The reign of Osee. The Israelites for their sins are carried into captivity: other inhabitants are sent to Samaria, who make a mixture of religion.
Salmanazar king of Assyrians maketh Osee king of Israel tributarie, and perceuing his endeuour to be deliuered therof, imprisoneth him; after three yeares siege taketh Samaria, and carieth the people captiue into Assiria. 7. Al which God permitteth for diuers great sinnes here recited. 25. The new inhabitantes of the countrie not knowing God, are deuoured by lions. VVherupon a true priest is sent to instruct them. 29. but they lerning the rites of true religion do mixt the same with idolatrie.
1In the twelfth year of Achaz king of Juda, Osee the son of Ela reigned in Samaria, over Israel, nine years.L'anno duodecimo di Achaz re di Giuda, Osea figliuolo di Eia regnò sopra Israele in Samaria per nove anni.IN the twelfth yeare of Achaz king of Iuda, reigned Osee the sonne of Ela in Samaria ouer Israel nine yeares.Anno duodecimo Achaz regis Juda, regnavit Osee filius Ela in Samaria super Israël novem annis. 2And he did evil before the Lord: but not as the kings of Israel that had been before him.Ed ei fece il male nel cospetto del Signore, ma non come i re d'Israele suoi predecessori.And he did euil before our Lord: but not as the kinges of Israel, that had bene before him.Fecitque malum coram Domino, sed non sicut reges Israël qui ante eum fuerant. 3Against him came up Salmanasar, king of the Assyrians; and Osee became his servant, and paid him tribute.Contro di lui si mosse Salmanasarre degli Assiri, e Osea divenne suo vassallo, e gli pagava tributo.Against him came vp Salmanasar king of the Assyrians, and Osee was made seruant to him, and payd him tributes.Contra hunc ascendit Salmanasar rex Assyriorum, et factus est ei Osee servus, reddebatque illi tributa. 4And when the king of the Assyrians found that Osee, endeavouring to rebel, had sent messengers to Sua, the king of Egypt, that he might not pay tribute to the king of the Assyrians, as he had done every year, he besieged him, bound him, and cast him into prison.Ma avendo scoperto il re degli Assiri, come Osea tentando di ribellarsi avea mandati ambasciadori a Sua re dell'Egitto, per non pagare al re degli Assiri il tributo, che soleva dargli ogni anno, andò ad assediarlo, e presolo lo messe in prigione.And when the king of the Assyrians had found, that Osee endeuoring to rebel had sent messengers to Sua the king of Aegypt, that he might not pay tributes to the king of the Assyrians, as euery yeare he was accustomed, he besieged him, and cast him blound into prison.Cumque deprehendisset rex Assyriorum Osee, quod rebellare nitens misisset nuntios ad Sua regem Ægypti ne præstaret tributa regi Assyriorum sicut singulis annis solitus erat, obsedit eum, et vinctum misit in carcerem. 5And he went through all the land: and going up to Samaria, he besieged it three years.Egli fece scorrerie per tutto il paese, e accostatosi a Samaria, la assedio per tre anni.And he ranged through al the land: and going vp to Samaria, he besieged it three yeares.Pervagatusque est omnem terram: et ascendens Samariam, obsedit eam tribus annis. 6And in the ninth year of Osee, the king of the Assyrians took Samaria, and carried Israel away to Assyria: and he placed them in Hala, and Habor, by the river of Gozan, in the cities of the Medes.E l'anno nono di Osea, il re degli Assiri prese Samaria, e trasportò gl'Israeliti nell'Assiria, e li collocò in Hala, e in Habor, città dei Medi presso al fiume Gozan.And in the ninth yeare of Osee, the king of Assyrians tooke Samaria, and transferred Israel vnto the Assyrians: and he put them in Hala, and in Habor beside the riuer of Gozan, in the cities of the Medes.Anno autem nono Osee, cepit rex Assyriorum Samariam, et transtulit Israël in Assyrios: posuitque eos in Hala et in Habor juxta fluvium Gozan, in civitatibus Medorum.
7For so it was that the children of Israel had sinned against the Lord, their God, who brought them out of the land of Egypt, from under the hand of Pharao, king of Egypt; and they worshipped strange gods.Imperocché i figliuoli d'Israele avean peccato contro il Signore Dio loro, il quale gli avea tratti dalla terra d'Egitto, dalle mani di Faraone re dell'Egitto, e aveano adorati gli dei stranieri.For it came to passe, when the children of Israel had sinned to our Lord their God, which brought them out of the land of Aegypt, and out of the hand of Pharao the king of Aegypt, they worshipped strange goddes.Factum est enim, cum peccassent filii Israël Domino Deo suo, qui eduxerat eos de terra Ægypti, de manu Pharaonis regis Ægypti, coluerunt deos alienos. 8And they walked according to the way of the nations which the Lord had destroyed in the sight of the children of Israel, and of the kings of Israel: because they had done in like manner.E aveano imitati i costumi delle genti distrutte dal Signore all'arrivo de' figliuoli d'Israele, e (i costumi) dei re d'Israele, che avean fatte le stesse cose.And they walked according to the rite of the Gentiles, which our Lord had consumed in the sight of the children of Israel, and of the kings of Israel: because they had done in like maner.Et ambulaverunt juxta ritum gentium quas consumpserat Dominus in conspectu filiorum Israël et regum Israël, quia similiter fecerant. 9And the children of Israel offended the Lord, their God, with things that were not right: and built them high places in all their cities, from the tower of the watchmen to the fenced city.E i figliuoli d'Israele avean disgustato il Signore Dio loro con azioni non rette: e si erano eretti de' luoghi eccelsi in tutte le loro città, dalle torri delle sentinelle fino alle città fortificate.And the children of Israel offended our Lord their God with wordes not right: & built them excelses in al their cities from the Towre of watchmen vnto the fensed citie.Et offenderunt filii Israël verbis non rectis Dominum Deum suum: et ædificaverunt sibi excelsa in cunctis urbibus suis, a turre custodum usque ad civitatem munitam. 10And they made them statues and groves on every high hill, and under every shady tree:E si erano fatti de' boschetti, e si erano erette statue in ogni colle elevato, e sotto ogni pianta ombrosa.And they made them statues & groues on euerie high hil, and vnder euerie thicke woddie tree:Feceruntque sibi statuas et lucos in omni colle sublimi, et subter omne lignum nemorosum:
11And they burnt incense there upon altars, after the manner of the nations which the Lord had removed from their face: and they did wicked things, provoking the Lord.Ed ivi bruciavano incensi sopra gli altari ad imitazione delle genti, le quali il Signore avea disperse alla loro venuta: e fecero cose iniquissime, provocando ad ira il Signore:and burnt there incense vpon the altars after the maner of the Gentiles, which our Lord remoued from their face: and they did wicked things, prouoking our Lord.et adolebant ibi incensum super aras in morem gentium quas transtulerat Dominus a facie eorum: feceruntque verba pessima irritantes Dominum. 12And they worshipped abominations, concerning which the Lord had commanded them that they should not do this thing.E adorarono le immondezze contro il divieto fatto loro dal Signore.And they worshipped the filthes, wherof our Lord commanded them that thou should not doe this thing.Et coluerunt immunditias de quibus præcepit eis Dominus ne facerent verbum hoc. 13And the Lord testified to them in Israel, and in Juda, by the hand of all the prophets and seers, saying: Return from your wicked ways, and keep my precepts, and ceremonies, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers: and as I have sent to you in the hand of my servants the prophets.E il Signore avea fatte le sue proteste ad Israele, e a Giuda per mezzo di tutti i profeti, e de' Veggenti, dicendo: Convertitevi dai pessimi vostri andamenti, e osservate i miei precetti, e le cerimonie a norma di tutte le leggi intimate da me a' padri vostri, e come ho mandato a dirvi pe' miei servi i profeti.And our Lord testified in Israel and in Iuda by the hand of al the Prophetes and Seers, saying: Returne from your most wicked wayes, and keepe my precepts, and ceremonies according to al the law, which I commanded your fathers: and as I haue sent to you in the hand of my seruantes the Prophetes.Et testificatus est Dominus in Israël et in Juda per manum omnium prophetarum et videntium, dicens: Revertimini a viis vestris pessimis, et custodite præcepta mea et cæremonias, juxta omnem legem quam præcepi patribus vestris, et sicut misi ad vos in manu servorum meorum prophetarum. 14And they hearkened not, but hardened their necks like to the neck of their fathers, who would not obey the Lord, their God.Eglino però non ascoltarono, ma indurarono la loro cervice imitando la durezza de' padri loro, i quali ubbidir non vollero al Signore loro Dio.Who heard not, but hardened their necke according to the necke of their fathers, who would not obey our Lord their God.Qui non audierunt, sed induraverunt cervicem suam juxta cervicem patrum suorum, qui noluerunt obedire Domino Deo suo.
15And they rejected his ordinances, and the covenant that he made with their fathers, and the testimonies which he testified against them: and they followed vanities, and acted vainly: and they followed the nations that were round about them, concerning which the Lord had commanded them that they should not do as they did.E rigettarono le sue leggi, e il patto fermato da lui co' padri loro, e gli avvertimenti fatti ad essi da lui, e andaron dietro alle vanità, e infatuirono, e imitarono le nazioni circonvicine, intorno alle quali il Signore avea loro ordinato di non fare quel che esse facevano.And they cast away his ordinances, and the couenant that he made with their fathers, and the testifications, wherwith he contested them: and they folowed vanities, and did vaynly: and they folowed the Gentiles, that were round about them, concerning which our Lord had commanded them, that they should not doe as they did.Et abjecerunt legitima ejus, et pactum quod pepigit cum patribus eorum, et testificationes quibus contestatus est eos: secutique sunt vanitates, et vane egerunt: et secuti sunt gentes quæ erant per circuitum eorum, super quibus præceperat Dominus eis ut non facerent sicut et illæ faciebant. 16And they forsook all the precepts of the Lord, their God: and made to themselves two molten calves, and groves, and adored all the host of heaven: and they served Baal,E posero in non cale tutti i comandi del Signore Dio loro: e si fecero due vitelli di getto, e de' boschetti, e adorarono tutta la milizia del cielo, e rendettero onore a Baal,And they forsooke al the preceptes of our Lord their God: and made to them selues two molten calues, and groues, and adored al the hoste of heauen: and they serued Baal,Et dereliquerunt omnia præcepta Domini Dei sui: feceruntque sibi conflatiles duos vitulos, et lucos, et adoraverunt universam militiam cæli: servieruntque Baal, 17And consecrated their sons, and their daughters, through fire: and they gave themselves to divinations, and soothsayings: and they delivered themselves up to do evil before the Lord, to provoke him.E consagrarono i lor figliuoli, e le figlie per mezzo del fuoco; e si applicarono agl'indozzamenti, ed agli auguri: e si vendettero per fare ogni male dinanzi al Signore, provocandolo a sdegno.and consecrated their sonnes, and their daughters through fyre: and they gaue themselues to deuinations, and soothsayings: and they deliuered vp themselues to doe euil before our Lord, that they might prouoke him.et consecraverunt filios suos et filias suas per ignem: et divinationibus inserviebant, et auguriis: et tradiderunt se ut facerent malum coram Domino, ut irritarent eum. 18And the Lord was very angry with Israel, and removed them from his sight, and there remained only the tribe of Juda.E il Signore si adirò altamente contro Israele, e se lo tolse davanti, e non rimase se non la sola tribù di Giuda.And our Lord was wrath with Israel vehemently, and tooke them away from his sight, and there remayned but the tribe of Iuda onlie.Iratusque est Dominus vehementer Israëli, et abstulit eos a conspectu suo, et non remansit nisi tribus Juda tantummodo.
19But neither did Juda itself keep the commandments of the Lord, their God: but they walked in the errors of Israel, which they had wrought.Ma nemmeno lo stesso Giuda osservò i comandamenti del Signore Dio suo, ma imitò i traviamenti, ne' quali incorse Israele.But neither Iuda it self kept the commandementes of our Lord their God: but walked in the errours of Israel, which it had wrought.Sed nec ipse Juda custodivit mandata Domini Dei sui: verum ambulavit in erroribus Israël, quos operatus fuerat. 20And the Lord cast off all the seed of Israel, and afflicted them, and delivered them into the hand of spoilers, till he cast them away from his face:E Dio rigettò tutta la stirpe d'Israele, e li punì, e dielli in potere de' loro oppressori, sino a tanto che gli ebbe rigettati dal suo cospetto;And our Lord reiected al the seede of Israel, and afflicted them, & deliuered them into the hand of the spoylers, til he threwe them away from his face:Projecitque Dominus omne semen Israël, et afflixit eos, et tradidit eos in manu diripientium, donec projiceret eos a facie sua: 21Even from that time, when Israel was rent from the house of David, and made Jeroboam, son of Nabat, their king: for Jeroboam separated Israel from the Lord, and made them commit a great sin.Fin da quel tempo, in cui Israele fece scissura dalla casa di Davidde, e si elesse per suo re Geroboam figliuolo di Nabath (perchè Geroboam separò Israele dal Signore, e lo indusse a commettere il gran peccato.)euen now from that time, when Israel was rent from the house of Dauid, and made Ieroboam the sonne of Nabat their king: for Ieroboam seperated Israel from our Lord, and made them sinne a great sinne.ex eo jam tempore quo scissus est Israël a domo David, et consituerunt sibi regem Jeroboam filium Nabat: separavit enim Jeroboam Israël a Domino, et peccare eos fecit peccatum magnum. 22And the children of Israel walked in all the sins of Jeroboam, which he had done: and they departed not from them,Imitarono i figliuoli d'Israele tutte le iniquità commesse da Geroboam, nè mai le abbandonarono,And the children of Israel walked in al the sinnes of Ieroboam, which he had done: and they departed not from them,Et ambulaverunt filii Israël in universis peccatis Jeroboam quæ fecerat: et non recesserunt ab eis, 23Till the Lord removed Israel from his face, as he had spoken in the hand of all his servants, the prophets: and Israel was carried away out of their land to Assyria, unto this day.Fino a tanto che il Signore si tolse dinanzi Israele, come avea predetto per mezzo di tutti i profeti suoi servi. E Israele fù trasportato dalla sua terra nell'Assiria, dov'è anche in oggi.vntil our Lord tooke away Israel from his face, as he had spoken in the hand of al his seruantes the Prophetes: and Israel was transported out of their land vnto the Assyrians, vntil this day.usquequo Dominus auferret Israël a facie sua, sicut locutus fuerat in manu omnium servorum suorum prophetarum: translatusque est Israël de terra sua in Assyrios, usque in diem hanc.
24And the king of the Assyrians brought people from Babylon, and from Cutha, and from Avah, and from Emath, and from Sepharvaim: and placed them in the cities of Samaria instead of the children of Israel: and they possessed Samaria, and dwelt in the cities thereof.E il re degli Assiri menò gente da Babilonia, e da Cutha, e da Avah, e da Emath, e da Sepharvaim, e diede ad essi stanza nelle città della Samaria in luogo de' figliuoli d'Israele. E quelli possedettero la Samaria, e dimorarono in quelle città.And the king of the Assyrians brought from Babylon, and from Cutha, and from Auah, and from Emath, and from Sepharuaim: and placed them in the cities of Samaria for the children of Israel: who possessed Samaria, and dwelt in the cities therof.Adduxit autem rex Assyriorum de Babylone, et de Cutha, et de Avah, et de Emath, et de Sepharvaim: et collocavit eos in civitatibus Samariæ pro filiis Israël: qui possederunt Samariam, et habitaverunt in urbibus ejus. 25And when they began to dwell there, they feared not the Lord: and the Lord sent lions among them, which killed them.E quando cominciarono a dimorarvi, non temevano il Signore; e il Signore mandò contro di loro dei leoni, i quali gli uccidevano.And when they began to dwel there, they feared not our Lord: and our Lord sent lions vpon them, which killed them.Cumque ibi habitare cœpissent, non timebant Dominum: et immisit in eos Dominus leones, qui interficiebant eos. 26And it was told the king of the Assyrians, and it was said: The nations which thou hast removed, and made to dwell in the cities of Samaria, know not the ordinances of the God of the land: and the Lord hath sent lions among them: and behold they kill them, because they know not the manner of the God of the land.E ne fu portata la nuova al re degli Assiri, e gli fu detto: Le genti, che tu hai trasportate ad abitare le città della Samaria, non han cognizione del culto del Dio di quel paese; e il Signore ha mandato contro di loro dei leoni, i quali gli uccidono, perchè ei non sanno i riti del Dio del paese.And it was told the king of the Assyrians, and sayd. The nations, which thou hast transferred, and made to dwel in the cities of Samaria, know not the ordinances of the God of the land: and the Lord hath sent lions vpon them: and behold they kil them, for that they know not the rite of the God of the land.Nuntiatumque est regi Assyriorum, et dictum: Gentes quas transtulisti, et habitare fecisti in civitatibus Samariæ, ignorant legitima Dei terræ: et immisit in eos Dominus leones, et ecce interficiunt eos, eo quod ignorent ritum Dei terræ. 27And the king of the Assyrians commanded, saying: Carry thither one of the priests whom you brought from thence captive, and let him go, and dwell with them: and let him teach them the ordinances of the God of the land.E il re degli Assiri comandò, e disse: Si meni colà uno dei sacerdoti, che sono stati di là condotti in ischiavitù, ed egli vada a stare con quegli, e insegni loro il culto del Dio del paese.And the king of the Assyrians commanded, saying: Bring thither one of the priestes, which you brought thence captiue, and let him goe, and dwel with them: and let him teach them the ordinances of the God of the land.Præcepit autem rex Assyriorum, dicens: Ducite illuc unum de sacerdotibus quos inde captivos adduxistis, et vadat, et habitet cum eis: et doceat eos legitima Dei terræ.
28So one of the priests, who had been carried away captive from Samaria, came and dwelt in Bethel, and taught them how they should worship the Lord.Essendo adunque andato uno de' sacerdoti condotti schiavi dalla Samaria, abitò a Bethel, e insegnava a coloro la maniera di onorare il Signore.Therfore when one of those priests, which were led captiue from Samaria, was come, he dwelt in Bethel, and taught them how they should worship our Lord.Igitur cum venisset unus de sacerdotibus his qui captivi ducti fuerant de Samaria, habitavit in Bethel, et docebat eos quomodo colerent Dominum. 29And every nation made gods of their own and put them in the temples of the high places, which the Samaritans had made, every nation in their cities where they dwelt.Ma ciascheduna nazione si formò il suo Dio, e li collocarono negli adoratori eccelsi eretti dai Samaritani: ogni nazione (ebbe il suo) in ogni città da lei abitata.And euerie Nation framed their owne god, and put them in the highe temples, which the Samaritanes had made, Nation and Nation in their cities, where they dwelt.Et unaquæque gens fabricata est deum suum: posueruntque eos in fanis excelsis quæ fecerant Samaritæ, gens et gens in urbibus suis, in quibus habitabat. 30For the men of Babylon made Sochothbenoth: and the Cuthites made Nergel: and the men of Emath made Asima.Perocché i Babilonesi fecero i Socoth-benoth, e i Cutei, Nergel, e quelli di Emath fecero Asima.For the men of Babylon made Socoth benoth: and the Cutheites made Nergel: and the men of Emath made Asima.Viri enim Babylonii fecerunt Sochothbenoth: viri autem Cuthæi fecerunt Nergel: et viri de Emath fecerunt Asima. 31And the Hevites made Nebahaz, and Tharthac. And they that were of Sepharvaim burnt their children in fire, to Adramelech and Anamelech, the gods of Sepharvaim.E gli Hevei fecero Nebahaz, e Tharthac: e quei di Sepharvaim bruciavano i lor figliuoli in onore di Adramelech, e di Anamelech dei di Sepharvaim.Moreouer the Heueites made Nebahaz & Tharthac. And they that were of Sepharuaim burnt their children in fyre, to Adramelech, and Anamelech the goddes of Sepharuaim.Porro Hevæi fecerunt Nebahaz et Tharthac. Hi autem qui erant de Sepharvaim, comburebant filios suos igni, Adramelech et Anamelech diis Sepharvaim, 32And nevertheless they worshipped the Lord. And they made to themselves, of the lowest of the people, priests of the high places, and they placed them in the temples of the high places.E con tutto questo adoravano il Signore. E della gente più vile crearono sacerdoti de' luoghi eccelsi, e li collocavano negli alti adoratori.and neuetheles they worshipped our Lord. And they made to themselues of the vilest persones priestes of the excelses, and they placed them in the highe temples.et nihilominus colebant Dominum. Fecerunt autem sibi de novissimis sacerdotes excelsorum, et ponebant eos in fanis sublimibus.
33And when they worshipped the Lord, they served also their own gods, according to the custom of the nations out of which they were brought to Samaria:E adorando il Signore, servivano insieme a' loro dei secondo il costume delle genti, donde erano stati trasportati a Samaria:And when they worshipped our Lord, they serued also their owne goddes according to the custome of the Nations out of the which they were transported to Samaria:Et cum Dominum colerent, diis quoque suis serviebant juxta consuetudinem gentium, de quibus translati fuerant Samariam. 34Unto this day they follow the old manner: they fear not the Lord, neither do they keep his ceremonies, and judgments, and law, and the commandment, which the Lord commanded the children of Jacob, whom he surnamed Israel:Ei perseverano sino al dì d'oggi nell'antico costume: non temono il Signore, e non osservano le sue cerimonie, e i riti, e le leggi, e i comandamenti intimati dal Signore a' figliuoli di Giacobbe, cui egli diede il soprannome d'Israele:vntil this present day they folow the old maner: they feare not our Lord, neither keepe they his ceremonies, and iudgements, and law, and the commandemet, which our Lord commanded the children of Iacob, whom he surnamed Israel:Usque in præsentem diem morem sequuntur antiquum: non timent Dominum, neque custodiunt cæremonias ejus, judicia, et legem, et mandatum, quod præceperat Dominus filiis Jacob, quem cognominavit Israël: 35With whom he made a covenant, and charged them, saying: You shall not fear strange gods, nor shall you adore them, nor worship them, nor sacrifice to them.Con essi aveva egli fermato il patto, e avea lor comandato: Non temete gli dei stranieri, e non gli adorate, e non rendete loro culto veruno, né offerite loro sacrifizi:and he had made a couenant with them, & had commanded them, saying: Feare not strange goddes, and adore them not, neither worship them, and immolate not to them.et percusserat cum eis pactum, et mandaverat eis, dicens: Nolite timere deos alienos, et non adoretis eos, neque colatis eos, et non immoletis eis: 36But the Lord, your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, with great power, and a stretched out arm, him shall you fear, and him shall you adore, and to him shall you sacrifice.Ma il Signore Dio vostro, il quale vi ha tratti dalla terra d'Egitto con possanza grande, e colla forza del suo braccio, lui temete, lui adorate, e a lui offerite sagrifizi.But the Lord your God, which brought you out of the Land of Aegypt in great strength, and a stretched out arme, him feare ye, and him adore, and to him doe ye immolate.sed Dominum Deum vestrum, qui eduxit vos de terra Ægypti in fortitudine magna et in brachio extento, ipsum timete, et illum adorate, et ipsi immolate.
37And the ceremonies, and judgments, and law, and the commandment, which he wrote for you, you shall observe to do them always: and you shall not fear strange gods.E osservate, e adempite costantemente le cerimonie, e i riti, e la legge, e i comandamenti dati a voi per iscritto: e non temete gli dei stranieri:The ceremonies also, and iudgementes, and law, and the commandment, that he wrote you, kepe ye, that you may doe them alwaies: and feare not strange goddes.Cæremonias quoque, et judicia, et legem, et mandatum, quod scripsit vobis, custodite ut faciatis cunctis diebus: et non timeatis deos alienos. 38And the covenant that he made with you, you shall not forget: neither shall ye worship strange gods,E non ponete in dimenticanza il patto, che egli fermò con voi; e non rendete culto agli dei stranieri,And the couenant, that he made with you, forget not: neither doe ye worship strange goddes,Et pactum quod percussit vobiscum, nolite oblivisci: nec colatis deos alienos, 39But fear the Lord, your God, and he shall deliver you out of the hand of all your enemies.Ma temete il Signore Dio vostro; ed ei vi libererà dalle mani di tutti i vostri nemici.but feare our Lord your God, and he wil deliuer you out of the hand of al your enemies.sed Dominum Deum vestrum timete, et ipse eruet vos de manu omnium inimicorum vestrorum. 40But they did not hearken to them, but did according to their old custom.Quelli però non dieder retta, ma secondo l'antico loro costume operarono.But they heard not, but did according to their old custome.Illi vero non audierunt, sed juxta consuetudinem suam pristinam perpetrabant. 41So these nations feared the Lord, but nevertheless served also their idols: their children also, and grandchildren, as their fathers did, so do they unto this day.Queste genti pertanto renderon culto al Signore, ma con tutto questo servirono anche agli idoli loro; imperocché quello, che fecero i padri loro, lo hanno fatto i loro figliuoli, e i nipoti sino al dì d'oggi.These Nations therfore were fearing of our Lord but neuerthelesse seruing their idols also: for both their children and nephewes, as their fathers did, soe doe they vntil this present day.Fuerunt igitur gentes istæ timentes quidem Dominum, sed nihilominus et idolis suis servientes: nam et filii eorum, et nepotes, sicut fecerunt patres sui, ita faciunt usque in præsentem diem.
17:1
Year of the World 3274, Year before Christ 730.
Haydock
Twelfth. Houbigant would substitute 14th, to make the dates agree, p. 113. See 4 Kings 15:30. (Haydock)
Calmet
Hebrew may be, "in the 12th year....Osee....had reigned....nine years; which is true. (Calmet)
Haydock
He reigned so long afterwards, ver. 6. (Haydock)
17:2
Calmet
Him. The Jews say, that he did not hinder his subjects from going to Jerusalem to adore. One of the golden calves had been sent away by Manahem, Osee 10:5. (Calmet)
Haydock
Yet under this less wicked king the nation is destroyed, as their crimes were come to the height; and Osee had not sufficient virtue to suspend the stroke of divine justice any longer. (Haydock)
17:3
Josephus
Salmanasar, who is called Salman, or Salomo; (Osee 10:14.) and Enemassar, in the Greek of Toby[Tobias]. The Tyrians relate that he took many of their towns, but that Tyre sustained a siege of five years. (Josephus, [Antiquities?] 9:14.)
17:4
Calmet
Sua; probably Sabachon, king of Ethiopia, who made himself master of Egypt, and burnt king Bocchoris alive. Herodotus (II. 137.) calls him Abacus. Jocquelot thinks that Sethon is meant, and that he was invaded by Sennacherib on account of this league with Osee. (Calmet)
Calmet
Prison, after he had taken the city, (Haydock) which held out three years. This great city was then reduced to a heap of ruins, and so continued till after the captivity of the Jews, (1 Esdras 4:17.) when it began to be peopled again. The inhabitants revolted against Alexander the Great, who placed Macedonians in their city, and gave the territory to the Jews. It was afterwards seized by the kings of Egypt and of Syria. But Hyrcan retook it, and levelled it with the ground. Gabinius built another town here, which bore his name till Herod greatly enlarged it, and called it Sebaste. (Calmet)
17:6
Year of the World 3283.
Calmet
Medes. See 4 Kings 16:9. The great maxim and policy of these nations, was to transport the conquered nations to a distant country, in order to prevent any revolts. (Calmet)
17:9
Haydock
Offended. Hebrew, "They concealed (or spoke secretly; Haydock) words, which were not right before the Lord:" (Calmet) being guilty of hypocrisy or of blasphemy. (Haydock)
Tirinus
Watchmen: the meanest huts. (Tirinus)
Calmet
All was contaminated. (Calmet)
Menochius
Towers were erected to guard the flocks from thieves, 2 Paralipomenon 26:10. (Menochius)
17:10
17:11
Haydock
Removed by the sword, (Menochius) or by flight. (Haydock)
17:12
Abominations. Hebrew gillulim, "idols of dung."
Thing. Literally, "word."
17:13
Menochius
Seers. See 1 Kings 9:9. (Menochius)
Haydock
God never ceased to admonish the rebels. (Haydock)
Menochius
Jeremias 25:5. (Menochius)
17:15
Calmet
Testimonies. The ceremonial law was in memory of some great transactions, as the sabbath was of the creation; and the whole law was given with great solemnity, in presence of witnesses. (Calmet)
17:16
Heaven: sun and moon; and the stars, which were like the soldiers of the two former. This expression is very common in Scripture.
17:17
Fire. See 4 Kings 16:3.
Calmet
Delivered. Hebrew, "sold," 3 Kings 21:20., and 1 Machabees 1:16. (Calmet)
Worthington
To provoke. This was the consequence of their wickedness. (Worthington)
17:18
Sight, as objects of horror, cast away from the temple, and from the promised land.
Haydock
Tribe, or kingdom. See 3 Kings 12:20. Israel began to be rejected by God, when the schism took place. (Haydock)
17:23
Calmet
Day. If Esdras was the author of this book, as it is very probable, this observation would tend to show how much more favourably the Jews were treated than the kingdom of Israel, which was still, for the most part, in captivity. (Calmet)
17:24
Du Hamel
King, Assaraddon, who led away the remnants of Israel, and fulfilled the prediction, Isaias 7:8. (Du Hamel)
Babylon, or the territory. These people had been lately conquered from the Babylonian empire, from Syria, etc.
Cutha: the greatest part were from this city; so that the Samaritans were afterwards called Cutheans.
Emath, on the Orontes.
Calmet
Sepharvaim; or the Saspires, near Media. (Calmet)
Haydock
We find several other places mentioned, 1 Esdras 4:9. (Haydock)
17:25
Calmet
Lions. The Samaritan Chronicle says the fruits, though beautiful to the eye, were of a poisonous quality; and Josephus, as usual, ([Antiquities?] 9:14.) alters the text, saying that the people were afflicted with pestilence, and the oracle being consulted, told them to worship the High God; on which account, they desired the king to send them a priest. (Calmet)
Menochius
These nations had not been accustomed to fear the Lord in their own country; but God was more offended when they exercised their idolatrous worship in that land, which he had chosen in a particular manner for himself. (Menochius)
Haydock
He suffers wickedness and infidelity to prevail to a certain point; but when his patience is exhausted, (Calmet) all nature fights for him against the wicked. (Haydock)
17:26
King; Assar-adon, 1 Esdras 4:2. They did not send as soon as they came into the country.
Menochius
Land. They reason according to their false notions, as if a plurality of gods were not incompatible: and all would go on well, if each were served according to his will. On the same principle, they united the worship of the true God with that of idols, (Calmet) as had been done before by the Israelites. (Menochius)
Genebrard
Yet God having shewn that he could have forced them to comply, (Tostat) was pleased to remove the scourge; as if he preferred that imperfect worship rather than to suffer pure idolatry to reign. (Genebrard)
17:27
Haydock
Let him. Hebrew, Chaldean, Septuagint, "them go." Probably more went; but one was of superior dignity. He might have been priest of the golden calves, as none of the priests of Jerusalem had yet been taken. Hence he taught the Cutheans to join the worship of God with that of idols. Some think that no part of the Scripture was used among them, till the building of the temple by Sanballat, on Mount Garizim: (Le Quien, Antiquitè. 5:13.) but this is extremely improbable. How should he pretend to teach the law without the books of Moses? (Haydock)
The Samaritans have retained the Pentateuch in the Phoenician character, while the Jews have insensibly adopted the Chaldee, during their captivity. On some occasions, these people have boasted of their descent from the patriarchs, John 4:12., and 20. But in times of danger, they have confessed their true origin. (Josephus, [Antiquities?] ix. fin., and 12:5.
17:28
Calmet
Bethel. Garizim was not then honoured with the temple, as the Samaritans would pretend. (Chronicles) They wished to join in building that at Jerusalem, under Esdras. (Calmet)
Kennicott
Lord. Collins would make us believe, that the Samaritans continued "for a long time" without the Pentateuch, and all "heathens for many ages." But the first supposition "is to me incredible," says Kennicott; and Hottinger himself allows, that the priests did bring back a copy of the law "exactly corresponding with the autograph of Moses." (Exert. p. 8.) And as for the Samaritans being heathens, Prideaux, whom this infidel writer quotes, (Haydock) says, "consistently with his Bible, that they continued in that gross idolatry of worshipping other gods in conjunction with the True; which last words are very unfairly omitted." (Kennicott, Diss. 2:p. 115.)
Haydock
This was the true origin and state of this mixture of nations, who were sent to cultivate the lands of Samaria. (Haydock)
17:29
Haydock
Dwelt. This impure service did not deserve a mitigation of the late chastisement. But God often punishes in this world (Haydock) to manifest his glory, (John 9:3.) and spares to display his power (Calmet) and goodness. (Haydock)
He had sufficiently convinced these nations of his dominion over all.
17:30
Socoth-benoth, "the tents of young women," who prostituted themselves once in their lives at Babylon, in honour of Mylitta. (Herodotus 2:199.)
Calmet
Nergel, "light." (Calmet)
Selden
The Pyreia (Haydock) of the Persians are famous in history. (Strabo xv.) (Selden, Synt. 2:8.)
Calmet
Asima, like an ape, goat, etc. (Calmet)
17:31
Hevites, who came from Ava.
Nebahaz. "Nebo the seeing, or living and possessing." Nebo was a famous idol of Babylon.
Tharthac; perhaps Sar, (prince) Sak, or Sesac, (Jeremias 25:26., and 51:41.) the sun, etc.
Haydock
Adramelech, "the magnificent king," and Anamelech, "the king of clemency," may denote the sun and moon; as these were the divinities commonly adored in the East, under various names. The same victims were offered to these as to Moloc and Saturn; whence we may infer, that they were the same idols. St. Jerome translates the work of Eusebius on the Hebrews, (Calmet) and places without any disapprobation of his opinion, that Socoth-benoth, etc., were the names of towns, which the people built in Samaria. (Haydock)
17:32
Worthington
Worshipped, or appeared to worship: for true religion admits of no false god. (Worthington)
Haydock
Lowest. This expression sometimes means the most noble. (Haydock)
Calmet
But the priests were chosen from the midst of the people, without examination. They employed the priest, whom the king had sent for the worship of the true God, whilst others were appointed to serve the idols. (Calmet)
17:34
Haydock
His ceremonies. Hebrew, "they fear not the Lord, neither do they after their statutes." (Protestants) (Haydock)
Calmet
This involves a sort of contradiction, unless we explain it of the Israelites; though they had not been mentioned before. There is a confusion in the original text; and ver. 41 seems to require that we should understand it iin this manner, as the Cutheans could hardly be blamed for neglecting a thing of which they had before no knowledge. The Israelites are justly blamed for obstinately continuing in their prevarication, even in the midst of their captivity. The Syriac and Arabic translate, "The Israelites have been forced to leave their country, because they have abandoned the Lord; and they have not obeyed his laws, his precepts, and his ordinances, which he gave to," etc. Many adopt this explanation. (Junius; Vatable, etc.) (Calmet)
Haydock
Septuagint make these people unite the true and the false worship, as ver. 41. "They did according to their judgment. These fear, and do according to their justifications (dikaiomata) and decision; and according to the law," etc. (Haydock)
17:1
In the twelfth year of Achaz king of Juda.... He began to reign before: but was not in quiet possession of the kingdom to the twelfth year of Achaz.
17:17
That is, consequently they did prouoke him. as 3. R•g. 14. v. 9.
17:32
Not truly worshipped but made shew to worshippe. For true worship of God admitteth not worship of anie false god. •. 34.
17:3
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on the Gospel of St. John 31
… ( 2 Kings xv. 29 .) Against him Shalmaneser came and took other cities, and made them subject and tributary. (
17:4
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on the Gospel of St. John 31
… ( 2 Kings xvii. 3 .) At first he yielded, but afterwards he revolted from the Assyrian rule, and betook himself to the alliance of the Ethiopians. The Assyrian learnt this, and having made war upon them and destroyed their cities, he no longer allowed the nation to remain there, because he had such suspicions that they would revolt. (
17:15
Tertullian † AD 220 On Idolatry 20
… But it says, “Make not mention of the name of other gods, neither be it heard from thy mouth.” The precept it gives is this, that we do not call them gods . For in the first part of the law, too, “Thou shalt not,” saith He, “use the name of the Lord thy God in a vain thing,” that is, in an idol.
17:16
St Augustine of Hippo † AD 430 Expositions on the Book of Psalms 24.9
9. “Take away your gates, ye princes.” Let us go hence straightway into heaven. Again, let the Prophet’s trumpet cry aloud, “Take away too, ye princes of the air, the gates, which ye have in the minds of men who ‘worship the host of heaven.’”
17:20
St Cyprian of Carthage † AD 258 The Epistles of Cyprian 75.6
… It says, “And the Lord was very angry with all the seed of Israel, and removed them away, and delivered them into the hand of spoilers, until He had cast them out of His sight; for Israel was scattered from the house of David, and they made themselves a king, Jeroboam the son of Nebat.”
17:1
1. IN THE TWELFTH YEAR OF AHAZ KING OF JUDA HOSEA THE SON OF ELA REIGNED IN SAMARIA. This twelfth year of Ahaz was the eighth after the death of Pekah; for Pekah reigned twenty years, and died in the fourth year of Ahaz, as is evident from what was said in chapter xvi, verse 1. Wherefore there was an interregnum of eight years in Israel, namely from the fourth year of Ahaz, in which Pekah died, until the twelfth year of Ahaz, in which Hosea succeeded Pekah. It appears therefore that the reign of Hosea in Israel was interrupted by the arms either of the Syrians or of the rival family of Pekah, says Abulensis, Question XVII, for eight years, until in the eighth year Hosea, having resumed his strength, began to reign in the twelfth year of Ahaz. Thus Richard of St. Victor in the harmony of the years of the kings of Israel and Juda, Cajetan and others. See what was said in chapter xv, 30.
17:2
2. AND HE DID EVIL (customary to Israel, namely by worshipping the golden calves erected there by Jeroboam, as it were household gods or gods peculiar and ancestral to Israel) BEFORE THE LORD, BUT NOT AS THE KINGS WHO HAD BEEN BEFORE HIM; because, as the Hebrews relate in the Seder Olam chapter xxii, Hosea, although he himself worshipped the golden calves, nevertheless permitted those of his people who wished to go to Jerusalem, and there to adore the God of the Jews in the temple, which the other kings of Israel had not permitted, but rather intercepted those going by guards stationed by them. Hence Hosea permitted the Israelites invited by Hezekiah to go to Jerusalem to celebrate the Passover, to proceed there, as is evident from II Paralipomenon xxx, 11 and 18.
17:3
3. AGAINST HIM CAME UP SHALMANESER, son of Tiglath-pileser, son of Pul. Genebrardus thinks Shalmaneser to be he whom Ptolemy calls Nabonassar. But Shalmaneser was an Assyrian, while Nabonassar was a Chaldean, as the names themselves indicate. Thus Serarius. Wherefore Nabonassar was Baladan, of whom chapter xx, 12. AND HOSEA BECAME HIS SERVANT, AND PAID HIM TRIBUTE for five or six years, which being completed, he refused tribute, trusting in the aid of the king of Egypt. Wherefore Shalmaneser invaded Israel, and bound Hosea, and besieged Samaria for three years, and in the third year took it; which was the ninth and last year of Hosea, in which Shalmaneser carried away the remaining five tribes of Israel to Assyria and Media, just as Tiglath-pileser his father fourteen years before had carried away the five nearer tribes to the same place. This was the second and complete captivity of Israel, or of the ten tribes, from which they never returned, made in the sixth year of Hezekiah king of Juda, and this so that it might be a testimony that Christ, the expected Messiah, had long since been awaited by them from the books of the Old Testament, says Cajetan; for no hope remains to them of the restoration of an earthly kingdom, since they are completely scattered and dispersed, but only the hope of a spiritual kingdom and eternal salvation which Christ brought to all nations that wish to believe in him. Moreover, then Tobias was carried away from Israel to Assyria; for he himself was of the tribe of Naphtali: wherefore his history should be subjoined here; for it happened at this time under Shalmaneser.
17:6
6. And he placed them in Hala and Habor by the river Gozan, in the cities of the Medes. Josephus says they were led away into Media and Persia. Scaliger thinks they were transferred to the Colchians and Iberians. But I, says Genebrardus, think it to be ancient Tartary toward the desert of Belgica in the corner of the northern Orient, from which they, breaking forth under the year of Christ 1200, under the leader Genghis Khan, when they were previously unknown both in place and name, established the empire of the Khan of the Tartars, which is remembered today. For in the annals of the Hebrews with R. Solomon in the twenty-seventh chapter of Isaiah, the ten tribes were lost in the Orient, and there easily embraced Mohammedanism: which already from that age they were circumcised, and tinged with a certain corrupted form of Mosaic religion. Genebrardus confirms this from the fact that certain hordes among the Tartars are said to have retained the names Dan, and Naphtali and Zebulun, and other monuments of the law and Hebrew affairs exist among them: so that it is not surprising that Russia, Sarmatia, Livonia and Muscovy abound in Jews, who even now, as also in Europe, are most tenacious of the superstition of their homeland. Genebrardus adds that many penetrated into America; for there subterranean sepulchers with inscriptions of Hebrew letters were found, and that journey is indicated in IV Esdras xiii, 40: "These are the ten tribes, he says, which were made captive from their own land in the days of Hoshea the king, whom Shalmaneser king of the Assyrians led captive, and transferred them beyond the river, and they were transferred into another land, etc." Finally, Genebrardus thinks that this dispersion of the Israelites through the Orient and North and as it were an infusion of Jews gave occasion to the fable that they are shut up in the Caspian mountains. Here therefore the kingdom of Israel or of the ten tribes ends, which from their first king Jeroboam, who made the schism from Rehoboam king of Judah, lasted for 236 years, and this is the Assyrian captivity, which preceded the Babylonian in which the tribe of Judah was led away, and Jerusalem was destroyed under king Zedekiah, by 134 years. Moreover, many foreseeing this captivity had fled into other provinces, and many also true worshippers of God migrated into the tribe of Judah, and joined themselves to it, as is evident from what follows.
17:9
9. AND THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL PROVOKED THE LORD WITH WORDS NOT UPRIGHT. "Words," that is, things and works, namely with idolatries and superstitions. For "word" often in Scripture signifies the thing signified by the word through metonymy, as here in verse 11. FROM THE TOWER OF THE WATCHMEN UNTO THE FENCED CITY. "Tower of the watchmen," he calls a rustic tower, which is erected in fields and vineyards, so that in it dwell watchmen, who guard grapes, fruits and crops, as if to say the Israelites set up idols in places and municipalities both small and great, namely both in villages and hamlets, and in towns and fortified cities. Thus Vatablus.
17:11
11. And they did evil things (that is, works), as I have already said.
17:13
13. AND THE LORD TESTIFIED (protested) IN ISRAEL AND IN JUDAH BY THE HAND OF ALL THE PROPHETS; for then God sent prophets, namely Hosea, Isaiah, Joel, Amos, Obadiah and Micah, as is evident from their preambles. For under Azariah, or Uzziah the king, Hosea and Isaiah began to prophesy, who on behalf of God protested to Israel and Judah concerning the injury and impiety committed against God, namely that having abandoned God they worshipped idols, and concerning his chastisement, namely that God would lay them waste through the Assyrians, and lead them away captive; for they threatened and prophesied this to them.
17:15
13. AND THEY FOLLOWED THE NATIONS WHICH WERE ROUND ABOUT
17:16
16. AND THEY WORSHIPPED ALL THE HOST OF HEAVEN, namely the sun, moon, the morning star and the other stars, which are as it were the "host" and ordered array of God, which always goes about, and performs its stations, and serves God and at his command hurls storms, thunders and lightnings upon the unfaithful and impious.
17:20
20. AND THE LORD CAST OFF ALL THE SEED OF ISRAEL (namely both the ten tribes and the tribe of Judah, of which the discourse went before), UNTIL HE CAST THEM AWAY FROM HIS FACE, that is until he fully and irrevocably cast them away from himself. Let the Jews note here, namely that they are plainly cast off and rejected by God, so that they ought not to hope for the liberation of their nation from the captivity, which they will suffer for 1600 years, and the restoration of the Synagogue, but mixed and mingled with other nations, they ought to believe in Christ with them, if they wish to be freed from servitude both temporal and eternal.
17:24
24. AND THE KING OF THE ASSYRIANS BROUGHT MEN FROM BABYLON. Hence it is evident that Shalmaneser ruled not only over Assyria, but also over Babylon: for from there he transferred colonists into Samaria. AND FROM CUTHAH. Hence these colonists transferred into Samaria were called Cutheans, just as from Samaria they were called Samaritans. Wherefore they were Babylonians and Assyrians, not Jews or Israelites.
17:26
26. THEY KNOW NOT THE ORDINANCES OF THE GOD OF THE LAND, that is they know not the rite and ceremonies by which God wishes to be legitimately worshipped in Samaria: therefore he himself, being angry, sent lions upon them, as went before.
17:30
30. THE MEN OF BABYLON MADE SOCHOTH BENOTH as their own image and idol. Vatablus notes that these words are Syriac and Chaldaic, and that they signify: Sochoth Benoth is the same as hens with their chicks. Nergel is a rooster. Asima is a wild goat. Nebahaz is a dog, because it is accustomed to bark, or when angered to bare its teeth. Tharthac is a donkey. Adramelech and Anamelech is a mule and a donkey. See and marvel here at the stupidity of the Cutheans or Samaritans, who worshipped the most stupid animals, such as a mule, horse and donkey, as gods: God permitted this in order to show into what absurd deities those fall who abandon the true divinity of God.
17:33
33. AND WHEN THEY SERVED THE LORD, THEY ALSO SERVED THEIR OWN GODS. This was a new stupidity of the Cutheans, that they worshipped God together with their idols, as if God were the Lord of the land of Israel, which they themselves inhabited; but their idols were the gods of their fathers from their own lands, from which they had been brought into Samaria.
17:41
41. THEREFORE THESE NATIONS WERE FEARING (adoring, sacrificing, worshipping) INDEED THE LORD. NEVERTHELESS ALSO SERVING THEIR OWN IDOLS. FOR THEIR SONS AND GRANDSONS, JUST AS THEIR FATHERS DID, SO DO THEY EVEN TO THE PRESENT DAY. These therefore are the Cutheans or Samaritans, who worshipped the God of Israel together with the idols of the nations, and therefore were hateful to the Jews who alone worshipped God, as if they were accursed, as is evident from the Samaritan woman conversing with Christ in John IV. For from the entire mixture and confusion of the gods and religions of the nations, they made a certain religion compacted from many, as it were a monstrous patchwork. Wherefore they held various errors, which St. Epiphanius, Philastrius and others recount in their heresy. From the Jews they borrowed circumcision, the observance of the Sabbath, the ceremonies prescribed by Moses. For they admitted only the Pentateuch of Moses, but despised the other prophets and hagiographers. From other nations they borrowed their idols, gentile rites, superstitions, etc. Philastrius adds, and from him Gabriel Prateolus in the heresy of the Samaritans, that they first do not expect a future judgment; second, they deny the resurrection of the dead; third, they deny the immortality of the soul; fourth, they do not believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God promised by the prophets; fifth, St. Epiphanius, in heresy 9 in the middle: "They have," he says, "certain other ancient customs of madness, namely that they wash themselves with urine when they come from foreigners, being defiled indeed. And that they immerse themselves in water together with their garments when they have touched someone from another nation." Concerning other errors of the Samaritans see Epiphanius, heresies 10, 11, 12, 13. Moreover the Samaritans, when all things prospered with the Jews, wished to be Jews; when things went badly with them, they turned away, like the bat in Aesop's fable, who wished to be a bird with the birds on account of the wings he has, a mouse with the mice; for in body he is a mouse, but in wings a bird. Whence Josephus, book XI of the Antiquities, chapter viii, and book XII, chapter vii, writes that the Samaritans, when they saw that Alexander the Great was a friend to the Jews, boasted that they were Jews and worshipped the same religion as them: but when they perceived Antiochus Epiphanes to be hostile and an enemy to them, they denied that they were Jews and turned away from them.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
17:3
Sargon II (722-705) took Samaria (722-721), already besieged for three years by Shalmaneser V; he deported 27,290 of its inhabitants, transported there people from other conquered countries (v. SAMARITANS) and made the kingdom of Israel an Assyrian province (II Kings 17:3-6, 24; 18:9 ff.).
Salmanasar (Šulmānu-Ašarid [I])
SALMANASAR (Šulmānu-Ašarid [I]). - The name ("Šulmān [a warrior god of the Ninurta type] is pre-eminent"; Heb. Salman'ēser) belonged to 5 Assyrian kings between 1200 and 700 B.C. Among them, S. III (858-824) and S. V (727-722, named in 2 Kings 17:3 ff., 18:9 ff.) are of importance for the history of Israel.
17:4
… Subsequently he again suspended the tribute, and when his secret relations with Egypt, the age-old antagonist of Assyrian power, were discovered by the Assyrian king (in II Kings 17, 4 the king of Egypt who entered into relations with
17:6
I. IN ASSYRIA, MEDIA, BABYLONIA. - In 732 B.C. Tiglath-Pileser III (Pdl) deported to Assyria and Media numerous inhabitants of the northern regions of the kingdom of Israel (II Kings 15:29); after the conquest of Samaria (722 B.C.) Sargon increased the number of exiles (II Kings 17:6; 18:6). In his
… sea and ascends to the summit of Zion, destroying with the breath of his mouth, like a river of fire, the enemies, while he gathers, to form the new peaceful army, the 10 tribes of Israel, the one deported to Assyria, of which no trace remained (cf. II Kings 17, 6); but the time of his coming is inscrutable. — Finally in the 7th vision (14, 1-50), E. receives the order to transcribe for future generations the 24 books of the Old Testament (supposed …
… But the earlier Assyrian deportations of the Israelites of the north (II Kings 15:29; 17:6) suffice to explain the tone of G.
… It also transports us to a far broader stage, unfolding the scene among several families of Israelites deported by the Assyrian conqueror to the eastern provinces of his vast empire (cf. II Kings 17:6)" (A. Vaccari).
17:7
1 and 2 (3 and 4) Book of Kings
… it is a history with a thesis, in that it aims to demonstrate by facts that the happiness of the chosen people depends on observance of the divine law, just as from non-observance derive the misfortunes of the house of Judah and of that of Israel (cf. II Reg. 17, 7-23). Consequently, the religious element occupies the foreground in this history. …
17:10
… Their relation to the deity is not clear: whether it is a dwelling or a symbol of it. The Law therefore prohibited them (Lev. 26, 1; Deut. 16, 22). They are nevertheless found in the bānāth or sanctuaries in honor of Yahweh (I Kings 14, 23; II Kings 17, 10; 18, 4; 23, 14; II Chron. 14, 2; 31, 1; Hos. 3, 4; 10, 1 f.; Mic. 5, 12); and also in honor of Baal (II Kings 3, 2; 10, 26 f.). In Is. 6, 13 the m. is a tree trunk, deprived of its branches. …
17:17
… on a grill (tōpheth) to burn, according to the typical Hebrew expression: ha-ābhīr... bā'ēl lam-mōlekh (2 Kings 23:10) or ha-ābhīr lam-mōlekh (Lev. 18:21; Jer. 32:35) or even without the name of the god M., which is implied (Deut. 18:10; 2 Kings 16:3; 17:17; 21:6; Jer. 7:31; 19:5; Ezek. 16:21; 20:26, 31; 23:37; etc.).
… of execution); likewise some impious princes sacrificed human lives to Moloch in Jerusalem itself, that is, in the valley of Ben-Hinnom or Gehenna (cf. II Kings 16:3; 21:6). Especially in the northern kingdom the sacrifices of children were frequent (ibid. 17:17: in that crime one of the causes of the end of the Kingdom of Israel is recognized). …
17:24
CUTHA (Hebrew Kútháh). - Region from which, besides Babylon, Avah, Emath, and Sepharvaim, Sargon deported inhabitants to Samaria to colonize it (2 Kings 17:24-30). From these colonists, mixed with the remaining Israelites, the Samaritans originated. …
nadad II king of Damascus and Ahab king of Israel against Shalmaneser III, but in the end it was reduced to an Assyrian province by Sargon II and its inhabitants were deported as colonists to Samaria (II Kings 17:24; 18:34; 19:13). After this the history of the "region of E." (I Macc. 12:25) merges with the general history of Syria. …
… There are also reports of libraries attached to sanctuaries in Babylon, Assur, Cuthah (2 Kings 17:24), Agade, and Nippur.
SEPHARVAIM. - A city of the Assyrian Empire, from which the "king of Assyria," probably Sargon II, as from the centers of Cuthah, Avah and Hamath, had emigrants or colonists recruited, with whom to repopulate the cities of Samaria, left uninhabited by the recent deportations (II Kings 17:24). It is identified with Sabarim of Ezek. 47:16, a city of Syria, between Hamath, with which it is named, and Damascus. …
17:25
… Ethnologically descended from colonists of the Assyrian Empire, who immigrated after the destruction of Samaria in 721 (II Kings 17:25-41), they were always regarded with distrust by the Jews, but the separation occurred between 423-405 when Nehemiah (Neh. 13:28) expelled from Jerusalem the son of the high priest Eliashib …
17:27
Samaritans (Heb. Sōmērōnīm; Gr. Οἱ Σαμαρεῖται)
… The Assyrian authorities sent back from exile one of the Jewish priests, so that he might "teach the immigrants the cult of the god of the region" (II Kings 17, 27); the regional cult thus took on a syncretistic character with a certain predominance of the religion of Israel over idolatrous practices (ibid. 17, 40-41). A blow to this religious …
… consulted them; cf. Hag. 2, 11; Mal. 2, 6-9. The depositaries and dispensers of the t. were the priests: Mic. 3, 11; Jer. 2, 8; 18, 18; Zeph. 3, 4; Ez. 7, 26; 22, 16; 44, 23 (cf. Lev. 14, 57); cf. Hab. 1, 2-4 and Lam. 2, 9. Entrusted to the priesthood (cf. II Kings 17, 27-28; II Chron. 15, 3), the t. demanded absolute fidelity to certain principles of moral and ritual purity, individual and collective, whose negligence or violation constituted the crime, …
17:28
The name, which before the exile was applied to the territory of the Northern Kingdom (II Kings 10:32; 15:29; 17:28; II Chron. 25:13), after the destruction of the capital and the Kingdom designated the inhabitants of the Assyrian province of Samarina, then of the district of Semaraja. …
17:29
Bamah (Heb. "height"; plural Bāmāth)
… inexorably condemned to destruction by the Mosaic legislation (Deut. 12:4; 5; 7:5; Ex. 23:24; Num. 33:52); but the Israelites not rarely venerated them, indeed promoted them in the northern kingdom (Os. 10:8, 9; Am. 8:14; I Reg. 12:31; 13:32; II Reg. 17:29, 32; 23:7, 19; Ez. 6:3-6).
17:30
Nergel (Hebr. Nèrghal, Sept. 'Ergél)
… Nèrghal, Sept. 'Ergél). - Name of the idol that the Assyrian colonists, sent to populate the Samaritan city of Cuthah, "made" for themselves (II Kings 17:30).
… streets and quarters) surrounded by 7 walls furnished with 7 double gates (corresponding to the 7 spheres of the planets: F. Hommel); it is the "land from which one does not return" (ersit lā tari), cf. Job 7:9-10 and 10:21; its master is Nergal (cf. II Reg. 17:30; Ier. 39:3, 13) and his wife Ereshkigal, in a subterranean palace (cf. "the king of terrors": Job 18:14); there Tammūz disappears ("descends"), to revive whom the ātar seeks the source …
17:31
Adramelech (Hebrew 'Adrammelek)
… (2 Kings 17:31).
Anammelech (Hebrew 'Anammelech)
ANAMELECH (Heb. 'Anammelech), - Deity (together with Adrammelech, v.) of the inhabitants of Sepharvaim transplanted by Sargon to Samaria, who offered children to it as a burnt offering (IV Kings 17:31). It is probably the well-known Syro-Canaanite goddess 'Anat, prominent in the texts of Elephantine and Ras Shamra (v.), united with Moloch (v.) or Melek. …
17:40
Samaritans (Heb. Sōmērōnīm; Gr. Οἱ Σαμαρεῖται)
… the Jewish priests, so that he might "teach the immigrants the cult of the god of the region" (II Kings 17, 27); the regional cult thus took on a syncretistic character with a certain predominance of the religion of Israel over idolatrous practices (ibid. 17, 40-41). A blow to this religious deviation was struck by King Josiah, who, crossing the country, destroyed the idolatrous images everywhere (II Chron. 36, 6, 7), and even more by the teaching …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.