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Suanhwa, Diocese of(SÜANHWA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 888 SÜANHWA, DIOCESE of. - In the southern part of the province of Chagar in northern China. It was erected as an apostolic vicariate on 10 May 1926, with 9 civil…
Sub Tuum PraesidiumVol. XI, p. 896 « SUB TUUM PRAESIDIUM ». — It is the oldest prayer to the Most Blessed Virgin known. I. THE ORIGINAL TEXT. — It is preserved on a sheet of papyrus (18 × 9.4…
Subconscious(SUBCOSCIENZA)Vol. XI, p. 891 SUBCONSCIOUSNESS. – A term brought into use in psychology by psychoanalysis (v.) and in theology by modernism (v.) to indicate the psychic sphere that is…
Subdeacon(SUDDIACONO)Vol. XI, p. 904 SUDDIACONO. — It is the first, in ascending order, of the sacred and major Orders. The term s. (Gk. ὑποδιάκονος: subminister) denotes the office of a minister…
SubiacoVol. XI, p. 892 SUBIACO. – A town in the province of Rome and an abbey nullus immediately subject to the Holy See. S. is situated 408 m above sea level in the valley of the…
SubintroductaeVol. XI, p. 894 SUBINTRODUCTAE: V. AGAPETE.
Subject(SOGGETTO)Vol. XI, p. 547 SUBJECT. — The term s. has various meanings. In current usage one speaks of the s. of a proposition, a discussion, a work, or a science, meaning that of which…
Subjectivism(SOGGETTIVISMO)Vol. XI, p. 546 SOGGETTIVISMO. – Opposite to objectivism (v.), the term is properly used in relation to modern philosophy as a tendency toward the overvaluation of that which…
Subleyras, PierreVol. XI, p. 894 SUBLEYRAS, PIERRE. - Painter and engraver, b. at St-Gilles-du-Gard (Languedoc) on 25 Nov. 1699, d. at Rome on 28 May 1749. Having received his first…
Subordinationism(SUBORDINAZIANISMO)Vol. XI, p. 895 SUBORDINATIONISM. — An erroneous theory, or even a Trinitarian heresy, which admits a certain hierarchical subordination of the three persons within the Most…
Subornation(SUBORNAZIONE)Vol. XI, p. 896 SUBORNAZIONE. — This is the offense consisting in inducing, by gifts, promises, or in any other manner, witnesses or experts to give false testimony or a false…
Subsistence(SUSSISTENZA)Vol. XI, p. 965 SUBSISTENCE. — In general, this indicates the consistency and sufficiency of reality that substance (v.) acquires through possession of its essential and real…
Substance(SOSTANZA)Vol. XI, p. 597 SUBSTANCE. — It may indicate either effective and concrete reality, that is, the singular (the “first substance” of Aristotelian terminology), or essence (v.),…
Substitute(SOSTITUTO)Vol. XI, p. 598 SOSTITUTO. – The s. (substitutus, subrogatus, vicarius) is one who takes the place of another. In the offices of the Roman Curia there are officials so…
Suchow, Diocese of(SUCHOW, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 902 SUCHOW, DIOCESI di. – In the northeastern part of Kiangsu Province, in central China. It was established as an apostolic prefecture on 1 July 1931, with 8…
Sucre, Archdiocese of(SUCRE, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 902 SUCRE, ARCHDIOCESE of. — Capital city of the department of Chuquisaca and archdiocese in Bolivia (South America). It has an area of 50,875 sq. km. and 40,000…
Suda (Gr. Σουίδα)(SUIDA (GR. ΣΟΥΈΔΑ))Vol. XI, p. 909 SUIDA (Gr. Σουέδα). — A familiar name, going back to Eustathius in his commentary on Homer (1175), for the supposed compiler of a Lexicon, composed around A.D.…
SudanVol. XI, p. 902 SUDAN. – Region of central Africa whose western part is politically dependent on France (v. A.O.F.) and whose eastern part constitutes the Anglo-Egyptian S.…
Sue, EugèneVol. XI, p. 904 SUE, EUGÈNE. - French writer, born in Paris on 20 Jan. 1804, died at Annecy on 3 Aug. 1857. After several works set in the maritime world, he portrayed, in…
Suetonius(SVETONIO)Vol. XI, p. 969 SVETONIO — Incipit of the Vitae of the Emperors. In the lower frieze, the coat of arms of Federico d'Urbino — Vatican Library, cod. Urb. Ist. 457, f. 1ᵒ (15th…
Suetonius (Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus)(SVETONIO (GAIUS SUETONIUS TRANQUILLUS))Vol. XI, p. 968 SVETONIO (Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus). — Historian, born around 75 A.D.; his birthplace is unknown. Under Trajan he was secretary of the imperial…
SuezVol. XI, p. 905 SUEZ. - The apostolic vicariate of the canal of S. has, since 27 Jan. 1951, been called the apostolic vicariate of Porto Said, after the name of the city where…
Suffering(SOFFERENZA)Vol. XI, p. 537 SOFFERENZA. – A philosophico-moral problem, psychologically difficult, is posed by the fact that suffering accompanies everyone’s life. Christian Revelation…
Sufficient Reason (Principle of)(RAGION SUFFICIENTE (PRINCIPIO DI))Vol. X, p. 296 SUFFICIENT REASON (PRINCIPLE of). — It expresses the “rationality of the real,” insofar as every thing, both in the sphere of being and in that of becoming,…
Suffrages(SUFFRAGI)Vol. XI, p. 905 SUFFRAGI: v. DEFUNTI.
Sufism(SŪFISMO)Vol. XI, p. 905 SŪFISMO. – From the camel-hair woolen cloak (Arab. sūf) worn by the followers of the movement, the “spirituality” of Muslims is called Sufism. The point of…
Suger(SUGERO)Vol. XI, p. 906 SUGERO. — Abbot of the Abbey of St-Denis in Paris, b. at St-Denis or Argenteuil in 1081, d. at St-Denis on 13 January 1151. He entered the priory of St-Denis…
Suggestion(SUGGESTIONE)Vol. XI, p. 907 SUGGESTIONE: v. PSICOTERAPIA.
Suicide(SUICIDIO)Vol. XI, p. 907 SUICIDIO. — In the etymological sense, it denotes the act by which a person, on his own authority, voluntarily brings about his own death. In common usage,…
Suifu, Apostolic Prefecture of(SUIHSIEN, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. XI, p. 910 SUIHSIEN, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. - In the north-eastern part of the province of Hupeh, in central China. It was erected on 17 June 1937 from 3 civil…
Suifu, Diocese of(SUIFU, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 910 SUIFU, DIOCESE of. — In the southern part of Szechwan province, in west-central China. It was erected as an apostolic vicariate under the name of Southern…
Suitbert (Suidbercht, Swidbert), Saint(SUITBERTO (SUIDBERCHT, SWIDBERT), SANTO)Vol. XI, p. 910 SUITBERTO (SUIDBERCHT, SWIDBERT), santo. - Benedictine, apostle of the Frisians, a native of Northumbria, d. at Kaiserwerth (Düsseldorf) on March 1, 713.…
Suiyuan, Archdiocese of(SUIYUAN, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 911 SUIYUAN, ARCHDIOCESE of. — Situated in the central part of Inner Mongolia, it comprises nine subprefectures of the civil province of S. and several other…
Sukabumi, Apostolic Prefecture of(SUKABUMI, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. XI, p. 911 SUKABUMI, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE OF - Situated in the western part of the island of Java (Indonesia), it includes the civil prefecture of Bantam and the…
Sully Prudhomme, René-François-Armand Prudhomme, detto(SULLY PRUDHOMME, REMÉ-FRANÇOIS-ARMAND PRUDHOMME, DETTO)Vol. XI, p. 912 SULLY PRUDHOMME, REMÉ-FRANÇOIS-ARMAND PRUDHOMME, known as. - French poet, b. in Paris on 16 May 1839, d. at Chatenay on 7 Sept. 1907. Towards the end of the…
Sulmona, Diocese of(SULMONA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 912 SULMONA, DIOCESI di: v. VALVA e SULMONA, diocesi di.
Sulpicians(SULPIZIANI)Vol. XI, p. 913 SULPIZIANI. – They were founded in Paris in 1642 by J. J. Olier (v.), parish priest of S. Sulpizio, in order to restore the fortunes of the French clergy,…
Sulpicius Severus(SULPICIO SEVERO)Vol. XI, p. 912 SULPICIO SEVERO. — Ecclesiastical writer of southern Gaul, b. in Aquitania ca. 360, d. at Primillac ca. 420. Of noble family (Gennadius, De viris ill., 19), he…
Sulpizio, Nunzio, Venerable(SULPRIZIO, NUNZIO, VENERABILE)Vol. XI, p. 913 SULPRIZIO, NUNZIO, venerable. - B. at Pesco Sansonesco (diocese of Sulmona) on 13 Apr. 1817, d. at Naples on 5 March 1836. Left an orphan at an early age, he…
Sulāqā, GiovanniVol. XI, p. 912 SULĀQĀ, GIOVANNI. - First Chaldean patriarch of Mossul, martyr for union with Rome. Born in Mossul around 1510 and died there at the beginning of 1555. From…
Sumerians(SUMERI)Vol. XI, p. 914 SUMERI. - The first people of the ancient Middle East for whom written documents have survived. They possessed a highly advanced culture, born in the temples,…
Summae Deus ClementiaeVol. XI, p. 921 « SUMMAE DEUS CLEMENTIAE ». – Hymn of Lauds for the feast of the Seven Sorrows of Mary Most Holy on 15 September, by an unknown author. The author addresses…
Summae Parens ClementiaeVol. XI, p. 921 « SUMMAE PARENS CLEMENTIAE ». – Hymn of Matins on Saturday, by an unknown author. It is found in ninth-century manuscripts (G. M. Dreves and C. Blume, Anal.…
SummagaVol. XI, p. 921 SUMMAGA. - Benedictine abbey, in the diocese of Concordia, 3 km distant from it; the Latin name « Summa aqua » is connected with the marshy ground, reclaimed…
SummerhillVol. XI, p. 922 SUMMERHILL: v. FERNS, DIOCESI di.
Summi PontificatusVol. XI, p. 922 «SUMMI PONTIFICATUS». — The first encyclical of Pius XII (20 October 1939), in which the program of his pontificate is outlined. Published on the eve of the…
Summons(INTIMAZIONE)Vol. VII, p. 91 INTIMATION. – This term designates the act by which a summons to appear in court is notified. It is in criminal matters that this term finds its fullest…
Summus Refectis Artubus(SOMMO REFECTIS ARTUBUS)Vol. XI, p. 577 «SOMMO REFECTIS ARTUBUS». — Matins hymn for Monday, by an unknown author; it is found in manuscripts of the ninth century (G. M. Dreves, Anal. hymn., III,…
Sun Yat-senVol. XI, p. 923 SUN YAT-SEN. – Cantonese form of the name of Süenisien (Sun I-hsien), Chinese politician and revolutionary. Born on 12 November 1866 into a humble peasant…
Sundar SinghVol. XI, p. 922 SUNDAR SINGH. – Hindu mystic, called Sadhu = “pious,” born in Rampur, on the border of Nepal, on 3 September 1889, died in 1932. From the religious sect into…
Sunday(DOMENICA)Vol. IV, p. 1045 DOMENICA. — From (dies) Dominica, “the Lord’s day.” Debate continues concerning the time, place, and manner in which this day was added to the Jewish Sabbath…
Sunday Letter(LETTERA DOMENICALE)Vol. VII, p. 729 DOMINICAL LETTER. - In order to determine on which days of the year Sundays fell, medieval chronologists devised the system of ferial letters, whereby the…
Sunday Precept(PRECETTO FESTIVO)Vol. IX, p. 1133 PRECETTO FESTIVO. — By the festive precept is understood the obligation to sanctify Sundays and days of obligation by attending Mass and abstaining from…
Sunday School(DOMENICALE, SCUOLA)Vol. IV, p. 1046 DOMENICALE, SCUOLA. — According to G. Everette’s definition, “the S. d. is the school of the Church of Christ, gathered together on Sunday, in which the word…
Sunday, Saint, Martyr(DOMENICA, SANTA, MARTIRE)Vol. IV, p. 1046 DOMENICA, saint, martyr. – She is commemorated in the Roman Martyrology on 6 July. She may perhaps be the Greek martyr Ciriaca (Κυριαχή), who died at Nicomedia…
Sundays and Holy Days(DOMENICA E GIORNI FESTIVI)Vol. IV, p. 1046 DOMENICA E GIORNI FESTIVI: v. PRE-CETTO FESTIVO.
SuonoVol. XI, p. 923 SOUND. — I. PHYSICAL GENESIS OF ACOUSTIC STIMULI. — The energy adequate to stimulate the auditory apparatus is a particular form of mechanical energy, namely…
Superantius (Soranzo), NicolausVol. XI, p. 951 SUPERANTIUS (SORANZO), NICOLAUS. - Jurist, b. in Venezia in 1474, d. there on 20 Nov. 1546. An Augustinian religious, he was prior of the monastery of Venezia…
Superfluous Goods(BENI SUPERFLUI)Vol. II, p. 785 SUPERFLUOUS GOODS. — Superfluous goods are those temporal goods that are necessary neither for a person’s life nor for his status. By life is meant not merely…
Superior (Religious)(GENERALE (RELIGIOSO))Vol. V, p. 1184 GENERAL (religious). — He is the supreme head of a religious Order or Congregation: the first of the so-called major superiors. In the CIC he is designated by…
Superior School of Christian Art "Blessed Angelico"(SCUOLA SUPERIORE D'ARTE CRISTIANA «BEATO ANGELICO»)Vol. XI, p. 137 SCUOLA SUPERIORE D'ARTE CRISTIANA «BEATO ANGELICO». — Founded by Msgr. G. Polvara (v.) in October 1921 with the twofold aim of preparing Christian artists…
Superior, Diocese of(SUPERIOR, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 952 SUPERIOR, DIOCESI di. - City and diocese in the State of Wisconsin (United States). The diocese of S. was erected on 3 May 1905 by the dismemberment of the…
Superioren-VereinigungVol. XI, p. 952 SUPERIOREN-VEREINIGUNG. – Association of the Major Superiors (abbots and provincials) of the Orders and clerical Congregations of Germany whose members worked…
Superman (Ger. Übermensch)(SUPERUOMO (TED. ÜBERMENSCH))Vol. XI, p. 955 SUPERUOMO (German Übermensch). – A term coined to indicate a conception of humanity superior to its normal or typical form, but free from whatever appears weak…
Supernatural Adoption(ADOZIONE SOPRANNATURALE)Vol. I, p. 217 SUPERNATURAL ADOPTION. - Among the hagiographers of the New Testament, only s. Paul uses the juridical term a. (υλοθεσία), elevating its meaning to the…
Supernatural Beatitude(BEATITUDINE SOPRANNATURALE)Vol. II, p. 646 BEATITUDINE SOPRANNATURALE: v. VISIONE BEATIFICA.
Supernatural Gifts And Original Justice(DONI SOPRANNATURALI E GIUSTIZIA ORIGINALE)Vol. IV, p. 1082 SUPERNATURAL GIFTS AND ORIGINAL JUSTICE. — I. NOTIONS. — All Catholic theologians admit that the state of original justice, that is, Adam’s state of innocence…
Supernatural, Order of the(SOPRANNATURALE, ORDINE)Vol. XI, p. 581 SUPERNATURAL, ORDER OF. - I. TERMINOLOGY AND HISTORY. - According to the common doctrine currently upheld in the Church, it is a truth of faith (Council of…
Superstition(SUPERSTIZIONE)Vol. XI, p. 953 SUPERSTITION. — From Lat. superstitio (cf. the Greek ἐκαταχύς), “to stand outside or above,” in religious ethnology it designates the state of isolation from…
Supplication(SUPPLICA)Vol. XI, p. 955 SUPPLICA. - As a diplomatic term, it is the petition addressed to the sovereign in order to obtain a gracious concession. Concessions of various kinds made by…
Supreme Being(ESSERE SUPREMO)Vol. V, p. 387 ESSERE SUPREMO : V. DIO.
Supreme Order of Christ(SUPREMO ORDINE DEL CRISTO)Vol. XI, p. 956 SUPREMO ORDINE DEL CRISTO: v. ORDINI EQUESTRI PONTIFICI.
Supreme Pontiff(SOMMO PONTEFICE)Vol. XI, p. 577 SOMMO PONTEFICE: v. PAPA.
Supreme Sacred Congregation Of The Holy Office(SANT'UFFIZIO, SUPREMA SACRA CONGREGAZIONE DEL)Vol. X, p. 1115 SANT'UFFIZIO, SUPREMA SACRA CONGREGAZIONE del: v. CONGREGAZIONI ROMANE, SACRE, II. Le singole C. in particolare.
Sur (Heb. Šûr "Wall")(SUR (EBR. ŠÛR « MURAGLIA »))Vol. XI, p. 956 SUR (Heb. Šûr “wall”). - Desert traversed by the Israelites during three days’ march after the crossing of the Red Sea (Ex. 15, 22), called in Num. 33, 8 the…
SuraVol. XI, p. 956 SURA. – A Mesopotamian city, on the left bank of the Euphrates, opposite Callinicus in Osroene, at the beginning of the strata diocletiana, which from S. led…
Surabaya, Apostolic Vicariate of(SURABAIA, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. XI, p. 957 SURABAIA, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO of — Situated in the eastern part of the island of Java, Indonesia, it comprises the civil districts of S., Kendiri, Rembang,…
Suretyship(FIDEIUSSIONE)Vol. V, p. 749 FIDEIUSSIONE. – Contract by which one party, binding himself personally toward the creditor, guarantees to him the performance of an obligation of another. In…
Surgical Psychotherapy (Psychosurgery)(PSICOTERAPIA CHIRURGICA (PSICOCHIRURGIA))Vol. X, p. 173 SURGICAL PSYCHOTHERAPY (PSYCHOSURGERY). — One of the most recent branches of modern medicine; it comprises a whole series of neurosurgical procedures intended…
Suriano, FrancescoVol. XI, p. 957 SURIANO, FRANCESCO - Scholar of Palestine, known for the Treatise on the Holy Land and the East, b. in Venice in 1450, d. after 1529. He went to sea from…
Surigao, Diocese of(SURIGAO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 957 SURIGAO, DIOCESE of - City and diocese in the province of Surigao and Agusan in the Philippine Islands. It has an area of 29,770 sq. km., with a population of…
Surin (Seurin), Jean-JosephVol. XI, p. 958 SURIN (SEURIN), JEAN-JOSEPH. – Jesuit spiritual writer, born on 29 February 1600 at Bordeaux, died there on 22 April 1665. Of a prosperous family, he was…
Surio (Sauer), LaurentiusVol. XI, p. 958 SURIO (SAUER), LAURENTIUS. – Carthusian writer, born in Lübeck in 1522, died on 23 May 1578 in Cologne. As a student at Frankfurt an der Oder, he returned to…
Surplus Value(PLUSVALORE)Vol. IX, p. 984 PLUSVALORE: v. VALORE.
Surrealism(SUPERREALISMO)Vol. XI, p. 953 SUPERREALISMO: v. ORESTANO, FRANCESCO.
Surrealism(SURREALISMO)Vol. XI, p. 959 SURREALISMO. — French literary and artistic movement. The term « surrealist » first appears as the subtitle of a drama by G. Apollinaire, Les mammelles de…
SuryaVol. XI, p. 959 SURYA: v. VEDA E VEDISMO. (from A. T. Olmsted, History of the Persian Empire, Chicago 1918, tav. 2) SUSA - Aerial view. (from A. T. Olmsted, History of the…
SusaVol. XI, p. 959 SUSA — Capital of Elam (v.). The very ancient Šūfan (“lily” or “whiteness”), situated at the southern foot of the mountain range of present-day Luristán, has…
Susa, Diocese of(SUSA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 960 SUSA, DIOCESI di – Arch erected by King Cozio I in honor of Augustus in 9 B.C. – Susa. having arrived from Jerusalem, the sad news concerning the failure to…
SusannaVol. XI, p. 961 SUSANNA. – Protagonist of a narrative belonging to the complex of biographical traditions concerning the prophet Daniele (v.), daughter of Helcia (whom it is…
Susanna, Saint, Martyr(SUSANNA, SANTA, MARTIRE)Vol. XI, p. 962 SUSANNA, saint, martyr. - She is commemorated in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum on 11 August, but her memorial is not, as usual, connected with a cemetery,…
Suscipe, Domine, Universam Meam LibertatemVol. XI, p. 962 « SUSCIPE, DOMINE, UNIVERSAM MEAM LIBERTATEM ». - Prayer included among the « Orationes pro opportunitate dicendae » of the Roman Breviary under the title…
Suso, Heinrich, Blessed(SUSO, HEINRICH, BEATO)Vol. XI, p. 963 SUSO, HEINRICH, blessed. – Spiritual writer and preacher, Dominican, born on 23 March 1295 (Bihlemeyer) or around 1300 (Gröber) at Constance, died on 25…
Suspension(SOSPENSIONE)Vol. XI, p. 595 SUSPENSION. — It is a strictly ecclesiastical penalty by which clerics are deprived of the exercise of certain rights pertaining to their office or benefice,…
Suspicion(SUSPICIONE)Vol. XI, p. 964 SUSPICIONE. – Suspicio, s., suspicion generally indicate a doubt or judgment, not entirely proven but founded on serious indications, concerning some fact. In…
Suspicion and Rash Judgment(SOSPETTO E GIUDIZIO TEMERARIO)Vol. XI, p. 596 SOSPETTO and GIUDIZIO TEMERARIO. — When speaking of malevolent thoughts concerning the honesty of one’s neighbor, the terms rash judgment, rash opinion, rash…
Sutri, Diocese of(SUTRI, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 966 SUTRI, DIOCESE of. — In Latium, in the province of Viterbo, it is united with that of Nepi (v.). S., of Etruscan origin and called “Sutrium” by the Romans,…
Sutter, FedeleVol. XI, p. 966 SUTTER, FEDELE. - Archbishop, born at Ferrara on 16 March 1796, died there on 30 Aug. 1883. He entered the Capuchin Order on 4 Oct. 1816; he was lector and…
Suárez, FranciscoVol. XI, p. 888 SUÁREZ, FRANCISCO. - Jesuit theologian and philosopher, called the Doctor Eximius, born at Granada on 5 Jan. 1548, died at Lisbon on 25 Sept. 1617. I. LIFE. -…
Suñol, Ramon Gregorio MariaVol. XI, p. 923 SUÑOL, RAMON GREGORIO MARIA. – Benedictine abbot and Gregorianist, born in Barcelona on 7 September 1879, died in Rome on 26 October 1946. The motu proprio of…
