War with the Philistines. Goliath challengeth Israel. He is slain by David.
Goliath a Philistian chalengeth anie one of Israel to combate. 12. Dauid being sent by his father to visit his brethren. 23. and hearing al Israel so reprochfully prouoked, offerech to vndertake the chalenge: 34. shewing by former actes that he dare accept it. 37. And so by Gods special helpe wherein he trusteth, 49. ouerthroweth the chalenger with a stone of his seing, and cutieth of his head with his owne sword. 51. the Philistijms fleeing are slaine, and Dauid bringeth the mans head to Saul.
1Now the Philistines gathering together their troops to battle, assembled at Socho of Juda: and camped between Socho and Azeca, in the borders of Dommim.Ma i Filistei, messe insieme le loro schiere per combattere, si adunarono a Socho di Giuda, e posero il campo tra Socho, e Azeca a' confini di Dommim.AND the Philisthijms gathering together their companies vnto battel, assembled into Socho of Iuda: and camped betwen Socho & Azeca in the borders of Dommim.Congregantes autem Philisthiim agmina sua in prælium, convenerunt in Socho Judæ: et castrametati sunt inter Socho et Azeca in finibus Dommim. 2And Saul and the children of Israel being gathered together, came to the valley of Terebinth, and they set the army in array to fight against the Philistines.E Saul co' figliuoli d'Israele uniti insieme andarono nella Valle del terebinto, e schieraron l'esercito per combattere i Filistei.Moreouer Saul and the children of Israel being gathered together came into the Valley of terebinth, and they put the armie in aray to fight against the Philistijms.Porro Saul et filii Israël congregati venerunt in Vallem terebinthi, et direxerunt aciem ad pugnandum contra Philisthiim. 3And the Philistines stood on a mountain on the one side, and Israel stood on a mountain on the other side: and there was a valley between them.E i Filistei stavan sul monte da una parte, e Israele stava sul monte dall'altra parte: e la valle li divideva.And the Philistijms stoode vpon the mountaine on this side, and Israel stoode vpon the mountaine on the other side: and the valley was betwen them.Et Philisthiim stabant super montem ex parte hac, et Israël stabat supra montem ex altera parte: vallisque erat inter eos. 4And there went out a man baseborn from the camp of the Philistines, named Goliath, of Geth, whose height was six cubits and a span:Quando uscì dagli alloggiamenti de' Filistei un uomo bastardo, per nome Goliath, di Geth, alto sei cubiti e un palmo.And there came forth a man that was a bastard from the campe of the Philistians named Goliath, of Geth, in height six cubites and a palme:Et egressus est vir spurius de castris Philisthinorum nomine Goliath, de Geth, altitudinis sex cubitorum et palmi: 5And he had a helmet of brass upon his head, and he was clothed with a coat of mail with scales, and the weight of his coat of mail was five thousand sicles of brass:E avea in testa una celata di rame, ed era vestito di una corazza fatta a squamme, e il peso della corazza era del peso di cinque mila sicli di rame:and a helmet of brasse vpon his head, and he was clothed with a cote of mayle linked. moreouer the weight of his cote of mayle was fiue thousand sicles of brasse:et cassis ærea super caput ejus, et lorica squamata induebatur. Porro pondus loricæ ejus, quinque millia siclorum æris erat:
6And he had greaves of brass on his legs, and a buckler of brass covered his shoulders.E avea agli stinchi gambiere di rame: e uno scudo di rame gli copriva le spalle:and he had brassen bootes on his thighes, and a target of brasse couered his shoulders.et ocreas æreas habebat in cruribus, et clypeus æreus tegebat humeros ejus. 7And the staff of his spear was like a weaver’s beam, and the head of his spear weighed six hundred sicles of iron: and his armourbearer went before him.E l'asta della sua lancia era come un subbio da tessitore; e il ferro della sua lancia pesava secento sicli: e innanzi a lui andava il suo scudiere.And the shaft of his speare was as it were a weauers beame. and the verie yton of his speare had six hundred sicles of yron: and his esquier went before him.Hastile autem hastæ ejus erat quasi liciatorium texentium: ipsum autem ferrum hastæ ejus sexcentos siclos habebat ferri: et armiger ejus antecedebat eum. 8And standing, he cried out to the bands of Israel, and said to them: Why are you come out prepared to fight? am not I a Philistine, and you the servants of Saul? Choose out a man of you, and let him come down and fight hand to hand.E stando in piedi gridava verso le falangi d'Israele, e diceva loro: Per qual motivo siete voi venuti in ordine per la battaglia? Non son io Filisteo, e voi servi di Saul? Scegliete uno di voi, e venga a combattere testa a testa.And standing he cried against the bandes of Israel, and sayd to them: Why came you prepared to fight? Am not I a Philistian, and you the seruantes of Saul? Choose out a man of you and let him descend to fight hand to hand.Stansque clamabat adversum phalangas Israël, et dicebat eis: Quare venistis parati ad prælium ? numquid ego non sum Philisthæus, et vos servi Saul ? eligite ex vobis virum, et descendat ad singulare certamen. 9If he be able to fight with me, and kill me, we will be servants to you: but if I prevail against him, and kill him, you shall be servants, and shall serve us.Se egli avrà forze da combatter con me, è torrammi la vita, noi sarem vostri servi: ma se io sarò vincitore, e lo ucciderò, voi sarete schiavi, e servirete a noi.If he shal be able to fight with me, and strike me, we wil be seruantes to you: but if I shal preuaile, and shal beate him, you shal be seruantes, and shal serue vs.Si quiverit pugnare mecum, et percusserit me, erimus vobis servi: si autem ego prævaluero, et percussero eum, vos servi eritis, et servietis nobis. 10And the Philistine said: I have defied the bands of Israel this day: give me a man, and let him fight with me hand to hand.E diceva il Filisteo: Io oggi ho svergognato le schiere d'Israele, dicendo: Datemi un uomo, che venga meco a battaglia testa a testa.And the Philistian sayd: I haue defyed the bandes of Israel this day: Geue me a man, and let him fight with me hand to hand.Et aiebat Philisthæus: Ego exprobravi agminibus Israël hodie: date mihi virum, et ineat mecum singulare certamen.
11And Saul and all the Israelites hearing these words of the Philistine, were dismayed, and greatly afraid.Ma Saul, e tutti gli Israeliti all'udir le parole del Filisteo si sbigottivano, e temevano formisura.And Saul and al the Israelites hearing such wordes of the Philistian were astonied, and feared excedingly.Audiens autem Saul et omnes Israëlitæ sermones Philisthæi hujuscemodi, stupebant, et metuebant nimis. 12Now David was the son of that Ephrathite, of Bethlehem Juda, before mentioned, whose name was Isai, who had eight sons, and was an old man in the days of Saul, and of great age among men.Eravi quel Davidde figliuolo di un Ephratheo di Bethlehem di Giuda chiamato Isai, del quale si è parlato di sopra, che aveva otto figliuoli, ed era vecchio, e dei più avanzati in età a tempo di Saul.And there was Dauid the sonne of a man that was an Ephratheite, of whom there was mention before, of Bethlehem Iuda, whose name was Isai, who had eight sonnes, and he was in the dayes of Saul an old man, and aged among men.David autem erat filius viri Ephrathæi, de quo supra dictum est, de Bethlehem Juda, cui nomen erat Isai, qui habebat octo filios, et erat vir in diebus Saul senex, et grandævus inter viros. 13And his three eldest sons followed Saul to the battle: and the names of his three sons that went to the battle, were Eliab, the firstborn, and the second, Abinadab, and the third Samma:E i tre figliuoli maggiori di lui erano andati alla guerra con Saul: e i nomi de' tre figliuoli che eran iti alla guerra (sono) Eliab primogenito, Abinadab il secondo, Samma il terzo.And his three elder sonnes went after Saul into battel: and the names of his three sonnes, which went to battel, were Eliab the first begotten, and the second Abinadab, the third also Samma:Abierunt autem tres filii ejus majores post Saul in prælium: et nomina trium filiorum ejus qui perrexerunt ad bellum, Eliab primogenitus, et secundus Abinadab, tertiusque Samma. 14But David was the youngest. So the three eldest having followed Saul,E David era il più piccolo. Avendo adunque li tre maggiori seguito Saul,and Dauid was the yongest. The three elder therefore hauing folowed Saul,David autem erat minimus. Tribus ergo majoribus secutis Saulem, 15David went, and returned from Saul, to feed his father’s flock at Bethlehem.David avea lasciato Saul, ed era tornato a pascolare la greggia del padre suo a Bethlehem.Dauid went, and returned from Saul, to feede his fathers flocke in Bethlehem.abiit David, et reversus est a Saul ut pasceret gregem patris sui in Bethlehem. 16Now the Philistine came out morning and evening, and presented himself forty days.E il Filisteo usciva fuori la mattina, e la sera, e continuò per quaranta giorni.But the Philistian came forth morning and euening, and stoode fourtie dayes.Procedebat vero Philisthæus mane et vespere, et stabat quadraginta diebus.
17And Isai said to David, his son: Take for thy brethren an ephi of frumenty, and these ten loaves, and run to the camp to thy brethren,Or Isai disse a David suo figliuolo: Prendi un ephi di farina d'orzo, e questi dieci pani, e corri a portargli ai tuoi fratelli agli alloggiamenti.And Isai sayd to Dauid his sonne: Take for thy brethren an ephi of polent, and these ten loaues, and runne into the campe to thy brethren,Dixit autem Isai ad David filium suum: Accipe fratribus tuis ephi polentæ, et decem panes istos, et curre in castra ad fratres tuos, 18And carry these ten little cheeses to the tribune: and go see thy brethren, if they are well: and learn with whom they are placed.E porta al tribuno queste dieci caciuole; e vedi se i tuoi fratelli stan bene, e informati in quale squadra sieno posti.and these ten litle cheeses thou shalr carie to the tribune: and shalt visite thy brethren, if they doe wel: and learne with whom they are placed.et decem formellas casei has deferes ad tribunum: et fratres tuos visitabis, si recte agant: et cum quibus ordinati sunt, disce. 19But Saul, and they, and all the children of Israel, were in the valley of Terebinth, fighting against the Philistines.Ma Saul, e que' (figliuoli d'Isai), e tutt'i figliuoli d'Israele stavano in faccia a' Filistei alla Valle del terebinto.And Saul, and they, and al the children of Israel fought in the Valley of terebiuth against the Philistijms.Saul autem, et illi, et omnes filii Israël, in Valle terebinthi pugnabant adversum Philisthiim. 20David, therefore, arose in the morning, and gave the charge of the flock to the keeper: and went away loaded, as Isai had commanded him. And he came to the place of Magala, and to the army, which was going out to fight, and shouted for the battle.Davidde pertanto levossi di gran mattino, e raccomandò la greggia al guardiano, e col suo carico andò come gli avea ordinato Isai. E giunse al luogo di Magala, e presso all'esercito, il quale essendo uscito per combattere aveva alzato il grido della battaglia.Dauid therefore arose in the morning, and commended the flocke to the keeper: and he went loaded as Isai had commanded him. And he came to the place Magala, and to the host, which issuing out to fight had made a shoute in the battel.Surrexit itaque David mane, et commendavit gregem custodi: et onustus abiit, sicut præceperat ei Isai. Et venit ad locum Magala, et ad exercitum, qui egressus ad pugnam vociferatus erat in certamine. 21For Israel had put themselves in array, and the Philistines who stood against them were prepared.Perocché Israele aveva messe in ordine le sue schiere, e i Filistei dall'altra parte erano preparati.For Israel had put them selues in aray, and the Philistijms on the contrarie side were prepared.Direxerat enim aciem Israël, sed et Philisthiim ex adverso fuerant præparati.
22And David leaving the vessels which he had brought, under the care of the keeper of the baggage, ran to the place of the battle, and asked if all things went well with his brethren.Davidde adunque lasciata presso i bagagli la roba, che avea portata, in mano di uno che la custodisse, corse al luogo della battaglia, e s'informava, se tutto andasse bene pe' suoi fratelli.Dauid therefore leauing the vessels which he had brought, vnder the hand of him, that was keeper at the bagage, ranne to the place of the battel and asked if al thinges went wel with his brethren.Derelinquens ergo David vasa quæ attulerat sub manu custodis ad sarcinas, cucurrit ad locum certaminis, et interrogabat si omnia recte agerentur erga fratres suos. 23And as he talked with them, that baseborn man, whose name was Goliath, the Philistine, of Geth, shewed himself coming up from the camp of the Philistines: and he spoke according to the same words, and David heard them,E mentr'ei parlava di questo, comparve quell'uomo bastardo, di nome Goliath, Filisteo, di Geth, che usciva dal campo de' Filistei: e ripetendo questi le solite parole, lo udì Davidde.And when he yet spake to them, that man the bastard appeared coming vp, named Goliath, the Philistian of Geth, coming vp from the campe of the Philistians: and he speaking these self same wordes, Dauid heard them.Cumque adhuc ille loqueretur eis, apparuit vir ille spurius ascendens, Goliath nomine, Philisthæus de Geth, de castris Philisthinorum: et loquente eo hæc eadem verba audivit David. 24And all the Israelites, when they saw the man, fled from his face, fearing him exceedingly.Or tutti gl'Israeliti, veduto colui, lo fuggivano: perocché ne aveano gran paura.And al the Israelites when they had sene the man, fled from his face, fearing him excedingly.Omnes autem Israëlitæ, cum vidissent virum, fugerunt a facie ejus, timentes eum valde. 25And some one of Israel said: Have you seen this man that is come up, for he is come up to defy Israel. And the man that shall slay him, the king will enrich with great riches, and will give him his daughter, and will make his father’s house free from tribute in Israel.E un uomo d'Israele disse: Vedete voi quell'uomo che è uscito fuora? egli viene ad insultare Israele. Or chiunque lo uccida, il re lo farà grandemente ricco, e gli darà la propria sua figliuola, ed esenterà in Israele la casa del padre suo da' tributi.And some one of Israel sayd: Haue you seene this man that came vp, to defye Israel he came vp? The man therefore that shal strike him, the King wil geue him his daughter, and he wil make his fathers house without tribute in Israel.Et dixit unus quispiam de Israël: Num vidistis virum hunc, qui ascendit ? ad exprobrandum enim Israëli ascendit. Virum ergo qui percusserit eum, ditabit rex divitiis magnis, et filiam suam dabit ei, et domum patris ejus faciet absque tributo in Israël.
26And David spoke to the men that stood by him, saying: What shall be given to the man that shall kill this Philistine, and shall take away the reproach from Israel? for who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should defy the armies of the living God?E Davidde disse alla gente, che eragli attorno: Che darann'eglino a chi ucciderà questo Filisteo, e torrà l'obbrobrio da Israele? Perocché chi è egli questo Filisteo incirconciso, che vitupera le schiere di Dio vivo?And Dauid spake to the men that stood with him, saying: What shal be geuen to the man that shal beate this Philistian, and shal take away the reproch from Israel? For who is this vncircumcised Philistian, which hath vpbraided the armies of the liuing God?Et ait David ad viros qui stabant secum, dicens: Quid dabitur viro qui percusserit Philisthæum hunc, et tulerit opprobrium de Israël ? quis enim est hic Philisthæus incircumcisus, qui exprobravit acies Dei viventis ? 27And the people answered him the same words, saying: These things shall be given to the man that shall slay him.E la gente ripeteva a lui le stesse parole, dicendo: Questo, e questo si darà a chi lo uccida.And the people reported vnto him the self same worde, saying: These thinges shal be geuen to the man, that shal strike him.Referebat autem ei populus eumdem sermonem, dicens: Hæc dabuntur viro qui percusserit eum. 28Now when Eliab his eldest brother heard this, when he was speaking with others, he was angry with David, and said: Why camest thou hither? and why didst thou leave those few sheep in the desert? I know thy pride, and the wickedness of thy heart: that thou art come down to see the battle.Ma mentre quegli parlava così con altri, avendolo udito Eliab, suo fratello maggiore, andò in collera contro Davidde, e disse: Perchè sei tu venuto qua, e hai abbandonate quelle poche pecore nel deserto? Io conosco la tua superbia, e la malvagità del tuo cuore: tu se' venuto a veder la battaglia.Which when Eliab his eldest brother had heard, when he spake with others, he was angrie against Dauid, and sayd: Wherefore cau•cst thou? and why hast thou left those few sheepe in the desert? I know thy pride, and the wickednes of thy hart: that to see the battel thou art come downe.Quod cum audisset Eliab frater ejus major, loquente eo cum aliis, iratus est contra David, et ait: Quare venisti, et quare dereliquisti pauculas oves illas in deserto ? Ego novi superbiam tuam, et nequitiam cordis tui: quia ut videres prælium, descendisti. 29And David said: What have I done? is there not cause to speak?E David disse: che ho io fatto? è ella altro, che una parola?And Dauid sayd: What haue I done? is there not cause to speake?Et dixit David: Quid feci ? numquid non verbum est ?
30And he turned a little aside from him to another: and said the same word. And the people answered him as before.E si scostò alquanto da lui, e andò verso altri, e disse le stesse cose: e la gente gli diede la stessa risposta di prima.And he went a litle aside from him to an other: and sayd the sel same word. And the people answered him as beforeEt declinavit paululum ab eo ad alium: dixitque eumdem sermonem. Et respondit ei populus verbum sicut prius. 31And the words which David spoke were heard, and were rehearsed before Saul.Or le parole di David essendo state sentite, furono riportate a Saul.And the wordes which Dauid spake were heard, and told in the sight of Saul.Audita sunt autem verba quæ locutus est David, et annuntiata in conspectu Saul. 32And when he was brought to Saul, he said to him. Let not any man’s heart be dismayed in him: I thy servant will go, and will fight against the Philistine.Dinanzi al quale essendo egli stato condotto, gli disse: Nissuno si sbigottisca per ragione di colui: io tuo servo andrò, e combatterò con quel Filisteo.To whom when he was brought, he spake vnto him: Let not any mans hart be discouraged in him: I thy seruant wil goe, and wil fight against the Philistian.Ad quem cum fuisset adductus, locutus est ei: Non concidat cor cujusquam in eo: ego servus tuus vadam, et pugnabo adversus Philisthæum. 33And Saul said to David: Thou art not able to withstand this Philistine, nor to fight against him: for thou art but a boy, but he is a warrior from his youth.Ma Saul disse a David: Tu non hai forza da stare appetto a quel Filisteo, nè per combattere contro di lui, perchè tu se' un giovanetto, ed egli è un uomo guerriero fin dalla sua puerizia.And Saul sayd to Dauid: Thou art not able to resist this Philistian, nor to fight against him, because thou art a childe, but he is a man of warre from his youth.Et ait Saul ad David: Non vales resistere Philisthæo isti, nec pugnare adversus eum, quia puer es: hic autem vir bellator est ab adolescentia sua. 34And David said to Saul: Thy servant kept his father’s sheep, and there came a lion, or a bear, and took a ram out of the midst of the flock:E Davidde disse a Saul: Il tuo servo pascolava la greggia del padre suo, e veniva un lione, ed un orso, e prendeva un ariete di mezzo al gregge:And Dauid sayd to Saul: Thy seruant did fecde his fathers slock, and there came a lyon, or a beare, and tooke a ramme out of the middes of the flocke:Dixitque David ad Saul: Pascebat servus tuus patris sui gregem, et veniebat leo vel ursus, et tollebat arietem de medio gregis: 35And I pursued after them, and struck them, and delivered it out of their mouth: and they rose up against me, and I caught them by the throat, and I strangled, and killed them.E io gl'inseguiva, e gli uccideva, strappando dalle lor fauci (la preda); e quelli si voltavan contro di me, e io li prendeva per la gola e gli strangolava, e gli uccideva.and I pursued them, and stroke them, and plucked them out of their mouth, and they arose vp against me, and I caught their chinne, and I strangled and slew them.et persequebar eos, et percutiebam, eruebamque de ore eorum: et illi consurgebant adversum me, et apprehendebam mentum eorum, et suffocabam, interficiebamque eos.
36For I thy servant have killed both a lion and a bear: and this uncircumcised Philistine shall be also as one of them. I will go now, and take away the reproach of the people: for who is this uncircumcised Philistine, who hath dared to curse the army of the living God?Perocché e un leone, e un orso ho ucciso io tuo servo: sarà adunque come uno di questi anche questo Filisteo incirconciso. Adesso io anderò, e torrò l'obbrobrio del popolo: perocché chi è egli questo Filisteo incirconciso, che ha ardito di maledire l'esercito di Dio vivo?For both the lyon and the beare did I thy seruant kil: therefore this vncircumcised Philistian also, shal be as it were one of them. Now wil I goe and take away the reproch of the people: for who is this vncircumcised Philistian, which hath beene so hardie to curse the host of the liuing God?Nam et leonem et ursum interfeci ego servus tuus: erit igitur et Philisthæus hic incircumcisus quasi unus ex eis. Nunc vadam, et auferam opprobrium populi: quoniam quis est iste Philisthæus incircumcisus, qui ausus est maledicere exercitui Dei viventis ? 37And David said: The Lord who delivered me out of the paw of the lion, and out of the paw of the bear, he will deliver me out of the hand of this Philistine. And Saul said to David: Go, and the Lord be with thee.E soggiunse David: Il Signore, che liberommi dal lione, e dall'orso, egli mi libererà dalle mani di questo Filisteo. E Saul disse a Davidde: Va, il Signore sia teco.And Dauid sayd: Our Lord which hath deliuered me from the hand of the lion, and of the beare, he wil deliuer me from the hand of this Philistian. And Saul sayd to Dauid: Goe, and our Lord be with thee.Et ait David: Dominus qui eripuit me de manu leonis, et de manu ursi, ipse me liberabit de manu Philisthæi hujus. Dixit autem Saul ad David: Vade, et Dominus tecum sit. 38And Saul clothed David with his garments, and put a helmet of brass upon his head, and armed him with a coat of mail.E Saul lo rivestì delle sue vesti, e gli mise in capo una celata di rame, e lo armò di corazza.And Saul clothed Dauid with his rayments, and put an helmet of brasse vpon his head, and vested him with a coate of maile.Et induit Saul David vestimentis suis, et imposuit galeam æream super caput ejus, et vestivit eum lorica. 39And David having girded his sword upon his armour, began to try if he could walk in armour: for he was not accustomed to it. And David said to Saul: I cannot go thus, for I am not used to it. And he laid them off,Davidde allora cintosi la spada di lui sopra la sua veste, cominciò a far prova se potesse camminare così armato: perocché non era avvezzo (a questo). E disse David a Saul: Io così non posso muovermi, perchè non son uso. E depose quelle cose.Dauid therefore being girded with his sword ouer his rayment, beganne to proue if he could goe armed: for he was not accustomed. And Dauid sayd to Saul: I can not goe so, because I am not vsed, and he layd them of.Accinctus ergo David gladio ejus super vestem suam, cœpit tentare si armatus posset incedere: non enim habebat consuetudinem. Dixitque David ad Saul: Non possum sic incedere, quia non usum habeo. Et deposuit ea, 40And he took his staff, which he had always in his hands: and chose him five smooth stones out of the brook, and put them into the shepherd’s scrip, which he had with him, and he took a sling in his hand, and went forth against the Philistine.E prese il suo bastone che avea sempre in mano, e scelse dal torrente cinque limpidissime pietre, e le mise nella sua taschetta da pastore che avea seco, e prese in mano la fionda, e andò contro il Filisteo.And he tooke his staffe, which he had alwaies in his handes: & he chose him fiue most bright stones out of the torrent, and cast them into the shepherds skrippe, which he had with him, and he tooke a sling in his hand, and went forth against the Philistian.et tulit baculum suum, quem semper habebat in manibus: et elegit sibi quinque limpidissimos lapides de torrente, et misit eos in peram pastoralem quam habebat secum, et fundam manu tulit: et processit adversum Philisthæum.
41And the Philistine came on, and drew nigh against David, and his armourbearer went before him.E il Filisteo si mosse con grave passo accostandosi verso David, e avea innanzi il suo scudiere.And the Philistian went, going, and approching against Dauid, and his esquier before him.Ibat autem Philisthæus incedens, et appropinquans adversum David, et armiger ejus ante eum. 42And when the Philistine looked, and beheld David, he despised him. For he was a young man, ruddy, and of a comely countenance.E quando il Filisteo ebbe veduto, e squadrato Davidde, Io disprezzò. Perocché era giovinetto rosso di pelo, e di bell'aspetto.And when the Philistian had seene, and beheld Dauid, he despised him. And he was a yong man redde, and beautiful to behold.Cumque inspexisset Philisthæus, et vidisset David, despexit eum. Erat enim adolescens, rufus, et pulcher aspectu. 43And the Philistine said to David: Am I a dog, that thou comest to me with a staff? And the Philistine cursed David by his gods.E disse il Filisteo a David: Son io un cane, che tu vieni verso di me col bastone? E il Filisteo maledisse David (giurando) pe' suoi dei.And the Philistian sayd to Dauid: Why am I a dogge, that thou comest to me with a staffe? And the Philistian cursed Dauid in his goddes.Et dixit Philisthæus ad David: Numquid ego canis sum, quod tu venis ad me cum baculo ? Et maledixit Philisthæus David in diis suis: 44And he said to David: Come to me, and I will give thy flesh to the birds of the air, and to the beasts of the earth.E disse a David: Vieni qua, e io darò il tuo carname agli uccelli dell'aria, e alle fiere della terra.and sayd to Dauid: Come to me, and I wil geue thy flesh to the foules of the ayre and the beastes of the earth.dixitque ad David: Veni ad me, et dabo carnes tuas volatilibus cæli et bestiis terræ. 45And David said to the Philistine: Thou comest to me with a sword, and with a spear, and with a shield: but I come to thee in the name of the Lord of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, which thou hast defied.Ma David disse al Filisteo: Tu vieni a me colla spada, e colla lancia, e collo scudo: e io vengo a te nel nome del Signore degli eserciti, del Dio delle schiere d'Israele, alle quali hai detta villania quest'oggi,And Dauid sayd to the Philistian: Thou comest to me with a sword, and speare, and sheeld, but I come to thee in the name of the Lord of hosts, the God of the bandes of Israel, whom thou hast defiedDixit autem David ad Philisthæum: Tu venis ad me cum gladio, et hasta, et clypeo: ego autem venio ad te in nomine Domini exercituum, Dei agminum Israël quibus exprobrasti
46This day, and the Lord will deliver thee into my hand, and I will slay thee, and take away thy head from thee: and I will give the carcasses of the army of the Philistines this day to the birds of the air, and to the beasts of the earth: that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel.E il Signore ti darà nelle mie mani, e ti ucciderò, e troncherò il tuo capo: e darò oggi i cadaveri dei Filistei agli uccelli dell'aria, e alle fiere della terra; affinchè tutta la terra conosca, come v'ha un Dio in Israele.this day, and our Lord shal geue thee in my hand, and I shal strike thee, and take away thy head from thee: and I shal geue the carcasses of the campe of the Philistijms this day, to the fowles of the ayre, and to the beastes of the earth: that al the earth may knowe that there is a God in Israel.hodie, et dabit te Dominus in manu mea, et percutiam te, et auferam caput tuum a te: et dabo cadavera castrorum Philisthiim hodie volatilibus cæli, et bestiis terræ, ut sciat omnis terra quia est Deus in Israël, 47And all this assembly shall know that the Lord saveth not with sword and spear: for it is his battle, and he will deliver you into our hands.E tutta questa gente adunata comprenda che il Signore dà salute non per mezzo della spada, o della lancia: perocché in man del Signore sta la guerra, ed egli daravvi nelle nostre mani.And al this assemblie shal know, that not in sword, nor in speare, doth our Lord saue, for it is his battel, and he wil deliuer you into our handes.et noverit universa ecclesia hæc, quia non in gladio nec in hasta salvat Dominus: ipsius enim est bellum, et tradet vos in manus nostras. 48And when the Philistine arose, and was coming, and drew nigh to meet David, David made haste, and ran to the fight to meet the Philistine.Quando adunque il Filisteo si alzò avvicinandosi a David, si affrettò David, e corse verso il Filisteo per assalirlo.When the Philistian therefore was risen vp, and came and approched against Dauid, Dauid made hast, & ranne to the battel against the Philistian.Cum ergo surrexisset Philisthæus, et veniret, et appropinquaret contra David, festinavit David et cucurrit ad pugnam ex adverso Philisthæi. 49And he put his hand into his scrip, and took a stone, and cast it with the sling, and fetching it about, struck the Philistine in the forehead: and the stone was fixed in his forehead, and he fell on his face upon the earth.E mise la mano nella taschetta, e ne cavò una pietra, e la scagliò, menata in giro la fionda, e percosse il Filisteo nella fronte: e la pietra restò fitta nella fronte di lui, ed ei cadde boccone per terra.And he put his hand into his skrippe, and tooke one stone, and cast it with the sling, and fetching it about stroke the Philistian in the forehead, and he fel on his face vpon the earth.Et misit manum suam in peram, tulitque unum lapidem, et funda jecit, et circumducens percussit Philisthæum in fronte: et infixus est lapis in fronte ejus, et cecidit in faciem suam super terram.
50And David prevailed over the Philistine, with a sling and a stone, and he struck, and slew the Philistine. And as David had no sword in his hand,E Davidde ebbe vittoria del Filisteo, mediante una fionda, e una pietra, e percosso che ebbe il Filisteo, lo uccise. E siccome egli non avea spada alla mano,And Dauid preuailed agaynst the Philistian with sling and stone, and he stroke, and slew the Philistian. And whereas Dauid had no sword in his hand,Prævaluitque David adversum Philisthæum in funda et lapide, percussumque Philisthæum interfecit. Cumque gladium non haberet in manu David, 51He ran, and stood over the Philistine, and took his sword, and drew it out of the sheath, and slew him, and cut off his head. And the Philistines seeing that their champion was dead, fled away.Corse, e gettossi sul Filisteo, e prese la sua spada, e sguainatala lo finì, e tagliò la sua testa. Or veggendo i Filistei, come il più forte di tutti loro era morto, se ne fuggirono.he ranne, and stood vpon the Philistian, and tooke his sword, and drew it out of the scabard, and slew him, and cut of his head. And the Philistijms seing, that the strongest of them was dead, did flee.cucurrit, et stetit super Philisthæum, et tulit gladium ejus, et eduxit eum de vagina sua: et interfecit eum, præciditque caput ejus. Videntes autem Philisthiim quod mortuus esset fortissimus eorum, fugerunt. 52And the men of Israel and Juda rising up shouted, and pursued after the Philistines till they came to the valley and to the gates of Accaron, and there fell many wounded of the Philistines in the way of Saraim, and as far as Geth, and as far as Accaron.Ma la gente d'Israele e di Giuda si mossero, levando un grido, e inseguirono i Filistei sino ad arrivar nella valle, e sino alle porte di Accaron, e furon feriti, e uccisi molti dei Filistei per la strada di Saraim, e fino a Geth, e fino ad Accaron.And the men of Israel and Iuda rising vp shouted, and pursued the Philistians til they came into a valley to the gates of Accaron, and there fel wounded of the Philistijms in the way of Saraim, as farre as Geth, & as farre as AccaronEt consurgentes viri Israël et Juda vociferati sunt, et persecuti sunt Philisthæos usque dum venirent in vallem, et usque ad portas Accaron: cecideruntque vulnerati de Philisthiim in via Saraim, et usque ad Geth, et usque ad Accaron. 53And the children of Israel returning, after they had pursued the Philistines, fell upon their camp.E tornati indietro i figliuoli d'Israele dopo aver inseguito i Filistei, predarono il loro campo.And the children of Israel returning, after they had pursued the Philistians, inuaded their campe.Et revertentes filii Israël postquam persecuti fuerant Philisthæos, invaserunt castra eorum.
54And David taking the head of the Philistine, brought it to Jerusalem: but his armour he put in his tent.E David presa la testa del Filisteo la portò a Gerusalemme, e l'armi di lui ripose nella sua tenda.And Dauid taking the head of the Philistian brought it into Ierusalem: but his armour he layd in his tabernacle.Assumens autem David caput Philisthæi, attulit illud in Jerusalem: arma vero ejus posuit in tabernaculo suo. 55Now at the time that Saul saw David going out against the Philistines, he said to Abner, the captain of the army: Of what family is this young man descended, Abner? And Abner said: As thy soul liveth, O king, I know not.Or in quel punto, in cui Saul avea veduto David, che andava contro il Filisteo, egli avea detto ad Abner capitano dell'esercito: Abner, di qual famiglia è egli questo giovanotto? E Abner gli disse: Per la vita tua, o re, io nol so.And at the same time that Saul saw Dauid going forth against the Philistian, he sayd to Abuer the prince of the armie: Of what stocke is this yong man descended, Abner? And Abner sayd: Thy soule liueth ô king, if I know.Eo autem tempore quo viderat Saul David egredientem contra Philisthæum, ait ad Abner principem militiæ: De qua stirpe descendit hic adolescens, Abner ? Dixitque Abner: Vivit anima tua, rex, si novi. 56And the king said: Inquire thou, whose son this young man is.E il re disse: Informati, di chi sia figliuolo questo giovinetto.And the king sayd: Aske thou, whose sonne this yong man is.Et ait rex: Interroga tu, cujus filius sit iste puer. 57And when David was returned, after the Philistine was slain, Abner took him, and brought him in before Saul, with the head of the Philistine in his hand.E quando David, ucciso il Filisteo, tornò indietro, Abner lo prese, e lo introdusse alla presenza di Saul, avendo egli in mano la testa del Filisteo.And when Dauid was returned, after the Philisthian was slaine, Abner tooke him, and brought him in before Saul, hauing the head of the Philistian in his hand.Cumque regressus esset David, percusso Philisthæo, tulit eum Abner, et introduxit coram Saule, caput Philisthæi habentem in manu. 58And Saul said to him: Young man, of what family art thou? And David said: I am the son of thy servant Isai the Bethlehemite.E Saul gli disse: Giovinetto, di quale stirpe sei tu? E David disse: Io son figliuolo del tuo servo Isai di Bethlehem.And Saul sayd to him: O yong man of what progenie art thou? And Dauid sayd: I am the sonne of thy seruant Isai the Bethlemite.Et ait ad eum Saul: De qua progenie es, o adolescens ? Dixitque David: Filius servi tui Isai Bethlehemitæ ego sum.
17:1
Year of the World about 2942, Year before Christ 1062.
Battle. They perhaps had heard of Saul's malady, (Salien) and bore a constant hatred to the Israelites during his reign, 1 Kings 14:52.
Azeca, about 15 miles south of Jerusalem.
Dommim, or Phesdommim, 1 Paralipomenon 11:13.
17:2
Aquila
Terebinth. Hebrew ela, "the oak." (Aquila)
17:3
Valley of the Terebinth, which St. Jerome seems to call Magala, ver. 20.
17:4
Cornelius a Lapide
Base-born. Hebrew, "of two sons," or of obscure origin. (Cornelius a Lapide)
His parents are no where specified, as Arapha is not, as some pretend, the name of his mother, but denotes that he was of the race of the Raphaim, 2 Kings 21:16. Some translate, a man who challenges to fight a duel, or one who comes into the midst as "a champion," to decide the cause of all the rest. Thus the Gaul defied the most valiant of the Romans, but was slain by M. Torquatus, Livy vii. Septuagint, "A strong man went out from the station," etc. Chaldean, "There came out from among them, out of the camp of the Philistines, a man named Goliath." But many able interpreters adhere to the Vulgate.
Calmet
Span, about 12.5 feet, so that he was taller than two common men. Those who call in question the existence of giants, will surely have nothing to object to this formal proof from Scripture. (Calmet)
Kennicott
The Vatican Septuagint and Josephus read, however, "four cubits and a span," or near eight feet. (Kennicott)
Haydock
Some reduce his height to 11 feet 3 inches, or even to 9 feet 9 inches, English. (Haydock)
Haydock
His helmet weighed 15 pounds, avoirdupois; his collar, or buckler, about 30; the head of his spear (26 feet long) weighed about 38 pounds; his sword 4; his greaves on his legs 30; and his coat of mail 156: total, 273 pounds. (Button.) (Haydock)
Worthington
Goliath wa a figure of the devil, or of any arch-heretic, who provoketh the Church of God, but is slain by the humble with his own weapons. (Worthington)
17:5
Scales, like those of fishes. Septuagint insinuate, that it was armed with things resembling fish-hooks; alisidoton, hamata.
Lipsius
Brass, which was used for the armour of the ancients. Plutarch (in Demetrio) speaks of a coat of mail weighing forty pounds: the usual weight was twenty pounds. (Lipsius)
Calmet
The strength of the giant must have borne proportion with his size. (Calmet)
17:6
Calmet
Legs, on the forepart, from the knee to the ankle. Vegetius observes, that the infantry wore such greaves of iron, only on one leg. (Calmet)
Menochius
Shoulders, when he marched. (Menochius)
Calmet
Some understand a dart, etc., but without any proof. (Calmet)
17:7
Beam, which was of a very different construction from ours. Hostius concludes, that all the armour of Goliath must have weighed 272 pounds and 13 ounces, including the buckler and spear which his armour-bearer carried before him. Plutarch allows a talent, or 60 pounds, for the usual weight of a soldier's armour. Alcimus was remarked in the army of Demetrius, for having double that weight.
Calmet
Bearer. Hebrew, "one bearing a shield," or whose office it was to carry it, or any other part of the armour, when required. It would appear singular that the giant should have two bucklers, though David seems to specify two sorts, Psalm 34:2. This attendant might carry a large one, which would cover most part of the body, and was of service when a person had not to remove far from his place in battle. The buckler of Ajax was like a tower, and consisted of seven hides, covered with a plate of brass. (Homer, Iliad Z) (Calmet)
17:8
Menochius
Out; exulting, Ecclesiasticus 47:5. (Menochius)
Haydock
Servants; I am free. (Haydock)
Homer
Hand. Such combats were very common in ancient times. Paris and Menelaus, Hector and Ajax. The Horatii and Curiatii fought to decide the fate of contending nations. (Homer, Iliad g, and H.)
Calmet
(Livy 1:23.) (Calmet)
17:9
Estius
Us. It does not appear that this proposal was accepted or ratified by either party. The Israelites had still to pursue the enemy. (Estius)
17:12
Now, etc., to ver. 32. And when, is omitted in the Vatican Septuagint, which begins the latter verse thus, "And David said," as the Alexandrian copy does now the 12th, which leads Kennicott to suspect that the intermediate verses are an interpolation, formerly unknown to the Greek version. Houbigant includes these verses between crotchets, "that it may be understood that these are not of the same author as the rest, and that the sacred writer may not be accused of making useless repetitions." It has been observed in the last chapter, that David was the son of Isai, etc. "If, says he, this be omitted, there will be no vacuum in the context," as there is none in the Roman edition: (11) "they were greatly afraid. (32.) And David said to Saul," etc. As he had been appointed Saul's armour-bearer, it was very natural to suppose that he would be near the king's person on such an occasion, rather than feeding sheep. We find also, that he had a tent of his own, (ver. 54) which he could not have had, if he had only come to bring provisions to his brethren. The unaccountable conduct of Eliab, the timidity of all Israel for forty days, etc., will thus be avoided. Josephus is supposed to have given occasion to this embellishment, though he takes no notice of many of those particulars which excite the surprise of Pilkington, Kennicott, Aquila, etc., and Origen received them from the Jews as genuine. A Hebrew Bible, (1661) with marginal criticisms, by a Jew, includes these verses within parentheses, as interpolated, as well as from ver. 55 to 1 Kings 18:6, observing that, "the history consists at present of different and inconsistent accounts." The Syriac manuscript of Masius generally confirms the Vatican Septuagint (Morin) so that we conclude, that these verses are there asterisked on the authority of Origen, as not being in the original Greek, nor consequently in Hebrew. (ibid. p. 575.)
Haydock
Mentioned. Hebrew, "Juda, whose name....and the man went among men, an old man in the days of Saul." We have already observed that the Alexandrian Septuagint seems to promise a speech, but defers till ver. 32, thus, "And David said, the son of an Ephrathite. He was from," etc. (Haydock)
Calmet
Men. Chaldean, "He was an old man, whom they ranked among the young," as still vigorous. Jam senior, sed cruda seni viridisque senectus. (Calmet)
17:13
Battle. In these wars, all attended as much as possible, 1 Kings 16:10.
17:15
Calmet
Bethlehem, the king being relieved from his malady. "The greatest men formerly kept sheep." Ex antiquis illustrissimus quisque pastor erat. (Varro 2:1.) In this profession, David found many opportunities of signalizing his courage against wild beasts. (Calmet)
17:17
Calmet
Loaves. The soldiers at that time, and perhaps always among the Hebrews, lived at their own expense, as the tribute which was paid to the king was not sufficient to support large armies, ver. 25. (Calmet)
Haydock
St. Paul insinuates, however, that soldiers were paid, 1 Corinthians 9:7. (Haydock)
17:18
Cheeses. Hebrew, "of milk." Septuagint, "pieces of soft cheese:" érts is no where else used to denote cheese. This was a present (Calmet) for (Hebrew) "the Chiliarch."
Haydock
Placed, who is their immediate officer. (Haydock)
Calmet
Hebrew, "how they are mixed:" their company. Septuagint, etc., "what they stand in need of." Symmachus, "Thou shalt receive their pay." Syriac and Arabic, "what news." Others would translate, "their pledge," or bill of divorce to their wives, that, in case they be made prisoners for three years, the latter may be allowed to marry. (Trad. Heb.[Hebrew tradition?]) (Calmet)
17:19
Haydock
Fighting, or ready to engage. (Haydock)
17:20
Calmet
Magala signifies, "the circle, or chariots." The Arabs still place their waggons and baggage round the camp, or in a circle. (Calmet)
Menochius
It may also be a proper name. (Menochius)
17:22
Kennicott
Brethren. This inquiry seems rather unseasonable, when all were shouting for battle. (Kennicott)
17:23
Menochius
Up, or proceeding into the vale. (Menochius)
Camp. Hebrew, "ranks, or armies."
17:24
Haydock
Exceedingly, though they had now heard him twice a-day for so long a time, (Kennicott) and came purposely to engage him and all the Philistine army. Perhaps he proceeded farther than usual. (Haydock)
17:25
Calmet
Tribute, and all public charges, which may be burdensome. (Calmet)
Haydock
It does not appear that these words are addressed to any one in particular, nor that the king had authorized such a declaration. (Haydock)
Menochius
Yet the people all persisted in the same declaration, so that a promise must have been made. (Menochius)
Haydock
It was never at least fulfilled. (Haydock)
Worthington
Christ having overcome the devil, receives the Church for his spouse. (Worthington)
17:28
Battle. This speech is too insulting, even though David might seem to have given vent to the sentiments of his soul with too much ardour; particularly as Eliab knew that he had received the royal unction, (Calmet) if that were not kept a secret from him, 1 Kings 16:13.
17:29
Menochius
Sepak. Literally, "is it not a word" (Haydock) of no farther consequences? May I not speak my sentiments? (Calmet) as all others do. (Menochius)
Kennicott
Is not the thing enough to excite the indignation even of the coldest person, to hear this monster insulting God's armies? The repeated inquiries of David, made people conclude that he was ready to fight the giant, (Haydock) though as yet he had made no such proposal, whence it seems more improbable that his words would be reported to the king. (Kennicott)
Haydock
Protestants, "Is there not a cause?" (Haydock)
Menochius
Have I not an order from my father to come? (Menochius)
17:32
Haydock
Saul. Literally, "to him." But Hebrew and Septuagint have, "And David said to Saul," which makes the connection between this and ver. 11, more clear. (Haydock)
Menochius
In him, or on account of Goliath. (Menochius)
17:33
Tirinus
Boy, compared with the giant, (Haydock) or Saul, though David might be about 22 years old, (Salien) or near 30. (Tirinus)
Menochius
St. Augustine and Theodoret say only 14 or 16. (Menochius)
Calmet
He had not yet been in the wars. (Calmet)
17:35
Haydock
Them. He refers to two events, shewing his fortitude (Calmet) and generous disposition, which rendered him fit for command, as he was not afraid to expose his life to protect his charge. (Haydock)
Philo in Vita Mosis
The pastoral care is an apprenticeship for the throne to him who is designed to be at the head of the mild flock of men, as hunting with dogs conducts to martial exploits. (Philo in Vita Mosis.)
Worthington
He who has overcome the spirit of pride and of carnal pleasures, signified by the lion and the bear, is able also to gain a victory over the devil. (Worthington)
17:36
Calmet
I will....Philistine. This is not in Hebrew or the Septuagint, and it is marked as an addition in the ancient manuscripts. (Calmet)
Grotius
Single combats, to prevent the spilling of more blood, may sometimes be authorized by public authority. (Grotius)
17:39
Calmet
Armour. Hebrew, "he tried to go." Symmachus, "he went lame." Septuagint, "he laboured in walking once and twice." (Calmet)
Haydock
Salien supposes that the armour was not made for Saul, as he was much more bulky than young David. Yet we find that the latter could use the sword of the giant without difficulty. (St. Chrysostom, etc.) (Haydock)
17:40
Calmet
Smooth. Louis de Dieu translates broken "pieces of stones," as he pretends, contrary to the common opinion, that rough stones are more suitable for the sling. (Calmet)
Haydock
The learned Jew, whom we have cited above, (ver. 12,) and several others, have inferred from this verse, that David seems to have just come from the flock. But Kennicott justly observes, that slingers were of great service in the army; and the "vessel of shepherds," the bag or scrip, might well be used to obtain the stones; as the staff, makel, denotes a military weapon. (Taylor, Conc.) (Diss. 2:p. 555.) David was very expert in using these weapons, and the ordinary armour was encumbering to him. (Haydock)
St. Ambrose
"Valour depends more on its own efforts than on armour," tegumentis. (St. Ambrose, Off. I.)
17:43
Menochius
Gods. Dagon or Baalim. (Menochius)
Haydock
Septuagint Alexandrian has, "idols." The beauty and accoutrements of David, made the rough warrior suppose that he was not coming to fight, but only to laugh at him and run away. (Haydock)
17:44
Calmet
Earth. The heroes of modern days refrain from such compliments. Homer frequently describes his champions making long speeches in praise of their former exploits. David displays his piety and confidence in God. (Calmet)
17:47
Calmet
Battle, whose armies thou hast defied, (ver. 45.; Haydock) or in general, He is the God of war, who grants victory to whom He pleases. (Calmet)
17:48
Calmet
Arose. The Roman Triarii and the Gauls expected the hour of battle sitting. (Calmet)
17:49
Haydock
Forehead. "The soul....more probably resides in the callous body of the brain," (Eyre, Thesis 1797,) between the eyes. (Haydock)
Menochius
Earth, quite lifeless, (Salien) or unable to resist. (Menochius)
Calmet
The Balearic slingers scarcely ever missed their mark. (Livy, 8:4.) The Chaldean supposes that David hit the eye, which was not covered with brass: but the stone might penetrate or kill Goliath through his helmet. Even a buckler is not capable of withstanding their violence. (Diodorus, 5:207.) See Judges 20:16. (Calmet)
Worthington
Pride sits on the forehead, and manifests itself by impudent behaviour. We must destroy it by humility, and by the cross of Christ. (St. Augustine) (Worthington)
17:54
Haydock
Tent, or the tabernacle of the Lord, which David erected in his honour, at Jerusalem, many years afterwards. (Jun. Piscator, etc.) The lower part of Jerusalem was already in the hands of the Israelites. He might place the armour for the present in the tent of his brethren. We find that the sword was deposited in the tabernacle, at Nobe. (Calmet) See ver. 12. (Haydock)
Menochius
The head was carried about to various cities. It would serve to strike terror into the Jebusites, at Jerusalem, and others. (Menochius)
Haydock
The Vatican Septuagint, etc., immediately subjoin, 1 Kings 18:6. Now, etc. Literally, "And the women dancing, came to meet David." (Haydock)
Calmet
These three last verses occur only in the Alexandrian manuscript, though Theodoret (q. 43,) seems to have read them. In some other Greek copies, there is a long addition respecting David's combat. See the New Hexapla. These verses are found, however, in Hebrew, Chaldean, etc. It is astonishing that Saul should not have known David. He was now more interested to be acquainted with his family, as he had engaged to give him his daughter in marriage. We must reflect that his malady might have impaired his memory, and David was still growing, so that a few months absence might produce a wonderful alteration, etc. (Calmet)
Menochius
Know not. Literally, "if I know." The different dress, in which David now appeared, gave rise to this ignorance. (Menochius)
Haydock
Abner was not surely affected with the same malady as the king, who was obliged to ask David who was his father. But courtiers easily forget those from whom they have no expectations. (Haydock)
Kennicott
These strange proceedings make others conclude that this history is interpolated. (Kennicott)
Tirinus
Saul only enquires about David's parentage. (Mariana) (Tirinus)
17:4
This bold and impudent chalenger signifieth the diuel, or anie arch heretike, that prouoketh the Church of God. but is ouercome by the humble of hart and confident in God, & slaine with his owne weapon.
17:25
Christ ouercoming the diuel receiued the Church to his spouse. S. Greg.
17:34
or, for and. v. 36. 37.
17:36
He that hath ouercome the spirit of pride, and of carnalitie (signified by a lion, and a beare) is able also to ouercome the diuel.
17:49
Pride hauing impudencie of the forhead, is ouerthrowne by humilitie of Christs crosse. whose signe therfore we carie in our forhead. S. Aug. li. 50. homil. ho. 31.
17:55
Saul knew no• Dauid, being perhaps in a shep wards habue though he had not long besore serued & pleased him wel. ch. 16. v. 21.
17:14
St Gregory of Nazianzus † AD 389 Select Orations of Saint Gregory Nazianzen 2.117
… and may the God of peace, Who made both one, and has restored us to each other, Who setteth kings upon thrones, and raiseth up the poor out of the dust and lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill, Who chose David His servant and took him away from the sheepfolds, though he was the least and youngest of the sons of Jesse,
17:26
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on Paul's Epistle to the Romans 29
… And David in this way came to be king, having been first seen to be affectionately-minded towards them; so much indeed, though yet young, did he grieve for the people, as to risk his life for them, when he killed that barbarian. But if he said, “What shall be done to the man that killeth this Philistine?” ( 1 Sam. xix. 5 ;
Theodoret of Cyrus † AD 458 Letters of the Blessed Theodoret, Bishop of Cyprus 181
This wretch, however, has not been dismissed by the ruler of our souls like other men, that he may possess for longer time the things which seem to be full of joy. Knowing that the fellow’s malice has been daily growing and doing harm to the body of the Church, the Lord has lopped him off like a plague and “taken away the reproach from Israel.”
17:32
St Gregory of Nazianzus † AD 389 Select Orations of Saint Gregory Nazianzen 40
XVII. Art thou young? stand against thy passions; be numbered with the alliance in the army of God: do valiantly against Goliath.
St Ambrose of Milan † AD 397 On the Duties of the Clergy 2.7
32. There is David too who followed his steps, who was chosen from among all to rule the people. How gentle and kindly he was, humble in spirit too, how diligent and ready to show affection. Before he came to the throne he offered himself in the stead of all.
17:34
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 9
… In the same manner also did the ancient fathers; for instance, Daniel said, “Not for any wisdom that is in me.” ( Dan. ii. 30 .) And again Joseph, “Do not interpretations belong to God?” ( Gen. xi. 8 .) And David, “When the lion and the bear came, in the name of the Lord I rent them with my hands.” (
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 44
… “Ye know.” For just as Samuel, when about to deliver up the government to Saul says in their presence, “Have I taken aught of your hands? Ye are witnesses, and God also” ( 1 Sam. xii. 3, 5 ); (so Paul here). David also, when disbelieved, says, “I was with the flock keeping my father’s sheep: and when the bear came, I scared her away with my hands” (
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 Homilies on Second Corinthians 24
… Again, another also, to show the very same thing, said, “But truly I am full of power by the spirit and might of the Lord.” ( Micah iii. 8 .) And David also when he related the matter of the lion and of the bear, (
17:39
St Ambrose of Milan † AD 397 On the Duties of the Clergy 1.35
177. David never waged war unless he was driven to it. Thus prudence was combined in him with fortitude in the battle. For even when about to fight single-handed against Goliath, the enormous giant, he rejected the armour with which he was laden.
17:40
St Augustine of Hippo † AD 430 Letters of St. Augustin 75.2
… drinking of the brook by the way, and therefore lifted up in spirit, he cut off the head of Goliath, using the proud enemy’s own sword as the fittest instrument of death,
17:49
St Gregory of Nazianzus † AD 389 Select Orations of Saint Gregory Nazianzen 40
… See how great is my indulgence; see the goodness of the Spirit; the war shall be mine, yours the achievement; I will be under fire, and you shall live in peace; but join with your defender in prayer, and give me your hand by the Faith. I have three stones which I will sling at the Philistine;
St Jerome † AD 420 The Letters of St. Jerome 46.2
… Mary, the mother of the Lord, left the lowlands and made her way to the hill country, when, after receiving the angel’s message, she realized that she bore within her womb the Son of God. When of old the Philistines had been overcome, when their devilish audacity had been smitten, when their champion had fallen on his face to the earth,
17:50
St Jerome † AD 420 The Letters of St. Jerome 70.2
… And as if this were not enough, that leader of the Christian army, that unvanquished pleader for the cause of Christ, skilfully turns a chance inscription into a proof of the faith. For he had learned from the true David to wrench the sword of the enemy out of his hand and with his own blade to cut off the head of the arrogant Goliath.
17:51
St Ambrose of Milan † AD 397 Exposition of the Christian Faith 3.15
… in order that they might take the sword, which their opponents had drawn, to smite off the head of those opponents’ own blasphemous heresy.
St Augustine of Hippo † AD 430 Answer to the Letters of Petilian, the Donatist 1.9
… Did he live because the Count was his faith? —an elegant and well-turned saying of some early colleagues of their own, which they themselves are wont to quote with pride, not understanding that at the death of the haughty Goliath it was his own sword by which his head was cut off.
17:1
AND THE PHILISTINES GATHERED TOGETHER THEIR ARMIES FOR BATTLE, AND WERE GATHERED IN SOCHO OF JUDA; AND THEY CAMPED BETWEEN SOCHO AND AZECA, IN THE BORDERS OF DOMMIM. Socho, or Sochoh, was a city in the plains of Juda, as is evident from Joshua xv, 35, situated between Azeca and the borders of Dommim, that is Ephes-dammim (I Paral. xi, 13). The valley between two mountains — on one of which the Philistines stood, on the other Israel — is the valley of Terebinth (verse 2), so called from the terebinths which grew there. This valley was divinely ordained as the theater of the duel between David and Goliath, in which the youth armed with faith alone struck down the giant fortified with bronze and iron.
17:4
AND THERE CAME OUT A MAN OF SPURIOUS BIRTH. — For spurious the Hebrew is בנים benaim, which first Vatablus, Pagninus, Marinus and the Rabbis translate as between two lines, that is, intermediate, a mediator, for a duel, who namely would place himself in the middle between the two lines of Hebrews and Philistines, and would provoke the Hebrews to enter into a duel with him. Second, others translate benaim as like two; for Goliath in both magnitude and strength was equal to two. Whence the Septuagint translates: dynatos, that is, mighty. Third, our translator rightly renders it spurious, for benam, since it is dual, word for word is the same as between two. Moreover the Rabbis say, or rather feign, that Goliath was born from Orpha, David from Ruth. The same is asserted by Pseudophilo in Antiq. Biblicis. See the remarks on Ruth, chapter I. NAMED GOLIATH. — Goliath in Hebrew is the same as captivity, transmigration, revolution, says Pagninus. Aptly: for he himself, captured and struck down by David, was the cause that his fellow Philistines were captured and struck down by the Hebrews, and thus victory and dominion passed and revolved from the Philistines to the Hebrews. OF THE HEIGHT OF SIX CUBITS AND A SPAN. — For he was of the race of giants, says Nazianzenus, Orat. 30, and Philastrius, Haeresi 39.
17:5
AND HE WAS CLOTHED WITH A COAT OF MAIL. — The Royal edition reads, linked; but it should be read with the Roman, Chaldean, Vatablus and Pagninus, scaled, that is, covered and protected with brazen scales, says Vatablus.
17:7
AND THE STAFF OF HIS SPEAR WAS LIKE A WEAVER'S BEAM (Chaldean and Vatablus, like a yoke) OF WEAVERS. — Licia are called the threads by which weavers intertwine and weave the warp in cloths, and that around a thick piece of wood, which is called by them a weaver's beam or yoke. Whence Ovid, lib. VI Metamorphos.: "The web is joined to the yoke." Moreover, in I Kings xvii, 19, it is said that Adeodatus of Bethlehem struck Goliath the Gethite. The Chaldean, Rabanus, Lyran, the Gloss and the Rabbis understand by Adeodatus David. Better Josephus, Abulensis, Serarius and others judge it to be a different person, because in I Paral. xx, 6, Adeodatus is said to have struck the brother of Goliath.
17:8
CHOOSE OUT FROM YOU A MAN, AND LET HIM GO DOWN TO SINGLE COMBAT. — Thereafter it is permitted to turn war into a duel, when this is done by public authority; so that the slaughter of one may redeem the destruction of many. But Goliath here unjustly and out of arrogance sought a duel, trusting in his height, strength and arms. Therefore God justly laid low his arrogance through David; so that often in duels those who provoke fall and are slain by the just judgment of God the avenger. Hear St. Ambrose, book I On Duties, chapter xxxv: "David never waged war except when provoked. Therefore he had prudence as the companion of fortitude in wars. For even against Goliath, about to enter into single combat with a man of immense size, he rejected the arms that were offered to him which would have weighed him down. For virtue relies more on its own resources than on foreign protection. Then from a distance, so that he might strike more heavily, he laid low the enemy with the blow of a stone."
17:12
NOW DAVID WAS THE SON OF THAT EPHRATHITE MAN OF BETHLEHEM OF JUDA, WHOSE NAME WAS JESSE. Allegorically St. Augustine, sermon 197, which is on David and Goliath, explains this entire chapter and the duel concerning Christ contending with the devil: "Jesse," he says, "bore the type of God the Father. Jesse sent David to seek his brothers; and God the Father sent his only-begotten Son, in whose person it is written: I will declare thy name to my brethren. For Christ came to seek his brothers, when he said: I was not sent but to the sheep that are lost of the house of Israel." And shortly after: "Therefore David came with three measures of barley and ten loaves of cheese, to visit his brothers standing in battle; because Christ was about to come with the decalogue of the law and the mystery of the Trinity, to free mankind from the power of the Devil."
17:13
AND HIS THREE ELDER SONS WENT AFTER SAUL TO THE BATTLE. — Therefore Saul had already been freed by David playing the harp from the evil spirit: otherwise he would neither have gone to battle nor have let David depart from him.
17:17
TAKE TO THY BROTHERS AN EPHAH OF PARCHED CORN, etc. AND TEN LOAVES OF CHEESE — that is, as the Chaldean and Vatablus say, and ten cheeses of milk; for cheeses are coagulated from milk into round or square forms, which are called loaves. AND LEARN HOW THY BROTHERS DO. — In Hebrew ערבתם arubbatam, that is, take their mixture, that is, know with whom they are mixed and associated.
17:20
AND HE CAME TO THE PLACE MAGALA. — A place so called as it were the rampart of camps from its circular form; מגול agol indeed signifies round or circle; or from the circuit of chariots; for with these they are accustomed to fortify camps.
17:26
FOR WHO IS THIS UNCIRCUMCISED PHILISTINE, THAT HE SHOULD DEFY THE ARMIES OF THE LIVING GOD? — Behold now, impelled by the spirit of God, David brings forth single combat with Goliath, so that he might defend both the honor of God and of Israel. Whence St. Ambrose in Psalm cxviii, sermon 17: "David, while all were terrified, mocked the assault of the foreigner, and in single combat undertook the outcome of war and the weight of the entire battle, alone by his virtue repelling the common reproach and turning it against the enemy, the reproach of the whole people."
17:28
AND WHEN ELIAB HIS ELDEST BROTHER HEARD THIS, HE WAS ANGRY WITH DAVID — either from human prudence reproving the curiosity, pride and rashness of the young David, or from a certain emulation or envious feeling, as Theodoret says. Allegorically St. Augustine, sermon 197: "This elder brother, who reproached David bearing the type of Christ out of malice, signified the Jewish people, who through envy detracted from Christ the Lord coming for the salvation of mankind."
17:29
IS IT NOT A WORD? — as if to say, I do not seek to wage war, as you seem to reproach me; but I merely speak of the common rumor concerning this giant. Thus St. Chrysostom, homily 46 in Genesis: "See his prudence and gentleness. He says nothing rash, nothing harsh, but restraining their anger and mitigating their envy, he says: Did you see me take up arms? Did you see me stand in the line with others? I wished only to see and to inquire."
17:31
AND THE WORDS WHICH DAVID SPOKE WERE HEARD — inquiring about the reward of him who should overcome Goliath; whence those hearing them knew his courage and his desire to duel with Goliath sent to him by God; and therefore they reported the whole matter to Saul, who seeing and hearing David offering himself with such spirit to the duel, recognized that there was something heavenly and divine in him.
17:36
FOR I KILLED BOTH A LION AND A BEAR. — Allegorically St. Augustine, sermon 197: "David, that is Christ, then strangled the lion and the bear, when descending to the infernal regions he freed all from their jaws. The bear has strength in its claw, and the lion in its mouth; in these two beasts the same devil is figured." Tropologically, Abba Poemen, being asked by someone tempted by the spirit of fornication to give him a remedy, answered with that saying of David: "For I indeed struck the lion, and I frequently suffocated the bear. This is understood thus, because I cut off rage from my soul, but I suffocated fornication in labors." Thus Rufinus in the Lives of the Fathers.
17:38
AND SAUL CLOTHED DAVID WITH HIS GARMENTS. — For he saw that such great courage in David could not be except from God. Hence it is clear that David was of tall stature; otherwise the garments and arms of the tall Saul could not have been fitted to him.
17:40
AND HE TOOK HIS STAFF, AND CHOSE FOR HIM FIVE VERY SMOOTH STONES OUT OF THE BROOK, AND PUT THEM IN THE SHEPHERD'S SCRIP — such as shepherds are accustomed to use, so that they might keep their sling-stones in it. AND HE WENT FORTH AGAINST THE PHILISTINE. — "David appeared to men to be unarmed, but he was armed with the sword of divinity," says St. Ambrose, sermon 88. Allegorically St. Augustine, sermon 197: "David bore a type of Christ. For who could fight against Goliath, that is, the devil, before the Lord Christ freed mankind from the power of the devil? For David is interpreted as strong-handed. The sons of Israel stood against their adversaries for forty days. Forty days signify the present life, in which the Christian people do not cease to fight against the devil and his angels. Yet they could not conquer unless the true David, Christ, came with his staff, that is, with the sacrament of the cross." "Therefore Christ came and bound the devil. But someone says: If he is bound, why does he still prevail so much? He prevails indeed greatly, but over the lukewarm and negligent. For he is bound like a dog bound with chains, and he cannot bite anyone except him who joins himself to him with deadly security. He can bark, he can solicit, he cannot bite at all except one who is willing. For he harms not by compulsion, but by persuasion." Tropologically St. Bernard, in the sermon on the Fourth Sunday after Pentecost, by the five stones of David understands five virtues, by which we prostrate Goliath, that is, the elation of the mind, namely the threatening of punishments, the promise of rewards, the love of God, the imitation of saints, and prayer.
17:42
HE DESPISED HIM: FOR HE WAS A YOUNG MAN, RUDDY AND OF A FAIR COUNTENANCE. — Goliath despised David because he himself was a young man and almost unarmed but fair. He despised therefore his age, his arms and his beauty. He esteemed him unwarlike, because he was so fair. For warlike men are accustomed to be of martial and fierce countenance, not elegant and fair.
17:43
AM I A DOG? — as if to say, says St. Chrysostom, homily 46 on Genesis: "Did you think you were still among the sheep, and pursuing some dogs; and thus against me, as if against a dog, you came forth to battle equipped with those instruments?" But truly Goliath was a dog in impudence, infidelity, and filthiness; and therefore like a dog he was struck with a stone by David. AND THE PHILISTINE CURSED DAVID IN HIS GODS — saying, for example: May our gods destroy you, may our Dagon strike you. Moreover David, says Basil of Seleucia, oration 15, took courage and an omen of victory from this, saying: "I curse the tongue of my enemy, I hold the pledge of victory."
17:45
AND DAVID SAID TO THE PHILISTINE: THOU COMEST TO ME WITH A SWORD AND WITH A SPEAR AND WITH A SHIELD, BUT I COME TO THEE IN THE NAME OF THE LORD OF HOSTS. — Hence it is clear that David, impelled by God, undertook this duel; otherwise a young man would have rashly opposed himself to a giant. God therefore inspired him with courage, as well as with strength, and with certain hope of victory. AND THE LORD WILL DELIVER THEE INTO MY HAND — as if to say, Therefore I come to you completely unarmed while you are armed, so that I may show that I rely on God alone. "Thus, thus," says St. Augustine, sermon 5 On the Words of the Apostle, "otherwise not, absolutely otherwise not is the enemy cast down. He who fights by his own strength is conquered before he fights." Hear St. Chrysostom, homily On David and Goliath: "David said to him: You come to me trusting in a sword, I in God; you fight with earthly things, I fight with heavenly things; you with a spear, I with faith; you with a shield, I with peace: you come to me in the strength of arms, I in the most powerful father. Finally your arms will be turned against you; for this is God's war, and the victory too will be God's." Moreover Josephus, book VI of Antiquities, chapter x, says that David said to Goliath: "You attack me trusting in your spear, and in breastplate and sword; but for me God is armor, who will destroy you and your army this day by our hands." Note τὸ for me God is armor. "For if God be for us, who is against us?" (Rom. viii).
17:46
AND THE LORD WILL DELIVER THEE INTO MY HAND — as if to say, Therefore I come to you completely unarmed while you are armed, so that I may show that I rely on God alone, and place all hope of victory in him, namely that he himself, so exalted, will strike you down and kill you with my hand. "Thus, thus," says St. Augustine, sermon 5 On the Words of the Apostle, "otherwise not, absolutely otherwise not is the enemy cast down. He who fights by his own strength is cast down before he himself fights." These words of David, though unarmed, brought him victory and a kingdom. Whence Basil of Seleucia, oration 15, exclaims: "O words full of divine love, or tasting victory even before victory! O you who made it plain that faith has no need of arms for battle! O you who made plain in yourself the power of faith! Grace knows how to read such souls: and therefore it called him, distracted by the care of the flock, to the kingdom."
17:49
HE SMOTE THE PHILISTINE IN THE FOREHEAD: AND THE STONE WAS FIXED IN HIS FOREHEAD, AND HE FELL UPON HIS FACE UPON THE GROUND. — Therefore Goliath had covered his head with his helmet, but not his forehead, especially because he despised David as unarmed; or if he had covered it, David, strengthened by God, hurled the stone with such force that he broke through the helmet. From this it is evident first that David was a remarkable slinger; he aimed at Goliath's forehead because, once broken through, it would injure the brain, from which all motion and sensation flows. It is evident secondly that this blow was so powerful that the stone pierced the forehead and struck the brain. It is evident thirdly that Goliath fell from the blow of a single stone. Mystically St. Augustine, sermon 197 On the Temporal: "See, brethren, where David smote Goliath — on the forehead surely, where he did not have the sign of the cross. For just as the staff had the type of the cross, so also that stone figured the Lord Christ. For He is the living stone, of whom it is written: The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner." Tropologically the duel of David with Goliath represents the struggle of the spirit with the flesh, which indeed casts down the flesh with the stone of austerity, and cuts off its head with the sword of mortification so that it does not rule, but is subject. Whence St. Chrysostom calls Goliath "a tower of flesh."
17:51
AND HE TOOK HIS SWORD, AND CUT OFF HIS HEAD. — David therefore slew Goliath with his own sword. His victory was thereby more glorious; for although Goliath, struck by the stone, fell to the ground, he did not immediately die, but only when David cut off his head. Allegorically St. Augustine, sermon 197 On the Temporal: "That David, having no sword, ascended upon Goliath and killed him with his own sword, signified that in the advent of Christ, the devil was conquered by his own sword — who through his wickedness and unjust persecution, which he exercised against Christ, lost his dominion over all who believe in Him." Finally the anointing of Samuel was working here, for by this duel and victory David paved the way for himself to the kingdom, to which he was destined by God and anointed by Samuel.
17:54
AND DAVID TOOK THE HEAD OF THE PHILISTINE AND BROUGHT IT TO JERUSALEM. — First he brought it into the camp; then he carried it through the surrounding cities, and finally to Jerusalem as the head of the kingdom of Israel. AND HIS ARMS HE PUT IN HIS TABERNACLE — but in the house of his father Jesse. Except the sword of Goliath; this indeed David consecrated to God and placed in His tabernacle, that it might be a lasting monument of this victory accepted from God; from there David, fleeing from Saul, received this sword from the High Priest in the city of Nob, as we shall hear, cap. XXI, vers. 8. Moreover concerning this sword David says, Psal. CXLIII, 11: "From the sword of the wicked deliver me." For this psalm is inscribed by the Septuagint: Psalm against Goliath. Wherefore David seems to have composed this psalm before the duel and to have implored God's aid by it; or rather, after the victory was won, he sang this psalm to God as a song of triumph. For thus it begins: "Blessed be the Lord my God, who teacheth my hands to war, and my fingers to fight."
17:55
OF WHAT FAMILY IS THIS YOUNG MAN DESCENDED? — It appears that Saul did not recognize David, who a little before had been familiar to him, indeed his armor-bearer and harpist. This is explained in various ways. I say therefore that there were various causes of this ignorance in Saul. First, that David, now growing up, was covered with a beard, which he did not have before, as St. Augustine says, and so his face was now more manly than youthful. Second, that David was now dressed in shepherd's clothing, whereas in Saul's court he had worn courtly dress. Third, that kings had so many courtiers and servants, and so many affairs of the kingdom, that they forgot many. Abner also, the commander of the army, was often away from the court and spent time in the camps. Lyran, Dionysius and Vatablus add that Saul here is not asking who David is, but from what family and what father he is descended, so that he might know whether he is worthy to whom he should give his daughter as wife — the reward for slaying Goliath promised by him to the slayer (vers. 25).
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
17:4
David (Heb. Dāwīdh "Beloved, Dear")
… Verses 7-8 briefly recall the encounter with the giant Goliath (cf. 1 Sam. 17:4 ff.). …
Geth (Hebrew Gath, Akkadian Gimtu, "Winepress")
GETH (Hebrew Gath, Akkadian Gimtu, "Winepress"). - A Canaanite city, mentioned in the letters of el-'Amārnah, capital of one of the five Philistine satrapies (Josh. 13:3). It had been the dwelling place of the Anakim and the Rephaim (v. GIANTS IN THE BIBLE): Josh. 11:22; 1 Sam. 17:4; 2 Sam. 21:19 ff.; 1 Chron. 20:6. It was punished for having kept the ark of Yahweh, which spread death there (1 Sam. 5:7-10; 6:17). David took refuge there twice when persecuted …
was one of their descendants (1 Sam. 17:4; cf. 2 Sam. 21:
and Phoenicia and pushed, partly by sea, partly by land, as far as southern Palestine, where they were defeated by Ramses III (ca. 1194). In his palace of Medinet Habu (near Thebes), the defeated peoples are represented in a manner that recalls the description of the Philistine Goliath (1 Sam. 17:4-7). Moreover, one of the peoples represented there is called Príti (Purusati), which is the Egyptian pronunciation of Péleth; another are the Zahari, whom the Egyptian Wen-Amon around …
17:12
… More frequent is the surname of B. "of Judah" (Judg. 17, 7, 9; 19, 1-18; Ruth 1, 1, 2; 1 Sam. 17, 12; Mic. 2, 1, 5, 6) to distinguish it from another B. in the tribe of Zebulun (Josh. 19, 15). The name of B. is missing from the list that the Masoretic text gives us of the cities …
… But Ephrathites certainly indicates here Bethlehem (I Sam. 17, 12; Mc. 5, 1).
17:13
Eliab (Heb. "Il My God Is Father")
(1 Chron. 2:13); he was of a proud disposition (1 Sam. 17:13, 18); his daughter or niece Abigail married Rehoboam (2 Chron. 11:18).
Semei (Heb. Šim'î "[The Lord] Has Heard Me")
Among the other S.s, some belong to the age of David: a brother of his (II Sam. 21, 21), elsewhere called Shammah (I Sam. 16, 9; 17, 13); a partisan of Solomon during Adonijah's attempt (I Kings 1, 8); a Levite among David's singers (I Chron. 25, 3). Mention should also be made of: a grandson of Levi (Ex. 6, 17 etc.); …
Semma (Heb. Šammā' or Šammāh; Vulgate Semma or Semmaa)
1. Son of Jesse, brother of David and father of Jonadab (II Sam. 13:3, 32). In I Sam. 16:9; 17:13 he is called Shammah, Simmaa in I Chron. 2:13 and Shamaa in I Chron. 20:7 (Heb. Šimā').
17:25
Merob (Heb. Mērabh = « Multitude », « Increase »)
… Mērabh = « Multitude », « Increase »). - Daughter of Saul (I Sam. 14:49), promised in marriage to the victor over Goliath (ibid. 17:25). After David's victory over the giant, Saul hesitates, demanding further proofs of valor with the secret hope that the young man might meet death in them (ibid. 18:17). Despite his …
Michal (Hebrew Mikhāl: « Who is powerful? » [?]; « The Almighty » [?]; « Who like God? » [?])
… David (v.), having been denied Merob, who was owed to him as the victor over Goliath (cf. 1 Sam. 17:25), accepted, in order to have M. as his wife, to pay Saul — a dangerous nuptial gift — two hundred foreskins of slain Philistines (ibid. 18:17-29).
17:26
Circumcision (From Lat. circumcisio, «cutting around»; Gr. περιτομή; Heb. Milāh)
… From the time of Joshua circumcision was universally observed and became the sacred seal of the people of God: its absence was a cause of dishonor and ignominy (cf. Judg. 14:3; 15:18; I Sam. 14:6; 17:26, 36; Ezek. 28:10; 31:18; 32:19 ff.). …
… The Israelites themselves call them "uncircumcised" (1 Sam. 17:26; 18:25; Judg. 14:3; 15:18), thereby indicating their diversity from the Semitic peoples; the Septuagint translates the proper name of P. in the majority of cases as ἀλλόφυλος (Vulg. alienigena). …
17:44
… For important persons monuments were erected on the tomb (cf. for the Maccabees: I Mach. 13, 27-30); while the lack of burial and lying unburied was considered a misfortune or a punishment (I Sam. 17, 44; I Reg. 13, 22; Jer. 9, 22; 22, 19; etc.).
17:45
… The very common expression Jahweh Ṣābhā'ōth (= "Jahweh of hosts") presupposes the concept that God was the invisible "captain" of the Israelite hosts in numerous wars, especially against the Philistines (cf. 1 Sam. 17:45; 2 Sam. 5:24). Even earlier it was customary to speak of the "armies of the Lord" (cf. Ex. 7:4; 12:41; Josh. 5:14).
17:52
Accaron (Hebrew Egrān; Assyrian Amqarrāna)
… the tribe of Judah (Josh. 15:45), which had captured it (Judg. 1:18); but shortly afterward it was ceded to the neighboring tribe of Dan (Josh. 19:43). In the time of Samuel, A. was again in the power of the Philistines (I Sam. 5:10; 6:16 ff.; 17:52), under whom it remained during the period of the monarchy. …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.