Landolfo SagaceVol. VII, p. 543 LANDOLFO SAGACE. - Perhaps a monk, he lived between the 10th and 11th centuries. Nothing is known of his personality: the only certainty is that he wrote…
Landone, Pope(LANDONE, PAPA)Vol. VII, p. 544 LANDONE, PAPA. — Almost nothing is known about this Pontiff. He was the son of a wealthy Lombard count from the Sabina, named Taino or Raino; he succeeded…
Landtspreger, Johannes(LANDTSPERGER, JOHANNES)Vol. VII, p. 544 LANDTSPERGER, JOHANNES. – German Carmelite, born between 1460 and 1470, probably at Landsberg am Lech (Swabia), died ca. 1528 at Bern (Switzerland). Having…
Landívar, Rafael(LANDIVAR, RAFAEL)Vol. VII, p. 543 LANDIVAR, RAFAEL. - Jesuit, humanist, b. at Guatemala on 29 Oct. 1731, d. at Bologna on 27 Sept. 1793. After teaching rhetoric and philosophy in the colleges…
Lanfranco da Crema (or da Cremona)(LANFRANCO DA CREMA (O DA CREMONA))Vol. VII, p. 544 LANFRANCO da CREMA (or da CREMONA). — Born in 1189, died at Bologna on 27 February 1229; remembered as one of the celebrated jurist masters of Bologna.…
Lanfranco di PaviaVol. VII, p. 545 LANFRANCO di PAVIA. — Benedictine theologian and archbishop of Canterbury, born in Pavia at the beginning of the 11th century, died at Canterbury on 28 May…
Lanfranco, GiovanniVol. VII, p. 544 LANFRANCO, GIOVANNI. — Painter, born in Parma on 26 January 1582, died in Rome on 30 November 1647. He was a pupil of Agostino Carracci, but later came under…
Lang, MatthäusVol. VII, p. 545 LANG, MATTHÄUS. — Cardinal, born in 1468 at Augsburg, into a fallen patrician family; died on 30 March 1540 at Salzburg. He entered the service of Emperor…
Lange, Friedrich AlbertVol. VII, p. 546 LANGE, FRIEDRICH ALBERT. — German philosopher, born at Wald near Solingen on 29 September 1828, died at Marburg on 21 December 1875. After teaching actively in…
Langenieux, Benoît-Marie(LANGENIEUX, BENGÎT-MARIE)Vol. VII, p. 546 LANGENIEUX, BENGÎT-MARIE. - Cardinal Archbishop of Reims, b. at Villefranche (Rhône) on 15 Oct. 1824, d. at Reims on 1 Jan. 1905. Ordained in 1850, he…
LangensteinVol. VII, p. 546 LANGENSTEIN: V. HEINBUCHE VON LANGENSTEIN, HEINRICH.
Langevin, Louis-Philippe-AdélardVol. VII, p. 546 LANGEVIN, LOUIS-PHILIPPE-ADÉLARD. - Archbishop, b. 23 Aug. 1853 at St-Isidore (Canada), d. 15 June 1915 at Montréal. In 1881 he became an Oblate of Mary…
Langland, WilliamVol. VII, p. 546 LANGLAND, WILLIAM. - Medieval English poet, born about 1332, died about 1400, according to the conjectures of W. W. Skeat. Nothing precise is known of his…
Langres, Diocese of(LANGRES, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 547 LANGRES, DIOCESE of. — Diocese and chief town of an arrondissement (department of Haute-Marne, France). The diocese extends over an area of 6,221 sq. km., with…
Langson and Caobang, Apostolic Vicariate of(LANGSON E CAOBANG, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. VII, p. 547 LANGSON e CAOBANG, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. - Situated in the extreme north-eastern corner of Tonkin (Vietnam), it comprises the two civil provinces of L., C.…
Langton, StephenVol. VII, p. 547 LANGTON, STEPHEN. — Theologian and cardinal, born in England c. 1150, died at Slindon on 9 July 1228. In Paris he attended the lectures of Giovanni Belethe and…
Language(LINGUAGGIO)Vol. VII, p. 827 LANGUAGE. – In its proper and common meaning, l. is spoken language, the means by which thought is expressed and communicated in human beings. In a derived…
Languet de Villeneuve de Gercy, Jean-JosephVol. VII, p. 548 LANGUET DE VILLENEUVE DE GERCY, JEAN-JOSEPH. - Archbishop of Sens, born at Digione on 24 Aug. 1677, died at Sens on 11 May 1753. He received his doctorate at…
Languet, Hubert (Hubertus Burgundus)Vol. VII, p. 548 LANGUET, HUBERT (Hubertus Burgundus). - French statesman, b. at Vitteaux in Burgundia in 1518, d. at Antwerp on 30 Sept. 1581. Highly learned in law, theology,…
Lanlung, Diocese of(LANLUNG, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 548 LANLUNG, DIOCESE of. — In south-central China. Established as an apostolic prefecture on 16 February 1922, comprising 9 civil subprefectures of the Kweiyang…
LansingVol. VII, p. 548 LANSING. - City and diocese in the State of Michigan (United States). It has an area of 8,713 square miles and comprises the counties of Berrien, Branch,…
Lansperger (Lansperg), Johann (Justus von Landsberg)(LANSPERGER (LANSPERGIO), JOHANN (IUSTUS VON LANDSBERG))Vol. VII, p. 548 LANSPERGER (LANSPERGIO), JOHANN (IUSTUS VON LANDSBERG). — Carthusian monk and ascetical writer, born at Landsberg in 1489 or 1490, died at Cologne on 11 August…
Lanteri, Pio BrunoneVol. VII, p. 551 LANTERI, PIO BRUNONE. — Founder of the Oblates of Mary the Virgin, born in Cuneo on 12 May 1759, died at Pinerolo on 5 August 1830. At the beginning of 1782 he…
Lantrua, Giovanni da Triora, Blessed(LANTRUA, GIOVANNI DA TRIORA, BEATO)Vol. VII, p. 551 LANTRUA, GIOVANNI da TRIORA, blessed. - Franciscan, b. at Triora (diocese of Albenga) on 15 March 1760, d. a martyr at Chan-xa (China) on 7 Feb. 1816. He was…
Lanusei, Diocese of(LANUSEI, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 551 LANUSEI, DIOCESI di: v. OGLIASTRA, DIOCESI di.
Lanza, AntonioVol. VII, p. 551 LANZA, ANTONIO. - Moral theologian, archbishop of Reggio Calabria, born at Castiglione Cosentino on 18 March 1905, died at Reggio Calabria on 23 June 1950.…
Lanzi, LuigiVol. VII, p. 552 LANZI, LUIGI. — Jesuit, archaeologist, philologist, and art historian, born at Treja (Macerata) on 4 June 1732, died at Florence on 31 March 1810 (and buried…
Lanzoni, FrancescoVol. VII, p. 552 LANZONI, FRANCESCO. — Church historian, b. at Faenza on 10 July 1862, d. there on 8 February 1929. From the diocesan seminary he went on to complete his…
Lao Tzu(LAOTSE)Vol. VII, p. 555 LAOTSE: v. TAOISMO.
Laodicea (Λαοδίκεια)Vol. VII, p. 553 LAODICEA (Λαοδίκεια). – City of Phrygia on the left bank of the Lycus (hence the distinguishing addition ἐπὶ or πρὸς τῷ Λύκῳ), a tributary of the Maeander.…
Laodicea Combusta, Diocese of(LAODICEA (LAODICEA COMBUSTA) IN LICAONIA)Vol. VII, p. 553 LAODICEA (Laodicea Combusta) in Licaonia. — A whole series of Christian inscriptions has been found there, important also for the hierarchy; the most notable…
Laodiceans, Epistle to the(LAODICESI, EPISTOLA AI)Vol. VII, p. 553 LAODICESI, EPISTOLA to the Laodiceans. — An apocryphal writing that was placed under the name of St. Paolo by virtue of Col. 4:16. As a foundation for…
Laohokow, Diocese of(LAOHOKOW, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 553 LAOHOKOW, DIOCESE of. — In China, in the civil province of Hupeh. Erected, under the name of Apostolic Vicariate of Northwestern Hupeh, on 11 September 1870,…
LaonVol. VII, p. 554 LAON. – An ancient diocese and the chief town of the département of Aisne, and the former capital of the Laonnois in northern France. Only the catalogue of the…
Laouënan, François-Jean-Marie(LAOUÉNAN, FRANÇOIS-JEAN-MARIE)Vol. VII, p. 555 LAOUÉNAN, FRANÇOIS-JEAN-MARIE. - B. on 9 Nov. 1822 at Lannion (Côtes du Nord), d. at Montbeton on 29 Sept. 1892. He entered the Seminary of the Paris Foreign…
Laparotomy, Obstetric(LAPARATOMIA OSTETRICA)Vol. VII, p. 555 LAPARATOMIA OSTETRICA: v. CESAREO TAGLIO.
Lapidation(LAPIDAZIONE)Vol. VII, p. 555 LAPIDATION. - Among the Jews, it was the ordinary capital punishment, which was applied when a different execution was not specified. In Hebrew it is expressed…
Lapini, Anna MariaVol. VII, p. 556 LAPINI, ANNA MARIA. — Born in Florence on 27 May 1809, she died there on 15 April 1860. Her religious vocation, opposed during her youth, was able to be…
Laplace, Pierre-SimonVol. VII, p. 556 LAPLACE, PIERRE-SIMON. – Astronomer and mathematician, b. at Beaumont-en-Ange (Calvados) on 23 March 1749, d. in Paris on 5 March 1827. He began his teaching…
Lapparent, Albert-Auguste deVol. VII, p. 556 LAPPARENT, ALBERT-AUGUSTE de. – One of the most authoritative French geologists, b. at Bourges on 30 December 1839, d. in Paris on 5 May 1908. He studied at…
Laprade, Pierre-Marin-Victor-Richard deVol. VII, p. 557 LAPRADE, PIERRE-MARIN-VICTOR-RICHARD de. - French poet, b. at Montbrison on 13 Jan. 1812, d. at Lyons on 13 Dec. 1883. Educated in legal studies, he soon…
Lapsi, Controversy of the(LAPSI, CONTROVERSIA DEI)Vol. VII, p. 557 LAPSI, CONTROVERSIA dei. — In the 3rd century, those Christians who apostatized from the faith during the persecution of Decius (250) were called l. The…
Larantuka, Apostolic Vicariate of(LARANTUKA, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. VII, p. 561 LARANTUKA, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. — Situated on the Island of Flores (Indonesia), it comprises the entire civil district of L., detached from the Apostolic…
Lardito, Juan Bautista(LARDITO, JUAN BAPTISTA)Vol. VII, p. 561 LARDITO, JUAN BAPTISTA. – Benedictine theologian, born in Madrid around 1650, where he died around 1720. In 1691 he received the first chair of theology at the…
LarentaliaVol. VII, p. 561 LARENTALIA. – A festival of Roman religion already fixed by the earliest calendar for 23 December. On this date, a funerary rite was held at the Velabrum,…
Largo, Saint, Martyr(LARGO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. VII, p. 561 LARGO, saint, martyr: v. CIRIACO, LARGO E SMARAGDO, santi.
LariVol. VII, p. 561 LARI — Lararium in the atrium of the House of Menander — Pompeii. The legendary figure demonstrates that it had originally been a divinity, whose precise…
Lari (Lares)Vol. VII, p. 561 LARI (Lares). - Lar in the singular, Lares in the plural, with or without specific epithets, are divinities of the most ancient Roman religion: they appear, in…
Larino, Diocese of(LARINO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 562 LARINO, DIOCESE of. - City and diocese in the province of Campobasso. It has 72,000 inhabitants, of whom 71,800 are Catholics. It has 22 parishes served by 51…
Laromiguière, PierreVol. VII, p. 563 LAROMIGUIÈRE, PIERRE. - Philosopher, b. at Livignac (Aveyron) on 3 Nov. 1756, d. at Paris on 12 Aug. 1837. He was ordained a priest in 1785, but celebrated…
Larvae (Larvae)(LARVE (LARVAE))Vol. VII, p. 563 LARVE (Larvae). - Among the Romans, they were the souls of those who had died in guilt and who, in their unceasing wandering, exercised a malevolent action in…
Las Casas, Bartolomé deVol. VII, p. 564 LAS CASAS, BARTOLOMÉ de. – Dominican, apostle and defender of the Indians of America, b. in Seville in 1474, d. in Madrid on 31 July 1566. From the time when…
Lasalde, CarlosVol. VII, p. 564 LASALDE, CARLOS. - Piarist, polymath, b. at Portillo (Spain) on 4 Nov. 1841, d. there on 4 Sept. 1906. One of the first Spaniards to write on grammatical…
Lasauix, Peter Ernst von(LASAULX, PETER ERNST VON)Vol. VII, p. 564 LASAULX, PETER ERNST von. – Thinker and politician, born on 16 March 1805 at Coblenz, died on 9 May 1861 at Munich. He studied classical philology and…
Laski, JanVol. VII, p. 565 LASKI, JAN. - Archbishop, primate of Poland, and statesman, b. at Lask in 1456, d. at Kalisz on 19 May 1531. He was ambassador to Rome in 1494, to Flanders in…
Lassalle, FerdinandVol. VII, p. 566 LASSALLE, FERDINAND. – Socialist agitator and philosopher, born of a Jewish family in Breslau on 11 April 1825, died in Geneva on 31 August 1864 (the actual…
Lasserre, PierreVol. VII, p. 566 LASSERRE, PIERRE. - French writer, b. at Orthez on 30 May 1867, d. at Paris on 7 Nov. 1930. He began with several essays on Nietzsche and musical drama, but…
LassismoVol. VII, p. 566 LASSISMO. — Laxism, rather than being a moral system distinct from others, is a tendency, a laxus opinandi modus, as Alexander VII called it, by virtue of…
Lasso (di), Orlando (Roland de Lattre, Orlandus Lassus)Vol. VII, p. 569 LASSO (di), ORLANDO (Roland de Lattre, Orlandus Lassus). — Musician, born at Mons (Belgium), probably in 1532, died at Munich on 14 June 1594. As a boy…
Lataste, MarieVol. VII, p. 570 LATASTE, MARIE. – Mystic, coadjutrix sister of the Ladies of the Sacred Heart, born at Mimbaste (Landes) on 21 February 1822, died at Rennes on 10 May 1847.…
Lateau, LouiseVol. VII, p. 571 LATEAU, LOUISE. - Mystic and stigmatist, born at Bois d'Haine (Belgium) on 29 Jan. 1850; died there on 25 Aug. 1883. The daughter of extremely poor peasants,…
Lateran Councils(LATERANENSI CONCILI)Vol. VII, p. 571 LATERANENSI CONCILI. — The I L. C. — This is the ninth ecumenical council (the first in the West), celebrated on 18–27 (28) March 1123 by Callisto II (v.),…
Lateran Pacts(LATERANENSI PATTI)Vol. VII, p. 573 LATERANENSI PATTI: V. PATTI LATERANENSI.
Lateran Pacts(PATTI LATERANENSI)Vol. IX, p. 615 LATERAN PACTS. — These are the agreements concluded between the Holy See and the Italian State on 11 February 1929, by which the Roman Question (v.) was…
LateranumVol. VII, p. 573 LATERANUM. – Collection of monographs of a scholarly character published under the direction of the Faculty of Theology of the Pontifical Lateran Athenaeum.…
LatifondoVol. VII, p. 573 LATIFONDO. — Property of great extent belonging to a single owner. From the technical-economic point of view, l. may be more precisely defined as a holding of…
Latil, Jean-Baptiste-Marie-Anne-Antoine, Count of(LATIL, JEAN-BAPTISTE-MARIE-ANNE-ANTOINE, CONTE DI)Vol. VII, p. 574 LATIL, JEAN-BAPTISTE-MARIE-ANNE-ANTOINE, comte de. - Cardinal, b. 6 May 1761 on the island of S. Margherita (Var), d. 1 Dec. 1839 at Gemenos…
Latimer, Hugh(LATIMER, HUG)Vol. VII, p. 574 LATIMER, HUG. — Anglican bishop, one of the leaders of the English “Reformation,” born at Thurcaston (Leicestershire) ca. 1480–90, died at Oxford in 1555.…
Latin Feriae(LATINE FERIE)Vol. VII, p. 574 LATINE FERIE. – Ancient festival celebrated on Mons Albanus (present-day Monte Cavo) in honour of Jupiter Latiaris. The relevant testimonies naturally derive…
Latin Letters, Secretariat of(LETTERE LATINE, SEGRETERIA DELLE)Vol. VII, p. 732 LETTERE LATINE, SEGRETERIA delle: v. SEGRETERIA DELLE LETTERE LATINE.
Latin Versions of the Bible(LATINE VERSIONI DELLA BIBBIA)Vol. VII, p. 575 LATIN VERSIONS OF THE BIBLE. – Before the Jeromean Vulgate (v.), there were in use v. l., partially preserved, in the Christian communities of Africa and…
Latini, BrunettoVol. VII, p. 576 LATINI, BRUNETTO. — Notary and man of letters, born in Florence around 1220, died there around 1294. In 1260 he was sent by the Florentine Guelphs to seek…
Latitudinarians (Latitudinarian Church)(LATITUDINARI (CHIESA LATA))Vol. VII, p. 578 LATITUDINARI (BROAD CHURCH). — A name already used in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and applied to those who “looked toward Lambeth and rowed toward…
Latomus, Bartholomeus(LATOMUS, BARTOLOMEUS)Vol. VII, p. 578 LATOMUS, BARTOLOMEUS. - Luxembourgian theologian and humanist, b. at Arlon between 1485 and 1490, d. at Coblenza on 3 Jan. 1570. He Hellenized his father’s…
Latomus, Jakob (Jacques Masson)Vol. VII, p. 578 LATOMUS, JAKOB (JACQUES MASSON). — Theologian, born at Cambron (Hennegau) around 1475, died at Louvain on 29 May 1544. In Paris he obtained the degree of…
Latona (Ἀγτώ)(LATONA (ἈΓΤΩ͂))Vol. VII, p. 579 LATONA (Ἀγτῶ). - Greek goddess, daughter of the Titan Koios and Phoebea; beloved by Zeus, to escape the wrath of Era she took refuge on Delos—the wandering…
Latvia(LETTONIA (LATVIA))Vol. VII, p. 733 LATVIA (Latvia). - A Baltic republic, proclaimed independent from the Russian Empire on 18 November 1918 and annexed, as a federated republic, to the U.S.S.R.…
Laud, WilliamVol. VII, p. 581 LAUD, WILLIAM. — Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury, born at Reading on 7 October 1573, died beheaded in London on 10 January 1645. Ordained a minister in 1601,…
LaudaVol. VII, p. 581 LAUDA. — The spiritual l., extraliturgical religious songs in the vernacular, developed in the 13th century in Umbria and then in Tuscany, with the emergence…
Lauda Sion SalvatoremVol. VII, p. 582 «LAUDA SION SALVATOREM». - Sequence of the Mass for Corpus Christi, composed by St Thomas Aquinas, probably at Orvieto in 1264, on the occasion of the bull…
Laudes DominiVol. VII, p. 583 LAUDES DOMINI. - Anonymous short poem from the beginning of the 4th century, the work of a rhetorician from Flavia Aeduorum (= Autun), who composed in 148…
Lauds (Morning Praise)(LODI (LAUDES MATUTINAE))Vol. VII, p. 884 LODI (Laudes matutinae). — Solemn prayer at sunrise, already in use in the first Christian centuries (Tertullian, De oratione, 25: «ingressu lucis»;…
Lauer, Aloysius(LAUER, ALOVSIUS)Vol. VII, p. 583 LAUER, ALOVSIUS. - First Minister General of the Friars Minor after the union of their families (1897), born at Katholisch-Willenroth in Hesse on 28 Aug. 1833,…
Launoy, Jean deVol. VII, p. 583 LAUNOY, JEAN de. — Gallican theologian, born at Valdecic (Picardy) on 21 December 1603, died in Paris on 10 March 1678. In 1636 he obtained his doctorate in…
Laura (Ἡ Λαύρα)Vol. VII, p. 583 LAURA (ἡ λαύρα). – Byzantine monastic organization. The term, which in lexical value corresponds to the Latin vicus (cf. Arnobius, Adv. gent., 3, 41: PL 5,…
Laurana, FrancescoVol. VII, p. 584 LAURANA, FRANCESCO. — Sculptor, born in Dalmatia, perhaps in Zara, during the first decades of the fifteenth century, and active in Naples, the Marches,…
Laurana, LucianoVol. VII, p. 587 LAURANA, LUCIANO. — Architect, born in Zara probably between 1420 and 1425, and active in Naples, Mantua, Urbino, Pesaro, and Senigallia; died in Pesaro in…
LaureaVol. VII, p. 587 LAUREA. — This is the title obtained after attending the courses of a university faculty and passing the corresponding examinations by means of a public…
Laurentie, Pierre-SébastienVol. VII, p. 587 LAURENTIE, PIERRE-SÉBASTIEN. - French publicist and historian, b. at Houga (Gers) on 21 Jan. 1793, d. in Paris on 9 Feb. 1876. Having settled in Paris in 1816,…
Laurentius, JosephVol. VII, p. 588 LAURENTIUS, JOSEPH. - Jesuit canonist, b. at Krefeld in Germany on 24 Dec. 1861, d. at Valkenburg in Holland on 22 March 1927. He entered the Society in 1879…
Laureo, VincenzoVol. VII, p. 588 LAUREO, VINCENZO. - Cardinal, b. at Tropea in Calabria on 28 March 1525, to Antonello and Raimonda Milliaris. He studied at Padua and thence went to Rome,…
Laus Perennis (Ἔπαυστος Λειτουργία [or Δοξολογία])(LAUS PERENNIS (ἜΠΑΥΣΤΟΣ ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΊΑ [OPPURE ΔΟΞΟΛΟΓΊΑ]))Vol. VII, p. 588 LAUS PERENNIS (ἔπαυστος λειτουργία [or δοξολογία]). — Historians of ancient monasticism understand by l. p. perpetual psalmody, that is, the organization of…
Lausanne, Conferences of(LOSANNA, CONFERENZE DI)Vol. VII, p. 942 LOSANNA, CONFERENZE di : v. CONFERENZE PANCRISTIANE.
Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg, Dioceses of(LOSANNA, GINEVRA E FRIBURGO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 942 LOSANNA, GINEVRA AND FRIBURGO, DIOCESE OF. — The diocese comprises four cantons: Friburgo, Vaud (except for the triangle which, south of Lake Geneva, extends…
LavaboVol. VII, p. 588 LAVABO. — Place and installation for ablutions. It became part of ecclesiastical furnishings from the earliest Christian times, and in use followed the…
Laval, Diocese of(LAVAL, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 589 LAVAL, DIOCESI di. – Diocese and chief town of the department of Mayenne in France. It has an area of 5,170 sq. km., with a population of 254,479 inhabitants,…
Lavant, Diocese of(LAVANT, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 591 LAVANT, DIOCESE of. — A diocese in Yugoslavia, with its residence in Maribor in northern Slovenia. Over an area of 7,398 sq. km., it includes 638,786 Catholics…
Lavater, Johann KasparVol. VII, p. 591 LAVATER, JOHANN KASPAR. - Protestant writer and pastor, b. in Zurich on 15 Nov. 1741, d. there on 2 Jan. 1801. He formed his philosophical and religious…
Lavaur, Archdiocese of(LAVAUR, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 591 LAVAUR, ARCIDIOCESI di: v. ALBI, ARCIDIOCESI di.
Lavedan, HenriVol. VII, p. 591 LAVEDAN, HENRI. - French playwright and novelist, son of Hubert-Léon, a highly spirited political writer, b. at Orléans in 1859 and d. at Vichy on 30 Sept.…
Lavigerie, Charles-MartialVol. VII, p. 591 LAVIGERIE, CHARLES-MARTIAL. - Cardinal, b. at Huire, near Baiona, on Oct. 13, 1825, d. in Algeri on Nov. 25, 1892. Ordained priest on June 2, 1849, he was for…
Lavoisier, Laurent-AntoineVol. VII, p. 592 LAVOISIER, LAURENT-ANTOINE. - Celebrated chemist, b. in Paris on 26 Aug. 1743, d. there on 8 May 1794. He was the first to explain the true function of oxygen,…
Law(DIRITTO)Vol. IV, p. 981 LAW. – This noun, which can be considered a common heritage in the languages of civilized peoples, derives etymologically in an immediate sense from the Latin…
Law(LEGGE)Vol. VII, p. 634 LAW. - In general, it indicates the "constant form" that becoming must assume, whether in physical phenomena (physical law) or in human actions (moral and…
Law of Citations(LEGGE DELLE CITAZIONI)Vol. VII, p. 644 LAW OF CITATIONS. — Name by which part of a constitution issued at Ravenna in 426 by Valentinian III is designated, a constitution which, as a whole, sought to…
Law of Guarantees(GUARENTIGIE, LEGGE DELLE)Vol. VI, p. 722 GUARENTIGIE, LEGGE delle : v. LEGGE DELLE GUARENTIGIE.
Law of Guarantees(LEGGE DELLE GUARENTIGIE)Vol. VII, p. 644 LEGGE DELLE GUARENTIGIE. – When the Italian government completed the occupation of Rome (20 Sept. 1870), the grave problem of relations between the State and…
Law of Jealousy(GELOSIA, LEGGE DI)Vol. V, p. 1176 JEALOUSY, LAW of. - According to the law contained in Num. 5:11 ff., a husband who harbours suspicions concerning his wife’s fidelity, suspicions not confirmed…
Lawrence Giustiniani, Saint(LORENZO GIUSTINIANI, SANTO)Vol. VII, p. 935 LORENZO GIUSTINIANI, saint. – Born in Venice to Bernardo Giustiniani and Querina Querini on 1 July 1381, died there on 8 January 1456. At the age of twenty-one…
Lawrence of Brindisi, Saint(LORENZO DA BRINDISI, SANTO)Vol. VII, p. 931 LORENZO da BRINDISI, Saint. — Capuchin, born at Brindisi on 22 July 1559, died at Belém near Lisbon on 22 July 1619. He entered the novitiate of the Venetian…
Lawrence of Canterbury, Saint, Archbishop(LORENZO DI CANTERBURY, ARCIVESCOVO, SANTO)Vol. VII, p. 932 LORENZO of CANTERBURY, archbishop, saint. - The date and place of his birth are unknown; he died on 2 Feb. 619 at Canterbury. In 595 he went from Rome to…
Lawrence of Ripafratta, Blessed(LORENZO DA RIPAFRATTA, BEATO)Vol. VII, p. 934 LORENZO da RIPAFRATTA, blessed. - Dominican, born at Ripafratta (Pisa) on 24 March 1359, died at Pistoia on 28 Sept. 1457. He received the religious habit at…
Lawrence the Corazzato, Blessed(LORENZO IL CORAZZATO, BEATO)Vol. VII, p. 932 LORENZO il CORAZZATO, blessed. — Monk and hermit, born at Fanello near Foggia, died at Subiaco on 16 August 1243. For an involuntary homicide, he went on a…
Lawrence, Antipope(LORENZO, ANTIPAPA)Vol. VII, p. 931 LORENZO, ANTIPAPA. — After the death of Pope Anastasius I, he was acclaimed pontiff by part of the clergy and by the majority of the Senate, which sympathized…
Lawrence, David HerbertVol. VII, p. 601 LAWRENCE, DAVID HERBERT. – English writer, born on 11 September 1885 in Eastwood, died on 2 March 1930 in Vence. He is among the most representative novelists…
Lawrence, Saint, Martyr(LORENZO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. VII, p. 927 LORENZO, Saint and Martyr. — Archdeacon of the Roman Church, put to death on 10 August 258, together with the subdeacon Claudius, the priest Severus, the…
LayamonVol. VII, p. 602 LAYAMON. — English ecclesiastic of the 13th century, whose name is a variant of Lawman (man of law). He is the author of the first English poem on the…
Laying on of Hands(IMPOSIZIONE DELLE MANI)Vol. VI, p. 994 IMPOSITION OF HANDS. — A liturgical rite rich in symbolism and frequently used in the Church. In Greek, the technical term for it is χειροτονία (from the verb…
Laymann, PaulVol. VII, p. 602 LAYMANN, PAUL. – Jesuit and moral theologian, born at Arzl near Innsbruck in 1574, died at Constance on 13 November 1635. He taught philosophy at Ingolstadt…
Lazarists(LAZZARISTI)Vol. VII, p. 610 LAZZARISTI: V. CONGREGAZIONI DELLA MISSIONE.
Lazarus(LAZZARO)Vol. VII, p. 610 LAZZARO. – Russian Raskolnik, died in 1681. The documents designate him as a priest of Romanoborisoglevsk (government of Jaroslav); but he carried out his…
Lazarus of Bethany(LAZZARO DI BETHANIA)Vol. VII, p. 610 LAZZARO di BETHANIA. – Brother of Marta (v.) and Maria, friend and table companion of Jesus (Io. 11, 5, 36; Mt. 21, 17; Mc. 11, 11), and raised from the dead…
Lazarus of Parb (Pharpi; Parbetzi)(LAZZARO DI PARB (PHARPI; PARBETZI))Vol. VII, p. 612 LAZZARO of PARB (PHARPI; PARBETZI). - Armenian author, priest, b. c. 440, author of a history of the Armenian people, continuing that of Fausto di Bisanzio,…
Lazarus, The Beggar(LAZZARO, IL MENDICO)Vol. VII, p. 611 LAZZARO, the BEGGAR. – He is mentioned by Jesus in the parable of Lc. 16:19–31. Tertullian, St. Ambrose, St. Jerome, St. Irenaeus, St. Bonaventure, C. a…
LazioVol. VII, p. 602 LAZIO. - I. GEOGRAPHY. - This name, which originally applied to a small territory S. of Rome, today designates the southernmost region of central Italy,…
Lazzaretto (Hospital)(LAZZARETTO (OSPEDALE))Vol. VII, p. 609 LAZZARETTO (OSPEDALE). — As epidemics spread during the second half of the fourteenth century, people began to isolate those suffering from contagious…
Laínez, DiegoVol. VII, p. 506 LAÍNEZ, DIEGO. – Theologian, second Superior General of the Society of Jesus, born in 1512 at Almazán (Castile), died on 19 January 1565 in Rome. Of great…
Le Bachelet, Camille (François-Xavier)Vol. VII, p. 613 LE BACHELET, CAMILLE (FRANÇOIS-XAVIER). – Jesuit, theologian, born in Paris on 14 January 1855, died there on 23 September 1925. He entered the Society of…
Le Blant, Edmond-Frédéric(LE BLANT, EDMOND-FRÉDERIC)Vol. VII, p. 616 LE BLANT, EDMOND-FRÉDÉRIC. — French epigraphist and archaeologist, born in Paris on 12 August 1818, died there on 5 July 1897. He pursued literary and legal…
Le Brun, PierreVol. VII, p. 616 LE BRUN, PIERRE. — Oratorian liturgist and theologian, b. 11 June 1661 at Brignoles (Var), d. in Paris on 6 January 1729. Having become a priest in 1685, he…
Le Camus, Émile-Paul(LE CAMUS, EMILE-PAUL)Vol. VII, p. 617 LE CAMUS, EMILE-PAUL. - Biblical scholar, b. at Malvirade, near Castelnaudary, 24 Aug. 1839, d. there 28 Sept. 1906. Le C., one of the most eminent figures of…
Le Camus, Étienne(LE CAMUS, ETIENNE)Vol. VII, p. 617 LE CAMUS, ETIENNE. - Cardinal, b. in Paris on 4 Sept. 1632, d. in Grenoble on 22 Sept. 1707. Doctor of theology in 1650, because of his preaching against…
Le Cardonnel, LouisVol. VII, p. 617 LE CARDONNEL, LOUIS. - French poet, b. at Valence (Drôme) on 25 Feb. 1862, d. at Avignone on 28 May 1936. In his youth he actively participated in the…
Le Clerc du TrembleyVol. VII, p. 619 LE CLERC DU TREMBLEY: v. GIUSEPPE DA PARIGI.
Le Correspondant(CORRESPONDANT, LE)Vol. IV, p. 381 CORRESPONDANT, LE. — French Catholic periodical, published from 1829 as a weekly, then twice-weekly until 1831. From 1843 it was published in the form of a…
Le Fèvre d'Étaples, Jacques(LE FÈVRE D'ETAPLES, JACQUES)Vol. VII, p. 621 LE FÈVRE D'ETAPLES, JACQUES. — Born at Etaples around 1455, died at Nérac in January 1536. A writer and exegete, he began to shape his thought along the lines…
Le Gros (Le Groux), Pierre, the Younger(LEGROS (LE GROS), PIERRE, IL GIOVANE)Vol. VII, p. 655 LEGROS (LE GROS), PIERRE, the Younger. – French sculptor, born in Paris on 12 November 1666, died in Rome on 3 May 1719. Son of the sculptor Pietro L., who…
Le Hir, Arthur-MarieVol. VII, p. 656 LE HIR, ARTHUR-MARIE. - Exegete and Hebraist, b. at Malvaise (Finistère) on 5 Dec. 1811, d. at Paris on 18 Jan. 1868. He studied at the Seminary of St-Sulpice,…
Le Mans, Diocese of(LE MANS, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 664 LE MANS, DIOCESE of. – City and diocese in the department of Sarthe in France. Over an area of 6,244 sq. km. it has a population of 412,214 inhabitants, of…
Le Moyne, Jean (Ioannes Monachus)Vol. VII, p. 665 LE MOYNE, JEAN (IOANNES MONACHUS). — Distinguished canonist, born in the first half of the 13th century, died at Avignon on 22 August 1313. After moving to…
Le Nobletz, MargueriteVol. VII, p. 669 LE NOBLETZ, MARGUERITE. – Sister of Michel Le N., born at Kerodern in Plouguerneau (formerly the diocese of Léon) in 1583, died at Ploaré in 1633. Persuaded by…
Le Nobletz, Michel, Venerable(LE NOBLETZ, MICHEL, VENERABILE)Vol. VII, p. 669 LE NOBLETZ, MICHEL, venerable.—Popular missionary in Brittany, born at Kerodern in Plouguerneau (formerly in the diocese of Léon) on 29 September 1577, died at…
Le Play, FrédéricVol. VII, p. 719 LE PLAY, FRÉDÉRIC. - Engineer and professor, precursor of the Catholic social movement, though on a purely observational level; b. at La-Rivière-St-Sauveur on…
Le Puy-en-Velay(LE-PUY-EN-VELAY)Vol. VII, p. 720 LE-PUY-EN-VELAY – Cloister of the cathedral (11th–12th centuries), restored in the 19th century. the baptistery; the cruciform basin was accessed by means of…
Le Puy-en-Velay, Diocese of(LE-PUY-EN-VELAY, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 720 LE-PUY-en-VELAY, DIOCESE of. — City and diocesan capital of the department of Haute-Loire in France, at the foot of Mount Anis, whence the Latin name of the…
Le Sueur, EustacheVol. VII, p. 727 LE SUEUR, EUSTACHE. - Painter, born in Paris on 18 Nov. 1617 (or 1616), died there on 30 Apr. 1655, son of the wood sculptor Chathelin L., of Picard origin. He…
Le Tellier, MichelVol. VII, p. 728 LE TELLIER, MICHEL. – Jesuit, apologist, born at Vire, near Cherbourg, on 16 December 1643, died at La Flèche on 2 September 1719. He taught literature and…
Le Vacher, JeanVol. VII, p. 739 LE VACHER, JEAN. - Among the first followers of s. Vincenzo de' Paoli, b. at Ecouen on 15 March 1619, d. at Algiers on 26 July 1683. Ordained priest (1647), he…
Le Vau, LouisVol. VII, p. 739 LE VAU, LOUIS. - French architect, born in Paris in 1612 and died there on 11 October 1670. He was also in Italy, particularly in Genoa and Rome. Among his…
Lea, Henry CharlesVol. VII, p. 612 LEA, HENRY CHARLES. - Protestant historian and publisher, b. 19 Sept. 1825 in Philadelphia, d. there 24 Oct. 1909. In 1843 he entered his father's publishing…
Lea, Saint(LEA, SANTA)Vol. VII, p. 612 LEA, saint. – Noble Roman widow of the fourth century. She was one of the most assiduous participants in the spiritual circle that had formed on the Aventine,…
League of Nations(SOCIETÀ DELLE NAZIONI)Vol. XI, p. 518 SOCIETÀ DELLE NAZIONI. — Association among States for the maintenance of peace and the better governance of relations among peoples. The aspiration to bring…
Leah (Heb. Lē'ah, Gr. Acix)(LIA (EBR. LĒ'AH, GR. ACIX))Vol. VII, p. 745 LIA (Hebr. Lē’ah, Gr. Acix). — Daughter of Laban and elder sister of Rachel (v.). Her father gave her in marriage to Jacob in place of Rachel, who was the…
Leandro da DigioneVol. VII, p. 612 LEANDRO da DIGIONE. — Capuchin preacher and writer, of the province of Lyon, born at Dijon around 1598, died there in 1667. He was superior at Tournon…
Leandro of San Martino (Jones, John)(LEANDRO DI SAN MARTINO (JONES JOHN))Vol. VII, p. 612 LEANDRO di SAN MARTINO (JONES JOHN). — Benedictine theologian, born in London to a Protestant family in 1575; died there on 27 December 1636. He attended the…
Leandro of Seville, Saint(LEANDRO DI SIVIGLIA, SANTO)Vol. VII, p. 612 LEANDRO di SIVIGLIA, saint. – Born in Cartagena, of a Roman family, before 549; died at Seville on 13 March 600 or 601. First a Benedictine monk and later…
Lease, Contract of(LOCAZIONE, CONTRATTO DI)Vol. VII, p. 880 LEASE, CONTRACT OF.—Three kinds of lease are distinguished: the lease of things, the lease of works, and the lease of services. Departing from the old Code of…
Leavenworth, Diocese of(LEAVENWORTH, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 613 LEAVENWORTH, DIOCESI di: v. KANSAS CITY in KANSAS, DIOCESI di.
Lebanon(LIBANO)Vol. VII, p. 746 LIBANO. – A state that proclaimed itself independent on 26 November 1941 and encompasses the southwestern part of Syria. It takes its name from the eponymous…
Lebbe, VincentVol. VII, p. 613 LEBBE, VINCENT. – Missionary of St Vincent, “apostle of modern China,” born in Ghent on 17 August 1877, died in Nanking on 24 June 1940 (in China known by the…
Lebbeo(LEBBEÒ)Vol. VII, p. 613 LEBBEÒ: v. GIUDA TADDEO.
Lebedev, Aleksandr AleksevičVol. VII, p. 615 LEBEDEV, ALEKSANDR ALEKSEVIČ. - Archpriest, Russian theologian, polemicist. Born in Moscow in 1823 to a priest, he studied from 1854 to 1858 at the Moscow…
Lebedev, Aleksej PetrovičVol. VII, p. 615 LEBEDEV, ALEKSEJ PETROVIČ. - Russian “Orthodox” theologian and ecclesiastical historian, b. 2 March 1845 at Očacov, d. 14 July 1908 at Moscow. Professor of…
Lebna (Heb. Libhná; Gr. Lechna, Lochna)(LEBNA (EBR. LIBHNÁH; GR. ΛΕΧΝΆ, ΛΟΧΝΆ))Vol. VII, p. 616 LEBNA (Hebr. Libhnáh; Greek Λεχνά, Λοχνά). — A city of Palestine situated between Maceda and Lachis (Ios. 10:29–31). Captured by Joshua (Ios. 10:30, 39;…
Lebuino (Lebuinus, Liafwin, Liwin, Lewin), Saint(LEBUINO (LEBUINUS, LIAFWIN, LIWIN, LEWIN), SANTO)Vol. VII, p. 617 LEBUINO (Lebuinus, LIAFWIN, LIWIN, LEWIN), saint. — Born in England of Anglo-Saxon parents, at an unknown date. In the monastery where he was educated, he…
Lecce, Diocese of(LECCE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 618 LECCE, DIOCESI di. — Suffragan of Otranto; the city of L. is also the provincial capital in the Salentine peninsula. It is the heir of the ancient Iapygian…
Leclercq (d'Orlancourt), HenriVol. VII, p. 619 LECLERCQ (d'ORLANCOURT), HENRI. — Polymath, born in Tournai on 4 December 1869, died in London on 23 March 1945. Naturalized French, he entered the Benedictine…
Lectern(LEGGIO)Vol. VII, p. 650 LEGGIO. — Furnishing intended to support a liturgical book for public reading. It first appeared fixed upon ambons and, like the latter, made of stone. Later,…
Lectionary(LEZIONARIO)Vol. VII, p. 744 LEZIONARIO. — (Lectionarium, or -ius: from lectio, reading). This was the name given to the book containing passages from Sacred Scripture for liturgical use.…
LectoriumVol. VII, p. 619 LECTORIUM. — A dividing wall between choir and nave in medieval churches. In French called jubé, in English rood screen or roodloft, that is, “tribune of the…
Lectoure, Diocese of(LECTOURE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 620 LECTOURE, DIOCESI di : v. AUCH, DIOCESI di.
Lectureship(LETTORATO)Vol. VII, p. 736 LETTORATO. — It is the second of the minor Orders in the Latin Church, and the only minor Order in the Eastern Church, since the subdiaconate was recognized as…
Ledesma, Pedro deVol. VII, p. 620 LEDESMA, PEDRO de. — Dominican theologian, born in Salamanca around 1550, died there on 9 September 1616. He taught theology first at Segovia, then at Avila,…
Ledóchowska, Maria TheresiaVol. VII, p. 620 LEDÓCHOWSKA, MARIA THERESIA. - Born at Loosdorf (Austria) on 29 April 1863, died at Rome on 6 July 1922. Of exceptional intelligence, she was versed in letters…
Ledóchowska, Orsola (Giulia)Vol. VII, p. 620 LEDÓCHOWSKA, ORSOLA (GIULIA). – Born on 17 April 1865 at Loosdorf (Austria), died in Rome on 29 May 1939, foundress and first superior general of the Ursulines…
Ledóchowski, Mieczysław Halka, Count of(LEDÓCHOWSKI, MIECZYSLAW HALKA, CONTE DI)Vol. VII, p. 620 LEDÓCHOWSKI, MIECZYSLAW HALKA, count of. — Cardinal, born on 29 October 1822 at Górki (diocese of Sandomir), died on 22 July 1902 in Rome. He studied at Radom…
Ledóchowski, WłodzimierzVol. VII, p. 621 LEDÓCHOWSKI, WŁODZIMIERZ. — Twenty-sixth Superior General of the Society of Jesus, born at Loosdorf (Austria) on 7 October 1866, died in Rome on 13 December…
Leeds, Diocese of(LEAD, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 612 LEAD, DIOCESI di: v. RAPID CITY, DIOCESI di.
Leeds, Diocese of(LEEDS (LOIDIS), DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 621 LEEDS (Loidis), DIOCESE of. — City and diocese in England, suffragan of Liverpool. It has 3,354,395 inhabitants, of whom 178,000 are Catholics, distributed…
Lega, Maria TeresaVol. VII, p. 622 LEGA, MARIA TERESA. — Born at Brisighella (Faenza) on 13 January 1812, died at Cesena on 27 January 1890. At the age of 21 she donned the habit of the…
Lega, MicheleVol. VII, p. 622 LEGA, MICHELE. — Cardinal, born at Brisighella (Faenza) on 1 January 1860, died at Rome on 16 December 1935. After obtaining degrees in philosophy and…
Legal Act(ATTO GIURIDICO)Vol. II, p. 232 ATTO GIURIDICO. — Distinct from the human act considered in the moral order is the juridical act, which is any act having juridical significance, or the…
Legal Aid(PATROCINIO GRATUITO)Vol. IX, p. 606 FREE LEGAL AID. — This is the exemption from judicial expenses granted to the poor, who are unable to bear the costs of litigation. The text of can. 1914 of…
Legal Fact(FATTO GIURIDICO)Vol. V, p. 646 FATTO GIURIDICO : v. ATTO GIURIDICO.
Legal Formulas(FORMOLE GIURIDICHE)Vol. V, p. 908 LEGAL FORMULAS. – These are determinate combinations of words that, taken as a whole, reproduce corresponding norms or models for forensic or administrative…
Legal Subject(SOGGETTO DI DIRITTO)Vol. XI, p. 547 SUBJECT OF LAW. – This is the person to whom the legal order attributes or recognizes the aptitude to be the holder of rights. This aptitude is also called…
Legal Transaction(NEGOZIO GIURIDICO)Vol. VIII, p. 1019 LEGAL TRANSACTION. — It is commonly defined as a private manifestation of will directed toward a practical purpose (the constitution, modification, or…
Legal, Émile-Joseph(LEGAL, EMILE-JOSEPH,)Vol. VII, p. 623 LEGAL, EMILE-JOSEPH, — Born on 9 October 1849 at Jean-de Boiseau, diocese of Nantes; died on 10 March 1920 at Edmonton. Ordained a priest in 1876 and an Oblate…
Legate(LEGATO)Vol. VII, p. 624 LEGATE. — This is the title assigned, in various systems, to one who performs the functions of a representative, with or without diplomatic status. I. ROMAN…
Legation, Right of(LEGAZIONE, DIRITTO DI)Vol. VII, p. 632 LEGATION, RIGHT OF. — The right of l. is a public subjective right, an attribute of sovereignty, which is exercised by sending (active l.) and receiving…
Legations(LEGAZIONI)Vol. VII, p. 632 LEGAZIONI. - Supreme Pontiff Clement XI (1701-21), in the reorganization of the State, which he undertook despite the very serious events by which it LEGATURA…
Legaudier, AntoineVol. VII, p. 632 LEGAUDIER, ANTOINE. - Jesuit, ascetical writer, b. at Chateau-Thierry on 7 Jan. 1572, d. at Paris on 14 Apr. 1622. He was professor of Sacred Scripture at…
Legend(LEGGENDA)Vol. VII, p. 646 LEGEND. - I. NOTIONS. - From the gerundive of legere (legenda, “to be read”), with reference to passages from the lives of the saints whose reading was…
Legendary(LEGGENDARIO)Vol. VII, p. 648 LEGGENDARIO : v. PASSIONARIO.
Leger, Antonio e GiovanniVol. VII, p. 633 LEGER, ANTONIO and GIOVANNI. — Waldensian pastors of the seventeenth century. ANTONIO, after studying in Geneva and serving as pastor from 1626 to 1628, went…
Legio FulminataVol. VII, p. 651 LEGIO FULMINATA. — This was the twelfth Roman legion, which, after taking part in the siege of Jerusalem under Vespasian, was stationed at Melitene in Armenia.…
Legion of Mary(LEGIO MARIAE)Vol. VII, p. 651 LEGIO MARIAE : v. MILIZIA dell'IMMACOLATA.
Legitimacy(LEGITTIMITÀ)Vol. VII, p. 653 LEGITTIMITÀ. – In general, it is conformity with the nature of things, with right, and with the law. I. CONCEPT. — The term legitimate (from which the abstract…
