C
2,386 articles · 341 under Ch · English index · Indice italiano-
Chabot, Jean-Baptiste
French priest, celebrated orientalist, b. at Vouvray (Indre-et-Loire) on 16 Feb. 1865, d. at Paris on 7 Jan. 1948. He completed his studies at the seminary of… -
Chabul
CHABUL: v. CABUL. -
Chachapoyas, Diocese of (CHACHAPOYAS, DIOCESI DI)
In the republic of Peru, department of Amazonas, suffragan of Trujillo. Erected by Pius VII on 28 May 1805 under the name of Mynas, it received its present… -
Chaco, Apostolic Vicariate of (CHACO, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)
In Bolivia: the evangelization of the region was begun in the 16th century by the Carmelites, who in the 17th century were followed also by the Jesuits and the… -
Chacón (Ciacconius), Alonso
Born at Baeza (Granada) in 1540, died at Rome on 15 February 1599. He entered the Order of Friars Preachers and was prior of the convent of St. Thomas in… -
Chaco Paraguayan, Apostolic Vicariate of (CHACO PARAGUAYANO, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)
It comprises the territory of the northern Chaco annexed to Paraguay by the Treaty of Buenos Aires of 1938. In the past it belonged, ecclesiastically, partly… -
Chaignon, Pierre
French Jesuit, b. 22 Oct. 1791, entered the Society of Jesus in 1819 and d. at the age of 92 at Angers in 1883. He devoted almost his entire life to parish… -
Chains of Saint Peter (CATENE DI S. PIETRO)
Those preserved in Rome in the basilica of St. Peter in Chains as relics of the Apostle's imprisonment. The church was entirely rebuilt by Sixtus III (432-40)… -
Chair of Saint Peter, Feast of the (CATTEDRA DI SAN PIETRO, FESTA DELLA)
It is not a question of the chair or material see, but of the magisterium of St. Peter. Here "chair" is a synonym of sedes. The sentence of St. Cyprian is… -
Chaize, Francesco de la
CHAIZE, FRANCESCO de la : v. LA CHAISE, FRANÇOIS d'AIX de. -
Chalanne (CHALANNE)
In Gen. 10:10 it is the fourth city of the southern tetrapolis of Mesopotamia, which constituted the kingdom of Shinar (Šin'ār), founded by Nimrod. According… -
Chalcedon (CALCEDONIA)
Today Kadıköy, founded by the Megarians in the 7th century B.C., it lies on the coast of Bithynia opposite Byzantium. In 74 B.C. it passed to the Romans but… -
Chalcis (CALCIDE)
Center of a kingdom already existing in the 14th century B.C. in upper Syria, as appears from the letters of Tell el-Amarna. In the time, then, of Saul and… -
Chaldea (CALDEA)
Hebrew: Kašdim, 'ères Kašdim; Septuagint: Χαλδαίοι, Χαλδαία; Vulgate: Chaldei and terra Chaldaeorum; in cuneiform texts: Kasdu and later Kaldu. Geographically… -
Chaldean Antonian Monks of Saint Ormizd (ANTONIANI CALDEI DI SANT' ORMISDA)
In Mesopotamia and Persia monasticism, once very flourishing, had completely disappeared by the end of the 18th century. Gabriel Danbù (1784-1832), a native of… -
Chaldeans (CALDEI)
This is the name given, from the region of ancient Chaldea where they dwell, to the Syrian Catholics converted from Nestorianism. The first union was effected… -
Chalice (CALICE)
It is that one, among the sacred vessels, in which the eucharistic wine is consecrated during the Mass. I. ARCHAEOLOGY. - Just as the first places of worship… -
Challant
A powerful and illustrious feudal family of the Aosta Valley, which probably traces its origin to the marquises of Montferrat (11th century); it received from… -
Challonier, Richard
Heroic apostle, brilliant apologist and English ascetical writer, b. at Lewes in Sussex on 29 Sept. 1691, d. on 10 Jan. 1781. The son of Protestants, he… -
Chalmers, Thomas
Theologian and economist, b. at Anstruther (Fife) in Scotland in 1780, d. in 1847. He did his studies at the University of St. Andrews, but struggled greatly… -
Chalmers, William
Scottish theologian, a Jesuit and later an Oratorian, called Camerarius, b. at Aberdeen in the 16th century and d. at Paris in 1678. He studied at Rome in the… -
Châlons-sur-Marne [Châlons-en-Champagne], Diocese of (CHÂLONS-SUR-MARNE, DIOCESI DI)
City and department of the Marne, in Champagne, suffragan of Reims. Formed by a vast plain watered by the Marne, the region of C. has been crossed several… -
Chalon-sur-Saône, Diocese of (CHALON-SUR-SAÔNE, DIOCESI DI)
CHALON-SUR-SAÔNE, DIOCESI di: v. AUTUN, DIOCESI di. -
Chamberlain, Houston Stewart
Philosopher and musicologist, b. at Portsmouth on Sept. 2, 1855, d. at Bayreuth on Jan. 9, 1927. He studied science, philosophy and music at Geneva, Dresden… -
Chambéry, Archdiocese of (CHAMBÉRY, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
In the department of Savoy (France). It was erected at the request of King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia by Pius VI in 1779 with part of the territory until… -
Chambon, Marie-Marthe
Born at La Croix-Rouge on 6 March 1841, died at Chambéry on 21 March 1907. A daughter of the countryside, she entered in 1864 the monastery of the Visitation… -
Chambord, Henri-Charles-Ferdinand-Marie-Dieudonné d'Artois, Duke of Bordeaux, Count of (CHAMBORD, HENRI-CHARLES-FERDINAND-MARIE-DIEUDONNÉ D'ARTOIS, DUCA DI BORDEAUX, CONTE DI)
Head of the senior branch of the House of Bourbon and pretender to the throne of France, b. in Paris on 29 Sept. 1820, d. at Frohsdorf on 24 Aug. 1883. His… -
Chameunia (χαμευνία) (CHAMÉUNIA (ΧΑΜΕΝΊΑ))
A penance familiar to Christian ascetics, consisting in sleeping on the bare ground (from χαμαι "on the ground" and εὐνή "bed"). The Greek Fathers formed the… -
Chamforans, Synod of (CIANFORAN (CHAMFORANS), SINODO DI)
When, in the first half of the 16th century, the Protestant movement arose in Germany and Switzerland, the Waldensians (v.), who had already been separated… -
Chaminade, Guillaume-Joseph
Founder of the Society of Mary (Marianists) and of the institute of the Daughters of Mary, b. at Périgueux on 8 April 1761, d. at Bordeaux on 22 Jan. 1850.… -
Chamos (CHAMOS)
National and principal god of the Moabites (Judg. 11:24; 1 Kings 11:7, 33; 2 Kings 23:13), who were therefore called the "people of C." (Num. 21:29; Jer.… -
Champagnat, Marcelin, Venerable (CHAMPAGNAT, MARCELIN, VENERABILE)
Founder of the institute of the Little Brothers of Mary (v.), or Marist Brothers, b. at Marlhes (diocese of Lyon) on 20 May 1789, d. at the Hermitage near… -
Champion, Pierre
French Jesuit, b. at Avranches on 19 Oct. 1631, d. at Nantes on 28 June 1701. He is known for his biographical works on figures who were highly prominent for… -
Champlevé (CHAMPLEVE)
CHAMPLEVE: v. SMALTO. -
Champney, Anthony
Controversialist, b. in England in 1569 (?), d. there in 1643 (?). He completed his theological studies in Rome, was vice-rector of the English college of… -
Champollion, Jean-François, the Younger (CHAMPOLLION, JEAN-FRANÇOIS, IL GIOVANE)
Founder of modern Egyptology, b. at Figeac (Lot) on 23 Dec. 1790, d. at Paris on 4 March 1832. He studied Oriental languages in Paris (1807-1809), then (1816)… -
Chanaan and the Chanaanites (CANAAN E CANANEI,)
People who in ancient times inhabited Palestine. I. NAME - It is one of those by which the Old Testament designates the territory occupied by the Israelites.… -
Chancellery (CANCELLERIA)
It is the office in which "the acts of public authorities are drawn up" (C. Paoli) and in which the operations connected with that function are carried out.… -
Chancellery, Palace of the (CANCELLERIA, PALAZZO DELLA)
It is one of the largest and most significant Renaissance buildings in Rome. Construction was begun in 1485 by Cardinal Raffaele Riario on the site where the… -
Chancellor (CANCELLIERE)
A noun designating, in medieval diplomatics, the head of the chancery. It should be noted that it was the office that received its name from the official, and… -
Chanel, Pierre-Louis-Marie, Blessed (CHANEL, PIERRE-LOUIS-MARIE, BEATO)
Marist missionary, protomartyr of Oceania, b. at Cuet, diocese of Lyon, today of Belley, on 12 July 1803, and martyred on 28 Apr. 1841. After completing his… -
Changanacherry, Diocese of (CHANGANACHERRY, DIOCESI DI)
Bishopric for the Indian Catholics of the Syro-Malabar rite, established on 21 Dec. 1923, replacing an apostolic vicariate that had existed since July 1896. It… -
Changsha, Archdiocese of (CHANGSHA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
Mission entrusted to the Italian Franciscans in China in the province of Hunan. Its area is 22,820 sq. km.; the population slightly exceeds 5 million. In this… -
Changteh [Changde], Diocese of (CHANGTEH, DIOCESI DI)
It is located in China, in the civil province of Hunan. From 1879 to 1924 it was called the apostolic vicariate of Northern Hunan; by decree of 3 Dec. 1924 it… -
Chanon, Juan
Benedictine of Montserrat (not correctly called Chanones), b. at Mirepoix (southern France) in 1489, died a holy death at Montserrat on 8 June 1568. After a… -
Chanoux, Pietro, Italian Priest (CHANOUX, PIETRO, SACERDOTE ITALIANO)
CHANOUX, PIETRO, sacerdote italiano: v. BER- NARDO, archdeacon of AOSTA, saint (IV, Hospice of the Little St. Bernard). -
Chanson de Roland
This title, though others more or less suitable might be found for it, designates the oldest Chanson de geste known to us, and certainly one of the most… -
Chansons de Geste
Bertran de Bursur-Aube, an epic poet of the 13th century, proposed the division of the French "chansons de geste" into three groups: the geste of the king; the… -
Chant (CANTO)
I. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS. - Chant in the Church originally had the purpose of making public prayer more solemn: it is therefore eminently liturgical, since… -
Chant Accent (ACCENTO CANTORALE)
Under this heading are included: a) the elements that formed primitive musical notation; b) the signs used in the reading or simple chanting of liturgical… -
Chantal, Jeanne de, Saint (CHANTAL, GIOVANNA DI, SANTA)
CHANTAL, GIOVANNA di, santa: v. GIOVANNA FRANCESCA FREMIOT di CHANTAL, saint. -
Chantal, Jeanne Françoise Frémyot de, Saint (GIOVANNA FRANCESCA FRÉMYOT DE CHANTAL, SANTA)
B. at Dijon on 23 Jan. 1572, d. at Moulins on 13 Dec. 1641. Of noble birth, she married the baron de Chantal in Dec. 1592; she was left a widow with four… -
Chantepie de la Saussaye, Pierre-Daniel
Historian of religions, b. at Leeuwarden (Holland) on 9 April 1848, d. at Bilthoven on 20 April 1920. From 1878 to 1899 he was a professor at the University of… -
Chanthaburi, Apostolic Vicariate of (CHANTABURI, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)
The Christianity of C. (Siam) goes back to the early 18th century. The first Christians were Annamites from Cochinchina, who took refuge in the territory of… -
Chaos (CAOS)
A notion found in the cosmogonic process (v. COSMOGONY) of civilized and primitive peoples, and which intends to represent the elementary principle from which… -
Chaosien [Zhao County], Diocese of (CHAOSIEN, DIOCESI DI)
It is located in the southwestern part of the civil province of Hopeh > (from Ch. Samaran, La C. de R. Reproduction phototypique, Paris 1933) > CHANSON DE… -
Chaotung [Zhaotong], Apostolic Prefecture of (CHAOTUNG, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)
It is located in that north-eastern part of the civil province of Yunnan (China) which wedges between Szechwan and Kweichow. It was erected on 8 April 1935… -
Chapada
Nullius prelature of St. Anne, suffragan of Cuyabá in the State of Mato Grosso in Brazil. It was created on 13 July 1940 with the bull Quo Christi fidelium.… -
Chapeauville, Jean
Belgian theologian and historian, b. at Liège on 5 Jan. 1551, d. there on 5 May 1617. Ordained a priest, he was first a very zealous parish priest at Liège… -
Chapel (CAPPELLA)
It is a small sacred building, either free-standing or placed inside buildings of different purpose such as public and private palaces, castles, institutions… -
Chapel Choir (CAPPELLA MUSICALE)
A body of voices and sometimes also of instruments assigned to liturgical service at a court, a cathedral, a cardinal's household, and above all at the Pope's.… -
Chapel Composition (CAPPELLA, COMPOSIZIONE A)
In the period of the greatest splendor of polyphonic music, when the most notable centers of musical life were the chapels and the most celebrated among… -
Chapelle, Placide-Louis
Archbishop of New Orleans (U.S.A.), b. at Runes (France) on 28 Aug. 1842, d. at New Orleans on 9 Aug. 1905. A parish priest at Rockville, Baltimore and… -
Chaplain (CAPPELLANO)
In a generic sense the term is often used to indicate the priest to whom is entrusted the office of a chapel or oratory without care of souls. In a strict… -
Chaplaincy (CAPPELLANIA)
A c. consists in the obligation to provide for specific functions or acts of worship and in the corresponding right to receive the financial compensation… -
Chaplet (CORONA)
This is the name of a particular form of prayer, in which the Our Father and the Hail Mary are recited, repeated over, with the guidance of certain beads… -
Chapman, John Henry Palmer
English Benedictine historian and critic, b. at Ashfield (Suffolk) on 25 April 1865, d. in London on 7 Nov. 1933. Converted from Anglicanism (1890), not… -
Chappotin, Hélène
CHAPPOTIN, HÉLÈNE: v. MARIE DE LA PASSION. -
Chappuis, Jean
French canonist, who lived between the end of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th. Little is known about him; he received his licentiate in law at… -
Chappuis, Marie de Sales, Venerable (CHAPPUIS, MARIE DE SALES, VENERABILE)
Foundress and mystic, b. 16 June 1793 at Soghières (Swiss Jura, then annexed to France), d. 7 Oct. 1875 at Troyes. She studied in the Visitation monastery of… -
Chapt de Rastignac, Armand
Illustrious ecclesiastic, b. in 1726 in the castle of Lanion in Périgord and d. in Paris on Sept. 5, 1792. After graduating from the Sorbonne he was in the… -
Chapter (CAPITOLO)
From the Latin capitulum, a diminutive of caput, the term came to mean: 1) the various divisions of a book; 2) the passage of Holy Scripture that is chanted or… -
Character and Characterology (CARATTERE E CARATTERIOLOGIA)
According to P. Lersch, character can be defined as a complex of qualities and particular forms that reveal themselves persistently in the life of the… -
Charan
CHARAN: v. HARAN (HARRAN). -
Charcamis (CARCAMIS)
A very ancient city on the right bank of the Euphrates (Vulgate Charcamis, Assyrian inscriptions Gar-ga-miš, or Kar-ga-miš, Egyptian Quair-qamaša or… -
Charcamis
CHARCAMIS: v. CARCAMIS. -
Charcas
CHARCAS: v. SUCRE. -
Chardon, Louis
B. at Clermont (Oise) in 1595, d. at Paris on 17 Aug. 1651, Dominican mystical writer, much sought-after director and prolific writer, has been placed by… -
Chardon, Mathias-Charles
Benedictine theologian of the Congregation of St-Vanne of Verdun, b. at Yvoi-Carignan (Ardennes) on 22 Sept. 1695 and d. in the abbey of St. Arnold at Metz on… -
Charette de la Contrie, Atanase de (CHARETTE DE LA CONTRIE, ATTIANASE DE)
Pontifical and French officer, b. at Nantes on 18 May 1832, of a baronial family related to the Count of Chambord, d. at the château of Basse Motte on 8 Nov.… -
Chargé d'Affaires (INCARICATO DI AFFARI)
INCARICATO DI AFFARI: v. AGENTE DIPLOMATICO. -
Charisms (CARISMI)
The word c. (χάρισμα) occurs 16 times in the letters of Paul and once in 1 Pt. (4:10). Sometimes it has the generic meaning of a gracious gift, and can thus be… -
Charitable Aid (SUSSIDIO CARITATIVO)
It is a tax that, in accordance with can. 1505, the local Ordinary may, if a special necessity of the diocese requires it, impose as a charitable contribution… -
Charity (CARITÀ)
The third of the three theological virtues. SUMMARY: I. Theology of c. - II. History of c. - III. Iconography of c. I. THEOLOGY OF CHARITY. SUMMARY: I. Nature… -
Charlemagne, King of the Franks and the Lombards, Emperor (CARLOMAGNO, RE DEI FRANCHI E DEI LONGO-BARDI, IMPERATORE)
SUMMARY: I. Birth and early years. - II. Conquests in Italy. - III. Conquests outside Italy. - IV. Schools and culture. - V. Relations with the Church. - VI.… -
Charles Albert, King of Sardinia (CARLO ALBERTO, RE DI SARDEGNA)
B. Oct. 2, 1798 in Turin, d. July 28, 1849 in Oporto. Son of Charles Emmanuel, prince of Carignano, of the cadet branch of Savoy, he lost his father at the age… -
Charles Borromeo, Saint (CARLO BORROMEO, SANTO)
Cardinal, archbishop of Milan, b. in the Borromeo castle of Arona on 2 Oct. 1538, second-born son of Count Gilberto Borromeo and of Margherita de' Medici… -
Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy (CARLO EMANUELE I, DUCA DI SAVOIA)
Son of Emmanuel Philibert, the restorer of the Savoyard state, and of Margaret of Valois, he was born at Rivoli on 12 January 1562 and came to power on the… -
Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy (CARLO EMANUELE II, DUCA DI SAVOIA)
Born on June 20, 1634 to Victor Amadeus I of Savoy and Christine of Bourbon. He was duke from Oct. 14, 1638, but only nominally, because he effectively… -
Charles Emmanuel III of Savoy, King of Sardinia (CARLO EMANUELE III DI SAVOIA, RE DI SARDEGNA)
B. 27 April 1701 in Turin, d. there 20 February 1773. Second son of Victor Amadeus II, little cared for at first by his father, when he became heir to the… -
Charles Emmanuel IV of Savoy, King of Sardinia (CARLO EMANUELE IV DI SAVOIA, RE DI SARDEGNA)
Born May 24, 1751 in Turin, died Oct. 5, 1819 in Rome. He was the son of Victor Amadeus III and of Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain and was king from Oct.… -
Charles Felix, King of Sardinia (CARLO FELICE, RE DI SARDEGNA)
B. at Turin on 6 Apr. 1765, d. there on 27 Apr. 1831. Fourth-born son of Victor Amadeus, who was the third king of this name, and of Maria Antonia Ferdinanda… -
Charles Francis of Breno (CARLO FRANCESCO DA BRENO)
Born in Breno (Brescia) on 7 September 1672 into the noble Camozzi family, died in Rome in the convent of S. Francesco a Ripa on 28 January 1745. Having… -
Charles I and II of Anjou (CARLO I E II D'ANGIÒ)
CARLO I e II d'ANGIÒ: v. ANGIÒ, DINASTIA di NAPOLI. -
Charles II, Emperor, called the Bald (CARLO II, IMPERATORE, DETTO IL CALVO)
Son of Louis the Pious and his second wife Judith, born in 823 at Frankfurt on the Main. In 829, at the assembly of Worms, Germany was decreed to him as an… -
Charles III, Emperor, King of Germany, called the Fat (CARLO III, IMPERATORE, RE D'ALEMAGNA, DETTO IL GROSSO)
Third son of Louis the German, b. in 830. As prince, he contested Lotharingia with Charles the Bald (872), and on the death of Emperor Louis II he tried in… -
Charles III of Bourbon, King of Spain (CARLO III DI BORBONE, RE DI SPAGNA)
Born in Madrid on 20 January 1716, died there on 14 December 1788. Third son of Philip V of Spain and firstborn of Elizabeth Farnese, destined for a throne in… -
Charles III of Bourbon, King of the Two Sicilies and later of Spain (CARLO III DI BORBONE, RE DELLE DUE SICILIE E POI DI SPAGNA)
CARLO III di BORBONE, re delle DUE SICILIE e poi di SPAGNA: v. CARLO III of Bourbon, king of SPAIN. -
Charles II, King of England (CARLO II, RE D'INGHILTERRA)
B. in London on 29 May 1630, d. there on 6 Feb. 1685. Son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria, C. succeeded his father on the throne after the restoration of the… -
Charles I, King of England and Scotland (CARLO I, RE D'INGHILTERRA E DI SCOZIA)
B. 19 Nov. 1600 at Dunfermline, d. 30 Jan. 1649 in London, son of James I and Anne of Den- mark. In 1625, having become king, he married Henrietta Maria… -
Charles IV, Emperor (CARLO IV, IMPERATORE)
Born in Prague on May 13, 1316 and died there on Nov. 18, 1378. Son of John, king of Bohemia, he succeeded his father in 1346. He was supported by the Guelph… -
Charles IX, King of France (CARLO IX, RE DI FRANCIA)
Third male child of Henry II and Catherine de' Medici, b. at St-Germain-en-Laye on 27 June 1550, d. at Vincennes on 30 May 1574. He first bore the title of… -
Charles Martel (CARLO MARTELLO)
Illegitimate son of Pepin of Herstal, he succeeded in establishing himself, after a long struggle lasting from 714 to 717, in his father's office of mayor of… -
Charles of Assumption (CARLO DELL'ASSUNZIONE)
Carmelite theologian, in the world C. de Bryse, son of Giovanni, governor of Marienburg, b. at St-Ghislain (Hainaut), in 1625, d. at Lille on 23 February 1686.… -
Charles of Sezze, Blessed (CARLO DA SEZZE, BEATO)
Lay Franciscan, in the world Giovanni Carlo Melchior, b. at Sezze Romano on 19 Oct. 1613, d. at Rome on 6 Jan. 1670. Having taken his solemn vows on 19 May… -
Charles Orazio of Castorano (CARLO ORAZIO DA CASTORANO)
Celebrated missionary and sinologist, b. at Castorano (Ascoli Piceno) on 20 May 1673, to Francesco di Orazio and Diamante Guglielmi, d. 1 Feb. 1755. He took… -
Charles the Bold (CARLO IL TEMERARIO)
Duke of Burgundy, b. at Dijon on 10 Nov. 1433, d. in combat against the Duke of Lorraine beneath the walls of Nancy on 5 Jan. 1477. He succeeded his father… -
Charleston, Diocese of (CHARLESTON, DIOCESI DI)
City of the State of South Carolina, in the United States, seat of a diocese, suffragan of Baltimore-Washington, it comprises the entire territory of South… -
Charles V, Emperor (CARLO V, IMPERATORE)
Born at Ghent on 24 February 1500, died at San Jerónimo de Yuste on 21 September 1558. Son of Philip the Handsome, Archduke of Austria, and of Joanna the Mad… -
Charles VI, Emperor (CARLO VI, IMPERATORE)
N. in Vienna on 1 Oct. 1685, d. there on 20 Oct. 1740. His name is linked to the War of the Spanish Succession, to the war against the Turks concluded with the… -
Charles VIII, King of France (CARLO VIII, RE DI FRANCIA)
Son of Louis XI and Charlotte of Savoy, b. at Amboise on 30 June 1470, d. there on 7 Apr. 1498. Frail and of poor health, at thirteen he succeeded his father… -
Charles VII, King of France, called the Victorious (CARLO VII, RE DI FRANCIA, DETTO IL VITTORIOSO)
Son of the preceding and of Isabella of Bavaria, b. in Paris on 2 February 1403, d. at Mehun-sur-Yèvre on 22 July 1461. In 1417 he assumed the regency of the… -
Charles VI, King of France, called the Mad (CARLO VI, RE DI FRANCIA, DETTO IL PAZZO)
Son of the preceding and of Joan of Bourbon, b. in Paris on 3 Dec. 1368, d. on 21 Oct. 1422. His uncles, the dukes of Burgundy, Berry and Anjou, governed for… -
Charles V, King of France (CARLO V, RE DI FRANCIA)
Son of John II the Good, he was the greatest figure of the French royal house of the Valois branch in the 14th century. Born at Vincennes on 21 January 1337… -
Charles XII, King of Sweden (CARLO XII, RE DI SVEZIA)
Son of Charles XI and of Ulrica Eleonora of Denmark, born on 17 June 1682, killed in the siege of Fredrikshald (Norway), on 30 Nov. 1718. Having, at the age of… -
Charles X, King of France (CARLO X, RE DI FRANCIA)
Son of Louis, Dauphin of France, and of Maria Josepha of Saxony, b. 9 Oct. 1757 at Versailles, d. 6 Nov. 1836 at Gorizia. He bore the title of Count of Artois… -
Charlevoix, Pierre-François-Xavier
French Jesuit, historian of the missions, b. at St-Quentin on 24 Oct. 1682, entered the novitiate on 15 Sept. 1698. Before his priesthood, he had taught… -
Charlier, Jean
CHARLIER, JEAN: v. GERSON JOHANNES. -
Charlottetown, Diocese of (CHARLOTTETOWN, DIOCESI DI)
In Canada. The capital of the smallest province of Canada (Prince Edward Island), C. is a suffragan of Halifax in Nova Scotia. Its territory comprises the… -
Charmoisy, Louise de
The "Philothea" of St. Francis de Sales, born of the noble de Chastel family around 1587, lady-in-waiting to the dowager duchess of Guise, married in Paris in… -
Charpentier, Marc-Antoine
Musician, b. in Paris in 1634, d. there on 24 Feb. 1704. He trained at the school of Carissimi in Rome, where he had come to study painting. In his homeland he… -
Charron, Pierre
French moralist writer, b. in Paris in 1541 and d. there in 1603; after taking a degree in jurisprudence he became a priest, was a celebrated preacher… -
Charta (CARTA)
Writing material of Chinese invention; its manufacture, made with linen rags mixed with small quantities of hemp and cotton, was learned by the Arabs with the… -
Charta Pagensis
For a long time the term was equivalent to today's "private document." In the formulary of Marculf (7th century), 52 examples of chartae pagenses are clearly… -
Charter of Labor (CARTA DEL LAVORO)
CARTA DEL LAVORO: v. LAVORO, CARTA DEL. -
Chartier, Alain
Canon of Notre-Dame from 1420; loyal subject and secretary of the dauphin and later King Charles VII; he lived in a truly difficult period for his homeland (c.… -
Chartier, Jean
Monk at St-Denis and last chronicler of the monastery, d. after 1470. He wrote at the commission of Charles VII the history of his reign, which remains a… -
Chartism (CARTISMO)
An English political movement, predominantly working-class, of the first half of the 19th century. The force sustaining it was a general discontent provoked by… -
Chartophylax
A dignitary of the Byzantine Church, called, under Andronikos the Younger, also "Magnus c.", who was originally the custodian of the archives of the… -
Chartres, Diocese of (CHARTRES, DIOCESI DI)
Diocese and city in the department of Eure-et-Loir (France), with an area of 5,869 sq. km. and a population of 252,690 inhabitants, of whom 250,000 are… -
Chartreuse, La Grande
CHARTREUSE, LA GRANDE : V. GRANDE CHARTREUSE. -
Charvaz, André
Bishop, b. 25 December 1793 at Hautecour in Savoy, d. at Mont-Saint-Michel, near Moûtiers, on 18 October 1870. Charles Albert wanted him as tutor to his sons… -
Chasidism (CHASIDISMO)
CHASIDISMO : v. HASIDISMO. -
Chastity (CASTITÀ)
A moral virtue that regulates the appetite for sexual pleasure, inherent in the generative act. It is a virtue because it entails a dominion of the soul over… -
Chasuble (CASULA)
CASULA: v. PIANETA. -
Chasuble (VELO OMERALE)
A long strip of silk or linen that rests on the shoulders with its two ends hanging down over the chest and that serves to cover the hands while holding sacred… -
Chateaubriand, François-René de
Writer and diplomat. Born at St-Malo on 4 September 1768, into a family of minor but ancient nobility. His father, a sea captain and shipowner, having made a… -
Chatelain, Émile-Louis-Marie (CHATELAIN, EMILE-LOUIS-MARIE)
French paleographer and librarian, b. at Montrouge on 26 Nov. 1851, d. at Paris on 26 Nov. 1933. A librarian in 1881 at the library of the Sorbonne, he was… -
Chatham
CHATHAM: v. BATHURST nel CANADÀ. -
Châtillon de Coligny, Odet de
Cardinal, born at Châtillon in 1523 into one of the foremost families of France, died at Canterbury in 1568. At the age of eleven he was created cardinal, with… -
Chaucer, Geoffrey
English poet, b. around 1340, d. probably in 1400. He served at court, as a soldier in the Hundred Years' War, during which he was taken prisoner; as a… -
Chaudon, Louis-Mayeul
Benedictine, historian and philosopher, b. at Valensoles (Basses-Alpes) on 20 May 1737, d. at Mézin on 28 May 1817. His principal works are: Nouveau dictionn.… -
Chaumonot, Pierre-Marie-Joseph
Jesuit, missionary among the Canadian Redskins, b. near Châtillon-sur-Seine on 9 Aug. 1611, d. at Québec on 21 Feb. 1693. Having run away from home in search… -
Chautard, Jean-Baptiste-Gustave
Cistercian abbot of the strict observance (Trappist), b. at Briançon on 12 March 1858, d. at Sept-Fonds (diocese of Moulins) on 29 Sept. 1935. At the age of 19… -
Chaves, Pedro de
Benedictine abbot. His origin is unknown, whether French or Portuguese. He entered the abbey of Montserrat in 1534, where he was at first received as a layman… -
Cheffontaines, Christophe de (CHEFFONTAINES, CHRISTOPHE DE)
Franciscan theologian, b. ca. 1532 at St-Pol-Léon (Brittany), d. at Rome in 1595. An Observant Minorite from his earliest youth, he devoted himself to… -
Chefneux, Mathieu
Augustinian scholar, b. in Liège in the early years of the 17th century, d. ca. 1670. He was prior in the Augustinian convent of his native city, a prolific… -
Chefoo [Yantai], Diocese of (CHEFOO, DIOCESI DI)
It is located in the civil province of Shantung (China). The mission was erected as an apostolic vicariate on 27 February 1894 by division of the apostolic… -
Cheikho, Luigi
Famous Arabist, Jesuit. Born in Mardin in Turkey on 4 February 1859, he entered the Society of Jesus in 1874 and died in Beirut on 7 December 1927. In 1882 he… -
Chelini, Domenico
Scolopian mathematician, b. at Gragnano (Lucca) on 18 Oct. 1802, d. at Rome on 16 Nov. 1873. He taught mathematics at the Collegio Nazareno from 1831 to 1851… -
Chelodi, Giovanni
Canonist, b. at Cavalese on 1 June 1882, d. at Trento on 31 May 1922. Ordained a priest in 1905, he had occasion to make his polemical spirit shine in the… -
Chemistry (CHIMICA)
I. DEFINITIONS AND DIVISIONS. - The word c. may derive from the Egyptian or Coptic terms "km.t" or "Kèmi" having the meanings of "black earth" or "Egypt": c.… -
Chemnitz, Martin
German Protestant theologian, one of the major representatives of Lutheran doctrine, whence the nickname alter Martinus (Lutherus). Born at Treuenbrietzen in… -
Chemotassi
CHEMOTASSI : v. TROPISMO. -
Chemotropism (CHEMOTROPISMO)
CHEMOTROPISMO : v. TROPISMO. -
Chengchow [Zhengzhou], Diocese of (CHENGCHOW, DIOCESI DI)
It is located in the civil province of Honan (China); it was erected as an apostolic prefecture on 15 May 1906 under the name of apostolic prefecture of… -
Chengtu [Chengdu], Diocese of (CHENGTU, DIOCESI DI)
The civil province of Szechwan, in western China, detached from the diocese of Nanking, was erected as an apostolic vicariate on 15 Oct. 1696 and entrusted to… -
Cherchell (CHERCHEL)
In Algeria. It is the ancient Caesarea in Mauretania, founded by the Carthaginians, who called it Iol (a Phoenician deity). King Juba II called it Caesarea… -
Cherem
CHEREM: v. HEREM. -
Chernyshevsky, Nikolay Gavrilovich (ČERNYŠEVSKIJ, NIKOLAJ GAVRILOVIČ)
Russian revolutionary, known as a man of letters, publicist and economist, b. at Saratov in 1828, d. there in 1889. He collaborated on the leading Russian… -
Chérot, Henri
Jesuit, b. at Sens on 4 February 1856, d. at Montana (Switzerland) on 25 June 1906. Having entered the Society in 1875, he took his degree in letters… -
Cherubim (CHERUBINO)
An invisible spirit and minister of God, executor of his wills, of which he further manifests the presence and the power, and with whose "glory" he stands in a… -
Cherubini, Luigi
Musician, b. in Florence on 14 Sept. 1760, d. in Paris on 15 March 1842. He was a pupil of his father, then of the Florentine masters Felici, Bizzarri and… -
Cherubino of Avigliana, Blessed (CHERUBINO DA AVIGLIANA, BEATO)
Piedmontese Augustinian, descended from the Testa family, born at Avigliana in 1451 and died there on 17 September 1479. He was distinguished for his piety and… -
Cherubino of Correggio (CHERUBINO DA CORREGGIO)
Capuchin preacher and scholar of the ancient province of Lombardy (Parma), b. 9 February 1636, d. at Modena 3 February 1728. He polemicized against heretics… -
Cherubino of Maurienne (CHERUBINO DA MAURIENNE)
Born on 24 March 1566, he entered the Capuchin Friars Minor of Genoa on 7 Sept. 1583; he died in the convent of Monte in Turin on 23 Oct. 1609. An effective… -
Cherubino of San Giuseppe (CHERUBINO DI SAN GIUSEPPE)
French Discalced Carmelite, in the world Alessandro de Boria, b. 5 Aug. 1639 at Martel (Lot) and d. at Bordeaux on 4 Apr. 1725. A biblical scholar, he taught… -
Cheselden (Chesselden), William
English anatomist and surgeon (1688-1752). He was the first to study from a psychophysiological point of view the behavior of a person blind from birth… -
Chester Beatty Papyri (CHESTER BEATTY, PAPIRI DI)
CHESTER BEATTY, PAPIRI di: v. BEATTY, papyri of Chester. -
Chesterton, Gilbert Keith
English writer, b. in London on 29 May 1874, d. at Beaconsfield on 14 June 1936. After his early studies at St. Paul's School, he attended the Slade School of… -
Chestov, Leo (CHESTOV, LEONE)
CHESTOV, LEONE : v. ŠESTOV, LEONE. -
Chevalier, Cyr-Ulysse-Joseph (CHEVALIER, CYRE-ULYSSE-JOSEPH)
French priest, historian and bibliographer, b. at Rambouillet on 24 Feb. 1841, d. at Romans (Drôme), on 27 Oct. 1920. He was professor of archaeology at the… -
Chevalier, Jules
Priest of the diocese of Bourges, b. at Richelieu on 15 March 1824, d. at Issoudun on 21 Oct. 1907. To a holy life he joined great zeal in propagating devotion… -
Chevalier, Léopold
French theologian, b. at Malzéville (Meurthe-et-Moselle) on 13 Nov. 1846 and d. at Nancy on 12 Aug. 1891. After completing his theological studies at the… -
Cheverus, Jean-Louis-Madeleine Lefebvre de
Cardinal, b. 28 Jan. 1768 at Mayenne, d. 19 July 1856 at Bordeaux. A priest in Dec. 1790, he refused to take the oath to the civil constitution of the clergy… -
Chevrier, Antoine, Venerable (CHEVRIER, ANTOINE, VENERABILE)
Born in Lyon on 16 April 1826, died there on 2 October 1879. A student at the seminary of Lyon, he left it a priest on 25 May 1850. As curate in the… -
Cheyenne, Diocese of (CHEYENNE, DIOCESI DI)
Capital of the State of Wyoming in the United States, it is a suffragan diocese of Denver in the State of Colorado. Its territory comprises the entire State of… -
Cheyne, Thomas Kelly
Protestant exegete, b. in London on 18 Sept. 1841, d. there on 16 Nov. 1915. Professor at Oxford from 1886 to 1908 and member of the British Academy. An… -
Chézard de Matel, Jeanne
French mystic from Roanne, b. 6 Nov. 1596, d. 11 Sept. 1670, foundress of the Congregation of the Incarnate Word and of the Most Blessed Sacrament. Favored… -
Chełmno, Diocese of (CHELMNO, DIOCESI DI)
CHELMNO, DIOCESI di: v. CULMA, DIOCESI di. -
Chełmża, Diocese of (CULMA, DIOCESI DI)
In Poland (Polish Chełmno), founded in 1218, organized in 1243 by William, bishop of Modena and papal legate of Innocent IV. Suffragan of Gniezno (Gnesna)… -
Chiabrera, Gabriello
Poet, b. at Savona in 1552, d. there in 1638. He was a student at the Roman College; in Rome he also had contacts with the humanists Speroni, Manuzio and… -
Chiapas, Diocese of (CHIAPAS, DIOCESI DI)
In the Republic of Mexico, a suffragan of Antequera. It comprises the entire State of Chiapas, with an area of 73,000 sq km and a population of 630,000… -
Chiappelli, Alessandro
Philosopher, b. at Pistoia on 20 Nov. 1857, professor at Naples from 1887 to 1908, d. there in 1931. A Neo-Kantian, freer than others of the school from… -
Chiaravalle
A place name recalling the great French abbey of Clara Vallis, Clairvaux (v.), and which was given to certain localities in Italy where Cistercian monasteries… -
Chiari, Pietro
Priest, playwright, novelist, b. in Brescia in 1711, d. there in 1785. He was first a Jesuit and teacher of eloquence at Modena for two years (1736-38), then… -
Chiaromonte
CHIAROMONTE: v. ANGLONA e TURSI, DIOCESI di. -
Chiaroscuro
It is determined in the vision of objects by the contrast between parts in light and parts in shadow. In art, these are said to be rendered in chiaroscuro when… -
Chiavari, Diocese of (CHIAVARI, DIOCESI DI)
Diocese and city in the province of Genoa, erected by Leo XIII on 3 Dec. 1892; it has an area of 570 sq km with 148 parishes, 242 diocesan priests and 44… -
Chiavassa, Michele Antonio
In religion, Giovan Domenico di S. Chiara. Carmelite missionary and bishop. Born at Racconigi (Cuneo, Italy), on 1 March 1710, and made his religious… -
Chiavetta, Giacinto
A Capuchin of the province of Messina, in religion Giacinto da Troina. Learned in ecclesiastical and civil law, he held various offices in his Order; he… -
Chicago, Archdiocese of (CHICAGO, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
City in the State of Illinois in the United States, and seat of a metropolitan archdiocese comprising the counties of Cook, Lake, Du Page, Kankakee, Will and… -
Chicoutimi, Diocese of (CHICOUTIMI, DIOCESI DI)
In Canada. A city in the province of Quebec, and a suffragan of Quebec, it comprises the counties of C., Charlevoix, Lac St-Jean, and in part that of Saguenay.… -
Chidone, Demetrio
CHIDONE, DEMETRIO: v. CIDONE DEMETRIO. CHIDONONE (CIDONE), PROCORO: v. CIDONE PROCORO. -
Chidonone (Cidone), Procoro
CHIDONONE (CIDONE), PROCORO: v. CIDONE PROCORO. -
Chieregato (Chiericati), Francesco
Apostolic nuncio, b. at Vicenza in 1478, d. at Bologna on 6 Dec. 1539. Under Leo X he was sent as apostolic nuncio, from 1515 to 1517, to England, and two… -
Chieregato, Lionello
Bishop and papal nuncio, b. at Vicenza to Nicola C., in the first half of the 15th century. A doctor of decrees, in February 1470 he is found in the retinue of… -
Chiericato (Clericatus), Giovanni
Theologian and canonist of the Congregation of the Oratory, b. in Padua on 8 September 1633, d. in the same city on 29 December 1727. He held various… -
Chiesa, Giannicola
Augustinian ascetic-mystical writer, b. in Genoa in 1695, d. 23 April 1782. He entered the Hermits of St. Augustine in 1711, and in 1725 moved to the… -
Chieti and Vasto, Archdiocese of (CHIETI E VASTO, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
In the Abruzzi, C. is a provincial capital. The archdiocese has an area of 2,500 sq km, 138 parishes, with 215 diocesan priests and 92 regulars, for a…