Berruguete, Pedro And Alonso(BERRUGUETE, PEDRO E ALONSO)Vol. II, p. 847 BERRUGUETE, PEDRO and ALONSO. — PEDRO, painter, born at Paredes de Nava (Palencia) around 1450, died before 1505. He was formed in the Flemish tradition; later…
Berruyer, Isaac-Joseph(BERRUYIER, ISAAC-JOSEPH)Vol. II, p. 847 BERRUYIER, ISAAC-JOSEPH. — An exegete, born in Rouen on 7 November 1681, he entered the Society of Jesus as a young man and died in Paris on 18 February 1758.…
BersabeaVol. II, p. 847 BERSABEA. - One of the most ancient localities of Palestine, with which are associated the names of the first Patriarchs, who repeatedly pitched their tents…
Berse (Barzeg), GasparVol. II, p. 848 BERSE (BARZEG), GASPAR. - Disciple and companion of s. Francesco Saverio, born in Goes (Netherlands) in 1515. After a troubled youth, he entered the Society of…
Bersuire (Bressuire), PietroVol. II, p. 848 BERSUIRE (BRESSUIRE), PIETRO. — Benedictine, born at St.-Pierre du Chemin toward the end of the thirteenth century, died in Paris in 1362. He entered the…
Bertaldo, IacopoVol. II, p. 848 BERTALDO, IACOPO. – Bishop of Veglia, died in Venice on 3 April 1315. His name first appears in a document of 1295. There he is listed as a notary and priest…
Bertano, PietroVol. II, p. 848 BERTANO, PIETRO. - Bishop and cardinal, born in Nonantola (Modena) on Nov. 4, 1501, died in Rome on March 8, 1558. An appreciated diplomat and skilled…
Bertarius(BERTARIO)Vol. II, p. 848 BERTARIO. – Chronicler, priest of Verdun and canon of S. Vanne (ca. 917). At the request of his bishop Dadone, he wrote the Gesta episcoporum Viridunensium…
Bertarius Of Montecassino, Saint(BERTARIO DI MONTECASSINO, SANTO)Vol. II, p. 848 BERTARIO di MONTECASSINO, saint. — He is one of the most notable figures in Italy during the Carolingian age. Probably of Lombard stock—Berthari is the…
Bertaud, Jean(BERTAUT, JEAN)Vol. II, p. 849 BERTAUT, JEAN. - French bishop and poet, born at Donnay, diocese of Bayeux, in 1552, died at Séez (Savoy) on 8 June 1611. Owing to his learning, he was held in…
Bertazzoli, FrancescoVol. II, p. 849 BERTAZZOLI, FRANCESCO. — Cardinal, born in Lugo on 1 May 1754, died in Rome on 7 April 1830. He studied theology in Bologna and took Orders in 1777. He was one…
Bertelli, LeopoldoVol. II, p. 849 BERTELLI, LEOPOLDO. - Barnabite, in religion Fr Timoteo, b. at Bologna on 26 Oct. 1826 and d. at the «Alla Querce» college in Firenze on 6 Feb. 1905. Physicist…
Berthier, Guillaume-JosephVol. II, p. 849 BERTHIER, GUILLAUME-JOSEPH. - French Jesuit, historian, publicist, and ascetical writer, b. at Issoudun on 7 Apr. 1704; entered the order in 1722; d. at…
Berthier, Jean-BaptisteVol. II, p. 850 BERTHIER, JEAN-BAPTISTE. – Missionary of N. S. de « La Salette », founder of the Missionaries of the Holy Family (v.), born at Châtonnay (Isère) on 24 February…
Berthier, JoachimVol. II, p. 850 BERTHIER, JOACHIM. — Born on 31 December 1848 at Talloires near Annecy (Savoy), died on 21 December 1924 at Fribourg (Switzerland). Educated at the college of…
Berthieu, JacquesVol. II, p. 850 BERTHIEU, JACQUES. — Missionary martyred for the faith in Madagascar. Born at Polminhac (Auvergne) on 26 November 1838 and ordained a priest in 1864, he was…
Berthold Von Regensburg(BERTHOLD VON REGENBURG)Vol. II, p. 851 BERTHOLD von REGENBURG. — He was the most famous German preacher of the 13th century, born in Regensburg around 1210 and dying there in 1272. Having entered…
Berti, Giovanni LorenzoVol. II, p. 851 BERTI, GIOVANNI LORENZO. — Theologian of the eremitical Order of s. Agostino, a distinguished representative of the Augustinian school in the eighteenth…
Bertieri, GiuseppeVol. II, p. 851 BERTIERI, GIUSEPPE. — Augustinian bishop and theologian, born in Ceva, in Piedmont, on 9 November 1734, died in Pavia on 5 July 1804. He entered religious life…
Bertini, Giovanni MariaVol. II, p. 851 BERTINI, GIOVANNI MARIA. – Dominican theologian, born in Palermo around 1610, where he died in the odor of sanctity on 15 February 1669. He entered the…
Bertini, Pacio and Giovanni(BERTINI, PACIO E GIOVANNI)Vol. II, p. 852 BERTINI, PACIO e GIOVANNI: v. PACIO e GIOVANNI da FIRENZE.
Bertino, Saint(BERTINO, SANTO)Vol. II, p. 852 BERTINO, saint. – Second abbot of Sithiu on the Aa River, where the rule and customs of St. Colombano were followed. He first appears in 674–75 as a signatory…
Bertinoro, 'ObhadhjāhVol. II, p. 857 BERTINORO, 'OBHADHJĀH. – Rabbinic writer, d. in Jerusalem between 1500 and 1510. In 1485 he left Città di Castello to move to Jerusalem, where he became rabbi…
Bertinoro, Diocese of(BERTINORO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 852 BERTINORO, DIOCESE of. – In Romagna, in the province of Forlì, suffragan of Ravenna. It is identified with the ancient Cesubium or Sussubium, mentioned among…
Bertola De' Giorgi, AurelioVol. II, p. 857 BERTOLA DE' GIORGI, AURELIO. — Polygraph and poet, born in Rimini on 4 August 1753, died there on 30 June 1798. An Olivetan monk, he later served in the…
Bertoldi, Carlo MicheleVol. II, p. 857 BERTOLDI, CARLO MICHELE. — Missionary, b. at Valperga (Piedmont), 20 Oct. 1660; he entered the Society of Jesus on 9 July 1681 and embarked for India in 1697.…
Bertoldi, Giovanni da SerravalleVol. II, p. 857 BERTOLDI, GIOVANNI da SERRAVALLE. – Franciscan Dante scholar, born at Serravalle (Republic of S. Marino) around 1350, died at Fano in 1445. As a young man he…
Bertoldo da RatisbonaVol. II, p. 858 BERTOLDO da RATISBONA. — The finest German preacher of the Middle Ages, born in Ratisbona shortly before 1210, and died there on 14 December 1272. Having…
Bertoldo di GiovanniVol. II, p. 858 BERTOLDO di GIOVANNI. - Sculptor and medallist, born in Florence in 1420, died in 1491. A disciple of Donatello, he collaborated with his master on the base of…
Bertoldo di HennebergVol. II, p. 858 BERTOLDO di HENNEBERG. — Archbishop and elector of Mainz, b. in 1441, d. on 21 Dec. 1504. In 1484 he was appointed archbishop of Mainz and consecrated by…
Bertoldo Of Moosburg (Moosburg, Maisberch)(BERTOLDO DI MOSBURG (MOOSBURG, MAISBERCH))Vol. II, p. 858 BERTOLDO di MOSBURG (MOOSBURG, MAISBERCH). — Dominican scholastic of the first half of the sixteenth century. Perhaps a disciple of Dietrich di Friburgo (de…
Bertoldo Of Reichenau(BERTOLDO DI REICHENAU)Vol. II, p. 859 BERTOLDO di REICHENAU. — Chronicler, who, according to the testimony of Bernoldo di Costanza, died on 12 March 1088, at an advanced age. A disciple of Ermanno…
Bertoldo Of Rohrbach(BERTOLDO DI ROHRBACH)Vol. II, p. 859 BERTOLDO di ROHRBACH. — Heretic who lived in the first half of the fourteenth century and was burned at the stake in Speyer in 1356, by order of the…
Bertoldo, Saint(BERTOLDO, SANTO)Vol. II, p. 857 BERTOLDO, saint. — First superior general of the Carmelites, born in Solignac (Limoges, France) and descended from the noble Malefaida family; already a…
Bertoli, GiandomenicoVol. II, p. 859 BERTOLI, GIANDOMENICO. — Archaeologist, born at Meretto near Udine on 13 March 1676, died at Aquileia on 22 March 1763. He was a canon of Aquileia and studied…
Bertolotti, GiulioVol. II, p. 859 BERTOLOTTI, GIULIO. - Abbot General of the Cistercians, born at Chiusa in 1608 and died on 16 May 1682. Having entered at a very young age a monastery of the…
Bertoni, Gaspare, Venerable(BERTONI, GASPARE, VENERABILE)Vol. II, p. 860 BERTONI, GASPARE, venerable. - Founder of the Stigmatines, b. in Verona on 9 October 1777, d. there on 12 June 1853. As a young priest, he introduced Marian…
Bertonio, LuigiVol. II, p. 860 BERTONIO, LUIGI. - Jesuit missionary and eminent linguist. Born at Rocca Contrada in the Marca di Ancona around 1555, he entered the Society of Jesus in Rome…
Bertram, AdolfVol. II, p. 860 BERTRAM, ADOLF. – Cardinal, born on 14 March 1859 at Hildesheim, died on 6 July 1945 at Breslau. He pursued philosophical and theological studies at the…
Bertran, Luis, Saint(BERTRAN, LUIS, SANTO)Vol. II, p. 860 BERTRAN, LUIS, saint: v. LUIGI BERTRÁN, saint.
Bertrand, JosephVol. II, p. 860 BERTRAND, JOSEPH. — French Jesuit and missionary, born at Fréland (Haut-Rhin, Alsace) on 9 November 1801, died at Notre-Dame de Liesse (Ain) on 13 January…
Bertrand, LouisVol. II, p. 861 BERTRAND, LOUIS. - Writer, b. at Spincourt on 20 March 1866, d. at Antibes on 6 Dec. 1941; he returned to religious practice in 1906, during a journey to the…
Bertrand, Pierre (Bertrandus, Petrus)Vol. II, p. 861 BERTRAND, PIERRE (Bertrandus, Petrus). – French decretalist, died on 23 June 1348 or 24 June 1349. He studied at the University of Orléans. He taught canon law…
Bertrando de TurreVol. II, p. 862 BERTRANDO DE TURRE. — Franciscan, cardinal, homiletic writer, born ca. 1265–70 into the noble de la Tour family at Camboulit near Figeac (Lot), died at the end…
Bertrando del Poggetto (Bertrand du Poujet)Vol. II, p. 861 BERTRANDO del POGGETTO (BERTRAND DU POUJET). — Born at Castelnau-Montattier (Lot) around 1280, died on 1 February 1352, cardinal bishop of Ostia. He owed his…
Bertrando di Saint-Geniès (Diocese of Cahors), Blessed(BERTRANDO DI SAINT-GENIÈS (DIOCESI DI CAHORS), BEATO)Vol. II, p. 861 BERTRANDO of SAINT-GENIÈS (diocese of Cahors), blessed. — A doctor of law at Toulouse and auditor of the Rota, he was appointed patriarch of Aquileia by John…
Bertrin, GeorgesVol. II, p. 862 BERTRIN, GEORGES. — French priest and writer, born in St-Bazeille on 5 July 1851, died in Marmande on 12 July 1924. He was first curate of Marmande, then…
Bertulf Of Bobbio, Saint(BERTOLFO DI BOBBIO, SANTO)Vol. II, p. 859 BERTOLFO di BOBBIO, saint. — Born into a noble pagan Frankish family, he entered the monastery of Luxeuil. He went with Abbot Attala to Bobbio, where he became…
Bertulf Of Renty, Saint(BERTOLFO DI RENTY, SANTO)Vol. II, p. 859 BERTOLFO di RENTY, saint. — Born under Sigeberto (639–56) to a pagan German family; having gone to Thérouanne (Belgium) and received Baptism there, he became…
Berzelius, Jöns JacobVol. II, p. 863 BERZELIUS, JÖNS JACOB. - Swedish chemist, born at Våversunda on 20 Aug. 1779, died at Stockholm on 2 Aug. 1848. By his scientific industry, experimental…
Berzellai (Hebrew Barzillai)(BERZELLAI (EBR. BARZILLAJ))Vol. II, p. 864 BERZELLAI (Heb. Barzillaj). – A wealthy landowner from Rogelim in Gilead. He hosted the fugitive David during the rebellion of Absalom (II Sam. 17, 27). Later,…
Berzi, AngeloVol. II, p. 864 BERZI, ANGELO. — Bergamask theologian, born at Chiuduno on 8 May 1815 and died there on 10 January 1884. He completed his studies at the seminary of Bergamo…
Berzé, Hugh de(BERZÉ, HUGUES DE)Vol. II, p. 863 BERZÉ, HUGUES de. - Burgundian trouvère, active between the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, author of a satirical-moral poem of 838 verses (Bible), in which,…
Besant, AnnieVol. II, p. 865 BESANT, ANNIE. – Theosophist, born in London on 1 October 1847, died at Adyar (Madras) on 20 September 1933. Of an Irish Protestant family, at the age of 21…
BesançonVol. II, p. 864 BESANÇON - Alms table (5th–6th centuries), with the Constantinian monogram and the inscription: « Hoc signum praestat populis caelestia regna ». between…
Besançon, Archdiocese of(BESANÇON, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 864 BESANÇON, ARCHDIOCESE of. — It extends over 11,200 sq. km. in the two departments of Haute-Saône and Doubs. It has 560,000 Catholics out of a population of…
Beschi, Costanzo GiuseppeVol. II, p. 865 BESCHI, COSTANZO GIUSEPPE. - Missionary and linguist of the Society of Jesus, b. at Castiglione della Stiviere on 8 Nov. 1680, d. at Ambalacate on 4 Feb. 1747.…
Besoigne, JérômeVol. II, p. 866 BESOIGNE, JÉRÔME. - Jansenist theologian, b. in Paris in 1686 and d. there on 25 Jan. 1763. Ordained priest in 1715 and doctor of theology in 1718, he taught…
Besozzi, GiampietroVol. II, p. 866 BESOZZI, GIAMPIETRO. - Ascetical writer, born in Milan of a noble family in 1503, died there in the repute of sanctity in 1584. He belonged to the register of…
BessarioneVol. II, p. 866 BESSARIONE. — Periodical of Oriental studies published in Rome from 1896 to 1923, founded by Msgr., later Cardinal, Niccolò Marini (1843–1923). Taking its…
Besse, Jean-MartialVol. II, p. 869 BESSE, JEAN-MARTIAL - Benedictine, b. at Saint-Angel (Corrèze) on 29 Oct. 1861, d. at Ligugé on 26 July 1920. In 1885 he was ordained priest in the abbey of…
Besse, LéonVol. II, p. 870 BESSE, LÉON. - Jesuit missionary, b. 27 March 1853 at Perigueux, d. 3 May 1919 at Madras. Having entered the Toulouse province of the Society as a priest…
Bessel, Johann GeorgVol. II, p. 870 BESSEL, JOHANN GEORG. – Benedictine monk, born at Buchheim (Electorate of Mainz) on 5 September 1672, died at Göttweig (Lower Austria) on 20 (or 22) January…
BessiVol. II, p. 870 BESSI. – A population of Thracian stock inhabiting, in Strabo’s time, the plain between the mountain ranges of Haemus (the Balkans) and Rhodope (Eastern…
Besson, François-Nicolas-LouisVol. II, p. 870 BESSON, FRANÇOIS-NICOLAS-LOUIS. - Bishop of Nîmes, born at Baume-les-Dames on 5 Oct. 1821, died at Nîmes on 18 Nov. 1888. He studied at the seminary of…
Besson, Joseph-AntoineVol. II, p. 870 BESSON, JOSEPH-ANTOINE. - Priest and historian, born at Flumet (Savoy) on Feb. 10, 1717, died at Chapeiry, in the diocese of Geneva, on March 26, 1763.…
Besson, MariusVol. II, p. 871 BESSON, MARIUS. — Historian and writer, bishop of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg, born in Turin on 28 June 1876, but originally from Chapelle-sur-Moudon (canton…
Bestiality(BESTIALITÀ)Vol. II, p. 872 BESTIALITÀ: v. LUSSURIA.
Bestiaries(BESTIARI)Vol. II, p. 872 BESTIARI. – Didactic-moral books of the Middle Ages, in Latin or the vernacular, in verse or prose, containing descriptions of several dozen real or fabulous…
Besztercebánya(BESZTEREZEBANYA)Vol. II, p. 875 BESZTEREZEBANYA : v. NEOSOLIO.
Betanzos, Domingo deVol. II, p. 875 BETANZOS, DOMINGO de. - B. at León in 1480, he studied at Salamanca; he lived for some time as a hermit on the island of Ponza, then became a Dominican at…
Beth-shan (Hebrew Beth-Šē'ān or Beth-Šān; Septuagint Βαθθάγ, Βηθάγ; Arabic Bejān)(BETHSAN (EBR. BETH-ŠĒ'AN O BETH-ŠĀN; SETTANTA ΒΑΤΘΆΓ, ΒΗΘΆΓ, ARABO BEJĀN))Vol. II, p. 879 BETHSAN (Hebr. Beth-šē'an or Beth-šān; Septuagint Βατθάγ, Βηθάγ, Arabic Bejān). — Palestinian city, whose Hebrew name means “house of rest”; today, however, it…
BethabaraVol. II, p. 875 BETHABARA. — A name that Origen (PG 14, 270) substituted for «Bethania» in Io. 1:28, since he had been unable to identify a locality of this name on the…
BethaniaVol. II, p. 875 BETHANIA. – Name of two localities in Palestine. 1) Village near Jerusalem on the eastern slope of the Mount of Olives, 15 stadia (approx. 2,800 m) from…
Bethany(BETANIA)Vol. II, p. 875 BETANIA : v. BETHANIA.
Bethel (Hebrew Bēth-'Ēl = "House of God")(BETHEL (EBR. BĚTH-'ĚL = « CASA DI DIO »))Vol. II, p. 876 BETHEL (Hebr. Běth-'ěl = “house of God”). - The name given by Giacobbe to the place where he had the vision of the ladder and the angels while he was going to…
Bethencourt, Pedro de San José de, Venerable(BÉTHENCOURT, PEDRO DE SAN JOSÉ DE, VENERABILE)Vol. II, p. 876 BÉTHENCOURT, PEDRO de SAN JOSÉ de, venerable. – Franciscan tertiary, founder of the Bethlehemites suppressed by the Cortes in 1820, born at Vilaflor (Tenerife,…
Bethlehem of Galilee(BETLEMME DI GALILEA)Vol. II, p. 884 BETLEMME di GALILEA. — A city of the tribe of Zabulon. In Jos. 19:15, among the cities assigned to this tribe, a locality named B. is mentioned (LXX: A Βαυθάμ,…
Bethlehem, Apostolic Vicariate of(BETLEMME, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. II, p. 884 BETLEMME, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. - It was erected in 1948 from the western area of the apostolic vicariate of Kroonstad (South Africa), where the Dutch…
Bethlehem, Society for Foreign Missions of(BETLEMME, SOCIETÀ PER LE MISSIONI ESTERE DI)Vol. II, p. 884 BETLEMME, SOCIETÀ PER LE MISSIONI ESTERE di. — This is the Swiss institute for foreign missions based in Immensee. It was founded, on the remnants of a…
Bethlehemites(BETLEMITI)Vol. II, p. 880 BETLEMITI. – Chivalric Orders and Religious Congregations. I. – This name is borne by certain chivalric orders, including the order of the B. at Cambridge in…
Bethlen, GáborVol. II, p. 876 BETHLEN, GÁBOR. — Prince of Transylvania, born in 1580 into a very ancient Hungarian family, died in 1629. He spent his youth at the court of Sigismondo…
Bethoron (Hebrew Hab-Bithrōn)(BETHORON (EBR. HAB-BITHRÓN))Vol. II, p. 877 BETHORON (Heb. hab-Bithrón). — Name of a district, probably a valley, to be sought east of the Jordan (II Sam. 2:29), and of a twin city (upper and lower),…
Bethphage (Hebrew Beth = "House"; Paggim = "Unripe Figs")(BETHPHAGE (EBR. BETH = « CASA »; PAGGIM = « FICHI NON MATURI »))Vol. II, p. 877 BETHPHAGE (Hebr. beth = "house"; paggim = "unripe figs"). - Village to which Jesus sent two of his disciples to fetch the donkey upon which he made his…
BethsaidaVol. II, p. 877 BETHSAIDA – Today et-Tell on the northern shore of the lake of Genesareth, east of the mouth of the Jordan. From the «Itineraries» it appears that, as early as…
Bethsaida (Aramaic: "House of the Fisherman")(BETHSAIDA (ARAMAICO: « CASA DELLA PESCA »))Vol. II, p. 877 BETHSAIDA (Aramaic: “house of fishing”). — A locality in Galilee, homeland of Filippo, Andrea, and Pietro (Io. 1:44; 12:21). In Mc. 8:23, 26, B. is presented…
Bethsaida (Bethesda, Bezatha, Bethzatha)Vol. II, p. 878 BETHSAIDA (Bethesda, Bezatha, Bethzatha). — Pool of Jerusalem, near which Jesus healed the man who had been paralysed for 38 years (Io. 5, 1-9). The Greek text…
Bethshemesh (Hebrew Bēth-Ēmef = "House of the Sun")(BETHSAMES (EBR. BÉTH-ÉMEF « CASA DEL SOLE »))Vol. II, p. 878 BETHSAMES (Hebrew Béth-šemeš "house of the sun"). - Name of three Palestinian localities. 1. - Priestly city on the northern border of the tribe of Judah…
BethsurVol. II, p. 879 BETHSUR. – Palestinian city (Heb. Beth-šūr, “house of the cliff”), Gr. Βεθαούρ(α), Arabic Bejt Šūr. It belonged to the tribe of Judah (Jos. 15:58; cf. I Par.…
Bethulia (Greek Βαθθαούρ with variants)(BETHULIA (GR. ΒΑΤΘΑΟΎΡ CON VARIANTI))Vol. II, p. 879 BETHULIA (Gr. Βατθαούρ, with variants). — The place where Giuditta lived, situated on a mountain with a spring at its foot, overlooking the plain of Dothain.…
Betilo(BETĪLO)Vol. II, p. 879 BETĪLO. – The current etymology derives from the Hebrew bēth-ēl “house of El (God),” rendered in Greek as βατθαός, βατθάλον, and in Latin as baetilos. This…
Betrothal(FIDANZAMENTO)Vol. V, p. 749 FIDANZAMENTO: v. SPONSALI.
Betrothal(SPONSALI)Vol. XI, p. 700 SPONSALI. — This is the act by which the parties mutually bind themselves to contract marriage with each other at a later time, that is, the bilateral promise…
Bettazzi, RodolfoVol. II, p. 884 BETTAZZI, RODOLFO. — Teacher, educator, and apostle of action in the defense of morality, born in Florence on 14 November 1861, died in Turin on 26 January…
Betti, BernardinoVol. II, p. 884 BETTI, BERNARDINO: v. PINTURICCHIO.
Bettiah, Former Apostolic Prefecture of(BETTIAH, EX PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. II, p. 884 BETTIAH, EX PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA di. — Apostolic prefecture erected in 1892, to whose territory the entire kingdom of Nepal was annexed the following year.…
Bettinelli, SaverioVol. II, p. 885 BETTINELLI, SAVERIO. – Jesuit and man of letters, born in Mantova on 18 July 1718, died there on 13 September 1808. He entered the Society in 1736 and taught…
Betting and Gambling(SCOMMESSA E GIUOCHI D'AZZARDO)Vol. XI, p. 101 BET and GAMBLING. — A bet is an aleatory bilateral contract by which two persons, disagreeing about the truth or outcome of something, promise each other a…
Bettinger, FranziskusVol. II, p. 885 BETTINGER, FRANZISKUS. - Cardinal, b. at Landstuhl (Palatinate), 17 Sept. 1850, d. 13 Apr. 1917 at Munich. Ordained priest in 1873, he devoted himself to the…
Bettini (Bertieri), AntonioVol. II, p. 885 BETTINI (BERTIERI), ANTONIO. — Jesuat bishop, born in Siena in June 1396, died there on 22 October 1487. He earned a doctorate in canon law at Siena and taught…
Bettini, ElenaVol. II, p. 885 BETTINI, ELENA. – Foundress of the Institute of the Daughters of Divine Providence (v.), b. in Rome on 6 Jan. 1814, d. there on 21 Dec. 1894. She devoted her…
BettonaVol. II, p. 885 BETTONA. - An ancient episcopal city of Umbria, in the province of Perugia. It is the Umbrian-Etruscan Vettona. A famous legend of Umbrian hagiography, written…
Beudin, CorneilleVol. II, p. 886 BEUDIN, CORNEILLE. - Jesuit missionary, b. at Gravelines (now in French Flanders, then in the Catholic Netherlands) in 1615, d. for the faith at Papigochic…
BeuronVol. II, p. 886 BEURON. — Archabbey of St. Martin (Hohenzollern, Germany). From 1077 it was a priory of Lateran Canons; it subsequently became an abbey in 1687 and was…
Beust, Friedrich FerdinandVol. II, p. 886 BEUST, FRIEDRICH FERDINAND. – Protestant diplomat and politician, born in Dresden on 13 January 1809, died at Altenberg on 24 December 1886. After obtaining a…
Beveregius, Guillelmus (Beveridge, William)(BEVEREGIUS, GUILLELMUS (BEVERIDGE WILLIAM))Vol. II, p. 887 BEVEREGIUS, GUILLELMUS (BEVERIDGE WILLIAM). – English Protestant theologian and Orientalist; b. at Banow (Leicestershire) in 1638, d. 3 March 1708. He belonged…
Bevignate (Bevignate)Vol. II, p. 888 BEVIGNATE (BEVIGNATE). - Benedictine, architect, b. at Perugia around 1240, d. perhaps a nonagenarian. In 1277 he is mentioned together with Nicola and…
Beyzym, JanVol. II, p. 888 BEYZYM, JAN. – Polish Jesuit, missionary, and victim of charity, b. at Beyzym in Pedolia on 15 May 1850; he entered the novitiate at Staravies on 11 Dec. 1872…
Beza, TeodoroVol. II, p. 888 BEZA, TEODORO. – Protestant scholar (Théodore de Bèze), disciple and collaborator of Calvin, born at Vézelay (Burgundy) on 24 June 1519, died at Geneva on 13…
Bezalel (Hebrew Bēṣal'ēl, "In the Shadow of God")(BESELEEL (EBR. BĒṢAL'ĒL, « ALL'OMBRA DI DIO »))Vol. II, p. 866 BESELEEL (Hebr. Bēṣal'ēl, “in the shadow of God”). — Son of Uri, of the tribe of Judah, he was the principal craftsman (Ex. 31:1–11; 35:30–35; 37:1–38) of the…
Bezetha (Βηζαθα, Βηζεθα, Βεσαθη)Vol. II, p. 889 BEZETHA (βηζαθα, βηζεθα, βεσαθη). - The highest of the 4 hills of Jerusalem mentioned by Flavio Giuseppe (Bell. Iud., II, 11, 6; 15, 5; 19, 4; V, 4, 2; 5, 8;…
Bezwada, Diocese of(BEZWADA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 890 BEZWADA, DIOCESE of. — In India, suffragan to Madras, it comprises the civil districts of Kistna and western Godaveri, together with three districts of eastern…
Bhagavadgītā(BHĀGAVADGĪTĀ)Vol. II, p. 890 BHĀGAVADGĪTĀ. — The “Song of the Blessed One” is a didactic poem of 700 stanzas, inserted in Book VI of the Mahābhārata, chapters 23–40 according to the…
BhaktiVol. II, p. 891 BHAKTI. — From the Sanskrit root bhaj (“to worship”), in Brahmanical and Hindu India it is the attitude of mystical devotion toward a particular divinity.…
Bhamo, Apostolic Prefecture of(BHAMO, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. II, p. 891 BHAMO, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. - It was erected in 1938 from territory detached from the vicariate of northern Burma (whose name was on that occasion changed…
BhutanVol. II, p. 891 BHUTAN. – A small Himalayan state of 50,000 sq km, enclosed between Tibet, Sikkim, and Assam; nominally independent, but in fact under British control. It is…
Bialyk, Chajim NachmanVol. II, p. 892 BIALYK, CHAJIM NACHMAN. - The greatest contemporary Jewish poet. Born at Radi (Volhynia) on 9 Jan. 1873, died at Vienna on 6 July 1934. His poetic activity…
Bianchi, AndreaVol. II, p. 892 BIANCHI, ANDREA. – Missionary and architect, b. in 1677 in northern Italy (at Chiampo near Vicenza?), he entered the Society of Jesus in Rome in 1716 as a…
Bianchi, Brothers(BIANCHI, FRATELLI)Vol. II, p. 893 BIANCHI, FRATELLI: V. FRATELLI BIANCHI.
Bianchi, Confraternity of(BIANCHI, CONFRATERNITA DEI)Vol. II, p. 892 BIANCHI, CONFRATERNITA dei. — Penitents, dressed in white, widespread in Italy during the last years of the fourteenth century. At Chieri, recounts the…
Bianchi, Francesco Saverio Maria, Blessed(BIANCHI, FRANCESCO SAVERIO MARIA, BEATO)Vol. II, p. 893 BIANCHI, FRANCESCO SAVERIO MARIA, blessed. – Barnabite, born at Arpino on 2 December 1743 and died in Naples on 31 January 1815, where he is buried in the…
Bianchi, Giovanni AntonioVol. II, p. 893 BIANCHI, GIOVANNI ANTONIO. - Man of letters, theologian, and jurist, b. at Lucca on 2 Oct. 1686 and d. at Rome on 17 Jan. 1768. He entered the Franciscan Order…
Bianchini, FrancescoVol. II, p. 893 BIANCHINI, FRANCESCO. — Born on 13 December 1662 in Verona, died on 2 March 1729 in Rome, where he went after studying in Bologna and Padua. Although he had…
Bianchini, GiuseppeVol. II, p. 894 BIANCHINI, GIUSEPPE. - Historian and archaeologist, born at Verona on 9 September 1704, died at Rome on 13 October 1764. In 1732 he entered the Congregation of…
Bianco (di Santi), Blessed, of Siena(BIANCO (DI SANTI) DA SIENA)Vol. II, p. 894 BIANCO (di SANTI) da SIENA. – Mystical poet and Jesuate, one of the most notable figures of the movement begun by b. Colombini and the finest religious lyric…
Bianconi, Giacomo, Blessed(BIANCONI, GIACOMO, BEATO)Vol. II, p. 894 BIANCONI, GIACOMO, blessed. - Born on 7 March 1220 at Bevagna, where he died on 22 Aug. 1301; he entered the Dominicans in 1236 at Spoleto and studied at…
Biard, PierreVol. II, p. 894 BIARD, PIERRE. — French Jesuit, one of the initiators of the missions of the Society in “New France.” Born in Grenoble in 1567 and entering religious life in…
Bibiena, Family of(BIBIENA, FAMIGLIA)Vol. II, p. 918 BIBIENA, FAMIGLIA. – Architects and theatrical decorators, bearing the surname Galli and originating from Bibbiena. The founder of the family was GIOVANNI…
Bible(BIBBIA)Vol. II, p. 895 BIBLE. - A collection of books considered sacred, differing in number between Jews and Christians. CONTENTS: I. Names and divisions. - II. Sacred character. -…
BibliVol. II, p. 579 BIBLI. Una storia critica delle edizioni generali di s. B. fu intrapresa da D. Amand, in Revue Bénédictine, 52 (1940), pp. 140-161; 53 (1941), pp. 119-51; 54…
Biblia PauperumVol. II, p. 918 BIBLIA PAUPERUM. – A devotional book containing representations of the principal scenes from the life of Jesus, depicted, according to the medieval concept and…
Biblical(BIBLICA)Vol. II, p. 919 BIBLICA. - Quarterly journal of the Pontifical Biblical Institute of Rome (v.) Announced among the aims of the new institution from its very beginnings, its…
Biblical Anthropomorphism(ANTROPOMORFISMO BIBLICO)Vol. I, p. 949 BIBLICAL ANTHROPOMORPHISM. — This is the representation of God found in the sacred books, especially the Old Testament, in “human form,” either with bodily…
Biblical Archaeology(ARCHEOLOGIA BIBLICA)Vol. I, p. 1063 BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY. - The science of biblical antiquities, that is, of the civilization of the Hebrew people during the time of the Old and New Testaments.…
Biblical Canon(CANONE BIBLICO)Vol. III, p. 334 CANONE BIBLICO: v. BIBLIA.
Biblical Chains(CATENE BIBLICHE)Vol. III, p. 658 BIBLICAL CATENAE. — A title, neither original nor appropriate, given to commentaries on the Bible composed of excerpts from various authors. The earliest…
Biblical Chronology(CRONOLOGIA BIBLICA)Vol. IV, p. 600 CRONOLOGIA BIBLICA. — A) VECCHIO TESTAMENTO. — Since the Old Testament is not a history book that presents events systematically and in chronological order, it…
Biblical Concordances(CONCORDANZE BIBLICHE)Vol. IV, p. 127 BIBLICAL CONCORDANCES. — Collections, arranged in alphabetical order, of the various words or ideas of the Bible. The individual words or ideas are given in…
Biblical Correctors (Correctoria Biblica)(CORRETTORI BIBLICI (CORRECTORIA BIBLICA))Vol. IV, p. 382 BIBLICAL CORRECTORIA (Correctoria biblica). — Critical works undertaken in the 13th–15th centuries to eliminate from the codices of the Vulgate (v.) the errors…
Biblical Cosmogony(COSMOGONIA BIBLICA)Vol. IV, p. 415 COSMOGONIA BIBLICA: v. ESAMERONE.
Biblical Cosmography(COSMOGRAFIA BIBLICA)Vol. IV, p. 415 BIBLICAL COSMOGRAPHY. — The ancient Hebrews held ideas concerning the structure of the world that were consonant with those then widespread in the East. They…
Biblical Criticism(CRITICA BIBLICA)Vol. IV, p. 548 BIBLICAL CRITICISM. — Criticism, or the art of distinguishing the true from the false, when applied to a literary work seeks to establish its authenticity (who…
Biblical Exegesis(ESEGESI BIBLICA)Vol. V, p. 355 ESEGESI BIBLICA: v. INTERPRETAZIONE.
Biblical Interpretation(INTERPRETAZIONE BIBLICA)Vol. VII, p. 84 BIBLICAL INTERPRETATION. – The science that studies and sets forth the principles and rules for rightly understanding the Bible; it is called hermeneutics,…
Biblical Introduction(INTRODUZIONE BIBLICA)Vol. VII, p. 92 BIBLICAL INTRODUCTION. - The science that provides the knowledge necessary for reading and interpreting the Bible (v.). The name «i.» was first used in the…
Biblical Senses(SENSI BIBLICI)Vol. XI, p. 214 BIBLICAL SENSES. — “Sense” is the meaning assumed by a given sentence considered within its context, or the thing expressed in that sentence on the…
Biblical Studies(ESTUDIOS BÍBLICOS)Vol. V, p. 407 ESTUDIOS BÍBLICOS. - Organ of the A(sociación para el) F(omento de los) E(studios) B(íblicos en) E(spaña), Madrid. Quarterly publication of biblical research.…
Bibliographic Classification, Systems of(CLASSIFICAZIONE BIBLIOGRAFICA, SISTEMI DI)Vol. III, p. 1039 CLASSIFICAZIONE BIBLIOGRAFICA, SISTEMI by. — The need for a systematic arrangement of bibliographic material for the purpose of immediate retrieval gave rise…
Biblische ZeitschriftVol. II, p. 936 BIBLISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT. - A journal of biblical studies, published from 1903 by the Herder publishing house in Friburgo in Brisgovia, in connection with the…
Bicchieri, GualaVol. II, p. 937 BICCHIERI, GUALA. - Cardinal, born at Vercelli around the middle of the 12th century, died at Rome on 31 May 1227. While still very young, he entered the…
Bichi, AlessandroVol. II, p. 937 BICHI, ALESSANDRO. - Cardinal, b. at Siena in 1596, d. at Rome in 1657. In 1628 he was elected bi- shop of Isola and sent as nuncio to Naples with the…
Bichi, VincenzoVol. II, p. 937 BICHI, VINCENZO. - Cardinal, b. in Siena in 1668, d. in Rome in 1750. In 1703 he was sent as nuncio to Switzerland and thence, in 1709, to Portugal. At first…
Bichier Des Ages, Jeanne Elisabeth, Saint(GIOVANNA ELISABETTA BICHIER DES AGES, SANTA)Vol. VI, p. 315 GIOVANNA ELISABETTA BICHIER des AGES, saint. — Co-foundress of the Daughters of the Cross, known as the Sisters of S. Andrea, born on 5 July 1773 in the…
Bickell, GustavVol. II, p. 937 BICKELL, GUSTAV. - Orientalist, born Protestant on 7 July 1838 at Kassel, died on 15 Jan. 1906 at Vienna. In 1862 he became lecturer in Semitic philology at…
Biddle, GiovanniVol. II, p. 938 BIDDLE, GIOVANNI. – English Protestant, called the “Father of the English Unitarians,” b. at Wotton-Under-Edge (Gloucestershire), d. in London in 1662. Having…
Bidermann, JakobVol. II, p. 938 BIDERMANN, JAKOB. – German Jesuit and man of letters, the most representative author of the celebrated “Jesuit theatre,” born at Ehingen (Württemberg) in 1578,…
Biebuyck (Bibautx, Bibaut, Bibance), GuillaumeVol. II, p. 938 BIEBUYCK (BIBAUTX, BIBAUT, BIBANCE), GUILLAUME. - General (36th) of the Carthusian Order, d. 24 July 1535. B. at Thielt, in Flanders. Around 1500 he took the…
BiedaVol. II, p. 938 BIEDA. – An ancient episcopal city of Latium, in the province of Viterbo, situated on a tuffaceous plateau at the confluence of the Biedano stream and the Rio…
Biederlack, JosephVol. II, p. 939 BIEDERLACK, JOSEPH. - Jesuit, b. at Greven (Westphalia) on 27 March 1845, d. at Innsbruck on 15 Nov. 1930. Professor in the theological faculty of Innsbruck…
Biedermann, Alois EmanuelVol. II, p. 939 BIEDERMANN, ALOIS EMANUEL. - Swiss Protestant theologian, b. at Bendlikon near Winterthur on 2 March 1819 and d. at Zurich on 25 Jan. 1885. In 1837 he studied…
Biel, GabrielVol. II, p. 939 BIEL, GABRIEL. — German theologian and philosopher, known as “the last of the Scholastics.” Born in Speyer between 1410 and 1425, died at Schönbuch in 1495. He…
Biella, Diocese of(BIELLA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 939 BIELLA, DIOCESI di. – City of Piedmont, province of Vercelli, called in documents Buiella or Bugella. It was erected as a diocese by Clement XIV, at the…
Biester, Johann ErichVol. II, p. 941 BIESTER, JOHANN ERICH. – Philosopher, born in Lübeck on 17 November 1749, died in Berlin on 20 February 1816. He belonged to the circle of Mendelssohn and…
Biffi, EugenioVol. II, p. 941 BIFFI, EUGENIO. — Of the Institute of the Foreign Missions of Milan, bishop of Cartagena (Colombia). Born in Milan on 22 December 1829, he was a seminarian in…
Biffi, Gian AndreaVol. II, p. 941 BIFFI, GIAN ANDREA. — Sculptor, active in Milan, where he died in 1631. A pupil of Brambilla, he adhered to the prevailing Mannerist taste. From 1599 to 1629…
BiforaVol. II, p. 941 BIFORA. — This is the name given to any window with two adjoining openings, generally divided by a small column and enclosed within a single architectural…
Bigamy(BIGAMIA)Vol. II, p. 941 BIGAMIA. - I. NOZIONI GENERALI. - Con questo nome (etimologicamente: « doppia nuzialità ») si indicano, in teologia e in diritto canonico, vari fatti (fot.…
Bigandet, Paul-AmbroiseVol. II, p. 945 BIGANDET, PAUL-AMBROISE. – Apostolic vicar of Southern Burma, born at Malans (France) on 13 August 1813, he entered the Paris Foreign Missions in 1836 and…
Bigard, Jeanne E StephanieVol. II, p. 945 BIGARD, JEANNE and STEPHANIE. - Mother and daughter, founders of the “Work of St. Peter the Apostle for the Indigenous Clergy.” The mother, Stefania, was born…
Bigarelli, GuidoVol. II, p. 945 BIGARELLI, GUIDO: v. GUIDO da COMO.
Biglia (de Bilis), AndreaVol. II, p. 945 BIGLIA (DE BILIS), ANDREA. - Theologian and humanist, b. in Milan around 1395, d., apparently, in the last months of 1435. While still a boy he entered the…
Biglia, MelchiorreVol. II, p. 945 BIGLIA, MELCHIORRE. - Apostolic nuncio, b. in Milano, d. in Praga in Apr. 1571. Of an ancient and noble family, he was a friend of Card. Gian Angelo de'…
Bigoni, AngeloVol. II, p. 945 BIGONI, ANGELO. - Theologian, preacher, and prolific ascetical writer of the Conventual Minors, b. at Corfù on 17 February 1779, d. at Padova, in the…
Bihlmeyer, KarlVol. II, p. 946 BIHLMEYER, KARL. – Dean of the Faculty of Catholic Theology at the University of Tübingen, born in 1874, died there on 27 March 1942. He studied at that…
Bikoro, Apostolic Prefecture of(BIKORO, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. II, p. 946 BIKORO, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. - On 10 Sept. 1926 the first Lazarists arrived at B. (Belgian Congo) to evangelize the district of the same name, situated…
Bildt, Carl Nils DanielVol. II, p. 946 BILDT, CARL NILS DANIEL. — Swedish diplomat and historian, b. in Stockholm on 15 May 1850, d. on 26 January 1931 in Rome. Ambassador of Sweden to the Quirinal…
Bilio, LuigiVol. II, p. 946 BILIO, LUIGI. - Cardinal, b. 25 March 1826 at Alessandria (Piemonte), d. 30 Jan. 1884 at Rome. Of a very poor family (his father was a shoemaker, his mother a…
Bilivert (Biliverti), GiovanniVol. II, p. 946 BILIVERT (BILIVERTI), GIOVANNI. — Painter, born, according to some, in Maastricht, but more probably in Florence to a Flemish father in 1576; died in Florence…
Billerbeck, PaulVol. II, p. 946 BILLERBECK, PAUL. — German exegete, born in 1853, died in Frankfurt an der Oder, where he was a Protestant pastor, on 23 December 1932. From 1906 he devoted…
Billia, Lorenzo MichelangeloVol. II, p. 946 BILLIA, LORENZO MICHELANGELO. – Philosopher, born in Cuneo on 1 December 1860, died in Florence on 10 April 1924. Having joined Morando in defending the…
Billiart, Marie-Rose-Julie, Blessed(BILLIART, MARIE-ROSE-JULIE, BEATA)Vol. II, p. 947 BILLIART, MARIE-ROSE-JULIE, blessed. - Foundress of the Sisters of Our Lady of Namur (v.), born of a humble family on 12 July 1751 at Cuvilly near Compiègne,…
Billik, EberhardVol. II, p. 947 BILLIK, EBERHARD. - Carmelite theologian, born in Cologne in 1499–1500 and died on 12 Jan. 1557. His family name was Steinberger. Professor in Cologne and…
Billiton, Islands(BILLITON, ISOLE)Vol. II, p. 947 BILLITON, ISOLE: v. BANKA e BILLITON, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA di.
Billot, LouisVol. II, p. 947 BILLOT, LOUIS. — An eminent figure among modern theologians, born at Sierck (Metz) on 12 January 1846 and died at Galloro (Rome) on 18 December 1931. He…
Billotet, Édouard(BILLOTET, EDOUARD)Vol. II, p. 947 BILLOTET, EDOUARD. - French missionary, who died for the faith. Born at Villefrancon (Haute-Saône) on 3 May 1812; ordained priest in 1836, he was vicar at…
Billuart, Charles-RenéVol. II, p. 948 BILLUART, CHARLES-RENÉ. — Thomist theologian, born at Revin on the Meuse (Ardennes) on 8 January 1685, died there on 20 January 1757. He became a Dominican…
Bilocation(BILOCAZIONE)Vol. II, p. 948 BILOCAZIONE. — From the Latin bis and locatio, the simultaneous presence of a person in two different places. Among the prodigious phenomena with which…
BilychnisVol. II, p. 948 BILYCHNIS. - Monthly journal of religious studies, published in Roma from 1912 to 1930 (its emblem, the b., a Roman catacomb lamp with a double wick and a…
Bina, AndreaVol. II, p. 948 BINA, ANDREA. - Cassinese Benedictine of the abbey of Polirone (Mantua), b. in Milan in 1724, d. there on 8 March 1792. He taught philosophy in the monasteries…
Binago, LorenzoVol. II, p. 948 BINAGO, LORENZO. — Barnabite, architect, born and died in Milan (1556–1629). His most significant work is the reconstruction of S. Alessandro in Milan, in…
Bination(BINAZIONE)Vol. II, p. 948 BINAZIONE. – It is the celebration of two Masses on the same day by the same priest. I. CENNI STORICI. - Istituendo il S. Sacrificio, Gesù non stabilì il…
Binbirkilise (Bin Bir Kilise, "One Thousand and One Churches")(BINBIRKILISA (BIN BIR KILLSÂ, «MILLE E UNA CHIESA»))Vol. II, p. 949 BINBIRKILISA (Bin bir killsâ, “A Thousand and One Churches”). — This is the name given to the ruins of an ancient Byzantine city in Lycaonia (Asia Minor),…
Bindi, EnricoVol. II, p. 950 BINDI, ENRICO. — Bishop, writer, born at Canapale (Pistoia) on 29 September 1812, died at Pistoia on 3 June 1876. For 24 years, until 1856, he was an…
Binding(LEGATURA)Vol. VII, p. 630 LEGATURA. — By l. is meant the art of sewing the gatherings of a book firmly together and enclosing them between two boards of solid material in order to…
