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Scaglia, SistoVol. XI, p. 28 SCAGLIA, SISTO. - Reformed Cistercian of La Trappe and Christian archaeologist, b. at Anzola d'Ossola (Novara) on 14 Dec. 1872, d. at Rome on 19 Sept. 1918.…
ScalaVol. XI, p. 28 SCALA. — Town and ancient diocese in the province of Salerno. The diocese was established by Pope Giovanni XV in 987 as a suffragan of Amalfi. Its first bishop…
Scalabrini, Giovanni BattistaVol. XI, p. 28 SCALABRINI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA. – Bishop of Piacenza, founder of the Missionaries of S. Carlo (Scalabrinians) and of the Society of S. Raffaele, born at Fino…
Scalabrini, Giuseppe AntenoreVol. XI, p. 28 SCALABRINI, GIUSEPPE ANTENORE. - Priest, b. at Ferrara on 13 March 1698, d. there on 5 Apr. 1777. Ordained priest in 1724, he was appointed parish priest of S.…
Scaliger, Giulio Cesare(SCALIGERO, GIULIO CESARE)Vol. XI, p. 29 SCALIGERO, GIULIO CESARE. – Philologist, philosopher, and scientist, born at Riva del Garda on 23 April 1484 to the cartographer Benedetto Bordoni, died at…
Scaliger, Giuseppe Giusto(SCALIGERO, GIUSEPPE GIUSTO)Vol. XI, p. 29 GIUSEPPE GIUSTO SCALIGERO. — Philologist, born at Agen on 4 Aug. 1540, died at Leiden on 21 Jan. 1609. Son of the celebrated Giulio Cesare, he adhered to…
Scammacca, ObtensioVol. XI, p. 31 SCAMMACCA, OBTENSIO. – Jesuit, dramatist, born at Lentini in 1562, died at Palermo on 16 February 1648. After studying jurisprudence at Catania and Messina, he…
Scamozzi, VincenzoVol. XI, p. 31 SCAMOZZI, VINCENZO. — Architect and theorist, born in Vicenza in 1552, died in Venice on 7 August 1616. He perfected the instruction received from his father,…
Scanaroli, Giovanni BattistaVol. XI, p. 31 SCANAROLI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA. - An ecclesiastic distinguished for works of charity, born in Modena in 1579, died in Rome on 10 Sept. 1664. He attended the…
Scandal(SCANDALO)Vol. XI, p. 32 SCANDALO. – Here it signifies everything that may constitute a difficulty in the practice of good or serve as a direct incentive to sin, that is, to moral…
ScapigliaturaVol. XI, p. 34 SCAPIGLIATURA. – Italian literary movement whose center was in Milan between 1860 and 1870. It arose as a reaction against the languors and sentimental…
Scapular(SCAPOLARE)Vol. XI, p. 34 SCAPOLARE. — From the Latin scapula = shoulder. An integral part of monastic religious dress, worn over the tunic, consisting of two long strips of cloth…
Scaramelli, Giovanni BattistaVol. XI, p. 34 SCARAMELLI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA. – An ascetic-mystical theologian and Jesuit, born in Rome on 23 November 1687 and died at Macerata on 11 January 1752. At the…
Scarampi (Scarampa), Pier FrancescoVol. XI, p. 35 SCARAMPI (SCARAMPA), PIER FRANCESCO. - Oratorian, b. in 1596 in Monferrato, d. in Rome on (from U. Prota Giurleo, A. S., Naples 1956, frontispiece) SCARLATTI -…
Scarboro Foreign Mission Society(SOCIETÀ PER LE MISSIONI ESTERE DI SCARBORO)Vol. XI, p. 524 SOCIETÀ PER LE MISSIONI ESTERE DI SCARBORO. – It originated in 1918 in the diocese of Ottawa (U. S. A.) through the work of the missionary Giovanni Maria…
Scardination(SCARDINAZIONE)Vol. XI, p. 35 SCARDINAZIONE: v. INCARDINAZIONE.
ScarlattiVol. XI, p. 35 SCARLATTI. — A family of musicians who came to Rome from Sicily (although probably of Tuscan origin), which produced no fewer than 9 musicians; only the works…
Scarpagnino, Abbondi, Antonio detto loVol. XI, p. 36 SCARPAGNINO, ABBONDI, ANTONIO detto lo. – Architect and stonemason, b. in Milan and d. in Venice at a very advanced age in 1549. The first documents concerning…
Scarsellino, Ippolito Scarsella detto lo(SCARSELLINO, IPPOLITO SCARSELLA, DETTO LO)Vol. XI, p. 36 SCARSELLINO, IPPOLITO SCARSELLA, detto lo. – Painter, b. in Ferrara in 1551 and d. there on 27 October 1620. He was instructed in art by his father Sigismondo,…
Scavini, PietroVol. XI, p. 36 SCAVINI, PIETRO. - Moral theologian, born at Intra on 22 Oct. 1791, died at Novara on 17 Nov. 1869. While still a young priest he held the office of vicar…
Scenography(SCENOGRAFIA)Vol. XI, p. 36 SCENOGRAPHY. — Properly speaking, it is the art of painting scenes for theatrical performances; but since it is evident that the unity of a spectacle requires…
Scepusio (Lat. Scepusium, Slov. Špif), Diocese of(SCEPUSIO (LAT. SCEPUSIUM, SLOV. SPIF), DIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 38 SCEPUSIO (lat. Scepusium, slov. Spif), DIOCESE of. — In Czechoslovakia. Residence in Spišská Kapitula. Statistics (1949): area 6,568 sq. km, inhabitants…
Scepusio, Diocese of(SCEPUSIO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 38 SCEPUSIO, DIOCESI di – Cathedral of S. Martino, standing in the center of Spišská Kapitula (13th–14th centuries). At the rear, the castle of S. (13th century).…
Scerbo, FrancescoVol. XI, p. 38 SCERBO, FRANCESCO. – Hebraist, born at Marcellinara (Catanzaro) in 1849, died at Florence in 1927. He entered the Seminary of Nicastro at the age of fourteen;…
Scete (Skete, Sketi, Σκήτη, Σκήτις [Σκήτειος], Σκιαβίς)Vol. XI, p. 38 SCETE (SKETE, SKETI, Σκήτη, Σκήτις [Σκήτειος], Σκιαβίς). — The harshest solitude of the ancient anchorites of Egypt, to the west of the Nitrian desert. It…
Schaefer, ThimotheusVol. XI, p. 41 SCHAEFER, THIMOTHEUS. - Capuchin canonist, b. at Hechingen (Hohenzollern) on 14 Sept. 1877, d. at Rome on 29 Nov. 1948. Having graduated at Rome in utroque…
Schaepman, Hermannus Johannes Aloysius MariaVol. XI, p. 41 SCHAEPMAN, HERMANNUS JOHANNES ALOYSIUS MARIA. - Statesman of the Netherlands, b. at Tubbergen (prov. of Overijssel) on 2 March 1844, d. at Rome on 21 Jan. 1903…
Schall von Bell, Johann AdamVol. XI, p. 42 SCHALL VON BELL, JOHANN ADAM. — Jesuit, missionary in China and astronomer, born in Cologne on 1 May 1592, died in Beijing on 15 August 1666. He entered the…
Schanz, PaulVol. XI, p. 42 SCHANZ, PAUL. - Theologian and apologist, b. at Horb (Württemberg) on 4 March 1841, d. at Tübingen on 1 June 1905. He studied philosophy and theology at the…
Scheeben, Mathias JosephVol. XI, p. 43 SCHEEBEN, MATHIAS JOSEPH. – Theologian, born at Mackenheim (near Bonn) on 1 March 1835, died at Cologne on 21 July 1888. He earned degrees in philosophy and…
Schegg, Peter JohannVol. XI, p. 43 SCHEGG, PETER JOHANN. – Catholic exegete, born on 6 June 1815 at Kaufbeuren in the Allgäu (Bavaria), died in Munich on 9 July 1885. Ordained a priest in 1838…
Scheide, Papiri diVol. XI, p. 44 SCHEIDE, PAPYRI by. – The Greek papyri that the American John H. S. deposited at Princeton University consist of 21 sheets, that is, 42 pages, complete except…
Scheil, Vincent (secular name Jean)(SCHEIL, VINCENT (AL SECOLO JEAN))Vol. XI, p. 44 SCHEIL, VINCENT (in the world JEAN). — Eminent Dominican Assyriologist, born at Königsmachern (Lorraine) on 10 June 1858, died in Paris on 21 September 1940.…
Scheler, MaxVol. XI, p. 44 SCHELER, MAX. – Philosopher, born in Munich on 22 August 1875, died in Frankfurt am Main on 19 May 1928. He first taught as a Privatdozent in Jena and Munich,…
Schell, HermannVol. XI, p. 45 SCHELL, HERMANN.—Catholic theologian and apologist, b. 28 February 1850 in Fribourg (Baden), d. 31 May 1906 in Würzburg. He studied theology in Fribourg and…
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm JosephVol. XI, p. 46 SCHELLING, FRIEDRICH WILHELM JOSEPH. – Philosopher, born in Leonberg (Württemberg) on 21 January 1775, died in Ragaz (Switzerland) on 20 August 1854. After…
Schenk, Eduard vonVol. XI, p. 48 SCHENK, EDUARD von. – Bavarian statesman, born 10 October 1788 in Düsseldorf, died 26 April 1841 in Munich. He studied at the University of Landshut and, under…
Scheppers, Cornelius Victor(SCHEPPERS, CORNELIUS VIKTOR)Vol. XI, p. 48 SCHEPPERS, CORNELIUS VIKTOR. - Founder of the Brothers and Sisters of Our Lady of Mercy, b. at Malines on 25 Apr. 1802, d. there on 7 March 1877. Ordained…
Scherer, Maria TheresiaVol. XI, p. 48 SCHERER, MARIA THERESIA. - In the world Caterina S., co-foundress of the Sisters of Charity of the Holy Cross of Ingenbohl, b. at Meggen (Lucerne) on 30 Oct.…
Scherer, Rudolf Ritter vonVol. XI, p. 48 SCHERER, RUDOLF RITTER von. - Canonist, born at Graz on 11 Aug. 1845, died at Vienna on 21 Dec. 1918. He studied law and, for two years, theology at Graz; in…
Scherer-Boccard, TheodorVol. XI, p. 49 SCHERER-BOCCARD, THEODOR. – Swiss publisher and politician, born on 12 May 1816 at Donach (Solothurn), died on 6 February 1885 at Solothurn. He directed…
Schervier, FranziskaVol. XI, p. 49 SCHERVIER, FRANZISKA. - Foundress of the Poor Sisters of St. Francis, b. at Aachen on 3 Jan. 1819, d. there on 14 Dec. 1876. Of a highly distinguished family,…
Schiaffino, Placido MariaVol. XI, p. 49 SCHIAFFINO, PLACIDO MARIA. — Cardinal, born in Genoa on 5 September 1829, died at Subiaco on 23 September 1889. In 1846 he entered the Benedictine Congregation…
Schiaparelli, ErnestoVol. XI, p. 49 SCHIAPARELLI, ERNESTO. - Egyptologist, b. at Occhieppo Inferiore (Biella) on 12 July 1856, d. at Torino on 17 Feb. 1928. His first work, Del sentimento…
Schiaparelli, Giovanni VirginioVol. XI, p. 49 SCHIAPARELLI, GIOVANNI VIRGINIO. - Astronomer, b. at Savigliano (province of Cuneo) on 14 March 1835, d. at Milano on 4 July 1910. At Savigliano he received…
Schiaparelli, LuigiVol. XI, p. 49 SCHIAPARELLI, LUIGI. — Distinguished scholar of diplomatic and palaeographic disciplines, b. at Cerrione (Biella) on 2 August 1871, d. at Florence on 26…
Schiappoli, DomenicoVol. XI, p. 50 SCHIAPPOLI, DOMENICO. – Jurist, born at S. Biase (Campobasso) on 26 November 1870, died at Naples on 12 May 1945. Lecturer in ecclesiastical law in 1894 at the…
SchiavitùVol. XI, p. 50 SLAVERY. - From the Old German slav, a term applied by the Germans to Slavic peoples taken prisoner by them, and it may be defined as the state of a person who…
Schiavone, Andrea Meldolla detto Io(SCHIAVONE, ANDREA MELDOLLA, DETTO IO)Vol. XI, p. 55 SCHIAVONE, ANDREA MELDOLLA, called Io. – Painter and engraver, born in Zara in the early sixteenth century, died in Venice in 1563. The date of his birth is…
Schierophoria (Σειροφορία)(SCHIROFORIE (ΣΕΙΡΟΦΌΡΙΑ))Vol. XI, p. 58 SCHIROFORIE (Σειροφόρια). — An ancient Athenian festival in honor of Athena Skiras (to whom Demeter and Kore were associated), held to obtain from the goddess…
Schiffini, SantoVol. XI, p. 56 SCHIFFINI, SANTO. — Jesuit, Scholastic philosopher and theologian, b. at S. Domenica (province of Cosenza) on 20 July 1841, d. at Chieri (province of Turin) on…
Schiller, Ferdinand Canning ScottVol. XI, p. 56 SCHILLER, FERDINAND CANNING SCOTT. – Philosopher, born 16 August 1864 in Altona (Germany), died 7 August 1937 in Los Angeles. He taught philosophy at Oxford…
Schiller, FriedrichVol. XI, p. 56 SCHILLER, FRIEDRICH. — German lyric poet and dramatist, born in Marbach, Württemberg, on 10 November 1759, died in Weimar on 9 May 1805. His father served for…
Schilling, Carl HalfdanVol. XI, p. 57 SCHILLING, CARL HALFDAN. - Barnabite, Servant of God, b. at Cristiania on 9 June 1835, d. at Mouscron (Belgium) on 2 Jan. 1907. Converted from Lutheranism…
Schindler, Franz MartinVol. XI, p. 57 SCHINDLER, FRANZ MARTIN. - Austrian sociologist, born at Motzdorf in Bohemia on 25 Jan. 1847, died at Vienna on 27 Oct. 1922. Ordained a priest in 1869, he was…
Schirò, GiuseppeVol. XI, p. 58 SCHIRÒ, GIUSEPPE. – Sicilian-Albanian writer and poet, b. at Piana dei Greci on 10 Aug. 1865 and d. at Naples on 17 Feb. 1927. From his earliest childhood he…
Schism(SCISMA)Vol. XI, p. 88 SCHISM. – Originally, s. (σκίωμα) means a tear or cleft, and hence divergence of opinion or dissent; in particular, a division separating the members of the…
Schizophrenia(SCHIZOFRENIA)Vol. XI, p. 58 SCHIZOPHRENIA. – Under the term “dementia praecox,” Kraepelin (1893) grouped the forms of the so-called “catatonia” of Kahlbaum, Hecker’s “hebephrenia,” and…
Schlatter, AdolfVol. XI, p. 62 SCHLATTER, ADOLF. – Protestant theologian, among the most influential in recent times, characteristic for his manner of reconciling criticism with faith, b. 16…
Schlegel, August Wilhelm vonVol. XI, p. 62 SCHLEGEL, AUGUST WILHELM VON. – German critic, philologist, and poet, b. in Hannover on 5 November 1767, d. in Bonn on 12 May 1845. He first studied theology…
Schlegel, Friedrich vonVol. XI, p. 63 SCHLEGEL, FRIEDRICH von. — Philosopher, born in Hanover on 10 March 1772, died in Dresden on 12 January 1829. He studied philosophy at the Universities of…
Schleiermacher, Friedrich Ernst DanielVol. XI, p. 63 SCHLEIERMACHER, FRIEDRICH ERNST DANIEL. — He is the leading figure of German Romantic theology and the most illustrious representative of the break between…
Schleswig-HolsteinVol. XI, p. 64 SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN. — Former duchy, ceded by Emperor Conrad II to Denmark in 1035 and governed, with the title of dukes, by members of the Danish royal house;…
Schlitpacher, Johann (Giovanni di Weilheim)Vol. XI, p. 64 SCHLITPACHER, JOHANN (GIOVANNI di WEILHEIM). — Benedictine monastic reformer and humanist, born in 1403 at Schongau (Swabia), died in an epidemic on 24 October…
Schlögl, NivardVol. XI, p. 65 SCHLÖGL, NIVARD. — In the world Johannes; an exegete of great gifts and great defects, born on 4 June 1864 in Gaaden (near Mödling, Lower Austria), died in…
Schmalzgrueber, FranzVol. XI, p. 65 SCHMALZGRUEBER, FRANZ. – Canonist, born at Griesbach (Upper Bavaria) on 9 October 1663, died at Dillingen on 7 November 1735. He entered the Society of Jesus…
Schmalzl, MaximilianVol. XI, p. 65 SCHMALZL, MAXIMILIAN. - Painter, lay brother of the Redemptorists, b. at Falkenstein (Bavaria), 7 July 1850; d. in the convent of Gars (Bavaria), 7 Jan. 1930.…
Schmid, Alois vonVol. XI, p. 66 SCHMID, ALOIS von. - Philosopher and theologian, b. 22 Dec. 1825 at Zaumberg bei Immenstadt (Bavaria), d. 16 March 1910 at Munich. Having completed his studies…
Schmid, Christoph vonVol. XI, p. 66 SCHMID, CHRISTOPH von. – Educationalist, born 15 August 1768 in Dinkelsbühl, died 3 September 1854 in Augusta. Sailer’s favorite pupil at Dillingen, he was…
Schmid, FranzVol. XI, p. 66 SCHMID, FRANZ. - Theologian, b. at Trento in 1841, d. at Bressanone in 1922. A student of the Collegio Germanico, he was spiritual director of the major…
Schmidlin, JosephVol. XI, p. 66 SCHMIDLIN, JOSEPH. — Missionologist, born at Kleinlandau (Alsace) on 29 March 1876, died in the Schirmeck concentration camp in 1943. Ordained a priest in…
Schmidt, Anton MariaVol. XI, p. 66 SCHMIDT, ANTON MARIA. – Swiss politician and general of the Canton of Uri, born 9 November 1792, died in 1880. After participating in 1823, with the rank of…
Schmitz, Hermann JosephVol. XI, p. 67 SCHMITZ, HERMANN JOSEPH. - Auxiliary bishop of Cologne, canonist, promoter of the social movement, b. at Cologne on 16 May 1841, d. there on 21 Aug. 1899.…
Schmöger, CarlVol. XI, p. 67 SCHMÖGER, CARL. - Redemptorist writer, b. at Ehingen (Württemberg) on 24 Feb. 1819, d. at Gars on 14 Aug. 1883. Ordained priest in 1842, he entered the…
Schneemann, GerardVol. XI, p. 67 SCHNEEMANN, GERARD. – Jesuit, writer, born at Wesel (Lower Rhine) on 12 February 1829, died at Kerkrade (Dutch Limburg) on 20 November 1885. Having completed…
Schneider, EmilieVol. XI, p. 67 SCHNEIDER, EMILIE. – Of the Congregation of the Daughters of the Holy Cross, in the world Giulia, born at Haaren (near Aquisgrana) on 6 September 1820, died at…
Schneider, GiovanniVol. XI, p. 67 SCHNEIDER, GIOVANNI: V. AGRICOLA, GIOVANNI.
Schneider, JosephVol. XI, p. 67 SCHNEIDER, JOSEPH. - Ascetical writer, b. 5 Sept. 1824 at Friesheim (Germany), d. at Rome on 7 Jan. 1884. In 1852 he entered the Society of Jesus and devoted…
Schola CantorumVol. XI, p. 68 SCHOLA CANTORUM. — This term denotes a rectangular enclosure, often raised one or two steps above the remaining floor, situated in ancient basilicas in the…
Scholastica, Saint(SCOLASTICA, SANTA)Vol. XI, p. 101 SCOLASTICA, santa. — Sister of s. Benedetto (v.), born at Norcia around 480, died near Cassino on 10 February 547 (previously thought to be 543), according to…
Scholasticism(SCHOLASTIK)Vol. XI, p. 68 SCHOLASTIK. - Quarterly periodical of philosophy and theology, founded in 1926 by the Jesuit professors of the Collegio S. Ignazio at Valkenburg (Holland).…
Scholasticism(SCOLASTICA)Vol. XI, p. 91 SCHOLASTICISM. - In its broadest sense, it denotes "medieval philosophy," and, in a more precise meaning, that doctrinal movement which proposes a systematic…
Scholliner, HermannVol. XI, p. 68 SCHOLLINER, HERMANN. – Benedictine theologian, born in Freising on 15 January 1722, died at Welchenberg on 16 July 1795. He became a monk at Oberaltaich…
Schongauer, MartinVol. XI, p. 68 SCHONGAUER, MARTIN. – Painter and engraver, born in Augsburg or Colmar in Alsace between 1435 and 1443, died at Breisach in 1491. In 1465 he was in Leipzig in…
School(SCUOLA)Vol. XI, p. 126 SCHOOL. - An institution born from the impossibility in which families find themselves to provide, on their own, that degree of instruction and culture…
School in Mission Territory(SCUOLA IN TERRITORIO DI MISSIONE)Vol. XI, p. 135 SCHOOL IN MISSION TERRITORY. — The school question assumed greater importance during the modern period of the missions, but certainly not the importance it…
School, Freedom of(SCUOLA, LIBERTÀ DELLA)Vol. XI, p. 136 SCUOLA, LIBERTÀ della. – It is a natural consequence of freedom of teaching (v. INSEGNAMENTO, LIBERTÀ d') and concerns the organization of schools in the hands…
Schopenhauer, ArthurVol. XI, p. 69 SCHOPENHAUER, ARTHUR. – Philosopher, born in Danzig on 22 February 1788, died in Frankfurt am M. on 21 September 1860. Educated in France and England, he spent…
Schorlemer-Alst, Burghard vonVol. XI, p. 71 SCHORLEMER-ALST, BURGHARD von. — German politician, born on 20 October 1825 at Herringhausen near Lippstadt, died on 17 March 1895 at Alst (district of…
Schouvaloff, Agostino MariaVol. XI, p. 71 SCHOUVALOFF, AGOSTINO MARIA – Barnabite, in the world Gregorio Petrovich, born in Petersburg on 25 October 1804 to Count Pietro and Princess Sofia Cherbatoff,…
Schrader, KlemensVol. XI, p. 71 SCHRADER, KLEMENS - Jesuit, theologian, born at Itzum (Hanover) on Nov. 20, 1820, died at Poitiers on Feb. 23, 1875. Having completed his studies at the…
Schram(m), DominikusVol. XI, p. 72 SCHRAM(M), DOMINIKUS. - Benedictine theologian, born at Bamberga on 24 Oct. 1722, died at Banz on 21 Sept. 1797. He made his profession (1743) in the abbey of…
Schreiber, ChristianVol. XI, p. 72 SCHREIBER, CHRISTIAN. - Bishop and theologian, b. 3 Aug. 1872 at Somborn, d. 1 Sept. 1933 at Berlin. Having completed his studies in Rome (1892–99), he taught…
Schrijvers, JosephVol. XI, p. 72 SCHRIJVERS, JOSEPH. - Spiritual writer, b. at Zutendaal (Belgium) on 19 Dec. 1876, he professed among the Redemptorists in 1895, d. at Rome on 4 March 1945. He…
Schröder, AlfredVol. XI, p. 72 SCHRÖDER, ALFRED. - Ecclesiastical historian, born 4 Feb. 1865 at Passavia, died 16 March 1935 at Dillingen. Ordained priest in 1887 and having obtained his…
Schubert, FranzVol. XI, p. 72 SCHUBERT, FRANZ. - Musician, b. 31 Jan. 1797 in Vienna, d. there 19 Nov. 1828. Having completed his first studies with his father, his brother, and M. Holze,…
Schulte, Johann Friedrich von(SCHULTE, JOHANN FRIBDRICH VON)Vol. XI, p. 73 SCHULTE, JOHANN FRIBDRICH von. — Canonist and legal historian, born on 23 April 1827 at Winterberg (Westphalia), died at Merano on 19 December 1914. Having…
Schultes, ReginaldVol. XI, p. 73 SCHULTES, REGINALD. – Dominican theologian, born at Peterzell (canton of S. Gallo, Switzerland) on 11 February 1873, died in Rome on 20 February 1928. From…
Schultze, Gottlob ErnstVol. XI, p. 73 SCHULTZE, GOTTLOB ERNST. – Known by the name of Aenesidemus, German philosopher, born at Heldrungen (Turingia) on 30 August 1761, died at Gottinga on 14…
Schumann, RobertVol. XI, p. 73 SCHUMANN, ROBERT. - Musician, b. at Zwickau on 8 June 1810, d. at Endenich on 29 July 1856. Having begun musical studies in his youth, he added SCHUBERT, FRANZ…
Schupfer, FrancescoVol. XI, p. 74 SCHUPFER, FRANCESCO. - Historian of law, b. at Chioggia on 5 Jan. 1833, d. at Rome on 8 Aug. 1925. Directed towards legal studies by the milieu of Vienna,…
Schwalm, BenoîtVol. XI, p. 74 SCHWALM, BENOÎT. - Dominican theologian and philosopher, born in Nancy on Oct. 15, 1860, died at Pass-Prest (St. Paul du Var) on Nov. 17, 1908. He became a…
Schwane, JosephVol. XI, p. 74 SCHWANE, JOSEPH. - Theologian, b. at Dorsten in Westphalia on 2 April 1824, d. at Münster on 6 June 1891. Ordained priest in 1849, he became a privatdozent in…
Schwartz, EduardVol. XI, p. 74 SCHWARTZ, EDUARD. - Protestant, scholar of ecclesiastical history and philologist, b. at Kiel on 22 Aug. 1858, d. at Munich in Bavaria on 13 Feb. 1940. He was…
Schwarz, WilhelmVol. XI, p. 75 SCHWARZ, WILHELM. – Publicist, born 20 April 1852 in Nordkirchen (Westphalia), died 20 December 1923 in Münster. Ordained a priest in 1878, he resided in Rome…
Schwarzenberg, Family(SCHWARZENBERG, FAMIGLIA)Vol. XI, p. 75 SCHWARZENBERG, FAMIGLIA. — Noble family originating in Franconia, from the same stock as the counts of Seinsheim. In the sixteenth century ADAM (1584–1641)…
Schwetz, Johann BaptistVol. XI, p. 75 SCHWETZ, JOHANN BAPTIST. – Theologian, born in Bosan in Moravia in 1803, died in Vienna in 1890. He taught dogmatic theology at Olmütz and at the University of…
Schynse, August WilhelmVol. XI, p. 75 SCHYNSE, AUGUST WILHELM. – Missionary, born on 21 June 1857 at Wallhausen near Kreuznach; ordained a priest in 1880, he was the first German to join the White…
Schäzler, Konstantin von(SCHÄZLER, KOSTANTIN VON)Vol. XI, p. 43 SCHÄZLER, KOSTANTIN von. — Neo-Thomist theologian, born in Augsburg on 7 May 1827, died at Interlaken on 19 September 1880. Of a noble Protestant family, he…
Schöffler, AgostinoVol. XI, p. 68 SCHÖFFLER, AGOSTINO. – Born on 22 November 1822 at Mittelbronn (Lorraine), died on 1 May 1851 near Son-Tay. In 1842 he entered the Major Seminary of Nancy, and…
Schöffler, Pietro(SCHÖFFER, PIETRO)Vol. XI, p. 68 SCHÖFFER, PIETRO: v. GUTENBERG.
Schönberg (Schomberg, Scomber), Nikolaus vonVol. XI, p. 68 SCHÖNBERG (SCHOMBERG, SCOMBER), NIKOLAUS von. - Dominican cardinal, b. at Meissen on 11 Aug. 1472, d. at Rome between 7 and 10 Aug. 1537. He was prior at…
Schönstatt, Apostolic Movement of(SCHÖNSTATT, MOVIMENTO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. XI, p. 69 SCHÖNSTATT, APOSTOLIC MOVEMENT of. - It arose at the shrine of « Mater Ter Admirabilis » at S., in the diocese of Trier, through the work of Giuseppe…
Schöpfer, AfmilianVol. XI, p. 70 SCHÖPFER, AFMILIAN. — Tyrolean politician and sociologist, b. 29 April 1858 in Bressanone, d. 24 March 1936 in Innsbruck. Ordained a priest in 1880, from 1887…
Schürer, Emil JohannVol. XI, p. 74 SCHÜRER, EMIL JOHANN. – Protestant historian, critic, and theologian of the school of Abricht Ritschl (v.), born in Augsburg on 2 May 1844, died in Göttingen…
Scialoja, VittorioVol. XI, p. 75 SCIALOJA, VITTORIO. – Jurist, born in Turin on 24 April 1856, died in Rome on 19 November 1933. Having graduated from the University of Rome in 1877, after a…
Science(SCIENZA)Vol. XI, p. 79 SCIENCE. – By the term s. (Lat. scientia = knowledge, Gk. ἐπιστήμη) has always been understood a form of knowledge (v.) different from and more perfect than…
Science of Jesus Christ(SCIENZA DI GESÙ CRISTO)Vol. XI, p. 84 SCIENZA DI GESÙ CRISTO: V. PSICOLOGIA DI GESÙ CRISTO.
Science of Nutrition(SCIENZA DELL'ALIMENTAZIONE)Vol. XI, p. 83 NUTRITION SCIENCE. — It is the study of the nutritional needs of humans and, in a broader sense, also of animals and plants, and of the ways in which they may…
Scientism(SCIENTISMO)Vol. XI, p. 79 SCIENTISM. — This is the conception according to which science (v.), as a type of knowledge distinguished from philosophy (v.) as well as from religious faith,…
Scillitan Martyrs, Saints(SCILLITANI, SANTI, MARTIRI)Vol. XI, p. 86 SCILLITANI, saints, martyrs. - They are commemorated in the Hieronymian Martyrology and in the Calendar of Carthage on 17 July. They are considered the…
Scitopolis, John of(GIOVANNI DI SCITOPOLI)Vol. VI, p. 378 GIOVANNI di SCITOPOLI. — Bishop of the sixth century. The first commentator on the pseudo-Areopagite works. Around 530 he wrote against Severus of Antioch and…
Sciò, Filippo(SCIO, FILIPPO)Vol. XI, p. 86 SCIO, FILIPPO. - Piarist bishop and theologian, b. at La Granja (Spain) on 28 Sept. 1738, d. at Valencia on 9 Apr. 1796. Having completed his studies in Rome,…
Sclopis di Salerano, Paolo FedericoVol. XI, p. 91 SCLOPIS di SALERANO, PAOLO FEDERICO. – Italian statesman and jurist, born on 10 January 1798 in Turin, died there on 8 March 1878. After obtaining a degree in…
ScolopiVol. XI, p. 101 SCOLOPI: V. CHIERICI REGOLARI; POVERI DELLA MADRE DI DIO DELLE SCUOLE PIE.
Scolopiae Figlie of Mary(SCOLOPIE FIGLIE DI MARIA)Vol. XI, p. 101 SCOLOPIE FIGLIE DI MARIA. – Founded at Figueras (diocese of Gerona, Spain) in 1829 by Paola Montalt. The Congregation arose under the patronage of s. Giuseppe…
ScongiuroVol. XI, p. 104 SCONGIURO. – In the broad sense, this means the interposition of any higher moral authority, in order to move a person to perform or omit a given action. Thus…
Scopelli, Giovanna, Blessed(SCOPELLI, GIOVANNA, BEATA)Vol. XI, p. 105 SCOPELLI, GIOVANNA, blessed. – Carmelite nun, born in Reggio Emilia in 1428, died in 1491. She took the Carmelite habit, and upon the death of her parents…
Scorpion(SCORPIONE)Vol. XI, p. 106 SCORPIONE. – An arthrogastrous arachnid animal, olive-brown in color; its flat body is equipped with two large chelicerae and a long, articulated abdomen…
ScotellusVol. XI, p. 106 SCOTELLUS: v. PIETRO DELL'AQUILA.
Scotism(SCOTISMO)Vol. XI, p. 106 SCOTISM. – Since the Scotist synthesis is found under the entry Duns Scoto (v. Duns Scoto), here we treat Scotism in the sense of the interpretation and…
Scotland(SCOZIA)Vol. XI, p. 116 SCOTLAND. — I. GEOGRAPHY. — It is the northern part of Great Britain, but retains a distinct individuality of its own, having long constituted a state separate…
Scoto Eriugena, GiovanniVol. XI, p. 113 SCOTO ERIUGENA, GIOVANNI. – Philosopher and theologian, born in Ireland (in Celtic Eriu, also called Scotia Maior; hence, presumably, the twofold appellation)…
Scottish School(SCOZZESE, SCUOLA)Vol. XI, p. 117 SCOZZESE, SCUOLA. — Also called the school of “common sense,” whose leading figure was T. Reid (v.) and, after him, his finest disciple D. Stewart (v.). The…
Scotton, Brothers(SCOTTON, FRATELLI)Vol. XI, p. 115 SCOTTON, BROTHERS. — All three were priests and controversialists who, from their residence in Breganze, waged for more than thirty years sensational polemics…
Scottì Gallarati, Filippo(SCOTTI GALLARATI, FILIPPO)Vol. XI, p. 115 SCOTTI GALLARATI, FILIPPO. - Cardinal, b. in Milano on 25 Feb. 1747, d. at Gualtieri near Orvieto on 7 Oct. 1819. Admitted by Pio VI to the prelature, he was…
Scranton, Diocese of(SCRANTON, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XI, p. 118 SCRANTON, DIOCESI di. — Diocese and city in the State of Pennsylvania (U.S.A.). In 1868 several dioceses were created in the United States. Apostolic…
Scribe (Heb. Sôphêr, pl. Sôphêrîm; Gr. Γραμματεύς)(SCRIBA (EBR. SÔPHÊR, PLUR. SÔPHÊRÎM, GR. ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΕΌΣ))Vol. XI, p. 118 SCRIBA (Heb. sôphêr, plur. sôphêrîm, Gk. γραμματεός). — I. In the sense of “writer, copyist, secretary,” there were “scribes” in Israel from the time of David…
ScriniariiVol. XI, p. 119 SCRINIARII. - From the Latin scrinium (= casket), which properly denoted a cabinet in which precious objects and documents were kept, and later came to mean…
ScriptoriumVol. XI, p. 119 SCRIPTORIUM. — According to Isidore (Orig., VI, 9, 2), it is the stylus used to impress marks on wax; but in medieval terminology it denoted the base upon…
Scripture(SCRITTURA)Vol. XI, p. 121 WRITING. — The invention of writing occupies an eminent place in the development of human civilization: through it, man succeeded in materially fixing…
Scruple(SCRUPOLO)Vol. XI, p. 121 SCRUPOLO. – It is the groundless apprehension that there is sin where there is none. Hence an individual is called scrupulous when he remains durably unable to…
Scrutiny(SCRUTINIO)Vol. XI, p. 123 SCRUTINIO: V. CATECUMENATO E CATECUMENO; INVESTIGAZIONE.
Sculpture(SCULTURA)Vol. XI, p. 123 SCULTURA. — Properly speaking, it is the art of bringing out the forms of figures and objects in any material, either in the round or in relation to a…
Scupoli, LorenzoVol. XI, p. 138 SCUPOLI, LORENZO. — Theatinate ascetical writer, b. at Otranto ca. 1530, d. at Naples on 28 November 1610. Having entered the Theatines of S. Paolo Maggiore in…
Scurati, GiacomoVol. XI, p. 138 SCURATI, GIACOMO. - Second Superior General of the Institute of Foreign Missions of Milan, born in Milan on Feb. 25, 1831, died there on May 31, 1901. Ordained…
