The children of Israel are numbered: the Levites are designed to serve the tabernacle.
Al the men of twelue tribes of Israel, of the age of twentie yeares and vpwardes (but not vnder, nor wemen,) are numbred: 20. and are sound in al six hundred thirtie thousand fiue hundred fiftie. 47. The Leuites not yet numbred, are designed to serue about the Tabernacle.
1And the Lord spoke to Moses in the desert of Sinai in the tabernacle of the covenant, the first day of the second month, the second year of their going out of Egypt, saying:E parlò il Signore a Mosè nel deserto del Sinai nel tabernacolo dell'alleanza il primo dì del secondo mese, il secondo anno dell'uscita loro dall'Egitto, e disse:AND our Lord spake to Moyses in the desert of Sinai in the tabernacle of couenant, the first day of the second moneth, the second yeare of their going out of Aegypt, saying:Locutusque est Dominus ad Moysen in deserto Sinai in tabernaculo fœderis, prima die mensis secundi, anno altero egressionis eorum ex Ægypto, dicens: 2Take the sum of all the congregation of the children of Israel by their families, and houses, and the names of every one, as many as are of the male sex,Fate il novero di tutti quanti i maschi di tutta la moltitudine de' figliuoli d'Israele secondo le stirpi, e le case, e i nomi di ciascheduno:Take the summe of the whole assemblie of the children of Israel by their kinredes, & houses, and the names of euerie one, whatsoeuer of the male sexe,Tollite summam universæ congregationis filiorum Israël per cognationes et domos suas, et nomina singulorum, quidquid sexus est masculini 3From twenty years old and upwards, of all the men of Israel fit for war, and you shall number them by their troops, thou and Aaron.Tu e Aronne farete la rassegna di tutti gli uomini forti d'Israele da' venti anni in su, divisi nelle loro schiere.from the twentith yeare and vpward, of al the strong men of Israel, and you shal number them by their troupes, thou and Aaron.a vigesimo anno et supra, omnium virorum fortium ex Israël, et numerabitis eos per turmas suas, tu et Aaron. 4And there shall be with you the princes of the tribes, and of the houses in their kindreds,E saranno con voi i principi delle tribù, e delle famiglie secondo la loro agnazione.And there shal be with you the princes of the tribes, and of the houses in their kinredes,Eruntque vobiscum principes tribuum ac domorum in cognationibus suis, 5Whose names are these: Of Ruben, Elisur the son of Sedeur.I nomi di questi sono: della tribù di Ruben Elisur, figliuolo di Sedeur:whose names are these: Of Ruben, Elizur the sonne of Sedeur.quorum ista sunt nomina: de Ruben, Elisur, filius Sedeur; 6Of Simeon, Salamiel the son of Surisaddai.Della tribù di Simeon Salamiel, figliuolo di Surisaddai:Of Simeon, Salamiel the sonne of Surisaddai.de Simeon, Salamiel filius Surisaddai; 7Of Juda, Nahasson the son of Aminadab.Della tribù di Giuda Nahasson, figliuolo di Aminadab:Of Iuda, Nahasson, the sonne of Aminadab.de Juda, Nahasson filius Aminadab;
8Of Issachar, Nathanael the son of Suar.D'Issachar Nathanael, figliuolo di Suar:Of Issachar, Nathanael the sonne of Suar.de Issachar, Nathanaël filius Suar; 9Of Zabulon, Eliab the son of Helon.Di Zabulon Eliab, figliuolo di Helon:Of Zabulon Eliab the sonne of Helon.de Zabulon, Eliab filius Helon; 10And of the sons of Joseph: of Ephraim, Elisama the son of Ammiud: of Manasses, Gamaliel the son of Phadassur.De' figliuoli di Giuseppe della tribù di Ephraim era principe Elisama, figliuolo di Ammiud: di quella di Manasse Gamaliele, figliuolo di Phadassur:And of the sonnes of Ioseph, of Ephraim, Elisama the sonne of Ammiud. of Manasses, Gamaliel, the sonne of Phadassur.filiorum autem Joseph, de Ephraim, Elisama filius Ammiud; de Manasse, Gamaliel filius Phadassur; 11Of Benjamin, Abidan the son of Gedeon.Di Beniamin Abidan, figliuolo di Gedeone:of Beniamin, Abidan the sonne of Gedeon.de Benjamin, Abidan filius Gedeonis; 12Of Dan, Ahiezer the son of Ammisaddai.Di Dan Ahiezer, figliuolo di Amisaddai:of Dan, Ahiezer the sonne of Ammisaddai.de Dan, Ahiezer filius Ammisaddai; 13Of Aser, Phegiel the son of Ochran.Di Aser Phegiel, figliuolo di Ochram:of Aser, Phegiel the sonne of Ochran.de Aser, Phegiel filius Ochran; 14Of Gad, Eliasaph the son of Duel.Di Gad Eliasaph, figliuolo di Duel:Of Gad, Eliazaph the sonne of Duel.de Gad, Eliasaph filius Duel; 15Of Nephtali, Ahira the son of Enan.Di Nephtali Ahira, figliuolo di Enan.Of Nephthali, Ahira the sonne of Enan.de Nephthali, Ahira filius Enan. 16These are the most noble princes of the multitude by their tribes and kindreds, and the chiefs of the army of Israel:Questi i nobilissimi principi della nazione secondo le loro tribù, e famiglie, e capi dell'esercito d'Israele:These are the most noble princes of the multitude by their tribes and kinredes, and the heades of the hoste of Israel:Hi nobilissimi principes multitudinis per tribus et cognationes suas, et capita exercitus Israël, 17Whom Moses and Aaron took with all the multitude of the common people:I quali furon descritti da Mosè ed Aronne, e tutta la moltitudine del popolowhom Moyses and Aaron tooke with al the multitude of the common people:quos tulerunt Moyses et Aaron cum omni vulgi multitudine: 18And assembled them on the first day of the second month, reckoning them up by the kindreds, and houses, and families, and heads, and names of every one from twenty years old and upward,Fu ragunata da essi il primo dì del secondo mese, e ne fecero il novero secondo la loro genealogia, e secondo la famiglia, e la casa, testa per testa, col proprio nome di ciascheduno dall'età di vent'anni in poi,and assembled them the first day of the second moneth, reckening them by the kinredes, and houses, and families, and heades, and names of euerie one from the twentith yeare and vpwarde,et congregaverunt primo die mensis secundi, recensentes eos per cognationes, et domos, ac familias, et capita, et nomina singulorum a vigesimo anno et supra, 19As the Lord had commanded Moses. And they were numbered in the desert of Sinai.Come il Signore aveva ordinato a Mosè. E fu fatto il novero nel deserto del Sinai.as our Lord had comanded Moyses. And they were numbered in the desert of Sinai.sicut præceperat Dominus Moysi. Numeratique sunt in deserto Sinai.
20Of Ruben the eldest son of Israel, by their generations and families and houses and names of every head, all that were of the male sex, from twenty years old and upward, that were able to go forth to war,Della tribù di Ruben primogenito d'Israele tutti i maschi da' vent'anni in su atti alla guerra secondo la loro genealogia, e famiglia, e casa, testa per testa, (furon contati)Of Ruben the first begotten of Israel, by their generations and families and houses, and names of euerie heade, al that is of the male sexe, from twentith yeare and vpwarde, of them that goe forth to warre,De Ruben primogenito Israëlis per generationes et familias ac domos suas, et nomina capitum singulorum, omne quod sexus est masculini a vigesimo anno et supra, procedentium ad bellum, 21Were forty-six thousand five hundred.Quaranta sei mila cinquecento.fourtie six thousand fiue hundred.quadraginta sex millia quingenti. 22Of the sons of Simeon by their generations and families, and houses of their kindreds, were reckoned up by the names and heads of every one, all that were of the male sex, from twenty years old and upward, that were able to go forth to war,De' discendenti di Simeon tutti maschi da' venti anni in su atti alla guerra secondo la loro genealogia, e famiglia, e casa, testa per testa, co' nomi loro furon contatiOf the sonnes of Simeon by the generations and families, and houses of their kinredes were reckened by the names and heades of euerie one, al that is of the male sexe, from twentith yeare and vpward, of them that goe forth to warre,De filiis Simeon per generationes et familias ac domos cognationum suarum recensiti sunt per nomina et capita singulorum, omne quod sexus est masculini a vigesimo anno et supra, procedentium ad bellum, 23Fifty-nine thousand three hundred.Cinquanta nove mila trecento.fiftie nine thousand three hundred.quinquaginta novem millia trecenti. 24Of the sons of Gad, by their generations and families and houses of their kindreds were reckoned up by the names of every one from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war,De' discendenti di Gad tutti quelli che erano atti alla guerra secondo la loro genealogia, e famiglia, e casa col proprio nome di ciascheduno, furon contati dai venti anni in su,Of the sonnes of Gad, by the generations and families and houses of their kinredes were reckned by the names of euerie one from twentie yeares and vpwarde, al that went forth to warre,De filiis Gad per generationes et familias ac domos cognationum suarum recensiti sunt per nomina singulorum a viginti annis et supra, omnes qui ad bella procederent, 25Forty-five thousand six hundred and fifty.Quarantacinque mila secento cinquanta.fourtie fiue thousand six hundred fiftie.quadraginta quinque millia sexcenti quinquaginta.
26Of the sons of Juda, by their generations and families and houses of their kindreds, by the names of every one from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war,De' discendenti di Giuda tutti quelli che erano atti alla guerra, da' venti anni in su secondo la loro genealogia, e famiglia, e casa co' nomi di ciascheduno,Of the sonnes to Iuda by the generations and families and houses of their kinredes, by the names of euerie one from the twentith yeare and vpward, al that could goe forth to warre,De filiis Juda per generationes et familias ac domos cognationum suarum, per nomina singulorum a vigesimo anno et supra, omnes qui poterant ad bella procedere, 27Were reckoned up seventy-four thousand six hundred.Furon contati settanta quattro mila secento.were reckned seuentie foure thousand six hundred.recensiti sunt septuaginta quatuor millia sexcenti. 28Of the sons of Issachar, by their generations and families and houses of their kindreds, by the names of every one from twenty years old and upward, all that could go forth to war,De' discendenti d'Issachar tutti quelli che erano atti alla guerra da' vent'anni in su secondo la genealogia, e famiglia, e casa loro co' nomi di ciascheduno,Of the sonnes of Issachar, by the generations and families and houses of their kinredes, by the names of euerie one from the twentith yeare and vpward, al that went forth to warre,De filiis Issachar, per generationes et familias ac domos cognationum suarum, per nomina singulorum a vigesimo anno et supra, omnes qui ad bella procederent, 29Were reckoned up fifty-four thousand four hundred.Furon contati cinquanta quattro mila quattrocento.were reckened fiftie foure thousand foure hūdred.recensiti sunt quinquaginta quatuor millia quadringenti. 30Of the sons of Zabulon, by the generations and families and houses of their kindreds, were reckoned up by the names of every one from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war,De' discendenti di Zabulon tutti quelli che erano atti alla guerra, da' vent'anni in su secondo la loro genealogia, e famiglia, e casa, co' nomi di ciascheduno, furon contatiOf the sonnes of Zabulon, by the generations and families and houses of their kinredes, were reckened by names of euerie one from the twentith yeare and vpward, al that could goe forth to warre,De filiis Zabulon per generationes et familias ac domos cognationum suarum recensiti sunt per nomina singulorum a vigesimo anno et supra, omnes qui poterant ad bella procedere, 31Fifty-seven thousand four hundred.Cinquanta sette mila quattrocento.fiftie seuen thousand foure hundred.quinquaginta septem millia quadringenti.
32Of the sons of Joseph, namely, of the sons of Ephraim, by the generations and families and houses of their kindreds, were reckoned up by the names of every one, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war,De' discendenti di Giuseppe, quanto a tutti i figliuoli di Ephraim, da venti anni in su atti alla guerra secondo la loro genealogia, e famiglia, e casa, co' nomi di ciascheduno furon contatiOf the sonnes of Ioseph, namely of the sonnes of Ephraim by the generations families and houses of their kinredes were reckened by the names of euerie one, from the twentith yeare and vpward, al that could goe forth to warre,De filiis Joseph, filiorum Ephraim per generationes et familias ac domos cognationum suarum recensiti sunt per nomina singulorum a vigesimo anno et supra, omnes qui poterant ad bella procedere, 33Forty thousand five hundred.Quaranta mila cinquecento.fourtie thousand fiue hundred.quadraginta millia quingenti. 34Moreover of the sons of Manasses, by the generations and families and houses of their kindreds, were reckoned up by the names of every one from twenty years old and upward, all that could go forth to war,De' figliuoli poi di Manasse tutti quelli che erano atti alla guerra, da' venti anni in su secondo la loro genealogia, e famiglia, e casa, col proprio nome di ciascheduno, furon contatiMoreouer of the sonnes of Manasses, by the generations and families and houses of their kinredes, were reckened by the names of euerie one from twentie yeares and vpward, al that could goe forth to warre,Porro filiorum Manasse per generationes et familias ac domos cognationum suarum recensiti sunt per nomina singulorum a viginti annis et supra, omnes qui poterant ad bella procedere, 35Thirty-two thousand two hundred.Trenta due mila dugento.thirtie two thousand two hundred.triginta duo millia ducenti. 36Of the sons of Benjamin, by their generations and families and houses of their kindreds, were reckoned up by the names of every one from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war,De' discendenti di Beniamin tutti quelli ch'erano atti alla guerra, da' venti anni in su secondo la loro genealogia, e famiglia, e casa, co' proprii nomi di ciascheduno, furono contatiOf the sonnes of Beniamin by the generations and families and houses of their kinredes were reckened by names of euerie one from the twentith yeare and vpward, al that could goe forth to warre,De filiis Benjamin per generationes et familias ac domos cognationum suarum recensiti sunt nominibus singulorum a vigesimo anno et supra, omnes qui poterant ad bella procedere, 37Thirty-five thousand four hundred.Trentacinque mila quattrocento.thirtie fiue thousand foure hundred.triginta quinque millia quadringenti.
38Of the sons of Dan, by their generations and families and houses of their kindreds, were reckoned up by the names of every one from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war,De' discendenti di Dan tutti quelli che erano atti alla guerra, da' venti anni in su secondo la loro genealogia, e famiglia, e casa col proprio nome di ciascheduno, furon contati,Of the sonnes of Dan, by the generations and families, and houses of their kinredes, were reckened by the names of euerie one from twentie yeares and vpward, al that could goe forth to warre,De filiis Dan per generationes et familias ac domos cognationum suarum recensiti sunt nominibus singulorum a vigesimo anno et supra, omnes qui poterant ad bella procedere, 39Sixty-two thousand seven hundred.Sessanta due mila settecento.sixtie two thousand seuen hundred.sexaginta duo millia septingenti. 40Of the sons of Aser, by their generations and families and houses of their kindreds, were reckoned up by the names of every one from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war,De' discendenti di Aser tutti quelli che erano atti alle armi, da' vent'anni in su secondo la loro genealogia, e famiglia, e casa col proprio nome di ciascheduno, furon contatiOf the sonnes of Aser, by the generations and families and houses of their kinredes, were reckened by the names of euerie one from the twentith yeare and vpward, al that could goe forth to warre,De filiis Aser per generationes et familias ac domos cognationum suarum recensiti sunt per nomina singulorum a vigesimo anno et supra, omnes qui poterant ad bella procedere, 41Forty-one thousand and five hundred.Quarantun mila cinquecento.fourtie thousand and a thousand fiue hundred.quadraginta millia et mille quingenti. 42Of the sons of Nephtali, by their generations and families and houses of their kindreds, were reckoned up by the names of every one from twenty years old and upward, were able to go forth to war,De' discendenti di Nephtali tutti quelli che erano atti alla guerra, da' vent'anni in su secondo la loro genealogia, e famiglia, e casa col proprio nome di ciascheduno, furon contatiOf the sonnes of Nephthali, by the generations, and families, and houses of their kinredes were reckened by the names of euerie one from the twentith yeare and vpward, al that could goe forth to warre,De filiis Nephthali per generationes et familias ac domos cognationum suarum recensiti sunt nominibus singulorum a vigesimo anno et supra, omnes qui poterant ad bella procedere, 43Fifty-three thousand four hundred.Cinquanta tre mila quattrocento.fiftie three thousand foure hundred.quinquaginta tria millia quadringenti.
44These are they who were numbered by Moses and Aaron, and the twelve princes of Israel, every one by the houses of their kindreds.Questi sono quelli che furon contati da Mosè e da Aronne, e da' dodici principi d'Israele, ciascuno secondo la propria casa e famiglia.These are they, whom Moyses and Aaron numbered, and the twelue princes of Israel, euerie one by the houses of their kinredes.Hi sunt, quos numeraverunt Moyses et Aaron, et duodecim principes Israël, singulos per domos cognationum suarum. 45And the whole number of the children of Israel by their houses and families, from twenty years old and upward, that were able to go to war,E tutto il numero de' figliuoli d'Israele da' vent'anni in su atti alla guerra noverati secondo le loro case, e famiglie fuAnd the whole number of the children of Israel by their houses and families, from the twentith yeare and vpward, that could goe to warre.Fueruntque omnis numerus filiorum Israël per domos et familias suas a vigesimo anno et supra, qui poterant ad bella procedere, 46Were six hundred and three thousand five hundred and fifty men.Secento tre mila cinquecento cinquanta uomini.Were six hundred three thousand men fiue hundred fiftie.sexcenta tria millia virorum quingenti quinquaginta. 47But the Levites in the tribes of their families were not numbered with them.Ma i Leviti non furono contati con questi nelle famiglie della loro tribù.But the Leuites in the tribe of their families were not numbered with them.Levitæ autem in tribu familiarum suarum non sunt numerati cum eis. 48And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying:Perché il Signore parlò a Mosè, e disse:And our Lord spake to Moyses, saying:Locutusque est Dominus ad Moysen, dicens: 49Number not the tribe of Levi, neither shalt thou put down the sum of them with the children of Israel:Non registrare la tribù di Levi, e non la mettere in conto co' figliuoli d'Israele:Number not the tribe of Leui, neither shalt thou put the summe of them with the children of Israel:Tribum Levi noli numerare, neque pones summam eorum cum filiis Israël: 50But appoint them over the tabernacle of the testimony, and all the vessels thereof, and whatsoever pertaineth to the ceremonies. They shall carry the tabernacle and all the furniture thereof: and they shall minister, and shall encamp round about the tabernacle.Ma da' ad essi la soprintendenza del tabernacolo del testimonio, e di tutti i suoi vasi, e di tutto quello che spetta alle cerimonie. Ei porteranno il tabernacolo, e tutte le cose, che servono ad uso di esso, e saranno occupati nel ministero, e avranno il loro accampamento all'intorno del tabernacolo.but appoint them ouer the tabernacle of testimonie, and al the vessel therof, and whatsoeuer pertaineth to the ceremonies. They shal carie the tabernacle and al the furniture therof: and they shal be in the ministerie, and shal pitch round about the tabernacle.sed constitue eos super tabernaculum testimonii et cuncta vasa ejus, et quidquid ad cæremonias pertinet. Ipsi portabunt tabernaculum et omnia utensilia ejus: et erunt in ministerio, ac per gyrum tabernaculi metabuntur.
51When you are to go forward, the Levites shall take down the tabernacle: when you are to camp, they shall set it up. What stranger soever cometh to it, shall be slain.Quando dovrà farsi viaggio, i Leviti disfaranno il tabernacolo: quando dovrà posarsi il campo, essi lo erigeranno. Se alcuno fuori di essi vi si accosterà, sarà ucciso.When you are to goe forward, the Leuites shal take downe the tabernacle: when you are to campe, they shal set it vp. what stranger soeuer cometh to it, he shal be slaine.Cum proficiscendum fuerit, deponent Levitæ tabernaculum; cum castrametandum, erigent. Quisquis externorum accesserit, occidetur. 52And the children of Israel shall camp every man by his troops and bands and army.E i figliuoli d'Israele pianteranno il loro campo divisi nelle loro squadre, e compagnie, e ordinanze.And the children of Israel shal campe euerie man by his troupes and bands and hoste.Metabuntur autem castra filii Israël unusquisque per turmas et cuneos atque exercitum suum. 53But the Levites shall pitch their tents round about the tabernacle, lest there come indignation upon the multitude of the children of Israel, and they shall keep watch, and guard the tabernacle of the testimony.Ma i Leviti pianteranno le loro tende all'intorno del tabernacolo, affinché io non abbia a mandar l'ira mia sopra la moltitudine de' figliuoli d'Israele, ed essi veglieranno a guardia del tabernacolo del testimonio.Moreouer the Leuites shal pitch their tents round about the tabernacle, lest there come indignation vpon the multitude of the children of Israel, and they shal watch in the custodies of the tabernacle of testimonie.Porro Levitæ per gyrum tabernaculi figent tentoria, ne fiat indignatio super multitudinem filiorum Israël, et excubabunt in custodiis tabernaculi testimonii. 54And the children of Israel did according to all things which the Lord had commanded Moses.Fecero adunque i figliuoli d'Israele tutto quello che il Signore aveva ordinato a Mosè.The children of Israel therfore did according to al thinges which our Lord had commanded Moyses.Fecerunt ergo filii Israël juxta omnia quæ præceperat Dominus Moysi.
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Year of the World 2514, Year before Christ 1490.
First day of the second month, called after the captivity, Jiar, which partly corresponds with our April. These injunctions were given from the tabernacle, (Calmet) in the desert, the 12th station, (Haydock) at the foot of Mount Sinai.
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Houses. The families consisted of the immediate descendants of the 12 patriarchs; the houses were the subdivisions of these. The same plan of numbering the people was adopted on other occasions, Josue 8:16., and 1 Kings 10:20.
Calmet
Sex, between 20 and 60 years of age. All the subjects of the Eastern kings may be called upon, if they be able to bear arms; and hence we find such immense armies in the Scripture, and in profane history. Moses numbered the people once before, (Exodus 30:2,) and found exactly the same number of warriors, the dead being replaced by others, during the space of seven months. Perhaps the odd numbers might not be specified, as all the totals consist of so many exact hundreds, except that of the tribe of Gad, ver. 25. On the former occasion, the people were not perhaps ranged according to their tribes, which was now deemed necessary, as the army was going to begin its march under its respective leaders. (Calmet)
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Menochius
Arms, (fortium). "Strong or brave." The psalmist (civ. 37,) says, there was not one feeble. (Menochius)
Troops. Hebrew, "army." Septuagint, "force." Their officers shall be at their head, and shall assist you in the work. Some might command 1000, others 100, and some only 50. See Exodus 13:18 and 18:21.
Calmet
[Ver. 4.] Princes; the first-born, or most ancient, (Lyranus,) the lineal descendants of the patriarchs; (Jansen) or, in fine, such as were chosen for their merit, as all were equally noble; and hence Nahasson, prince of Juda, is mentioned, though he was not a descendant of the eldest son of Juda, but of Phares; and those who were at the head of those who were numbered a little before the death of Moses, were not the descendants of these, (Numbers 26:64.) In effect, we find that Moses chose for his council, able men out of all Israel, Exodus 18:25. (Bonfrere) (Calmet)
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Haydock
Duel. Hebrew Dehuel. But (Numbers 2:14.) we find the word begins R, as the Septuagint have read, Ragouel. (Haydock)
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Calmet
Army. Hebrew, "of a thousand." The Vulgate commonly styles them tribunes. They were "people of name in the assembly," as the Hebrew indicates. (Calmet)
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Calmet
Levites. As they attended the tabernacle, like God's peculiar servants, and were not obliged to go forth to battle, it was not necessary to number them with the rest. (Calmet)
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Worthington
Stranger, even of any other tribe. (St. Augustine, q. 3.) (Worthington)
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Calmet
Army. Hebrew, "they shall have their respective camp, and follow their own standard, with their army." They were drawn up in four large bodies, Numbers 2:2, etc. (Calmet)
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Haydock
Watch. Lest any thing should offer any indecency to the tabernacle, and thus provoke God's indignation. (Haydock)
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Coming into Aegypt they were but 70. Exo. 1. increased in 216. yeares vnto 603550. not counting the tribe of Leui, nor wemen, nor anie vnder 20. yeares, nor old men vnable to goe to warre.
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Al other tribes were in respect of seruing about the tabernacle called strangers. 3. Aug. q. 3. in Num.
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Origen † AD 254 Origen's Commentary on Matthew 11.3
… But some one might say that, while many ate and according to their desert and capacity participated in the loaves of blessing, some worthy to be numbered, corresponding to the men of twenty years old who are numbered in the Book of Numbers,
St Gregory of Nazianzus † AD 389 Select Orations of Saint Gregory Nazianzen 2.99
99. Who, in fine, is the man who, although he has never applied himself to, nor learnt to speak, the hidden wisdom of God in a mystery, although he is still a babe, still fed with milk, still of those who are not numbered in Israel,
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St Ambrose of Milan † AD 397 On the Duties of the Clergy 1.50
… They shall bear the tabernacle and all the vessels thereof, and they shall minister in it, and shall encamp round about the tabernacle. And when the tabernacle setteth forward the Levites shall take it down, and when the camp is pitched they shall set up the tabernacle again. And the stranger that cometh nigh shall surely be put to death.”
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Early Popes (Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals) The Epistles of Pope Fabian 2.2
… “Take the Levites instead of the first-born among the children of Israel, and the cattle of the Levites instead of their cattle; and the Levites shall be mine: I am the Lord.” If the Lord willed the Levites to be His own, how much more has He taken the priests for Himself! And of these He says: “If any stranger cometh nigh, he shall be put to death.”
1:1
AND THE LORD SPOKE, — namely the angel of the Lord, bearing the person of God: for all these things are said and done through an angel, as I have shown in Exodus III, 2; Leviticus I, 1. For God uses angels as it were administrative spirits, so that through them He may enlighten men; for this is a fitting and pleasant order of divine Providence. Although therefore the people believed that God Himself had spoken with Moses and had directly delivered these precepts to him, Moses nevertheless from continual conversation with him, finally understood that it was not God, but an angel of God. For he dealt with him constantly and most familiarly. Thus Abulensis. After therefore Moses recognized him to be an angel, he did not adore him with latria, but in this adoration he directed his mind to God, the Lord of the angel. And so this angel is called Lord, both because he represented the Lord; and because the people thought him to be not an angel, but the Lord. See the words in Exodus XX, 1 and 2. IN THE DESERT OF SINAI. — For all these things from the first chapter until chapter X, verse 11, were done in the twelfth encampment which was in Sinai, as I have shown in Exodus chapter XIX, verse 1. IN THE TABERNACLE. — Not therefore at the door of the tabernacle, in the sight of the people (as sometimes elsewhere) did God, that is the angel of God, speak with Moses here, but from the Holy of Holies itself, namely from the mercy seat, as is evident in chapter VII, verse last.
1:2
TAKE THE SUM OF THE WHOLE CONGREGATION OF THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL, — that is to say, Take, or make a count of all the Hebrews, or Israelites. In Hebrew it is ve ros, that is take the head, that is count, or number all the heads of the Hebrews. The Septuagint translates it, labete archen, take the rule, dominion and extent of the people, that is, number the people, so that you may see how far his dominion and strength extend; for in the number and multitude of the people consists and is determined the people's dominion, jurisdiction and strength. Note: The people were numbered three times in the desert. First, in Sinai before the construction of the tabernacle, for the contribution to be made for it, Exodus chapter XXXVIII, verse 25. Second, a few months after it, namely after the tabernacle was constructed and set up, and this for the reason to be mentioned shortly. This second census is dealt with in this chapter. Whence also the number of the people here is the same as that which was in the former census, Exodus XXXVIII, 25. For although twenty-three thousand were slain between the two censuses, on account of the worship of the golden calf, nevertheless others of the same number entered in their place in the meantime, namely those who had completed their twentieth year in these few months. Third, after many years Israel was numbered, not in Sinai, but in the plains of Moab, and this to distribute to them the promised land, which they were about to enter, concerning which it will be dealt with below, chapter XXVI. You ask, why was the census of the people repeated here after a few months? I answer: This was done first, to arrange the camps of the Hebrews, which were soon to be moved from Sinai, and to arrange the line of warriors better and more orderly. Second, so that the census and number of the multitude of each tribe might be certain and exact, to this end, that the arrangement and suitable distribution of all the tribes in the camps, around the tabernacle recently erected, might be made. Note secondly: In this numbering each individual numbered paid half a shekel. For thus the Lord had commanded, Exodus XXX, 12. Note thirdly: No proselytes, no Egyptians, or those descended from other nations, of which there was a great multitude among the Hebrews, as is evident in Exodus XII, 38, are numbered here; but only and all Israelite males (except the Levites) who had completed their twentieth year. Wherefore neither children nor women were numbered, because on account of their weaker age or sex they were unfit for wars, and were not held apt for divine calculations, says Origen, homily 1; where he also assigns this tropological reason for the matter: "Unless, he says, there remains in any of us either a childish, or a slippery sense, or a feminine and slack sluggishness, or we bear Egyptian and barbarous customs, we do not deserve to be held in the holy and consecrated number before God. For innumerable are said to be those who perish with Solomon, but all those are numbered who are saved," namely those who fight with the enemy, contend and conquer; hence Christ says to His own: "All the hairs of your head are numbered;" and the Psalmist: "He who numbers the multitude of the stars, and calls names to them all."
1:3
FROM THE TWENTIETH YEAR AND UPWARD,—because from this year the age of warriors begins, and extends thence to the sixtieth year, and further still; for all and only those are numbered here who could proceed to war, as is evident in the enumeration of the individual tribes; wherefore plainly the very decrepit, for example those eighty years old, were not numbered here, although Abulensis wishes it. OF ALL THE MIGHTY MEN.—Hence it is clear that all the Israelites by the wonderful providence of God were strong in the desert, no one weak, no one sick; for all were numbered: and all who were numbered were strong, as is here said; and this is what the Psalmist sings: "There was not a feeble person among their tribes."
1:4
AND THERE SHALL BE WITH YOU PRINCES OF THE TRIBES.—The prince of a tribe was the firstborn, who descended directly from the head of the tribe itself, or from the patriarch, for example from Judah, through the line of firstborns; in like manner the princes of families, of which in chapter XXVI, were the firstborn of that family. Thus also now in some kingdoms, especially in Scotland, Ireland, England, the princes of families are the firstborn, and those who descend first from these, and to whom the whole family in civil matters, in wars, indeed even in avenging injuries clings inseparably as to leaders. For in camps almost the whole force of war consists in the leader and prince. Whence an army of deer with a lion as leader is better and more formidable than an army of lions with a deer as leader. Brasidas in Thucydides required three things in a good soldier: to will, to fear, to obey; thus three things are required in a leader: wisdom, fortitude, vigilance. Whence Charles V used to say that in camps he would prefer an Italian as leader; for Italians are vigilant, shrewd and spirited. Such are often, or are presumed to be, the firstborn: wherefore here they are chosen as leaders. Except here the princes of the Levites: for these were not always firstborn, but were appointed at pleasure; this is gathered from the fact that Elisaphan, prince of the Caathites, had as father Oziel, the youngest of the sons of Caath, son of Levi, as is evident in chapter III, verses 19 and 30. Allegorically and tropologically, these twelve princes represented the twelve Apostles, and apostolic men, who led all Israel, that is all the Gentiles, out of Egypt, that is out of the straits of sin, freed them from Pharaoh, that is from the devil, and led them into Chanaan, that is into heaven. Thus Thomas led the Indians, Andrew the Greeks, John the Asians, Thaddaeus the Mesopotamians, the Chanaanite the Egyptians, Bartholomew the Armenians: let these be spurs to us. Let priests hear, let theologians hear, let pastors and prelates hear, let religious hear St. Chrysostom, homily 47 on Matthew: "If twelve men, namely the Apostles, leavened almost the whole mass of the world; consider in your mind how great is our malice and sloth, who although we are now innumerable, cannot convert these remaining nations, we who ought to satisfy a thousand worlds." Look down upon us from on high, Lord Jesus, send upon us the fire which Thou camest to cast upon the earth, and which Thou didst wish to be kindled vehemently. Thou didst send this fire, to pass over others, upon St. Xavier, that he might lead the Indians and Japanese; upon Gaspar Barzaeus, that he might lead the Hormuzians; upon Andrew Oviedo, that he might lead the Abyssinians; upon Matthew Ricci, that he might lead the Chinese; upon Joseph Anchieta, that he might lead the Brazilians: send the same upon us. O Society of Jesus (for it is permitted to a son to address his sweetest mother, to whom he owes all that he has), thou who strivest to propagate the kingdom of Jesus throughout the whole world, thou who hast received from God the apostolic spirit of Jesus, thou who traversest lands and seas even to the Chinese and Indians, thou who accountest thyself cosmopolitan, thou who bravely endureth hunger, thirst, heat, cold, shipwrecks, persecutions, deaths, martyrdoms for Jesus; thou who with golden wings of charity embracest barbarous, poor, wretched nations; thou who freest innumerable thousands of souls rushing into hell, and leadest them into heaven: well done, continue what thou continuest, act valiantly what thou actest, spare not thy sweat, thy blood, thy life: "Prosper, proceed successfully, and reign." There shall be fruit to thy labor: there shall be reward to thy work, and a reward exceeding great, when after thee thou shalt lead flocks of souls to be saved, which shall hold their salvation accepted from thee before God and the angels for all eternity. Glory goes by a steep and difficult path.
1:5
CONCERNING REUBEN. — Note: The tribes and patriarchs, namely the 12 sons of Jacob, are here enumerated in the order of their mothers, so that first are numbered the sons of Jacob's first wife, namely Leah: namely first, Reuben; second, Simeon; third, Judah; fourth, Issachar; fifth, Zebulun: then of Rachel, namely sixth, Ephraim; seventh, Manasseh; eighth, Benjamin: third of the handmaids, namely ninth, Dan; tenth, Asher; eleventh, Gad; twelfth, Naphtali: where note that the order is confused in Naphtali; for Naphtali, as also Dan, was the son of Bilhah, and consequently Asher and Gad, the sons of Zilpah, ought to have been placed before him; for Bilhah was Jacob's third wife, whom Rachel substituted for herself, being barren: but Zilpah was Jacob's fourth wife, whom Leah added to Jacob, when she ceased to bear. Different from this is the order of these tribes a little later, vers. 20 et seq., where the number of heads in each tribe is taken up: for there is described the order of the encampment of the camps, which each tribe had around the tabernacle. Whence there first are Reuben, Simeon and Gad, who pitched their camps to the South of the tabernacle; second are Judah, Issachar and Zebulun, who were to the East of the tabernacle; third are the sons of Rachel, namely Ephraim, Manasseh and Benjamin, who were to the West of the tabernacle; fourth are Dan, Asher and Naphtali, who were to the North of the tabernacle, concerning which more in the following chapter.
1:9
OF THE SONS OF JOSEPH: CONCERNING EPHRAIM. — Note: The tribe of Joseph was divided by his father Jacob into two, namely into Ephraim and Manasseh, who were two sons of Joseph, adopted by their grandfather Jacob, as I said at Genesis XLVIII, 5. Again, Ephraim is here placed before Manasseh, because he was preferred to him by his grandfather Jacob at Genesis XLVIII, 19; and therefore Josephus, lib. III Antiq. cap. XI, says that Ephraim succeeded his father, and was both and called the tribe of Joseph: but Manasseh was substituted in place of Levi to complete the number of 12 tribes, according to the 12 sons of Jacob. For these were the 12 Patriarchs, that is, twelve heads and princes of the tribes descended from them. For Levi is here and elsewhere not numbered, as is evident from vers. 49.
1:16
THESE MOST NOBLE. — In Hebrew kerie haeda (which the Spanish call by a similar word criados del Rey), that is, called of the congregation, who namely were called out from the tribe by Moses and selected as princes of the tribes, and who were accustomed to be called by him to the council, in which the common good of the people and tribes was discussed. Thus Vatablus and Oleaster. The Chaldean translates, these called of the congregation, that is, these illustrious and famous, as being princes of the tribes. Thus in three ways these 12 princes are said to be kerie, that is called: first, because they were called by God and Moses to be princes and leaders of the people through the desert into Chanaan. Second, because they were called to the senate and council. Third, called, that is named, famous, distinguished, illustrious among the people. To this St. Paul alludes when, Rom. 1, 1, and often elsewhere he says: "Paul called an Apostle." For these 12 princes of the tribes were a type of the twelve Apostles. Whence first, as these were called by Moses to the principate, so the Apostles were called to the apostolate, that is, the principate of the Church. Second, as these were the senate and council of the Synagogue, so the Apostles of the Church. Third, as these were called, that is named and famous, so also the Apostles.
1:17
WHOM MOSES AND AARON TOOK WITH ALL THE MULTITUDE OF THE PEOPLE. — "Took," that is, enrolled and convoked as the chief men and princes of the people. The Hebrew, Chaldean and Septuagint refer the multitude of the people to the following verse, but with nearly the same sense. For thus they have, and Moses and Aaron took the men whom they called, or declared by names, period; and they gathered together all the congregation on the first day of the month, etc.
1:20
BY GENERATIONS, AND FAMILIES, AND THEIR HOUSES. — Generation, or kinship here, is common to family and house: the word therefore here signifies, that is to say, "By generations," that is, by families and houses; for family signifies an ample generation, or kinship, and comprises many houses under itself: but house is any particular family, or kinship. Therefore the census of the people was made in this order, so that first Moses and Aaron would enter the number of families of each tribe; then they would number all houses, or particular families of each common family, or kinship; third they would number the heads of each house. Tropologically Rupert says: These, he says, names of all of us signify our profession, who run in the present life, and are not baptized in cloud and sea, but in that which is signified by these things, and we eat spiritual food, and drink spiritual drink from the rock, which is now not in figure, but in truth Christ. Reuben therefore is he who bears many sons to God: for Reuben in Hebrew is the same as seeing sons. Elisur is the same as my father is strong. Sedeur is the same as the light of breasts. Simeon is hearing sadness, or obedient. Salamiel is the same as God repaying me, or my peace is God. Surisaddai is containing my breasts, or my Lord is strong. Judah is confession. Nahshon is serpentine (prudent and serpent), or augury. Aminadab is the willing one of my people. Issachar is wages. Nathanael is the gift of God. Suar is small. Zebulun is the dwelling of strength, or of sorrow. Eliab is my God my father. Helon is the army's strength. Joseph is increase. Ephraim is fruit-bearing, or growing. Elisama is the same as my God has heard. Ammihud is my people renowned. Manasseh is forgetfulness. Gamaliel is the recompense of God. Phadasur is strong redemption. Benjamin is the son of the right hand. Abidan is my father is judge. Gideon is the succession of iniquity; for Rupert wrongly from St. Jerome in the Hebrew Names (which book does not appear to be St. Jerome's, or certainly these and similar things poorly suited to him have been inserted by some ignorant person) thinks Gideon is the same as the temptation of iniquity. Dan is judgment. Ahiezer is my brother my helper. Ammisaddai is my people sufficient. Asher is blessed. Phegiel is the same as meet me, O God. Ochran is the same as it troubled them, namely the infernal powers. Gad is girded. Eliasaph is the same as my God has gathered. Duel is the same as know God. Naphtali is twisting, or wrestling. Rupert from St. Jerome, Naphtali, he says, is the same as pata li, that is he enlarged me; but this is not the origin of the name Naphtali, but the former already mentioned, as is evident Genesis chapter xxx, verse 8. Ahira is my brother's friend. Henan is cloud. Such ought to be true Israelites, sons of Abraham, namely the faithful; especially the Princes and Prelates of the Church, to whom Rabanus adapts all these things individually.
1:47
BUT THE LEVITES IN THE TRIBE OF THEIR FAMILIES WERE NOT NUMBERED WITH THEM. — Not because it was forbidden to the Levites to proceed to war and to fight: for the contrary is evident in the Maccabees, who, although they were Levites, were nevertheless most warlike, and in the Levites who with Moses slew the worshippers of the golden calf, Exodus XXXII, 28. For neither did the Levites of the old law handle such sacred things as the priests of the new law handle, who therefore ought to abstain from war and the shedding of blood: but because in the encampment of the camps the Levites were not placed with the other tribes, for the reason that they were occupied in ministries around the tabernacle itself, as is evident from verse 50, and therefore they were separate from the 12 tribes, as a part and tribe of the Lord, dedicated to his service. Allegorically, the Israelites and their twelve tribes signify the faithful of all nations, who are numbered and inscribed in the catalogue of the Church, and in the book of life, at least in the beginning. To this Christ alludes, Matthew xix, 28, where he says the Apostles will judge the 12 tribes of Israel, that is all the faithful of all nations; and St. Paul, Romans ix, 8, where he teaches that any faithful are Israelites, and sons of Abraham, not according to the flesh, but according to the spirit. And St. John, Revelation xxi, 10 and 12, where he saw the new Jerusalem descending from heaven, having 12 gates, and inscribed on them the names of the 12 tribes of Israel; for the 12 tribes signify the universality of the Saints: for the number twelve is a perfect number, and therefore is a symbol of universality; I shall say more about this chapter II, verse 2, Question III.
1:50
AND WHATEVER PERTAINS TO THE CEREMONIES, — that is, all the vessels and all the furnishings pertaining to the worship, rites and ministries of the tabernacle; whence in Hebrew it is, and whatever pertains to it, namely the tabernacle. AND THEY SHALL PITCH THEIR TENTS ROUND ABOUT THE TABERNACLE. — By the tabernacle here understand also its court at the same time, as if to say the Levites around the court, as it were custodians and ministers of it, shall pitch their camps, lest others, namely laymen, pitch their camps nearer to the court and tabernacle, and this for the worship and reverence of the court and tabernacle and of God himself. Therefore Moses and Aaron were at the door of the tabernacle, namely to the East; but the Gersonites to the West of the tabernacle; the Merarites to the North; the Caathites to the South, as is said in chapter III; then the twelve tribes surrounded themselves on all sides around these.
1:51
WHEN THEY SHALL PITCH CAMP, — when camps are to be pitched and set up; for the pitching of camps is opposed to their departure. WHOSOEVER OF STRANGERS SHALL COME NEAR, SHALL BE PUT TO DEATH, — as if to say, if anyone who is not of the tribe of Levi shall come near, so as to pitch camp with the Levites, near the court; or shall presume to set up and erect the tabernacle, or to carry it, he shall be put to death, either by a judge, or by God with a special punishment. God established this, as I have said, out of reverence for the sacred place, namely the tabernacle which was as it were a mobile temple of the Hebrews through the desert; whence he adds: "Lest indignation come upon the multitude of the children of Israel," if namely they themselves presume against this commandment of mine to approach the court of the tabernacle, and to pitch their camps.
1:52
BY COMPANIES AND DIVISIONS. — In Hebrew, by their standards, concerning which in the following chapter.
1:53
AND THEY SHALL KEEP WATCH IN THE CUSTODY OF THE TABERNACLE OF THE TESTIMONY, — as if to say, the Levites shall vigilantly guard the tabernacle and its vessels, especially lest anyone of strangers approach it or defile it. It is called "the tabernacle of the testimony," that is of the law, because it contained the stone tablets of the divine law, or the Decalogue, as I have said in Exodus xxv, 16.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
1:1
NUMBERS. - Literal translation of the Greek Ἀριθμοί, in the sense of "censuses," with which the translator of the Septuagint entitled the 4th book of the Pentateuch, on account of the characteristic censuses with which it begins (Num. 1:1-4:26). On the whole it is a book of a historical character, which follows the narratives of Exodus (v.), and, with certain connections offered by Deuteronomy, continues into Joshua; …
… This plain, over which Jebel Musa rises by only 644 m., traversed by wadis and watered by springs, about 1200 m. long and about 900 m. wide, with great possibilities for pasture, is identified with the midhbar Sinaj (Ex. 19:2; Num. 1:1; 35:15), from where the people witnessed the divine proclamation of the Law. Steep cliffs prevent the ascent of the mountain (Ex. 19:72, 93); at two-thirds of its height there is a …
1:7
Aaron (Heb. 'Ahărān, of uncertain etymology)
A. had married Elisabeth, daughter of Amminadab of the tribe of Judah (Ex. 6:23; Num. 1:7), by whom he had four sons: Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar (v.). …
1:8
The name occurs in the Old Testament (Heb. Nēthān'ēl, Septuagint Nēthān'ēl), where it designates a chief of the tribe of Issachar at the time of the exodus (Num. 1:8; 2:5; 7:18-23; 10:15) and ten other personages, who appear only once, in the books of Chronicles, in Esth. 10:22; Neh. 12:21; Jud. 8:1 (Vulgate Nathanias). …
1:9
Eliab (Heb. "Il My God Is Father")
1. Son of Helon and chief of the tribe of Zebulun at the time of the census in the desert of Sinai (Num. 1:9; 2:7; 10:16). Like the other tribal chiefs he offered rich gifts to Yahweh (Num. 7:24-29).
1:10
Elisama (Heb. 'Elīlāmā' "God Hears")
1. A leader of the tribe of Ephraim (Num. 1:10; 2:18; 7:48; 10:22); the grandfather of Joshua (I Chr. 7:20).
… The tribe, in the second year of the exodus, had as its head Elishama, son of Ammihud (Num. 1:10), and counted 40,500 warriors, around Sinai, and 32,500 in the plains of Moab. …
SINAI. - Mountainous region, also called Horeb (v.), where the Israelites, three months after their departure from Egypt (Ex. 19:1), encamped for about a year (Num. 1:10), receiving there from Moses, their leader, their religious and civil organization.
1:13
ACHAN. - Son of Charmi, of the tribe of Judah (Heb. 'Akān "afflicting" [?]; Septuagint 'Aẓāp; cf. the name ākran in Num. 1:13; 2:27). Taking part in the conquest of Jericho, heedless of the divine anathema, he hid underground in his own tent a scarlet cloak, 200 shekels of gold and a wedge of gold, belonging to the enemies. …
… One of the three princes is called 'h-r-m (a similar name in Num. 1:13; the etymology is uncertain, as is that of E., 'n-q). …
… At the departure from Egypt, 57,000 and 60,500 (Num. 1:13; 26:27) men fit for arms descended from Z. are recorded, to be understood in relation to the other numbers of the two remarkable censuses. …
1:14
Eliasaph (Heb. 'Eljasaph "God Increases")
ELIASAPH (Heb. 'Eljasaph "God Increases"). - 1. Son of Duel (De'ā'el), chief of the tribe of Dan at the time of the census carried out by Moses and when the Hebrews left Sinai (Num. 1:14; 2:14). Like the other tribal chiefs, he presented the offerings of the descendants of Dan for the sacrifices (Num. 7:42, 47).
1:22
Simeon (Heb. Šim'ôn; Gr. Symzōn)
The decline of the tribe appears already from the desert period: the Simeonites fit for arms at Sinai numbered 59,300 (Num. 1:22), in the steppes of Moab only 22,200 (ibid. 26:12-14). The occupation of the territory assigned to S. took place with the help of Judah (Judg. 1:3, 17), which kept the best part: what …
1:24
The tribe of G. is mentioned for the first time in Num. 1:24, when its 45,650 men fit for arms are counted. …
1:26
The tribe of J. is the most numerous (Num. 1:26 ff.; 26:19-21); its principal families are listed in Num. 26:19-21; I Chron. 2. In the desert it holds the first place in the arrangement of the camp and of the march (Num. 2:3-9; …
1:28
… sons Thola, Phua, Iasub and Semran (Gen. 46:13; Num. 26:23; I Chron. 7:1), I. went down with Jacob into Egypt, where the descendants of his sons multiplied so greatly that at the time of the exodus the tribe counted 54,400 warriors in the first census (Num. 1:28-29) and 64,300 in the second (Num. 13:8). Igal represented the tribe in the exploration of Canaan (Num. 13:8) and Phaltiel in the commission for the partition of the territory (Num. 34:26).
1:32
… half of the tribe joined that of Reuben and Gad in asking Moses to be allowed to settle in the territory of the defeated kings and obtained the concession, undertaking to take part with all the tribes in the conquest of Canaan (ibid. 32:33-42; cf. 1:32; 34:14-15; Deut. 3:12-13; 29:8; Josh. 1:12-8; 12:4-6; 18:7). The territory assigned by Moses in Transjordan extended from the south from Mahanaim (v.) on the Jabbok, as far as …
1:34
In the first census in the desert the tribe of M. counted 37,000 fighting men (Num. 1:34-35); in the second it exceeded 52,000 (ibid. 26:34). After the conquest of the territory of the kingdoms of Sihon and Og in Transjordan, half of the tribe joined that of Reuben and …
1:36
At Sinai, shortly after the exodus from Egypt, the tribe of B. numbered 35,400 members (Num. 1:36). In the steppes of Moab, after about 40 years, it numbered 43,700 (Num. 26:41). These figures were obtained by counting only men fit for arms, from twenty to fifty years of age, one …
1:38
2. Tribe, which numbered, near Sinai, 62,700 men fit for arms (Num. 1:38 ff.), surpassed only by Judah, which numbered 74,600. It developed little, however: in the plain of Moab the Danites fit for arms were 64,400 (Num. 26:42 ff.). …
1:41
… This tribe, which appears in the lists of the various censuses with a number now of 41,500 (Num. 1:41), now of 53,400 (Num. 26:47) men, never exercised much influence in the history of the Hebrew people: hence it is rarely mentioned (Judg. 5:17; 7:23; 1 Chron. 12:36; 1 Kings 4:6). …
1:44
… The tribes were subdivided into kindreds (mišpāhōth) and households (bēth 'ābhōth, bāttim): cf., for example, Josh. 7, 14. Acquiring administrative value, the tribes had "chiefs" (nāšī, princeps), whose names are known for certain periods, such as the Mosaic one (Num. 1, 44, in the desert; 1 Chron. 27, 16 ff., for the age of David, etc.). …
1:53
Mesha (Hebrew Mēša', 2 Kings 3; Stele: Meša')
… "And there came great wrath (from Yahweh; cf. Num. 1:53; 18:5; etc.) against the Israelites, who departed from him (M.) and returned to their own land" (II Kings 3:4-27). However this mysterious phrase is explained, it attests the failure …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.