Morichini, Carlo LuigiVol. VIII, p. 845 MORICHINI, CARLO LUIGI. – Cardinal, born in Rome on 21 November 1805, died there on 14 May 1879. After obtaining a degree in law, he entered the ecclesiastical…
Morigia, PaoloVol. VIII, p. 845 MORIGIA, PAOLO. – Gesuato, born in Milan in 1525, died there in 1604. He was several times superior general of his Order and reformed its Statutes. He composed…
Morin (Morinus), JeanVol. VIII, p. 845 MORIN (Morinus), JEAN. – Theologian and scholar of biblical textual criticism, born in Blois in 1591, died in Paris on 28 February 1659. Born to Calvinist…
Morin, Léopold-GermainVol. VIII, p. 846 MORIN, LÉOPOLD-GERMAIN. - Benedictine, b. at Caen (Normandy) on 16 Nov. 1861, d. at Orselina “al Sasso” (Locarno) on 12 Feb. 1946. He entered the abbey of…
Morini, MarianoVol. VIII, p. 846 MORINI, MARIANO. — Theologian, philosopher, and physicist, born in Parma on 19 May 1732, died there on 21 January 1801. He entered the Order of Minims and…
Morino, GiovanniVol. VIII, p. 846 MORINO, GIOVANNI. – Lazarist, moral theologian, born in Bra (Cuneo) on 30 June 1839, died in Naples on 31 May 1923. He published a Manuale di sacra eloquenza…
Morlacchi, FrancescoVol. VIII, p. 847 MORLACCHI, FRANCESCO. - Musician, b. at Perugia on 14 June 1784, d. at Innsbruck on 28 Oct. 1841. He studied in his native city, perfected his training at…
Morlot, François-Nicolas-MadeleineVol. VIII, p. 847 MORLOT, FRANÇOIS-NICOLAS-MADELEINE. - Cardinal, b. 28 Nov. 1795 at Langres, d. 29 Dec. 1862 at Paris. Ordained at Paris in 1820, he immediately distinguished…
Mormons(MORMONI)Vol. VIII, p. 847 MORMONI. – Protestant sect established in the United States in the 19th century. They are also called Latter-day Saints (Latter-day saints) or the Church of…
Moro, Anton LazzaroVol. VIII, p. 848 MORO, ANTON LAZZARO. - Priest and scientist, b. at S. Vito al Tagliamento on 16 March 1687, d. there on 13 Apr. 1764. He cultivated music and belles-lettres;…
Morondava, Apostolic Prefecture of(MORONDAVA, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. VIII, p. 848 MORONDAVA, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. - It is situated on the western coast of Madagascar and was erected on 18 Jan. 1938 with territory taken from the apostolic…
Morone, DomenicoVol. VIII, p. 848 MORONE, DOMENICO. — Painter, born in Verona ca. 1442, died there after 1517. His earliest dated work is the Madonna in the Berlin Museum (1484), which must…
Morone, GiovanniVol. VIII, p. 848 MORONE, GIOVANNI. — Cardinal, born in Milan on 25 January 1509 to Girolamo, chancellor of Massimiliano and Francesco Sforza, and Amabilia Fisiraga. He pursued…
Moroni, GaetanoVol. VIII, p. 850 MORONI, GAETANO. — Scholar, born in Rome on 17 October 1802, died there on 3 November 1883. A barber and subsequently chamber servant to Cardinal Mauro…
Moroseness(MOROSITÀ)Vol. VIII, p. 850 MOROSITÀ. – From the Latin mora, delay, it is the unjustified deferment or delay in the fulfillment of an obligation. This unjustified delay may have…
Morosini, Family(MOROSINI, FAMIGLIA)Vol. VIII, p. 850 MOROSINI, FAMIGLIA. — One of the most distinguished families of Venice, whose members, over the course of the centuries, held the most important public offices…
Morozzo, Carlo GiuseppeVol. VIII, p. 851 MOROZZO, CARLO GIUSEPPE. - Bishop of Saluzzo, b. at Mondovì in 1645, d. at Saluzzo on 14 March 1729. Having entered the Reformed Cistercians (Feuillants), he…
Morphinism(MORFINISMO)Vol. VIII, p. 844 MORFINISMO : v. NARCOTICI.
Mortalium AnimosVol. VIII, p. 851 «MORTALIUM ANIMOS». – Opening words of the encyclical letter of Pius XI of 6 January 1928 De vera religionis unitate fovenda (AAS, 20 [1928], pp. 5–16),…
Mortara, Pio EdgardoVol. VIII, p. 851 MORTARA, PIO EDGARDO. — Regular canon, born on 26 August 1851 in Bologna, died on 11 March 1940 at Bouhay (Belgium). The son of a Jewish merchant from Bologna,…
Mortification(MORTIFICAZIONE)Vol. VIII, p. 864 MORTIFICATION. — An ascetical Christian term indicating the privations imposed upon oneself in order to master the disordered tendencies of nature, with a view…
MortorioVol. VIII, p. 865 MORTORIO. - This was the name given to a sacred representation commemorating the Passion and Death of Christ. Adapting itself to the tastes of the time and to…
Mosaic(MUSAICO)Vol. VIII, p. 910 MUSAICO. – In Latin opus musivum (opere museo, in CIL, VIII, 1323), in Greek μοῦσα, μουσάκιον, μουσόμα, and at a later period metallica. It is a form of…
MoscaVol. VIII, p. 866 MOSCOW. - Sacred city of old Russia, the capital of the R. S. F. S. R. and the U. S. S. R. stands on seven hills along the banks of the Moskva River and its…
Moscati, GiuseppeVol. VIII, p. 874 MOSCATI, GIUSEPPE. — Physician, born in Benevento on 25 July 1880, died in Naples on 12 April 1927. At the age of 17 he made a vow of perpetual chastity; he…
MoscheaVol. VIII, p. 874 MOSQUE. — A building for Muslim worship, which in its primitive form, according to some, derived from the Arab dwelling house. The oldest mosque was the one…
Mosco, GiovanniVol. VIII, p. 874 MOSCO, GIOVANNI. — Monk and hagiographer, also called ὁ εὐκρατὰς (= abstinent), born probably in Damascus around the middle of the 6th century, died in Rome in…
Moses (Mōšeh, Μω[θ]σῆς, Vulg. MoySES, Ancient Latin Moses)(MOSÈ (MŌŠEH, ΜΩ[Θ]ΣΗ͂Σ, VOLG. MOYSES, ANTICA LATINA MOSES))Vol. VIII, p. 875 MOSÈ (Mōšeh, Μω[θ]σῆς, Vulg. Moyses, Old Latin Moses). — Initiator of the Israelite theocracy, legislator of Israel, who governed for more than forty years as…
Moses Bar Kēfā(MOSÈ BAR KÉFÁ)Vol. VIII, p. 882 MOSÈ bar KÉFÁ. — Syriac Jacobite writer, bishop of Mossul, born at Bálád in 815 and died on 12 February 903. He was famous for the abundance and variety of his…
Moses ben Maimon(MOSÈ BEN MAJMÓN)Vol. VIII, p. 882 MOSÈ ben MAJMÓN: v. MAIMONIDE.
Moses of Khoren (of Corene) detto anche Khoranatsi(MOSÈ DI KHOREN (DI CORENE) DETTO ANCHE KHORANATSI)Vol. VIII, p. 882 MOSÈ di KHOREN (di CORENE), also called KHORANATSI. — Celebrated Armenian historian, author of a monumental History of Armenia divided into three parts,…
Moses the Ethiopian, Saint(MOSÈ L'ETIOPE, SANTO)Vol. VIII, p. 882 MOSES the Ethiopian, saint. — Commemorated in the Latin and Greek martyrologies on 28 August, and in the Ethiopian ones on 18 June. He was a slave of a master…
Moses the Saracen, Saint(MOSÈ IL SARACENO, SANTO)Vol. VIII, p. 882 MOSÈ il SARACENO, saint. - He is commemorated in the Roman Martyrology on 7 February, but the precise day of his death is unknown. He is regarded as the…
Mosollam (Heb. Mēsullām)(MOSOLLAM (EBR. MĒSULLĀM))Vol. VIII, p. 883 MOSOLLAM (Hebr. Mēsullām). — Name of various figures of the Old Testament, especially from the post-exilic period, whose identity is often difficult to…
Mossorò, Diocese of(MOSSORÒ, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 883 MOSSORÒ, DIOCESI di - City and diocese in the State of Rio Grande do Nord in Brazil. Over an area of 18,365 sq. km., it has 400,000 inhabitants, of whom…
Most Holy Assumption Of Paraguay, Archdiocese Of(SANTISSIMA ASSUNZIONE DEL PARAGUAY, ARCIDIOCESI DELLA)Vol. X, p. 1104 SANTISSIMA ASSUNZIONE DEL PARAGUAY, ARCHDIOCESE of. — Also called simply, before 1929, “of Paraguay,” because it comprised the entire territory of the Republic…
Most Holy Conception (Conception), Archdiocese Of(SANTISSIMA CONCEZIONE (CONCEPTION), ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. X, p. 1104 SANTISSIMA CONCEZIONE (CONCEPTION), ARCHDIOCESE of. - City and archdiocese of Chile, in the province of Concepción, Arauco, and Bio-Bio, in South America. It…
Most Holy Conception of Araguaia, Prelature of(SANTISSIMA CONCEZIONE DI ARAGUAJA, PRELATURA DI)Vol. X, p. 1104 SANTISSIMA CONCEZIONE DI ARAGUAJA, PRELATURE of. — Suffragan of Belém do Pará, in the State of Pará, Brazil. Formerly a Dominican mission, it became a…
Most Holy Trinity Of Cava Dei Tirreni, Abbey Of(SANTISSIMA TRINITÀ DI CAVA DEI TIRRENI, BADIA DELLA)Vol. X, p. 1104 SANTISSIMA TRINITÀ DI CAVA DEI TIRRENI, BADIA della. — Abbey nullius, immediately subject. Within an area of 180 sq km it comprises 21,000 inhabitants, all…
Most Holy Virgin Mary of Einsiedeln(SANTISSIMA VERGINE MARIA DI EINSIEDELN)Vol. X, p. 1105 SANTISSIMA VERGINE MARIA DI EINSIEDELN. - Abbazia nullius in the canton of Schwyz in central Switzerland. The beginnings of the cult of Our Lady under the…
Most Precious Blood of N(SANGUE PREZIOSISSIMO DI N)Vol. X, p. 1053 MOST PRECIOUS BLOOD OF OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST. — Feast having as its object the “Most Precious Blood” that Christ shed for the salvation of the human race (v.…
Mostar-Duvno, Diocese of(MOSTAR-DUVNO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 883 MOSTAR-DUVNO, DIOCESE of. — It has an area of 8,368 sq. km. and 165,000 faithful, who constitute an absolute majority in comparison with the Muslims and…
Mosul(MOSSUL)Vol. VIII, p. 883 MOSSUL. - City of ‘Irāq, which is the seat of the following ecclesiastical jurisdictions: 1) Patriarchal diocese of the patriarch of Babylon (v.) of the…
Mosè III SunetziVol. VIII, p. 882 MOSÈ III SUNETZI. – Katholikós of the Armenians (1628–33), commonly called Tathevatzi because he was educated in the monastery of Tathev. Eager for study and…
Motet(MOTTETTO)Vol. VIII, p. 885 MOTTETTO. – In its primary meaning, the term m. (motetus, moctetus) designates the vocal part superimposed on the tenor in medieval polyphony. It subsequently…
Mother Earth(TERRA MADRE)Vol. XI, p. 1209 TERRA MADRE. – The concept of T. M., that is, of the earth as the origin and mother of all things, is found widespread both among various primitive peoples and…
Mothers of the Abandoned(MADRI DEGLI ABBANDONATI)Vol. VII, p. 1072 MADRI DEGLI ABBANDONATI. — The Institute, under the patronage of St. Joseph de la Montana, was founded in 1881 at Valle di Abdalajs, in the diocese of Malaga,…
Mothon, Joseph-PierreVol. VIII, p. 884 MOTHON, JOSEPH-PIERRE. — Dominican canonist and historian, b. in Lyon on 4 June 1854, d. at St-Jean de Bournay on 4 April 1929. Having entered the Dominican…
Motion(MOTO)Vol. VIII, p. 884 MOTION. — M. in general, or change, is the passage from one mode of being to another: in this sense everything moves, except God, pure act. The Eleatic school…
Mottola (Mutyla, Motula)Vol. VIII, p. 885 MOTTOLA (MUTYLA, MOTULA). – An ancient suffragan diocese of Taranto, in the province of Lecce. After the ancient city of Mateola fell into ruin, the new city…
Motu ProprioVol. VIII, p. 886 « MOTU PROPRIO ». — In general, this indicates a document relating to a concession made by a sovereign on his own initiative, whether real or fictitious,…
Moukden, Archdiocese of(MOUKDEN, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 886 MOUKDEN, ARCHDIOCESE of. – Situated in the southwestern part of Manchuria, it consists of nine civil prefectures, namely: Si-an, Tungfen, Sifeng, Kayuan,…
Moulins, Diocese of(MOULINS, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 886 MOULINS, DIOCESE of. — Diocese and prefectural see of the department of Allier, the ancient capital of Bourbonnais. It extends over 7,381 sq. km. with a…
Moundou, Apostolic Prefecture of(MOUNDOU, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. VIII, p. 887 MOUNDOU, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. - In Central Africa. On 9 Jan. 1947 the apostolic prefecture of Fort Lamy (v.) was erected, entrusted to the Jesuits, and the…
Mounier, EmmanuelVol. VIII, p. 887 MOUNIER, EMMANUEL. – Philosopher, born in Grenoble on 1 April 1905, died in Paris on 22 March 1950. He abandoned his early medical studies to devote himself to…
Mount Athos(ATHOS MONTE TAV)Vol. II, p. 193 ATHOS MONTE TAV. XXV (from H. Brockhaus, Die Kunst in den Athos-Klostern) Top: MENOLOGY No. 5 of the Monastery of Dochiariu (12th cent.). Entries for Nov. 14.…
Mount Carmel(CARMELO)Vol. III, p. 532 CARMELO. — Chain of hills (Heb. karmel, “orchard,” “garden”; Arab. Gebel Karmel or Gebel Mär Eljas”), predominantly limestone in formation, which, branching…
Mount Ebal(EBAL, MONTE)Vol. V, p. 27 EBAL, MONTE: v. HEBAL.
Mount of Beatitudes(BEATITUDINI, MONTE DELLE)Vol. II, p. 646 BEATITUDINI, MONTE delle. — Place where Jesus pronounced the Sermon on the Mount (Mt. 5–7) and elected the Twelve to the apostolate. According to the Gospel…
Mount Olivet(OLIVI, MONTE DEGLI)Vol. IX, p. 91 OLIVI, MONTE degli. — Hill to the east of Jerusalem, called in the Bible har haz-Zethim (Zach. 14, 4), τὸ ὄρος τῶν ἐλαιῶν, mons Olivarum (Mt. 21, 1), τὸ ὄρος…
Mount Scandal(SCANDALO, MONTE DELLO)Vol. XI, p. 33 SCANDALO, MONTE. — Name given by the Christian toponymy of Jerusalem to the hill east of the city, beyond the Cedron, south of Monte Oliveto, of which it is an…
Movement of University Graduates of Catholic Action(MOVIMENTO LAUREATI DI AZIONE CATTOLICA)Vol. VIII, p. 888 MOVIMENTO LAUREATI DI AZIONE CATTOLICA. – It is one of the “national associations” of which Italian Catholic Action is composed (v.). I. ORGANIZATION. – The…
MoyobambaVol. VIII, p. 889 MOYOBAMBA. - City and prelature nullius in the department of S. Martin in Peru. The prelature borders to the north on the apostolic vicariate of S. Gabriele…
Moyé, Jean-Martin, Venerable(MOYÉ, JEAN-MARTIN, VENERABILE)Vol. VIII, p. 889 MOYÉ, JEAN-MARTIN, venerable. — Apostolic missionary, founder of the Sisters of Providence in Lorraine and of the “Christian Virgins” who taught in China, born…
Mozambique(MOZAMBICO)Vol. VIII, p. 889 MOZAMBICO. – Portuguese colony in southern Africa (also called Portuguese East Africa), enclosed between the territories of Tanganyika, Niassa, Rhodesia, and…
Mozarabic Rite(MOZARABICA, LITURGIA)Vol. VIII, p. 890 MOZARABICA, LITURGIA. — Liturgy officially used in Spain until the second half of the 11th century, when the Roman liturgy prevailed, but preserved in the…
Mozart, Wolfgang AmadeusVol. VIII, p. 894 MOZART, WOLFGANG AMADEUS. — Musician, born in Salisburgo on 27 January 1756, died in Vienna on 5 December 1791. Of absolutely exceptional precocity, he was…
MozzettaVol. VIII, p. 895 MOZZETTA. — An outer garment worn by ecclesiastical dignitaries outside liturgical functions; it is a little cape that covers the shoulders and a considerable…
Mozzi, LuigiVol. VIII, p. 895 MOZZI, LUIGI. – Jesuit theologian, born in Bergamo on 26 May 1747, died at Oreno (Milan) on 2 July 1815. Forced to leave the Society in 1773, even before being…
Muhammad(MAOMETTO)Vol. VII, p. 1184 MAOMETTO. — Founder of Islām, born at Mecca in an uncertain year, between A.D. 570 and 580, into the distinguished, though no longer wealthy and powerful,…
Muis, Siméon Marotte deVol. VIII, p. 896 MUIS, SIMÉON MAROTTE de. - Hebraist, b. at Orléans in 1587, d. at Paris in 1644. Archdeacon of Soissons, he held the chair of Hebrew at the «Collège de France»…
Mukachevo (Munkács), Diocese of(MUCAČEVO (MUNKÁCS), DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 895 MUCAČEVO (MUNKÁCS), DIOCESE of. - Ruthenian-Greek (Catholic), located in Hungary, passing in 1920 to Czechoslovakia and in 1945 to Soviet Russia. The first…
Mullingar, Diocese of(MULLINGAR, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 897 MULLINGAR, DIOCESI di: v. MEATH, DIOCESI di.
MultaVol. VIII, p. 897 MULTA. – Among the various penalties common to the CIC and the Italian Penal Code, the fine still exists today. It may be defined, at least in general terms,…
Multa PraeclareVol. VIII, p. 898 «MULTA PRAECLARE». – Brief of Gregory XVI, dated 24 April 1838, concerning the dioceses of the Portuguese Patronage in India. The expulsion of the Jesuits from…
Multan, Diocese of(MULTAN, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 898 MULTAN, DIOCESE OF. — The mission of M. owes its origin to the Capuchin missionaries, who during and after the British occupation of the Punjab founded several…
MultatuliVol. VIII, p. 898 MULTATULI. - Pseudonym of Eduard Douwes Dekker, writer, b. in Amsterdam on March 2, 1820, d. in Nieder-Inghelheim on Feb. 19, 1887. A brilliant prose writer…
Multiplication of Penalties(MOLTIPLICAZIONE DI PENE)Vol. VIII, p. 744 MOLTIPLICAZIONE DI PENE : v. CONCORSO di REATI e di PENE.
Multiplication of the Loaves(MOLTIPLICAZIONE DEI PANI)Vol. VIII, p. 743 MOLTIPLICAZIONE DEI PANI. - The depiction of the miracle of the multiplication of the loaves and fishes recounted by the four Evangelists (Mt. 14, 13-21; Mc.…
Multscher, HansVol. VIII, p. 899 MULTSCHER, HANS. - Sculptor and painter, born shortly before 1400 at Reichenhofen in the Allgäu, died in the first months of 1467 at Ulm. Having moved to the…
Mun, Albert deVol. VIII, p. 899 MUN, ALBERT de. — Social organizer and politician, b. at Lumigny on 23 Feb. 1841, d. at Bordeaux on 6 Oct. 1914. Taken prisoner during the Franco-Prussian War…
Munari, PellegrinoVol. VIII, p. 899 MUNARI, PELLEGRINO. — Painter, born at Modena ca. 1465 and died there, murdered in a brawl, in December 1523. In 1509 he painted in his native city an…
Muncunill y Parellada, JuanVol. VIII, p. 900 MUNCUNILL Y PARELLADA, JUAN. — Jesuit and theologian, born at Fals (Barcelona) on 10 September 1848, died at Barcelona on 23 January 1928. He entered the…
MundusVol. VIII, p. 900 MUNDUS. - By this term there was designated at Rome a small pit, dug on the Palatine, with a vaulted ceiling “in likeness of the world above us” (Cato, in…
Munich (München) and Freising, Archdiocese of(MONACO (MÜNCHEN) E FRISINGA (FREISING), ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 760 MONACO (MUNICH) and FREISING, ARCHDIOCESE OF. — In Bavaria, covering an area of 11,972 sq km; it has 2,057,220 inhabitants, of whom 1,744,574 are Catholic. It…
Munichie (Μουηχία)Vol. VIII, p. 900 MUNICHIE (Μουηχία). — Festivals celebrated in Attica on the 16th of Munichion in honor of Artemis Munichia, on the peninsula of the same name at Piraeus. They…
Munificentissimus DeusVol. VIII, p. 900 « MUNIFICENTISSIMUS DEUS ». - Opening words of the apostolic constitution with which Pius XII defined (1 Nov. 1950) the dogma of the bodily Assumption of the…
Muntz, Eugène(MÜNTZ, EUGÈNE)Vol. VIII, p. 902 MÜNTZ, EUGÈNE. — Archaeologist and art historian, born on 11 June 1845 at Soultz-sous-Förets near Strasbourg, died on 30 October 1902 in Paris. He was a member…
Murano, School of Art of(MURANO, SCUOLA ARTISTICA DI)Vol. VIII, p. 903 MURANO, ARTISTIC SCHOOL of. — M., during the course of the fifteenth century, gave birth to a considerable number of artists who, without forming a school of…
Muratori, Ludovico AntonioVol. VIII, p. 906 MURATORI, LUDOVICO ANTONIO — Autograph reply to the letter of the anonymous Florentine concerning the edition of the Cronache del Villani, published by…
Muratorian Canon(CANONE MURATORIANO)Vol. III, p. 343 CANONE MURATORIANO: v. MURATORIANO, CANONE.
Muratorian Canon(MURATORIANO, CANONE)Vol. VIII, p. 906 MURATORIANO, CANONE. – A fragment discovered by L. A. Muratori in an eighth-century Latin codex from Bobbio, preserved in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana of Milan (I…
Muravev, Andrei Nikolaevich(MURAVEV, ANDREA NICOLAEVIĆ)Vol. VIII, p. 907 MURAVEV, ANDREA NICOLAEVIĆ. - Russian writer and theologian, b. in 1806, d. in 1874. The account of his pilgrimage to the Holy Land (St Petersburg, 1832) drew…
Murcia, Diocese of(MURCIA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 907 MURCIA, DIOCESI di: v. CARTAGENA, DIOCESI di.
Murialdo, Leonardo, Servant of God(MURIALDO, LEONARDO, SERVO DI DIO)Vol. VIII, p. 907 MURIALDO, LEONARDO, Servant of God. — Founder of the Pious Turin Society of S. Giuseppe (Giuseppini), b. in Turin on 26 October 1828, d. there on 30 May 1900.…
Murillo, Bartolomé EstebanVol. VIII, p. 907 MURILLO, BARTOLOMÉ ESTEBAN. — Painter, born in Seville on 31 December 1617, died there on 3 April 1682. His father, Gaspare Esteban, was also a painter; but…
Muris, Johannes deVol. VIII, p. 908 MURIS, JOHANNES de. - Astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, and music theorist, born in Normandy before 1300 and died in 1351. He was at the Sorbonne in…
Murmellius, JohannesVol. VIII, p. 908 MURMELLIUS, JOHANNES. - Dutch humanist, b. at Roermond in 1480, d. in Oct. 1517. Around 1493 he was at the school of the Brethren of the Common Life in…
Murner, ThomasVol. VIII, p. 908 MURNER, THOMAS. – Theologian and anti-Lutheran polemicist, of the Friars Minor Conventual, b. at Oberchnheim (Obernai), in Alsace, on 24 December 1475, d.…
Muro Lucano, Diocese of(MURO LUCANO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 909 MURO LUCANO, DIOCESE of. — Town and diocese in the province of Potenza. Over an area of 510.38 sq. km., it has a population of 35,000 inhabitants, all…
Murri, RomoloVol. VIII, p. 909 MURRI, ROMOLO. — Priest and sociologist, b. at Montesampietrangeli (province of Ascoli Piceno, diocese of Fermo) on 27 Aug. 1870, d. at Rome on 12 March 1944.…
Museum and Museology(MUSEO E MUSEOLOGIA)Vol. VIII, p. 914 MUSEUM and MUSEOLOGY. — The term museum denotes a collection of works of art or of objects from a particular historical period and milieu, or scientific…
Museum of Marseille(MUSEO DI MARSIGLIA)Vol. VIII, p. 914 MUSEO OF MARSEILLES. — According to Gennadius (De vir. ill., 79), he wrote a Lectionary (« excerptit ex S. Scripturis lectionum totius anni festivis apta…
Music(MUSICA)Vol. VIII, p. 915 MUSIC. - The philosophical concept of music, which among the ancients had a predominantly ethical character and among moderns falls within the vast framework…
Musical Confraternities(CONFRATERNITE MUSICALI)Vol. IV, p. 170 MUSICAL CONFRATERNITIES. – Associations of music enthusiasts and professionals (teachers, singers, organists and organ builders, instrumentalists and…
Musical Instruments(STRUMENTI MUSICALI)Vol. XI, p. 875 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. - I. IN THE OLD TESTAMENT. Among the Hebrews, music was practiced chiefly in religious manifestations by the priestly class, in the Temple…
Musical Notation(NOTAZIONE MUSICALE)Vol. VIII, p. 1144 NOTAZIONE MUSICALE : v. PALEOGRAFIA. NOTE DELLA CHIESA : v. CHIESA.
Musical Paleography(PALEOGRAFIA MUSICALE)Vol. IX, p. 366 MUSICAL PALEOGRAPHY. - It is the science of ancient notations, of the systems used to translate music into the visual field. In the broadest sense, its subject…
Musil, AloisVol. VIII, p. 927 MUSIL, ALOIS. – Czech Orientalist and explorer, born at Rychtárov (Moravia) on 30 June 1868, died at Otryby on 12 April 1946. Ordained a priest at Olomouc in…
Musitano, CarloVol. VIII, p. 927 MUSITANO, CARLO. – Priest and physician, born at Castrovillari on 6 January 1635, died at Naples in 1714. He studied literature, philosophy, and theology at…
Muslim Art(MUSULMANA, ARTE)Vol. VIII, p. 931 MUSULMANA, ARTE. — As the Arabs extended their religious and political occupation over the territories of North Africa and the Middle East, they appropriated…
Musoma, Apostolic Prefecture of(MUSOMA, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. VIII, p. 927 MUSOMA, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. - It is situated in the north-western part of the territory of Tanganyika, on the south-eastern shore of Lake Victoria; it is…
MuspilliVol. VIII, p. 927 MUSPILLI. — Title of a poetic fragment of 105 alliterative verses, in the Bavarian dialect of the 9th century, originating from the monastery of S. Emmerano in…
Mussato, AlbertinoVol. VIII, p. 928 MUSSATO, ALBERTINO. - Man of letters, born in Padova in 1261, probably to Alberto Mussio; died at Chioggia on 31 May 1329. He was a skilful diplomat, a…
Musset, Alfred deVol. VIII, p. 928 MUSSET, ALFRED de. — French Romantic poet, born on 11 December 1810 in Paris, where he died on 1 May 1857. He identified the ideal of life and poetry with love…
Mussini, Augusto, Fra' PaoloVol. VIII, p. 928 MUSSINI, AUGUSTO, FRA' PAOLO. - Painter, born at Reggio Emilia on 20 January 1870, died at Rome on 1 November 1918. Having soon become known as the author of…
Mussini, LuigiVol. VIII, p. 928 MUSSINI, LUIGI. – Painter, born in Berlin on 19 December 1813, died in Siena on 18 June 1888. A pupil of Bezzuoli at the Florentine Academy, he took part in…
Musso, CornelioVol. VIII, p. 928 MUSSO, CORNELIO. — Preacher and theologian of the Conventual Friars Minor, born in Piacenza on 16 April 1511, died in Rome on 9 January 1574. He was preacher…
Mussolini, BenitoVol. VIII, p. 929 MUSSOLINI, BENITO. — Italian political figure, “duce of fascism,” born at Predappio (Forlì) on 29 July 1883, killed at Giulino di Mezzegra (Como) on 28 April…
Mustafà, DomenicoVol. VIII, p. 930 MUSTAFÀ, DOMENICO. - Musician, born at Sellano (Foligno) on 16 April 1829, died at Montefalco on 14 March 1912. Endowed with a fine soprano voice, in 1848 he…
Mustiola, Saint, Martyr(MUSTIOLA, SANTA, MARTIRE)Vol. VIII, p. 931 MUSTIOLA, saint, martyr. - She is commemorated in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum on 23 November, whereas in the Roman Martyrology, in agreement with the…
Mutation(MUTAZIONE)Vol. VIII, p. 932 MUTATION. — This term commonly denotes the abrupt appearance of a new hereditary character, and it was introduced in this sense by the botanist De Vries. Today…
Mutel, Gustave-Charles-MarieVol. VIII, p. 933 MUTEL, GUSTAVE-CHARLES-MARIE. — Born on 8 March 1854 at Blumeray, in the diocese of Langres, and died at Seoul on 23 January 1933. On 11 October 1873 he…
Mutilation(MUTILAZIONE)Vol. VIII, p. 933 MUTILATION. – By m. is understood the cutting off or removal (here also any equivalent action, e.g., complete and total atrophy) by which an organ properly so…
Mutual Teaching(MUTUO INSEGNAMENTO)Vol. VIII, p. 935 MUTUO INSEGNAMENTO. — A teaching method consisting in reciprocal instruction, whereby the more advanced pupils act as teachers and guides to their less…
Mutuality(MUTUALITÀ)Vol. VIII, p. 934 MUTUALITÀ. — The concept of m. is closely connected with those of social provision and insurance. By m. is in fact understood, in the technical sense, the…
MutuoVol. VIII, p. 934 MUTUO. — It is the contract by which one party (the lender) delivers to the other (the borrower) a specified quantity of money or other fungible things, and…
Muzalon, Theodore(MUZALON, TEODORO)Vol. VIII, p. 936 MUZALON, TEODORO. - Byzantine statesman, orator, and writer of the thirteenth century (d. 1295). He rapidly succeeded in gaining the confidence of the emperors…
Muzio, GirolamoVol. VIII, p. 936 MUZIO, GIROLAMO. — A man of letters and polemicist, who proclaimed himself Giustinopolitan after his place of origin (Capodistria), b. in Padua on 12 March…
Muzzarelli, AlfonsoVol. VIII, p. 936 MUZZARELLI, ALFONSO. - Jesuit, theologian, and writer, born at Ferrara on 22 Aug. 1749, died at Paris on 25 May 1813. Having entered the Society of Jesus in…
Muzzarelli, Carlo Emanuele dei ContiVol. VIII, p. 937 MUZZARELLI, CARLO EMANUELE dei conti. — A man of letters and politician, born in Bologna to a noble Ferrarese family on 3 April 1797, died on 10 April 1856. At…
Mwanza, Vicariate Apostolic of(MWANZA, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. VIII, p. 937 MWANZA, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. — It is situated in the northern part of the territory of Tanganyika, south of Lake Victoria; it comprises the districts of M.…
Myrrh (Heb. Môr; LXX Αὐωρία; Lat. Myrrha)(MIRRA (EBR. MÔR; SETTANTA ΑΥΏΡΙΑ, LAT. MYRRHA))Vol. VIII, p. 652 MYRRH (Heb. môr; Septuagint αυώρια, Lat. myrrha). — A kind of fragrant gum. It exudes spontaneously or through incisions, in liquid form, from a plant of the…
Mysore, Diocese of(MYSORE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 937 MYSORE, DIOCESI. — Suffragan of Pondicherry and entrusted to the Society for the Foreign Missions of Paris. The first missionaries in the region were the…
Mysteries (Τὰ Μυστήρια)(MISTERI (ΤᾺ ΜΥΣΤΉΡΙΑ))Vol. VIII, p. 681 MISTERI (Τὰ μυστήρια). — From the Greek μύειν = to close (the eyes or mouth), hence μυεῖν = to initiate (into secret cults) and μύστης = initiated. M. is the…
Mysteries of Andania(ANDANIA, MISTERI DI)Vol. I, p. 723 ANDANIA, MISTERI di. – The existence of mysteries celebrated at Andania, a small city in northern Messenia, is attested by various passages of Pausanias and by…
Mystery(MISTERO)Vol. VIII, p. 682 MYSTERY. — In current Catholic teaching, a truth revealed by God is called a mystery, one that the human intellect cannot discover by its own powers alone and…
Mystic Chest(CISTA MISTICA)Vol. III, p. 1009 CISTA MISTICA. — A container of interwoven wicker in the shape of a cylindrical box, with a lid. Originally it was not a cultic object; only in Demosthenes and…
Mystical Body(CORPO MISTICO)Vol. IV, p. 346 CORPO MISTICO. – The doctrine of the mystical body constitutes one of the central points, if not indeed the central point, of Christianity. It is found in…
Mystici CorporisVol. VIII, p. 938 « MYSTICI CORPORIS ». – Initial words of the encyclical of Pius XII, dated 29 June 1943 (AAS, 36 [1943], pp. 193–248), in which the doctrine of the Mystical…
Mysticism(MISTICA)Vol. VIII, p. 684 MISTICA. – A term that today generally designates either the state of mind of one who immerses himself in spiritual reality through religious contemplation…
Mysticism(MISTICISMO)Vol. VIII, p. 688 MYSTICISM. — By this name, derived from «mistica», a term proper to the mysteries (v.), are designated those philosophical-religious currents which place the…
Myth and Mythology(MITO E MITOLOGIA)Vol. VIII, p. 691 MYTH AND MYTHOLOGY. – Myth (Gr. μύθος, from the verb μύθειο, “I speak, converse, narrate”) is the narration of events belonging to the divine, heroic, and…
Márquez, JuanVol. VIII, p. 138 MÁRQUEZ, JUAN. - Ascetical writer and Augustinian theologian, b. in Madrid in 1565, d. in Salamanca in 1621. He took religious vows on 9 July 1581, studied at…
Mâcon, Diocese of(MACON, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 1063 MACON, DIOCESI di: v. AUTUN, DIOCESI di.
Ménard, Nicolas-HuguesVol. VIII, p. 407 MÉNARD, NICOLAS-HUGUES. — Historian and liturgist, b. in Paris in 1585, d. there on 20 January 1644. He professed the Rule of St Benedict at S. Dionigi in…
Méraul de Bizy, Athanase-René(MÉRAULT DE BIZY, ATHANASE-RENÉ)Vol. VIII, p. 429 MÉRAULT DE BIZY, ATHANASE-RENÉ. - Apologist, b. in Paris in 1744 and d. in Orléans on 13 June 1835. Superior of the Oratory in Paris, in 1793, having refused…
Mérida(MĚRIDA)Vol. VIII, p. 436 MĚRIDA. – This is the ancient colony of Emerita Augusta, a Spanish city situated in the province of Badajoz, on the right bank of the Guadiana. In the Roman…
Mérida, Archdiocese of(MÉRIDA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 437 MÉRIDA, ARCHDIOCESE of. — Archdiocese and capital of the Venezuelan state of the same name (South America), situated in the northwestern part of the state. It…
Mérida, Diocese of(MÉRIDA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 437 MÉRIDA, DIOCESI di: v. YUCATAN, DIOCESI di.
Möhler, Johann AdamVol. VIII, p. 728 MÖHLER, JOHANN ADAM. – Theologian, born on 6 May 1796 in Igersheim (Württemberg), died on 12 April 1838 in Munich. Having completed his secondary studies at…
Möhler, Ludwig(MOHLER, LUDWIG)Vol. VIII, p. 728 MOHLER, LUDWIG. - Catholic historian, b. 16 July 1883 at Mannheim, d. 25 Dec. 1943 at Freiburg im Br. Ordained a priest, from 1910 he devoted himself to…
Möngke Khan(MÄNGÜ KHAN)Vol. VII, p. 1159 MÄNGÜ KHAN. - Emperor of the Tartars from 1251 to 1256. After the death of Güyük in 1248, the Tartar princes elected M. great khan (hān) in 1521; he continued…
Möser, JustusVol. VIII, p. 882 MÖSER, JUSTUS. — Publicist and historian, born in Osnabrück on 14 December 1720, died there on 8 January 1794. A lawyer, he took part in the public life of his…
Mühlbacher, EngelbertVol. VIII, p. 896 MÜHLBACHER, ENGELBERT. - Austrian historian, b. 4 Oct. 1843 at Gresten (Austria), d. 17 July 1903 at Vienna. In 1862 he entered the abbey of S. Floriano, to…
Müllener, JohannVol. VIII, p. 896 MÜLLENER, JOHANN. — Missionary, born in Bremen (Germany) on 4 October 1673, died in Szechwan on 17 December 1742. He studied in Rome as a student of Propaganda…
Müller, Ernst MariaVol. VIII, p. 896 MÜLLER, ERNST MARIA. - Moral theologian, b. at Irritz (southern Moravia) on 30 Feb. 1822, d. at Linz on 28 Sept. 1888. A priest, in 1846 he became professor of…
Müller, Friedrich Maximilian (Max Müller)Vol. VIII, p. 896 MÜLLER, FRIEDRICH MAXIMILIAN (MAX MÜLLER). – Philologist and mythologist, born in Dessau on 6 December 1823, professor at Oxford, where he died on 28 October…
Müller, JohannesVol. VIII, p. 897 MÜLLER, JOHANNES. - Historian, b. at Schaffhausen on 3 Jan. 1752, d. at Kassel on 11 May 1809. He was among the first historians who, overcoming Enlightenment…
Münster, Diocese of(MÜNSTER, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 901 MÜNSTER, DIOCESI di. — City and diocese in Westphalia (Germany). The diocese has an area of 15,128 sq. km., with 3,606,669 inhabitants, of whom 2,075,795 are…
Münster, SebastianVol. VIII, p. 902 MÜNSTER, SEBASTIAN. — Geographer, cosmographer, and Orientalist, born at Nieder-Ingelheim in 1489, died at Basel on 26 May 1552. In 1505 he donned the…
Māʾēl(MĂŠĂL)Vol. VIII, p. 186 MĂŠĂL. - Termine, usato 39 volte nella Bibbia, dal significato originario di « paragone » (cf. l'assiro e altre lingue semitiche: D. Buzy [v. bibl.], p. 60…
Mēghillath Ta'Ānīth (« Scroll of the Fasts »)(MĒGHILLATH TA'ĀNĪTH (« ROTOLO DEI DIGIUNI »))Vol. VIII, p. 380 MĒGHILLATH TA'ĀNĪTH (“scroll of fasts”). — List of 35 days of the year on which it was forbidden to fast and to deliver funeral speeches, because they were…
Mēghillôth, Hāmēš (« Five Scrolls »)(MĒGHILLÔTH, HĀMĒŠ (« CINQUE ROTOLI »))Vol. VIII, p. 380 MĒGHILLÔTH, HĀMĒŠ (“five scrolls”). - A designation that arose about the time of St. Jerome, derived from synagogue liturgy, to indicate the “five books” of…
