Paul gives an account to Agrippa of his life, conversion and calling.
In that honorable Audience being permitted to speake, 2 he declareth to the king vvhat he first vvas, 1• and hovv miraculously he vvas conuerted, 19 and that he hath preached sinne, as he vvas commaunded from heauen, and as the Prophets had foretold of Christ. 24 Which strange tale Festus the Heathen President hearing, saith that he is mad. 25 But he ansvvereth, and exhorteth them al to be Christians as he is. •0 They finally pronounce that he might be set at libertie, but only for his appeale.
1Then Agrippa said to Paul: Thou art permitted to speak for thyself. Then Paul, stretching forth his hand, began to make his answer.Agrippa perciò disse a Paolo: Ti è permesso di parlare per te stesso. Allora Paolo stesa la mano principiò a far sua difesa.BVT Agrippa said to Paul, Thou art permitted to speake for thy self. Then Paul stretching forth his hand, began to make his ansvver.Agrippa vero ad Paulum ait: Permittitur tibi loqui pro temetipso. Tunc Paulus extenta manu cœpit rationem reddere: 2I think myself happy, O king Agrippa, that I am to answer for myself this day before thee, touching all the things whereof I am accused by the Jews.Io mi stimo fortunato, o re Agrippa, perché sono per dir mia ragione quest'oggi alla tua presenza su tutti i capi, ond'io sono accusato da' Giudei,Touching al things vvhereof I am accused of the Ievves, king Agrippa, I account my self happie for that I am to defend my self this day before thee,De omnibus quibus accusor a Judæis, rex Agrippa, æstimo me beatum apud te cum sim defensurus me hodie, 3Especially as thou knowest all, both customs and questions, that are among the Jews. Wherefore I beseech thee to hear me patiently.Massimamente essendo tu conoscitore di tutte le consuetudini, e quistioni, che sono tra gli Ebrei; per la qual cosa ti prego di udirmi pazientemente.especially vvhereas thou knovvest al things that are among the Ievves, customes and questions: for the vvhich cause I beseeche thee, heare me patiently.maxime te sciente omnia, et quæ apud Judæos sunt consuetudines et quæstiones: propter quod obsecro patienter me audias. 4And my life indeed from my youth, which was from the beginning among my own nation in Jerusalem, all the Jews do know:E quanto alla vita, ch'io ho menato dalla gioventù tra que' della mia nazione in Gerusalemme fino da principio, ella è nota a tutti i Giudei:And my life truely from my youth, vvhich vvas from the beginning in my nation in Hierusalem, al the Ievves doe knovv:Et quidem vitam meam a juventute, quæ ab initio fuit in gente mea in Jerosolymis, noverunt omnes Judæi: 5Having known me from the beginning (if they will give testimony) that according to the most sure sect of our religion I lived, a Pharisee.I quali (se render voglion testimonianza) prima d'ora hanno saputo, com' io da prima secondo la più sicura setta della nostra religione vissi Fariseo.knovving me before from the beginning (if they vvil giue testimonie) that according to the most sure secte of our religion I liued a Pharisee.præscientes me ab initio (si velint testimonium perhibere) quoniam secundum certissimam sectam nostræ religionis vixi pharisæus.
6And now for the hope of the promise that was made by God to the fathers, do I stand subject to judgment:Ora poi per la speranza della promessa fatta da Dio ai padri nostri sto qual reo in giudizio:And novv for the hope of the promisse that vvas made of God to our fathers, doe I stand subiect to iudgement.Et nunc, in spe quæ ad patres nostros repromissionis facta est a Deo, sto judicio subjectus: 7Unto which, our twelve tribes, serving night and day, hope to come. For which hope, O king, I am accused by the Jews.Alla quale (promessa) le dodici nostre tribù, servendo notte, e giorno a Dio, sperano di arrivare. Per cagione di questa speranza sono io accusato da' Giudei, o re.the vvhich, our tvvelue tribes seruing night and day, hope to come vnto. Of the vvhich hope, o king, I am accused of the Ievves.in quam duodecim tribus nostræ nocte ac die deservientes, sperant devenire. De qua spe accusor a Judæis, rex. 8Why should it be thought a thing incredible that God should raise the dead?Come incredibil cosa si giudica da voi, che Dio risusciti i morti?Vvhat incredible thing is it iudged vvith you, if God raise the dead?Quid incredibile judicatur apud vos, si Deus mortuos suscitat ? 9And I indeed did formerly think that I ought to do many things contrary to the name of Jesus of Nazareth.E quanto a me io mi era messo in cuore di dover fare da nemico molte cose contro il nome di Gesù Nazareno:And my self truely had thought that I ought to doe against the name of IESVS of Nazareth many contrarie things.Et ego quidem existimaveram me adversus nomen Jesu Nazareni debere multa contraria agere, 10Which also I did at Jerusalem: and many of the saints did I shut up in prison, having received authority of the chief priests. And when they were put to death, I brought the sentence.Come anche feci in Gerusalemme, e molti de' Santi io chiusi nelle prigioni, avutone il potere dai principi de' sacerdoti: e quando erano uccisi, io diedi il mio voto.Vvhich also I did at Hierusalem, and many of the saincts did I shut vp in prisons, hauing receiued authoritie of the cheefe priests: and vvhen they vvere put to death, I brought the sentence.quod et feci Jerosolymis, et multos sanctorum ego in carceribus inclusi, a principibus sacerdotum potestate accepta: et cum occiderentur, detuli sententiam. 11And oftentimes punishing them, in every synagogue, I compelled them to blaspheme: and being yet more mad against them, I persecuted them even unto foreign cities.E per tutte le sinagoghe spesse volte a forza di castighi li costringeva a bestemmiare: e sempre pia infuriando contro di essi, li perseguitava anche per le città di fuora.And through out al the synagogs often times punishing them, I cōpelled them to blaspheme: and yet more mad against them, I persecuted them euen vnto foraine cities.Et per omnes synagogas frequenter puniens eos, compellebam blasphemare: et amplius insaniens in eos, persequebar usque in exteras civitates.
12Whereupon, when I was going to Damascus with authority and permission of the chief priest,Tra le quali cose essendo io andato in Damasco con potestà, e per commissione de' principi de' sacerdoti,Among vvhich things vvhiles I vvent to Damascus vvith authoritie and permission of the cheefe priests,In quibus dum irem Damascum cum potestate et permissu principum sacerdotum, 13At midday, O king, I saw in the way a light from heaven, above the brightness of the sun, shining round about me and them that were in company with me.Di mezzogiorno vidi, o re, nella strada una luce del cielo più splendente del sole lampeggiare intorno a me, e a que', ch'erano meco,at midday, in the vvay, I savv (o king) from heauen a light to haue shined round about me and them that vvere in companie vvith me, aboue the brightnes of the sunne.die media in via vidi, rex, de cælo supra splendorem solis circumfulsisse me lumen, et eos qui mecum simul erant. 14And when we were all fallen down on the ground, I heard a voice speaking to me in the Hebrew tongue: Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me? It is hard for thee to kick against the goad.Ed essendo noi tutti caduti per terra, udii una voce, che a me diceva in Ebreo: Saulo, Saulo perché mi perseguiti? Dura cosa è per te il ricalcitrare contro il pungolo.And vvhen al vve vvere fallen dovvne on the ground, I heard a voice speaking to me in the Hebrew tongue: Saul, Saul, vvhy persecurest thou me? It is hard for thee to kicke against the pricke.Omnesque nos cum decidissemus in terram, audivi vocem loquentem mihi hebraica lingua: Saule, Saule, quid me persequeris ? durum est tibi contra stimulum calcitrare. 15And I said: Who art thou, Lord? And the Lord answered: I am Jesus whom thou persecutest.Allora io risposi: Chi se' tu, o Signore? E quegli disse: io sono Gesù, cui tu perseguiti.And I said, Vvho art thou Lord? And our Lord ansvvered, I am IESVS vvhom thou doest persecure.Ego autem dixi: Quis es, domine ? Dominus autem dixit: Ego sum Jesus, quem tu persequeris. 16But rise up and stand upon thy feet: for to this end have I appeared to thee, that I may make thee a minister and a witness of those things which thou hast seen and of those things wherein I will appear to thee,Ma levati su, e sta' ritto su' tuoi piedi: Imperocché a questo fine ti sono apparito per costituirti ministro, e testimone delle cose, che hai vedute, e di di quelle, per le quali ti apparirò,But rise vp and stand vpon thy feete: for to this end haue I appeared to thee, that I may ordaine thee a minister and vvitnes of those things vvhich thou hast seen, and of those things vvherein I vvil appeare to thee,Sed exsurge, et sta super pedes tuos: ad hoc enim apparui tibi, ut constituam te ministrum, et testem eorum quæ vidisti, et eorum quibus apparebo tibi, 17Delivering thee from the people and from the nations unto which now I send thee:E ti libererò da questo popolo, e da' Gentili, tra i quali ora ti mandodeliuering thee out of the peoples & natiōs vnto the vvhich novv I send thee,eripiens te de populo et gentibus, in quas nunc ego mitto te,
18To open their eyes, that they may be converted from darkness to light and from the power of Satan to God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins and a lot among the saints, by the faith that is in me.Ad aprile i loro occhi, affinchè si convertano dalle tenebre alla luce, e dalla podestà di Satana a Dio, affinchè ricevano la remissione de' peccati, e l'eredità trai Santi, mediante la fede, che è in me.to opē their eies, that they may be conuerted from darkenes to light, and from the povver of Satan to God, that they may receiue remission of sinnes and lot among the saincts by the faith that is in me.aperire oculos eorum, ut convertantur a tenebris ad lucem, et de potestate Satanæ ad Deum, ut accipiant remissionem peccatorum, et sortem inter sanctos, per fidem quæ est in me. 19Whereupon, O king Agrippa, I was not incredulous to the heavenly vision.Per la qual cosa, o re Agrippa non fui ribelle alla celeste visione:Vvherevpon, king Agrippa, I vvas not incredulous to the heauenly vision:Unde, rex Agrippa, non fui incredulus cælesti visioni: 20But to them first that are at Damascus and at Jerusalem, and unto all the country of Judea, and to the Gentiles did I preach, that they should do penance and turn to God, doing works worthy of penance.Ma primieramente a quelli, che sono in Damasco, e in Gerusalemme, e per tutto il paese della Giudea, di poi anche alle genti predicava, che si pentissero, e si convenissero a Dio, e facessero degne opere di penitenza.but to them first that are at Damascus, and at Hierusalem, and vnto al the countrie of levvrie, and to the Gentiles did I preach that they should doe penāce, and turne to God, doing vvorkes vvorthie of penance.sed his qui sunt Damasci primum, et Jerosolymis, et in omnem regionem Judææ, et gentibus, annuntiabam, ut pœnitentiam agerent, et converterentur ad Deum, digna pœnitentiæ opera facientes. 21For this cause, the Jews, when I was in the temple, having apprehended me, went about to kill me.Per questa cagione i Giudei avendomi preso nel tempio, tentavano di uccidermi.For this cause the Ievves, vvhen I vvas in the temple, apprehending me, attēpted meaning to kil me.Hac ex causa me Judæi, cum essem in templo, comprehensum tentabant interficere. 22But being aided by the help of God, I stand unto this day, witnessing both to small and great, saying no other thing than those which the prophets and Moses did say should come to pass:Ma sostenuto dall'aiuto divino, ho perseverato sino a questo giorno, insegnando ai piccoli, e ai grandi, niun'altra cosa dicendo fuori di quello, che i profeti, e Mosè hanno detto dover succedere,But aided by the help of God, I stand vntil this day, testifying to small and to great, saying nothing beside those things vvhich the Prophets did speake should come to passe, & Moyses,Auxilio autem adjutus Dei usque in hodiernum diem, sto, testificans minori atque majori, nihil extra dicens quam ea quæ prophetæ locuti sunt futura esse, et Moyses,
23That Christ should suffer and that he should be the first that should rise from the dead and should shew light to the people and to the Gentiles.Che il Cristo dovea patire, che essendo egli il primo a risorger da morte, annunziar dee la luce a questo popolo, e alle nazioni.if CHRIST vvere passible, if the first of the resurrection from the dead, he vvere to shevv light to the people and to the Gentiles.si passibilis Christus, si primus ex resurrectione mortuorum, lumen annuntiaturus est populo et gentibus. 24As he spoke these things and made his answer, Festus said with a loud voice: Paul, thou art beside thyself: much learning doth make thee mad.Tali cose dicendo egli in sua difesa. Pesto ad alta voce disse: Tu se' impazzito, o Paolo: la molta dottrina ti fa dare in pazzie.As he spake these things made his ansvver, Festus vvith a loud voice said, Thou art mad, Paul: much learning turneth thee to madnesse.Hæc loquente eo, et rationem reddente, Festus magna voce dixit: Insanis, Paule: multæ te litteræ ad insaniam convertunt. 25And Paul said: I am not mad, most excellent Festus, but I speak words of truth and soberness.Ma Paolo: Non son pazzo, disse, o ottimo Festo, ma proferisco parole di verità, e di saggezza.And Paul said, I am not mad, most excellent Festus: but I speake vvordes of veritie and so brietie.Et Paulus: Non insanio, inquit, optime Feste, sed veritatis et sobrietatis verba loquor. 26For the king knoweth of these things, to whom also I speak with confidence. For I am persuaded that none of these things are hidden from him. For neither was any of these things done in a corner.Imperocché sono note queste cose al re, dinanzi a cui liberamente ragiono: dacché niuna di queste cose credo nascosta a lui. Conciossiachè niente di questo è stato fatto in un cantone.for the king knovveth of these things, to vvhom also I speake constantly for I thinke none, of these things to be vnknovven to him. For neither vvas any of these things done in a corner.Scit enim de his rex, ad quem et constanter loquor: latere enim eum nihil horum arbitror. Neque enim in angulo quidquam horum gestum est. 27Believest thou the prophets, O king Agrippa? I know that thou believest.Credi tu, o re Agrippa, ai profeti? So, che tu credi.Beleeuest thou the prophets, king Agrippa? I knovv that thou beleeuest,Credis, rex Agrippa, prophetis ? Scio quia credis. 28And Agrippa said to Paul: In a little thou persuadest me to become a Christian.Ma Agrippa disse a Paolo: Quasi quasi mi persuadi a diventar Cristiano.And Agrippa said to Paul: A litle thou persuadest me to become a CHRISTIAN.Agrippa autem ad Paulum: In modico suades me christianum fieri.
29And Paul said: I would to God that both in a little and in much, not only thou, but also all that hear me this day, should become such as I also am, except these bands.E Paolo: Bramo da Dio, che o quasi, o senza quasi non solamente tu, ma anche tutti que', che mi ascoltano, diventiate oggi quale son io, eccettuate queste catene.And Paul said, I vvish of God, both in litle, and in much, not only thee, but also al that heare this day, to become such as I am also, except these bandes.Et Paulus: Opto apud Deum, et in modico et in magno, non tantum te, sed etiam omnes qui audiunt hodie fieri tales, qualis et ego sum, exceptis vinculis his. 30And the king rose up, and the governor and Bernice and they that sat with them.E si alzò il re, e il preside, e Berenice, e quelli, che sedevano con essi.And the king rose vp, and the President, and Bernice, and they that sate by them.Et exsurrexit rex, et præses, et Bernice, et qui assidebant eis. 31And when they were gone aside, they spoke among themselves, saying: This man hath done nothing worthy of death or of bands.E ritiratisi in disparte, discorrevan tra loro, dicendo: Quest'uomo non ha fatto cosa, che meriti morte, o prigionia.And going a side, they spake among them selues, saying, That this man hath done nothing vvorthie of death or bandes.Et cum secessissent, loquebantur ad invicem, dicentes: Quia nihil morte aut vinculis dignum quid fecit homo iste. 32And Agrippa said to Festus: This man might have been set at liberty, if he had not appealed to Caesar.E Agrippa disse a Festo: Quest'uomo poteva essere liberato, se non avesse appellato a Cesare.And Agrippa said to Festus, This man might be released, if he had not appealed to Caesar.Agrippa autem Festo dixit: Dimitti poterat homo hic, si non appellasset Cæsarem.
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about the year A.D. 60.
Calmet
St. Paul having obtained liberty of speaking, stretches out his right hand, disengaged from his cloak. We must recollect that St. Paul still bore his chains about him, those chains in which he gloried; (ver. 26.) it is therefore necessary to suppose that his left hand only was tied; or, what is less likely, that these chains were not so tight nor heavy as to hinder the easy motion of the right. It is observed by Apuleius, that orators in this action closed the two shorter fingers, and had the others extended. (Calmet)
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Witham
According to the most sure sect.[Ver. 5. Certissimam, akribestaten, accuratissimam.] In the Greek, the most exact or approved: for such was esteemed that of the Pharisees. (Witham)
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Witham
For the hope of the promise. That is, of the promised Messias, and of salvation by him. (Witham)
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St. Gregory
He speaks now to the Sadducees, who denied the resurrection. Can you say it is impossible for Him, whom you all allow to be omnipotent, to raise any of the dead to life? Is it not easier to reanimate a body, whose parts are dissolved by death, than create what had no existence? "And why should He, who daily form the corrupted seed brings forth plants, leaves, wood, not be able to call back into their primitive state the flesh and bones from the dust into which they have been dissolved." (St. Gregory, hom. xxvi. in Evang.)
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I brought the sentence.[Ver. 10. Ego sententiam detuli, katenegka psephon, calculum, suffragium. It was the custom for judges to give their votes either by taking up a white or a black stone: that it, a white stone, if the persons judged were found not guilty, and a black stone, if guilty: so Ovid, Mos erat antiquis niveis, atrisque lapillis, His damnare reos, illis absolvere culpa.
Witham
So that psephos was a lapillus, or a little stone made use of in giving sentence, and from thence taken for the sentence itself.] That is, from those who in the great council were judges of life and death, to those officers who were to put the sentence in execution. This seems to be the sense of these words, rather than, I voted, or gave my voice in condemning them; for we have no grounds to think St. Paul was one of the council, or of the judges. (Witham)
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Bible de Vence
It is generally supposed that St. Paul addresses king Agrippa in the Greek language, which was the common tongue of a great part of the East. (Bible de Vence)
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Witham
Wherein I will appear to thee. From whence interpreters take notice, that Christ divers times appeared to St. Paul to reveal things to him. (Witham)
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Witham
That Christ should suffer, etc. Literally, if Christ be passible. If, here is expounded not as implying a condition, but as an affirmation; so that the sense is, that Christ, according to the predictions of the prophets, was to suffer, was to be the first that should rise from the dead, etc. (Witham)
Calmet
First, etc. Many had been raised from the dead before Jesus; the child of the widow of Sarepta, Lazarus, and others. How, then, is Jesus first? He is the first who rises not to die again; and as such the Messias is always represented by the prophets. Others were raised from the dead, but returned again to their graves. Jesus dies no more. He is the first too who raises himself. (Calmet)
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It is not surprising that Festus should have taken St. Paul for a madman. The resurrection of the dead, remission of sins, receiving baptism, and faith, announcing light to the nations, etc. were subjects completely unintelligible to a Roman. To a Jew the terms were customary and common. The eloquence and manner in which he spoke on these subjects, might shew him to be a man of great learning.
26:28
Witham
In a little thou persuadest me to become a Christian. According to the common exposition, Agrippa speaks in a jest, and ironically; and as for the words, they are the same as, thou almost persuadest me, etc. (Witham)
26:29
Witham
Except these chains. That is, I heartily wish all men in the same condition as myself, not only to be prisoners as I am, but to be Christians, as I am. (Witham)
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〈Greek〉
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inquā
〈Greek〉
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Concordance Act. 8, 3.
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detuli sententi••.
26:11
Concordance Act. 9, 3.
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Concordance Act. 9, 20.
Penāce often inculcated, and vvorkes agreable to the same.
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Concordance Act. 21, 30.
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St John Chrysostom † AD 407 Concerning Lowliness of Mind 13
… If we have thus persuaded ourselves; and with a soul deeply pained and fervent, and thoroughly roused purpose; and such as that with which the woman of Chanaan approached, we too come to him, even if we be dogs; even if we have done anything whatever dreadful; we shall both rebut our own crimes, and obtain so great liberty of speech
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 52
… “Therefore I have brought him forth,” he says, “before you. For it seemeth to me unreasonable to send a prisoner, and not withal to signify the crime laid against him.” Such were the great straits into which the Jews brought themselves and their rulers! What then? “Agrippa said to Paul, Thou art permitted to speak for thyself.” (
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St Athanasius of Alexandria † AD 373 Apology to the Emperor. (Apologia Ad Constantium.) 1
1. Knowing that you have been a Christian for many years
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 52
… “Then Paul stretched forth the hand, and answered for himself. I think myself happy, king Agrippa, because I shall answer for myself this day before thee touching all the things whereof I am accused of the Jews. Especially because I know thee to be expert in all questions which are among the Jews: wherefore I beseech thee to hear me patiently.” (
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 Homilies on First Corinthians 33
[7.] And that thou mayest clearly know how great a thing this is, hear how even Paul, going before an unbelieving judge, made his defence. “I think myself happy,” saith he, “That I am to make my defence before thee.” (
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 Homilies on Colossians 11
… Seest thou not Paul, how submissive he is, where he was not likely to harm the Preaching. For hear him saying to Agrippa, “I think myself happy, because I shall answer for myself this day before thee, especially because I know thee to be expert in all customs and questions which are among the Jews.” (
St Jerome † AD 420 The Letters of St. Jerome 57.1
… “I think myself happy, King Agrippa, because I shall answer for myself this day before thee touching all the things whereof I am accused by the Jews: especially because thou art expert in all customs and questions which are among the Jews.”
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St John Chrysostom † AD 407 A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 52
… “My manner of life from my youth, which was at the first among mine own nation at Jerusalem, know all the Jews: which knew me from the beginning, if they would testify, that after the most straitest sect of our religion I lived a Pharisee.” (
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St John Chrysostom † AD 407 A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 52
… “And now I stand and am judged for the hope of the promise made of God unto our fathers: unto which promise our twelve tribes, instantly serving God day and night, hope to come. For which hope’s sake, king Agrippa, I am accused of the Jews. Why should it be thought a thing incredible with you, that God should raise the dead?” (
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St John Chrysostom † AD 407 A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 25
… 26 .) Verily this is the reason why it was there they were appointed to be called Christians, because Paul there spent so long time! “And it came to pass, that a whole year they assembled themselves with the Church, and taught much people. And the disciples were first called Christians at Antioch.”
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St John Chrysostom † AD 407 A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 52
… delivering thee from the people, and from the Gentiles, unto whom now I send thee, to open their eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins (
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John Cassian † AD 435 The Seven Books of John Cassian on the Incarnation of the Lord, Against Nestorius 3.6
… And when we were all fallen down to the ground, I heard a voice saying unto me in the Hebrew tongue, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou Me? It is hard for thee to kick against the goad. And I said, Who art Thou, Lord? And the Lord said to me: I am Jesus of Nazareth, whom thou persecutest.”
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St Ephrem the Syrian † AD 373 Ephraim Syrus: Three Homilies 1.27
27. For I saw a light from heaven that excelled the sun, and its light shone upon me .
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St Ignatius of Antioch † AD 108 Epistle to the Philadelphians: Shorter and Longer Versions 8
… My authentic archives are His cross, and death, and resurrection, and the faith which bears on these things, by which I desire, through your prayers, to be justified. He who disbelieves the Gospel disbelieves everything along with it. For the archives ought not to be preferred to the Spirit. “It is hard to kick against the pricks;”
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St Irenaeus of Lyons † AD 202 Against Heresies 3.15.1
… or else, if they do receive all these, they must necessarily admit also that testimony concerning Paul, when he (Luke) tells us that the Lord spoke at first to him from heaven: “Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou Me? I am Jesus Christ, whom thou persecutest;”
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 19
… Had they heard the other Voice, they would not have believed; but perceiving Paul answering (some person), they marvelled. “But arise, and go into the city, and it shall be told thee what thou must do.” ( v. 6 .) Observe, how He does not immediately add all, but first softens his mind. In the same way He called the disciples also a second time.
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St Basil the Great † AD 379 De Spiritu Sancto 8
… The apostle, it is true, says, “In all these things we are more than conquerors through him that loved us.” But in a phrase of this kind there is no suggestion of any lowly and subordinate ministry,
St Ambrose of Milan † AD 397 On the Holy Spirit 3.22
… Wherefore the Lord says: “For to this end I have appeared unto thee, to appoint thee a minister and a witness of the things wherein thou hast seen Me, and of the things wherein thou shalt see Me.”
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 52
… for the prophets, he says, say this. Therefore receive ye also the rest. Since he has mentioned the vision, he then without fear goes on to speak also of the good wrought by it. “To turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God. For to this end have I appeared unto thee” (
St Augustine of Hippo † AD 430 On the Holy Trinity 13.15
… delivering thee from the people, and from the Gentiles, unto whom now I send thee, to open the eyes of the blind, and to turn them from darkness [to light], and from the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins, and inheritance among them which are sanctified, and faith that is in me.”
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Tertullian † AD 220 An Answer to the Jews 13
… whence the People, which was perishing of thirst in the desert, drank and revived; just as we do, who, drawn out from the calamities of the heathendom in which we were tarrying perishing with thirst (that is, deprived of the divine word), drinking, “by the faith which is on Him,”
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 52
… delivering thee from the people, and from the Gentiles, unto whom now I send thee, to open their eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins ( v. 9–18 ):—observe
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St John Chrysostom † AD 407 A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 52
… “Whereupon, O king Agrippa, I was not disobedient unto the heavenly vision: but showed first unto them of Damascus, and at Jerusalem, and throughout all the coasts of Judea, and then to the Gentiles, that they should repent and turn to God, and do works meet for repentance.” (
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St John Chrysostom † AD 407 A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 52
… “For these causes the Jews caught me in the temple, and went about to kill me. Having therefore obtained help of God, I continue unto this day, witnessing both to small and great, saying none other things than those which the prophets and Moses did say should come.” (
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Tertullian † AD 220 On the Resurrection of the Flesh 39
… That belief, therefore, in the resurrection which he would not appear to impair, he really confirmed in the opinion of the Pharisees, since he rejected the views of the Sadducees, who denied it. In like manner, before Agrippa also, he says that he was advancing “none other things than those which the prophets had announced.”
St Ambrose of Milan † AD 397 On the Duties of the Clergy 2.10
53. What women are blessed but those of whom it is said “that many hear the word of God and bring forth fruit”? And again: “Whosoever doeth the word of God is My father and sister and mother.” And who are those blessed servants, who stand before Him, but Paul, who said: “Even to this day I stand witnessing both to great and small;”
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 52
… Whereupon, O king Agrippa,” etc. ( v. 19, 20 .) He not only exhorts them to repent, but also to show forth a life worthy of admiration. And see how everywhere the Gentiles are admitted into connection with the people (Israel): for those who were present were of the Gentiles. “Testifying,” he says, “both to great and small,” (
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St Ignatius of Antioch † AD 108 Epistle to the Tarsians 3
… and was as truly crucified. For, says he, “God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of the Lord Jesus.” And He really suffered, and died, and rose again. For says [Paul], “If Christ should become passible, and should be the first to rise again from the dead.”
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 52
… Then his boldness—but neither do I now desist: and the sure grounds—for it is from the prophets that I urge the question, “Whether the Christ was to suffer:” then the Resurrection and the promise, “Whether He, as the first to rise from the dead, should show light unto the people and to the Gentiles.” (
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St John Chrysostom † AD 407 A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 52
… 23 .) Festus saw the boldness, and what says he? For Paul was all along addressing himself to the king—he was in a manner annoyed, and says to him, “Thou art beside thyself, Paul:” for, “while he thus discoursed, Festus said with a loud voice, Paul, thou art beside thyself: much learning doth make thee mad.” (
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 53
See how again also they pass sentence in his favor, and after having said, “Thou art beside thyself,” (
St Jerome † AD 420 Jerome's Apology for Himself Against the Books of Rufinus 1.17
“Paul thou art beside thyself; much learning doth make thee mad.”
St Jerome † AD 420 The Letters of St. Jerome 27.1
… Let them charge the great apostle with want of literary skill, although it is said of him that much learning made him mad.
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Constantine the Great † AD 337 The Oration of Constantine 6
… if, therefore, fate itself be a law, it must be a law devised by God. All things, therefore, are subject to God, and nothing is beyond the sphere of his power. If it be said that fate is the will of God, and is so considered, we admit the fact. But in what respect do justice, or self-control,
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 52
… much learning doth make thee mad.” ( v. 24 .) What then says Paul? With gentleness, “I am not mad,” says he, “most noble Festus; but speak forth the words of truth and soberness.” (
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Tertullian † AD 220 Ad Nationes appendix-a-fragment-concerning
… the son, again, whom they believe the mightier god, knows not that the father whom himself had banished is lurking in Italy. If he was in heaven, when would he not see what was doing in Italy? For the Italian land is “not in a corner.”
St Athanasius of Alexandria † AD 373 On the Incarnation of the Word 22
But even if, without any disease and without any pain, He had hidden His body away privily and by Himself “in
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 52
… but speak forth the words of truth and soberness.” ( v. 25 .) Then too he gives him to understand why, turning from him, he addressed his speech to the king: “For the king knoweth of these things, before whom also I speak freely: for I am persuaded that none of these things are hidden from him: for this thing was not done in a corner.” (
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St John Chrysostom † AD 407 A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 52
… 26 .) He shows, that (the king) knows all perfectly; at the same time, all but saying to the Jews, And ye indeed ought to have known these things—for this is the meaning of that which he adds, “For this thing was not done in a corner. And Agrippa, said to Paul, ᾽Εν ὀλίγῳ thou persuadest me to be a Christian.” What is ἐν ὀλίγῳ ?
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St Cyril of Jerusalem † AD 386 The Catechetical Lectures of S. Cyril 17.31
… And when brought to Cesarea, and set amid tribunals of justice, at one time before Felix, and at another before Festus the governor and King Agrippa, Paul obtained of the Holy Ghost grace so great, and triumphant in wisdom, that at last Agrippa himself the king of the Jews said, Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 Two Homilies on Eutropius 2.14
… and Paul stood alone. How did he escape being overwhelmed, or torn in pieces? How could he open his mouth? He entered the Thebaid, and made captives of men, He entered the royal palace, and made a disciple of the king. He entered the hall of judgment, and the judge saith to him “almost thou persuadest me to become a Christian,”
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 The Homilies on the Statues to the People of Antioch 16.7
… when they have fallen into dangers, they do not consider how they may be delivered from dangers, but strive every way how they may capture their persecutors. Just so did it then happen. He came in to defend himself, and he departed taking the judge with him! And to this the judge bore witness, saying, “Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian.”
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 The Homilies on the Statues to the People of Antioch 16.9
… It flutters eagerly after worldly show. It loves a glory that is present. Should he hear at once, even from the first, that if he becomes a Christian he will become immediately a prisoner, and will be encompassed with a chain; feeling ashamed and indignant, he will recoil from the word preached. Therefore, saith he, “Except these bonds.”
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 52
… “Within a little, παρὰ μικρόν . “And Paul said, I could pray to God,” καὶ ἐν ὀλίγῳ καὶ ἐν πολλᾥ , (that is) “I could pray to God,” for my part, not “in little” (but “in much”): he does not simply pray, he prays (not briefly, but) with largeness—“that not only thou, but also all that hear me this day, were such as I am.”
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 Homilies on First Corinthians 33
… but wishing to gain him by his gentleness. And he did in part gain him, and he that was till then considered to be condemned took captive his judge, and the victory is confessed by the person himself who was made captive, with a loud voice in the presence of all, saying, “With but little persuasion thou wouldst fain make me a Christian.” (
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 Homilies on Ephesians 8
… Paul was imprisoned; and in the prison he did these things, yea, saith he, by my very bonds themselves. He was imprisoned at Rome, and brought the more converts to the faith; for not only was he himself emboldened, but many others also because of him. He was imprisoned at Jerusalem, and preaching in his bonds he struck the king with amazement, (
Theodoret of Cyrus † AD 458 Letters of the Blessed Theodoret, Bishop of Cyprus 147
… Master, constantly carry on their lips this His dearest name and cry in the words of the Song of Songs “My beloved is mine and I am his;” “I sat down under his shadow with great delight, and his fruit was sweet to my taste.” And besides all this that name of ours which we love so well we have derived from the name of Christ. We are called Christians.
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St John Chrysostom † AD 407 The Homilies on the Statues to the People of Antioch 16.8
8. But as I was saying:—When Paul had caught him, and he said, “Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian,” Paul answered thus, “I would to God that not only thou, but also all that hear me this day, were both almost and altogether such as I am, except these bonds.”
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles 52
… “Within a little, παρὰ μικρόν . “And Paul said, I could pray to God,” καὶ ἐν ὀλίγῳ καὶ ἐν πολλᾥ , (that is) “I could pray to God,” for my part, not “in little” (but “in much”): he does not simply pray, he prays (not briefly, but) with largeness—“that not only thou, but also all that hear me this day, were such as I am.”
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 Homilies on Ephesians 9
But now do not become drowsy: for I am yet desirous to solve that other question, which many raise, when they say, Why, if tribulation be a glory, how came Paul himself to say in his defence to Agrippa, “I would to God that whether with little or with much not thou only, but also all that hear me this day, might become such as I am, except these bonds?” (
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1. Then Paul, with hand stretched out, — not toward Agrippa, as if by this sign he gave thanks to Agrippa for the faculty of speaking given to him by him, as Cajetan wishes; but first, after the manner of orators, stretching out his hand to indicate silence, as I said from Apuleius, book II of The Golden Ass, Persius and others, chapter xii; second, as a sign of freedom and confidence, because conscious of his innocence he did not doubt of victory in this his cause and suit; third, as a sign of authority, because as an Apostle, teacher and legate of Christ about to preach, he would speak with hand stretched out, as if having power.
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2. I esteem myself blessed. — Because, as St. Jerome says, epistle 49: "Paul had read that saying of Jesus Sirach, Ecclesiasticus xxv, 12: Blessed is he that speaketh in the ears of them that hear; and he knew that the words of an orator profit as much as the providence of a judge has known. Whence I too esteem myself blessed in this matter alone, that before learned ears (yours, O Pammachius) I am about to answer with an unskilled tongue." On the other hand, "where there is no hearing, pour not out speech," says Ecclesiasticus xxxii, 6. Wherefore Xenocrates, sending away from his school a certain man ignorant of mathematics to mathematics, said: "With me wool is not softened, namely raw wool is not immediately handed to the clothier, but to the fuller;" thus Laertius, book IV, chapter ii. Paul here turns all his discourse to Agrippa, not to Festus: first, because he had already pleaded his cause before Festus; second, because Festus had referred Paul's cause to Agrippa, and for that reason had brought Paul into his presence; third, because Agrippa was eager to hear Paul; fourth, because Agrippa was a Jew: whence he better understood this suit of Paul with the Jews concerning Judaism, than Festus a Gentile; fifth, because Paul hoped to convert Agrippa to Christ, by demonstrating to him from Moses and the Prophets that Jesus is the Messiah, for Agrippa was of good character, of a calm mind, intelligent and prudent. Whence also he tried in every way to dissuade the Jews from war against the Romans, saying that it would be ruin and destruction to the Jews, as the outcome showed; thus Josephus, book II of the War, chapter xvi.
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3. Especially thou knowing all things. — Especially since I know that thou knowest all things, namely those which pertain to the present matter and my suit with the Jews. Paul seeks the goodwill of Agrippa, not however by flattering, as quibblers do, but by truly praising him, because he wished to win him over: which he partly succeeded in, says Chrysostom, homily 33 on I Corinthians.
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4. Life, — βίωσιν, that is the acts and conduct of life, namely my conversation, as the Syrian translator rendered it. In Jerusalem. — Therefore Paul had seen and heard Christ teaching and preaching there either with his own eyes and ears, or by the report and through the eyes and ears of others; but being an excessive zealot of Moses and the law, he had closed his ears and mind to him, until Christ forcibly opened them, casting him to the ground and saying: "Saul, Saul, why dost thou persecute me?" Acts ix.
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5. Knowing me from the beginning, — προγινώσκοντες, that is foreknowing me, who namely knew me and my deeds before Christianity. According to the most certain sect, — ἀκριβεστάτην, that is the most diligent, the most exact, the most religious among the Jews, for such was the sect of the Pharisees. Otherwise Mariana: There were, he says, seven sects of Pharisees, as witness the Talmud in the tract. Sota. Paul had embraced the best and most perfect of these seven. And Arias: Paul, he says, was taught by Gamaliel in the house of Hillel, which was held to be more select than the house of Shammai, as is evident from the book of the Mishnaioth.
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6. In the hope which was promised to our fathers, — as if to say: I am called to judgment on account of faith and hope of obtaining salvation through Christ the saviour, promised to our fathers; and therefore I do not so much depart from the law, faith and hope of my ancestors, as I altogether persist in them, and on account of them I continually suffer so many and such great things. Paul's apology is effective, for he proves himself to be neither seditious nor an apostate from the law and faith of the fathers, in that he preaches faith and hope in Christ which all the fathers had, and through which they were saved. Secondly, and more aptly, by metonymy take hope for the thing hoped for, namely for justice and salvation obtained through Christ: for this was promised to the fathers, and on account of this preached, Paul was accused by the Jews. Whence also he adds:
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7. In which our twelve tribes, night and day (the Greek texts add, ἐν ἐκτενείᾳ, in assiduity, or earnestness) serving (namely worshipping God with latria, adoring and invoking him; for this is what λατρεύοντες means; the Syrian, engaged in assiduous prayers), hope to attain. — For the Jews hoped for justice and salvation through the Messiah, or Christ; but they denied that he had already come and was the one whom Paul preached: but they still expected him and that he was to come. Hence it is clear that hope is taken for the thing and salvation hoped for, for the Jews did not hope to attain to hope, as if they did not already have it and hope from it, but to the very thing hoped for itself, namely to salvation, resurrection and eternal beatitude: in this they hoped to attain.
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8. Why is it judged incredible among you, if God raises the dead? — The Apostle proved the resurrection of Christ and ours from the testimony of the Fathers, who all believed and hoped for it; now he proves the same from the omnipotence of God, as if to say: God is God, that is omnipotent, and consequently Lord of life and death: therefore it is credible, indeed certain, that he can raise the dead. For if he was able to create men, when they did not exist, from nothing, why should he not be able to restore and resurrect those same men now created and dissolved by death?
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9. And I indeed thought, — ἔδοξα ἐμαυτῷ, that is I had persuaded myself, and had altogether determined. He shows that he did not pass from Judaism to Christianity out of levity, but was changed and driven by divine illumination and force.
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10. Many of the Saints, — many Christians. And when they were being killed, I brought the sentence, — passed by the judges, namely by the chief priests: for I myself brought this to the Officials whose duty it was to execute it, and to kill Christians condemned by the judges. Hence it appears that many were then killed. The same is evident from Acts ix, 1: "And Saul yet breathing out threatenings and slaughter." For although some restrict this to one St. Stephen by synecdoche, this seems forced, especially because Paul did not bring the sentence in the death of Stephen, since there was then none. For Stephen was killed, not by the sentence of a judge, but by the fury of the people. Cajetan adds that Paul brought the sentence of death passed by the Jewish judges against Christians to the Roman Prefect, so that he might confirm it, without whose approval it would have had no force, and he brought it back subscribed by him, so that it might be carried out. Note: For sentence, in Greek it is ψῆφος; which ψῆφος signifies many things, namely first, a reckoning and a rational account, as if to say, I brought the reckoning and account of the condemned to be killed, for example, so many to be killed by the sword, so many by strangulation, so many by hanging, etc.; secondly, a vote: whence the Syrian translator renders it, "I assented to those who condemned them," approving, praising and executing their sentence; thirdly, a ballot, as if to say, When they were being judged and killed, I also cast my ballot among the judges, and by it condemned them; fourthly, Our translator most aptly renders it, "I brought the sentence," namely from the judges to the executors: for that Paul was not a judge, but a minister of the judges, is evident from Acts ix, 1, where it is said: "And Saul yet breathing out threatenings and slaughter against the disciples of the Lord, went to the high priest, and asked of him letters to Damascus unto the synagogues, that if he found any men and women of this way, he might bring them bound to Jerusalem, to be judged by the chief priests and the people."
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11. I compelled them to blaspheme, — I forced them to deny Jesus, so that they would say Jesus was not the Messiah, or Christ, but justly condemned and crucified by the high priests: for this is blasphemous, as being injurious to Christ and to God. Note here the humility of Paul, by which he publicly confesses and exaggerates his crimes.
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12. In which — cities, or works of madness, says Hugo. Whence Pagninus renders it, "in the pursuit of which things." With power and permission. — Others render it, "with power and commission": for ἐπιτροπή signifies not only permission, but also care, management, commission. Whence ἐπίτροπος is a curator, guardian, procurator, vicar, prefect, to whom something is entrusted. Our translator wisely renders it, "permission," to signify that this mission and commission of Paul to persecute Christians was not so much voluntarily entrusted to him by the chief priests and judges, as solicited, procured, and almost extorted from the unwilling, or certainly from those not sending but merely permitting: by which is signified the great zeal and ardor of Paul for Judaism against Christ and the Christians. In both senses therefore the discourse of Paul increases.
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13. Above the brightness of the sun a light shone round about me. — This light therefore was great and extraordinary, as reflecting the majesty of Christ, and emanating from His glorious body, which far surpasses the brightness of the sun. Thus concerning the star sent by Christ to the Magi, who is the light of the world, to call them to Himself, Prudentius sings in the hymn for Epiphany: Whom the star, which surpasses the wheel of the sun in beauty and light, announces to have come to the earth, God in earthly flesh. And St. Ignatius, in his epistle to the Ephesians, concerning this star says: "A star shone forth, surpassing all that had been before: for its light was indescribable, and it struck wonder in all who beheld it by the novelty of the thing; and all the other stars with the sun and moon were a chorus of this star; but it itself surpassed all in brightness." This so great a light dispelled from Paul and the Magi the darkness of infidelity and errors, so that through it they might perceive Christ, who is the way, the truth and the life, and the true sun of the world. Whence it is probable that some think this light was circular like the sun, as if a luminous globe surrounded Paul. For this is suggested by τὸ circumfulsisse, namely that it shone round about in the manner of a circle. Most excellently St. Augustine, sermon 28 On the Saints: "While," he says, "Saul carries a funeral sword against the soldiers of Christ, he receives a thunderous testimony from heaven. While he rages, he is struck; while he persecutes the Saints of Christ, he is blinded by a violent ray of heavenly light." I have said other things concerning Paul's conversion at verse 9.
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14. We should have fallen to the ground, — but so that Paul's companions immediately rose from the ground and stood amazed, while Paul himself lay prostrate on the ground, as I said at chapter ix. In the Hebrew tongue. — Whence it appears that Paul here spoke not in Hebrew, but in Greek, as he had spoken to Lysias, at chapter xxi, 37, or certainly in Latin. For he was conducting his case before Festus, a Roman prefect, and Agrippa knew Latin, as having been brought up in Rome from boyhood.
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16. For to this end have I appeared unto thee. — Therefore Paul then truly saw Christ present and standing before him, and this for the purpose that, being taught and sent by Him, he could be an eye-witness of Him. And to them to whom I shall appear unto thee. — "To whom," that is, for whose sake, says Sanchez; Pagninus, "in whom." Hence it is clear that Christ appeared many times to Paul and revealed many things to him.
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19. I was not disobedient, — ἀπειθής, unpersuadable, disobedient, rebellious; but immediately I permitted myself to be persuaded and to have faith in Christ, immediately I believed, immediately I obeyed Him. To the heavenly vision. — In Greek ὀπτασία, which, says Oecumenius, is a pure perception of a thing that exceeds man, and which he who is in the flesh can in no way see, unless the eyes be opened to him from heaven.
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22. Saying nothing else (that is, as Pagninus translated it, nothing other) than what the Prophets have spoken was to come to pass. — This is the third argument of Paul's apology. For the first was from the testimony of the fathers, verse 6; the second, from the vision of Christ, illuminating the eyes and mind, verse 13; the third is in this place from the oracles of the Prophets, who foretold future things concerning Christ, which Paul was now preaching as accomplished. Note: The Prophets foretold that Christ would come, and would establish a new law, the Church and the Sacraments: but what and what kind those future things would be, they did not explain, but left it to Christ to determine, and to Paul and the Apostles to explain. Wherefore the sophism of Kemnitius vanishes, when he argues thus: Paul says he preaches no other penance than that which was preached by the Prophets in their age: that was not a Sacrament; therefore neither is that which was preached by Paul in the new law a Sacrament. For the major premise is strictly false: for Paul speaks in general, not in particular, concerning penance; for penance preached by the Prophets was the virtue of penance: but penance preached by Paul was both the virtue and the sacrament of Penance, which the Prophets did not preach, but foretold in general, when they prophesied that through Christ the remission of sins was to be brought and a way of forgiving them was to be established; but what that way in particular would be, namely through the sacrament of Penance to be instituted by Christ, they did not declare, but left it to Christ to declare.
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23. If Christ was to suffer. — τὸ if is not conditional, but assertive, signifying by Hebraism that, as if to say, the Prophets foretold that Christ was to be passible, to die and be the first to rise from the dead, and then through Him other Christians. Thus Lyra, Hugo, Dionysius, Sanchez and others. "What wonder," says St. Gregory, homily 26 on the Gospel, "if He restores bones, sinews, flesh, and hair from dust, He who daily restores wood, fruits, leaves in the great mass of a tree from a small seed?" A light (of truth and true religion, faith and salvation) about to announce unto the people (Jewish) and to the Gentiles. — Hence Simeon calls Christ "a light to the revelation of the Gentiles, and the glory of thy people Israel," Luke ii, 32.
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24. Thou art mad, Paul. — Festus said this both on account of the loftiness of the mysteries, namely the passion of Christ the Son of God and the resurrection, which he himself, being a Gentile man, did not grasp and deemed delirious; and on account of the vision of Christ and of light so brilliant, verse 13, in which he thought him to be raving; and on account of the ardor, force and impetuosity of speaking in Paul, which was so great that he seemed to be of a disturbed mind. But Festus spoke truly in a sense, not his own, but mystical: for Paul was drunk and mad, not with wine, but in truth; not with fury, but with love: for the love of God made him foolish and mad to the world. Hear St. Bernard, treatise On the Nature of Divine Love, chapter iii: "Was it strange," he says, "if he was pronounced to be mad, who in the very danger of death was striving to convert to Christ those very judges themselves, by whom he was being judged for Christ? Not many letters in him made this madness, as the King said, understanding the truth but dissembling; but the drunkenness of the Holy Spirit, in which he was eager to make both small and great like unto himself, those who were judging him." See the words Acts ii, 13. Note: Paul here in many things resembles Christ; Christ was called a drinker of wine and to have a demon: thus Paul is called here a maniac and mad. Christ taught publicly, and answered this to the Pontiff in his passion, Matthew xxvi, 55. Thus Paul says verse 26: "I am persuaded that none of these things are hidden from him; for none of these things hath been done in a corner." Many letters turn thee to madness. — For indeed the studious and the learned, too much addicted to letters, easily fall into melancholy, phrenzy and mania. Nay, Aristotle himself asserts that no great genius has been without a mixture of madness. See him in the Problems, section 30, where he teaches that Plato, Socrates, Empedocles, poets and heroes suffered from melancholy, some even from mania. Furthermore Oecumenius: "Festus," he says, "said these things disturbed and indignant, because he believed himself to be despised (in that Paul turned his face and voice toward Agrippa, not toward Festus), because he saw the king, who had so greatly desired to hear him, looked upon by him with such stubborn eyes, because it seemed not so much to clear himself of calumny as to glory in his doctrine or life." Note morally: The world deems its contemners and zealous and divine men to be mad, and calls them mad. Thus the Prophet about to anoint Jehu as king heard: "What came this mad fellow to thee?" IV Kings ix. Thus of Christ it is said: "And when his friends heard of it, they went out to lay hold on him, saying, that he was beside himself," Mark iii, 21. Thus today men religious and contemplative are held in derision by worldly men and called fools; but in the day of judgment they will acknowledge their error, and say too late: "We fools esteemed his life madness, etc. Behold how he is numbered among the children of God, and his lot is among the saints," Wisdom v, 4.
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25. But I speak the words of truth and soberness. — First, as if to say, I am not drunk and mad, but sober, of sound mind and truthful. For soberness here is opposed to madness and fury; for this makes a man speak loudly and turbulently like a drunkard. Second, as if to say, I speak true things, and that moderately and soberly, not exaggerating them excessively and extolling them beyond the truth, as if to say, In preaching truth I do not exceed the measure. Thus Paul says: "Whether we be beside ourselves, to God: or whether we be sober, for you," II Corinthians v, 13. Third, as if to say, "Falsehood is absent from the words, petulance from the deeds, which two things are proper to madness," as the Gloss says.
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27. Believest thou, King Agrippa, the Prophets, — as if to say, If thou believest the Prophets, as thou believest because thou art a Jew, therefore believe also in Christ and in those things which I preach concerning Christ, because the Prophets foretold the same things concerning him: in this apostrophe there is a sharp stimulus by which he pricks Agrippa, that he may believe in Christ.
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28. In modico suades me Christianum fieri. — First, that is to say, it lacks but little that you should persuade and convince me to become a Christian; with little effort you would persuade me of Christianity. "You almost make me a Christian," says Cyril of Jerusalem, Catechesis 17; Cajetan, Sanchez and others, and also Chrysostom, homily 16 to the People: "For the saints, he says, in dangers do not consider how they may be freed from them, but how they may gain those who persecute them." Whence Gagneius and Salmeron think that Agrippa was secretly a Christian; but to this interpretation Paul's response does not accord: "I would to God, both in a little and in much," etc. Whence Chrysostom thinks that Paul did not sufficiently understand Agrippa's mind; which seems scarcely credible. Second, Oecumenius, that is to say, in a little time, labor and discourse, by which you have spoken with me, you persuade me to become a Christian; and Vatable and Lyra, that is to say, in part and moderately you persuade me to become a Christian; but perfectly you do not persuade, you do not convince, so that ἐν ὀλίγῳ is the same as δι' ὀλίγου, namely χρόνου καὶ λόγου, that is through a little time and discourse. To which Paul fittingly opposes: "And in a little and in much," that is to say, I wish you not only with a little, but also with much time, labor and discourse of mine, to become a Christian. Third, and genuinely, τὸ ἐν ὀλίγῳ, that is in a little, is opposed as παρ' ὀλίγον, and answers to the Hebrew כמעט kimat, that is, moderately, slightly, somewhat you persuade. To which Paul fittingly opposes: "And in a little and in much," that is to say, not only moderately, but also greatly, with all your heart and affection I wish and persuade you to become like me, namely a Christian: nor you alone, but also all who hear me. Note here the zeal of Paul, by which he strives to draw over and convert Agrippa, king of the Jews, his judge, before whom he was accused by the Jews of drawing the Jews from Judaism to Christianity, to the same faith: but the incestuous king, coming with such pomp and ostentation, was ill-suited to the Gospel and its continence, modesty and humility; whence immediately rising up, he interrupted and cut short Paul's discourse.
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29. To become such as I also am, — namely Christians, indeed apostles and preachers of Christ, such as I am. Most excellently St. Augustine, tract. 8 in the Epistle of St. John: "Hear, he says, the Apostle speaking from the depths of charity: I would that all men were as I myself. How did he wish all to be? Equal. Therefore he was superior to all, because by charity he wished all to be equal." Except these bonds. — Hence it is clear that Paul spoke while bound and laden with chains: namely the bonds for Christ did not diminish his spirit, but increased it; whence he is accustomed to exult and glory in them. See St. Chrysostom marvelously celebrating these bonds of Paul, homily 9 in the Epistle to the Ephesians, vol. IV. But this wisdom the pompous King Agrippa could not grasp; therefore Paul exempts the bonds from him, and says: "Except these bonds." St. Ignatius, the founder of our Society, grasped it, who when imprisoned for the preaching of Christ, many pitying him, answered: "Do you not know how happy and glorious it is to be bound for Christ; there are not so many fetters in the city that I would not wish to bear more for Christ." Wherefore, taught by continuous experience, he said and taught that the expeditious way to perfection is the desire to suffer much for Christ; thus Ribadeneira in his Life, book I, chapter xv. See St. Chrysostom here, homily 52, where among other things he extols the spirit and fervor of Paul, in that he made nothing of these bonds with which he was bound as a malefactor, and therefore applied himself wholly in them to convert Agrippa and all those standing by. "Such, he says, is a soul elevated by heavenly love: for when those who are captivated by base loves think nothing glorious or precious except what serves their lusts; they alone think it glorious and honorable, and their beloved becomes all things to them: much more those who burn with such love make nothing of precious things. But if we do not consider what is said, it is no wonder: for we are ignorant of this philosophy. For whoever is captivated by the fire of Christ becomes such as a man would be living alone upon the earth, so little does he care for glory and ignominy: but just as if alone he would care for nothing, so also such a one would not care. And temptations he thus despises, and scourges and prisons, as if he suffered them in another's body, or as if he possessed an adamantine body. But those things which are pleasant in this life, he laughs at and does not feel, just as we ourselves, or even dead bodies, do. And he is so far from being captivated by any affection, as gold which is tried by fire is far from blemish. And just as flies fall into the midst of flame, but flee: so affections do not dare to approach him."
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32. This man could have been dismissed if he had not appealed to Caesar. — Rather, he could have been dismissed even if he had appealed, because he appealed under compulsion, and by his appeal he sought nothing but dismissal: wherefore if the Governor had granted it, Paul would have willingly abandoned his appeal. The king therefore used this pretext, because he did not wish to offend the Jews by dismissing Paul, but to gratify them by sending him bound to Caesar, to whom he had appealed.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
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v. 1 Agrippa vero ad Paulum ait : permittitur tibi loqui pro temettpso; adstat Paulus, prout ei praedictum erat 9,15, ut portet nomen Iesu etiam coram regibus; id hic facit, id Romae quoque eum fecisse, cum causa appellationis factae ageretur apud Caesarem, nemo facile in dubium vocaverit; (tunc Paulus extenta »hanu more oratorum; rhetorum morem describit Apuleius : porrigit dexteram et ad instar oratorum conformat arliculum, duobusque infimis conclusis digitis ceteros eminentes porrigit (Met. 2,91; Wetstein); est autem χείρ manus cum brachio (Bl.) coepit rationem reddere; notat Calm. : « catenae quibus tunc vinciebatur, sive laevam tantummodo impediebant sive utramque manum, sed laxiore nexu; nec forte graves erant adeo, ut motum et gestum impedirent; profecto captivi longioribus catenis vinciri solebant habebantque iisdem vinculis alligatum militem , comitem οἱ custodem perpetuum ». lHisce solvitur scrupulus qui viro critico Hi/g. adeo gravis videtur, ut cum etiam afferat inter alia ad fidem orationis impugnandam, nempe quomodo vinctus extendere possit manus — est scil. observatio viro critico digna! Oratorio modo prooemium quoddam cum quadam captatione benevolentiae praemittit (v. 2. 3). « Paulus praesente Agrippa rege de criminibus responsurus, quod possit intelligere qui auditurus erat, securus de causae victoria slatim in principio sibi gratulatur. Legerat enim illud Iesu (Eccli. 25,12) : beatus qui loquitur in aures audientis, et noverat tantum oratoris verba proficere, quantum iudicis providentia cognovisset » (Hieronymus, epist. 57,1; M.
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992, 568); v. 2 de omnibus quibus accusor a Iudaeis, rex Agrippa, aestimo me beatum apud te cum sim defensurus me hodie; in illo beatum... laus Agrippae continetur et fiducia rei quam habet de regis aequitate; cur se dicat beatum coram tali rerum arbitro causam suam defendentem, explicat
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v. 3 maxime (e sciente omnia et quae apud Iudaeos sunt consuetudines et quaestiones μάλιστα imprimis autem sibi gratulatur eo quod sciat regem nosse omnes Iudaeorum mores et quae inde enascuntur vel agitantur disquisitiones et controversias; ita μάλιστα ad antecedentia referunt (Lap. Feit. Bl. Weiss), dum alii particulam ad sequentia trahunt : imprimis gnarum esse regem (Beel. Wendt), uti iam Ch. μάλιστα εἰδότος 600., id quod minus placet. Unde in v. 9 regi quasi per se laudem defert, in v. 3 ex eius cognitione rerum iudaicarum etiam maiorem fiduciam capit sese beatum dicens quod talem habeat iudicem. Cum itaque rex cognitas habeat res iudaicas, petit ab eo ut cum longanimitate se audiat, etsi necesse sit longius perorare : propter quod obsecro patienter me audias ; cf. 2&,&. Constructio graeca γνώστην ἄντα est impedita; facilis redditur addito ἐπιστάμενος (vide lect. var.) quam vocem non posse abesse Μὲ. existimat; attamen Cr. Theoph. eam nou habent (habet Oec.), et iam Beel. advertit eiusmodi abnormis participii structurae exempla occurrere quoque apud auctores bene graecos!. Exspectares utique post ἐπὶ σοῦ sequi γνώστου ἔντος — alii explicant per anacoluthon, voluisse scil. Paulum postea dicere αἰτῶ-ἀχοῦσαι. Defensio eius simplici expositione veritalis continetur v. καὶ et quidem vitam meam τὴν μὲν οὖν ῥίωσίν uc», inserviunt μὲν οὖν transitioni (Klotz, Devar. 1 p. 125), עלוק (cf. Eccli. prolog.) recte explicat Lap. vitae actus et mores, conversationem a tuventute, quae ab initio fuit in. gente mea 1n Ilerosolymis (ab initio non habet gig) 1. e. ab ineunte iuventute versatus est non solum in Iudaea, sed in ipsa urbe sancta, cf. 99,3, noverunt omnes ludaei
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v. 5 praescientes me ab initio i. e. ante hoc tempus me norunt ab initio, si velint testimonium perhibere, quoniam secundum certissimam sectam nostrae religionis vizi pharisaeus ἀχριδεστάτην secundum exactissimam, severissimam sectam ; proin fuit legum omnium ac traditionum observantissimus; cf. Phil. 3,5. 6. Neque nunc, quamvis a Iudaeis accusatus et odio letali infestatus sit, ullo pacto defecit a religione paterna
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v. 6 e£ nunc tn spe ἐπ᾿ ἐλπίδι propter spem qae ad patres nostros repromissionis facta est a Deo sto iudicio subiectus, promissio est Messiae eiusque regni; hanc promissionem a Deo factam impletum iri speravit et eam impletam iam esse nunc novit; et hanc promissionem omnes ludaei magno desiderio consequi cupiunt
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v. 7 in quam duodecim tribus nostrae τὸ Σωδεχάφυλον vocem seligit qua simul peculiaris gentis a Deo provisa origo et electio declaratur, nocte ac die deservientes ἐν &xxevela intente, studiose λατρεῦον cultum adorationis per sacrificia quotidiana, per holocaustum perpetuum, mane ac vespere exercentes et ita promissionem Messiae efflagitantes qui tamquam verus agnus Dei peccata sit ablaturus, sperant devenire. Cum itaque Iudaei Messiam expetant, non sine magna admiratione clamat : de qua spe accusor a ludaeis, rer! nonne res indignatione plena est accusari de ea re quam ipsi illi accusatores consequi sperant et ad quam consequendam Deum colunt? [Nam promissus bic Messias ut cito veniret, ut veniret in diebus suis Israelitae Pauli coaetanei, ut et horum proavi, assidue precabantur (Beel.). Num fortasse ideo merito accusor de hac spe quia Messiam mortuum esse praedico? cur illi ad alterum quod adiungo, ad resurrectionem mentem non advertunt, ac si illis videretur resurrectio impossibilis! eo sensu adnectitur
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v. 8 quid incredibile tudicatur apud vos modo oratorio et animo concitato alloquitur accusatores quasi praesentes, s? Deus mortuos suscitat? credunt ludaei resurrectionem; qui ergo fit aut qua ratione consequens est, ut resurrectionem Messiae, Iesu mortui, ut rem incredibilem reiiciant? Messiam exspectari a ludaeis sine controversia etiam Agrippae constabat. At Paulum merito spem messianam iam esse impletam praedicare nondum constabat. Ad hoc itaque probandum nunc se convertit; quam probationem enarratione quis antea fuerit et quomodo conversus sit pluribus conficit
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v. 9 et ego quidem ezistimaveram iv οὖν uli v. &, me adversus nomen Iesu Nazareni debere multa contraria agere,
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v. 10 quod et feci lerosolymis et multos sanctorum ego 1n carceribus inclusi, eos vocans sanctos simul fatetur nullum iis crimen fuisse nisi solam confessionem nominis Iesu; quare nomen sanctorum, de cuius usu hac in oratione aliqui mirantur, merito usurpatum est, a principibus sacerdotum | potestate accepta, et cum occiderentur, detuli sententiam , detuli calculum, tuli suffragium; sed cum Paulus non fuerit membrum seu assessor synedrii, locutio metaphorice intelligatur oportet de consensu et approbatione quasi de suo suffragio quod aliorum sententiae addiderit ex sua parte, nec aliud significat quam illud : erat consentiens συνευδοχῶν neci eius (7,59; Beel. Calm. Patr. Felt. Wendt, Dl. cf. 92,90); Weiss tamen explicat : testimonio meo effeci ut condemnarentur. Quaerunt sitne de una caede Stephani sermo et proin pluralis categoricus agnoscendus; sed ex 9,1 (spirans minarum et caedis) videtur colligi plures esse occisos propter nomen Iesu (Lap. Beel. Patr. Feit.). Nec obstat quod synedrio ius gladii erat ablatum. Nam synedristis nunquam deerant quorum ope quos volebant interimere poterant. (cf. 23,19 et quae alibi de sicariis dicta sunt). Haec omnia Paulus idcirco in medium profert , ut Agrippae persuadeat non temere se ad Christianos, quibus nemo alius fuerat infestior, transisse ac denique se nonnisi vi miraculorum et evidentia veritatis pertractum esse (Calm.);
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v. 11 et per omnes synagogas urbis Ierusalem 22,19 et patet ex oppositione ad exteras civitates freguenter puniens eos verberibus, flagellatione (cf. Matth. 10,17) compellebam blasphemare de repetito conatu potest explicari , quo eos voluit inducere ad maledicendum Iesu; non debet necessario intelligi de effectu obtento; et ampltus insaniens in eos persequebar usque in exteras civitates, v. 19 in quibus rebus, inter quae (B/.) 24,18, dum irem Damascum cum polestate et permissu principum sacerdotum,
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v. 13 die media in via vidi, rez, de coelo supra splendorem solis circumfulsisse me lumen et eos qui mecum simul erant cf. 22,6; lucem hic grandius describit;
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v. 1& omnesque nos cum decidissemus in terram (vide ad 9,7), audivi vocem loquentem mihi hebraica lingua * Saule, Saule, quid me persequeris? 9,8; 22,7; durum est. tibi contra stimulum calcitrare 9,5;
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v. 15 ego autem dizi : quis es, Domine? Dominus autem dixit : ego sum Iesus quem tu persequeris ; gig brevissime : ego enim sum Iesus Nazareus;
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v. 16 sed exsurge et sta super pedes tuos; ad hoc enim apparui libi, ul constituam te ministrum et testem eorum quae vidisti et eorum quibus apparebo tibi, 22,15; lectio ὧν τε εἶδες facilis est et attractio illa nota τούτων 5 habetur; difficilius explicatur ὧν εἶδές με; cogitari potest de attractione irregulari τούτων 2(' x εἶξές ys! (cf. Wendt), quo modo etiam alterum ὧν τε 2201520 σει exponunt (cf. Winer 39,3,1) vel dicunt sententiam ob concinnitatem esse ad prius illud ὧν εἶδες conformatam (Buttmann p. 2&7), utique paulo violentius (B/.). Promittitur itaque Paulo fore ut etiam postea apparitionibus Domini doceatur ad ministerium sibi impositum bene subeundum. Videtur apostolus summatim etiam ea referri quae Dominus per Ananiam ei dici iussit (cf. 9,15 seq. 22,15). Et simul Dominus ei promittit opem ac protectionem
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v. 17 eripiens te de populo et gentibus in quas nunc ego mitto te ἐξαιρούμενος 1. 6. apparebo tibi et servabo te, non enim est cur eligendi notionem huic verbo hoc solum 1000 tribuamus quae ne apta quidem est ad £x τῶν ἐθνῶν (Bl.); et saepuis iam expertus est Paulus hanc ereptionem de populo i. e. de insidiis Iudaeorum, et suo populo ereptus nunc adstat coram Festo et Agrippa; etiam inter gentes quam maxime opem Iesu sibi praesio esse experimentis didicit (16,18; 17,5. 13. 33; 18,13; 19,93. 1 Cor. 5,9-13. 2 Cor. 1,8; 11,23 seq.); quem in finem mittatur adiungitur :
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v. 18 aperire oculos eorum ut convertantur a tenebris ad lucem, quam dicendi formam familiarem fuisse apostolo apparet (2 Cor. &,6. Eph. 35,418; 5,8. Col. 1,13. 1 Thess. 5,&.5) et de potestate satanae ad Deum (cf. Hebr. 2,18), ut accipiant remissionem peccatorum et sortem inter sanctos per fidem quae est $n me; rem ita narrat, ut simul auditoribus aliquam evangelii annuntiationem et salutis messianae explicationem tradat, id quod ad Agrippam potissimum spectare videtur, qui iudaicae religionis non ignarus novit quid haec sibi velint. Iam de rebus a se gestis sermonem inferens apte regem compellat
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v. 19 unde, rez Agrippa, non fui incredulus ἀπειθής inobediens coelesti visioni,
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v. 30 sed his qui sunt Damasci primum et Ierosolymis et in omnem regionem Iudaeae et gentibus annuntiabam, ut poeniten- (1am agerent et converterentur αὐ Deum digna poenitentiae opera facientes; cf. 9, 20.22; in lerusalem quoque 06 Messia praedicasse Paulum, potest iam colligi 9,28; dein certe quando eleemosynas attulit 11,30, et cum ad concilium apostolorum veniret, in ipsa urbe etiam munere apostolico functus est; in illo autem itinere ubique narrabat conversionem gentium (15,3); in aliis quoque ad urbem itineribus poterat per Iudaeam fratres alloqui, cum ludaeis disputare et ipse scribit Rom. 15,19 : ita ut ab lerusalem per circuitum usque ad lllyricum repleverim evangelium. Argumentum praedicationis assignans (20,21) simul declarat quam longe abfuerit a seditione. Pari modo se nullatenus 8 religione paterna defecisse sequentibus probat. Iudaei quidem propter eam praedicationem eum occidere tentabant; at quanta iniuria! nam nihil aliud docuit nisi quod a Moyse et prophetis erat annuntiatum;
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v. 21 Áac ex causa me Iudaei, cum essem in templo, comprehensum tentabant interficere, iis praedicatio gentibus facta imprimis erat offensioni, uti quoque patet ex 92,92 et 1 Thess. 2,16;
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v. 92 auzilio autem adiutus Dei τυχών auxilium nactus a Deo «sque in hodiernum diem sto ἔστηχα subsisto incolumis (Bee. Felt.), non cecidi (B/.) testificans minori atque maiori, iuveni, seni, cf. 8,10, omnibus; adhortans omnes et obsecrans, nihil extra dicens quam ea quae prophetae locuti sunt futura esse et Moyses; unde apostolus insistit religionem christianam nihil aliud esse nisi impletionem eorum quae iam in vetere foedere erant annuntiata; Iudaeos proin si revera credant prophetis et Moysi debere perfectam hanc religionis formam amplecti. Quae vero a prophetis et Moyse annuntiata sint (gig scriptum est enim in Moyse), incipit exponere :
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v. 23 55 5858 Christus, si primus ez resurrectione mortuorum, lumen annunttaturus est populo et gentibus 1. e. an Messias qui venturus erat ad patiendum destinatus sit, an primus ex mortuis resuscitandus et lumen veritatis annuntiaturus sit Israeli et gentibus (Beel.); illud εἰ commode refertur ad λέγων i. e. in praedicatione, an Messias sit patibilis etc. nihil aliud dico et affirmo, nisi quod prophetae et Moyses annuntiarunt fore (Feit. Wendt). Merito primo loco mentionem facit de quaestione, sitne Messias patibilis; cum enim Iudaei gloriosum exspectarent Messiam qui regnum davidicum suscitaret, passio Iesu iis erat scandalum, unde Christus quoque dixit : beatus est qui non fuerit scandalizatus in me (Matth. 11,6). De Messia patibili iam indicium habetur Is. 11,1; clare eius passio annuntiatur Is. &9,&. 7; 50,6; 52,13-53,19. Zach. 12,10; 13,7; typice in oblatione Isaac, in agno paschali, in serpente aeneo; immo iam insinuatur in prima Servatoris promissione; nam victoria non erit sine vulnere : et tu conteres calcaneum eius (Gen. 3,15 hebr.); serpenti quidem conteritur caput, sed conterentis calcaneum conteritur. Reportabitur victoria plena de diabolo,at non sine dolore et vulnere. Messiae post mortem ad vitam reditus significatur Is. 53,10- 12 (vide meum Comment. in ἢ. 1.) et Ps. 15,10 vide ad 2,31 οἱ 13,34. 33 ; Messiam praedictum esse lumen vide Is. 9,2; 42,6 dedi te in foedus populi et in lucem gentium; item 59,6; 60,3; 65,1; salutem messianam gentibus quoque deslinari, iam antiquissimis vaticiniis declaratur; nam promissio illa Gen. 3,15 de victoria qua diabolus est conterendus, non ad unam stirpem restringitur; item Gen. 9,27 lapheth habitet in tabernaculis Sem, et Gen. 12,3; 18,18; 22,18 dc benedictione quae ex Israel in omnes redundatura sit, Gen. 49,10 de obedientia populorum quae Messiae erit. Apostolus itaque ea effert ex praedicatione messiana quae Iudaeis quam maxime erant offendiculo, passio Messiae et vocatio gentium ad regnum inessianum, atque ostendit haec plane congruere cum vaticiniis.
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v. 9& haec loquente eo et rationem reddente Festus magna voce, ut ipsa voce elata declararet stuporem de deliramentis quae sibi videbatur Paulus effundere , dixit < insanis Paule, multae te litterae ad insaniam convertunt, mentem tuam lectio multa confundit (Cassiod.); multa tua studia litterarum sanam mentem tibi eripiunt (Bee/.); haec verba Festus non ideo profert solum, quia de prophetis et Moyse Paulum loquentem audivit, sed quia compertum habet Paulum tempus captivitatis impendere litteris. Unde nobis concludere licet apostolum sedula lectione legis et prophetarum doctrinam a Christo acceptam excoluisse; nam cum iam mortem vicinam 860811) , tamen scribit Timotheo : affer tecum libros et maxime membranas (2 Tim. &,13);
Yerum cum de resurrectione mortuorum mentio fieret, iam ultra non se continens orationem Pauli interrumpit, ut ex ipsa voce ἀξολογουμέ- νου patet
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v. 25 et Paulus : non insanio (inquit) optime Feste χράτιστε, 25,3 vide Luc. 1,3, compellatio est viri dignitate conspicui, sed ceritatis et sobrietalis verba loquor; non sunt deliramenta, sed res sunt omnino verae, quas ego quoque sana mente proloquor, ἀποφθέγγομαι, vox grandis et sollemnioris orationis est : pronuntio. Proin affirmat fervore dicendi et animi affectu se minime abreptum esse neque ulla figmenta protulisse, verum quae plena veritate consistant a se cum integra mentis sanitate dici. | Et huius rei testem appellat Agrippam
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v. 26 scitenim de his rez, ad quem et constanter loquor, haec scil. novit et intelligit rex, ad eum παρρησιαζόμενος libere et confidenti animo sermonem dirigo; proin innuit orationem a se conformari non pro captu Festi, sed secundum 68 quae Agrippa bene nota habeat; latere enim eum nihil horum arbitror. πείθομαι mihi persuadeo; neque entm 1n angulo quidquam horum gestum est; litote minus dicit, plusintelligi vult : « hic de cruce loquitur et de resurrectione et quod dogma ubique terrarum pervaserit » (CÀr.). Iesus enim palam per tres annos in Galilaea et Iudaea praedicavit, miracula patravit; ipsi eius adversarii infensissimi confiteri cogebantur : ecce mundus totus post eum abiit (Ioan. 12,19); pariter supplicium eius et loco et tempore quam plurimis innotuit; ex eo tempore per plus viginti annos praedicatur eius resurrectio ab iis qui cum ipso post resurrectionem manducarunt et conversati sunt et insuper salus haec messiana iam longe lateque inter gentes annuntiata et agnita et assumpta est. Quae omnia plane congruunt oraculis prophetarum ; unde ex illis et rebus gestis probatur Iesum esse Messiam de quo illi vaticinati sunt. Quare audacter compellat regem
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v. 27 credis, rex Agrippa, prophetis? sed aeque prudenter ipse statim adiungit : scio quia credis; nam de 100860 id praesumi potest merito; quaestione stimulat eum, ut consideret vaticinia Iesu Nazareno plane convenire; responsione adiuncta praecavet ne de rege minus bene sentirc videatur neve eum videatur velle inducere, ut sibi coram omnibus respondeat; proin regiae dignitatis rationem habet optime sentiens quid in ea rerum personarumque conditione deceat. Censet Patr. : Paulus forsitan ita locutus est quia leges Christi iubent nos bene sentire de omnibus; an vero Agrippa prophetis crederet, ut non est cur negemus, ita ex his Pauli verbis non id sequitur necessario. Contra illud Festi : insanis, compellavit regem de veritate rerum gestarum. Quid ergo rex?
26:28
v. 28 Agrippa autem ad Paulum : in modico suades me christianum fieri; lectio longe communior 67) Χριστιανὸν ποιῆσαι quam aliqui ferri posse negant (B/..)!, alii tamen explicari posse existimant : mihi persuadere niteris, ut me christianum reddas (cf. Felt. Dels. Weiss, Wendt); unde ποιῆσαι infinitivus est finalis, qui saepius habetur post verba dandi, mittendi, eundi, constituendi etc. ; cf. Matth. 5,17 cj» ἦλθον χαταλῦσαι (cf. Blass, Gram. p. 218; Winer, &&,1; Buttmann p. 394). Alii praeferunt πείθῃ, tibi per- 808005 , existimas me reddere christianum (Bels.); ἐν ὀλίγῳ explicandum erit cum Oec. δι᾿ ὀλίγων ῥημάτων, ἐν βραχέσι λόγοις, χωρὶς πολλοῦ πόνου, ita ut ἐν dicatur de instrumento : parvo labore, ἐν ὀλίγη διδα- σχαλία, parva seu brevi expositione mihi persuades; alii explicant : brevi tempore tibi persuades te christianum me reddidisse (B/.). Quo sensu haec a rege dicantur, videtur desumi posse ex responso Pauli, ex quo certum esse videtur haec non dici a rege ironice et derisorie (Beel. Bl.), neque iocando (Patr.), sed potius cum aliqua admiratione, quod Paulus videatur inferre ex eo quod rex prophetis credat eum etiam statim agniturum esse Iesum Messiam. Tali exclamatione admirationis de opinione Pauli adeo celeriter concepta Agrippa et Romanis consulit et Iudaeis. Illis eximit opinionem ac si multum momenti rationibus Pauli attribueret; hisce declarat se quidem credere prophetis (nam illud Pauli : scio te credere, non negat), attamen oracula in Iesu esse completa non sibi a Paulo persuaderi et Paulum falli si putet sine multo labore hoc demonstrari. Censent quidem alii regem serio dixisse non multum deesse ut sibi persuadeatur (cf. Felt. Wendt); verum hanc regis mentem non fuisse censeo iam ex eo quia statim ulteriore disquisitione omissa recedit. Insuper plurimum deferre Romanis Agrippa solebat. Quare non puto eum tale quid dicturum fuisse tantumque voluisse tribuere verbis Pauli, postquam Festus dixit : insanis, Paule, etc. Sed exclamatio cum admiratione coniuncta talis est, qua Festus ab ipso rege confirmari audit Paulum limites fervore . dicendi esse praetergressum. Respondet Paulus pro suo animarum zelo, se omnium conversionem exoptare neque sua referre, utrum parvo labore an magno efficiatur
26:29
v. 29 et Paulus : opto apud Deum, Deum precari velim (Bee/.) et in modico et in magno, sive modico sive magno labore opus sit, non tantum te, sed etiam omnes qui audiunt hodie fieri tales qualis et ego sum, exceptis vinculis his id quod sane subridendo addidit; « totum responsum et urbanissimum et christiano homine dignissimum » )]2/.( Verum rex ulteriori disquisitioni finem imponit fortasse veritus, ne Paulus post audaciorem illam quaestionem v. 27 pergat pluribus ipsum urgere et prosequi quod modo indicaverat a se ardenter desiderari;
26:30
v. 30 et exsurrezit rez et praeses et Bernice et quiassidebant eis surgit primus rex, reliqui ex dignitatis ordine;
26:31
v. 31 δέ cum secessissent, ad deliberationem habendàm, vide 25,96, loquebantur ad invicem dicentes , quia nihil morte aut vinculis dignum quid fecit homo iste, πράσσει agit, tractat; «dicunt in praesenti, quia considerant universam vitae Pauli rationem seu institutum » (Beel. Patr. Felt.); gig nihil.. homines isti faciunt. Neque aliter censet Agrippa, cuius sententia cumprimis a Festo expetebatur (25,96);
26:32
v. 32 Agrippa autem Festo dixit : dimitti poterat ἀπολελύσθαι dimissus esse, iam liberatus esse poterat homo htc, si non appellasset Caesarem; innuit Festum antea potuisse Paulum absolvere; Festus vero bene sibi conscius est qua re coegerit Paulum appellare Caesarem. Nunc vero appellatione facta iam non poterat res iudicari ἃ procuratore neque Paulus absolvi aut dimitti. Nihil restat , nisi ut ad Caesarem mittatur. postero vocasset; diei crastini mentio fit etiam in fl; gig centurioncm cohortis italiae. In v. 2 μέλλοντι א \ B mu mínusc cat syr cop arm gig; ph ex Thessalonicensibus autem Aristarchus et Secundus, item 137. In v. 5 B uvgpa ph Hicr; al μυρα; 500 ΝΑ λυστρὰν vulg Bed Cassiod gig codd apud Hier; etíam σμυρναν fertur testibus Micr et Bed; διαπλευσαντες OU Ὡμέρων δεχαπεντε 137. ph c* fl. In v. 8 pler Aacaua, D λασεα, A ἀλασσα; Hier Lasaea,... pro qua quidam corrupte Thalassa legunt. In v. 13 gig levantes iuxta colligebant creten, ph sustulerunt prope litus et navigabant circa Creten. Comites itineris romani sese adiunxerunt Paulo Lucas et Aristarchus (etiamne Secundus? ita ex philox., sed nomen videtur desumptum ex 20,4);
26:9
… Nazaraeus); 26:71; Lk. 18:37; Jn. 18:5, 7; 19:19; Acts 2:22; 3:6; 4:10; 6:14; 22:8; 26:9. In Acts 24:5 ff. Paul is accused as "ringleader of the sect of the Nazoreans." The title is connected with Nazareth (v.), where Jesus dwelt for the greater part of his private life.
… It is certain, however, that immediately afterward this "young man" took a very active part in the persecution (Acts 26:9-11).
1. The career of the apostle Paul. - Let us suppose that one can contest the miraculous character of the event that occurred at Damascus around 34 A.D. (Acts 9:1-22; 22:4-16; 26:9-20; Gal. 1:13-17) and that of the revelations that the convert claims for himself (Acts 22:17-21; II Cor. 12:1-4, etc.). …
26:14
… Near Damascus, where he was heading as an envoy of the Sanhedrin against the Christians, the risen Jesus appeared to him. The supernatural phenomenon was noticed by his companions, who fell stunned (Acts 9:3-7; 22:7-10; 26:14-18); it produced,
26:17
… Mt. 5:47; 6:7; 13:17; as a plural it is synonymous with τὰ ἐθνή, which in the Septuagint translates the Hebrew haggājim (Ex. 34:24; Lev. 18:24, etc.; Is. 9:1), cf. Mt. 4:15; 6:32 and passim; in opposition to the Jews: Rom. 3:39; 9:24, etc.; Lk. 2:32; Acts 26:17, 23.
26:18
… and his own (Mc. 1:24, 34; 3:11-15, 23-27; 6:7; I Io. 3:8; cf. Act. 16:16-18), to free his disciples from the world of S. and introduce them into the Kingdom of God (Io. 15:19; 17:12, 14). Salvation consists in being liberated from the dominion of S. (Act. 26:18). For every evil, physical and moral, is under the control of S. The woman who "had a spirit of infirmity for 18 years was bound by S." (Lc. 13:11, 16). When the Apostles cast out …
26:23
… From the Nativity (Mt. 2:4) to the confession of Peter (Mt. 16:16, 20; Mc. 8:29; Io. 6:69) and of Nathanael (with the synonym "King of Israel": Io. 1:49), of Martha (Io. 11:27), of the demons (Lc. 4:41), to the revelations of the Risen One (Lc. 24:26, 46; Act. 26:23), the proclamation resounds. …
26:24
… Hearing Paul, at the end of his defense, speak of the resurrection of the dead, P. F. said to him good-naturedly: "Paul, you are mad! Your many books are driving you to madness!" And Paul: "I am not mad, most excellent Festus, but I speak words of truth and wisdom!" (Acts 26:24-25). In the autumn of 60 P. F. entrusted Paul to the centurion Julius, so that he might conduct him to Rome.
26:25
Theophilus (Θεόφιλος, 'Friend of God')
Some have supposed that T. was a fictitious name, collectively designating the Christian, the friend of God, but the title of "most excellent" (κράτιστε, Vulgate optime), attributed to T. in the Gospel (Luke 1:3) and in the Acts to the Roman procurators Felix (Acts 23:26; 24:3) and Festus (ibid. 26:25), lead one to regard him as a distinguished, authoritative personage. …
26:26
… His brothers and he have an identical concept of the apostolate: according to the order received from Jesus (Lk. 24:48; Acts 1:8), they present themselves as the "witnesses" of facts that did not occur in angulo, in secret (Acts 26:26; 1:21-22; 2:32; 3:15; 4:19-20; 5:32; 10:39), not as purveyors of ingeniously invented fables, doctas fabulas secuti (II Pt. 1:16; I Pt. 5:1-4; I Io. 1:1-3, etc.). …
26:28
… The pejorative sense seems to shine through in Acts 11:26; 26:28 and 1 Pt. 4:16, and is often deplored by the apologists, and it must have derived not only from the poor esteem in which the faithful were held, but also from the very nature of the …
26:40
… Stephen and Philip evangelized (ibid., 6:8 ff.; 8:5; 26:40), and Philip even baptized (ibid., 8:12 ff.; 38). Beginning with St. Ignatius Martyr, the Fathers place the diaconate as the lowest of the three grades of the hierarchy of Order. …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Rheims 1582), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.