Canon & Civil Law
Diritto Canonico E Civile · 652 articles · Principal contributors · All subjects-
Species Consecrated (Crime Against) (SPECIE CONSACRATE (DELITTO CONTRO LE))
CONSECRATED SPECIES (CRIME AGAINST THE). - The profanation of the Eucharist is a sacrilege, a real injury against God. Even in ancient… -
Spouses, Rights and Duties of (CONIUGI, DIRITTI E DOVERI DEI)
SPOUSES, Rights and Duties of. - I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES. - Among the principal effects of marriage (v.) is what theologians and canonists… -
Stauropegion (STAUROPEGIO)
STAUROPEGION. - In Byzantine canon law, it denotes a privilege granted by the patriarch by virtue of which a place or a pious foundation is… -
Sterility (STERILITÀ)
STERILITY. - The term, collateral to that of impotence, is used in medico-legal language to indicate a particular defect in the efficacy of… -
Stole, Rights Of (STOLA, DIRITTI DI)
STOLE, Rights Of. - I. - By rights of the stole or stole fees (iura stolae) are meant the payments owed by the non-poor to parish priests… -
Studia Et Documenta Historiae Et Iuris
STUDIA ET DOCUMENTA HISTORIAE ET IURIS. - A scholarly journal - predominantly of Roman law - published by the "Pontificium Institutum… -
Summons (INTIMAZIONE)
SUMMONS. - This term designates the act by which the summons to appear in court is notified. It is precisely in criminal matters that this… -
Suretyship (FIDEIUSSIONE)
SURETYSHIP. - A contract by which one party, binding himself personally toward the creditor, guarantees to him the performance of another's… -
Suspicion (SUSPICIONE)
SUSPICION. - Suspicio, s., suspicion generally indicate a doubt or a judgment not fully proven, but founded on serious indications,… -
Syro-Roman Book (LIBRO SIRO-ROMANO)
SYRO-ROMAN BOOK. - It is the name given by modern scholars to an Eastern legal compilation which, in different versions, bears the title of… -
Tarquini, Camillo
TARQUINI, CAMILLO. - Jesuit, cardinal, canonist and archaeologist, b. at Marta (diocese of Montefiascone) on 27 Sept. 1810, d. at Rome on… -
Tassa Innocenziana
TASSA INNOCENZIANA. - Under this name is indicated the body of preceptive and directive norms issued under Innocent XI to standardize… -
Tasse Ecclesiastiche
ECCLESIASTICAL TAXES. - They are, alongside spontaneous contributions - donations, dispositions of last will, oblations (v.) -, one of the… -
Tendency to Delinquency (TENDENZA A DELINQUERE)
TENDENCY TO DELINQUENCY. - The Italian Penal Code in force, departing from the conception of the classical school, which regarded crime as… -
Term (TERMINE)
TERM. - It is a point in time from which the effects of a juridical transaction (v.) begin to occur (dies a quo) or at which they cease… -
Territory of the State (TERRITORIO DELLO STATO)
TERRITORY OF THE STATE. - It is disputed whether territory is to be considered an essential element of the State, but for Italian positive… -
Testament (TESTAMENTO)
TESTAMENT. - It is the act by which a person disposes, for the time when he shall have ceased to live, of all his substance or of part of… -
Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury (TEODORO ARCIVESCOVO DI CANTERBURY)
THEODORE, Archbishop of Canterbury. - Philosopher, theologian, canonist, b. at Tarsus in Cilicia around 602, d. at Canterbury on 19 Sept.… -
Third Pensionable (TERZO PENSIONABILE)
THIRD PENSIONABLE. - It is an application of the institution of pensions, of special importance for the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. The… -
Thomasius, Christian
THOMASIUS, CHRISTIAN. - Philosopher and jurist, b. in Leipzig on 1 Jan. 1655, d. in Halle on 23 Sept. 1728. Under the protection of… -
Title of Ordination (TITOLO DELL'ORDINAZIONE)
TITLE OF ORDINATION. - It consists in the guarantee of a lifetime income sufficient for the dignified support of the ordinand (can. 979 §… -
Titles of Dignity (TITOLI DI DIGNITÀ)
TITLES OF DIGNITY. - They are verbal marks capable of completing a person's identity, with a function that is therefore both identifying… -
Titulars of the Churches (TITOLARI DELLE CHIESE)
TITULARS OF THE CHURCHES. - Official designation assigned to a church or an oratory. I. PRESENT PRACTICE. - Every church, whether… -
Torture (TORTURA)
TORTURE. - In the narrowest and most precise sense, (judicial) torture is any judicial proceeding by which an attempt is made to extort… -
Transaction (TRANSAZIONE)
TRANSACTION. - It is the contract by which the parties put an end to a dispute or prevent one from arising, making reciprocal concessions… -
Treasury (TESORO)
TREASURY. - Understood here in the juridical sense, according to the definition of classical Roman law, treasure is "vetus quaedam… -
Tribonian (TRIBONIANO)
TRIBONIAN. - Jurist of the 6th century, b. probably in Pamphylia, d. in 542 or 543, he was the principal collaborator of Justinian I in the… -
Trigenia
TRIGENIA. - It is a particular kind of affinity (v.), at present taken into consideration only by the canon law of certain communities of… -
Trust Territories (TERRITORI IN AMMINISTRAZIONE FIDUCIARIA)
TRUST TERRITORIES. - These are territories subject to a particular system of international government (trusteeship), implemented by the… -
Tutelage-Tutor (TUTELA-TUTORE)
TUTELAGE-TUTOR. - Guardianship (tutela, patrocinium, praesentia) is, according to the jurist Servius (fr. 1, pr. D. 26, 1): « vis ac… -
Twelve Tables (DODICI TAVOLE)
TWELVE TABLES. - A collection of legislative norms, drafted by extraordinary magistrates (decemviri legibus scribundis) appointed for the… -
Udine Roman Law (LEGGE ROMANA UDINESE)
UDINE ROMAN LAW. - So called because Canciani found a copy of it in a codex of the chapter library of Udine. Subsequently, when other… -
Unborn Child (NASCITURO)
UNBORN CHILD. - A human being is capable of being the subject of rights from the moment of his birth. Nevertheless, quite apart from the… -
Undue Enrichment (ARRICCHIMENTO INDEBITO)
UNDUE ENRICHMENT. - Unjust enrichment without cause occurs whenever someone, without a cause recognized by law, derives some patrimonial… -
Unions of States (UNIONI DI STATI)
UNIONS OF STATES. - Two or more States may voluntarily, and in a more or less stable manner, cooperate for general purposes of common… -
Usufruct (USUFRUTTO)
USUFRUCT. - It is the right to enjoy another's property and its fruits, with the burden of the expenses and the care of preserving and… -
Usurpation of Ecclesiastical Goods (USURPAZIONE DEI BENI ECCLESIASTICI)
USURPATION OF ECCLESIASTICAL PROPERTY. - It is the despoiling or misappropriation of ecclesiastical property by private individuals or even… -
Usury (USURA)
USURY. - The term has two acceptations, one absolute, the other relative to interest. In the first case usury is the profit received from a… -
Vacancy of the Ecclesiastical Office (VACANZA DELL'UFFICIO ECCLESIASTICO)
VACANCY OF THE ECCLESIASTICAL OFFICE. - It occurs when an ecclesiastical office lacks a holder. It can be de iure, when no legitimate… -
Vacario
VACARIO. - Glossator of Roman-Justinian law, styled as magister Vacarius, b. in Lombardy ca. 1115-20, d. in England after 1198. He studied… -
Vatican Fragments (FRAGMENTA VATICANA)
VATICAN FRAGMENTS. - This was the name given to a collection of pre-Justinianic law discovered by Cardinal A. Mai in the Vatican palimpsest… -
Vering, Friedrich Heinrich
VERING, FRIEDRICH HEINRICH. - Canonist, b. at Liesborn in Westphalia on 3 March 1833, d. at Prague on 30 March 1896. He did his legal… -
Veto
VETO. - The veto or exclusive (ius exclusionis, ius exclusivae) is one of the forms of interference by civil authority in the election of… -
Vicar (VICARIUS)
VICAR. - Title of an official of the Roman Empire. Initially an extraordinary representative of the praefectus praetorio, under Diocletian… -
Vicedominus (VICEDOMINO)
VICEDOMINUS. - For the patrimonial administrations of bishoprics and monasteries, Roman imperial legislation and the canons of the Eastern… -
Vidal, Pedro
VIDAL, PEDRO. - Jesuit, canonist, b. at Igualada (diocese of Barcelona) on 20 July 1867, d. at Rome on 24 Oct. 1938. Having entered the… -
Violation of Sacred Place (VIOLAZIONE DI LUOGO SACRO)
VIOLATION OF A SACRED PLACE. - The violation of churches, cemeteries and, in general, of any other thing that has been set aside for divine… -
Witness (TESTIMONE)
WITNESS. - A witness, or testis, is one who is called to attest to something. The facts of social life normally take place among people.… -
Woywod, Stanislaus
WOYWOD, STANISLAUS. - In the world Antonio, canonist, b. 10 Aug. 1880 at Guttstadt in the diocese of Warmia in Germany, d. 19 Sept. 1941 in… -
Zabarella, Francesco
ZABARELLA, FRANCESCO. - Jurist, cardinal, b. at Piove di Sacco (Padua) on 10 Aug. 1360, d. at Constance on 26 Sept. 1417. He studied law at… -
Zallinger zum Thurn, Jakob Anton
ZALLINGER ZUM THURN, JAKOB ANTON. - Jesuit, canonist and philosopher, b. at Bolzano on 26 July 1735, d. there on 11 Jan. 1813. He entered… -
Zallwein, Gregor
ZALLWEIN, GREGOR. - Canonist, b. at Oberviechtach on 20 Oct. 1712, d. at Salzburg between 6 and 9 Aug. 1766. He entered the Benedictine…