Diuers nations and countries to which Israel payed tribute, are subdued by Dauid, and pay tribute to Israel 16. Chief officers are mentioned.
1And it came to pass after this that David defeated the Philistines, and brought them down, and David took the bridle of tribute out of the hand of the Philistines,Dopo di ciò Davidde sconfisse i Filistei e gli umiliò, e tolse di mano a' Filistei il freno del tributo.AND it came to passe after these thinges Dauid stroke the Philistijms, and humbled them, and Dauid tooke the Bridle of tribute out of the hand of the PhilistijmsFactum est autem post hæc, percussit David Philisthiim, et humiliavit eos, et tulit David frenum tributi de manu Philisthiim. 2And he defeated Moab, and measured them with a line, casting them down to the earth: and he measured with two lines, one to put to death, and one to save alive: and Moab was made to serve David under tribute.E sconfisse i Moabiti, e distesi per terra li misurò colla corda: e di due corde di misura l'una menava alla morte, l'altra alla vita. E i Moabiti divennero servi, e tributarii di Davidde.And he stroke Moab, and measured them with a corde, making them euen with the earth and he measured two cordes, one to kil, and one to saue aliue: and Moab became seruing Dauid vnder tribute.Et percussit Moab, et mensus est eos funiculo, coæquans terræ: mensus est autem duos funiculos, unum ad occidendum, et unum ad vivificandum: factusque est Moab David serviens sub tributo. 3David defeated also Adarezer the son of Rohob king of Soba, when he went to extend his dominion over the river Euphrates.Parimente Davidde sconfisse Adarezer figliuolo di Rohob, re di Soba, allorché si mosse per conquistare il paese fino al fiume Eufrate.And Dauid stroke Adarezer the sonne of Rohob king of Soba, when he went forth to haue dominion ouer the riuer Euphrates.Et percussit David Adarezer filium Rohob regem Soba, quando profectus est ut dominaretur super flumen Euphraten. 4And David took from him a thousand and seven hundred horsemen, and twenty thousand footmen, and houghed all the chariot horses: and only reserved of them for one hundred chariots.E David fece prigionieri mille settecento de' suoi cavalieri, e venti mila pedoni, e tagliò i garetti a tutti i cavalli de' cocchi, e di quei cocchi ne riserbò cento.And Dauid hauing taken of his part a thousand seuen hundred horsemen, and twentie thosand footemen, hogh sinewed al the chariot horses: and he leift of them a hundred chariotes.Et captis David ex parte ejus mille septingentis equitibus, et viginti millibus peditum, subnervavit omnes jugales curruum: dereliquit autem ex eis centum currus.
5And the Syrians of Damascus came to succour Adarezer the king of Soba: and David slew of the Syrians two and twenty thousand men.E i Siri di Damasco si mossero per dare ajuto ad Adarezer re di Soba: e David uccise ventidue mila Siri.There came also Syria of Doma•cus, to bring ayde vnto Adar ezer the king of Soba: and Dauid stroke of Syria two and twentie thousand men.Venit quoque Syria Damasci, ut præsidium ferret Adarezer regi Soba: et percussit David de Syria viginti duo millia virorum. 6And David put garrisons in Syria of Damascus: and Syria served David under tribute, and the Lord preserved David in all his enterprises, whithersoever he went.E pose David presidio nella Siria di Damasco: e la Siria fu serva, e tributaria di David: e il Signore conservò David in tutti i luoghi dove andò.And Dauid put a garrison in Syria of Damascus: and Syria became seruing Dauid vnder tribute: and our Lord preserued Dauid in al thinges to whatsoeuer he went forth.Et posuit David præsidium in Syria Damasci: factaque est Syria David serviens sub tributo: servavitque Dominus David in omnibus ad quæcumque profectus est. 7And David took the arms of gold, which the servants of Adarezer wore and brought them to Jerusalem.E prese David le armi d'oro che avevano i cortigiani di Adarezer, e portolle a Gerusalemme.And Dauid tooke the golden armour, which the seruantes of Adarezer had, and brought them into Ierusalem.Et tulit David arma aurea quæ habebant servi Adarezer, et detulit ea in Jerusalem. 8And out of Bete, and out of Beroth, cities of Adarezer, king David took an exceeding great quantity of brass.E quantità grandissima di rame portò via David da Bete, e da Beroth, città di Adarezer.And out of Bete, and out of Beroth the cities of Adar-ezer king Dauid tooke brasse exceding much.Et de Bete et de Beroth, civitatibus Adarezer, tulit rex David æs multum nimis. 9And Thou the king of Emath heard that David had defeated all the forces of Adarezer.Ma Thou re di Emath avendo udito, come David avea disfatto tutto il nerbo delle forze di Adarezer,And Tou the king of Emath heard, that Dauid had striken al the force of Adar-ezer,Audivit autem Thou rex Emath quod percussisset David omne robur Adarezer, 10And Thou sent Joram his son to king David, to salute him, and to congratulate with him, and to return him thanks: because he had fought against Adarezer, and had defeated him. For Thou was an enemy to Adarezer, and in his hand were vessels of gold, and vessels of silver, and vessels of brass:Mandò Joram suo figliuolo al re David a salutarlo, e congratularsi con lui, e rendergli grazie dell'avere fiaccato, e disfatto Adarezer: perocché questi era nimico di Thou, e (Joram) portava seco vasi d'oro, di argento, e di bronzo:And Tou sent Ioram his sonne to king Dauid, to salute him congratulating, and to geue thankes: for that he had ouerthrowen Adarezer, and striken him. For Tou was enemie to Adarezer, and in his hand were vessels of gold, and vessels of siluer, and vessels of brasse:et misit Thou Joram filium suum ad regem David, ut salutaret eum congratulans, et gratias ageret: eo quod expugnasset Adarezer, et percussisset eum. Hostis quippe erat Thou Adarezer, et in manu ejus erant vasa aurea, et vasa argentea, et vasa ærea:
11And king David dedicated them to the Lord, together with the silver and gold that he had dedicated of all the nations, which he had subdued:I quali il re David consacrò al Signore insieme coll'oro e coll'argento consacrato da lui di tutte le genti, che avea soggiogate,which also king Dauid sanctified to our Lord with the siluer and gold, that he had sanctified of al the nations, which he had subdewedquæ et ipsa sanctificavit rex David Domino cum argento et auro quæ sanctificaverat de universis gentibus quas subegerat, 12Of Syria, and of Moab, and of the children of Ammon, and of the Philistines, and of Amalec, and of the spoils of Adarezer the son of Rohob king of Soba.Della Siria, e di Moab, e de' figliuoli di Ammon de' Filistei, e di Amalec, e colle spoglie di Adarezer figliuolo di Rohob, re di Soba.of Syria, and Moab, and the children of Ammon, and the Philistijms, and Amalec, and of the spoiles of Adarezer the sonne of Rohob king of Soba.de Syria, et Moab, et filiis Ammon, et Philisthiim, et Amalec, et de manubiis Adarezer filii Rohob regis Soba. 13David also made himself a name, when he returned after taking Syria in the valley of the saltpits, killing eighteen thousand:Acquistò ancor molta gloria Davidde, allorché ritornando dalla conquista della Siria, uccise diciotto mila uomini nella valle delle Saline.Dauid also made himselfe a name, when he returned hauing taken Syria in the Valle of Salt-pittes, eightene thousand being slayne:Fecit quoque sibi David nomen cum revereteretur capta Syria in valle Salinarum, cæsis decem et octo millibus: 14And he put guards in Edom, and placed there a garrison: and all Edom was made to serve David: and the Lord preserved David in all enterprises he went about.E pose governatori nell'Idumea, e un presidio di soldati: e l'Idumea tutta quanta fu soggetta a David. E il Signore custodì Davidde in tutti i luoghi, dov'egli andò.and he put souldiours in Idumea, and placed a garrison: and al Idumea was made to serue Dauid: and our Lord preserued Dauid in al thinges to whatsoeuer he proceeded.et posuit in Idumæa custodes, statuitque præsidium: et facta est universa Idumæa serviens David, et servavit Dominus David in omnibus ad quæcumque profectus est. 15And David reigned over all Israel: and David did judgment and justice to all his people.David pertanto regnò sopra tutto Israele: e rendeva ragione e amministrava giustizia a tutto il suo popolo.And Dauid reigned ouer al Israel: Dauid also did iudgement and iustice to al his people.Et regnavit David super omnem Israël: faciebat quoque David judicium et justitiam omni populo suo.
16And Joab the son of Sarvia was over the army: and Josaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder:E Gioab figliuolo di Sarvia era capitano dell'esercito: e Josaphath figliuolo di Ahilud era sua segretario.And Ioab the sonne of Seruia was ouer the armie: moreouer losaphat the sonne of Ahilud was recorder:Joab autem filius Sarviæ erat super exercitum: porro Josaphat filius Ahilud erat a commentariis: 17And Sadoc the son of Achitob, and Achimelech the son of Abiathar, were the priests: and Saraias was the scribe:E Sadoc figliuolo di Achibob, e Achimelech figliuolo di Abiathar erano sommi sacerdoti e Saraia scrivano.and Sadoc the sonne of Achitob, and Achimelech the sonne of Abiathar, were priestes: and Saraias, scribe:et Sadoc filius Achitob, et Achimelech filius Abiathar, erant sacerdotes: et Saraias, scriba: 18And Banaias the son of Joiada was over the Cerethi and Phelethi: and the sons of David were the princes.E Banaia figliuolo di Jojada era capo dì quelli di Cerethi, e di Phelethi; e i figliuoli di David erano i primi presso il re.And Banaias the sonne of Ioiada was ouer the Cerethi and Phelethi: and the sonnes of Dauid princes.Banaias autem filius Jojadæ super Cerethi et Phelethi: filii autem David sacerdotes erant.
8:1
Salien
Tribute. Aquila, and probably St. Jerome, translated, "cubit." Others suppose that Amma, or Meteg-ama, is some unknown place, which David wrested from the hands of the Philistines. It is hardly probable that the Israelites would have paid the latter tribute till the 20th year of his reign, (Calmet) or even till the 12th. (Salien)
Haydock
He might now force them to pay tribute. (St. Jerome, etc.) (Haydock)
Menochius
Perhaps a letter may have been transposed, and instead of Meteg, we should read, "Geth, the mother," or metropolis, and its dependencies; (1 Paralipomenon 18:1.) or "he took Metec, (Numbers 33:28.) and its mother," Geth, which reconciles the two passages. Chaldean, etc., "he deprived them of the advantage of the rivulet." Septuagint, "David took the separated" place, (Serarius) or the city of Geth. (Menochius)
8:2
Year of the World 2960.
Theodoret
Earth, like criminals condemned to die. (Theodoret)
Denis the Carthusian
Some of them he chose to spare, and made tributary, having levelled the strong places with the ground. (Denis the Carthusian)
Calmet
Septuagint intimate that half were destroyed. (Calmet)
Haydock
But the Hebrew rather implies that the greatest part was saved, "a full cord to save alive;" (Menochius) unless there were three lots, and only one of them, larger indeed than the rest, spared. (Haydock)
Grotius
Death, or slavery, were the portion of all who were taken in war. (Grotius, Jur. 3:4, 20.)
Seneca
Lex nulla capto parcit aut poenam impendit. (Seneca)
Haydock
Tribute. Hebrew, "brought gifts," which is a softer term. The Moabites were thus punished for former and, probably, for some recent offences. (Haydock)
8:3
Adarezer. He is styled Adadezer in Hebrew and this seems to have been his true name, though it is written Adarezer in Paralipomenon. Adad, or "the sun," was the chief idol of Syria, and the kings inserted the name with their own; as Benadad did. Josephus produces a fragment from Nicolaus of Damascus, in which he says that "Adad was king of Damascus, and of all Syria, except Phoenicia, and was defeated by David....His successors took his name, as the kings of Egypt did that of Ptolemy; and that the third in descent from this king, made an attack upon Samaria," and upon Achab. (Antiquities 7:6.)
Menochius
Adadezer was probably the aggressor. (Salien) (Menochius)
8:4
Scaliger
A thousand. Protestants supply chariots, (Haydock) after the Septuagint and 1 Paralipomenon (xviii. 4.) which have 7000 horsemen. See how we have attempted to reconcile these texts, 1 Kings 13:5. Perhaps the numbers were expressed by single letters; and the Hebrew final n, (700) has been mistaken for z, (7000) both here and [in] 2 Kings 10:18. Literis numeralibus non verbis antiquitus numeri concipiebantur. (Scaliger, apud Walton prol.)
Kennicott
"Will any other hypothesis so naturally solve this repeated difficulty?" (Kennicott, Diss. on 1 Chronicles xi. p. 96 and 463.)
Menochius
Kimchi thinks that the king's horse-guards are only specified here; and Salien supposes, that those who fought on chariots are also included in Chronicles, as they are often styled horsemen, Isaias 21:7, 9. (Menochius)
Houghed. Aquila, "destroyed." He rendered them unfit for war, as Josue had done, (Josue 11:6.) supposing that this was the import of the decree, forbidding many horses to be kept, Deuteronomy 17:16.
Menochius
Horses is not expressed in Hebrew, though the Protestants supply the word; as also, for. We should translate literally, "He left out of them 100 chariots;" (Haydock) as we read elsewhere, that Adarezer had 1000. (Menochius)
Haydock
But this expression being unintelligible, no less than, "he houghed all the chariots," as the text stands at present in the original, may lead us to suspect that this verse has been inaccurately printed. Septuagint, "David paralyzed, (or rendered useless) all the chariots; and 100 chariots were reserved for himself out of them." Josephus says the rest of the 1000 chariots were burnt, 5000 horse slain, and 20,000 foot. (Haydock)
8:5
Men. As Adarezer had brought upon himself the arms of David, perhaps by attempting to succour the Moabites, as he afterwards did the children of Ammon; (chap. 10.) so the king of Damascus was ruined by coming too late to his assistance. This king may be the Adad mentioned by Nicolaus. (B. 4.) (Salien, the year of the world 2993, the 14th year of David.) See ver. 1 and 3.
8:7
Calmet
Arms. "Quivers," Paralipomenon and Syriac. "Bucklers," Hebrew and Chaldean. "Bracelets," Septuagint. (Calmet)
Salien
These bucklers might be for ornament, like those of Solomon, 3 Kings 10:16. (Salien)
Haydock
They were taken afterwards by Sesac, king of Egypt. (Josephus, [Antiquities?] 7:6.) (Haydock)
8:8
Calmet
Beroth, or Boroe. (Calmet)
Salien
Brass. All for the use of the temple, 1 Paralipomenon 18:8. The battle seems to have been fought near Beroth. (Salien)
8:9
8:10
Calmet
Joram, called Adoram in Chronicles. (Calmet)
Menochius
His, Joram's hand. (Menochius)
8:11
8:13
Rabbins
Name, or triumphal arch. (Rabbins)
Menochius
He acquired great fame, 2 Kings 7:9., and Machabees 5:57. (Menochius)
Calmet
Syria, which is styled Aram in Hebrew. The Septuagint have read Edom, or Idumea, as the two names have often been confounded, on account of the similarity of the letters. The following verse seems favourable to this reading, as well as the title of the Psalm lix; and 1 Paralipomenon 18:12, says, Abisai....slew of the Edomites, in the valley of the salt-pits, 18,000. It is probable that David was present. This Idumea was on the east of the Dead Sea, and had Bosra for its capital. The salt-pits might be a great plain, about three miles south of Palmyra or Thadmor, which supplies almost all Syria with salt. (Brun.) (Calmet)
Othes think that the borders of the most salt lake of Sodom are denoted. (Menochius) See Genesis 14:10.
8:14
Calmet
Guards, or officers to administer justice in his name, after Joab had killed all the males, during six months, 3 Kings 11:15. (Calmet)
8:15
Menochius
All Israel, not only over Juda. (Menochius)
Haydock
All the people who dwelt within the promised land, as far as the Euphrates, were forced to acknowledge his dominion. (Haydock)
Calmet
People, settling their differences, etc. Kings formerly performed in person, the most important office of rendering justice; whence three kings of Crete are mentioned as judges in the realms below. (Calmet)
Menochius
David acted with wisdom and justice. (Menochius)
8:16
Sarvia, sister of David, 1 Paralipomenon 2:16.
Grotius
Army. Joab had acquired such influence over it, that his power was formidable even to David. He was a great warrior, and had contributed more than any other person to establish the throne of his uncle; but he was devoid of justice, and not much unlike Achilles. Jura negat sibi nata, nihil non arrogat armis. (Horace) (Grotius)
Challoner
Recorder, or chancellor. (Challoner)
Aquila
A commentariis. (Aquila)
Josephus
"Remembrancer," (Haydock) or the person who kept a journal of all memorable transactions. The kings of Persia employed people to keep such journals, 1 Esdras 4:15., and Esther 6:1. (Josephus, [Antiquities?] 11:2.)
Calmet
The power of these writers was very great, Judges 5:14., and 4 Kings 18:18. (Calmet)
Menochius
Reference is often made to their "words of days." They had also to present petitions and memorials from the people. (Menochius)
8:17
Calmet
Achimelech is also called the father of Abiathar, as these two had both names indiscriminately, 1 Kings 21:2. During the contest between the families of Saul and of David, two high priests were acknowledged, in their respective dominions. Sadoc was also permitted to officiate at Gabaon, during the reign of David; and, as Abiathar took part against Solomon, he was invested with the whole authority, and thus were accomplished the predictions made to Phinees and to Heli, Numbers 25:12., and 1 Kings 2:35. (Calmet)
Menochius
Yet Salien considers Abiathar as the sole pontiff, from the time that his father was murdered by Saul. Sadoc, in the mean while, was his arch-priest or delegate, at Gabaon; (Haydock) though Abulensis and Josephus acknowledge both as high priests, (1 Paralipomenon 24:3,) officiating by turns. (Menochius)
Scribe, or secretary. (Challoner) See Judges 5:14.
Haydock
Septuagint, "counsellor." He is called Susa, in Chronicles. (Haydock)
8:18
Challoner
The Cerethi and Phelithi. The king's guards. (Challoner)
They were Philistines, and had attached themselves to David while he was at Geth, continuing always faithful to him. We read of them in the Vulgate, under the reign of Joas, 4 Kings 11:19. David selected some out of all Israel, towards the end of his reign, 1 Paralipomenon xxvii.
Challoner
Princes: literally, priests; (Cohen) so called, by a title of honour, and not for exercising the priestly functions. (Challoner)
Calmet
Sanctius translates, they "were like priests." The book of 1 Paralipomenon (xviii. 17,) explains, were chief about the king. Septuagint, "masters of the palace." David kept them near his person, and employed them as he thought proper: Bertram thinks, in embassies, till after the revolt of Absalom, when Ira took their place, 2 Kings 20:26. (Calmet)
Du Hamel
Protestants, "David's sons were chief rulers." Chaldean, "grandees;" (Haydock) "ministers." (Grotius) (Du Hamel)
8:16
Recorder.... Or chancellor.
8:17
Scribe.... Or secretary.
8:18
The Cerethi and Phelethi.... The king’s guards.—Ibid. Princes.... Literally priests. (Cohen) So called, by a title of honour, and not from exercising the priestly functions.
8:2
For 〈◊〉 •• p•••• Dauid compassing then with cordes, as 〈…〉 are e••i••••d, cast them on the around, and by lotte killed some, and spared some aliue.
8:13
Sette 〈◊〉 an Arch in memorie of triumph.
8:16
•rcha• ••l•r.
8:18
These were archers and sling throwers of the guard. Phara••rasis shall.
Or priestes, o• chief rulers. See the annotation. Gen 47. v. 22. 1. Paral, 18. v. 17.
8:13
san Girolamo † 420 d.C. Against the Pelagians 2
2 Sam. viii. 13, 14 . David receives the promises with the humble confession of his weakness. “Is this the law of man, O God?”
8:14
Afraate † 346 d.C. Aphrahat: Select Demonstrations 17.4
… As I called them, so they went and worshipped Baal and offered incense to the graven images. And Isaiah said concerning them, Children have I reared and brought up, and they have rebelled against Me. And again it is written, Ye are the children of the Lord your God . And about Solomon He said, He shall be to Me a son, and I will be to him a Father .
8:1
1. Et tulit David frenum tributi de manu Philistiim. Hebraice est מתגהאמה meteghaamma, quod Vatablus, Pagninus et alii accipiunt ut nomen proprium urbis, quae fuit quasi meteghaamma, id est frenum caeterarum urbium vicinarum in Philistaea. Secundo, alii accipiunt ut nomen appellativum significans frenum cubiti (meteg enim est frenum, amma est cubitus, ha est articulus amma), indeque "frenum tributi," quod pretium tributi limitatum et definitum sit instar cubiti; amma ergo certam pensionem tributi significat. Aquila vertit, frenum aquaeductus, quod per illam urbem aqua per canales et rivos deduceretur in totam Philistaeam, ad eam irrigandam et fecundandam; canali enim aquam ducimus quo volumus, ceu freno equum. Unde et Chaldaeus vertit, instauratio, vel, dispositio et commoditas rivi. Tertio, R. Eliezer in Midrash proprie accipit frenum, scilicet Isaac Patriarchae: Isaac enim, inquit, feriens juransque pactum cum Abimelech rege Palaestinorum de non invadenda Philistaea, Genes. XXVI, 28, "incidit cubitum unum freni," sive "chami," id est, capistri asini super quo equitabat, et dedit illis ut esset in manu illorum signum pacti juramenti. Caeterum cum rex David vellet ingredi terram Philistiim, non poterat propter vim pacti juramenti Isaac. Sed cum ab illis capistrum hoc abstulit (quia scriptum est, "et tulit David frenum," vel, "chamum cubiti,") tunc accepit terram Philistinorum. Verum nemo non videt hanc fabellam esse et cerebri Rabbinici commentum. Quarto et genuine, "frenum tributi" vocatur urbs Geth, quae erat in confinio Judaeae et Philistaeae, ideoque per eam Philisthaei frenabant Judaeam: David vero illam occupans per eam frenavit Philistaeam. Abstulit ergo hoc frenum a Philisthaeis, eodemque frenavit Philisthaeos, imponens illi militare praesidium, quod ipsos sub jugo et tributo contineret. Id ita esse liquet ex eo quod sic hic locus explicatur I Paral. XVIII, 1, ubi dicitur: "Factum est autem post haec ut percuteret David Philistiim, et humiliaret eos, et tolleret Geth, et filias ejus (oppida subjecta) de manu Philistiim." Ita S. Hieronymus in Tradit., Sanchez, Serarius et alii. Geth ergo a Davide et Hebraeis vocata est metegamma, id est, frenum tributi, nomine non proprio, sed appropriato, quia ipsa fuit frenum Philistinorum, cogens illos ad pendendum Davidi tributum.
8:2
2. Et percussit Moab, scilicet Moabitas, qui Judaeae erant ad orientem, sicut Philisthaei ad occidentem, Syri vers. 4 et 5, ad septentrionem, Idumaei vers. 14, ad meridiem. Per omnes ergo mundi plagas, vicinas gentes subjugando David victricia arma circumtulit. Ubi nota Davidem hisce omnibus praeliis interfuisse, imo praefuisse, ideoque feliciter ea confecisse. Multum enim ad celerem dubiorum occurrentium resolutionem, ad facilem rerum decretarum executionem, ad milites animandos, et ad difficultates omnes superandas facit ipsa praesentia et praestantia principis; nam, ut ait Virgilius, "urget praesentia Turni." Sane Carolus Quintus tot victoriis fuit illustris, quia ipse praeliis paene omnibus interfuit et praefuit. Et mensus est eos funiculo coaequans terrae. Primo, Theodoretus, Quaest. XXIII, ad litteram verba, ut sonant, accipit. "Tanta, inquit, erat vis victoriae, et tanta erat multitudo eorum qui capti erant vivi, ut eos numerare non permitteret. Quare jussit eos pronos dejici in terram divisos trifariam, et duas quidem partes occidit, unam vero vivam reservavit." Secundo, Lyranus et Cajetanus haec accipiunt de turribus et arcibus Moabitarum, quas David plane dejecit, itaque prostravit, ut eas plane terrae coaequaret. Tertio, alii accipiunt de agris, q. d. David agros, pagos omniaque loca Moab quasi victor occupavit, et ad libitum suis distribuit. Quarto et genuine, q. d. David plane Moabitas subegit, humiliavit et prostravit, ita ut ipsi ab eo viderentur dejecti in terram, terraeque coaequati, adeo ut ipse eos in terra quasi stratos funiculo dimetiri, distribuere, occidere, vel vivificare posset, ut sequitur. Ita Beda, Serarius, Sanchez et alii. Est metalepsis et metaphora petita ab agricolis, et mensoribus sive geometris, qui terram aequam funiculo demetiuntur, ut tot jugera sementi, tot pascuis, tot vineis, etc., destinent, idque ad libitum; terra enim nulli resistit, et cum sit aequa, facile se mensurari distribuique patitur. Simili enim modo Davidi, quasi victori, omnes Moabitae subjecti fuere, ut de eis facere posset, quod liberet: unde ipse eos quasi funiculis dimensus est, hoc est, eos in duas sortes distribuit, una sors fuit eorum, quos morti addixit, altera eorum quos in vita servavit. Hinc sequitur: Mensus autem est duos funiculos, unum ad occidendum, et unum ad vivificandum. "Mensus est," id est, mensuram adhibuit duorum funiculorum, sive mensus est Moabitas duobus funiculis: unus fuit funiculus mortis, ut eo quasi mensi, hoc est a Davide designati et damnati, occiderentur; alter vero funiculus fuit vitae, ut eo mensi, id est, a Davide designati, vivificarentur, id est, in vita servarentur. Est catachresis vel metalepsis: per "duos funiculos" enim intelligit duas sortes Moabitarum, unam occidendorum, alteram servandorum in vita; fecit, inquam, pro libito suo quasi victor, sed cum mensura justitiae et aequitatis, quae principem victorem decet, ut scilicet magis noxios sibique resistentes occideret; minus vero noxios, et sese subdentes, in vita servaret. Ita Cajetanus. Funiculus enim significat haereditatem et sortem, quia haec olim non virgis et perticis, uti nunc fit, sed funibus mensurabatur et dividebatur, illisque mensores cuique haeredi suam sortem et portionem admetiebantur.
8:3
3. Et percussit David Adarezer filium Rohob, regem Soba, additur I Paral. XVIII, 3, "regionis Hemath," id est Syriae. "Soba" sive "Suba" et "Subal" est pars Syriae, quae inter Libanum et Antilibanum ac Hermon interjacet, et Graece Coelesyria, id est cava Syria dicitur. Verum "Soba" non est tota Coelesyria, sed pars ejus duntaxat. "Soba" ergo erat trans Jordanem, confinis dimidiae tribui Manasse, pergendo ad Euphratem fluvium. Quando profectus est ut dominaretur super flumen Euphratem. Hinc patet "Soba" fuisse mediam inter Jordanem et Euphratem, ideoque comprehensam fuisse inter limites terrae promissae Judaeis a Deo assignatae; hujus enim limites erant mare Mediterraneum ad Occidentem, et Euphrates ad Orientem. Quare quidquid inter mare hoc et Euphratem interjacebat, jure divino ad Judaeos pertinebat. Haec ergo justa belli causa fuit Davidi invadendi "Soba," tanquam ad se et Judaeos pertinentem.
8:4
4. Et captis (a Davide) ex parte ejus mille septingentis equitibus. Tot fuere primarii et praecipui equites; nam alioqui universim a Davide captae fuere mille quadrigae, et septem millia equitum, ut dicitur I Paralip. XVIII, 4. Ita Abulensis. Aut certe cum Serario per equites intellige equitum decurias; multiplica enim septingentas decurias equitum per decem, habebis septem millia. Subnervavit omnes jugales curruum, hoc est, ut explicatur I Paral. cap. XVIII, 4: "Subnervavit omnes equos curruum, exceptis centum quadrigis, quas reservavit sibi." Porro subnervare, est nervos vel suffragines equorum incidere ut progredi nequeant, et inutiles fiant tam ad bellandum, quam ad currus trahendum, quod alii suppernare vocant. Idem fecit Josue cap. XI.
8:5
5. Venit quoque Syria Damasci, id est, venerunt Syri qui Damascum inhabitabant, quorum rex erat Adad, ait Josephus. 9. Audivit autem Thou (a Josepho vocatur "Thonus") rex Emath. "Emath" dicta est a conditore Amatho, Genes. X. Eratque duplex, scilicet major, quae est Antiochia, et minor, quae est Epiphania. Ita Josephus, S. Hieronymus in Locis, Procopius et alii.
8:10
10. Et misit Thou Joram filium suum (qui I Paral. XVIII, 10, vocatur "Adoram"), et in manu ejus erant vasa aurea, q. d. Joram ferebat secum vasa aurea, ut ea quasi munera offerret Davidi; quae David destinavit templo a Salomone aedificando. 13. Fecit quoque David sibi nomen, id est, arcum triumphalem erexit, ait Abulensis et Auctor Tradit. apud S. Hieronymum. Aut, ut Serarius, Sanchez et alii, q. d. David hac victoria magnum sibi nomen et famam comparavit apud omnes gentes. In valle Salinarum. Audi Adrichomium in tribu Juda, num. 211: "Vallis Salinarum, seu Salis, hebraice Gemela, alias Mela dicta, in qua David percussit octodecim millia Idumaeorum, et rediens erexit sibi fornicem triumphalem. Ibidem et Joab duodecim millia delevit, et Amasias decem et viginti Idumaeorum millia, atque alia decem millia praecipitavit de rupe et petra Jectehel."
8:14
14. Facta est universa Idumaea serviens David. Hic impletum est oraculum et benedictio Isaaci dicta Jacobo, Gen. XXVII, 29: "Esto dominus fratrum tuorum, et incurventur ante te filii matris tuae." Idumaei enim, ex Esau fratre Jacobi prognati hic, servierunt Davidi ex Jacob descendenti. Ita Procopius et Theodoretus. Unde tunc David composuit Psal. LIX, ubi inter caetera ait: "In Idumaeam extendam calceamentum meum," id est Idumaeam quasi victor possidebo, subjiciam et calcabo. Tropologice, David, id est Christus, regnat in Idumaea, id est rubeis et carnalibus gentium cordibus, dum per gratiam ea efficit spiritualia et coelestia. Ita S. Augustinus, S. Hieronymus et alii in Psalm. LIX.
8:16
16. Josaphat filius Ahilud erat a commentariis, id est res gestas Davidis quotidie per diaria scribebat, erat commentator, vel commemorator factorum memorabilium Davidis; hoc enim significat Hebraeum משכיר maskir. 17. Et Sadoc filius Achitob, et Achimelech filius Abiathar, erant sacerdotes, scilicet summi, id est pontifices. Erant ergo tunc ex dispensatione vel conniventia Dei, simul duo Israelis pontifices, scilicet Sadoc et Abiathar. 18. Banaias autem filius Joiadae, super Cerethi et Phelethi. Erant hi fortissimi, fidissimi et praetoriani milites Davidis. Cerethi Hebraice idem est quod excindentes; Phelethi, idem quod liberantes. Josephus eos vocat σωματοφύλακες, id est corporis regii custodes. Filii autem David sacerdotes erant. "Sacerdotes," id est principes et aulae primarii. Vocantur "primi ad manum regis," id est primi ad latus regis.
8:1
… In una (II Sam. 8, 1-14; I Par. 18, 1-13), A. fu battuto verso Harnat, vicino al Hermon, e David orrò il santuario con gli «scudi d'oro» presi ai suoi ufficiali; furono poi sconfitti gli Aramei di Damasco …
… occupata la forte città di Gerusalemme (Iebus) e unite al suo regno anche le tribù israelitiche, si sente abbastanza forte per rompere la relazione di vassallaggio: vince i F. e li respinge definitivamente nei loro confini originali (II Sam. 5, 17-25; 8, 1; cf. 22, 15-22; 23, 9-17). D'allora in poi i F. non intraprendono più campagne maggiori contro gli Israeliti, ma si tratta piuttosto di contese sui confini (cf. I Reg. 15, 27; 16, …
GETH (EBR. GATH, ACCAD. GIMTU, « PRESSOIO »)
Il Regno di Giuda la rivendicava a sé (I Sam. 7, 14; I Par. 8, 13; II Par. 11, 8; 26, 6). David la conquistò (II Sam. 8, 1; I Par. 18, 1) ed ebbe un corpo scelto di seicento guerrieri gethiti (II Sam. 15, 18). Hazael, re di Siria, occupò G. (II Reg. 12, 18), per i Filistei; Ozia ne abbatté le mura …
… Ha molti tratti ove la descrizione è minutissima (p. es., I Sam. 1; 9-10; 25; II Sam. 9-20), senza però pretendere a forma biografica completa; molti altri tratti invece, di maggior valore storico, politico, sociale, sono redatti in forma schematicissima (p. es., I Sam. 7, 15 sgg.; 14, 47-52; II Sam. 8, 1-18, ecc.). …
8:2
… nella pianura di Gerico e in tutta la regione circostante; sono liberati da Aod o Ehud (Iud. 3, 11-30). Saul combatté contro M. (I Sam. 14, 47). David infine sconfisse e sottomise M., punendone severamente i soldati con una specie di decimazione (II Sam. 8, 2). Mentre era perseguitato, egli aveva condotto a Masphe di M. i suoi genitori, ospiti del Re, per sottrarli alla vendetta di Saul (I Sam. 23, 1-4), che Ruth sua antenata era una …
8:3
… Al tempo, poi, di Saul e David è un regno arameo a ovest di Damasco, nella regione della Celesiria, con il nome di Sôbhâh (I Sam. 14, 47; II Sam. 8, 3 sgg.), contro il cui re David guerreggio e vinse.
… All'inizio del regno israelitico, almeno nominalmente ed in occasioni particolari, sembra sia stato raggiunto tale confine (cf. II Sam. 8, 3; 7 Rep. 4, 24). Sul periodo persiano l'E. segnava il limite della satrapia Abur Nahara (ebraico 'ebher han-ndâd' « al di là del fiume »; cf. Eud. 8, 36; Neh. 2, 7, 9), che comprendeva …
da David (II Sam. 8, 3-6; 10, 15-19). R. radunò
SOBA (EBR. ṢĀBHĀH, ṢĀBHĀ', SETTANTA ΣΟΦΆ,-ἈΛ)
Ebbero a difendersi contro il Regno di S., per lo più perché impegnato in piccole coalizioni antisraelitiche, Saul (I Sam. 14, 47), David (II Sam. 8, 3; 10, 6 sgg.) e Salomone, che lo sottomise (II Par. 8, 3; cf. I Reg. 11, 23-25). Dopo l'età di Salomone non viene più menzionato: probabilmente fu assorbito da Damasco e ne seguì le …
8:5
Il nome A. designò anche, in tempi posteriori, alcuni territori al di qua dell'Eufrate: A. di Damasco (II Sam. 8, 5), A. Soba (ibid. 10, 6) a nord-ovest di Damasco, A. Beth Rohob (ibid.) all'inizio della depressione a nord del Giordano, A. Maacha (I Par. 19, 6, 7) a nord del lago di Hule.
… David sottomise l'Aram (v.) di D.; però sotto il regno di Salomone D., per opera di Razon, ridiventò indipendente (II Sam. 8, 5-9; I Reg. 11, 23-26). Asa, re di Giuda, chiese e ottenne di stringere alleanza contro Bassa (v.), re d'Israele, con Benadad, figlio di Tabremon, figlio di Hezion (nei Settanta: Εὐρῶμ), …
II. LA S. NELLA BIBBIA. - Sia in greco sia in latino, il nome venne usato talvolta a tradurre Aram (v.), in generale e con le determinazioni « di Damasco, di Soba », ecc.: Σορία Δαμασκού: II Sam. 8, 5; Σ. Σουβά: II Sam. 10, 8; Σ. Μοογά: I Par. 19, 6, ecc.; Syria: Os. 12, 12 (ebr. 13); Mesopotamia Syriae: Deut. 23, 5 (Aram Nahārajim); ecc.
8:9
Thou, il suo re, si congratulò con David per la vittoria contro Adarezer, loro comune nemico (II Sam. 8, 9-11). Sembra che al tempo di Salomone fosse tributaria degli Israeliti, ma alla morte del re e alla svisione del Regno riscquistò l'indipendenza, per ritornar di nuovo ai re di Israele …
8:13
… l'unione degli uomini fomentava la superba rivolta a Dio. Gli abitanti di Sennaar (Babilonide) stabilirono di fabbricare, in mattoni e asfalto, una città dominata da una torre « la cui cima raggiunga il cielo; ci faremo così un monumento (šēm, come in II Sam. 8, 13) e rimarremo uniti ». Le tribù volevano costruire una torre di un tempio « altissima » (ciò significa « fino al cielo » in sumero e in accadico), per simboleggiare l'unità del loro regno pagano. …
8:14
20, 14 sgg.; Iude. 5, 4; 11, 17 sg.; II Sam. 8, 14; I Reg. 9, 26; 11, 14 sgg.; II Reg. 3, 8 sg.; 8, 20-22, ecc.). …
8:16
… Istituzioni politiche (uffici di corte: II Sam. 8, 16 sgg.; 20, 23 sgg.) e militari (i « trenta »: II Sam. 23, 13-29) sono di derivazione egiziana.
8:17
1. Segretario (letteralmente « scrivano ») alla corte di David (II Sam. 8, 17).
SCRIBA (EBR. SÔPHÊR, PLUR. SÔPHÊRÎM, GR. ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΕΌΣ)
SCRIBA (ebr. sôphêr, plur. sôphêrîm, gr. γραμματεός). - I. Nel senso di « scrivano, amanuense, segretario » vi furono « s. » in Israele fino dall'età di David e per tutta l'età regia (II Sam. 8, 17; ecc.); vi fu di questo nome anche un funzionario militare (II Reg. 25, 79; Ier. 52, 25). Ma « s. » per eccellenza nella Bibbia sono i membri di una delle classi dirigenti del …
8:18
… Davide gli affidò il comando dei Kerethei e dei Pelethei (II Sam. 8, 18). Alla morte di Davide cooperò all'esaltazione di Salomone (I Reg. 1, 38), che l'elesse capo dell'esercito in luogo di Ioab (I Reg. 2, 34-35). Fu lo strumento di diverse esecuzioni …
… Anche nel Vecchio Testamento i F. vengono associati ai Kéréthim (Cretesi); cf. Soph. 2, 5; Ev. 25, 16; e probabilmente anche la formula Kéréthi e Pélethi (II Sam. 8, 18; 15, 18; 20, 7, 23), nella quale Pélethi sembra essere il nome dei F. (Pélethi), assimilato al precedente Kéréthi. …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.