'Onqēlos('ONQĒLÒS)Vol. IX, p. 114 'ONQĒLÒS : v. TABGUM.
O Gente Felix OspitaVol. IX, p. 79 « O GENTE FELIX OSPITA ». — Hymn of Lauds in the Office of the feast of the Holy Family, composed by Leo XIII. The humble family of Nazareth is proposed as a…
O Gloriosa VirginumVol. IX, p. 81 « O GLORIOSA VIRGINUM ». — Hymn of Lauds in the Office of the Common of feasts of the Madonna, composed by Venanzio Fortunato. Full of admiration for the…
O Lux Beata CaelitumVol. IX, p. 96 « O LUX BEATA CAELITUM ». — Hymn of Vespers for the feast of the Holy Family, composed by Leo XIII. The poet invokes Jesus, upon whom the affection of his…
O Nimis Felix Meriteque Celsi(O NIMIS FELIX MERITIQUE CELSI)Vol. IX, p. 109 « O NIMIS FELIX MERITIQUE CELSI ». — This is the third part of the hymn of the Office for the feast of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, composed by Paolo…
O Prima Virgo ProditaVol. IX, p. 128 «O PRIMA VIRGO PRODITA». — Hymn of Vespers for the feast of the Assumption, composed by the Jesuit Fr. V. Genovesi for the new office of the Assumption,…
O Quot Undis LacrymarumVol. IX, p. 129 « O QUOT UNDIS LACRYMARUM ». — Hymn of Matins in the Office of the feast of the Sorrows of Maria S.ma (15 Sept.), composed in the eighteenth century by an…
O Sol Salutis, IntimisVol. IX, p. 268 « O SOL SALUTIS, INTIMIS ». – Hymn of Lauds for Lent, by an unknown author; it is found in manuscripts as early as the 10th century. Lent is the season of…
O Sola Magnarum UrbiumVol. IX, p. 268 « O SOLA MAGNARUM URBIUM ». — It is the hymn of praise for the feast of the Epiphany, taken from the Cathemerinon of Prudentius (canto 12, stanzas 20, 2, 16,…
O'Callaghan, Edmund BaileyVol. IX, p. 47 O'CALLAGHAN, EDMUND BAILEY. – As a politician and historian, b. 28 February 1797 at Mallow (County Cork, Ireland), d. 29 May 1880 in New York. He emigrated in…
O'Clery, MichaelVol. IX, p. 67 O'CLERY, MICHAEL. - Irish historian, b. at Kilbaron (County Donegal) in 1575, d. at Louvain in 1643. He entered the Franciscan Order at the college of S.…
O'Connell, Daniele(O'CONNEL, DANIELE)Vol. IX, p. 67 O'CONNEL, DANIELE. – Statesman, born at Carhen on 6 August 1775, died at Genoa on 15 May 1847. Having obtained a degree in law in England, he began his legal…
O'Donnell, Family(O' DONNELL, FAMIGLIA)Vol. IX, p. 76 O' DONNELL, FAMILY. - A powerful and ancient Irish family, originating in the eleventh century, lords of the county of Tyrconnell (present-day Donegan). It was…
O'Donovan, JohnVol. IX, p. 76 O'DONOVAN, JOHN. — Irish historian, born on 9 July 1809 at Atteemore (County Kilkenny), died on 9 December 1861 in Dublin. In 1826 he began working at the…
O'Meara, KathleenVol. IX, p. 97 O'MEARA, KATHLEEN. - Irish writer, b. in 1839 in Dublin, d. 10 Nov. 1888 in Paris. She first devoted herself to the composition of short stories, then to…
O'Neill Family(O'NEILL, FAMIGLIA)Vol. IX, p. 107 O'NEILL, FAMILY. — Famous Irish family, descended from Niall, king of Ireland in the 5th century. To it belonged Muircheartach Mac Neill, who was perhaps the…
O'Reilly, Myles William PatrickVol. IX, p. 184 O'REILLY, MYLES WILLIAM PATRICK. - Irish politician, b. 13 March 1825 in Dublin, where he d. 6 Feb. 1880. He studied at St. Cuthbert's College in Ushaw and at…
Oakeley, FrederickVol. IX, p. 27 OAKELEY, FREDERICK. - English convert, born at Shrewsbury on 5 Sept. 1802, died at Islington on 30 Jan. 1880. Fellow of Balliol College in 1827, parish priest…
Oates, TitusVol. IX, p. 27 OATES, TITUS. — Political-religious adventurer, born at Oakham (Rutlandshire) in 1649, died in London on 23 July 1705. His name is linked to the famous, wholly…
Oath(GIURAMENTO)Vol. VI, p. 474 OATH. — I. NOTION. — It is the invocation of God as witness to the truth of one’s assertion and to the actual performance of a future act or the occurrence of…
Oaxaca, Diocese of(OAXACA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 27 OAXACA, DIOCESI di: v. ANTEQUERA OAXACA, DIOCESI di.
Obadiah (Pseudo)(ABDIA (PSEUDO))Vol. I, p. 60 ABDIA (PSEUDO). — First (imaginary) bishop of Babylon, elected by the apostles Simon and Judas. Around the middle of the sixteenth century, the Viennese…
Oban, Diocese of(OBAN, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 27 OBAN, DIOCESI di: v. ARGYLL E ISOLE, DIOCESI di.
Obed (Hebrew 'Ōbhedh, "Servant")(OBED (EBR. 'ÖBHEDH « SERVITORE »))Vol. IX, p. 34 OBED (Hebr. 'Öbhedh «servant»). — Name of several figures of the Old Testament. 1. Son of Booz and Noemi and grandfather of David (Ruth 4, 17.21.22; I Par. 2,…
Obededom ("Servant of [the God] Edom")(OBEDEDOM (« SERVITORE DEL [DIO] EDOM »))Vol. IX, p. 34 OBEDEDOM (“servant of [the god] Edom”). – A Philistine native of Geth (v.), living in the vicinity of Jerusalem and perhaps a “bodyguard” of David (II Sam.…
Obedience(OBBEDIENZA)Vol. IX, p. 27 OBBEDIENZA. – A moral virtue, annexed to justice, which regulates the relations of subjects with authority and makes the will ready to carry out the command of…
Obedientiary Power(POTENZA OBBEDIENZIALE)Vol. IX, p. 1104 POTENZA OBBEDIENZIALE: V. SOPRANNA-TURALE, ORDINE.
OberammergauVol. IX, p. 34 OBERAMMERGAU. — Village of the Bavarian Alps, in the Archdiocese of Munich, famous for its sacred performances of the Passion of Our Lord (“Passionsspiele”),…
Obicini, TommasoVol. IX, p. 34 OBICINI, TOMMASO. - Franciscan scholar of Palestine and Arabist, b. at Noni, diocese of Novara, and therefore called Tommaso da Novara, d. at Rome on 7 Nov.…
Obituary(OBITUARIO)Vol. IX, p. 36 OBITUARIO. – A register for paraliturgical use, widely disseminated in the Middle Ages and surviving to the present day, containing the date of death, the…
Object(OGGETTO)Vol. IX, p. 80 OBJECT. — From ob-icere (ob-iectum, Greek ἀντι-κλίμενον), it is that which stands opposite, which is placed before. It therefore implies, etymologically, a…
Object of O(OGGETTO DI O)Vol. IX, p. 51 OBJECT OF O. — 1. First of all, certain categories of animals may be the object of o. These are usually distinguished as wild animals (fera), animals that have…
Objectivism(OGGETTIVISMO)Vol. IX, p. 80 OBJECTIVISM. — A tendency or orientation, common to philosophical systems that are otherwise diverse, according to which knowledge does not attain only…
Oblate, Ceremonies of the(OBLATE, CERIMONIE DELLE)Vol. IX, p. 37 OBLATE, CERIMONIE delle: v. OFFERTORIO.
Oblates and Oblate Sisters(OBLATI E OBLATE)Vol. IX, p. 37 OBLATI and OBLATE. — This was the name given to children consecrated to God in a monastery by their parents, and to those adults who, in the late Middle Ages,…
Oblates and Oblate Sisters, Congregations of(OBLATI E OBLATE, CONGREGAZIONI DI)Vol. IX, p. 39 OBLATI e OBLATE, CONGREGAZIONI di. - Religious institutes of men and women, with or without religious vows. Those still in existence are: I. O. OF SS. AMBROSE…
Oblationaries of Saint Ambrose(OBLAZIONARI DI SANT'AMBROGIO)Vol. IX, p. 42 OBLAZIONARI DI SANT'AMBROGIO. - Thus are also called the 10 men and 10 women, elderly and secular, who made up the «Schola S. Ambrosii veglonum (vecchioni) et…
Oblations(OBLAZIONI)Vol. IX, p. 45 OBLAZIONI. – A generic liturgical and juridical designation, used ab antiquo to indicate the spontaneous offerings made by the faithful in church and outside…
Obligation(OBBLIGAZIONE)Vol. IX, p. 29 OBLIGATION. - Obligatio in its very Latin etymology signifies, in an active sense, the act of binding or constraining, and in a passive sense, the feeling of…
Obrecht (Hobrecht), JacobVol. IX, p. 46 OBRECHT (HOBRECHT), JACOB. - Flemish musician, b. at Utrecht about 1430, d. at Mantova in 1505. He was first a singer at the court of Ercole d'Este in Ferrara;…
Obregón, BernardinoVol. IX, p. 47 OBREGÓN, BERNARDINO. - Founder of the Congregation of the Fratelli Minimi, b. near Burgos on 20 May 1540, d. at Madrid on 6 Aug. 1599. Orphaned at an early…
Obrogation(OBROGAZIONE)Vol. IX, p. 47 OBROGATION. - O. (ob-rogare, that is, contra rogare) is a modification of an already existing law, effected in such a way that, with one part added, another is…
Obsequial(OBSEQUIALE)Vol. IX, p. 47 OBSEQUIALE : v. RITUALE.
Obsession(OSSESSIONE)Vol. IX, p. 278 OSSESSIONE: v. DEMONIACHE, MANIFESTAZIONI; SPIRITISMO.
Obsessive Psychosis(PSICOSI OSSESSIVA)Vol. X, p. 167 OBSESSIVE PSYCHOSIS. — In the more modern classifications, it is included in the group of psychoneuroses; it takes its name from the typical symptom complex:…
Occasion of Sin(OCCASIONE DI PECCATO)Vol. IX, p. 50 OCCASION OF SIN. — I. NOTIONS. — By occasion of sin properly is meant a circumstance involving a person, thing, or place, external to the subject, which…
Occasionalism(OCCASIONALISMO)Vol. IX, p. 49 OCCASIONALISM. — A philosophical current that develops Cartesian philosophy by resolving its dualism (v.) through attributing efficient causality solely to…
Occultism(OCCULTISMO)Vol. IX, p. 51 OCCULTISMO: V. METAPSICHICA.
Occupation(OCCUPAZIONE)Vol. IX, p. 51 OCCUPATION. – This is one of the original modes of acquiring ownership, indeed the first of them both historically and in importance at the origins of society.…
OceaniaVol. IX, p. 53 OCEANIA. - I. GEOGRAPHY. - In the broad sense, this name denotes the Australian continent and the insular world accompanying it, including the islands…
Ocheti(OCHETUS)Vol. IX, p. 60 OCHETUS. – Among the various genres of musical composition that arose in the Middle Ages, the O. is a particular technique, later elevated into an independent…
Ochino, BernardinoVol. IX, p. 65 OCHINO, BERNARDINO. — Apostate, born in Siena in the Oca district (whence his name O.) in 1487 to a poor family; died at Slavkov (Moravia) toward the end of…
OchoziaVol. IX, p. 66 OCHOZIA. - King of Israel, son of Achab and Iezabel, he reigned for approximately two years (853–852 B.C.). A contemporary of Iosaphat king of Judah (v.), he…
Ochozia (Joachaz)(OCHOZIA (IOACHAZ))Vol. IX, p. 66 OCHOZIA (IOACHAZ). — King of Judah, son of Ioram (v.) and Athalia; he reigned for only one year (842 B.C.). He was among the few members of the royal family to…
Ockeghem, JohannesVol. IX, p. 66 OCKEGHEM, JOHANNES. - Polyphonist, born in Flanders c. 1430, died in Tours c. 1495. In (from La revue musicale, 5 [1933], pp. 32-33) OCKEGHEM, JOHANNES - J. O.…
Ockham (Occam, Okam, Ocham), William of(OCCAM (OCKHAM, OCKAM, OKAM, OCHAM), GUGLIELMO DA)Vol. IX, p. 47 OCCAM (OCKHAM, OCKAM, OKAM, OCHAM), GUGLIELMO da. – English Franciscan, born at Occam (Surrey), around 1290, died probably at Munich in 1349–50. He studied at…
Octateuch(OTTATEUCO)Vol. IX, p. 291 OCTATEUCH. — The term (ὁκτώ “eight” and τοῦτος “chest” or repository for books and hence “book”) appears for the first time in Cassiodorus (De institutione…
Octateuch of Clement(OTTATEUCO DI CLEMENTE)Vol. IX, p. 291 OTTATEUCO di CLEMENTE: v. COSTITUZIONI APOSTOLICHE.
Octavarium RomanumVol. IX, p. 67 OCTAVARIUM ROMANUM. — A liturgical book of the Roman Church, for optional use, containing the lessons of the Second and Third Nocturns to be read during the…
Octave(OTTAVA)Vol. IX, p. 292 OTTAVA. — Extension of a liturgical feast for eight days. I. IDEA AND ORIGINS. - The prolongation of any solemn celebration, civil or religious, is a natural…
Octave of Prayer for the Unity of the Church(OTTAVA DI PREGHIERE PER L'UNITÀ DELLA CHIESA)Vol. IX, p. 293 OCTAVE OF PRAYER FOR THE UNITY OF THE CHURCH. — A pious practice instituted by Fr. Paolo Giacomo Wattson (v. WATTSON), in 1908, while he was still a Protestant…
OctoechosVol. IX, p. 68 OCTOECHOS. — Liturgical book of the Byzantine rite, containing the proper parts of the Divine Office for a series of eight consecutive weeks, according to the…
Oddone of Cambrai, Blessed(ODDONE DI CAMBRAI, BEATO)Vol. IX, p. 68 ODDONE di CAMBRAI, blessed. – Benedictine theologian and bishop, born at Orléans around the middle of the 11th century, died at the monastery of Anchin, near…
Oddone of Cluny, Saint(ODDONE DI CLUNY, SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 71 ODDONE DI CLUNY, saint. — Second abbot of Cluny in 878–79, from a noble family of Maine, d. at St-Julien de Tours on 18 Nov. 942. Admitted in 898 among the…
Oddone of Ourcamp(ODDONE D'OURSCAMP)Vol. IX, p. 72 ODDONE d'OURSCAMP. - Theologian, also called Sussionensis because he was born in the diocese of Soissons, d. c. 1171. He was magister at the University of…
OderisiVol. IX, p. 72 ODERISI. — Illuminator, born in Gubbio, but active in Bologna, where documents attest to his presence between 1268 and 1271. Dante recalls him (Purg., XI, v.…
Oderzo (Opitergium)Vol. IX, p. 72 ODERZO (Opitergium). — An ancient diocese of the patriarchate of Aquileia, today within the diocese of Ceneda, now called Vittorio Veneto. A city of Venezia…
Odes of Solomon(ODI DI SALOMONE)Vol. IX, p. 73 ODES OF SOLOMON. - This is the title of 42 hymns written in Greek in the 2nd century and inspired by a highly ethereal mysticism. The very lack of sharply…
Odescalchi, Family(ODESCALCHI, FAMIGLIA)Vol. IX, p. 72 ODESCALCHI, FAMILY. — Originally from Como. Its progenitor is presumed to have been a GIORGIO, who was living in 1290. Many of its members held important…
Odescalchi, Marco Antonio AnastasioVol. IX, p. 73 ODESCALCHI, MARCO ANTONIO ANASTASIO. - Master of the Chamber, born at Moltrasio in May 1624, died at Rome on 28 May 1670. Having received Holy Orders at Como,…
Odet of Châtillon(ODET DI CHÂTILLON)Vol. IX, p. 73 ODET di CHÂTILLON. - Apostate, son of the marshal de Châtillon and of Luisa di Montmorency, b. 10 July 1517, d. in London 14 Feb. 1571. He was created cardinal…
Odilia, Saint(ODILIA, SANTA)Vol. IX, p. 73 ODILIA, saint. – Foundress and abbess of Hohenburg, patroness of Alsace. Daughter of Adalrico, duke of Alsace, according to legend she was rejected by her…
Odilo, Saint(ODILONE, SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 74 ODILONE, saint. — Fifth abbot of Cluny. Born in Auvergne around 962, into the noble family of Mercoeur, he died in 1049. He entered Cluny in 991 and succeeded…
Odington, WalterVol. IX, p. 74 ODINGTON, WALTER. – Benedictine monk, who lived in England in the second half of the 13th century. He first resided at Eveshan, then at Merton College…
OdinoVol. IX, p. 74 ODINO: v. GERMANI, RELIGIONE dei.
Odium(ODIO)Vol. IX, p. 74 ODIO. – In general, it is the state of aversion to, or persistent hostility toward, any object whatsoever. It must be regarded either as a passion of the…
Odium PlebisVol. IX, p. 75 ODIUM PLEBIS. — This is one of the causes provided for by the CIC for the removal (v.) of the parish priest. The case of the legitimate resignation, transfer,…
Odoacer (Odoacer, Odoacar)(ODOACRE (ODOACER, ODOACAR))Vol. IX, p. 75 ODOACRE (Odoacer, Odoacar). — First barbarian king of Italy, born in 434, died at Ravenna on 15 March 493. A Scirian by origin, he soon came to Italy,…
Odofredo DenariVol. IX, p. 76 ODOFREDO DENARI. - Jurist, one of the last glossators, born in Bologna into a noble and wealthy family in the first decade of the thirteenth century; died 3…
Odollam (Hebrew 'Adhullām; cf. Arabic 'Adula, "To Take Refuge")(ODOLLAM (EBR. 'ADHULLĀM; CF. ARABO 'ADULA «METTERSI AL SICURO»))Vol. IX, p. 76 ODOLLAM (Heb. 'Adhullām; cf. Arabic 'adula “to place oneself in safety”). - A Canaanite city, often mentioned in the Bible from the time of the Patriarchs to…
Odorico of Pordenone, Blessed(ODORICO DA PORDENONE, BEATO)Vol. IX, p. 77 ODORICO da PORDENONE, blessed. — Born in Villanova di Pordenone between 1269 and 1272, to the Mattiussi family, an Italian family. While still very young he…
Oeiras, Diocese of(OEIRAS, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 77 OEIRAS, DIOCESE of. – City and diocese in the state of Pará in Brazil. It has an area of 70,000 sq km, with a population of 350,000 inhabitants, of whom…
Oengus (Aengus, Latinized Aengussius, Aeneas), Saint(OENGUS (AENGUS, LATINIZZATO AENGUSSIUS, AENEAS), SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 77 OENGUS (AENGUS, Latinized Aengussius, Aeneas), saint. – An Irish monk called “the Culdee” (v. CULDEI), b. at Clúain-Ednéch (Clonenagh, in Leix), d. there on 11…
Offertory(OFFERTORIO)Vol. IX, p. 78 OFFERTORIO. – The name derives from the verb offerre (to offer, to bring), whose participle oblatum gave rise to the word «oblazione», «oblata», by which the…
Official of the Curia(UFFICIALE DELLA CURIA)Vol. XII, p. 438 UFFICIALE DELLA CURIA: v. CONGREGAZIONI ROMANE.
Ogdensburgh, Diocese of(OGDENSBURG, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 79 OGDENSBURG, DIOCESE of. - City and diocese in the State of New York (U.S.A.). The diocese, suffragan to New York, has an area of 12,036 sq. miles and a total…
Oghamic, Script(OGAMICA, SCRITTURA)Vol. IX, p. 79 OGAMICA, SCRITTURA. — From Ogma, Ogmu, Ogmios, the Celtic god of eloquence and writing, whom Lucian (Hercules, 1; ca. 175 A.D.) describes as dressed in a…
Ogilvie (Ogilby), John, Blessed(OGILVIE (OGILBY), JOHN, BEATO)Vol. IX, p. 81 OGILVIE (OGILBY), JOHN, blessed. - Jesuit, martyr, born at Drum-na-Keith (Scotland) in 1580, died at Glasgow on 10 March 1615. Educated as a Calvinist, he…
Oglerio of Trino, Blessed(OGLERIO DI TRINO, BEATO)Vol. IX, p. 81 OGLERIO di TRINO, blessed. - Cistercian abbot, d. 10 Sept. 1214. From about 1205 until his death he was abbot of the monastery of S. Maria di Lucedio near…
Ogliastra, Diocese of(OGLIASTRA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 81 OGLIASTRA, DIOCESE of. — In the province of Nuoro, with the episcopal residence in Lanusei. It has an area of 2,461 sq. km and a population of 55,000…
Ogoja, Apostolic Prefecture of(OGOJA, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. IX, p. 83 OGOJA, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. — In the southeastern part of Nigeria entrusted to the Society of St Patrick for the Foreign Missions (Ireland). It was erected…
Ohrid (Achrís; Slavic Ohrid; Albanian Ohri, Italian Ocrida)(ACRIDA (ACHRIS; SLAVO OHRID; ALBANESE OHRI, ITAL. OCRIDA))Vol. I, p. 173 ACRIDA (Achris; Slavic Ohrid; Albanian Ohri, Italian Ocrida). — Episcopal city that succeeded ancient Lychnidos; it begins to be mentioned in the Bulgarian…
Ojetti, BenedettoVol. IX, p. 83 OJETTI, BENEDETTO. — Canon lawyer, b. in Roma on 5 Apr. 1862, d. there on 30 Sept. 1932. Having entered the Society of Jesus in 1878 and devoted himself to…
Oklahoma City and Tulsa, Diocese of(OKLAHOMA E TULSA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 84 OKLAHOMA e TULSA, DIOCESE OF. - In the United States of America. The diocese comprises the State of O. and has (1950) a total population of 2,230,253…
Olaf I, Tryggvesson, King of Norway(OLAF I, TRYGGVESSON, RE DI NORVEGIA)Vol. IX, p. 84 OLAF I, Tryggvesson, king of NORWAY. - Great-grandson of King Harald I Haarfagre, founder of the kingdom of Norway, b. in 969. He fought alongside Svend, king…
Olaf II, Haraldsson, King of Norway, Saint(OLAF II, HARALDSSON RE DI NORVEGIA, SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 84 OLAF II, Haraldsson, king of NORWAY, saint. – Called O. the Strong or O. the Saint, born in 995, died in 1030. Son of Harald of Norway, he spent his youth as a…
Olaf II, King of Norway, Saint(OLAF II, RE DI NORVEGIA, SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 84 OLAF II, KING OF NORWAY, saint - O. Wooden statue (ca. 1470) - Lübeck, Museum f. Kunst-u. Kulturgesch. of his diocese, where he built numerous churches and…
Olafsson, PietroVol. IX, p. 84 OLAFSSON, PIETRO: v. PIETRO DI OLAF.
Old Age(VECCHIAIA)Vol. XII, p. 732 VECCHIAIA. – Biologists and physicians today tend to differentiate the concept of senescence from that of senility or v. Thus, according to Pende, the first…
Old Catholics (Altkatholiken)(VECCHI CATTOLICI (ALTKATHOLIKEN))Vol. XII, p. 733 VECCHI CATTOLICI (Altkatholiken). — This was the name adopted by the members of the schismatic Church that arose in opposition to the First Vatican Council and…
Old Testament(VETUS TESTAMENTUM)Vol. XII, p. 857 VETUS TESTAMENTUM. - A quarterly published by the International Organization of Old Testament scholars, founded at Leiden in 1951. It may already be counted…
Old Testament Studies ("Studia Anticotesamentaria")(OUDTESTAMENTISCHE STUDIEN («STUDI ANTICOTESTAMENTARI»))Vol. IX, p. 304 OUDTESTAMENTISCHE STUDIEN («Old Testament Studies»). — Series of monographs of the «Oudtestamentisch Werkgezelschap in Nederland», which studies with special…
Olesnicki, Zbigniew(OLESNICKI, ZBYGNIEW)Vol. IX, p. 84 OLESNICKI, ZBYGNIEW. - Bishop of Cracovia, cardinal and Polish statesman, b. at Sienno in 1389, d. at Sandomierz on 1 Apr. 1455. Having completed his studies…
Olga of Russia (Latin: Helena)(OLGA DI RUSSIA (LAT. ELENA))Vol. IX, p. 85 OLGA of RUSSIA (Lat. Elena). – Born around 890, died in 970, wife of the Russian prince Igor I of Kiev (d. 945) and mother of his successor Svjatoslav, during…
Olichon, Armand-Louis-Joseph-MarieVol. IX, p. 85 OLICHON, ARMAND-LOUIS-JOSEPH-MARIE. - B. at Rennes on 11 April 1876, and d. at Paris on 19 May 1936. Having completed his secondary studies, he entered the…
Oliden, Gaspar (de)Vol. IX, p. 85 OLIDEN, GASPAR (DE). - Theatine theologian and ascetical writer, b. at Elgoibar (Guipúzcoa, Spain), d. c. 1740. He made his religious profession at Madrid on 6…
Olier, Jean-JacquesVol. IX, p. 85 OLIER, JEAN-JACQUES. - French priest, founder of the Society of St. Sulpice, born in Paris on Sept. 20, 1608, died there on Apr. 2, 1657. He completed his…
Oliger, LivariusVol. IX, p. 86 OLIGER, LIVARIUS. — Franciscan historian, born in Schorbach in Lorraine on 27 February 1875, died in Rome on 29 January 1951. On 25 September 1892 he donned…
Olimpio, Francesco, Venerable(OLIMPIO, FRANCESCO, VENERABILE)Vol. IX, p. 86 OLIMPIO, FRANCESCO, venerable. - Theatine ascetical writer, b. in Napoli on 5 Aug. 1559, d. there on 21 Feb. 1639. He was distinguished by his holy life, rich…
Olinda and Recife, Archdiocese of(OLINDA E RECIFE, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 89 OLINDA e RECIFE, ARCIDIOCESI of. — In the State of Pernambuco (Brazil). It is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province whose boundaries coincide…
Oliva, AlessandroVol. IX, p. 90 OLIVA, ALESSANDRO. — Cardinal, born at Sassoferrato in 1407, died in Rome on 20 or 22 August 1463 with a reputation for sanctity. He entered the Order of the…
Oliva, Gian PaoloVol. IX, p. 90 OLIVA, GIAN PAOLO. — Eleventh Superior General of the Jesuits, born in Genoa on 4 October 1600, died in Rome on 26 November 1681. He entered the Society in…
Olivaint, PierreVol. IX, p. 90 OLIVAINT, PIERRE. — Jesuit, victim of the Commune (v.), born in Paris on 22 February 1816, died there on 26 May 1871. Son of a Napoleonic officer, he completed…
Olivares, Gaspar de Guzmán de(OLIVARES, GASPAR DE GUZMAN DE)Vol. IX, p. 91 OLIVARES, GASPAR DE GUZMAN de. - Known as the “count-duke,” Spanish minister, b. in Rome in 1587, d. at Toro (Zamora) on 22 July 1645. Son of Enrico, Spanish…
Oliveira, Diocese of(OLIVEIRA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 91 OLIVEIRA, DIOCESE of. — City and diocese in the State of Minas Geraes, Brazil. It has an area of 6,887 sq. km., with 198,000 Catholic inhabitants. It has 17…
Olivetan Benedictines(BENEDETTINI OLIVETANI)Vol. II, p. 726 BENEDETTINI OLIVETANI. — A family of the great Benedictine Order, founded in 1313 at Monte Oliveto Maggiore, in the province of Siena, by Bl. Bernardo Tolomei…
Olivetans(OLIVETANI)Vol. IX, p. 91 OLIVETANI: v. BENEDETTINI OLIVETANI. Here COMITIS called and DVC18 becomes Imogene Valius. Mch. oronale OB.BIS from COMITEM ag DVCEM. (from Liutprandi opera…
Olivi (Olieu), Pietro di GiovanniVol. IX, p. 92 OLIVI (OLIEU), PIETRO di GIOVANNI. — Friar Minor, scholastic master, and leader of the Spiritual group, born in Sérignan (Languedoc) c. 1248, died in Narbonne…
Olivieri, Pier PaoloVol. IX, p. 93 OLIVIERI, PIER PAOLO. — Sculptor and architect, b. in Rome in 1551 and d. there in 1599. In both his architectural and sculptural works he is bound to the very…
Ollegario, Bishop of Barcelona, Saint(OLLEGARIO, VESCOVO DI BARCELLONA, SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 93 OLLEGARIO, bishop of BARCELONA, saint. — Also called Oldegario and Olaguer, born in Barcelona around the middle of the 11th century, died there in 1137.…
Ollé-Laprune, Léon(OLLE-LAPRUNE, LÉON)Vol. IX, p. 94 OLLE-LAPRUNE, LÉON. – Philosopher, born in Paris on 25 July 1839, died there on 13 February 1898. A student at the École normale supérieure, he began teaching…
OloferneVol. IX, p. 94 OLOFERNE. – Commander-in-chief, the highest-ranking person after the king (Iudt. 2:4; cf. I Par. 16:5; II Par. 28:7; Esth. 13:3; 16:11), to whom Nabuchodonosor…
Ologenesis(OLOGENESI)Vol. IX, p. 95 OLOGENESI: v. EVOLUZIONE.
Olomouc (Olmütz), Archdiocese of(OLOMOUC (OLMÜTZ), ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 95 OLOMOUC (OLMÜTZ), ARCHDIOCESE of. – Archdiocese and city of Moravia (Czechoslovakia). The city was founded in the 11th century and was the capital of Moravia…
Oloron, Diocese of(OLORON, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 95 OLORON, DIOCESI di: v. BAIONA, DIOCESI di.
Olshausen, HermannVol. IX, p. 95 OLSHAUSEN, HERMANN. - Protestant exegete of a positive theological orientation, opponent of rationalism, idealism, and Romanticism, b. at Oldeshoe (Holstein)…
Olshausen, JustusVol. IX, p. 95 OLSHAUSEN, JUSTUS. - Renowned orientalist, brother of Hermann, born in Hohenfelde (Holstein) on May 9, 1800, died in Berlin on Dec. 28, 1882. In 1814 he began…
Olympias, Saint(OLIMPIADE, SANTA)Vol. IX, p. 86 OLIMPIADE, saint. - She is commemorated in the Roman Martyrology on 17 Dec., but in the Greek Synaxaria on 24 July, which is the true dies natalis. Born in…
Olympiodorus(OLIMPIODORO)Vol. IX, p. 89 OLIMPIODORUS. – Deacon of Alexandria, a contemporary of Procopius of Gaza (6th century); he wrote commentaries on the Old Testament, making extensive use of…
Omaha, Archdiocese of(OMAHA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 96 OMAHA, ARCHDIOCESE of. - City and archdiocese in the State of Nebraska, U.S.A. O. covers an area of 14,051 sq. miles, with a population (1950) of 543,656…
Ombrós, Giovanni Paolo(OMBROSI, GIOVANNI PAOLO)Vol. IX, p. 97 OMBROSI, GIOVANNI PAOLO. – Florentine jurist of the 18th century (d. in 1774–75). Son of the rotal advocate Bartolomeo, he studied jurisprudence at the school…
Omeism(OMEISMO)Vol. IX, p. 97 OMEISMO : v. ARIANESIMO.
Omerites, Martyrs(OMERITI, MARTIRI)Vol. IX, p. 99 OMERITI, MARTIRI: v. ABETA.
OmnibeneVol. IX, p. 102 OMNIBENE. - A master of theology, who lived around the middle of the 12th century, probably in Bologna, and is perhaps to be identified with the Bolognese…
Omnis Expertem Maculae MariamVol. IX, p. 102 « OMNIS EXPERTEM MACULAE MARIAM ». — Hymn of Vespers for the feast of the apparition of Our Lady of Lourdes, composed by Leone XIII. The author briefly…
Omophagia(OMOPAGIA)Vol. IX, p. 102 OMOPAGIA: V. ORFICI, MISTERI.
Omophorion(OMOFORIO)Vol. IX, p. 102 OMOFORIO. – Liturgical vestment, distinctive of the bishops of the Byzantine, Armenian, Syrian, Maronite, and Coptic rites, it is a silk scarf (band, sash), 3…
Omri (Hebrew 'Omri'; Septuagint 'Αμβρί)(AMRI (EBR. 'OMRI'; SETTANTA 'ΑΜΒΡΊ'))Vol. I, p. 686 AMRI (Heb. ‘Omri’; Septuagint ‘Αμβρί’). — Sixth king of Israel (884–873 B.C.), founder of the fourth dynasty, he ascended the throne in the 27th year of Asa,…
Onah(ONA)Vol. IX, p. 103 ONA. — Town in the diocese and province of Burgos (Spain), site of the monastery of S. Salvatore, founded in 1011 by the count of Castile and his wife Donna…
OnanVol. IX, p. 103 ONAN. – Second-born son of Judah, son of the patriarch Jacob, by his Canaanite wife, Sue. Since his brother Her had died without offspring, following his…
Ondo, Diocese of(ONDO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 107 ONDO, DIOCESE of. - In the south-eastern part of Nigeria. The evangelization of the territory began in 1913 through the work of the Fathers of the Society for…
Onesimus(ONESIMO)Vol. IX, p. 108 ONESIMO. – A fugitive slave, probably Phrygian and from Colosse (Col. 4:9), on whose behalf St. Paul wrote the Epistle to Philemon (v.). The name O. (= Useful)…
Onesiphorus(ONESIFORO)Vol. IX, p. 108 ONESIFORO. — A figure of the Church of Ephesus, mentioned in II Tim. 1:16 ff. and 4:19 (the “house of O.”). From the context it appears that he was already…
OniaVol. IX, p. 108 ONIA. – Name of four Jewish high priests of the 3rd and 2nd centuries B.C. (Fl. Josephus, Antiq. Iud., XII–XIII; and Bell. Iud., VII). The first and the third…
Onitsha, Archdiocese of(ONITSHA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 109 ONITSHA, ARCHDIOCESE of. - In the south-central part of Nigeria. Missionaries of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit, coming from Gabon (French Equatorial…
Onofri, VincenzoVol. IX, p. 109 ONOFRI, VINCENZO. — Bolognese sculptor, first recorded in 1493 for the payment for two statues of Blessed Alberto Magno and Raimondo di Peñafort in S. Domenico…
Onofrius, Saint(ONOFRIO, SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 109 ONOFRIO, saint. - Hermit of the Egyptian Thebaid, d. toward the end of the 4th century or at the beginning of the 5th (the date 375 is unfounded). His feast in…
Ontological Argument(ONTOLOGICO, ARGOMENTO)Vol. IX, p. 115 ONTOLOGICAL ARGUMENT. — O. a. is, in the history of philosophy, that form of demonstration which intends to deduce the existence of God from his very concept.…
Ontologism(ONTOLOGISMO)Vol. IX, p. 115 ONTOLOGISM. – A philosophical tendency, with varying meanings, characteristic above all of modern philosophy. I. NOTION AND HISTORY. — Many controversies have…
Ontology(ONTOLOGIA)Vol. IX, p. 114 ONTOLOGIA. – From ὄν and λόγος, the science of being; it is synonymous with metaphysics (v.) and seems to have been introduced for the first time by J.…
Onyx (Lat. Onyx)(ONICE (LAT. ONYX))Vol. IX, p. 109 ONICE (Latin onyx). — A term that in the Vulgate denotes both a perfume and a precious stone. In Ex. 30:34 it is the perfume of the odoriferous nail (blatta…
Oolla and Ooliba(OOLLA E OOLIBA)Vol. IX, p. 117 OOLLA and OOLIBA. — Symbolic names chosen by Ezechiele (chap. 23) to designate Samaria and Jerusalem. Both are transcriptions of the Hebrew 'Ohôlâh = “her own…
OphelVol. IX, p. 125 OPHEL. – Southeastern hill of Jerusalem. The name, from the root 'áphal = “to swell,” properly “protuberance,” “projection” (Deut. 28, 27; I Sam. 54, 61), came…
OphirVol. IX, p. 126 OPHIR. — Region reached by the fleet of Solomon (I Reg. 9: 28; 10: 22), which King Iosaphat attempted to restore (ibid. 22: 49)—with its base in the port of…
Ophites(OFITI)Vol. IX, p. 78 OFITI. - Name of a group of Gnostics, which derives from the prominence they gave to the serpent in the paradise narrative. These Gnostics were originally…
Opi, Opalia, OpiconsiviaVol. IX, p. 127 OPI, OPALIA, OPICONSIVIA. - Opi, an ancient Roman goddess, is often identified in literary testimonies with the Greek Rhea and consequently appears as the wife…
Opicino De CanistrisVol. IX, p. 126 OPICINO de CANISTRIS. - Priest, draughtsman, and talented miniaturist, b. at Lomello (Pavia) on 24 Dec. 1296, d. after 1334. In 1323 he became parish priest of…
Opinion(OPINIONE)Vol. IX, p. 126 OPINION. - An assertion to which assent is given, but without absolute certainty and without evidence (v.) of its truth. Parmenide identifies opinion (δῶς)…
Oppido Mamertina, Diocese of(OPPIDO MAMERTINA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 127 OPPIDO MAMERTINA, DIOCESI of. — Diocese and city in the province of Reggio Calabria, in a pleasant position on the northwestern slopes of the Aspromonte; a…
Oppizzoni, Carlo(OPPIZZONI CARLO)Vol. IX, p. 127 OPPIZZONI CARLO. – Cardinal, born in Milan on 15 April 1769, died in Bologna on 13 April 1855. Having completed his studies in his native city and been…
Opposition of Third(OPPOSIZIONE DI TERZO)Vol. IX, p. 127 OPPOSIZIONE DI TERZO. — This is one of the means of challenging a judgment (v.), and specifically the one granted to a person who, being a stranger to the…
Optatus of Milevi in Numidia (Optatus Miletianus), Saint(OTTATO DI MILEVI IN NUMIDIA (OPTATUS MILETIANUS), SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 291 OTTATO of MILEVI in Numidia (Optatus Miletianus), saint. — Bishop of this city in the fourth century, known for his polemical work against the Donatist…
Optics(OTTICA)Vol. IX, p. 294 OPTICS. — This name originally denoted that branch of physics concerned with the modalities of luminous phenomena. Light is understood as a quid which,…
Optimism(OTTIMISMO)Vol. IX, p. 297 OPTIMISM. — In the narrower philosophical sense, at the beginning of the eighteenth century the term referred to the doctrine of Leibniz (v.), which holds that…
Optina Pustyn'Vol. IX, p. 128 OPTINA PUSTYN'. - A Russian monastery near Kozelsk, in the province of Kaluga. Its uncertain origins date back to the fourteenth-fifteenth century. During the…
Opus Decusque Regium Reliqueris(OPUS DECUSQUE REGIUM RELIQUERAS)Vol. IX, p. 128 «OPUS DECUSQUE REGIUM RELIQUERAS». – Hymn of Lauds in the Office of s. Elisabetta regina del Portogallo (8 July), written by Urban VIII, who had canonized her…
Oracle(ORACOLO)Vol. IX, p. 129 ORACLE. – Divine communication given in specific places (cave, grove, sanctuary, and the like) by a person consecrated to the sacrifice of a particular deity…
Oracula Vivae VocisVol. IX, p. 130 ORACULA VIVAE VOCIS. — These are privileges granted orally by the competent authority. The institution dates back to the time of s. Gregorio Magno (Reg. 8, 16;…
Oradea Mare (Nagy-Várad, Grosswardein, Gran Varadino), Diocese of(ORADEA MARE (NAGY-VÁRAD, GROSS WARDEN, GRAN VARADINO), DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 131 ORADEA MARE (NAGY-VÁRAD, GROSS WARDEN, GRAN VARADINO), DIOCESE OF. – United Catholic diocese in northwestern Transylvania, in Romania after 1918. After the…
Oradea Mare of the Latins, Diocese of(ORADEA MARE DEI LATINI, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 131 ORADEA MARE DEI LATINI, DIOCESI di: v. SATU MARE, DIOCESI di.
Oral Informations(INFORMATIONES ORALES)Vol. VI, p. 1129 INFORMATIONES ORALES. — These are explanations or elucidations of the case that the advocate presents to the judge in order to clarify the reasons supporting…
Oran (Oran), Diocese of(ORANO (ORAN), DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 132 ORANO (ORAN), DIOCESE of. — City and diocese of Algeria, suffragan of the archdiocese of Algiers. It has an area of 67,353 sq. km. and a population of…
OrangeVol. IX, p. 131 ORANGE. — City and ancient diocese in the department of Vaucluse in southern France. It is the ancient Arausio of Gallia Narbonensis. Augustus founded there…
OranteVol. IX, p. 132 ORANT. — The early Christians adopted the same gestures for prayer as were used by pagans (Cicero, Fam. 7, 5; Virgil, Aen. II, 687 ff.; Apuleius, De mundo, 33)…
Oratorio (Music)(ORATORIO (MUSICA))Vol. IX, p. 144 ORATORIO (MUSIC). – The oratorio differs from theatrical production in being entirely without the aid of scenery and any visible means of expression; it also…
Oratory (Liturgy)(ORATORIO (LITURGIA))Vol. IX, p. 141 ORATORIO (LITURGY). – It is a sacred building or place intended, rather than for the use of all the faithful, for that of a college, a community, a family, or…
Oratory of Divine Love(ORATORIO DEL DIVINO AMORE)Vol. IX, p. 146 ORATORIO DEL DIVINO AMORE: v. COMPAGNIA DEL DIVINO AMORE.
Oratory of Eternal Wisdom(ORATORIO DELL'ETERNA SAPIENZA)Vol. IX, p. 146 ORATORIO DELL'ETERNA SAPIENZA. — An association or confraternity of ecclesiastics and laypeople desirous of a more intense spiritual life, founded and…
Oratory of Jesus and of Immaculate Mary(ORATORIO DI GESÙ E DI MARIA IMMACOLATA)Vol. IX, p. 147 ORATORY OF JESUS AND OF MARY IMMACULATE. — Society of priests living in community without vows, founded in Paris in 1611 by Pietro de Bérulle (v.). He drew his…
Oratory of Saint Philip Neri(ORATORIO DI SAN FILIPPO NERI)Vol. IX, p. 147 ORATORIO DI SAN FILIPPO NERI: V. ISTITUTO DELL'ORATORIO DI SAN FILIPPO NERI.
Orazio da Pennabilli(ORAZIO DA PENNABILI)Vol. IX, p. 148 ORAZIO da PENNABILI: v. FRANCESCO ORAZIO da PENNABILI.
Orcagna, Andrea di Cione Arcagnolo, detto l'Vol. IX, p. 151 ORCAGNA, ANDREA di CIONE ARCAGNOLO, called l'. — Florentine painter, sculptor, and architect, d. in 1376. Mentioned among the Florentine painters in 1343, his…
Orchestra in Liturgical Music(ORCHESTRA NELLA MUSICA LITURGICA)Vol. IX, p. 152 ORCHESTRA IN LITURGICAL MUSIC. — The Church was always opposed to the use of musical instruments during sacred rites, despite the fact that in the early Middle…
Orcus(ORCO)Vol. IX, p. 152 ORCO. - The use of the word Orcus in Latin is manifold: it may denote a place (the Underworld), a god, or the personification of death. As a god, O. has been…
Ordeal(ORDALIA)Vol. IX, p. 152 ORDALIA. – From Anglo-Saxon ordeal, German Urtheil “sentence,” “judgment,” the o. is a judgment which the divinity or a supernatural power is called upon to…
Ordelaffi, Family(ORDELAFFI, FAMIGLIA)Vol. IX, p. 152 ORDELAFFI, FAMILY. - For two centuries it held the lordship of Forlì and other lands of Romagna. The lordship was already taking shape when SCARPETTA, son of…
Order and Ordination(ORDINE E ORDINAZIONE)Vol. IX, p. 154 I. THE SACRAMENT OF HOLY ORDERS SUMMARY: I. Institution of the Priesthood of the New Testament. - II. The Three Degrees of the Priesthood. - III. Transmission…
Order of Alcántara(ALCÁNTARA, ORDINE DI)Vol. I, p. 447 ALCÁNTARA, ORDER OF. – A chivalric order founded at S. Juliao de Pereyro in 1156 on the initiative of certain knights from Salamanca, led by D. Suarez…
Order of Our Lady of Charity of the Refuge(ORDINE DI NOSTRA SIGNORA DELLA CARITÀ DEL RIFUGIO)Vol. IX, p. 167 ORDINE DI NOSTRA SIGNORA DELLA CARITÀ DEL RIFUGIO. - It was founded by s. Giovanni Eudes at Caen (Normandy) in 1641, with the principal aim of the…
Order of Preachers(FRATI PREDICATORI, ORDINE DEL)Vol. V, p. 1040 DOMINICAN FRIARS, ORDER OF - Mendicant order founded by St. Dominic (hence: Dominicans) for preaching. Its modern constitutions indicate the means employed to…
Order of the Holy Cross(ORDINE DELLA SANTA CROCE)Vol. IX, p. 165 ORDINE DELLA SANTA CROCE. - Sull'origine dei Canonici Regolari della S. Croce non si (da A. A. Huckel, Homen, Friburgo 1861, tav. II) have certain information;…
Order of the Most Holy Trinity(ORDINE DELLA S.MA TRINITÀ)Vol. IX, p. 166 ORDER OF THE MOST HOLY TRINITY – Martino, archbishop of Toledo, with the consent of the Chapter, grants s. Giovanni di Matha perpetual administration of the…
Ordinary(ORDINARIO)Vol. IX, p. 153 ORDINARY. – This is the person invested with the ordinary power of jurisdiction. According to can. 198 § 1, the following are to be considered O., unless…
Ordination(CHIROTONIA)Vol. III, p. 903 CHIROTONY: v. HANDS, IMPOSITION of the.
Ordoñez, BartoloméVol. IX, p. 177 ORDOÑEZ, BARTOLOMÉ. — Castilian sculptor, born in Burgos around the final decades of the 15th century, died still young at Carrara on 10 December 1520.…
Oreb and Zeb(OREB E ZEB)Vol. IX, p. 178 OREB and ZEB. – Totemic names ('ôrêbh “raven”; zê'êbh “wolf”) of two Midianite chiefs, captured by the Israelites of the time of Gedeone (v.) west of the…
