 tr. 50. Censent item auri siclum, uti apud Babylonios, pondere etiam nonnihil diversum fuisse ab argenti siclo, ut habuerit ponderis non 14,55 sed 16,37 grammata.
38:25
v. 25 « Oblatum est autem ab his, qui transierunt ad numerum a viginti annis et supra, de sexcentis tribus millibus et quingentis quinquaginta |armatorun] », quam extremam vocem inseruit Vulg. bis vertens n'v::n. Ceterum misere truncatum esse Vulgatae textum , et comparatis reliquis textibus patet et ab omnibus agnoscitur interpre- | tibus. Dum sc. v. 2& agebat de auro, v. 25 agit de argento, et quidem collecto methodo 30,12-16 deseripto. Heór. : Et argentum numeratorum ecclesiae fuit 100 talenta et 17 79 sicli, de siclis sanctuarii; v. 26 dimidium viritim, dimidium sicli de siclis sanctuarii, omnibus transeuntibus ad recensitos , a. viginti annis sursum, sexcentis et. tribus mallibus quingentis et quinquaginta. 1. e., omnibus his viris dimidium singulis siclum pendentibus, effecta sunt 100 talenta et 1775 sieli. Qui numerus porro per partes explicatur, ut v. 26 sq., qui versus uni v. 27 apud Heór. respondent, quid e centum talentis, v. 28 quid e 1775 siclis effectum sit demonstret.
38:26
v. 26 « Fwuerunt |praeterea] », quod adverbium minus feliciter Vulg. inseruit, « centum talenta argenti, e quibus conflatae sunt bases sanctuarii et| introitus, ubi ]velum |pendet] ». Simplicius Heór. : et bases veli, sc. columnarum, e quibus velum dependebat.
38:27
v. 27 « Centum bases [factae sunt| de talentis centum, singulis talentis per bases singulas |supputatis] ». Reapse 26,19. 21. 25.39 habentur bases interioris sanctuarii argenteae 40 4- 40 4- 16 -4- I, —
38:28
100. v. 28 « De mille autem septingentis et septuaginta quinque » — siclis merito supplet LXX — « fecit capita columnarum » seu verius hamos, « quas et ?psas vestivit argento », laminis argenteis, quae. cum sicut hami longe essent basibus tenuiores, minor longe argenti copia in ea insumebatur. | Aeris tandem summa adseribitur.
38:29
v. 99 « Aeris quoque oblata sunt talenta septuaginta. duo mallia, et quadringenti supra sicli ». Erravit hac in re Hieronymi calamus (cf. Verc.) : vertendum erat 70 talenta et 2400 sicli. Ceterum ex hoc etiam textu patet, talentum habuisse plus 2400 siclis, sc. siclos 3000.
38:30
v. 30 « Ez quibus f'usae sunt bases in in- Iroitu tabernaculi testimonii, et altare aeneum cum craticula sua , omniaque vasa quae ad usum eius pertinent » ,
38:31
v. 31 « et bases atrii tam in circuttu quam tn ingressu eius , et parilli tabernaculi atque atrü per gyrum ». Omittitur labrum aeneum, quod reapse ex aere (38,8) aliunde petito neque in hoe computo incluso confectum est. Cap. XXXIX. 38,21-31 utique praecedenti narrationi adnexum est, quae 39,1 resumitur : narrata sanctuarii structura vestium sacrarum confectio deseribitur. n52n5 vc» non est primitus scriptum (DilfIm.), ut post metallorum computum textilia item computarentur : metallorum quippe in computo nomina v. 24. 25 (Hebr.). 29 absolute seribebantur, nulla praefixa praepositione.
38:1
Moses in the two official and essential altars of the Tabernacle, later enlarged in Solomon's Temple: a) the altar of holocausts (Ex. 28:1-8; 38:1-7), the altar par excellence (I Reg. 2:28), in the court, destined also for unbloody sacrifices, of acacia wood covered with bronze, called therefore also the "bronze altar" (I Reg. …
38:8
Tabernacle (Tent) of Meeting (Hebrew 'Ohel, usually followed by Me'eth: "Tabernacle of Convene")
… In the court, finally, there were the altar of holocausts and the bronze basin ("sea"), with a stand for the water of the ablutions of the officiating priests (Ex. 30:17-21; 38:8). The symbolism of the T. is evident (cf. Heb. 8-9; Rev. 13:6; 15:5; 21:3). Each object had its own symbolism.
38:13
In Ex. 38:13 it translates the Heb. lēhēm, elsewhere rendered as sardonyx, sardius, beryllus, chrysoprasus. …
38:21
ITHAMAR (Heb.: 'Ithamar') - Youngest son of Aaron (Ex. 6:23); consecrated priest together with his brothers and Aaron (Ex. 28:1, 4, 29); he supervised the making of the sacred furnishings (Ex. 38:21). When Nadab and Abihu were struck down for their ritual offense, Eleazar and I. assumed all the priestly functions (Lev. 10; Num. 3:1-4; 26:60).
38:25
Mina (Heb. Mâneh; Gr. Μνᾶ; Lat. Mina or Mna)
… Among the Hebrews the talent was also worth 60 m., but only 3000 shekels (instead of 3600, cf. Ex. 38:25-27), thus reducing the m. to 50 shekels as in Syria and at Rās Samrah.
… Depending on whether the shekel is taken as the fiftieth (cf. Deut. 22:19, 29) or the sixtieth (cf. Ex. 38:25; Ex. 45:12) part of the mina, one must establish: 1 t. = 60 minas = 3000 shekels = 6000 beqa' = 60000 gērāh, or else: 1 t. = 60 minas = 3600 shekels = 7200 beqa' = 72000 gērāh. …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.