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L'Eco Di Bergamo(ECO DI BERGAMO, L')Vol. V, p. 53 ECO DI BERGAMO, L'. — Catholic daily newspaper, founded as one of the expressions of the social movement of Italian Catholics, which had one of its principal…
Le Bachelet, Camille (François-Xavier)Vol. VII, p. 613 LE BACHELET, CAMILLE (FRANÇOIS-XAVIER). – Jesuit, theologian, born in Paris on 14 January 1855, died there on 23 September 1925. He entered the Society of…
Le Blant, Edmond-Frédéric(LE BLANT, EDMOND-FRÉDERIC)Vol. VII, p. 616 LE BLANT, EDMOND-FRÉDÉRIC. — French epigraphist and archaeologist, born in Paris on 12 August 1818, died there on 5 July 1897. He pursued literary and legal…
Le Brun, PierreVol. VII, p. 616 LE BRUN, PIERRE. — Oratorian liturgist and theologian, b. 11 June 1661 at Brignoles (Var), d. in Paris on 6 January 1729. Having become a priest in 1685, he…
Le Camus, Émile-Paul(LE CAMUS, EMILE-PAUL)Vol. VII, p. 617 LE CAMUS, EMILE-PAUL. - Biblical scholar, b. at Malvirade, near Castelnaudary, 24 Aug. 1839, d. there 28 Sept. 1906. Le C., one of the most eminent figures of…
Le Camus, Étienne(LE CAMUS, ETIENNE)Vol. VII, p. 617 LE CAMUS, ETIENNE. - Cardinal, b. in Paris on 4 Sept. 1632, d. in Grenoble on 22 Sept. 1707. Doctor of theology in 1650, because of his preaching against…
Le Cardonnel, LouisVol. VII, p. 617 LE CARDONNEL, LOUIS. - French poet, b. at Valence (Drôme) on 25 Feb. 1862, d. at Avignone on 28 May 1936. In his youth he actively participated in the…
Le Clerc du TrembleyVol. VII, p. 619 LE CLERC DU TREMBLEY: v. GIUSEPPE DA PARIGI.
Le Correspondant(CORRESPONDANT, LE)Vol. IV, p. 381 CORRESPONDANT, LE. — French Catholic periodical, published from 1829 as a weekly, then twice-weekly until 1831. From 1843 it was published in the form of a…
Le Fèvre d'Étaples, Jacques(LE FÈVRE D'ETAPLES, JACQUES)Vol. VII, p. 621 LE FÈVRE D'ETAPLES, JACQUES. — Born at Etaples around 1455, died at Nérac in January 1536. A writer and exegete, he began to shape his thought along the lines…
Le Gros (Le Groux), Pierre, the Younger(LEGROS (LE GROS), PIERRE, IL GIOVANE)Vol. VII, p. 655 LEGROS (LE GROS), PIERRE, the Younger. – French sculptor, born in Paris on 12 November 1666, died in Rome on 3 May 1719. Son of the sculptor Pietro L., who…
Le Hir, Arthur-MarieVol. VII, p. 656 LE HIR, ARTHUR-MARIE. - Exegete and Hebraist, b. at Malvaise (Finistère) on 5 Dec. 1811, d. at Paris on 18 Jan. 1868. He studied at the Seminary of St-Sulpice,…
Le Mans, Diocese of(LE MANS, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 664 LE MANS, DIOCESE of. – City and diocese in the department of Sarthe in France. Over an area of 6,244 sq. km. it has a population of 412,214 inhabitants, of…
Le Moyne, Jean (Ioannes Monachus)Vol. VII, p. 665 LE MOYNE, JEAN (IOANNES MONACHUS). — Distinguished canonist, born in the first half of the 13th century, died at Avignon on 22 August 1313. After moving to…
Le Nobletz, MargueriteVol. VII, p. 669 LE NOBLETZ, MARGUERITE. – Sister of Michel Le N., born at Kerodern in Plouguerneau (formerly the diocese of Léon) in 1583, died at Ploaré in 1633. Persuaded by…
Le Nobletz, Michel, Venerable(LE NOBLETZ, MICHEL, VENERABILE)Vol. VII, p. 669 LE NOBLETZ, MICHEL, venerable.—Popular missionary in Brittany, born at Kerodern in Plouguerneau (formerly in the diocese of Léon) on 29 September 1577, died at…
Le Play, FrédéricVol. VII, p. 719 LE PLAY, FRÉDÉRIC. - Engineer and professor, precursor of the Catholic social movement, though on a purely observational level; b. at La-Rivière-St-Sauveur on…
Le Puy-en-Velay(LE-PUY-EN-VELAY)Vol. VII, p. 720 LE-PUY-EN-VELAY – Cloister of the cathedral (11th–12th centuries), restored in the 19th century. the baptistery; the cruciform basin was accessed by means of…
Le Puy-en-Velay, Diocese of(LE-PUY-EN-VELAY, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 720 LE-PUY-en-VELAY, DIOCESE of. — City and diocesan capital of the department of Haute-Loire in France, at the foot of Mount Anis, whence the Latin name of the…
Le Sueur, EustacheVol. VII, p. 727 LE SUEUR, EUSTACHE. - Painter, born in Paris on 18 Nov. 1617 (or 1616), died there on 30 Apr. 1655, son of the wood sculptor Chathelin L., of Picard origin. He…
Le Tellier, MichelVol. VII, p. 728 LE TELLIER, MICHEL. – Jesuit, apologist, born at Vire, near Cherbourg, on 16 December 1643, died at La Flèche on 2 September 1719. He taught literature and…
Le Vacher, JeanVol. VII, p. 739 LE VACHER, JEAN. - Among the first followers of s. Vincenzo de' Paoli, b. at Ecouen on 15 March 1619, d. at Algiers on 26 July 1683. Ordained priest (1647), he…
Le Vau, LouisVol. VII, p. 739 LE VAU, LOUIS. - French architect, born in Paris in 1612 and died there on 11 October 1670. He was also in Italy, particularly in Genoa and Rome. Among his…
Lea, Henry CharlesVol. VII, p. 612 LEA, HENRY CHARLES. - Protestant historian and publisher, b. 19 Sept. 1825 in Philadelphia, d. there 24 Oct. 1909. In 1843 he entered his father's publishing…
Lea, Saint(LEA, SANTA)Vol. VII, p. 612 LEA, saint. – Noble Roman widow of the fourth century. She was one of the most assiduous participants in the spiritual circle that had formed on the Aventine,…
League of Nations(SOCIETÀ DELLE NAZIONI)Vol. XI, p. 518 SOCIETÀ DELLE NAZIONI. — Association among States for the maintenance of peace and the better governance of relations among peoples. The aspiration to bring…
Leah (Heb. Lē'ah, Gr. Acix)(LIA (EBR. LĒ'AH, GR. ACIX))Vol. VII, p. 745 LIA (Hebr. Lē’ah, Gr. Acix). — Daughter of Laban and elder sister of Rachel (v.). Her father gave her in marriage to Jacob in place of Rachel, who was the…
Leandro da DigioneVol. VII, p. 612 LEANDRO da DIGIONE. — Capuchin preacher and writer, of the province of Lyon, born at Dijon around 1598, died there in 1667. He was superior at Tournon…
Leandro of San Martino (Jones, John)(LEANDRO DI SAN MARTINO (JONES JOHN))Vol. VII, p. 612 LEANDRO di SAN MARTINO (JONES JOHN). — Benedictine theologian, born in London to a Protestant family in 1575; died there on 27 December 1636. He attended the…
Leandro of Seville, Saint(LEANDRO DI SIVIGLIA, SANTO)Vol. VII, p. 612 LEANDRO di SIVIGLIA, saint. – Born in Cartagena, of a Roman family, before 549; died at Seville on 13 March 600 or 601. First a Benedictine monk and later…
Lease, Contract of(LOCAZIONE, CONTRATTO DI)Vol. VII, p. 880 LEASE, CONTRACT OF.—Three kinds of lease are distinguished: the lease of things, the lease of works, and the lease of services. Departing from the old Code of…
Leavenworth, Diocese of(LEAVENWORTH, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 613 LEAVENWORTH, DIOCESI di: v. KANSAS CITY in KANSAS, DIOCESI di.
Lebanon(LIBANO)Vol. VII, p. 746 LIBANO. – A state that proclaimed itself independent on 26 November 1941 and encompasses the southwestern part of Syria. It takes its name from the eponymous…
Lebbe, VincentVol. VII, p. 613 LEBBE, VINCENT. – Missionary of St Vincent, “apostle of modern China,” born in Ghent on 17 August 1877, died in Nanking on 24 June 1940 (in China known by the…
Lebbeo(LEBBEÒ)Vol. VII, p. 613 LEBBEÒ: v. GIUDA TADDEO.
Lebedev, Aleksandr AleksevičVol. VII, p. 615 LEBEDEV, ALEKSANDR ALEKSEVIČ. - Archpriest, Russian theologian, polemicist. Born in Moscow in 1823 to a priest, he studied from 1854 to 1858 at the Moscow…
Lebedev, Aleksej PetrovičVol. VII, p. 615 LEBEDEV, ALEKSEJ PETROVIČ. - Russian “Orthodox” theologian and ecclesiastical historian, b. 2 March 1845 at Očacov, d. 14 July 1908 at Moscow. Professor of…
Lebna (Heb. Libhná; Gr. Lechna, Lochna)(LEBNA (EBR. LIBHNÁH; GR. ΛΕΧΝΆ, ΛΟΧΝΆ))Vol. VII, p. 616 LEBNA (Hebr. Libhnáh; Greek Λεχνά, Λοχνά). — A city of Palestine situated between Maceda and Lachis (Ios. 10:29–31). Captured by Joshua (Ios. 10:30, 39;…
Lebuino (Lebuinus, Liafwin, Liwin, Lewin), Saint(LEBUINO (LEBUINUS, LIAFWIN, LIWIN, LEWIN), SANTO)Vol. VII, p. 617 LEBUINO (Lebuinus, LIAFWIN, LIWIN, LEWIN), saint. — Born in England of Anglo-Saxon parents, at an unknown date. In the monastery where he was educated, he…
Lecce, Diocese of(LECCE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 618 LECCE, DIOCESI di. — Suffragan of Otranto; the city of L. is also the provincial capital in the Salentine peninsula. It is the heir of the ancient Iapygian…
Leclercq (d'Orlancourt), HenriVol. VII, p. 619 LECLERCQ (d'ORLANCOURT), HENRI. — Polymath, born in Tournai on 4 December 1869, died in London on 23 March 1945. Naturalized French, he entered the Benedictine…
Lectern(LEGGIO)Vol. VII, p. 650 LEGGIO. — Furnishing intended to support a liturgical book for public reading. It first appeared fixed upon ambons and, like the latter, made of stone. Later,…
Lectionary(LEZIONARIO)Vol. VII, p. 744 LEZIONARIO. — (Lectionarium, or -ius: from lectio, reading). This was the name given to the book containing passages from Sacred Scripture for liturgical use.…
LectoriumVol. VII, p. 619 LECTORIUM. — A dividing wall between choir and nave in medieval churches. In French called jubé, in English rood screen or roodloft, that is, “tribune of the…
Lectoure, Diocese of(LECTOURE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 620 LECTOURE, DIOCESI di : v. AUCH, DIOCESI di.
Lectureship(LETTORATO)Vol. VII, p. 736 LETTORATO. — It is the second of the minor Orders in the Latin Church, and the only minor Order in the Eastern Church, since the subdiaconate was recognized as…
Ledesma, Pedro deVol. VII, p. 620 LEDESMA, PEDRO de. — Dominican theologian, born in Salamanca around 1550, died there on 9 September 1616. He taught theology first at Segovia, then at Avila,…
Ledóchowska, Maria TheresiaVol. VII, p. 620 LEDÓCHOWSKA, MARIA THERESIA. - Born at Loosdorf (Austria) on 29 April 1863, died at Rome on 6 July 1922. Of exceptional intelligence, she was versed in letters…
Ledóchowska, Orsola (Giulia)Vol. VII, p. 620 LEDÓCHOWSKA, ORSOLA (GIULIA). – Born on 17 April 1865 at Loosdorf (Austria), died in Rome on 29 May 1939, foundress and first superior general of the Ursulines…
Ledóchowski, Mieczysław Halka, Count of(LEDÓCHOWSKI, MIECZYSLAW HALKA, CONTE DI)Vol. VII, p. 620 LEDÓCHOWSKI, MIECZYSLAW HALKA, count of. — Cardinal, born on 29 October 1822 at Górki (diocese of Sandomir), died on 22 July 1902 in Rome. He studied at Radom…
Ledóchowski, WłodzimierzVol. VII, p. 621 LEDÓCHOWSKI, WŁODZIMIERZ. — Twenty-sixth Superior General of the Society of Jesus, born at Loosdorf (Austria) on 7 October 1866, died in Rome on 13 December…
Leeds, Diocese of(LEAD, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 612 LEAD, DIOCESI di: v. RAPID CITY, DIOCESI di.
Leeds, Diocese of(LEEDS (LOIDIS), DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 621 LEEDS (Loidis), DIOCESE of. — City and diocese in England, suffragan of Liverpool. It has 3,354,395 inhabitants, of whom 178,000 are Catholics, distributed…
Lega, Maria TeresaVol. VII, p. 622 LEGA, MARIA TERESA. — Born at Brisighella (Faenza) on 13 January 1812, died at Cesena on 27 January 1890. At the age of 21 she donned the habit of the…
Lega, MicheleVol. VII, p. 622 LEGA, MICHELE. — Cardinal, born at Brisighella (Faenza) on 1 January 1860, died at Rome on 16 December 1935. After obtaining degrees in philosophy and…
Legal Act(ATTO GIURIDICO)Vol. II, p. 232 ATTO GIURIDICO. — Distinct from the human act considered in the moral order is the juridical act, which is any act having juridical significance, or the…
Legal Aid(PATROCINIO GRATUITO)Vol. IX, p. 606 FREE LEGAL AID. — This is the exemption from judicial expenses granted to the poor, who are unable to bear the costs of litigation. The text of can. 1914 of…
Legal Fact(FATTO GIURIDICO)Vol. V, p. 646 FATTO GIURIDICO : v. ATTO GIURIDICO.
Legal Formulas(FORMOLE GIURIDICHE)Vol. V, p. 908 LEGAL FORMULAS. – These are determinate combinations of words that, taken as a whole, reproduce corresponding norms or models for forensic or administrative…
Legal Subject(SOGGETTO DI DIRITTO)Vol. XI, p. 547 SUBJECT OF LAW. – This is the person to whom the legal order attributes or recognizes the aptitude to be the holder of rights. This aptitude is also called…
Legal Transaction(NEGOZIO GIURIDICO)Vol. VIII, p. 1019 LEGAL TRANSACTION. — It is commonly defined as a private manifestation of will directed toward a practical purpose (the constitution, modification, or…
Legal, Émile-Joseph(LEGAL, EMILE-JOSEPH,)Vol. VII, p. 623 LEGAL, EMILE-JOSEPH, — Born on 9 October 1849 at Jean-de Boiseau, diocese of Nantes; died on 10 March 1920 at Edmonton. Ordained a priest in 1876 and an Oblate…
Legate(LEGATO)Vol. VII, p. 624 LEGATE. — This is the title assigned, in various systems, to one who performs the functions of a representative, with or without diplomatic status. I. ROMAN…
Legation, Right of(LEGAZIONE, DIRITTO DI)Vol. VII, p. 632 LEGATION, RIGHT OF. — The right of l. is a public subjective right, an attribute of sovereignty, which is exercised by sending (active l.) and receiving…
Legations(LEGAZIONI)Vol. VII, p. 632 LEGAZIONI. - Supreme Pontiff Clement XI (1701-21), in the reorganization of the State, which he undertook despite the very serious events by which it LEGATURA…
Legaudier, AntoineVol. VII, p. 632 LEGAUDIER, ANTOINE. - Jesuit, ascetical writer, b. at Chateau-Thierry on 7 Jan. 1572, d. at Paris on 14 Apr. 1622. He was professor of Sacred Scripture at…
Legend(LEGGENDA)Vol. VII, p. 646 LEGEND. - I. NOTIONS. - From the gerundive of legere (legenda, “to be read”), with reference to passages from the lives of the saints whose reading was…
Legendary(LEGGENDARIO)Vol. VII, p. 648 LEGGENDARIO : v. PASSIONARIO.
Leger, Antonio e GiovanniVol. VII, p. 633 LEGER, ANTONIO and GIOVANNI. — Waldensian pastors of the seventeenth century. ANTONIO, after studying in Geneva and serving as pastor from 1626 to 1628, went…
Legio FulminataVol. VII, p. 651 LEGIO FULMINATA. — This was the twelfth Roman legion, which, after taking part in the siege of Jerusalem under Vespasian, was stationed at Melitene in Armenia.…
Legion of Mary(LEGIO MARIAE)Vol. VII, p. 651 LEGIO MARIAE : v. MILIZIA dell'IMMACOLATA.
Legitimacy(LEGITTIMITÀ)Vol. VII, p. 653 LEGITTIMITÀ. – In general, it is conformity with the nature of things, with right, and with the law. I. CONCEPT. — The term legitimate (from which the abstract…
Legitimate Defense(DIFESA LEGITTIMA)Vol. IV, p. 917 LEGITIMATE DEFENSE. — A person who, compelled by the necessity of defending a right of his own or of another, relating to personal safety or to a precious…
Legitimation for Legal Acts(LEGITTIMAZIONE AGLI ATTI GIURIDICI)Vol. VII, p. 652 LEGITTIMAZIONE AGLI ATTI GIURIDICI. — The l. to juridical acts or legal transactions (the terms juridical act and legal transaction are used interchangeably…
Legitimism(LEGITTIMISMO)Vol. VII, p. 653 LEGITIMISM. — This is the theory advanced at the time of the Restoration concerning the ethical and juridical obligation to restore the Bourbons to the throne…
Legrand, Émile(LEGRAND, EMILE)Vol. VII, p. 655 LEGRAND, EMILE. – Born at Fontenay-le Marmion on 30 December 1841, died in Paris on 28 November 1904; professor of Modern Greek, editor of school texts, and…
Lehmkuhl, AugustVol. VII, p. 656 LEHMKUHL, AUGUST. — Jesuit, moral theologian, born at Hagen (Westphalia) on 23 September 1834, died at Valkenburg (Holland) on 23 June 1918. Professor of…
Lehodey, VitalVol. VII, p. 656 LEHODEY, VITAL. - Trappist ascetical-mystical theologian, secular name Alcime, b. at Hamlye (France) on 17 Dec. 1857, d. at Bricquebec on 6 May 1948. Ordained…
Leib, KilianVol. VII, p. 656 LEIB, KILIAN. - Regular canon, polemicist, and annalist, b. at Ochsenfurt (Franconia) on 23 Feb. 1471, d. at Rebdorf on 16 July 1553. Having completed his…
Leibniz, Gottfried WilhelmVol. VII, p. 657 LEIBNIZ, GOTTFRIED WILHELM. — Born in Leipzig on 21 June 1646, died in Hanover on 14 November 1716: philosopher, mathematician, and scholar; one of the…
Leidrado (Leidradus, Laidradus)Vol. VII, p. 662 LEIDRADO (Leidradus, Laidradus). – Archbishop of Lyon, died on 28 December 817 (or 816). A native of Lower Franconia and deacon of the Church of Freising…
Leigh Woods, Diocese of(LEIGH WOODS, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 663 LEIGH WOODS, DIOCESI di: v. CLIFTON, DIOCESI di.
Leighlin, Diocese of(LEIGHLIN, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 663 LEIGHLIN, DIOCESI di: v. KILDARE, DIOCESI di.
Leiria, Diocese of(LEIRIA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 663 LEIRIA, DIOCESE of. — City and diocese situated 147 km north of Lisbon (Portugal). It has an area of 1,700 sq. km. and a population of 174,000 inhabitants, of…
Leisentrit, JohannVol. VII, p. 663 LEISENTRIT, JOHANN. - Theologian, apostolic protonotary, b. at Olmütz (Olomouc) in 1527, d. at Bautzen on 14 Nov. 1586. A canon at Bautzen in 1551, he was its…
Leitmeritz, Diocese of(LITOMÉRICE, LEITMERITZ, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 860 LITOMÉRICE, LEITMERITZ, DIOCESE of. - City and diocese in Czechoslovakia. It has an area of 12,000 sq. km., with 1,500,000 inhabitants. It has 955 churches…
Leitner, MartinVol. VII, p. 663 LEITNER, MARTIN. – Canonist, born in Bodenwöhr (Oberpfalz) on 11 March 1862, died in Passau on 25 December 1929. Professor of canon law in Passau from 1904, he…
Lejeune, JeanVol. VII, p. 663 LEJEUNE, JEAN. — French sacred orator, born at Dôle in 1592 and died at Limoges on 19 August 1672. A member of the Oratory of Jesus founded by Bérulle in 1611,…
Lelong, JacquesVol. VII, p. 663 LELONG, JACQUES. – Oratorian, biblical scholar, and bibliographer, born in Paris on 19 April 1664 and died there on 13 August 1721. Librarian of the Oratory of…
Lemire, JulesVol. VII, p. 665 LEMIRE, JULES. – French sociologist, born in Vieux Berquin on 23 April 1853, died in Hazebrouck on 7 March 1928. He became a priest in 1878 and taught at the…
Lemkivčysna, Apostolic Administration of(LEMKIVČYSNA, AMMINISTRAZIONE APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. VII, p. 665 LEMKIVČYSNA, APOSTOLIC ADMINISTRATION of. — This is a region in the northern Carpathians, inhabited by the eastern branch of the Lemki. From the earliest times…
Lemmens, LeonhardVol. VII, p. 665 LEMMENS, LEONHARD. - Franciscan, born at Bocket (Rhineland) on 19 Nov. 1864, died in Rome on 10 Feb. 1929. Called to Rome in 1899 to continue Wadding’s Annales…
Lemos, Tommaso deVol. VII, p. 665 LEMOS, TOMMASO de. - Dominican theologian, born at Rivadavia (Galicia) around 1546, died in Rome on 23 August 1629. He entered the Order in his native city.…
Lemovicensis, Johannes (John of Limoges)(GIOVANNI DI LIMOGES (LEMOVICENSIS))Vol. VI, p. 358 GIOVANNI of LIMOGES (Lemovicensis). — Cistercian theologian. Little information is available about his life. A G. of L. was prior of Clairvaux in 1206–1207;…
Lemuria(LEMURIE (LEMURIA))Vol. VII, p. 665 LEMURIE (Lemuria). - On the 9th, 11th, and 13th days of May in the Roman calendar fell the festival of the Lemuria, that is, of the Lemures, the souls of the…
Lenau, Nikolaus (Nikolaus Franz Niembsch von Strehlenau)Vol. VII, p. 665 LENAU, NIKOLAUS (NIKOLAUS FRANZ NIEMBSCH VON STREHLENAU). — German-Hungarian poet, born on 13 August 1802 at Csatád near Temesvár, died on 22 August 1850 in…
LeneeVol. VII, p. 666 LENEE. - A festival celebrated at Athens in the month of Gamelion (= Jan.–Feb.) in honour of Dioniso Lenaios (Ἀῆναις), and one of the four principal Attic…
Lenel, OttoVol. VII, p. 666 LENEL, OTTO. - Jurist, b. at Mannheim on 13 Dec. 1849, d. at Freiburg im Br. on 7 Feb. 1935. He pursued his studies at the Universities of Heidelberg, Leipzig,…
LeninVol. VII, p. 666 LENIN. – Pseudonym of Vladimir Il'ič Uljànov, founder and leader of the Russian Communist (Bolshevik) Party and of the Russian Revolution, founder of the…
Lenitatis DefectusVol. VII, p. 669 LENITATIS DEFECTUS. — Although the Latin term l. d. may be understood to signify any pronounced lack of clemency, gentleness, meekness, sweetness, etc., in the…
Lenocinium(LENOCINIO)Vol. VII, p. 669 LENOCINIO. — It is an intermediary activity serving the lust of others with a view to personal profit. In legal doctrine, the notion of l. as a crime is…
Lenormant, Charles E FrançoisVol. VII, p. 670 LENORMANT, CHARLES and FRANÇOIS. — I. CHARLES. — French archaeologist and historian, born in Paris on 1 January 1802, died in Athens on 24 November 1859. An…
Lensing, LambertVol. VII, p. 670 LENSING, LAMBERT. - Apostle of the good press and representative of the German Catholic Centre Party, b. at Emmerich on 14 June 1851, d. at Dortmund on 18 Dec.…
Lent (Quadragesima)(QUARESIMA (QUADRAGESIMA))Vol. X, p. 230 QUARESIMA (Quadragesima). – A sacred period of 40 days in preparation for Easter, to be sanctified by more frequent prayer, works of charity, penance, and…
Lentini, DomenicoVol. VII, p. 670 LENTINI, DOMENICO. - Priest, b. at Lauria on 20 Nov. 1770, d. there on 24 Feb. 1828. At the age of 20 he entered the Seminary of Policastro, where he studied…
Lentulus, Letter of(LENTULO, LETTERA DI)Vol. VII, p. 671 LENTULO, LETTER of. - An apocryphon, so called after its alleged sender, which describes the physical beauty of Jesus Christ, who, according to Ps. 44,3, would…
Leo(LEONE)Vol. VII, p. 687 LEONE. – In ancient Christian monuments, the prophet Daniel is represented between two lions, both on sarcophagi and in cemetery paintings, or in the…
Leo Grammaticus(LEONE GRAMMATICO)Vol. VII, p. 688 LEO THE GRAMMARIAN. - Dubious author of a Byzantine chronography ending in 1013, which spans from Adam to the death of Emperor Romanus Lecapenus (d. 948),…
Leo Hebraeus(LEONE EBREO)Vol. VII, p. 688 LEONE EBREO: V. ABRABANEL.
Leo I, Pope, Called the Great(LEONE I, PAPA, DETTO MAGNO)Vol. VII, p. 692 LEONE I, pope, called the GREAT, saint. Fresco (8th cent.) - Rome, church of S. Maria Antiqua. (from the portfolio of Prof. E. Jani) LEONE III, pope, saint -…
Leo I, Pope, Called the Great, Saint(LEONE I, PAPA, DETTO MAGNO, SANTO)Vol. VII, p. 690 LEONE I, POPE, called THE GREAT, saint. – He is the first Pope to whom posterity rightly attributed the title of Great: his was one of the longest and most…
Leo II, Pope, Saint(LEONE II, PAPA, SANTO)Vol. VII, p. 692 LEONE II, POPE, saint. - In 680-81 the Sixth Ecumenical Council had been celebrated at Constantinople; it condemned Monothelitism and the imprudent adherence…
Leo III, Emperor of the East, detto L'Isaurico(LEONE III, IMPERATORE D'ORIENTE, DETTO L'ISAURICO)Vol. VII, p. 689 LEO III, EMPEROR OF THE EAST, called the ISAURIAN. — His accession to the throne took place on 25 March 717, on the eve of a great effort by the caliphate of…
Leo III, Pope(LEONE III, PAPA)Vol. VII, p. 693 LEO III, pope, saint — The justification of L. III (depicted with the features of L. X). Fresco by G. Romano and P. Del Vaga (16th cent.) — Vatican, Stanza…
Leo III, Pope, Saint(LEONE III, PAPA, SANTO)Vol. VII, p. 692 LEONE III, POPE, saint. — Elected on 26 December 795, died on 12 June 816. On the very day of Adriano I’s death, L. was elected; he held the high office of…
Leo IV, Pope, Saint(LEONE IV, PAPA, SANTO)Vol. VII, p. 693 LEONE IV, POPE, saint. - He was ordained priest by Sergio II, who also raised him to the cardinalate, with the title of SS. Quattro Coronati; he was elected…
Leo IX, Pope, Saint(LEONE IX, PAPA, SANTO)Vol. VII, p. 694 LEO IX, POPE, saint. — Bruno, bishop of Toul, was born on 21 June 1002 at Egisheim from the family of the counts of Dagsburg in Alsace, and died on 19 April…
Leo Marsicano, detto Leo Ostiense(LEONE MARSICANO, DETTO LEONE OSTIENNE)Vol. VII, p. 689 LEONE MARSICANO, called LEONE OSTIENSE. — Benedictine, cardinal-bishop of Ostia, born in the territory of the Marsi ca. 1060, died 22 March 1115. At the age of…
Leo of Acrida(LEONE DI ACRIDA)Vol. VII, p. 687 LEONE di ACRIDA. – Byzantine bishop and supporter of the Eastern Schism. Under the influence of the Greek patriarch Michele Cerulario (v.), L. sent a letter in…
Leo of Assisi(LEONE D'ASSISI)Vol. VII, p. 688 LEONE D'ASSISI, blessed — Autograph blessing of St Francis to Brother L. Assisi, S. Convento. BIBL.: E. Pätzig, Leo Grammaticus und seine Sippe, in…
Leo of Assisi, Blessed(LEONE D'ASSISI, BEATO)Vol. VII, p. 688 LEONE of Assisi, blessed. - B. in the last decades of the 13th century, d. in 1271. The intimate and faithful companion of s. Francesco, who called him “God’s…
Leo of Cava, Saint(LEONE DI CAVA, SANTO)Vol. VII, p. 688 LEONE di CAVA, saint. - Second Benedictine abbot of Cava (Salerno), born in Lucca, died at Vietri on 12 July 1079. As a young man he entered the monastery of…
Leo of San Giovanni(LEONE DI SAN GIOVANNI)Vol. VII, p. 706 LEONE di SAN GIOVANNI. - Carmelite theologian and mystic, Giovanni Macé in secular life, b. at Rennes in 1600, d. at Paris in 1671. Having entered the Order in…
Leo the Deacon(LEONE DIACONO)Vol. VII, p. 688 LEONE DIACONO. - Byzantine chronicler, born at Kaloe near Tmolo in 950; Skylitzes, in the preface to his Storia, calls him L. the Asiatic, whereas Cedreno…
Leo V, Emperor of the East, detto L'Armeno(LEONE V, IMPERATORE D'ORIENTE, DETTO L'ARMENO)Vol. VII, p. 689 LEO V, EMPEROR OF THE EAST, called the ARMENIAN. — Greek emperor (813–820). He initiated the second phase of iconoclasm (the Synod of 815), finding strong…
Leo V, Pope(LEONE V, PAPA)Vol. VII, p. 694 LEONE V, POPE. — He governed for one month, from the end of July 903, succeeding Benedetto IV, until September of the same year. The reasons why he, a simple…
Leo VI, Emperor of the East, detto Il Sapiens(LEONE VI, IMPERATORE D'ORIENTE, DETTO IL SAPIENTE)Vol. VII, p. 689 LEONE VI, EMPEROR OF THE EAST, called the SAPIENT. — Greek emperor (886–916). He deposed the patriarch Fazio in 886, and, on the occasion of the question of…
Leo VI, Pope(LEONE VI, PAPA)Vol. VII, p. 694 LEONE VI, POPE. – He reigned from May to December 928. Son of the primicerius Cristoforo, he succeeded Giovanni X, who had died in prison in Castel S. Angelo,…
Leo VII, Pope(LEONE VII, PAPA)Vol. VII, p. 694 LEONE VII, POPE. — He was pope from January 936 to July 939, but nothing is known about his person, and little is known about his activities. The chronicler…
Leo VIII, Pope(LEONE VIII, PAPA)Vol. VII, p. 694 LEONE VIII, POPE. — He was the protoscriniarius of the Roman Church, chosen as pope by the Council convened by the emperor Ottone I of Saxony and presided over…
Leo X, Pope(LEONE X, PAPA)Vol. VII, p. 697 LEONE X, PAPA. – Born in Florence on 11 December 1475, died in Rome on 1 December 1521. I. BEFORE THE PONTIFICATE. — Giovanni de' Medici, second son of the…
Leo XI, Pope(LEONE XI, PAPA)Vol. VII, p. 702 LEONE XI, POPE. — B. in Florence on 2 June 1535, d. in Rome on 27 April 1605. Alessandro, born to Ottaviano de’ Medici, of a collateral branch of the…
Leo XII, Pope(LEONE XII, PAPA)Vol. VII, p. 702 LEONE XII, POPE. — Annibale Sermattei della Genga, born at the Castello della Genga, near Spoleto, on 22 August 1760, died in Rome on 10 February 1829. He…
Leo XIII, Pope(LEONE XIII, PAPA)Vol. VII, p. 703 LEONE XIII, POPE. – Vincenzo Gioacchino Pecci, born at Carpineto (Frosinone) on 2 March 1810, died at Rome on 20 July 1903. The sixth of the seven children of…
Leo, Bishop of Vercelli(LEONE, VESCOVO DI VERCELLI)Vol. VII, p. 706 LEONE, bishop of VERCELLI. — He lived between the 10th and 11th centuries. He is first encountered at the court of the emperor Otto III. His birthplace and how…
Leo, Giuseppe(LEONE, GIUSEPPE)Vol. VII, p. 688 LEONE, GIUSEPPE. - Redemptorist, b. at Trinitapoli (Foggia) on 23 May 1829, d. at Angri (Salerno) on 7 Aug. 1902. Although almost always ill, he exercised a…
Leo, LeonardoVol. VII, p. 671 LEO, LEONARDO. - Musician, b. at S. Vito degli Schiavi (dei Normanni) on 5 Aug. 1694, d. at Napoli on 31 Oct. 1744. He studied at the conservatory of the…
Leoba (Leoba, Leobgytha, Truthgeba), Saint(LIOBA (LEOBA, LEOBGYTHA, TRUTHGEBA), SANTA)Vol. VII, p. 838 LIOBA (LEOBA, LEOBGYTHA, TRUTHGEBA), saint. — Benedictine; the date and place of her birth are unknown. She died at Schörnsheim near Mainz on 28 September 782…
Leodegarius (Léger), Bishop of Autun, Saint(LEODEGARIO (LÉGER), VESCOVO DI AUTUN, SANTO)Vol. VII, p. 671 LEODEGARIO (LÉGER), bishop of AUTUN, saint. — Of Frankish nobility, born around 616, died near Arras on 3 October 679. He was educated at the court of Clotario…
LeogesellschaftVol. VII, p. 671 LEOGESELLSCHAFT. – Catholic scientific society of Austria, founded in Vienna on 28 January 1892 for the advancement of the sciences and arts on a Christian…
LeonardeschiVol. VII, p. 673 LEONARDESCHI. — If by this term one were to understand all the artists who drew inspiration or motifs from the master’s great models, making use of them to the…
Leonardo da Porto Maurizio, Saint(LEONARDO DA PORTO MAURIZIO, SANTO)Vol. VII, p. 675 LEONARDO da PORTO MAURIZIO, santo. - I. LIFE. — Paolo Girolamo Casanuova, later L. da P. M., born at Porto Maurizio (Imperia) on 20 December 1676, died in Rome…
Leonardo da VinciVol. VII, p. 681 LEONARDO DA VINCI – Self-portrait. Drawing – Turin, Palazzo Reale. Codice Atlantico: military engineering, the construction of weapons, architecture,…
Leonardo da VinciVol. VII, p. 687 G. Libri, Hist. des sciences mathématiques en Italie ecc., ivi 1838; E. Solmi, Studi sulla filosofia naturale di L., Modena 1896; id., Nuovi studi sulla fil.…
Leonardo di ChioVol. VII, p. 675 LEONARDO di CHIO. - Dominican, born at Chio in 1395 or 1396, died in 1459, probably at Genoa. He studied in Italy, was lector at Genoa and Perugia (1426),…
Leonardo, Saint(LEONARDO, SANTO)Vol. VII, p. 675 LEONARDO, saint. — Abbot of Noblac. He probably lived in the 6th century; but nothing precise can be established about his life, since the earliest information…
Leonarducci, GaspareVol. VII, p. 687 LEONARDUCCI, GASPARE. - Ascetical writer and poet, b. in Venice in 1685, d. at Cividale on 6 June 1752. While still very young, he professed the Somascan Rule…
Leoni, LeoneVol. VII, p. 707 LEONI, LEONE. - Sculptor, medallist, and architect, born at Menaggio (Como), of an Aretine father, in 1509, and died at Milan in 1590. He worked principally in…
Leoniano, Sacramentary(LEONIANO, SACRAMENTARIO)Vol. VII, p. 707 LEONIANO, SACRAMENTARIO: v. SACRAMENTARI.
Leonicus Thomaeus, Nicolaus(LEONICO TOMEO, NICCOLÒ)Vol. VII, p. 707 LEONICO TOMEO, NICCOLÒ. - Humanist, son of a Greek from Epirus, b. in Venice on 1 Feb. 1456, d. there on 28 March 1531. He studied at Padua and Florence under…
Leonidas, Saint, Martyr(LEONIDA, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. VII, p. 707 LEONIDAS, saint, martyr. — He is commemorated on 22 April, but it is not established that this was the true dies natalis. The few details of his life are…
LeoninusVol. VII, p. 707 LEONINUS. — Composer of the Ars antiqua, active in the 12th century (ca. 1160–80) in Paris, at the church of Beatae Mariae Virginis, later called Notre-Dame.…
Leonori, AristideVol. VII, p. 707 LEONORI, ARISTIDE. - Engineer and architect, b. in Roma on 28 July 1856, d. there on 30 July 1928. Having graduated from the University of Roma, he began an…
Leonrod, Franz Leopold vonVol. VII, p. 708 LEONROD, FRANZ LEOPOLD von. - Bishop of Eichstätt, b. at Ansbach on 26 Aug. 1827, d. at Eichstätt on 5 Sept. 1905. He was a vigorous defender of the rights of…
Leont'ev, Konstantin Nikolaevič(LEONT'EV, KONSTANTIN NIKOLAEVIĆ)Vol. VII, p. 708 LEONT'EV, KONSTANTIN NIKOLAEVIĆ. - Russian writer and thinker, b. at Kudinovo on 25 Jan. 1831, d. at the Monastery of the Trinity at Černigov (Moscow) on 24…
Leontius(LEONZIO)Vol. VII, p. 708 LEONZIO. — An Armenian priest and historian who lived in the period 725–90, author of the History of the Appearance of Muhammad, written at the request of…
Leontius of Byzantium(LEONZIO DI BISANZIO)Vol. VII, p. 708 LEONZIO of BISANZIO. — An anti-Monophysite theologian of the sixth century. Almost nothing is known about his life. He is not the same as the Scythian monk…
Leontius of Naples(LEONZIO DI NEAPOLI)Vol. VII, p. 709 LEONZIO di NEAPOLI. - Bishop of Neapoli in Cyprus, d. about 650. Under the patriarch Giovanni l'Elemosiniere (d. 619), he moved from Cyprus to Alexandria. He…
Leontius Vanandetzi, Saint, Martyr(LEONZIO VANANDETZI, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. VII, p. 709 LEONZIO VANANDETZI, saint, martyr. - An Armenian priest, one of the foremost disciples of Saints Mesrob and Sahak, he was sent by them to Byzantium with other…
LeontopoliVol. VII, p. 708 LEONTOPOLI. – The locality called L. by Flavius Josephus corresponds to present-day Tell el-Jehādijjeh, approximately 30 km from Cairo and 20 from ancient…
Leopardi, AlessandroVol. VII, p. 709 LEOPARDI, ALESSANDRO. - Goldsmith, bronze-founder, and architect, b. in Venice about 1450 and d. there between June 1522 and March 1523. His earliest activity…
Leopardi, GiacomoVol. VII, p. 709 LEOPARDI, GIACOMO. - Poet, born at Recanati on 29 June 1798 to Marchioness Adelaide Antici and Count Monaldo (q.v.), died at Naples on 14 June 1837. His tutors…
Leopardi, MonaldoVol. VII, p. 712 LEOPARDI, MONALDO. — Writer, born at Recanati on 16 August 1776, died there on 30 April 1847. A man of weak will, he was dominated in the management of the…
Leopold I, Emperor(LEOPOLDO I, IMPERATORE)Vol. VII, p. 713 LEOPOLD I, EMPEROR. — Second son of Emperor Ferdinand III and Maria Anna of Spain, born in Vienna on 9 June 1640, died there on 5 May 1705. He was destined for…
Leopold II, Emperor (I as Grand Duke of Tuscany)(LEOPOLDO II, IMPERATORE (I COME GRANDUCA DI TOSCANA))Vol. VII, p. 714 LEOPOLDO II, EMPEROR (formerly grand duke of Tuscany). — Born on 15 May 1747 in Vienna, died there on 2 March 1792. The third-born son of Francesco Stefano di…
Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany(LEOPOLDO II, GRANDUCA DI TOSCANA)Vol. VII, p. 714 LEOPOLDO II, grand duke of TOSCANA. — Born on 3 October 1797 in Firenze, died on 29 January 1870 in Roma. Son of Ferdinando III and Maria Luisa Amalia di…
Leopold III, Saint, Margrave of Austria(LEOPOLDO III, SANTO, MARGRAVIO DI AUSTRIA)Vol. VII, p. 712 LEOPOLD III, Saint, Margrave of AUSTRIA. — Born at Melk in 1073, of the House of Babenberg, died on 15 November 1136. Educated by St Altmann, Bishop of Passau,…
Leopold of Gaiche, Blessed(LEOPOLDO DA GAICHE, BEATO)Vol. VII, p. 713 LEOPOLDO da GAICHE, blessed. — Apostolic missionary of the Friars Minor, born at Gaiche (Perugia) on 30 October 1732, died at Monteluco (Spoleto) on 2 April…
Leopoldina, Diocese of(LEOPOLDINA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 712 LEOPOLDINA, diocese of. – City and diocese in the State of Minas Geraes in Brazil. The diocese has an area of 8,197 sq km, with 450,000 inhabitants, of whom…
Leopoldinen-Stiftung (Leopoldinen-Missionsverein)Vol. VII, p. 712 LEOPOLDINEN-STIFTUNG (LEOPOLDINEN-MISSIONSVEREIN). – The Leopoldine Foundation, or Leopoldine Missionary Association, was founded in 1828 (approved in 1829) in…
Leopoldo da Castelnuovo(LEOPOLDO DA CASTELNOVO)Vol. VII, p. 713 LEOPOLDO da CASTELNOVO. – Capuchin, whose family name was Mandic, born at Castelnuovo di Cattaro on 12 May 1866, died at Padua on 30 July 1942. He entered the…
Leopoldville, Apostolic Vicariate of(LEOPOLDVILLE, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. VII, p. 715 LEOPOLDVILLE, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. — In the western part of the Belgian Congo, it is entrusted to the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Scheut…
Leovigild, King of the Visigoths(LEOVIGILDO, RE DEI VISIGOTI)Vol. VII, p. 717 LEOVIGILDO, king of the VISIGOTHS. — Brother of the kings Atanagildo and Liuva I, he was associated with the throne by the latter in 568, becoming sole ruler…
LepantoVol. VII, p. 717 LEPANTO. – L., in Greek Naúpaktos, is a city and port of Greece, on the northern coast of the strait separating the Gulf of Patras from that of Corinth; it has…
Lepidi, AlbertoVol. VII, p. 718 LEPIDI, ALBERTO. - Dominican philosopher and theologian, born at Popoli (Abruzzo) in 1838, died at Rome (phot. Gab. fot. nas.) LEPANTO - Central fresco on the…
Leporiano, Christian Cemetery of(LEPRIGNANO, CIMITERO CRISTIANO DI)Vol. VII, p. 719 LEPRIGNANO, CIMITERO CRISTIANO. — In December 1911, in the ancient Capenate territory (Rome), today called Capena, in the locality of Monte della Casetta,…
LeporioVol. VII, p. 719 LEPORIO. – Monk and priest, born at Treviri; he had disseminated in Gaul the (Nestorian) theory that Jesus « pro merito laboris passionisque » (Giov. Cassiano,…
Leprosy and Leper Hospitals(LEBBRA E LEBBROSARI)Vol. VII, p. 613 LEBBRA and LEBBROSARI. — Leprosy properly so called (lepra tuberculare) is an infectious, transmissible disease with a chronic course, characterized by the…
LeptisVol. VII, p. 719 LEPTIS. – A city in North Africa (Libya) which the Romans called Lepcis; to distinguish it from the homonymous city in Byzacena, it was called L. magna.…
Lerchundi, GiuseppeVol. VII, p. 720 LERCHUNDI, GIUSEPPE. — Franciscan, born at Oria, near S. Sebastián (Spain), on 24 February 1836, died on 8 March 1896. Having arrived as a missionary in…
Leroquais, Victor-MartialVol. VII, p. 722 LEROQUAIS, VICTOR-MARTIAL. — French priest and liturgist, born at St-Germain-de-Tallevende (diocese of Bayeux, department of Calvados) on 7 September 1875,…
Leroux, PierreVol. VII, p. 723 LEROUX, PIERRE. - Writer, b. in Parigi on 17 Apr. 1797, d. there on 12 Apr. 1871. He was one of the founders of Le globe (1824). Initially a Saint-Simonian, he…
Les Cayes, Diocese of(LES CAYES, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 723 LES CAYES, DIOCESI di. – City in the southwest of the Republic of Haiti (Antilles) and a suffragan diocese of Porto Principe. It has a population of 775,000,…
Les Gonaïves, Diocese of(LES GONAIVES, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 724 LES GONAIVES, DIOCESE OF. – City and diocese on the island of Haiti (Antilles), capital of the department of Artibonite. It has an area of 6,000 sq km and a…
Lesage Ten Broek, Joachim GeorgeVol. VII, p. 723 LESAGE TEN BROEK, JOACHIM GEORGE. - Dutch Catholic publicist and controversialist, b. at Groningen on 27 Nov. 1775, d. at Grave on 11 July 1847. Of a…
Lescar, Diocese of(LESCAR, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 723 LESCAR, DIOCESI di: v. BAIONA, DIOCESI di.
LesenaVol. VII, p. 723 LESENA. – A pilaster-like strip projecting slightly from the wall, which has no structural function but serves only to divide the surfaces. Apart from…
Lesley, AlexanderVol. VII, p. 725 LESLEY, ALEXANDER. - Jesuit, liturgist, born in the county of Aberdeen (Scotland) on 7 Nov. 1694, died in Rome on 27 March 1758. He taught successively at Sora…
Lesley, JohnVol. VII, p. 725 LESLEY, JOHN. — Scottish bishop and historian, born on 29 September 1527, died in a convent near Brussels on 31 May 1596. A priest and doctor of law at the…
Lessing, Gotthold EphraimVol. VII, p. 725 LESSING, GOTTHOLD EPHRAIM. — German thinker, critic, poet, and dramatist, born in Kamenz on 22 January 1729, died in Wolfenbüttel on 15 February 1781. A pupil…
Lessius (Lessius, Leys), Leonard(LESSIO (LESSIUS, LEYS), LEONARDO)Vol. VII, p. 726 LESSIO (Lessius, LEYS), LEONARDO. — Jesuit, theologian, spiritual writer. Born on 1 October 1554 at Brecht (Antwerp), and died at Louvain on 15 January 1623.…
Lestonnac, Jeanne de, Saint(LESTONNAC, GIOVANNA DI, SANTA)Vol. VII, p. 727 LESTONNAC, GIOVANNA di, saint: v. GIOVANNA LESTONNAC, santa.
Lestrange (Louis-Henri), Augustin deVol. VII, p. 727 LESTRANGE (LOUIS-HENRI), AUGUSTIN de. — Trappist, born at Colombier-le-Vieux (Ardèche) on 19 February 1754, died at Lyons on 16 July 1827. Having abandoned his…
Lesueur, Pauline-Élisabeth(LESEUR, PAULINE-ELISABETH)Vol. VII, p. 723 LESEUR, PAULINE-ELISABETH. - Writer, born in Parigi on 16 Oct. 1866, died there on 3 May 1914. She received from her family a careful Christian education and a…
Lesueur, Thomas(LESEUR, THOMAS)Vol. VII, p. 724 LESEUR, THOMAS. – Theologian, philosopher, and mathematician of the Order of Minims, b. at Rethel (Champagne) in 1703, d. in Rome on 22 September 1770. After…
Lesêtre, Henri(LESÈTRE, HENRI)Vol. VII, p. 723 LESÈTRE, HENRI. — Biblical scholar, born in Bourges on 11 February 1848, died in Paris on 26 March 1914. He studied at the Seminary of St-Sulpice, then…
Lethargy(LETARGIA)Vol. VII, p. 727 LETARGIA. – A hypnoid state that may be observed in the course of organic diseases of the nervous system (epidemic encephalitis, sleeping sickness), in…
Lethargy(LETARGO)Vol. VII, p. 728 LETARGO. — This is a characteristic phenomenon of certain mammals (rodents, insectivores, chiropterans, carnivores, etc.), represented by the reduction, to a…