A
2,780 articles · 321 under Ar · English index · Indice italiano-
Armellini, Mariano
Archaeologist, born in Rome on 17 February 1852, died on 24 February 1896. His love for Christian archaeology came from the lectures he heard at the Collegio… -
Armellini, Mariano
Benedictine of the Cassinese congregation, b. at Ancona on 10 Dec. 1662, d. at Foligno on 4 May 1737. A monk in the monastery of S. Paolo in Rome, he was later… -
Armel, Nicolas, called La Bonne Armelle (ARMELLE NICOLAS, DETTA LA BONNE ARMELLE)
French mystic, b. at Campénéac (Brittany) on 9 Sept. 1606, d. as a domestic servant at the château of Roguédas (Arradon, near Vannes) on 24 Oct. 1671. An… -
Armendáriz, Julián
Spanish poet and playwright, b. perhaps in 1585 in Salamanca, where he studied arts, and d. in 1614. In honor of the patron saint of his native city, Juan de… -
Armengol, Pedro, Blessed (ARMENGOL, PEDRO, BEATO)
B. probably in 1238 in the village of Guardia del Prats, in the province of Tarragona, into the family of the counts of Urgel. After a dissolute youth - his… -
Armenia
Historical region of western Asia, comprised between the Pontic-Transcaspian depressions to the N. (valley of the Kura) and the Mesopotamian to the S. (upper… -
Armenia Minor (ARMENIA MINORE)
ARMENIA MINORE: v. IRÄQ. -
Armenian Antonians (ANTONIANI ARMENI)
A monastic institute, now extinct, begun in the 18th century by the four Muradian brothers, during the persecution by the Armenian patriarchs of Constantinople… -
Armenian, Pontifical College (ARMENO, PONTIFICIO COLLEGIO)
ARMENO, PONTIFICIO COLLEGIO: v. COLLEGI ORIENTALI. -
Armenia, Soviet Republic of (ARMENA, REPUBBLICA SOVIETICA)
The smallest (29,900 sq. km.) of the sixteen federated Republics constituting the U.S.S.R., among which it was admitted in 1936, after having been (since 1922)… -
Armenopolis [Gherla] (ARMENOPOLI)
An Armenian city in Transylvania, founded in 1700 by Armenians who had emigrated from Ani as early as the 13th century. The plan of the city was drawn up by… -
Armentía, Nicolás
Friar Minor, missionary, explorer and bishop in Bolivia, b. in Bermedo (Spain) on 6 Dec. 1845, d. at La Paz on 24 Dec. 1919. He completed his humanistic… -
Armidale, Diocese of (ARMIDALE, DIOCESI DI)
In southern Australia, erected on 28 Nov. 1862, by the splitting off of the archdiocese of Sydney. The area of the territory is 72,400 sq. km. and the total… -
Armilustrium (ARMILUSTRIO (ARMILUSTRIUM))
A festival of the oldest Roman calendar, which fell on 19 Oct. The name defines it as a festival of purification of arms; the guild of the Salii took part in… -
Arminius and Arminianism (ARMINIO E ARMINIANESIMO)
A. is the author of the anti-Calvinist Protestant movement that took its name from him. 1. LIFE AND DOCTRINE OF ARMINIUS AND ARMINIANISM. - Jacobus A.… -
Armistice (ARMISTIZIO)
An armistice is the mutual agreement of belligerents, whose effect is the suspension of hostilities, total or partial, for a determined or undetermined time.… -
Armorica
ARMORICA: V. BRETAGNA. -
Arms, Prohibition of (ARMI, DIVIETO DI)
The CIC (can. 138), reproducing a norm that, with few substantial variations, has been in force in the Church since the earliest centuries, forbids clerics to… -
Arnaldi, Giovanni Battista (ARNALDI, GIOVAN BATTISTA)
Born at Castellaro, in the diocese of Ventimiglia, on 8 Jan. 1806, died at Spoleto on 28 Feb. 1867. In 1829 A. dedicated a Conclusione to Pius VIII. Gregory… -
Arnaldists (ARNALDISTI)
ARNALDISTI: V. ARNALDO DA BRESCIA. -
Arnaldo (Arnoldo, Renaldo) da Foligno
Franciscan. He was wrongly said to be from Corbie. Against the opinion of Sbaralea (I, 103), it seems certain that Friar A. was from Foligno and not French; he… -
Arnaldo of Chartres (ARNALDO DI CHARTRES)
ARNALDO di CHARTRES: v. ARNALDO di BONNEVAL. -
Arnaldo of Tongern (ARNALDO DI TONGERN)
Augustinian canon regular, b. at Tongern no one knows when, d. at Leiden in 1540. Dean of the faculty of arts of Cologne and professor of theology and canon… -
Arn, Archbishop of Salzburg (ARNONE ARCIVESCOVO DI SALISBURGO)
Born around 746 in Bavaria, died at Salzburg on 24 January 821. After completing his studies at Freising and being ordained a priest, in 776 he became a… -
Arnauld, Family (ARNAULD, FAMIGLIA)
Three names that focus Jansenist spirituality in its theological, ascetic and mystical aspects belong to this family, originally from Provence and transplanted… -
Arnaut Daniel (Arnautz Daniel) (ARNALDO DANIELLO (ARNAUTZ DANIEL))
Provençal troubadour of the second half of the 12th century. From a short contemporary biography in the Provençal language, and from his eighteen poetic… -
Arnaya, Nicolás de
Ascetical writer, b. at Segovia in 1558, a Jesuit from 1571, missionary and several times superior in Mexico, d. at Mexico in 1623. He compiled a Compendio de… -
Arndt, Ernst Moritz
German writer, b. on the island of Rügen in 1769, d. in 1860. A fanatical love for the fatherland and for freedom, both threatened by Napoleon, and a firm… -
Arndt, Johann
German Lutheran theologian and mystic, b. at Edderitz (Anhalt) on 27 Dec. 1555, d. at Celle (Hanover) on 11 May 1621. He is known as one of the most profound… -
Arnest of Pardubice (ARNOST DA PARDURICE)
Archbishop of Prague, b. at Hosty in 1297, d. at Prague in 1364. He studied at Bologna and Padua and until 1342 served at the papal court of Avignon; the… -
Arnim, Harry Karl Kurt Eduard, Count of (ARNIM, HARRY KARL KURT EDUARD, CONTE DI)
Prussian diplomat, b. at Moitzelfitz (Pomerania) on 3 Oct. 1824, d. at Nice on 19 May 1881. From 1853 to 1855 he was secretary of legation in Rome, then until… -
Arnim, Ludwig Achim von
German writer b. in Berlin on 26 January 1781, d. at Wiepersdorf on 21 January 1831. He was one of the most prominent figures of the Heidelberg Romantic group… -
Arnobius of Sicca, Known as the Elder (ARNOBIO DI SICCA, DETTO IL VECCHIO)
Christian writer and apologist, who lived at Sicca Veneria (today el-Zef) in Proconsular Africa at the beginning of the 4th century, d. around 327. According… -
Arnobius the Younger (ARNOBIO IL GIOVANE)
Christian writer, probably a monk, who lived in Rome around the middle of the 5th century; perhaps a native of Gaul. The scanty and uncertain data we have… -
Arnold, Abbot of Lübeck (ARNOLDO, ABATE DI LUBECCA)
German chronicler, who lived in the 12th century and was still alive in 1212. After spending some time at Brunswick, he became, in 1177, abbot of the… -
Arnold, Archbishop of Cologne (ARNOLDO, ARCIVESCOVO DI COLONIA)
Of the family of the counts of Wied; d. 11 May 1156. He was first provost of the cathedral of Cologne, then chancellor of the Emperor Conrad III. On 8 Jan.… -
Arnold (Arnoldo, Ernald), Abbot of Bonneval (ARNALDO (ARNOLDO, ERNALDO), ABATE DI BONNEVAL)
Friend and biographer of St. Bernard. His life is little known. He was a monk at Marmoutier when, after 1138, he was elected abbot of the Benedictine monastery… -
Arnold, Gottfried
Protestant theologian, b. at Annaberg (Saxony) on 5 Sept. 1666, d. at Perleberg on 30 May 1714. He did his university studies at Wittenberg, was a friend of… -
Arnoldi, Alberto
Known as Alberto Fiorentino, sculptor, son of a Lombard stonecutter: he is remembered in a novella by Sacchetti. In 1351 he was working under the direction of… -
Arnoldi, Bartolomeo
Catholic theologian and philosopher, b. at Ussingen (Nassau) in 1465, d. at Würzburg in Sept. 1532. In 1484 he attended the University of Erfurt; in 1491 he… -
Arnoldi, Giovanni
Jesuit, b. at Warburg (Westphalia) on 24 June 1596, d. a martyr at Verden on 4 Nov. 1631. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1617; ordained a priest, he worked… -
Arnoldi, Heinrich
Carthusian ascetical writer. Born in 1407 at Alfeld (whence the appellation de Allevaldia) in Saxony, he pursued brilliant studies in Rome and entered the… -
Arnoldo, Bishop of Maguelone (ARNOLDO, VESCOVO DELL'ISOLA MAGUELONE)
He held the episcopal see from 1029 until his death, which occurred in 1059. An engineer and architect, he was a precursor of Gregory VII for his efforts to… -
Arnold of Brescia (ARNALDO DA BRESCIA)
Born at the end of the 11th century or at the beginning of the next in Brescia, he set out on an ecclesiastical career, but it is doubtful whether he went… -
Arnold of Villanova (ARNALDO DA VILLANOVA)
Lay physician and theologian, prolific Catalan writer, b. around the middle of the 13th century, in the diocese of Valencia, d. at Genoa on 6 September 1311.… -
Arnoldo of Bohéries (ARNOLDO DI BOHÉRIES)
Cistercian monk of Bohéries (diocese of Laon, today Soissons), who probably lived at the end of the 12th century. He became famous only when B. Tissier, the… -
Arnoldo of Cologne (ARNOLDO DA COLONIA)
Missionary; in 1303 he went to Khambaliq (Beijing) to assist Giovanni da Monte Corvino. Under his name a Compendiosa relatio ex imperio tartarorum was… -
Arnoldo of Saint Peter and Paul (ARNOLDO DI SAN PIETRO E PAOLO)
In the world Tilman Coix, a Flemish Discalced Carmelite, belonging to the province of Lombardy, b. at Roermond (Holland) on 6 Dec. 1661, d. at Parma on 5 Feb.… -
Arnold, Thomas
English theologian, historian, politician and educator, b. at West Cowes (Isle of Wight), 13 June 1795, d. at Fox How (Westsnorchend) 12 June 1842. He… -
Arnoldus
ARNOLDUS: v. AERNOULDT, PIERRE. FINE DEL PRIMO VOLUME -
Arnolfine, Lands (ARNOLFINE, TERRE)
ARNOLFINE, TERRE (Arnolfine Lands).- A group of castles in southern Umbria, between Terni, Spoleto, Amelia and Narni, whose administrative unity, in memory of… -
Arnolfo, Archbishop of Milan (ARNOLFO, ARCIVESCOVO DI MILANO)
Elected on 6 Dec. 1093 by popular vote, he was confirmed in the dignity by Conrad, recognized at that time as king of Italy. Deposed by the papal legate, he… -
Arnolfo, Bishop of Lisieux (ARNOLFO, VESCOVO DI LISIEUX)
Born probably toward the end of the 11th century or the beginning of the 12th, died at Lisieux in 1184. He spent his youth at Séez, where he received a good… -
Arnolfo, Bishop of Orléans (ARNOLFO, VESCOVO DI ORLÉANS)
Benedictine, bishop of Orléans in the 10th century, died before 1003. Of noble and generous character, he was praised by his contemporaries for his learning.… -
Arnolfo, Bishop of Soissons (ARNOLFO, VESCOVO DI SOISSONS)
A native of Brabant, he died at Altenburg on the eve of the Assumption in 1087. First a soldier, then a monk at St. Medard of Soissons, in 1081 he became… -
Arnolfo di Cambio
Sculptor and architect, b. at Colle Val d'Elsa around 1240-45, d. at Florence on 18 March 1302. He is remembered as an assistant of Nicola Pisano in the… -
Arnolfo, Saint (ARNOLFO, SANTO)
Bishop of Metz, b. probably at Lay-Saint-Christophe near Nancy, ca. 582, d. at Habend (Remiremont) in 640 or 41. Of > (phot. Alinari) > ARNOLFO di CAMBIO -… -
Arnon
Eastern tributary (today Wädi el-Mö-gib) of the Dead Sea, the largest after the Jordan. It is formed by the confluence of the Seil es-Sufçi with the Wädi… -
Arnono of Reichersberg (ARNONE DI REICHERSBERG)
Provost, d. 30 January 1175. He perfected his theological studies under the direction of his brother Gerhob, whom he succeeded, on 29 June 1169, as provost of… -
Arnoux, Jean
Jesuit, b. at Riom in 1575, d. at Toulouse on 14 May 1636. Having entered the Society of Jesus in 1592, he became a skilled controversialist against the… -
Arnpeck, Veit
German priest and historian, b. ca. 1440, probably at Freising (Bavaria), and d. probably in 1495. He studied at the University of Vienna; as a priest and… -
Arnulf, King of Germany (ARNOLFO, RE DI GERMANIA)
Natural son of Carloman, he was elected duke of Carinthia in 887, and the following year, having been at the head of the rebellion that deposed Charles the… -
Aroer
Three biblical localities. 1. A city on the southern border of the Amorite kingdom of Sihon, from which it was taken by the Israelites (Deut. 2:36; Josh.… -
Aron (Aaron), Pietro
Musician, b. in Florence toward the end of the 15th century (1490?), d. in Venice in 1545. A lucid theorist in his treatises, he belongs to the number of those… -
Arosio, Luigi
Priest, b. in Milan on 16 Nov. 1822; d. there on 2 July 1901. He spent his whole life in the care of souls in his native city, first as curate at St. Babila… -
Arpe, Giacomo
Augustinian, b. at Levanto ca. 1660, d. in 1729. He entered the Order at Genoa in 1675. As soon as he had completed his studies, he was entrusted with the… -
Arphaxad (ARFAXAD (ARPHAXAD))
Two biblical figures. 1. A. (Heb. 'Arpahšad), son of Shem, born 2 years after the flood (Gen. 10:22; 11:10), grandfather or great-grandfather of Heber (v.).… -
Arpi
City, seat of an ancient bishopric, in Apulia (the Argyripa of Virgil, Aen., XI, 246) in the center of the plain south of the Gargano, 20 miles from the sea… -
Arpocrates (ARPOCRATE)
One of the numerous forms under which the Egyptian god Horus was worshipped, and specifically Horus the child: A. is in fact the Hellenized form of the… -
Arques y Jover, Agustín de
Spanish Mercedarian historian, b. at Cocenteina (Alicante) on 30 Apr. 1734, d. at Valencia on 14 June 1808. He entered the Mercedarian convent of Elche in… -
Arraes (Arrais, Arraiz) de Mendoza, Amador
Portuguese Carmelite writer, b. of a noble family at Beja in 1530, d. at Coimbra on 1 August 1600. Having entered the Carmel of Lisbon on 24 January 1545… -
Arras, Blessed Martyrs of (ARRAS, MARTIRI DI, BEATE)
This is the name given to the four "Daughters of Charity" of the religious house of Arras: Marie-Madeleine Fontaine, superior, Marie-Françoise Lanel… -
Arras, Diocese of (ARRAS, DIOCESI DI)
This bishopric of northern France, a suffragan of Cambrai, is bounded by the English Channel to the north, and by the dioceses of Cambrai, Lille and Amiens… -
Arregui, Antonio María
Spanish Jesuit, renowned moralist, b. in Pamplona on 17 Jan. 1863, d. in Barcelona on 10 Dec. 1942. After the usual studies, he deepened his knowledge of canon… -
Arresti, Giulio Cesare
Musician, b. in Bologna in 1630, d. there in 1695. Choirmaster at S. Salvatore in 1668 and in 1685 organist at S. Petronio, he was several times (1671, 1686… -
Arrhae Sponsalitiae
ARRHAE SPONSALITIAE: v. MATRIMONIO; SPONSALI. -
Arrhenius, Svante August (ARRHENIUS, SVANTE AUGUSTO)
Born at Wijk near Uppsala (Sweden) in 1859, died at Stockholm in 1927. In 1883 he set out the hypothesis that now bears his name in the thesis Researches on… -
Arriaga, Pablo-José
Spanish Jesuit, b. in 1564 at Ocaña (or at Vergara?), d. in 1622. Having entered the order in 1579 and having departed in 1585 for Peru, he was rector of the… -
Arriaga, Rodrigo
Spanish Jesuit, renowned philosopher and theologian, b. at Logroño on 17 January 1592, d. at Prague on 7 June 1667. After his studies at Valladolid, where he… -
Arricciato
ARRICCIATO: V. AFFRESCO. -
Arrighetti, Giulio
Born at S. Piero a Sieve in 1622, died at Florence in 1705. An uncle of his on his mother's side, Sbaccheri Iacopo, secretary of Cardinal Giulio Cesare… -
Arrigo Fiammingo (Heinrich van der Broek)
Painter, b. at Mechelen in 1530, d. at Rome in 1597. He lived for forty years in Italy, especially in Umbria, but also in Florence and Rome, inserting himself… -
Arrigoni, Giulio
Archbishop, b. in Bergamo on 22 Sept. 1806, d. in Lucca on 9 Jan. 1875. After completing his early studies in the diocesan seminary, in 1821 he entered the… -
Arrivabene, Giovanni
Patriot and economist, b. of a noble family in Mantua on 24 June 1787, d. there on 11 Jan. 1881. A student of economic and agrarian problems, opposed to… -
Arsaces II (Arsace) (ARSAK II (ARSACE))
King of Armenia (350-67), he lived in the most critical times, when the predominance over Asia Minor was disputed between the Persians and the Romans, whose… -
Arsacius, Saint (ARSACIO, SANTO)
Confessor, died ca. 358 at Nicomedia. According to what Sozomen relates (Hist. eccl., IV, 16), he was Persian by birth, confessed the faith under Licinius, and… -
Ars Antiqua
This is the name given, in contrast to the Ars nova (v.) of the 14th century, to the sacred composition of the first era of polyphony (9th-13th centuries)… -
Ars Dictandi
The art of composing letters and documents, known since antiquity, was particularly taught in theoretical-practical treatises that flourished in large numbers… -
Arsenius (ARSENIO)
Bishop of Orte, who lived in Rome in the 9th century, died at Benevento. Before entering the clergy he married and had two sons, who were Anastasius the… -
Arsenius Autoreianus (ARSENIO AUTOREIANO)
Born in Constantinople in the early 13th century, he changed his name from George to A. when he entered the monastery of Oxia, near Nicaea, where he was… -
Arsenius, Bishop of Ypseli (ARSENIO VESCOVO DI YPSELÈ)
In the 4th century he was bishop of this city in Egypt, on the western bank of the Nile, near Lycopolis; and he is known only for the part he allowed himself… -
Arsenius the Great (Ἀρσένιος ὁ Μέγας), Saint (ARSENIO, DETTO IL GRANDE (ἈΡΣΈΝΙΟΣ Ὁ ΜΈΓΑΣ), SANTO)
One of the most famous "desert fathers." Born in Rome of a senatorial family around 354. He was probably ordained deacon by St. Damasus (cf. Zonaras, Annal.… -
Ars Moriendi
An ascetical booklet in Latin, very widely circulated in the early days of printing (15th century), with exhortations and prayers, and with illustrations… -
Ars Nova
This was the name given to the current of renewal in sacred composition that animated polyphonic music from the early years of the 14th century to the early… -
Art (ARTE)
I. HISTORY OF THE WORD. - The term has not, and never has had, strictly speaking, a univocal meaning; so much so that it can be understood in a broader sense… -
Artapanus (ARTAPANO)
Storico giudeo, vissuto in Egitto prima dell'era cristiana. His work Περί Ἰουδαίων was used by Flavius Josephus and was cited by Eusebius (Praepar. evang., 9… -
Artashat (ARTAŠAT)
Ancient city of Armenia, which was also a capital under the Ardašessian dynasty, in the province of Ararat on the Aras. In 177 A.D. Corbulo, after seizing it… -
Artaxerxes (ARTASERSE)
Greek form of the name ('Αρταξέρξης'; Heb. 'Artaḥšatā'; Assyrian Artaḥsatsu; from the Persian Artaḥšatā "the great commander") of three Achaemenid kings. 1) A.… -
Art Collections (RACCOLTE D'ARTE)
RACCOLTE D'ARTE : V. MUSEO E MUSEOLOGIA. -
Art Criticism (CRITICA D'ARTE)
One engages in art c. [criticism] whenever one defines, characterizes, or evaluates a work as a work of art. It is clear, once the intrinsic identity of the… -
Arteaga, Esteban de
Born at Turolio in Aragon in 1747, died in Paris on 3 October 1799. A Jesuit, expelled under the reign of Charles III, he found hospitality in Italy, as did… -
Artegiani, Angelo Guglielmo
Augustinian, born at Rocca Contrada (Arcevia) on 27 November 1683, died at > (phot. Pont. comm. arch. sacra) > ANCIENT CHRISTIAN ART - Multiplication of the… -
Artemas (ARTEMA)
Disciple and collaborator of St. Paul, who in 64 or 65 hypothetically assigned him to Crete to replace Titus, who had been invited to join the Apostle at… -
Artemis (Ἀρτεμις) (ARTEMIDE ('ΑΡΤΕΜΙΣ))
A Greek goddess who had a very widespread cult, as is also shown by the quite frequent use of the month name Artemisios, which was sacred to her in the various… -
Artemius (ARTEMIO)
Ancient commander of Egypt under the emperor Constantius, ordered beheaded by Julian the Apostate in June 362. A violent Arian, in agreement with the intruded… -
Artemyev, Pyotr (ARTÉMIEV, PIOTR)
Russian deacon, b. around 1665 at Surdal, d. a martyr of the Catholic faith in the prison of the Solovetsky Monastery, near Arkhangelsk, on 30 March (old… -
Artificial Fecundation (FECONDAZIONE ARTIFICIALE)
By this expression is commonly meant the introduction of male seed into the female internal organs in ways and by means other than those provided by nature. I.… -
Artistic Forgeries (FALSIFICAZIONI ARTISTICHE)
When the Romans, having conquered Greece, became enthusiastic about its civilization and sought to procure its most refined products, forgeries began. Thus… -
Artophorion (Ἀρτοφόριον) (ARTOFORIO (ἈΡΤΟΦΌΡΙΟΝ))
In the Eastern Church it denotes the receptacle of the Most Holy Eucharist, which is for the most part kept in a tabernacle in the form of a small church… -
Artotyrites (ARTOTIRITI)
An ancient Eastern sect, so called because its adherents used bread (ἄρτος) and cheese (τυρός) in the celebration of their mysteries. The few notices we have… -
Art Workshop (BOTTEGA D'ARTE)
The generic term workshop (from the Greek ἀποθήκη, "storeroom, warehouse") denotes a space in which objects of every kind are kept and sold, but it also serves… -
Arundine (ARUNDINE)
A staff adorned with and surmounted by three candles arranged in a triangle, used in the function of Holy Saturday. After the blessing of the fire (v.) at the… -
Arvad (ARADO)
A small Phoenician island (800 by 500 m) with a city of the same name (today Ruvād, with 2500 inhabitants), two and a half km from the coast, about 60 km north… -
Arval Brothers (ARVALI, FRATELLI)
A Roman religious sodality of a collegial type, composed of 12 members, headed by a magister; patrician in recruitment, with members appointed by co-optation… -
Arvide, Martín de
Of the Friars Minor, missionary and martyr in New Mexico: b. at Puerto de S. Sebastian (Spain), he was slain on 27 February 1632. Having taken his vows in the… -
Arvisenet, Claude
French ascetical writer, b. at Langres on 8 September 1755, d. at Gray on 17 February 1831. He studied at the gymnasium of Molsheim (Alsace), then theology in… -
Arya-Samaj (ARYA-SAMÁJ)
Properly "community, society of the Aryas"; one of the numerous religio-social movements of modern India, founded in 1865 by Dayánand Saraswati, a Brahmin of… -
Arycanda (ARICANDA)
Ancient city of Lycia (Arykanda), today a village called Aruf, where the text of a curious petition sent to Maximinus was found, asking for measures of… -
Arzon
The present-day Chaldean diocese of Séert was formerly called A. The Nestorians also called it Mévadré ("the dispersed"), to indicate the scattered tribes that… -
Arzughi (ARZUGI)
A people who inhabited the region of Leptis Magna (Lebda), in Tripolitania. For a long time they resisted every influence of Christianity; even at the end of… -
Growth (ACCRESCIMENTO)
It is the biological problem of the increase in volume of organisms during development. As regards mammals and man, it takes place through characteristic…