God commandeth Josue to divide the land: the possessions of Ruben, Gad, and half the tribe of Manasses, beyond the Jordan.
God commandeth Iosue to diuide the land (describing the limites therof) amongst nine tribes and a half. 8. with a recapitulation of the partes already geuen, on the other side Iordan, to the other two tribes and a half. The tribe of Leui (v. 14. &. 33.) hath their prouision in other maner.
1Josue was old, and far advanced in years, and the Lord said to him: Thou art grown old, and advanced in age, and there is a very large country left, which is not yet divided by lot:Giosuè era vecchio, e avanzato in età, e il Signore gli disse: Tu se' invecchiato, e se' in là cogli anni, e rimane un'ampia terra che è ancor da dividersi a sorte;IOSVE was old, and striken in age, and our Lord said to him: Thou art old, and of a great age, and there is a verie large countrie left, which is not yet diuided by lotte:Josue senex provectæque ætatis erat, et dixit Dominus ad eum: Senuisti, et longævus es, terraque latissima derelicta est, quæ necdum sorte divisa est: 2To wit, all Galilee, Philistia, and all Gessuri.Vale a dire tutta la Galilea, il paese de' Filistei, e tutto quello de' Gessuri,to witte, al Galilee, Philisthijm, and al Gessuri.omnis videlicet Galilæa, Philisthiim, et universa Gessuri. 3From the troubled river, that watereth Egypt, unto the border of Accaron northward: the land of Chanaan, which is divided among the lords of the Philistines, the Gazites, the Azotians, the Ascalonites, the Gethites, and the Accronites.Dal torbido fiume che inaffia l'Egitto fino a' confini di Accaron verso tramontana: la terra di Chanaan che è divisa tra cinque re Filistei, quel di Gaza, e quel di Azoto, quello di Ascalon, quel di Geth, e quello di Accaron;From the trubled riuer, that watereth Aegypt, vnto the borders of Accaron against the North: the Land of Chanaan, which is diuided vnto fiue Lordes of the Philisthiimes, the Gazeites, the Azotians, the Ascalonites, the Getheites, and the Accaronites.A fluvio turbido, qui irrigat Ægyptum, usque ad terminos Accaron contra aquilonem: terra Chanaan, quæ in quinque regulos Philisthiim dividitur, Gazæos, et Azotios, Ascalonitas, Gethæos, et Accaronitas. 4And on the south side are the Hevites, all the land of Chanaan, and Maara of the Sidonians as far as Apheca, and the borders of the Amorrhite,(A mezzodì de' quali sono gli Hevei); tutta la terra di Chanaan, e Maara de' Sidoni, fino ad Apheca, e ai confini degli Amorrhei,But on the South side are the Heueites, al the Land of Chanaan, and Maara of the Sidonians as farre as Apheca, and the borders of the Amorrheite,Ad meridiem vero sunt Hevæi, omnis terra Chanaan, et Maara Sidoniorum, usque Apheca et terminos Amorrhæi, 5And his confines. The country also of Libanus towards the east from Baalgad under mount Hermon to the entering into Emath.E il paese vicino: il paese ancora del Libano verso levante da Baalgad sotto il monte Hermon fino che si giunga a Emath,and his confines. The countrie also of Libanus against the East from Baalgad vnder mount Hermon, til thou enter into Emath.ejusque confinia. Libani quoque regio contra orientem, a Baalgad sub monte Hermon, donec ingrediaris Emath;
6Of all that dwell in the mountains from Libanus, to the waters of Maserephoth, and all the Sidonians. I am he that will cut them off from before the face of the children of Israel. So let their land come in as a part of the inheritance of Israel, as I have commanded thee.E la terra di quelli che abitano nelle montagne, dal Libano fino alle acque di Maserephoth, e quella di tutti i Sidoni. Io sono, che gli sterminerò dal cospetto de' figliuoli d'Israele. Entri adunque Israele al possesso della sua eredità, come io ti ordinai.Of al that dwel in the mountaine from Libanus, vnto the Waters Maserephoth, and al the Sidonians. I am he that wil destroy them from the face of the children of Israel. Let it come therfore into a portion of the inheritance of Israel, as I haue commanded thee.omnium qui habitant in monte a Libano usque ad aquas Maserephoth, universique Sidonii. Ego sum qui delebo eos a facie filiorum Israël. Veniat ergo in partem hæreditatis Israël, sicut præcepi tibi. 7And now divide the land in possession to the nine tribes, and to the half tribe of Manasses,E distribuisci adesso la terra che dee toccare alle nove tribù, e alla mezza tribù di Manasse.And now diuide the Land in possession to the nine tribes, and to the half tribe of Manasses,Et nunc divide terram in possessionem novem tribubus, et dimidiæ tribui Manasse, 8With whom Ruben and Gad have possessed the land, which Moses the servant of the Lord delivered to them beyond the river Jordan, on the east side.Con la metà di esso Manasse la tribù di Ruben, e di Gad preser possesso della terra data loro da Mosè servo del Signore di là dalla corrente del Giordano all'oriente,with the which Ruben & Gad haue possessed the Land, which Moyses the seruant of our Lord deliuered to them beyond the streames of Iordan, on the east side.cum qua Ruben et Gad possederunt terram, quam tradidit eis Moyses famulus Domini trans fluenta Jordanis, ad orientalem plagam. 9From Aroer, which is upon the bank of the torrent Arnon, and in the midst of the valley and all the plains of Medaba, as far as Dibon:Da Aroer che situata sulla riva del torrente Arnon e nel mezzo della valle; e tutta la campagna da Medaba sino a Dibon:From Aroer, which is situate on the banke of the torrent Arnon, and in the middes of the valley, and al the champayne of Medaba, as farre as Dibon:Ab Aroër, quæ sita est in ripa torrentis Arnon, et in vallis medio, universaque campestria Medaba, usque Dibon, 10And all the cities of Sehon, king of the Amorrhites, who reigned in Hesebon, unto the borders of the children of Ammon.E tutte le città di Sehon re degli Amorrhei, che regnò in Hesebon fino a' confini dei figliuoli di Ammon:and al the cities of Cehon, the King of the Amorrheite, which reigned in Hesebon vnto the borders of the children of Ammon.et cunctas civitates Sehon regis Amorrhæi, qui regnavit in Hesebon, usque ad terminos filiorum Ammon,
11And Galaad, and the borders of Gessuri and Machati, and all mount Hermon, and all Basan as far as Salecha,E Galaad, e i confini di Gessuri e di Machati, e tutto il monte di Hermon, e tutto Basan fino a Salecha,And Galaad, and the border of Gessuri and Maccati, and al mount Hermon, and al Basan, as farre as Salecha,et Galaad, ac terminum Gessuri et Machati, et omnem montem Hermon, et universam Basan, usque ad Salecha, 12All the kingdom of Og in Basan, who reigned in Astaroth and Edrai, he was of the remains of the Raphaims: and Moses overthrew and destroyed them.Tutto il regno di Og nel paese di Basan, il quale regnò in Astaroth, ed Edrai; egli fu un rampollo de' Raphaimi: Mosè sconfisse costoro, e li distrusse.al the Kingdome of Og in Basan, which reigned in Astaroth and Edrai, he was of the reliques of the Raphaims: and Moyses stroke, and destroyed them.omne regnum Og in Basan, qui regnavit in Astaroth et Edrai, ipse fuit de reliquiis Raphaim: percussitque eos Moyses, atque delevit. 13And the children of Israel would not destroy Gessuri and Machati and they have dwelt in the midst of Israel, until this present day.E i figliuoli d'Israele non vollero sperdere que' di Gessuri, e di Machati: e son restati in mezzo ad Israele sino a questo tempo.And the children of Israel would not destroy Gessuri and Machati: and they haue dwelt in the middes of Israel vntil this present day.Nolueruntque disperdere filii Israël Gessuri et Machati: et habitaverunt in medio Israël usque in præsentem diem. 14But to the tribe of Levi he gave no possession: but the sacrifices and victims of the Lord God of Israel, are his inheritance, as he spoke to him.Or (Mosè) non diede nulla da possedere alla tribù di Levi; ma i sacrifizii, e le vittime del Signore Dio d'Israele sono la sua porzione, come ha detto a lei il Signore.But to the tribe of Leui he gaue no possession: but the sacrifices and victimes of our Lord the God of Israel, that is his inheritance, as he spake to him.Tribui autem Levi non dedit possessionem: sed sacrificia et victimæ Domini Dei Israël, ipsa est ejus hæreditas, sicut locutus est illi. 15And Moses gave a possession to the children of Ruben according to their kindreds.Mosè adunque diede la sua porzione alla tribù de' figliuoli di Ruben secondo le loro famiglie.Moyses therfore gaue possession to the children of Ruben according to their kinredes.Dedit ergo Moyses possessionem tribui filiorum Ruben juxta cognationes suas. 16And their border was from Aroer, which is on the bank of the torrent Arnon, and in the midst of the valley of the same torrent: all the plain, that leadeth to Medaba,E fu loro assegnato il terreno da Aroer (che è situata sulla riva del torrente Arnon e in mezzo alla valle, dov'è quel torrente), tutta la pianura che va fino a Medaba;And their border was from Aroer, which is situate on the banke of the torrent Arnon, and in the middes of the valley of the same torrent: al the plaine, that leadeth to Medaba,Fuitque terminus eorum ab Aroër, quæ sita est in ripa torrentis Arnon, et in valle ejusdem torrentis media: universam planitiem, quæ ducit Medaba, 17And Hesebon, and all their villages, which are in the plains. Dibon also, and Bamothbaal, and the town of Baalmaon,Ed Hesebon con tutti i suoi borghi, che sono nelle pianure: e parimente Dibon, e Bamoth-baal, e la città di Baalmaon,and Hesebon, and al their villages, which are in the champayne. Dibon also, and Bamothbaal, and the towne Ba••maon,et Hesebon, cunctosque viculos earum, qui sunt in campestribus: Dibon quoque et Bamothbaal, et oppidum Baalmaon, 18And Jassa, and Cidimoth, and Mephaath,E Jassa, e Cedimoth, e Mephaath,and Iassa, and Cedimoth, and Mephaath,et Jassa, et Cedimoth, et Mephaath, 19And Cariathaim, and Sabama, and Sarathasar in the mountain of the valley.E Cariathaim, e Sabama, e Sarathasar nel monte della valle;and Cariathaim, and Sabama, and Sarathasar in the mountaine of the Valley.et Cariathaim, et Sabama, et Sarathasar in monte convallis.
20Bethphogor and Asedoth, Phasga and Bethiesimoth,Bethophogor, e Asedoth, Phasga, e Bethiesimoth:Bethfogor and Asedoth, Phasga and Bethiesimoth,Bethphogor et Asedoth, Phasga et Bethiesimoth, 21And all the cities of the plain, and all the kingdoms of Sehon king of the Amorrhites, that reigned in Hesebon, whom Moses slew with the princes of Madian: Hevi, and Recem, and Sur and Hur, and Rebe, dukes of Sehon inhabitants of the land.E tutte le città del piano, e tutti i regni di Sehon re degli Amorrhei, il quale regnò in Hesebon, il quale fu sconfitto da Mosè co' principi di Madian, Hevi, e Recem, e Sur, e Hur, e Rebe capitani di Sehon abitanti di quel paese.and al the champayne cities, and al the Kingdomes of Sehon the King of the Amorrheite, that reigned in Hesebon, whom Moyses stroke with the princes of Ma ian: the Heueite, & Recem, and Sur, and Hur, and Rebe Dukes of Sehon inhabitantes of the Land.et omnes urbes campestres, universaque regna Sehon regis Amorrhæi, qui regnavit in Hesebon, quem percussit Moyses cum principibus Madian: Hevæum, et Recem, et Sur, et Hur, et Rebe duces Sehon habitatores terræ. 22Balaam also the son of Beor the soothsayer, the children of Israel slew with the sword among the rest that were slain.(I figliuoli d'Israele fecer morir di spada insieme con tutti gli altri anche Baal figliuolo di Beor, indovino).And Balaam the sonne of Beor the soothsayer, did the children of Israel kil by the sword with the rest that were slayne.Et Balaam filium Beor ariolum occiderunt filii Israël gladio cum ceteris interfectis. 23And the river Jordan was the border of the children of Ruben. This is the possession of the Rubenites, by their kindreds, of cities and villages.E il Giordano fu il confine de' figliuoli di Ruben. Ecco la terra, e la città, e i borghi assegnati a' Rubeniti secondo le loro famiglie.And the riuer of Iordan was made the border of the children of Ruben. This is the possession of the Rubenites by their kinredes of cities and villages.Factusque est terminus filiorum Ruben Jordanis fluvius. Hæc est possessio Rubenitarum per cognationes suas urbium et viculorum. 24And Moses gave to the tribe of Gad and to his children by their kindreds a possession, of which this is the division.Diede poi Mosè alla tribù di Gad, e a' figli di essa la loro porzione distribuita tra le loro famiglie, la quale in tal modo distinguesi:And Moyses gaue to the tribe of Gad and to his children possession by their kinredes, the diuision wherof is this.Deditque Moyses tribui Gad et filiis ejus per cognationes suas possessionem, cujus hæc divisio est.
25The border of Jaser, and all the cities of Galaad, and half the land of the children of Ammon: as far as Aroer which is over against Rabba:Dentro i confini di lei è Jaser, e tutte le città di Galaad, e la metà del paese dei figliuoli di Ammon fino ad Aroer che è dirimpetto a Rabba:The border of Iaser, and al the cities of Galaad, and the half part of the Land of the children of Ammon: as farre as Aroer, which is against Rabba:Terminus Jaser, et omnes civitates Galaad, et dimidiam partem terræ filiorum Ammon, usque ad Aroër, quæ est contra Rabba, 26And from Hesebon unto Ramoth, Masphe and Betonim: and from Manaim unto the borders of Dabir.E avea da Hesebon fino a Ramoth, Masphe, e Betonim: e da Manaim fino a' confini di Dabir;and from Hesebon vnto Ramoth, Masphe and Betonim: and from Manaim vnto the borders of Dabir.et ab Hesebon usque Ramoth, Masphe et Betonim: et a Manaim usque ad terminos Dabir. 27And in the valley Betharan and Bethnemra, and Socoth, and Saphon the other part of the kingdom of Sehon king of Hesebon: the limit of this also is the Jordan, as far as the uttermost part of the sea of Cenereth beyond the Jordan on the east side,E nella valle avea Betharan, e Bethnemra, e Socoth, e Saphon, e il rimanente del regno di Sehon re di Hesebon: ella ha parimente per suo confine il Giordano fin all'estremità del mare di Ceneroth di là dal Giordano verso levante:In the valley alo Bethhara, and Bethnemra, and Socoth, and Saphon the other part of the Kingdom of Sehon the King of Hesebon: the end of this also is Iordan, vnto the vttermost part of the sea Cenereth beyond Iordan on the east side.In valle quoque Betharan, et Bethnemra, et Socoth, et Saphon reliquam partem regni Sehon regis Hesebon: hujus quoque finis, Jordanis est, usque ad extremam partem maris Cenereth trans Jordanem ad orientalem plagam. 28This is the possession of the children of Gad by their families, their cities, and villages.Questo è il terreno, le città, e i villaggi posseduti dai figliuoli di Gad, distribuiti tra le loro famiglie.This is the possession of the children of Gad by their families, their cities, and villages.Hæc est possessio filiorum Gad per familias suas, civitates et villæ earum. 29He gave also to the half tribe of Manasses and his children possession according to their kindreds,Diede anche la sua porzione alla mezza tribù di Manasse, e a' figliuoli di lei divisa tra le loro famiglie.He gaue also to the half tribe of Manasses, and their children possession according to their kinredes,Dedit et dimidiæ tribui Manasse, filiisque ejus juxta cognationes suas, possessionem, 30The beginning whereof is this: from Manaim all Basan, and all the kingdoms of Og king of Basan, and all the villages of Jair, which are in Basan, threescore towns.Ella conteneva da Manaim per tutto Basan, e tutti i regni di Og re di Basan, e tutte le città di Jair, che sono nel paese di Basan, sessanta città:the beginning wherof is this: from Manaim al Basan, and al the kingdoms of Og the King of Basan, and al the villages of Iair, which are in Basan, threescore townes.cujus hoc principium est: a Manaim universam Basan, et cuncta regna Og regis Basan, omnesque vicos Jair, qui sunt in Basan, sexaginta oppida:
31And half Galaad, and Astaroth, and Edrai, cities of the kingdom of Og in Basan: to the children of Machir, the son of Manasses, to one half of the children of Machir according to their kindreds.E la metà di Galaad, e Astaroth, ed Edrai città del regno di Og in Basan: questo ebbero i figliuoli di Machir figliuoli di Manasse, o sia la meta de' figliuoli di Machir, famiglia per famiglia.And the half part of Galaad, and Astaroth, and Edrai, cities of the kingdom of Og in Basan: to the children of Machir, the sonne of Manasses to the half part of the children of Machir according to their kinredes.et dimidiam partem Galaad, et Astaroth, et Edrai, urbes regni Og in Basan: filiis Machir, filii Manasse, dimidiæ parti filiorum Machir juxta cognationes suas. 32This possession Moses divided in the plains of Moab, beyond the Jordan, over against Jericho on the east side,Queste porzioni le assegnò Mosè nelle pianure di Moab oltre il Giordano, dirimpetto a Gerico verso levante.This possessiō diuided Moyses in the champayne countries of Moab, beyond Iordan, against Iericho on the East side.Hanc possessionem divisit Moyses in campestribus Moab trans Jordanem contra Jericho ad orientalem plagam. 33But to the tribe of Levi he gave no possession: because the Lord the God of Israel himself is their possession, as he spoke to them.Ma alla tribù di Levi non diè veruna porzione: perchè il Signore Dio d'Israele è egli stesso la porzione di lei conforme le disseBut to the tribe of Leui he gaue no possession: because our Lord the God of Israel him self is their possession, as he spake to them.Tribui autem Levi non dedit possessionem: quoniam Dominus Deus Israël ipse est possessio ejus, ut locutus est illi.
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Year of the World 2559.
Haydock
Age. Josue was now 100 years old. He lived ten more, (Calmet) having governed the people in all 17. (Haydock)
During the first seven years, he had performed all that could be expected from an able general, and he probably designed to conquer the whole country before he divided it. But God, who chose to leave some of the ancient inhabitants in the country, to try the fidelity of his people, etc., ordered him to proceed to the distribution, that the different tribes might take care to exterminate those idolaters, who might be found in their territory.
Lot. Hebrew, "to be possessed." Only the country east of the Jordan was yet divided.
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Calmet
Galilee. As Josue had been making such conquests in that part lately, some would translate Geliloth, "the confines" of the Philistines, in which sense it seems to be taken, Josue 18:18., and 22:10. (Calmet)
Gessuri, either near Mount Hermon, (Menochius) or bordering upon Arabia, 1 Kings xv., and 27:10.
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Calmet
Egypt. Hebrew, "from the Shicor, (or Sichor) which is on the face, (or over-against) Egypt." Jeremias 2:18. informs us that this river was in Egypt which is not true of the torrent of Rhinocorure; which the Septuagint and many commentators, understand in this place to be the boundary fixed for the promised land. Strabo, etc., attribute that torrent to Phoenicia; which they extend as far as Pelusium. St. Jerome (in Amos vi.) seems dubious whether the branch of the Nile passes by that city, or the aforesaid torrent be meant. David collected all his forces from the Sichor, or the torrent of Egypt, to the entrance of Emath, 1 Paralipomenon 13:5. Epiphanes constituted Lysanias governor of all the countries between the Euphrates and the river of Egypt, (2 Machabees 3:32,) and he undoubtedly had extended his conquests as far as the Nile. Though the country beyond Gaza be now mostly barren, and therefore little inhabited or noticed, yet the Israelites were entitled to assert their right to it, as they seem to have done by taking possession of Gosen, Josue 10:41. Some parts were formerly well peopled, 1 Kings 27:8. It is not unusual for the Nile, and other great rivers, to be styled torrents. The Hebrew nél, is often applied to rivers, Ecclesiastes 1:7. The troubled state in which the waters of the Nile generally appear, is very remarkable, as their taste is most excellent. The natives have discovered a method of rendering them clear, by the mixture of almond powder. The names of this river bear some relation to the Hebrew term which is here used. It was formerly called Siris; and the star, which rose when it overflowed, received the name of Sirius. The Ethiopians style it Schichri. Another name was Melas, or Egyptus, denoting "blackness." The people of the country idolized this river, because it supplied the want of rain. (Tibul, 1:8.) (Calmet)
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Chanaan. From the south to Sidon was yet undivided, and thence eastward, (Haydock) to Apheca of Syria, where was the capital of the kings of that country, and a famous temple of Venus, 3 Kings 20:26. (Sozom. 1:58.)
Amorrhite, or perhaps Aramean, (Calmet) though we may understand that all the country of the Amorrhite on the south, as well as the northern parts of Chanaan, were to be divided, (Haydock) as far as Emesa.
Calmet
Will, etc., provided the Israelites observe their part of the covenant. (Calmet)
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With whom. That is, with the other half of that same tribe.
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Menochius
Day. The Israelites were satisfied with what they had already conquered. (Menochius)
Haydock
But herein they deserved blame, as they were ordered to reduce them entirely, and never suffer them to continue their idolatrous practices in the country which God had chosen for his people. (Haydock)
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Victims. Hebrew, "the sacrifices of the Lord made by fire."
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Calmet
Mephaath, near the desert, where the Romans afterwards kept a garrison. It was given to the Levites, but was seized by the Moabites after the reign of David. (Calmet)
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Challoner
The princes of Madian. It appears from hence that these were subjects of king Sehon: they are said to have been slain with him, that is, about the same time, but not in the same battle. (Challoner)
Calmet
After the death of their sovereign, they looked upon themselves as independent. They had reigned before as viceroys of Sehon, being natives of the country, and not come from some other part, like the Amorrhites. (Calmet)
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Haydock
Slain. Septuagint, "they slew Balaam....with the sword in the moment," Numbers 22:5., and 31:8. (Haydock)
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Josephus
Betharan, which was enlarged by Herod, and called Livias, or Julias, as the Greeks called Livia, the wife of Augustus, Julia. (Josephus)
Saphon, or "the northern part of," etc.
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Towns, which were conquered by Jair, of the tribe of Juda; though he belonged, in some degree, to that of Manasses, by his grandmother, Numbers 32:41.
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With whom.... That is, with the other half of that same tribe.
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The princes of Madian.... It appears from hence that these were subjects of king Sehon: they are said to have been slain with him, that is, about the same time, but not in the same battle.
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These partes are designed though not yet conquered.
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This part the Amorreites had taken and possessed; otherwise the Israelits were prohibited to take anie thīg from the Ammonites. Deut 2.
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1. WHICH HAS NOT YET BEEN DIVIDED BY LOT. — In Hebrew, there remains land to possess it, namely by the casting of lots to be made by you, O Joshua, for division, and this whether it has already been occupied by you, as Galilee, or remains to be occupied, as the land of the Philistines.
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2. ALL GALILEE NAMELY. — The Chaldean, the Septuagint, and the more recent Hebrews take the name Geliloth not as a proper noun, but as an appellative, and translate it as borders, or the coasts of the Philistines, and from this the name Galilee was given, says Masius, either on account of the sinuous recesses of the coasts and banks, or because the waves there are tossed back and forth by winds or tides and play about in a rolling motion (for galal means to roll, to roll back, to roll together), or finally from heaps of sand gathered and rolled together here and there. For Galilee is twofold, and each adjoins the sea, and therefore in Hebrew the name is plural, Geliloth, that is to say, Galilees. For one Galilee is lower, around Tiberias and the lake of Genezareth, which the tribes of Zebulon and Issachar occupied; another is upper, around Capharnaum, Tyre and Ptolemais, which the tribes of Asher and Naphtali occupied: this indeed was called of the Gentiles, because it was frequented all around by neighboring Gentiles, as I said in chapter twelve; each was rich and fertile, irrigated by springs of perennial water and by torrents, and wholly productive of grain, wine, oil and all fruits, and therefore was entirely inhabited and cultivated: hence in it there was a great multitude of cities and villages, and many inhabitants, and they were strong and warlike. Josephus, leader of the Galileans against the Romans, in his Life narrates that in Galilee there were two hundred and four cities and villages, the smallest of which contained fifteen thousand men. Finally, Galilee was ennobled, both by Joshua, and more especially by his antitype Jesus Christ. For He Himself was conceived and brought up there: there also He dwelt and spent much time: there He began first to scatter the seed of evangelical preaching, and for the sake of promulgating the Gospel, together with the Apostles who were for the most part Galileans, He traversed all Galilee twice, and went through each of its cities and villages, teaching everywhere in the Synagogues, casting out demons, and healing every disease and every infirmity in the people. And on account of this upbringing and conversation which He led in Galilee, Christ was called a Galilean. Besides this reason, the Apostles, because most of them were born here, were also called Galileans. Wherefore also to the Emperor Julian the Apostate, as Eusebius and others often relate, it was customary to call Christ a Galilean, and all Christians both by Christ and by the Apostles Galileans. Thus Adrichomius in his Description of Galilee. Tropologically, a Galilean prince is he who, like Joshua subduing Galilee, subdues the flesh by taming it and by strongly subduing the passions, and despises and as it were tramples underfoot the circulations, revolutions, changes, storms and tumults of kingdoms and kings and statues. For Galilee in Hebrew is the same as that which is turned on a lathe, changeable, says Pagninus in Hebrew Names. This is what the Church prays on the fourth Sunday after Easter: "That amid worldly changes our hearts may be fixed there, where true joys are." For, as Paul says: "Our conversation is in heaven," Philip. iii, 20; and therefore we are not "strangers and sojourners, but fellow citizens with the saints and of the household of God, built upon the foundation of the Apostles and Prophets, with Christ Jesus Himself as the chief corner stone," Ephes. ii, 19.
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3. FROM A TURBID RIVER. — This is the Nile; for it is called in Hebrew sichor, that is, turbid, because its water is turbid and black from the mud which it carries. Whence also by the Greeks it is called melas, that is, black. Hence also Egypt is called melambolos, that is, black-soiled, and therefore rich and fertile. Whence the Mantuan poet: The mud-bearing Nile irrigates Egypt once in the whole year. Namely in summer, when the sun is in Cancer: for then the Nile overflowing covers the fields of Egypt with mud, enriches and makes them fertile. Hear Tibullus: The fertile Nile abounds with summer water. Thus Lyran, Vatable, Arias, and St. Jerome in his epistle to Dardan. See the sayings at Jeremiah ii, 18. You will say: The promised land did not extend as far as Egypt, nor was its southern boundary the Nile, but a certain stream of the Nile, or a torrent coming from the desert, which enters the sea between Rhinocolura and Pelusium, a city of Egypt. Whence elsewhere in Scripture it is called the torrent of Egypt, elsewhere the torrent of the desert. I answer, it is so, as Ribera rightly shows. Yet this Nile is set down as it were as the boundary and limit of the promised land, both because that desert torrent, which is the boundary of the land, is a stream of the Nile, and because between this torrent as far as Rhinocolura and Pelusium is a desert, and land useless and uninhabited, which therefore is not reckoned: wherefore it is rightly said that the Nile, along which the land is cultivated and fertile, is the boundary of the promised land. Furthermore, the Nile by its overflowing so makes Egypt fertile, that it has no need of rain, and is the most fertile of all regions. Hear Cicero, book II of On the Nature of the Gods: "The Nile irrigates Egypt, and when it has held it covered and filled throughout the whole summer, then it recedes, and leaves the softened and mud-covered fields for sowing." Hear Claudian: Egypt fertile without cloud, and serene rains Alone it holds, secure of the sky, not needing wind, Rejoices in the waters which it itself carries and abounds with the Nile. Wherefore Pharao, being proud, esteemed himself not so much a king as a god of Egypt, and therefore heard from God: "Behold, I come to thee, Pharao king of Egypt, great dragon, who liest in the midst of thy rivers and sayest: My river is mine, and I have made myself; and I will put a bridle in thy jaws," etc., Ezekiel xxix, 3. Scripture therefore makes mention of the Nile here, to indicate Judaea neighboring to it, and bounded by it, to share in its fertility, so that it be a land flowing with milk and honey. THE LAND OF CHANAAN, WHICH IS DIVIDED INTO FIVE RULERS OF THE PHILISTINES, THE GAZAEANS AND AZOTIANS, THE ASCALONITES, GETHEANS AND ACCARONITES. — For the land of Chanaan, in Hebrew it is, shall be reckoned among the Chanaaneans; in Chaldee, it ought to be numbered among the lands of the Chanaaneans, that is to say, Although the Philistines now occupy these five cities of Palestine and satrapies, yet they are of the Chanaaneans, who dwelt there first, and were driven thence from their seats by the Philistines, or by the Caphtorim, that is, the Cappadocians, Deuteronomy ii, 23; and therefore these cities are contained within the boundaries of Chanaan promised by God to the Hebrews: although the Hebrews by their sloth, crimes and fault never occupied them, or certainly only for a short time under David and Solomon. Thus St. Jerome to Dardan. FIVE RULERS. — In Hebrew, five Sarnims. It is a Palestinian word signifying Satraps, Prefects, Princes: it agrees with the Hebrew rozenim, by metathesis of the letter r with s. The Chaldean translates it turnaia, whence the name tyrant, by which kings were once reckoned, seems to be derived, says Arias: for, as Justin says, book I of History: "Each city and nation had the government of the republic from the beginning in the hands of kings (as it were rulers), whom not popular ambition, but proven moderation among the good, advanced to such a height of majesty, and they were called tyrants on account of their strength." There were therefore five cities of the Philistines, each of which had its own satrapy or prefecture, and its own satrap or prefect as it were a ruler, namely Gaza, Azotus, Ascalon, Geth and Accaron, which waged perpetual wars with the Hebrews.
13:4
4. TO THE SOUTH MOREOVER ARE THE HEVEANS, ALL THE LAND OF CHANAAN, — that is, Phoenicia, says Masius. AND MAARA OF THE SIDONIANS. — The more recent scholars take Maara not as a proper name, but as an appellative, and translate it with Masius, as far as the meadows or fields of the Sidonians. Hence also from verse 6, it is clear that Sidon, equally as Tyre, was comprehended within the boundaries of Chanaan, and belonged to the land promised to the Jews, although the Jews by their sloth never occupied it. Better our author retained Maara as a proper name. For Maara in Hebrew signifies a cave, as the Chaldean here translates it, Pagninus and others, which exists near Sidon, and is a remarkable and impregnable municipality, which was afterwards called the Cave of Tyre, which after Christ in the year 1167, the Christian garrison soldiers, corrupted by money, delivered to the Saracens, says Tyrius, book XVI of the History of the Holy War, chapter xi, and from him Adrichomius.
13:5
5. AND ITS BORDERS. — In Hebrew vehaarets haggibli, which the more recent scholars, with Masius and Vatablus, take as a proper name, and translate, and the land of the Gebalites, that is, of the Byblians. For Byblus is a city in Phoenicia not far from Sidon. Whence the Septuagint translates, and all the land of Gabli. But Our [Vulgate] on account of the article reads it differently with other punctuation, haggebuli, that is, the terminal land, namely the borders or confines of the land. For the article among the Hebrews is more frequently added to common nouns than to proper nouns: although both versions come to the same thing. For Byblus was bordering on Sidon. UNTIL THOU ENTER INTO EMATH. — There was a twofold Emath, says St. Jerome in chapter vi of Amos, at the beginning, namely the greater, which was afterwards called Antioch by Antiochus; and the lesser, which was called Epiphania: both are in Syria. The latter is placed in Scripture as the boundary of the holy land promised to the Jews towards Syria, but exclusively; whence it is added, "unto the entering in of Emath." For Judaea extended almost as far as Epiphania.
13:7
7. AND NOW DIVIDE THE LAND FOR A POSSESSION TO NINE TRIBES, AND TO THE HALF TRIBE OF MANASSES. — For to the other part of the half tribe of Manasses, as well as to the two other tribes of Ruben and Gad, Moses has already given their lot and portion of Chanaan on this side of the Jordan. There remain therefore nine tribes with the half tribe of Manasses, to whom thou, O Josue, shalt divide Chanaan situated beyond the Jordan.
13:8
8. WITH WHICH RUBEN AND GAD POSSESSED THE LAND, WHICH MOSES GAVE THEM. — "With which," namely the half tribe of Manasses, not that which, joined with the nine tribes beyond the Jordan, shall receive its settlements by thy allotment, but the other, which was joined to the Rubenites and Gadites on this side of the Jordan. For these words are not of God, but of the author of the history continuing his narrative. For here end the words of God commanding that Chanaan beyond the Jordan be distributed to nine tribes with the half of Manasses by Josue, and begin the words of the author historically narrating how Moses to the other part of the tribe of Manasses, together with the Rubenites and Gadites, has already distributed their portions of land on this side of the Jordan. For the Hebrews speak confusedly and involve many things at once which the reader must unfold, separate and distinguish from the circumstances, or from things said elsewhere, or from things known from other sources. Moreover, these lots distributed by Moses to the Gadites, Rubenites and Manassites are recounted, Num. xxxii, verse 32; but here the same are repeated and explained more minutely.
13:13
13. AND THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL WOULD NOT DESTROY THE GESSURITES. — Not as if Moses with his people, commanded by God to destroy them, refused to do so, since he was most obedient to God; but because for placing first in the region on this side of the Jordan two tribes with a half, there was then sufficient land and cities, and the whole army had to cross over into the promised land beyond the Jordan to conquer it. For this reason those two Chanaanite nations, namely the Gessurites and the Machathites, were left for their descendants to conquer.
13:21
21. AND ALL THE CITIES OF THE PLAINS, AND ALL THE KINGDOMS OF SEHON, — as if to say, These plains and mountain cities all belonged to the kingdoms of Sehon; therefore he does not wish to say that the Rubenites alone occupied all the kingdoms of Sehon. WHOM MOSES SMOTE WITH THE PRINCES OF MADIAN: HEVAEUM, AND RECEM, AND SUR, AND HUR, AND REBE, DUKES OF SEHON, INHABITANTS OF THE LAND. — Moses first smote Sehon king of the Amorrhites, Num. xxi, 21; then he smote these five princes, Hevaeum, Recem, Sur, Hur and Rebe in the war of Madian, Num. xxxi. For they themselves were Madianites; yet here they are called dukes of Sehon, because they were his tributaries or stipendiaries, and therefore they brought aid to him against the Hebrews, but after he was slain they returned to Madian, where shortly after they themselves also were slain by Moses.
13:25
25. HALF THE LAND OF THE CHILDREN OF AMMON. — This seems to conflict with Deut. ii, 19, where it is said: "I will not give thee of the land of the children of Ammon." I answer with Abulensis, that Sehon the king by war took from the Ammonites a part of his dominion, which when Sehon was defeated along with his other cities, the Israelites claimed for themselves by right of war, and therefore, Judges xi, 13, the king of the Ammonites complained to Jephte, wishing it to be restored to him, but unjustly; for God had granted and given to the Hebrews all the kingdoms which were subject to the Amorrhites, among which were these also. For in that place Deuteronomy only excepts those places which the Ammonites then ruled; these indeed he wishes to leave to them. For he only forbids the Hebrews to invade the Ammonites and to wage war with them, and that for the sake of Lot their father, a just man, who was the grandson of Abraham the Patriarch of the Hebrews. This region of the Ammonites therefore Sehon had subdued, whose dominion the Gadites possessed in part, while the Rubenites held the other half. WHICH IS AGAINST RABBA, — that is, which is in the region or opposite to the city of Rabba, which was afterwards called Philadelphia by Philadelphus.
13:30
30. AND ALL THE KINGDOMS OF OG KING OF BASAN, — which were three, Argob, Basan, and part of Galaad. Yet Og is more often called king of Basan, and under Basan the other two are understood. See Deut. iii, 13 et seq.
13:31
31. AND HALF OF GILEAD, — namely Moses gave to the Manassites; for he gave the other half to the Gadites. Moreover this "and" is explanatory; for it explains what were the kingdoms of Og king of Bashan, and says that among them the better half of Gilead, Astaroth and Edrei were. TO HALF THE PART OF THE SONS OF MACHIR. — Machir alone, son of Manasseh, survived his father; wherefore the tribe of Machir is the same as the tribe of Manasseh: for Machir, being the sole son, was by right the heir of his father Manasseh: yet to Machir was added Jair his grandson from a daughter, since otherwise Jair on account of his father would have been of the tribe of Judah: whence the descendants of Jair in Gilead dwelt with the descendants of Machir, I Paral. ii, 21 and following.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
13:2
2. From Josh. 13:2 and I Sam. 27:8 the existence of the Geshurites appears, a small Amalekite kingdom south of Philistia and east of the Egyptian frontier. …
… In the Old Testament there is talk of the P. and of the Philistine land already in the time of the Patriarchs (Gen. 21:32, 34; 26:1, 8, 14 ff., 18), of the Exodus (Ex. 13:17) and of Joshua (Josh. 13:2), whether because of a purely literary anticipation of later terminology or because from the times of the Patriarchs the Egyptians maintained in that region military garrisons composed …
13:3
Accaron (Hebrew Egrān; Assyrian Amqarrāna)
ACCARON (Hebrew Egrān; Assyrian Amqarrāna). - The northernmost of the five Philistine cities (Josh. 13:3), famous for its sanctuary of Beelzebub (v.) (II Kings 1:2-16). It is commonly identified (after E. Robinson, 1838) with present-day Aqr, 10 km southwest of Ramle; J. Garstang …
Ascalon (Heb. 'Alqelôn; Assyr. Asqalâna; Egyp. Asqalna; mod. Arab. Hirbet 'Asqalân)
… Joshua did not succeed in taking it (Josh. 13:3); Judah occupied it in the period of the Judges, but only for a short time (Judg. 1:18).
Ashdod (Hebrew: ʾAšdādh; Akkadian: Ašdādh; Greek: ʾAšdōr; modern: Esdūd)
ASHDOD (Hebrew: ʾAšdādh; Akkadian: Ašdādh; Greek: ʾAšdōr; modern: Esdūd). - One of the five Philistine cities (Josh. 13:3), which always remained such (1 Sam. 5:1-8). At 5 km from the Mediterranean, equidistant (55 km) between Gaza and Jaffa, on the road between Egypt and Syria, it had strategic and …
Geth (Hebrew Gath, Akkadian Gimtu, "Winepress")
GETH (Hebrew Gath, Akkadian Gimtu, "Winepress"). - A Canaanite city, mentioned in the letters of el-'Amārnah, capital of one of the five Philistine satrapies (Josh. 13:3). It had been the dwelling place of the Anakim and the Rephaim (v. GIANTS IN THE BIBLE): Josh. 11:22; 1 Sam. 17:4; 2 Sam. 21:19 ff.; 1 Chron. 20:6. It was punished for having …
13:5
The Old Testament mentions B. only three times: Ios. 13, 5 (doubtful text) mentions it as the northern boundary of the Promised Land; in I Reg. 5, 18, the Gebalites appear as workmen (woodcutters and masons) in the building of Solomon's …
2. The expression "pass of E." (Vulg. introitus E.; Heb. lēbhō Hāmāth) in the Old Testament marks the northern boundary of the Promised Land (Num. 13:21; 34:8; Josh. 13:5; I Kings 8:65; Ezek. 47:16; 48:1). It refers in all probability to the mouth of the pass between Mount Hermon and Lebanon, which constituted the natural route "to go to E." (lēbhō Hāmāth). …
Gad (Heb. Gad «Fortune», «Happiness»)
… Gad «Fortune», «Happiness»). - A pagan deity, of whom the Bible speaks only in Is. 65:11; nevertheless it appears as a component of certain theophoric names, such as Baalgad (Josh. 11:17; 12:7; 13:5) and Magdalgad (ibid. 15:37).
13:6
Its origin is obscure, but the designation of Sidhôn, in the table of nations, as the firstborn of Canaan (Gen. 10:15) and the practice adopted in the biblical texts (Josh. 13:6) and in the Homeric poems of calling the Phoenicians by the name of Sidonians (Il., VI, 289; XXIII, 743; Odyss., XV, 415; XVII, 424) indicate the supremacy that S. had acquired among …
13:9
22, 36; inscription of Meïa, line 26); later it constituted the southern limit of the tribe of Reuben (Jos. 13, 9, 16), that is, of the Israelite transjordanian territory (Deut. 3, 12; 4, 48).
1. A city on the southern border of the Amorite kingdom of Sihon, from which it was taken by the Israelites (Deut. 2:36; Josh. 12:2). Rebuilt by the Gadites (Num. 32:34), it was assigned to the tribe of Reuben (Josh. 13:9, 16; etc.). …
… Dibbân). - A Moabite city, a stop or station of the Israelites on their journey toward the Promised Land (Num. 33:45), conquered and rebuilt by Gad, whence the name D.-Gad (Num. 32:34; 33:45), and afterward allotted to the tribe of Reuben (Josh. 13:9, 17).
13:10
… ca. the year 2000. Sometimes, however, the Old Testament distinguishes between Canaanites and Amorites, calling Amorites not only the pre-Israelite inhabitants of Transjordan (cf. Num. 21, 13, 31; Deut. 3, 8; 4, 47 ff.; 31, 4; Ios. 2, 10; 9, 10; 12, 2; 13, 10; Iudc. 10, 8), but also a part of the inhabitants of Palestine proper, that is, those dwelling in the mountain (Deut. 1, 7.19.20.44: people dwelling in the south of Palestine; Ios. …
13:11
… The Geshurites (gēšūrī) are mentioned together with the inhabitants of Maacah (Deut. 3:14; Josh. 12:5; 13:11), probably also in II Sam. 2:9 according to the Syriac version and the Vulgate. …
13:12
EDRAI (Hebrew 'Edhre'). - 1. City of Transjordan, residence of Og, king of Bashan (Deut. 1:4; Josh. 12:3; 13:12). Occupied by the Israelites, E. was assigned to the tribe of Manasseh (Josh. 13:31). Ptolemy also speaks of it (V, 15, 23), as do Eusebius and St. Jerome in the Onomasticon; it is …
Zuzim (Heb. Zāzīm; Gr. Ἕδνη Ὄργυρα)
… Zāzīm; Gr. Ἕδνη Ὄργυρα). - An autochthonous tribe of the district of Hám in 'Aglûn, east of the Jordan, defeated by King Chedorlaomer (Gen. 14:5) and belonging to the gigantic race of the Rephaim, who in the pre-Semitic era populated Transjordan (ibid. 14:5; Deut. 2:11, 20; Josh. 12:4; 13:12) and certain areas of Palestine (Gen. 15:20).
13:13
… Spared by the Israelites (Josh. 13:13), they later occupied some cities of Jair (I Chron. 2:23).
13:14
Aphec (Hebrew 'Āphīq or 'Āphēq, "Fortress" or "Watercourse")
2. City on the southern border of the tribe of Asher (Josh. 13:14; 19:30; Judg. 1:31) between Amma and Rohob; it remained inhabited by the Canaanites. …
13:15
… adjoining the Jordan and the Dead Sea was taken from them by the Amorites, led by King Sihon, who drove them farther east, and then taken from the Amorites by the Israelites, who divided it among the tribes of Reuben and Gad (Judg. 11:19-22; Num. 21:25 ff.; Josh. 13:15-28).
… Transjordan, dividing with the tribe of Gad the territory wrested from Sihon king of the Amorites (Num. 21:21-35; 32:1-38). Its borders ran from the Arnon in the south up to the Wādī Hesbān (Heshbon) in the north, and from the Dead Sea to the desert of Moab (Josh. 13:15-23; cf. Num. 32:34-38). It was always among the least numerous tribes (cf. Deut. 33:6; Judg. 5:16), predominantly devoted to pastoralism, and never had an important part in the history …
… After the victories won by Moses over the Amorite kingdoms of Sihon and Og (Num. 12, 26; Jos. 13, 15-32), it was in part inhabited by the Israelite tribes of eastern Manasseh, of Gad and of Reuben, and then disputed between the kings of Samaria and of Damascus. …
13:16
2. A border city of the tribe of Gad, opposite Rabbah (Josh. 13:16, 25; Judg. 11:26, 33) of the Ammonites, present-day 'Ammān. …
13:19
Some Palestinologists have believed they recognized in the toponym given by the Arabs to the whole of the waters the element Sereth of the city Haš-Sabar (Josh. 13, 19; 1 Chron. 4, 5-7).
Cariathaim (Hebrew Qirjāthajim, dual form: "Two Cities")
CARIATHAIM (Hebrew Qirjāthajim, dual form: "Two Cities"). - A city northeast of the Dead Sea, belonging to the tribe of Reuben (Josh. 13:19; Num. 32:37). At the time of the prophet Jeremiah, during the period of the decline of the kingdom of Judah, it again belonged to the Moabites (Jer. 48:1, 23; Ezek. 25:9). Eusebius …
13:20
… crossing the Jordan and where they practiced the licentious worship of the Baal of Pō'ōr (v. REELPHEGOR), which is none other than Chemosh, the national god of the Moabites (cf. the steles of Mesha, of el-Balū'ah [ca. 1300 B.C.]; Num. 22:26; Deut. 3:29; Josh. 13:20).
13:21
Midian and Midianites (Hebrew Midhjān; Septuagint Μαδιάμ)
Josh. 13:21). In the time of the Judges, together with the Amalekites and the Bānē Qedhem, they flooded like locusts, with their tents and camels, the cultivated fields of the plain of Esdrelon, …
13:22
He was the protagonist of an episode described at length in Num. 22-24, and to which allusion is made in Deut. 23:4-5; Josh. 13:22; 24:9-10; Mic. 6:5; 2 Pet. 2:15; Jude 11; Rev. 2:14.
13:24
… for the Reubenites and the Gadites (Deut. 13:16, 17). Joshua then distributed the individual territories, assigning to G. the middle zone of Transjordan, from about the Wádi Ḥesbán in the south up toward the Nahr ez-Zerqá (= Jabbok) in the north (cf. Josh. 13:24-28). To the north its boundaries touched the half-tribe of Manasseh, to the south that of Reuben, to the east the Arabian desert and to the west the
At the time of the Israelite invasion, the region occupied by Sihon king of the Amorites and by Og king of Bashan became part of the territory of Gad in the south and of Manasseh in the north (Deut. 3:12-13; Josh. 13:24-31). G. formed the Assyrian province of Transjordan while "Gileaditis" extended only into Bashan (I Macc. 5:17-36).
13:25
With the simple name of G. there is sometimes designated either 1) 'Aǧlūn (Num. 32:39-40; Deut. 3:15; Josh. 17:6) or the Belqā (Num. 32:1; Josh. 13:25). The "mountain of G.", in which the last conversation between Jacob and Laban took place (Gen. 31:21-25) is the whole of Transjordan, and not only the mountainous zone between es-Salṭ …
… The stele of Mesha (v.), the claims of Jephthah, the allusions of Isaiah and Jeremiah nevertheless show that M. had in time recovered its settlements north of the Arnon (Num. 21:25-32; Deut. 2:24, 36; Josh. 13:25; Judg. 18:18, 22; Is. 15:4; Jer. 48:21; F.-M. …
13:26
Mahanaim (Hebrew "Two Armies" or "Two Camps")
… The name was given by Jacob when, on his way back from Laban, before reaching the river Jabbok (= Wādi ez-Zerqā), he encountered hosts of angels (Gen. 32:2). It was on the border between the tribes of Gad and Manasseh (Josh. 13:26, 30). David withdrew there during the rebellion of Absalom, who died not far from M. (II Sam. 17:24, 29; 19:32; I Kings 2:8).
Maspha (Heb. Mīspāh "Watchtower")
2. Village in Gilead, Jordan (Judg. 10:17; 11:11), which is sometimes identified, although not necessarily, with M. of Gilead (ibid. 11:29) and with Ramoth-Mizpeh (Josh. 13:26). Jephthah had his residence there (Judg. 11:34), and there his daughter, unaware of the vow rashly made by her father, was notified by him of the death destined for her.
13:29
… 1:12-8; 12:4-6; 18:7). The territory assigned by Moses in Transjordan extended from the south from Mahanaim (v.) on the Jabbok, as far as the slopes of Mount Hermon in the north, including upper Gilead (the Aglūn) and all of Bashan (Deut. 3:13-15; Josh. 13:29-33).
13:30
… (Deut. 3:14), who occupied the settlements that took their name from him, Ḥawwōth Jā'ir, still mentioned in the time of Solomon (I Kings 4:13). It is debated whether these were fortified cities or tent villages; whether in Gilead or in Bashan; whether 60 (Josh. 13:30; I Kings 4:13), 30 (Judg. 10:4), or 23 (I Chron. 2:23). Under Solomon, A. constituted the 6th prefecture, over which Bengaber presided (I Kings 4:13). Some identified it with Bashan; …
… the Jarmūq, in Gilead, which he called havvoth J., that is, encampments inhabited by semi-nomads (Num. 32:41; Judg. 10:4; 1 Sam. 4:13; 1 Chron. 2:22). Less exact and secondary is the tradition that places these cities in Bashan (Deut. 3:14; Josh. 13:30). The 60 cities in Bashan, which 1 Chron. 2:23 seems to attribute to J., were conquered by Nobah (Num. 32:42).
… The book as it is today cannot go back to Joshua, because it speaks of his death (24, 29 ff.) and of subsequent events (cf. Ios. 15, 13-19 and 19, 47 with Iudc. 1, 10-15 and 18, 27-29; Ios. 13, 30 with Iudc. 10, 3-5, etc.); the indications to the contrary, to which ancient Jewish opinions and very scanty late Christian testimonies refer, are explicable otherwise (Ios. 24, …
13:31
EDRAI (Hebrew 'Edhre'). - 1. City of Transjordan, residence of Og, king of Bashan (Deut. 1:4; Josh. 12:3; 13:12). Occupied by the Israelites, E. was assigned to the tribe of Manasseh (Josh. 13:31). Ptolemy also speaks of it (V, 15, 23), as do Eusebius and St. Jerome in the Onomasticon; it is indicated on the Peutinger Table. …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.