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Seal(SIGILLO)Vol. XI, p. 350 SIGILLO : v. SFRAGISTICA.
Seasons(STAGIONI)Vol. XI, p. 709 STAGIONI. – The theme of the S., because of its allegorical significance, interested Christian art from its very beginnings (v. PERSONIFICAZIONI). At a later…
Seat of Truth(SIERO DELLA VERITÀ)Vol. XI, p. 347 SIERO DELLA VERITÀ: v. NARCOANALISI.
Seattle, Diocese of(SEATTLE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 139 SEATTLE, DIOCESE of. – Diocese and city in the State of Washington (U.S.A.). A suffragan of Portland, Oregon, the diocese of S. was first established as the…
Sebaste (Sebastia), Armenian Diocese of(SEBASTE (SEBASTIA), DIOCESI ARMENA DI)Vol. XI, p. 140 SEBASTE (SEBASTIA), ARMENIAN DIOCESE of. - Ancient capital of Armenia. Around 260 it first had a bishop; Eulalius later took part in the Council of Nicaea, and…
Sebastian(SEBASTIANO)Vol. XI, p. 140 SEBASTIANO, saint — Present state of the crypt of St S. in the cemetery ad catacumbas. The altar stands over the remains of the loculus where the Saint’s…
Sebastian of the Apparition, Blessed(SEBASTIANO DELL'APPARIZIONE, BEATO)Vol. XI, p. 147 SEBASTIANO dell'APPARIZIONE, Blessed. — Of the Friars Minor, born in the province of Galicia in 1502, died at Puebla de los Angeles (Mexico) on 25 February…
Sebastian, King of Portugal(SEBASTIANO, RE DI PORTOGALLO)Vol. XI, p. 147 SEBASTIANO, king of PORTOGALLO. - B. in Lisbon on 20 Jan. 1554, d. at Ksar el-Kebir (Morocco) on 4 Aug. 1578. The penultimate king of the Aviz dynasty, nephew…
Sebastian, Saint, Martyr(SEBASTIANO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. XI, p. 140 SEBASTIAN, Saint, Martyr. — He is commemorated in the Depositio martyrum on 20 January as buried in the cemetery ad catacumbas. On the same date and at the…
Sebastianelli, GuglielmoVol. XI, p. 140 SEBASTIANELLI, GUGLIELMO. — Canonist, born at Castro dei Volsci, in the diocese of Veroli, on 4 December 1855; died in Rome in April 1920. He earned degrees in…
Sebastiano del PiomboVol. XI, p. 147 SEBASTIANO del PIOMBO. — S. Luciani, called S. del P., painter, born probably in Venice around 1485, died in Rome on 21 June 1547. The erroneous reading of an…
Sebha (Heb. Šebha', "Oath"?; "The Seven [Deities]"?)(SEBA (EBR. ŠEBHA', « GIURAMENTO »?, « LE SETTE [DIVINITÀ] »?))Vol. XI, p. 140 SEBA (Heb. Šebha', “oath”?, “the seven [divinities]”?). — A Benjaminite, son of Bochri (Gen. 46:21), the “pestilential man” mentioned in II Sam. 20. He incited…
Secchi, AngeloVol. XI, p. 148 SECCHI, ANGELO. – Jesuit and astronomer, born at Reggio Emilia on 18 June 1818, died at Rome on 26 February 1876. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1833 and…
Secco, AnacletoVol. XI, p. 149 SECCO, ANACLETO. - Barnabite, b. at Cremona in 1585, d. at Milano on 13 Sept. 1636. He was Superior of several Houses of his Order and a Lenten preacher. He…
Seckau, Diocese of(SECOVIA (SECKAU), DIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 150 SECOVIA (SECKAU), DIOCESE of — Diocese and abbey in Styria (Austria). I. THE DIOCESE. — The present-day diocese of S. has an area of 16,373 sq. km. and…
Second Millennium A.D.(II MILLENNIO A)Vol. VI, p. 805 II millennium B.C.). A treaty of the fourteenth century B.C. between the king of Mitanni and the king of the Hittites shows that H. then belonged to the…
Secovia, Diocese of(SECOVIA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 151 SECOVIA, DIOCESI di – Side of the church of S. Egidio, since 1786 the cathedral church, built by Federico III (1438–60) with additions from the Baroque period…
Secret(SEGRETO)Vol. XI, p. 170 SECRET. - Materially understood, the secret is the same hidden thing; formally understood, it is the knowledge of that thing with the obligation not to…
Secret Almoner of His Holiness(ELEMOSINIERE SEGRETO DI SUA SANTITÀ)Vol. V, p. 148 SECRET ALMONER OF HIS HOLINESS. — The Secret Almoner of His Holiness is a palatine prelate and the first among the participating ecclesiastical secret…
Secret Societies and Ecclesiastical Legislation(SÈTTE E LEGISLAZIONE ECCLESIASTICA)Vol. XI, p. 524 SECTS AND ECCLESIASTICAL LEGISLATION. — The name derives directly from classical Latin secta, etymologically from sequor, and originally had the sense of a…
Secreta (Understood Prayer; Super Oblata; Sacred)(SECRETA (SOTTINTESO ORATIO; SUPER OBLATA; SACRA))Vol. XI, p. 151 SECRETA (understood oratio; Super oblata; Sacra). — The prayer of the Mass recited over the offerings before the Preface, called Super oblata in books of the…
Secretan, CharlesVol. XI, p. 152 SECRETAN, CHARLES. - Philosopher, b. in Lausanne on 19 Jan. 1815, d. there on 20 Jan. 1895. He taught philosophy there for about thirty years. The central…
Secretariat of Latin Letters(SEGRETERIA DELLE LETTERE LATINE)Vol. XI, p. 168 SEGRETERIA DELLE LETTERE LATINE. — This is an office of the Roman Curia, autonomous and collateral to the Secretariat of State, directly dependent upon the…
Secretariat of State(SEGRETERIA DI STATO)Vol. XI, p. 168 SEGRETERIA DI STATO. — It is one of the offices of the Roman Curia, through which the Holy See handles all matters of ecclesiastical policy. I. HISTORICAL…
Secular Arm(BRACCIO SECOLARE)Vol. II, p. 1159 SECULAR ARM. – It is not known precisely when this expression began to be used. Today the CIC, can. 2198, uses it, but with a meaning different from that of…
Secular Institutes(ISTITUTI SECOLARI)Vol. VII, p. 223 SECULAR INSTITUTES. — This is the name given to new forms of religious life without the obligation of common life, as it is juridically conceived in religious…
Secular Oratory of Saint Philip Neri(ORATORIO SECOLARE DI SAN FILIPPO NERI)Vol. IX, p. 147 SECULAR ORATORY OF SAN FILIPPO NERI. - Having become a priest, Filippo Neri saw, from as early as 1552, a nucleus of friends and admirers gather around him; he…
Secularization(SECOLARIZZAZIONE)Vol. XI, p. 149 SECOLARIZZAZIONE (of religious): v. ESCLAUSTRAZIONE E SECOLARIZZAZIONE; (of ecclesiastical property): v. USURPAZIONE DEI BENI ECCLESIASTICI.
Secularization of Ecclesiastical Goods(INCAMERAMENTO DEI BENI ECCLESIASTICI)Vol. VI, p. 1010 INCAMERAMENTO DEI BENI ECCLESIASTICI: v. SECOLARIZZAZIONE; USURPAZIONE.
Secunda, Saint, Martyr(SECONDA, SANTA, MARTIRE)Vol. XI, p. 149 SECONDA, saint, martyr: v. MASSIMA, DOMITILLA E SECONDA, sante, martiri.
Secundianus, Bishop of Singidunum(SECONDIANO, VESCOVO DI SINGIDUNO)Vol. XI, p. 149 SECONDIANO, bishop of SINGIDUNO. — In 366 he was still a priest and a follower of Ursacius and Valens, as appears from the letter they addressed to Germinius,…
Secundus (Secondinus) of Trent(SECONDO (SECONDINO) DI TRENTO)Vol. XI, p. 149 SECONDO (SECONDINO) of TRENTO. - He wrote a « succinctam de Langobardorum gestis historiolam » which Paolo Diacono (v.) made use of. In May 599 Pope Gregorio I…
Secusia, Bonaventure(SECUSIO, BONAVENTURA)Vol. XI, p. 152 SECUSIO, BONAVENTURA. — Friar Minor, patriarch of Constantinople and nuncio, born at Caltagirone ca. 1558, died at Catania on 29 March 1618. Admired for his…
Sede VacanteVol. XI, p. 157 SEDE VACANTE: V. VACANZA DELLA SEDE APOSTOLICA.
Sedechia (Heb. Sidhāyijāhā "Justice of Jahweh")(SEDECIA (EBR. SIDHĀYIJĀHĀ « GIUSTIZIA DI JAHWEH »))Vol. XI, p. 152 SEDECIA (Hebr. Sidhāyijāhā “justice of Jahweh”). — Last king of Judah (597–586), son of King Iosia (v.) and brother of Ioachaz (v.); he was placed on the…
Seder (Sēdher "Order")(SEDER (SĒDHER « ORDINE »))Vol. XI, p. 152 SEDER (sēdher “order”). – A Hebrew liturgical term referring in particular to the “order” or ceremonial procedure to be followed for the Jewish Passover meal,…
Sedibus Caeli Nitidis ReceptosVol. XI, p. 157 «SEDIBUS CAELI NITIDIS RECEPTOS». — Hymn of Vespers in the Office of ss. Cirillo and Metodio, whose feast Leo XIII made obligatory for the universal Church on…
Sedition(SEDIZIONE)Vol. XI, p. 157 SEDIZIONE. – S. (from seorsum ire) is the violent collective uprising against the public authorities or against particular persons invested with authority or…
Seduction(SEDUZIONE)Vol. XI, p. 159 SEDUZIONE. – In biblical language the term has various meanings. Sometimes it indicates any action directed toward leading others into error or sin: in this…
Sedulius(SEDULIO)Vol. XI, p. 158 SEDULIO. — Of S. (Caelius or Coelius Sedulius), the place of birth and the period in which he lived are uncertain. From the “subscriptiones” in the ancient…
Sedulius Scotus (The Younger)(SEDULIO SCOTO (IL GIOVANE))Vol. XI, p. 158 SEDULIO SCOTO (the YOUNGER). – Writer of the ninth century, man of letters and theologian, called Scotus or Scottus after his homeland, Ireland, and Junior, to…
Seeber, JosefVol. XI, p. 160 SEEBER, JOSEF. – Tyrolean poet, born in Brunico in 1856, died in Enns (Austria) in 1919. Ordained a priest in 1878, he was a professor at the « Vinzentinum »…
Seeböck, PhilibertVol. XI, p. 160 SEEBÖCK, PHILIBERT. — Prolific Franciscan writer on asceticism, born in Innsbruck in 1839, died in Schwaz (Tyrol) in 1914. He was a grammar-school teacher in…
Seeck, OttoVol. XI, p. 160 SEECK, OTTO. - Protestant historian, b. at Riga on 2 February 1850, d. at Münster on 29 July 1921. He first studied chemistry, then, from 1867 to 1869, history…
Seekers(SEEKERS (CERCATORI))Vol. XI, p. 160 SEEKERS (CERCATORI). – Name given to many sects of Protestant illuminati and extremists. The term s. refers to the pantheistic group of the ranters (=…
Seelsorger, DerVol. XI, p. 160 SEELSORGER, Der. – Periodical founded in Vienna in 1925, following the Congress on Pastoral Life held there in December 1924. Its subtitle defined its purpose…
Seert, Chronicle of(SEERT, CRONACA DI)Vol. XI, p. 160 SEERT, CRONACA di. — This is the name given by its editor, A. Scher, to an ancient chronicle written in Arabic by a Nestorian, probably in the first half of…
Seert, Diocese of(SEERT, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 160 SEERT, DIOCESE of. – Chaldean episcopal see in Iraq, probably already existing in the 4th century. The succession of Catholic bishops resumed in 1553. In 1913,…
SefaradVol. XI, p. 161 SEFARAD. - A semiannual periodical deriving its title from the Jewish name for Spain. It first appeared in 1941 as the organ of the « Instituto Arias Montano…
Segala, Alessio da SalòVol. XI, p. 162 SEGALA, ALESSIO da SALÒ. – Capuchin preacher and writer on asceticism, born at Salò in 1558, entered the Order in 1580, died at Brescia on 8 January 1628. He…
Segantini, GiovanniVol. XI, p. 162 SEGANTINI, GIOVANNI. – Painter, b. at Arco in Trentino on 15 January 1858, d. on the Schafberg in Engadine on 28 September 1899. Having lost his mother while…
Segarelli (Segalelli), Gerard(SEGARELLI (SEGALELLI), GERARDO)Vol. XI, p. 162 SEGARELLI (SEGALELLI), GERARDO. – In Parma, around 1260, he initiated the heretical movement known as the “Apostles” and “Apostolissae Christi” (= Fratres and…
SegatoVol. XI, p. 163 SEGATO. GIROLAMO: v. DEFUNTI, VENEZAZIONE dei, VI. In medicine.
Segesser, Philipp AntonVol. XI, p. 163 SEGESSER, PHILIPP ANTON. - Swiss statesman, b. at Lucerne on 5 April 1817, d. there on 30 June 1888. In 1851 he was a member of the Grand Council of Lucerne;…
Seghers, DanielVol. XI, p. 163 SEGHERS, DANIEL. - Jesuit, painter, b. at Anversa on 6 Dec. 1590, d. there on 2 Nov. 1661. A pupil in art of his father Pietro and of Jan Brueghel, he attained…
Segneri, PaoloVol. XI, p. 164 SEGNERI, PAOLO. — Jesuit, classical orator and writer, b. at Nettuno on 20 March 1624, d. at Rome on 9 December 1694. Educated at the Roman College, where his…
Segneri, Paolo the Younger(SEGNERI, PAOLO, IUNIORE)Vol. XI, p. 165 SEGNERI, PAOLO, IUNIORE. – Jesuit, popular missionary, nephew of the great preacher, born in Rome on 18 October 1673, died in Senigallia on 15 June 1713.…
Segni, Diocese of(SEGNI, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 165 SEGNI, DIOCESE of. – City and diocese in the province of Rome, 58 km. from it, at an altitude of 665 m. above sea level. It has an area of 250 sq. km. with a…
Segor (Heb. Ṣā'ar; Gr. Σηγώρ)(SEGOR (EBR. ṢĀ'AR; GR. ΣΉΓΩΡ))Vol. XI, p. 166 SEGOR (Hebr. Ṣā'ar; Gr. Σήγωρ). — An ancient city of Palestine, south of the Dead Sea (Gen. 13:10; Deut. 34:3), initially called Bala (Bela': Gen. 14:2–8). It…
Segorbe, Diocese of(SEGORBE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 167 SEGORBE, DIOCESI of. - City and diocese in Spain, suffragan of Valenza, in whose civil province and in that of Castellon de la Plana it is situated; some…
Segovia, Diocese of(SEGOVIA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 167 SEGOVIA, DIOCESI of. — Diocese and city of Spain, suffragan of Valladolid, situated almost entirely in the civil province of the same name, except for a few…
Seicento, Art of the(SEICENTO, ARTE DEL)Vol. XI, p. 179 SEICENTO, ARTE del: v. BAROCCA, ARTE; ROCOCÒ.
Seipel, IgnazVol. XI, p. 179 SEIPEL, IGNAZ. — Austrian politician, born in Vienna on 19 July 1876, died at Berndorf near Vienna on 2 August 1932. The son of humble and modest parents (his…
SeirVol. XI, p. 179 SEIR. - A geographical name used in the Old Testament (Heb. Sē'ir; cf. Sā'ir “hairy, shaggy” and “goat”; also “wild demonic being”: Is. 13:21). 1. A…
Seisdedos y Sanz, Jerónimo(SEISDEDOS Y SANZ, JERONIMO)Vol. XI, p. 179 SEISDEDOS Y SANZ, JERONIMO. - Theologian of mysticism, b. at Barcial de la Loma (Valladolid) on 20 February 1847, d. at Carrión de los Condes (Palencia) on 28…
Seismology(SISMOLOGIA)Vol. XI, p. 461 SEISMOLOGY. — The fundamental task of s. is the study of the physical characteristics of the Earth’s interior. For this purpose, it conducts research on the…
SeitenstettenVol. XI, p. 180 SEITENSTETTEN. — Benedictine abbey in the diocese of Sankt Pölten (Lower Austria). It was founded around 1100 as a house of Regular Canons, but the founder,…
Seitz, LudovicoVol. XI, p. 180 SEITZ, LUDOVICO. - Painter, b. in Roma on 11 June 1844, d. there on 11 Sept. 1908, son of the painter Alessandro Massimiliano, who had been a pupil of…
SeleuciaVol. XI, p. 180 SELEUCIA. - Maritime city of Syria, mentioned twice in the Bible (I Mach. 11, 8; Act. 13, 4); the most important among the various cities of this name. From…
Seleucians(SELEUCIANI)Vol. XI, p. 181 SELEUCIANI. — Term used to denote the followers of a Gnostic sect of the 3rd century, widespread in Galatia and mentioned by Filastrius of Brescia (4th…
Seleucids(SELEUCIDI)Vol. XI, p. 181 SELEUCIDI. – Dynasty that ruled in Asia Minor from 312 to 65 B.C. The Seleucid kingdom, which underwent numerous territorial changes during its long existence,…
Self-Consciousness(AUTOCOSCIENZA)Vol. II, p. 288 AUTOCOSCIENZA. – Consciousness, awareness of oneself. Whereas consciousness (v.) indicates rather the awareness of the subject’s acts in their objective…
Self-Denial(ABNEGAZIONE)Vol. I, p. 86 ABNEGAZIONE. — Disposition to sacrifice oneself for others, disinterestedness put into practice through renunciation of personal advantage. 1. The term does…
Sella, QuintinoVol. XI, p. 182 SELLA, QUINTINO. – Minister of the Italian Finances, b. at Sella di Mosso (Vercelli) on 7 July 1827, d. at Biella on 14 March 1884. Son of a wool manufacturer,…
Sellin, ErnstVol. XI, p. 182 SELLIN, ERNST. — Biblical archaeologist and Protestant exegete of moderately critical tendency, opponent of J. Wellhausen (v.) and of the Comparative School of…
Semarang, Apostolic Vicariate of(SEMARANG, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. XI, p. 183 SEMARANG, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. — Situated in the central part of the island of Java (Indonesia), it comprises the civil districts of Temangung, Megelang,…
Semeia (Semeias)Vol. XI, p. 183 SEMEIA (SEMEIAS). - Name (Hebrew Šēma'īāh = "Jahweh has heard") of various characters in the Old Testament. (courtesy of Msgr. P. Paschini) SEMERIA, GIOVANNI -…
SemendriaVol. XI, p. 184 SEMENDRIA: v. BELGRADO, DIOCESI di.
Semenenko, PietroVol. XI, p. 184 SEMENENKO, PIETRO. — Co-founder and superior general of the Congregation of the Resurrection, theologian, preacher, philosopher, ascetical and mystical writer,…
Semeria, GiovanniVol. XI, p. 184 SEMERIA, GIOVANNI. – Barnabite orator and writer, born at Coldirodi (Imperia) on 26 September 1867, died at Sparanise (Caserta) on 15 March 1931. At the age of…
Semeria, StefanoVol. XI, p. 185 SEMERIA, STEFANO. - Missionary, b. 17 Feb. 1813 at La Colla (Ventimiglia), d. at Marsiglia on 23 Jan. 1868. In 1829 he entered the Oblates of Mary Immaculate;…
Semi-Arianism(SEMIARIANESIMO)Vol. XI, p. 185 SEMIARIANESIMO: V. ARIANESIMO.
Semi-Pelagianism(SEMIPELAGIANESIMO)Vol. XI, p. 189 SEMIPELAGIANISM. – This is the generic name given since the seventeenth century to the entire theological movement that arose in Gallo-Roman circles in the…
Seminary(SEMINARIO)Vol. XI, p. 185 SEMINARIO. — This is the college which, according to the ordinances of the Church, is intended for the spiritual and literary formation of those aspiring to…
Seminary(SEMINARISTICO)Vol. XI, p. 189 SEMINARISTICO. – This is the tax that the Ordinary may impose on the income of all diocesan ecclesiastical institutions in order to meet the material needs of…
Seminary for Foreign Missions of Yarumal(SEMINARIO PER LE MISSIONI ESTERE DI YARUMAL)Vol. XI, p. 189 SEMINARY FOR THE FOREIGN MISSIONS OF YARUMAL. – It was opened on 3 July 1927 on the initiative of Mgr. Michelangelo Bulles. Its purpose is to undertake…
Semipenal(SEMIONICALE)Vol. XI, p. 189 SEMIONICALE: v. ONCIALE E SEMIONICALE, SCRITTURE.
Semitic Languages(SEMITICHE, LINGUE)Vol. XI, p. 190 SEMITICHE, LINGUE. — Group of languages characterized by a large number of common phonetic, morphological, syntactic, and lexical elements which, persisting…
Semitic-Hamitic(SEMITO-CAMITI)Vol. XI, p. 192 SEMITO-CAMITI.—The names Semites and Hamites derive from the list of the peoples of the Bible (Gen. 10), where a certain number of peoples are presented as…
Semma (Heb. Šammā' or Šammāh; Vulgate Semma or Semmaa)(SEMMA (EBR. ŠAMMĀ' O ŠAMMĀH; VOLGATA SEMMA O SEMMAA))Vol. XI, p. 194 SEMMA (Heb. Šammā' or Šammāh; Vulgate Semma or Semmaa). — Name of several figures of the Old Testament. 1. Son of Isai, brother of David, and father of Ionadab…
Semo SancoVol. XI, p. 195 SEMO SANCO. — Semo Sancus Dius Fidius, an Italic divinity of the sky of Jupiter, whose name recalls: a) the Semones of the Arval cult; b) the characteristic of…
Sempiternus RexVol. XI, p. 195 « SEMPITERNUS REX ». — Encyclical of Pio XII for the fifteenth centenary of the Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon (8 Sept. 1951). The Council of Chalcedon is the…
Sena, Diocese of(SENA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 196 SENA, DIOCESI di. – Chaldean diocese in Persia (Kurdistàn). Probably already existing in the 3rd century, re-established in 1851. The bishop resides in Tehran.…
Senator, Saint(SENATORE, SANTO)Vol. XI, p. 196 SENATORE, saint. – He is commemorated in the Roman Martyrology on 28 May, but in the ancient Milanese catalogues the following day is given. In 450, while…
Senator, Viator, Cassiodorus, Saints(SENATORE, VIATORE, CASSIODORO, SANTI)Vol. XI, p. 196 SENATORE, VIATORE, CASSIODORO, saints: v. SAN MARCO ARGENTANO e BISIGNANO, DIOCESI di.
Sendai, Diocese of(SENDAI, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 196 SENDAI, DIOCESE of. — Situated on the island of Hondo, it comprises four civil prefectures, namely: Fukushima, Miyagi, Iwate, and Aomori. This mission was…
Seneca, Lucius AnnaeusVol. XI, p. 197 SENECA, LUCIUS ANNAEUS. – Roman philosopher, son of Anneo Seneca the rhetorician, born at Cordova, in Spain, between 4 and 8 A.D., died at Rome in 65. He came…
Senestrey, Ignaz vonVol. XI, p. 200 SENESTREY, IGNAZ von. – Bishop, born on 13 July 1818 at Bärnau, in the Upper Palatinate, died on 16 August 1906 at Regensburg. He studied at the Collegium…
Senigallia, Diocese of(SENIGALLIA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 200 SENIGALLIA, DIOCESE of. – City and diocese of the Marches. It has an area of 533 sq. km, with a population of 110,000 inhabitants, of whom 109,919 are…
Senj (Segna, Zengg), Diocese of(SEGNA (SENJ. ZENGG), DIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 163 SEGNA (SENJ. ZENGG), DIOCESE of. — In Croatia (Yugoslavia); united with the diocese of Modrussa; it is suffragan to Zagreb. It has an area of 10,513 sq. km.…
SenlisVol. XI, p. 201 SENLIS. — An ancient diocese and a town serving as the seat of a subprefecture of the department of Oise in France, situated on the right bank of the Nonette…
SennacheribVol. XI, p. 202 SENNACHERIB. — Assyrian king (Assyrian Šin-ahhē-eriba, “Sin has given me a substitute for my [deceased] little brothers”; Heb. Sanhērībh), who ruled the…
Sens, Archdiocese of(SENS, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 204 SENS, ARCHDIOCESE of. — City in the department of Yonne in France. It has a population of 271,685, of whom 25,000 are Catholics. The present diocese of S. is…
Sensation(SENSAZIONE)Vol. XI, p. 209 SENSATION. - From sensus, sensatio, Gr. αἰσθησις, it is the original and fundamental manifestation of psychic life, through which the first form of the…
Sensibility(SENSIBILITÀ)Vol. XI, p. 216 SENSIBILITÀ. — The concept of s. is not univocally established. It is commonly said that a subject has s. for certain problems or aspects of life, by which is…
Sensism(SENSISMO)Vol. XI, p. 217 SENSISM. — A philosophical system or orientation that admits sensation (v.) as the sole source of knowledge and resolves all forms or functions of thought (v.)…
Sentence(SENTENZA)Vol. XI, p. 219 SENTENZA. — This is the juridical act by which a dispute that has not come to an end for other reasons (prescription, renunciation, settlement) is concluded;…
Sentences, Commentaries on the(SENTENZE, COMMENTI ALLE)Vol. XI, p. 221 SENTENCES, COMMENTARIES ON. – The textbook in the Faculty of Theology during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries was the Bible, the “sacred page,” from…
Sentiment(SENTIMENTO)Vol. XI, p. 222 SENTIMENTO. – Sentimento is distinguished from the simple “sensing” of external or internal sensibility, inasmuch as, while sensing refers to objective…
Seoul (Sŏul), Apostolic Vicariate of(SEUL (SÖUL), VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. XI, p. 286 SEOUL (SÖUL), APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of — Located in the south-western region of Korea, it has an area of 71,820 sq. km. and a population of 5,800,000…
Separation of Spouses(SEPARAZIONE DEI CONIUGI)Vol. XI, p. 228 SEPARATION of SPOUSES: v. SPOUSES, RIGHTS AND DUTIES of.
Separatism and Jurisdictionalism(SEPARATISMO E GIURISDIZIONALISMO)Vol. XI, p. 227 SEPARATISM AND JURISDICTIONALISM 1. The possible systems of relations between State and Church are, according to a well-known classification, caesaropapism (v.…
SepharadVol. XI, p. 228 SEPHARAD: v. SEPARAD; SEPARDITI.
Sephardim(SEFARDITI)Vol. XI, p. 161 SEFARDITI. - Descendants of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews who emigrated from the Iberian peninsula, after the massacre of 1491 and the expulsion of 1492, to…
SepharvaimVol. XI, p. 228 SEPHARVAIM. – A city of the Assyrian Empire, from which the “king of Assyria,” probably Sargon II, as from the centers of Cuthah, Avah, and Hamath, had…
SephoraVol. XI, p. 229 SEPHORA. - 1. (Heb. Siphrâh, Septuagint Σεπφωρά). One of the Hebrew midwives, whom Pharaoh ordered to kill the male Israelite newborns (Ex. 1, 15). 2. (Heb.…
Sepphoris (Heb. postbiblical Şippurî; Gr. Σεπφάς)(SEFFORIS (EBR. POSTBIBLICO ŞIPPURÎ; GR. ΣΕΦΦΆΣ))Vol. XI, p. 162 SEFFORIS (post-biblical Heb. Şippurî; Gr. Σεφφάς). — A city of Galilee, whose name is preserved in the modern village of Şaffürijjeh, 8 km northwest of…
Septempeda, Ancient Diocese in Picenum(SEPTEMPEDA, ANTICA DIOCESI NEL PICENO)Vol. XI, p. 235 SEPTEMPEDA, ANCIENT DIOCESE in PICENUM: v. S. SEVERINO, DIOCESE of.
Septimius Severus (L. Septimius Severus), Roman Emperor(SETTIMIO SEVERO (L. SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS), IMPERATORE ROMANO)Vol. XI, p. 285 SETTIMIO SEVERO (L. Septimius Severus), ROMAN EMPEROR. — Born at Leptis Magna (Libia) on 11 April 146, died at Yorch (Inghilterra) in February 211. Descended…
Septuagesima (In the Roman Missal: "Dominica in Septuagesima")(SETTUAGESIMA (NEL MESSALE ROMANO «DOMINICA IN SEPTUAGESIMA»))Vol. XI, p. 286 SETTUAGESIMA (in the Roman Missal, “Dominica in Septuagesima”). — It is the ninth Sunday before Easter, in preparation for the feast of Christ’s Resurrection.…
Septuagint, Version of the(SETTANTA, VERSIONE DEI)Vol. XI, p. 274 SEVENTY, VERSION of. — The oldest Greek version, and the oldest of all the versions of the Old Testament. The name, in its full form, “version of the…
Sequences(SEQUENZE)Vol. XI, p. 235 SEQUENCES. — At first the s. was nothing more than the vocalization on the final syllable of the Alleluia of the Gradual; it was the jubilius or jubilatio,…
Sequestration(SEQUESTRO)Vol. XI, p. 236 SEQUESTRO. – It is a precautionary measure whereby either a disputed thing is entrusted to a third party (the sequestrator) for safekeeping until the dispute…
Serafina Di Dio, Venerable(SERAFINA DI DIO, VENERABILE)Vol. XI, p. 238 SERAFINA di Dio, venerable. — Carmelite mystic, in the world Prudenza Pisa, born in Naples on 24 October 1621, died in Capri on 17 March 1699. A woman of…
Serafini, CamilloVol. XI, p. 238 SERAFINI, CAMILLO. - Numismatist, b. 21 Apr. 1864 in Rome to a well-known and affluent Roman family, d. in the Vatican on 21 March 1952. Having completed his…
Serafini, DomenicoVol. XI, p. 239 SERAFINI, DOMENICO. - Cardinal, b. in Roma on 3 Aug. 1852, d. there on 5 March 1918. At the age of nineteen he entered the Benedictine monastery of S.…
SerafinoVol. XI, p. 238 SERAFINO - S. in the vision of Isaiah (Is. 6, 2-7), Miniature from the end of the 9th century. Detail of fol. 67v of Greek MS 510 in the National Library of…
Serafino Da FermoVol. XI, p. 240 SERAFINO da FERMO. - Ascetical writer and preacher, born at Fermo in 1496, died at Bologna in 1540. He entered the Lateran Canons Regular, preached fruitfully…
Serafino Da Montegranaro, Saint(SERAFINO DA MONTEGRANARO, SANTO)Vol. XI, p. 240 SERAFINO da MONTEGRANARO, saint. - Capuchin lay brother, b. at Montegranaro (Ascoli Piceno) in 1540, entered the novitiate at Iesi about 1557, d. at Ascoli…
Serafino Di SarovVol. XI, p. 240 SERAFINO of SAROV. - In the world Procoro Mošnin, together with s. Teodosio de Pečersk and s. Sergio di Radonesc, one of the three most important figures of…
Seraphim (Heb. Iāraph, pl. Iēraphim)(SERAFINO (EBR. IĀRĀPH, PLUR. IĒRĀPHIM))Vol. XI, p. 239 SERAFINO (Heb. iārāph, plur. iērāphim). - The only biblical text in which S. are mentioned is the vision that inaugurates Isaiah’s prophetic ministry: S.…
Serapion, Bishop of Thmuis, Saint(SERAPIONE, VESCOVO DI THMUIS, SANTO)Vol. XI, p. 240 SERAPIONE, bishop of THMUIS, saint. — In the Syriac Calendar a S. is recorded on 19 March; from there he passed into the Hieronymian Martyrology on the 21st of…
Serapion, Saint(SERAPIONE, SANTO)Vol. XI, p. 240 SERAPIONE, saint. – Eighth bishop of Antioch, from 190 (191 according to Giulio Africano) to 30 October 211. Eusebius (Hist. eccl., V, 19, 22; VI, 11) recalls…
Serarius, NicolausVol. XI, p. 241 SERARIUS, NICOLAUS. – Jesuit theologian, born at Rambervilleria (Metz) in 1555, died at Mainz in 1609. After completing his philosophical studies at Cologne,…
Serbelloni, Family(SERBELLONI, FAMIGLIA)Vol. XI, p. 241 SERBELLONI, FAMIGLIA. — Of Milanese origin, it acquired importance in the 16th century. CECILIA was the wife of Bernardino Medici and the mother of Pius IV.…
SerbiaVol. XI, p. 241 SERBIA. — Historical region of the Balkans, constituting the core of the present-day homonymous unit incorporated as a federal republic into the Yugoslav…
Sercambi, GiovanniVol. XI, p. 243 SERCAMBI, GIOVANNI. — Apothecary, soldier, distinguished citizen, writer, favored by the Guinigi family, born in Lucca on 18 February 1347, died there on 27…
Serdica (Sardica)(SARDICA (SERDICA))Vol. X, p. 1141 SARDICA (Serdica). — Today Sofia. It derives its name from the Thracian tribe of the Serdi (Dio Cassius, LI, 25). In the administrative organization given by…
Serfs of the Glebe(SERVI DELLA GLEBA)Vol. XI, p. 259 SERVI DELLA GLEBA: v. SCHIAVITÙ.
Sergius and Bacchus, Saints, Martyrs(SERGIO E BACCO, SANTI, MARTIRI)Vol. XI, p. 248 SERGIO and BACCO, saints, martyrs. - Greatly venerated in antiquity in the East; their names appear in the Hieronymian Martyrology; in the Roman liturgical…
Sergius I, Patriarch of Constantinople(SERGIO I, PATRIARCA DI COSTANTINOPOLI)Vol. XI, p. 244 SERGIUS I, patriarch of CONSTANTINOPLE. — Of Syrian origin, he was consecrated on 8 April 610 and died on 9 December 638. He placed the treasures of the…
Sergius I, Pope(SERGIO I, PAPA)Vol. XI, p. 244 SERGIO I, POPE, saint – Dream of S. I concerning s. Uberto, by Roger van der Weyden (ca. 1450) – New York, Friedsam Collection. his declarations condemning the…
Sergius I, Pope, Saint(SERGIO I, PAPA, SANTO)Vol. XI, p. 244 SERGIUS I, POPE, saint. — Of Antiochene origin, born in Palermo to a certain Tiberius, died in Rome on 8 September 701. During the pontificate of Adeodatus…
Sergius II, Pope(SERGIO II, PAPA)Vol. XI, p. 247 SERGIUS II, POPE. — Belonging to a noble family from which Pope Stephen V had already emerged, he was ordained a priest by Paschal I (817–24). He died on 27…
Sergius III, Pope(SERGIO III, PAPA)Vol. XI, p. 247 SERGIUS III, POPE. — Roman by origin, he died on 15 April 911. Ordained subdeacon by Marinus I (882–84), deacon by Stephen V (885–91), and bishop of Cere «per…
Sergius IV, Pope(SERGIO IV, PAPA)Vol. XI, p. 248 SERGIO IV, PAPA - Epitaph of S. IV; vv. 1-3 are partially reworked, as are several letters - Rome, basilica of S. Giovanni in Laterano. buried in S. Pietro;…
Sergius of Radonezh, Saint(SERGIO DI RADONESC, SANTO)Vol. XI, p. 248 SERGIO di RADONESC, saint. — In the world Bartolomeo, one of the great Russian saints. Born between 1314 and 1319 and died in the vicinity of Radonese on 25…
Sergius Paulus(SERGIO PAOLO)Vol. XI, p. 248 SERGIO PAOLO. - Roman proconsul in Cyprus during the first missionary journey of s. Paolo (Act. 13, 7-12). Luke praises his intelligent prudence. S. summoned…
Sergius, Patriarch of Moscow(SERGIO, PATRIARCA DI MOSCA)Vol. XI, p. 244 SERGIO, patriarch of MOSCOW. – Ioann Nikolaevič Stragorodskij, born at Arzamas in the eparchy of Nižnij-Novgorod to a priestly family on 11 January 1867, died…
Serio, Rosa Maria, Venerable(SERIO, ROSA MARIA, VENERABILE)Vol. XI, p. 248 SERIO, ROSA MARIA, venerable. — Carmelite, born in Ostuni (Lecce) on 6 August 1674, died in the Carmelite convent of Fasano (Bari) on 9 May 1726, where she had…
Seripando, GirolamoVol. XI, p. 249 SERIPANDO, GIROLAMO.—Troiano S. (in the Order, Girolamo) descended from a noble Neapolitan family belonging to the seggio of Capua. Felice Milensio and other…
Serlio, SebastianoVol. XI, p. 249 SERLIO, SEBASTIANO. – Architect and architectural theorist, b. in Bologna on 5 Sept. 1475, d. in Lyon in 1554. He is found between 1509 and 1514 in Pesaro as a…
Sermini Gentile, da SienaVol. XI, p. 250 SERMINI GENTILE, da SIENA. - Traditional, though not certain, author of «uno paneretto d'insalatella», a kind of miscellany and book of recollections in verse…
Seroux d'Agincourt, Jean-Baptiste-Louis-GeorgesVol. XI, p. 250 SEROUX D'AGINCOURT, JEAN-BAPTISTE-LOUIS-GEORGES. – French archaeologist and numismatist, born in Beauvais (France) on 5 April 1730, died in Rome on 24…
Serpent, in Ancient Religions(SERPENTE, NELLE RELIGIONI ANTICHE)Vol. XI, p. 251 SERPENT, IN ANCIENT RELIGIONS. — The cult of the serpent is widespread in ancient religions and among primitive peoples, where it sometimes represents the…
Serpieri, AlessandroVol. XI, p. 252 SERPIERI, ALESSANDRO. - Piarist scientist, b. at S. Giovanni di Marignano, near Rimini, on 31 Oct. 1825, d. at the Collegio della Badia Fiesolana, on 22 Feb.…
Serpotta, GiacomoVol. XI, p. 252 SERPOTTA, GIACOMO. — Sculptor, born in Palermo on 10 March 1656, died there on 27 February 1732. His distant ancestor was a Guglielmo S. of the 16th century,…
Serra, JuniperoVol. XI, p. 253 SERRA, JUNIPERO. – Franciscan Friar Minor, born Miguel, born at Petra (Majorca) on 24 November 1731, died at Monterey (California) on 28 August 1784. On 14…
Serra, LuigiVol. XI, p. 253 SERRA, LUIGI. – Painter, born in Bologna on 8 June 1846, died there on 11 August 1888. In 1868 he went to study in Florence; he then went to Rome, from where…
Serra, RenatoVol. XI, p. 253 SERRA, RENATO. – Literary critic, born in Cesena on 5 December 1884, died on Podgora on 20 July 1915. In 1908 he was a teacher at the teacher-training school…
Serrano y Pineda, LucianoVol. XI, p. 254 SERRANO y PINEDA, LUCIANO. - Spanish Benedictine and historian, b. 7 Jan. 1879 at Castroceniza (Burgos), d. 17 July 1944 at Burgos. A Benedictine in Sept.…
Serrano, Francesco, Blessed(SERRANO, FRANCESCO, BEATO)Vol. XI, p. 254 SERRANO, FRANCESCO, blessed. - Spanish Dominican missionary and martyr, b. at Hueneja (Guadix, Andalusia) on 4 Dec. 1695, d. at Fuceu (Fokien, China) on 28…
Serrao, Giovanni AndreaVol. XI, p. 254 SERRAO, GIOVANNI ANDREA. — Bishop of Potenza, a Calabrian, born at Castelmonado (now Filadelfia, province of Catanzaro) in 1731, died at Potenza on 24 February…
SerrataVol. XI, p. 254 SERRATA. – Suspension of work in factories, workshops, and industries, decided by the owners in order to combat strikes or oppose modifications to the terms of…
Serry, Jacques-HyacintheVol. XI, p. 255 SERRY, JACQUES-HYACINTHE. - Dominican theologian and polemicist, b. at Toulon in 1658, d. at Padua on 12 March 1738. He entered the Order at Marseilles (c.…
Sertillanges, Antonin-GilbertVol. XI, p. 255 SERTILLANGES, ANTONIN-GILBERT. — Dominican philosopher, theologian, and sacred orator, born in Clermont-Ferrand on 17 November 1863, died in Sallanches…
Servant of the Servants of God (Iulius of the Iulii of God)(SERVUS SERVORUM DEI (ἸΟΎΛΙΟΣ ΤΩ͂Ν ἸΟΎΛΩΝ ΤΟΥ͂ ΘΕΟΥ͂))Vol. XI, p. 266 SERVUS SERVORUM DEI (Ἰούλιος τῶν Ἰούλων τοῦ Θεοῦ). — Formula used consistently by the Papal Chancery in the « superscriptio » or « intitulatio » of documents…
Servant of Yahweh (Heb. 'Ēbhedh Yahweh)(SERVO DI JAHWEH (EBR. 'ÉBHEDH JAHWEH))Vol. XI, p. 265 SERVANT OF JAHWEH (Heb. 'Ébhedh Jahweh). - A figure described in four hymns of Isaiah: I) 42:1–7 (9); II) 49:1–7 (9); III) 50:4–9; IV) 52:13– 53:12. He is…
Servants of Charity(SERVI DELLA CARITÀ)Vol. XI, p. 259 SERVANTS OF CHARITY. - Religious congregation of priests and laymen founded by the servant of God d. Luigi Guanella (v.) with the purpose, in addition to works…
Servasanto da FaenzaVol. XI, p. 256 SERVASANTO da FAENZA. — Franciscan theologian and preacher, born at Oriolo (Faenza) in the first half of the 13th century, died probably at Florence around…
Servatius, Saint(SERVAZIO, SANTO)Vol. XI, p. 256 SERVAZIO, saint. - Bishop of Tongres in the fourth century, commemorated in the Hieronymian Martyrology on 13 May. Praised by St Gregory of Tours as a man of…
ServeVol. XI, p. 256 SERVE. - Common designation for many female religious Congregations, followed by other determining titles. (from J. Braun, Tracht und Attribute der Heiligen in…
Servetus, Michael (Miguel Servet)(SERVETO, MICHELE (MIGUEL SERVET))Vol. XI, p. 258 SERVETO, MICHELE (MIGUEL SERVET). – Antitrinitarian heretic, born probably on 29 April 1511 at Villanueva de Sigena, in Aragon, died at Geneva on 27 October…
Servites of Mary(SERVI DI MARIA)Vol. XI, p. 259 SERVI DI MARIA. — From the Marian movement that, from the beginning of the 13th century, was spreading almost everywhere, at times also under the name of S. di…
Servitude, Predial(SERVITÙ PREDIALE)Vol. XI, p. 260 PREDIAL SERVITUDE. - I. CONCEPT. - It is a burden, a limitation imposed upon a property (servient) for the benefit of another property (dominant), belonging to…
Serédi, György JustinianusVol. XI, p. 243 SERÉDI, GYÖRGY JUSTINIANUS. – Benedictine cardinal and Hungarian jurist, born at Deáki on 23 April 1884, died at Strigonia (Esztergom) on 29 March 1945. Having…
Sessa Aurunca, Diocese of(SESSA AURUNCA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 268 SESSA AURUNCA, DIOCESE of. — City and diocese in the province of Caserta. It has an area of 358 sq. km. and a population of 60,000 inhabitants, all Catholics,…
Sesto al Reghena, Abbey of(SESTO AL RÉGHENA, ABBAZIA DI)Vol. XI, p. 271 SESTO AL RÉGHENA, ABBAZIA di. – S. al R. is a small town (3,500 inhabitants) in the province of Udine, in the diocese of Concordia, from which it is six miles…
Seth (Heb. Šēth)(SETH (EBR. ŠĒTH))Vol. XI, p. 273 SETH (Hebr. Šēth). – Son of Adam, after Cain and Abel, whose name is interpreted by assonance: “God gave me (Jāth, ‘placed’) another son instead of Abel,…
Sethians(SETHIANI)Vol. XI, p. 273 SETHIANI. — Name of a Gnostic sect which, identifying itself with the descendants of Seth (v.) or the Sethites, placed the patriarch Seth at the centre of its…
Seton, Elizabeth Anna(SETON, ELISABETH ANNA)Vol. XI, p. 274 SETON, ELISABETH ANNA. — An eminent founding figure in the United States during the period when the Catholic hierarchy was being established; née Bayley, she…
SettecentoVol. XI, p. 277 SETTECENTO: v. BAROCCA, ARTE; ROCOCÒ.
Settele, GiuseppeVol. XI, p. 279 SETTELE, GIUSEPPE. — Archaeologist and canon of S. Pietro, born in Rome in 1770, died there in 1840. Against his father’s wishes, he devoted himself to study,…
Settembrini, LuigiVol. XI, p. 280 SETTEMBRINI, LUIGI. - Writer, born in Naples on April 17, 1813, died there on Nov. 3, 1876: a protagonist of the insurrectional events against the Bourbons of…
SettimVol. XI, p. 280 SETTIM. — Two biblical localities, so named from the acacias (šittīm; Egyptian šist, later fonte; Assyrian samtu) planted there; not infrequently places were…
Settimo, Ruggero(SETTIMO, RUGGIERO)Vol. XI, p. 286 SETTIMO, RUGGIERO. – Politician who played a significant role in the Italian Risorgimento, b. in Palermo on 19 May 1778, d. in Malta on 2 May 1863. In 1791 he…
Seven(SETTE)Vol. XI, p. 277 SETTE: v. SOCIETÀ PROIBITE, SEGRETE.
Seven Brothers, Saints, Martyrs(SETTE FRATELLI, SANTI, MARTIRI)Vol. XI, p. 279 SETTE FRATELLI, saints, martyrs: v. FELICITA, santa, martire; SINFOROSA, santa.
Seven Founders of the Order of the Servants of Mary, Saints(SETTE FONDATORI DELL'ORDINE DEI SERVI DI MARIA, SANTI)Vol. XI, p. 278 SEVEN FOUNDERS OF THE ORDER OF THE SERVANTS OF MARY, saints. — The precise date of their birth is unknown. Their names, preserved in a list by the historian of…
Seven Maccabee Brothers, Saints(SETTE FRATELLI MACCABEI, SANTI)Vol. XI, p. 279 SETTE FRATELLI MACCABEI, saints. — From the title of the book (II Maccabei), which recounts their martyrdom, this is the name given to seven brothers who,…
Seven Sleepers, Saints(SETTE DORMIENTI, SANTI)Vol. XI, p. 277 SEVEN SLEEPERS, saints. — According to the most widespread legend, a group of young Christians (their number varies from three to eight), during the…
Seven Sorrows of Mary(SETTE DOLORI DI MARIA)Vol. XI, p. 277 SEVEN SORROWS OF MARY See: ADDOLORATA, DEVOZIONE alla.
Seven Years' War(GUERRA DEI SETTE ANNI)Vol. VI, p. 740 GUERRA DEI SETTE ANNI. — After the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, the continental Powers sought to prepare a coalition against Prussia, which Austria regarded as a…
Severano, GiovanniVol. XI, p. 287 SEVERANO, GIOVANNI. - Priest of the Oratory, born at S. Severino Marche (Macerata) in 1562, died in Roma on 26 February 1640; he entered the Congregation of…
Severian(SEVERIANO)Vol. XI, p. 287 SEVERIANO. – Bishop of Gabala, d. after 408, he was one of the principal enemies of Giovanni Crisostomo (Socrates, Hist. eccl., VI, 11; Sozomeno, Hist. eccl.,…
Severinus, Pope(SEVERINO, PAPA)Vol. XI, p. 288 SEVERINO, POPE. – A Roman, son of Abienus, he succeeded Honorius (d. in October 638), but could be consecrated only on 28 May 640. The delay was due to the…
Severoli, Antonio GabrieleVol. XI, p. 294 SEVEROLI, ANTONIO GABRIELE. — Cardinal, born on 28 February 1757 at Faenza, died on 8 September 1824 at Rome. He studied in Rome at the Ecclesiastical Academy,…
Severus(SEVERO)Vol. XI, p. 288 SEVERO. - A Gnostic whom Eusebio (Hist. eccl., IV, 29, 4 ff.) includes in the history of Encratism. Shortly after Taziano, the sect of the Severians is said to…
