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843 articles · English index · Indice italiano

Ferdinand II, Emperor (FERDINANDO II, IMPERATORE) Vol. V, p. 703
FERDINANDO II, EMPEROR. — Firstborn of Carlo, archduke of Styria, and of Maria, sister of the duke of Bavaria, born at Graz on 9 July 1578, died at Vienna on…
Ferdinand III, Emperor (FERDINANDO III, IMPERATORE) Vol. V, p. 703
FERDINANDO III, EMPEROR. — Born on 13 July 1608 in Graz, died on 2 April 1657. The eldest son of Ferdinando II and Maria Anna, princess of Bavaria. Elected and…
Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany (FERDINANDO III, GRANDUCA DI TOSCANA) Vol. V, p. 704
FERDINANDO III, grand duke of TOSCANA. – Born in Florence on 6 May 1769, died there on 18 June 1824. The second-born son of Pietro Leopoldo of…
Ferdinand III, King of Naples (FERDINANDO III, RE DI NAPOLI) Vol. V, p. 704
FERDINANDO III, king of NAPLES: v. FERDINANDO II Cattolico, II (V) d'ARAGONA.
Ferdinand III, the Saint, King of Castile and León (FERDINANDO III, IL SANTO, RE DI CASTIGLIA E DI LEÓN) Vol. V, p. 701
FERDINANDO III, the Saint, king of CASTILE and LEÓN. — Born in 1199, son of Alfonso IX of León and Berenguela of Castile, king of Castile from 1217 and of León…
Ferdinand IV, King of Naples (FERDINANDO IV, RE DI NAPOLI) Vol. V, p. 704
FERDINANDO IV, king of NAPLES: v. FERDINANDO I di Borbone, king of the TWO SICILIES, IV of NAPLES, III of SICILY.
Ferdinand of Bavaria (FERDINANDO DI BAVIERA) Vol. V, p. 701
FERDINANDO of BAVARIA. — Archbishop and prince-elector of Saxony, b. in Munich on 7 October 1577, d. in Arnsberg on 13 September 1650. He completed his studies…
Ferdinand of Jesus (FERDINANDO DI GESÙ) Vol. V, p. 703
FERDINANDO of Jesus. — Discalced Carmelite theologian, in the world Ferd. Jimenez de Benalcázar, born in 1571 in Baeza (Andalusia), died there on 15 May 1644.…
Ferdinand the Catholic II (V), of Aragon (III of Naples, II of Sicily) (FERDINANDO, IL CATTOLICO, II (V) D'ARAGONA (III DI NAPOLI, II DI SICILIA)) Vol. V, p. 700
FERDINANDO, the Catholic, II (V) of ARAGON (III of NAPLES, II of SICILY). — B. on 10 May 1452 at Sos (Aragon), d. on 23 January 1516 at Madrigalejo (Cáceres).…
Ferdinand VII, King of Spain (FERDINANDO VII, RE DI SPAGNA) Vol. V, p. 704
FERDINANDO VII, king of SPAIN. — Born at S. Ildefonso on 13 October 1784, died at Madrid on 29 September 1833. Son of Carlo IV and Maria Luisa of Parma, F.…
Ferdinando Gonzaga, VI Duke of Mantua (FERDINANDO GONZAGA, VI DUCA DI MANTOVA) Vol. V, p. 703
FERDINANDO Gonzaga, sixth duke of MANTOVA: V. GONZAGA, FAMIOLIA.
Ferentino, Diocese of (FERENTINO, DIOCESI DI) Vol. V, p. 705
FERENTINO, DIOCESE OF. — In the province of Frosinone, immediately subject to the Holy See; area 353 sq. km.; population 55,000, of whom approximately 15,500…
Ferentum Vol. V, p. 705
FERENTUM. — The Etruscan Ferento, between the deep ravines of the Acqua and Vezzarella streams, was a prosperous city in the time of Augustus and the…
Ferguson, Adam Vol. V, p. 705
FERGUSON, ADAM. - Scottish moralist, sociologist and historian, b. at Logiereit in 1724, from 1764 FERENTINO, DIOCESI di - Panorama di F. (per cartesia del…
Feriae in Iudiciis Vol. V, p. 706
FERIAE IN IUDICIIS. - On certain days of the year procedural acts may not be performed. These dies feriati or feriae are divided: 1) into ordinary, established…
Ferments and Fermentation (FERMENTI E FERMENTAZIONE) Vol. V, p. 707
FERMENTS and FERMENTATION. — Ferments or enzymes are catalysts produced by living organisms that perform their function in the metabolism (v. FISIOLOGIA) of…
Fermo, Archdiocese of (FERMO, ARCIDIOCESI DI) Vol. V, p. 707
FERMO, ARCHDIOCESE of. – City and archdiocese in the province of Ascoli-Piceno (Marche). It extends over 1,392 sq. km. and has a population of 225,340…
Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdés, Gonzalo Vol. V, p. 710
FERNANDEZ de OVIEDO y VALDÉS, GONZALO. — Historian, b. in Madrid in 1478, d. in Valladolid in 1557. In 1513 he went to America, where he fought against the…
Fernandez, Antonio Vol. V, p. 709
FERNANDEZ, ANTONIO. - Jesuit, missionary, born in Lisbon in 1569, died in Goa on Nov. 12, 1642. In 1601 he departed for India; whence, in 1604, he went to the…
Fernandez, Domenico Vol. V, p. 709
FERNANDEZ, DOMENICO: v. NAVARRETE, DOMENICO.
Fernandez, Lucas Vol. V, p. 709
FERNANDEZ, LUCAS. – Spanish poet, born in Salamanca around 1474, died there in 1542. He held musical positions at the Cathedral and the University of…
Fernando Poo, Apostolic Vicariate of (FERNANDO POO, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI) Vol. V, p. 710
FERNANDO POO, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. — By decree of 10 October 1855, the Apostolic Prefecture of the Islands of Annobón, Corsico and F. P., belonging to…
Ferns, Diocese of (FERNS, DIOCESI DI) Vol. V, p. 710
FERNS, DIOCESE of. - In Ireland. Within its area of 3,000 sq. km., it comprises almost the whole of the county of Wexford and part of that of Wielow. It is…
Fernández de Minaya, Lope Vol. V, p. 710
FERNÁNDEZ DE MINAYA, LOPE. – Augustinian of Toledo, who lived in the 15th century. A distinguished orator, he is a classic of literature on account of the two…
Ferotin, Marius Vol. V, p. 710
FEROTIN, MARIUS. — Benedictine monk, paleographer, and historian of the liturgy, b. at Chateauneuf-sur-Rhone on 18 November 1855. He entered the monastery of…
Ferraiolo Vol. V, p. 711
FERRAIOLO. – This is a broad mantle of silk or other lightweight fabric, red, violet, or black in color, according to the rank of the person wearing…
Ferrando Vol. V, p. 711
FERRANDO. — African bishop, d. c. 546. He was a disciple of St. Fulgenzio of Ruspe, and when the latter was exiled, together with 60 other African bishops, by…
Ferrante I of Aragon (FERRANTE I D'ARAGONA) Vol. V, p. 711
FERRANTE I d'ARAGONA: v. FERDINANDO I d'ARAGONA, re di NAPOLI.
Ferrar Group (Family 13) (FERRAR, GRUPPO DI (FAMIOLIA 13)) Vol. V, p. 711
FERRAR, GRUPPO di (FAMIGLIA 13). - Group of 13 Greek manuscripts of the Gospels (H. von Soden: $I^l$ in the introduction, then $I^1$). They are the following:…
Ferrar, Nicholas Vol. V, p. 712
NICHOLAS FERRAR. - Protestant theologian, born in London in 1592, died there in 1637. Elected to Parliament in 1624, he soon withdrew from political life to…
Ferrara, Antonio da Vol. V, p. 717
FERRARA, ANTONIO da. - Poet, born in Ferrara in 1315, died there between 1371 and 1374. He is also known as A. Beccari or Del Beccaio. Little is FERRARI,…
Ferrara, Archdiocese of (FERRARA, ARCIDIOCESI DI) Vol. V, p. 712
FERRARA, ARCHDIOCESE of. — In Emilia; it lies entirely within the province of the same name, which also contains the whole diocese of Comacchio and a…
Ferrari (de Ferrari), Defendente Vol. V, p. 718
FERRARI (DE FERRARI), DEFENDENTE. - Piedmontese painter of the 16th century, whose works are known from 1500 (Assumption, Budapest Museum) to 1535 (triptych of…
Ferrari, Andrea Carlo Vol. V, p. 717
FERRARI, ANDREA CARLO. — Cardinal archbishop, b. at Lalatta di Pratopiano (Parma) on 13 Aug. 1850, d. in Milan on 2 Feb. 1921. Of humble origins, he studied at…
Ferrari, Bartolomeo, Venerable (FERRARI, BARTOLOMEO, VENERABILE) Vol. V, p. 718
FERRARI, BARTOLOMEO, venerable. - Co-founder of the Order of the Barnabites, born in Milano in 1499, died there on 25 November 1544. After a serious and…
Ferrari, Gaudenzio Vol. V, p. 718
FERRARI, GAUDENZIO. – Piedmontese painter, b. at Valduggia, near Borgosesia, around 1471 (according to others, around 1480), d. in Milan on 31 January 1546. In…
Ferrari, Giuseppe Vol. V, p. 719
FERRARI, GIUSEPPE. – Philosopher and politician, b. in Milan on 7 March 1811, d. in Rome on 1 July 1876. A disciple of Romagnosi, in 1838 he went into exile in…
Ferrari, Onorato Vol. V, p. 719
FERRARI, ONORATO. — Barnabite missionary, born in Vercelli in 1685, died there on 1 October 1755. In 1719 he departed for China as Clement XI’s ablegate. He…
Ferrari, Paolo Vol. V, p. 719
FERRARI, PAOLO. - Playwright, b. at Modena on 5 Apr. 1822, d. at Milano on 9 March 1899. The first in Italy to recognize the need for a dramatic art attentive…
Ferrari, Paolo Agostino Vol. V, p. 719
FERRARI, PAOLO AGOSTINO. - A Genoese Benedictine of the seventeenth century. He took vows in 1649 in the monastery of S. Girolamo di Cervara near Genova; some…
Ferrariensis Vol. V, p. 719
FERRARIENSIS: v. SILVESTRI, FRANCESCO.
Ferraris, Lucio Vol. V, p. 720
FERRARIS, LUCIO. - Franciscan, theologian and canonist, b. at Solero (Alessandria) on April 18, 1687, d. at Alessandria on Feb. 24, 1763. He was for many years…
Ferrata, Domenico Vol. V, p. 720
FERRATA, DOMENICO. — Cardinal, born in Gradoli (Viterbo) on 4 March 1847, died in Rome on 10 October 1914. He studied with the Jesuits in Orvieto, then at the…
Ferrata, Ercole Vol. V, p. 720
FERRATA, ERCOLE. — Sculptor, born at Pellio inferiore (Como) in 1610, died in Rome on 10 July 1686. He worked in Naples and the Abruzzi, then in Rome, where he…
Ferrazzi, Giuseppe Jacobo Vol. V, p. 721
FERRAZZI, GIUSEPPE JACOBO. – Priest and man of letters, b. at Cartigliano (Vicenza) on 20 March 1813, d. at Bassano on 3 May 1887. Persecuted by Austria and…
Ferrea Miris Modis repente Liber (MIRIS MODIS REPENTE LIBER, FERREA) Vol. VIII, p. 652
« MIRIS MODIS REPENTE LIBER, FERREA ». – Hymn of Vespers for the feast of s. Pietro in Vincoli. It consists of a single stanza taken from the hymn Felix per…
Ferreol, Jean-Joseph Vol. V, p. 721
FERREOL, JEAN-JOSEPH. — Born at Cucuron (Vaucluse) on 27 December 1808, died on 3 February 1853. Ordained a priest on 21 December 1833, he entered the Seminary…
Ferreolus, Saint (FERREOLO, SANTO) Vol. V, p. 721
FERREOLO, saint. — Bishop of Uzès in Gallia Narbonensis after 552, d. 4 Jan. 581. He laboured greatly for the reform of the clergy; he also extended his zeal…
Ferreolus, Saint, Martyr (FERREOLO, SANTO, MARTIRE) Vol. V, p. 721
FERREOLO, saint, martyr. - At the beginning of Diocletian’s persecution he was a tribune in the army at Vienne (France), where he lived together with his…
Ferrer, Bonifacio Vol. V, p. 721
FERRER, BONIFACIO. — Carthusian, brother of St. Vincenzo, born at Valencia in 1355, died in holiness at the Charterhouse of Vall de Cristo on April 29, 1417.…
Ferrer, Vincent (Ferrer), Saint (VINCENZO FERRERI (FERRER), SANTO) Vol. XII, p. 916
VINCENZO FERRERI (FERRER), saint. – Spanish Dominican, celebrated for his apostolic peregrinations and thaumaturgical power, as well as for the part he played…
Ferrer, Vincenzo Vol. V, p. 721
FERRER, VINCENZO. – Dominican philosopher and theologian, born near Trahiguera (Catalonia) on 21 July 1675, died at Albalata della Sorella (near Valencia) on…
Ferreres, Juan Bautista Vol. V, p. 722
FERRERES, JUAN BAUTISTA. – Jesuit, moral theologian, and canonist, b. at Olleria (diocese of Valencia) on 28 November 1861, d. in prison at Valencia on 28…
Ferreri, Zaccaria Vol. V, p. 722
FERRERI, ZACCARIA. - Born at Vicenza in 1479, died at Rome in 1524. A Benedictine monk and later a Carthusian, he left the cloister in order to engage in freer…
Ferrero (Ferrerius), Bonifacio Vol. V, p. 722
FERRERO (Ferrerius), BONIFACIO. — Cardinal, of the great family of the F. of Biella, from the branch of the marquises of Romagnano, born in 1476, died in Rome…
Ferrero della Marmora, Carlo Vittorio, also known as Teresio Maria (FERRERO DELLA MARMORA, CARLO VITTORIO, DETTO ANCHE TERESIO MARIA) Vol. V, p. 722
FERRERO della MARMORA, CARLO VITTORIO, also called TERESIO MARIA. - Cardinal, of the same family as the preceding figures, but of the branch of the marquises…
Ferrero, Benigna Consolata Vol. V, p. 722
FERRERO, BENIGNA CONSOLATA. - Mystic, b. in Torino on 6 Aug. 1885, d. in Como on 1 Sept. 1916. At the age of 22 she entered the monastery of the Visitation of…
Ferretti, Gabriele, Blessed (FERRETTI, GABRIELE, BEATO) Vol. V, p. 723
FERRETTI, GABRIELE, blessed. – An Observant Friar Minor, born in Ancona around 1385, died there on 12 November 1456. A descendant of a noble Anconetan family,…
Ferretti, Paolo Maria Vol. V, p. 723
FERRETTI, PAOLO MARIA. — Born at Subiaco on 3 December 1866, died at Bologna on 23 May 1938. A Benedictine monk at Genoa, he later became abbot (1900) at…
Ferretti, Pietro Vol. V, p. 723
FERRETTI, PIETRO. - Economist and politician, b. in Ancona on 15 July 1790, d. in Florence on 1 Apr. 1858. Brother of Card. Gabriele and cousin of Pio IX, he…
Ferri, Ciro Vol. V, p. 723
FERRI, CIRO. – Painter, born in Rome in 1634, where he died on 13 September 1689. He was a pupil and collaborator of Pietro Berrettini da Cortona. Under his…
Ferri, Enrico Vol. V, p. 724
FERRI, ENRICO. - Jurist, born at San Benedetto Po (Mantova) on 25 February 1856, died at Roma on 12 May 1929. He studied at the University of Bologna,…
Ferri, Luigi Vol. V, p. 724
FERRI, LUIGI. – Philosopher, born in Bologna on 15 June 1826, died in Rome on 19 March 1895. He completed his early studies in his native city and continued…
Ferrini, Contardo, Blessed (FERRINI, CONTARDO, BEATO) Vol. V, p. 724
FERRINI, CONTARDO, blessed. — Jurist, born in Milan on 5 April 1859, died at Suna (Novara) on 5 October 1902. He graduated in law at Pavia in 1880, with a…
Ferron-Vrau, Camille (FERON-VRAU, CAMILLE) Vol. V, p. 710
FERON-VRAU, CAMILLE. — Born in Tourcoing on 23 July 1831, died in Lille on 30 March 1908. A physician, he founded for doctors the Association of St Luke and…
Ferrucci Family (FERRUCCI, FAMIGLIA) Vol. V, p. 726
FERRUCCI, FAMIGLIA. – Family of sculptors (15th and 16th centuries) originating in Fiesole. The following are particularly worthy of mention:
Fertility Rites (FECONDITÀ, RITI DI) Vol. V, p. 654
FECONDITÀ, RITI di: v. RITO.
Ferula Vol. V, p. 727
FERULA. – In the Middle Ages it was the bishop’s pastoral staff, of which there is evidence from the 3rd century (PL 132, 970; 136, 907). It constituted the…
Ferus, Giovanni (Wild) (FERUS GIOVANNI (WILD)) Vol. V, p. 727
FERUS GIOVANNI (WILD). – Observant Friar Minor, celebrated preacher, born on 24 June 1495 in Swabia, died in 1554 at Mainz. He entered religious life in 1515;…
Fesch, Joseph Vol. V, p. 727
FESCH, JOSEPH. - Cardinal, b. 3 Jan. 1763 at Ajaccio, d. 13 May 1839 at Rome. Son of Angela Maria Pietra Santa who, widowed by Giuseppe Ramolino, married…
Fesl, Michael Joseph Vol. V, p. 728
FESL, MICHAEL JOSEPH. — Philosopher, born in Prague in 1788, died in Vienna in 1863; disciple of B. Bolzano, editor of his works, and disseminator of his…
Fessler, Joseph Vol. V, p. 728
FESSLER, JOSEPH. - Bishop, historian, and canonist, b. at Lochau (Voralberg) on 2 Dec. 1813; d. at St. Pölten (near Vienna) on 25 Apr. 1872. Ordained priest in…
Festa Vol. V, p. 728
FESTA: v. PRECETTO FESTIVO.
Festa, Costanzo Vol. V, p. 728
FESTA, COSTANZO. — Musician, born in the diocese of Torino (as is shown by a motu proprio of Leone X, dated 1 November 1517), around 1465, died in Roma on 10…
Festivis Resonent Carmina Vocibus Vol. V, p. 730
«FESTIVIS RESONENT CARMINA VOCI- BUS». - This is the Vespers hymn for the feast of the Most Precious Blood, probably composed by Mons. L. Tripopi when that…
Festus, Roman Senator (FESTO, SENATORE ROMANO) Vol. V, p. 730
FESTO, Roman senator. — Consul in 472, he went over to Teodorico after the battle of the Adda in 490. At the beginning of 497, at the head of a mission, he…
Festus, Saint, Martyr (FESTO, SANTO, MARTIRE) Vol. V, p. 730
FESTUS, saint, martyr: v. GENNARO and COMPANIONS, saints, martyrs.
Fetha Nagast Vol. V, p. 730
FETHA NAGAST: v. IBN AL ASSAL.
Fetishism (FETICISMO) Vol. V, p. 730
FETICISM. — The term fetico (enchantment, amulet), a word derived from the Latin factitius (cf. Italian fattura), was applied by the Portuguese, who reached…
Fetvá (FETVÀ) Vol. V, p. 735
FETVÀ. — Turkish pronunciation of the Arabic fatva, a technical term denoting a legal opinion issued by a mufti or a jurist of renown in response to a question…
Feud (FAIDA) Vol. V, p. 588
FAIDA. — From the German Fehde, it was known in Lombard laws by the term inimicitia or elsewhere by the expression vindicta parentum. It represents the…
Feudal Education (FEUDALE, EDUCAZIONE) Vol. V, p. 735
FEUDALE, EDUCAZIONE: V. CAVALLERIA.
Feudalism (FEUDALESIMO) Vol. V, p. 735
FEUDALISM. – I. HISTORY. – It is the social and political regime prevailing in Western and Central Europe during the Middle Ages. Purely formal analogies make…
Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas Vol. V, p. 738
FEUERBACH, LUDWIG ANDREAS. – German philosopher, born at Landshut on 28 July 1804, son of the celebrated criminal lawyer Anselmo, died on the Rechenberg…
Feuillet, Louis Vol. V, p. 740
FEUILLET, LOUIS — Valparaiso. Drawing by P. L., engraving by P. Giffart.
Feuillée, Louis Vol. V, p. 739
FEUILLÉE, LOUIS. - Religious of the Minims, born at Mane, in Provence, in 1660, died at Marseille in 1732. A distinguished scientist, he was a botanist,…
Feziali Vol. V, p. 740
FEZIALI. — In Rome they constituted a priestly association of Latin origin, composed of twenty members, which recognized Jupiter as its patron and was the…
Fiacchi, Luigi Vol. V, p. 741
FIACCHI, LUIGI. - Priest, fabulist, known in Greek fashion as Clasio. Born at Scarperia di Mugello on 4 June 1754, died at Firenze on 25 May 1825. He taught…
Fiala Vol. V, p. 741
FIALA: V. AMPOLLA.
Fiammingo, Il Vol. V, p. 743
FIAMMINGO, IL: v. DU QUESNOY FRANÇOIS, detto il FIAMMINGO.
Fianarantsoa, Vicariate Apostolic of (FIANARANTSOA, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI) Vol. V, p. 743
FIANARANTSOA, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE. — On the island of Madagascar; it was erected on 10 May 1913, with territory detached from the Apostolic Vicariate of…
Fiandino, Ambrogio Vol. V, p. 744
FIANDINO, AMBROGIO : V. FIANDINO, AMBROGIO.
Fibbia Vol. V, p. 744
FIBBIA : V. FORMALE. FIBULA. – The Latin term “f.” (in Greek περόνη, πάρτη, δαντή) denotes both the safety pin and the clasp or belt buckle. Archaeologists…
Fibula Vol. V, p. 744
FIBULA – F. in the form of a bird in gold filigree à pomme. Merovingian art (6th century) – Paris, collection of Countess de Behaque. Circulation. Elementary…
Fichte, Immanuel Hermann Vol. V, p. 744
FICHTE, IMMANUEL HERMANN. - Thinker, b. at Jena on 18 July 1796, d. at Stuttgart on 8 Aug. 1879, son of Johann Gottlieb (v.), whose works he published. He…
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb Vol. V, p. 744
FICHTE, JOHANN GOTTLIEB. – Philosopher, born on 19 May 1762 at Rammenau, a small village in Upper Lusatia, died in Berlin on 29 January 1814. Of precocious…
Ficino, Marsilio Vol. V, p. 746
FICINO, MARSILIO. – Platonic philosopher and restorer of Platonism, born at Figline in Valdarno on 19 October 1433, to Ficino (abbreviation of Diotifece)…
Ficker, Kaspar Julius, von Vol. V, p. 748
FICKER, KASPAR JULIUS, von. — Jurist and historian, b. in Paderborn on 30 April 1826, d. in Innsbruck on 10 July 1902. He studied at Bonn, Münster, and Berlin,…
Ficoroni, Francesco de' Vol. V, p. 748
FICORONI, FRANCESCO de'. - Born in 1664 at Lugnano near Valmontone in Lazio, died in Rome on 1 February 1747, he was a scholar of antiquities and one of the…
Ficta (False), Music (FICTA (FALSA), MUSICA) Vol. V, p. 748
FICTA (FALSA), MUSICA. — The expression “musica falsa” certainly existed in the first half of the 13th century, since around 1250 the Pseudo-Aristotle…
Fidanza, Giovanni Vol. V, p. 749
FIDANZA, GIOVANNI: v. BONAVENTURA, saint.
Fidati, Simone da Cascina, Blessed (FIDATI, SIMONE DA CASCIA, BEATO) Vol. V, p. 749
FIDATI, SIMONE da CASCIA, blessed. - Born at Cascia about 1295; he died, it is not known whether at Florence or at Rome, on 2 February 1348. A disciple of…
Fideicommissum (FEDECOMMESSO (FIDEICOMMISSUM)) Vol. V, p. 671
FEDECOMMESSO (fideicommissum). — This is a disposition mortis causa by which an heir is instituted with the obligation of preserving and transmitting, wholly…
Fideism (FIDEISMO) Vol. V, p. 749
FIDEISMO. – A theory that exaggerates the importance and role of faith, diminishing or even rendering almost null the rights of reason, to the point of denying…
Fidelity (FEDELTÀ) Vol. V, p. 673
FEDELTÀ. – It derives from fides and has the meaning of serving fidem. It is a virtue closely akin to truthfulness, of which it may indeed be said to form a…
Fides Vol. V, p. 753
FIDES. – Monthly journal of the “Pontifical Work for the Preservation of the Faith in Rome.” Founded in 1900, when the proselytizing activity of the various…
Fides International Agency (AGENZIA INTERNAZIONALE FIDES) Vol. I, p. 284
AGENZIA INTERNAZIONALE FIDES. — An organ of missionary information, established by the General Superior Council of the Pontifical Society for the Propagation…
Fieschi, Nicola Vol. V, p. 753
FIESCHI, NICOLA. — Cardinal, of the branch of the counts of Lavagna, b. around 1456, d. 15 June 1524. He was a man of great virtue and integrity. He received…
Fieschi, Sinibaldo Vol. V, p. 753
FIESCHI, SINIBALDO: v. INNOCENZO IV, PAP.
Fieschi, Tommasina Vol. V, p. 753
FIESCHI, TOMMASINA. – Mystic, born in Genoa around 1448, died at the Acquasola in 1534. A member of the noble F. family, she was probably a distant blood…
Figurism (FIGURISMO) Vol. V, p. 773
FIGURISMO. — A system of interpreting Sacred Scripture according to which the events and figures of the Bible would be prefigurations of events and personages…
Fiji (FIGI) Vol. V, p. 755
FIJI. – An archipelago of 250 islands (80 inhabited) in the South Pacific; Viti Levu and Vanua Levu are of volcanic origin, the others coral. The tropical,…
Filagato Vol. V, p. 774
FILAGATO: v. GIOVANNI XVI, ANTIPAPA.
Filangieri, Gaetano Vol. V, p. 774
FILANGIERI, GAETANO. — Jurist, born in Naples on 22 August 1753, died at Vico Equense on 21 July 1788. He owes his fame, immense in his own time but now almost…
Filaret (Fedor), Nikitić Romanov, Patriarch of Moscow (FILARET (FEDOR), NIKITIĆ ROMANOV, PATRIARCA DI MOSCA) Vol. V, p. 775
FILARET (FEDOR), NIKITIĆ ROMANOV, patriarch of MOSCOW. — He was one of the boyars, or grandees, at the court of the last Rurikid, Teodoro (1584–98). Boris…
Filaret Gumilevskij (FILARETE GUMILEVSKIJ) Vol. V, p. 776
FILARETE GUMILEVSKIJ. – Archbishop of Černigov (1805–66), born Konobejevskij, called “humilevskij” from the Latin humilis, on account of his small stature and…
Filaret, Vasilij Michajlovič Drozdov, Metropolitan of Moscow (FILARETE, VASILIJ MICHAJLOVIĆ DROZDOV, METROPOLITA DI MOSCA) Vol. V, p. 775
FILARETE, VASILIJ MICHAJLOVIĆ DROZDOV, metropolitan of MOSCOW. — Born on 26 December 1782, died on 19 November 1867; he studied at Colomna and at the Lavra of…
Filarete Vol. V, p. 775
FILARETE. — Antonio Averlino or Averulino, known as F., Italian sculptor and architect, b. in Florence around 1400, d. after 1465. The son of a woodcarving…
Filarete of Calabria, Saint (FILARETE DI CALABRIA, SANTO) Vol. V, p. 775
FILARETE di CALABRIA, saint. — Basilian ascetic, born in Palermo in 1020 to Calabrian parents deported by the Saracens, died on 6 April 1070. His family…
Filargo, Pietro, Cardinal (FILARGO, PIETRO, CARDINALE) Vol. V, p. 776
FILARGO, PIETRO, cardinal: see ALESSANDRO V, ANTIPOPE.
Filastrius of Brescia (FILASTRIO DI BRESCIA) Vol. V, p. 776
FILASTRIO di BRESCIA. — Ecclesiastical writer of the fourth century, who died between 391 and 397. From the discourse delivered in his honor by his successor,…
Filea and Filoromo, Saints, Martyrs (FILEA E FILOROMO, SANTI, MARTIRI) Vol. V, p. 776
FILEA AND FILOROMO, saints, martyrs. - Filea, while still young, held important civil offices; wealthy, learned, and influential, he later became bishop of…
Filelfo, Francesco Vol. V, p. 777
FILELFO, FRANCESCO — Autograph letter to Ottaviano Ubaldini, by which F. sends the Consolatio ad Jacobum Marcellum patricum Venetum... de obitu Volcrt filii…
Filiation (FILIAZIONE) Vol. V, p. 778
FILIAZIONE. - It is the juridical relationship between parents and children, or the relation of childship. At the basis of the relationship of f. in natural…
Filibert, Saint (FILIBERTO, SANTO) Vol. V, p. 778
FILIBERTO, saint. — Born in 616–20, died on 20 August 685. Apostle and patron of the Vendée. Of noble family, probably originally from Eauxe, he was educated…
Filicaja, Vincenzo Da (FILICAIA, VINCENZO DA) Vol. V, p. 778
FILICAIA, VINCENZO da. - Poet, b. in Firenze on 30 Dec. 1642. Educated by the Jesuits, he pursued studies in law at Pisa, cultivated philosophy and theology,…
Filigree (FILIGRANA) Vol. V, p. 779
FILIGRANA. — I. IN ART. — This name designates a goldsmith’s work made of gold or silver wires twisted together and often interwoven to form arabesques or…
Filioque Vol. V, p. 779
« FILIOQUE ». — A term introduced by the Latin Church into the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed, ordinarily recited at Holy Mass (« Et in Spiritum Sanctum...…
Filipepi, Sandro Vol. V, p. 780
FILIPEPI, SANDRO: v. BOTTICELLI, SANDRO.
Filipović, Simeone Vol. V, p. 780
FILIPOVIĆ, SIMEONE. — Franciscan, born in Seonica in Bosnia on 30 September 1732 to a very devout family, died at Ripatransone (Italy) on 9 May 1802. He…
Filippi Vol. V, p. 782
FILIPPI. — The first city of Macedonia evangelized during the second apostolic journey by Paolo and Sila, joined on the way by Timoteo and Luca. The passage…
Filippi (Philippius), Pietro Paolo (FILIPPI (PHILIPPI[S]US), PIETRO PAOLO) Vol. V, p. 784
FILIPPI (Philippi[s]us), PIETRO PAOLO. - Dominican theologian from Castelnuovo di Garfagnana, d. rice and maize, intended for domestic consumption; sugar cane,…
Filippini Vol. V, p. 786
FILIPPINI: V. ISTITUTO DELL'ORATORIO DI S. FILIPPO NERI; ORATORIO. FILIPPO, priest attached to the monastery of S. Vito, improperly called an antipope: v.…
Filippucci, Alessandro Francesco Saverio Vol. V, p. 798
FILIPPUCCI, ALESSANDRO FRANCESCO SAVERIO. - Jesuit missionary, born at Macerata on 5 Jan. 1632, died at Macao on 15 Aug. 1692. Admitted to the Roman novitiate…
Fillastre, Guillaume Vol. V, p. 799
FILLASTRE, GUILLAUME. — Born at La Suze (Maine) around 1348. He studied law, became a priest, and was a celebrated orator. Dean of Reims in 1392. He revealed…
Fillion, Louis-Claude Vol. V, p. 800
FILLION, LOUIS-CLAUDE. — Exegete, born at St-Bonnet-de-Joux (Saône et Loire, France) on 25 June 1843, died at Issy on 12 December 1927. At the Seminary of…
Filocalo, Furio Dionisio Vol. V, p. 800
FILOCALO, FURIO DIONISIO. — A renowned calligrapher of the 4th century. His name appears at the head of the calendar with which the collection of the…
Filomarino, Ascanio Vol. V, p. 803
FILOMARINO, ASCANIO. - Archbishop of Naples, born in 1583, died in 1666. He found himself in bitter conflict with the Spanish viceroy, the Duke of Medina…
Filomarino, Francesco Maria Da Napoli Vol. V, p. 804
FILOMARINO, FRANCESCO MARIA da NAPOLI. - Capuchin theologian and preacher, b. in Napoli in 1598, d. 7 March 1683. Of the princely Filomarino family (formerly…
Filomusi Guelfi, Francesco Vol. V, p. 804
FILOMUSI GUELFI, FRANCESCO. — Italian jurist and philosopher, b. at Tocco Casauria (Abruzzo) on 21 November 1842, d. there on 22 October 1922. Professor of…
Filopanti, Quirico Vol. V, p. 807
FILOPANTI, QUIRICO: v. BARILLI, GIUSEPPE.
Fina (Seraphina), Saint (FINA (SERAFINA), SANTS) Vol. V, p. 817
FINA (SERAFINA), saints. — Virgin, born at S. Gimignano (Tuscany) in 1238 to Cambio and Imperia; she lived in the world as a model of modesty and piety,…
Final Perseverance (PERSEVERANZA FINALE) Vol. IX, p. 730
FINAL PERSEVERANCE. — This denotes the continuation of the just person (that is, of one who is already in a state of sanctifying Grace and is by now adorned…
Finality In Human Activity (FINALITÀ NELL'ATTIVITÀ UMANA) Vol. V, p. 818
PURPOSIVENESS IN HUMAN ACTIVITY. — Purposiveness is one of the most universal characteristics of reality and is therefore also one of the most universal…
Finality, Finalism (FINALITÀ, FINALISMO) Vol. V, p. 817
FINALITY, FINALISM. — By f. is understood the correspondence that a natural process or any human act has with a certain result toward which the agent tends:…
Finalpia, Abbey Of Saint (FINALPIA, BADIA DI S) Vol. V, p. 820
FINALPIA, ABBEY of S. MARIA. - In Liguria, founded by Marquis Biagio Galeotto del Cavretto in 1477, near the sanctuary that preserved the venerated ancient…
Fini, Tommaso Vol. V, p. 827
FINI, TOMMASO: V. MASOLINO DA PANICALE.
Finiguerra, Maso Vol. V, p. 827
FINIGUERRA, MASO. – Goldsmith, niello engraver, and draughtsman, b. in Florence in March 1426, d. there in Aug. 1464. A pupil of his father Antonio, he was…
Finite (FINITO) Vol. V, p. 827
FINITE. — That which has an end, that is, a “limit” in any order. A number is f. when it results from the repeated addition of the same unit; a quantity is f.,…
Finland (FINLANDIA) Vol. V, p. 828
FINLANDIA. — I. GEOGRAPHY. — The territory of F., larger than Italy (331,759 sq. km.), is roughly quadrilateral in shape, bounded by the Gulf of F. and the…
Finn, Francis Vol. V, p. 831
FINN, FRANCIS. - Jesuit, American novelist, b. at St. Louis (United States) on 4 Oct. 1859, d. at Cincinnati on 2 Nov. 1928. After a brief period of teaching…
Finnian Of Clonard (Finnian, Finlan, Findian), Saint (FINNIANO DI CLONARD (FINNIAN, FINLAN, FINDIAN), SANTO) Vol. V, p. 832
FINNIANO di CLONARD (FINNIAN, FINLAN, FINDIAN), saint. — Irish monk, born at Myshall (County Carlow) around 470, and died at Clonard in 549 or 522 (not to be…
Fintan (Findan), Saint (FINTAN (FINDAN), SANTO) Vol. V, p. 832
FINTAN (FINDAN), saint. – Benedictine, born in Leinster (Ireland) at the beginning of the ninth century, died at Rheinau in 878. Captured in a raid by the…
Fiorentini, Francesco Maria Vol. V, p. 832
FIORENTINI, FRANCESCO MARIA. — Physician from Lucca, died in 1673. Passionate about historical studies, he produced an edition of the Martyrologium…
Fiorentino, Francesco Vol. V, p. 832
FIORENTINO, FRANCESCO. – Philosopher, born in Sambiase (Catanzaro) on 1 May 1834, died in Naples on 22 December 1884. He completed his first studies in his…
Fiorenzo Di Lorenzo Vol. V, p. 833
FIORENZO di LORENZO. — Painter, born in Perugia ca. 1445, died before 1525. Educated in the traditionalist Umbrian milieu whose most authoritative…
Fiorenzuola, Agnolo (FIRENZUOLA, AGNOLO) Vol. V, p. 850
FIRENZUOLA, AGNOLO. – Man of letters, born in Florence in 1493, died in Prato on 27 June 1543. A friend of Aretino, he subsequently became a Vallombrosan monk…
Firmian, Leopold Anton Eleutherius Von Vol. V, p. 850
FIRMIAN, LEOPOLD ANTON ELEUTHERIUS VON. — Archbishop of Salzburg, born on 27 May 1679 in Munich, died on 22 October 1744 in Salzburg. Bishop of Lavant in 1718,…
Firmian, Leopold Ernst Vol. V, p. 850
FIRMIAN, LEOPOLD ERNST. — Cardinal, born in Trento on 22 September 1708, died in Passau on 13 March 1783. Appointed bishop of Seckau, he was transferred to…
Firmicus Maternus (FIRMICO MATERNO) Vol. V, p. 850
FIRMICO MATERNO. — Latin writer of the fifth century A.D., under whose name there are a treatise on astrology, of pagan character, and a Christian apologetic…
Firmilian Of Caesarea (FIRMILIANO DI CESAREA) Vol. V, p. 851
FIRMILIANO of CESAREA. - One of the most eminent figures of the episcopate of his time, he was bishop of Cesarea in Cappadocia from 230. He maintained cordial…
Firrao, Giuseppe Vol. V, p. 851
FIRRAO, GIUSEPPE. - Cardinal, b. in Napoli on 20 July 1736, d. there on 24 Jan. 1830. Namesake and relative of the Firrao (1669-1744) who played so great a…
First and Second Intention (INTENZIONE PRIMA E SECONDA) Vol. VII, p. 71
INTENZIONE PRIMA E SECONDA: v. LOGICA.
Firstborn (PRIMOGENITO) Vol. X, p. 41
PRIMOGENITO. — Every male who was the first offspring (Heb. bēkhār, synonymous with pēter rēhem, rendered exactly in the Vulgate as «qui aperit vulvam»),…
Firstfruits (PRIMIZIE) Vol. X, p. 41
PRIMIZIE (DIRITTO): v. DECIME; OBLAZIONI. PRIMIZIE. - The taking of the first fruits of the soil, sacred to the Lord like the firstborn, to be offered to the…
Fischart, Johann Vol. V, p. 851
FISCHART, JOHANN. - Writer, born at Magonza (?) in 1546, died at Strasburgo in 1590. He was the most vigorous and independent German personality of the second…
Fischer Von Erlach, Johann Bernhard (FISCHER, ERLACH JOHANN BERNHARD VON) Vol. V, p. 851
FISCHER, ERLACH JOHANN BERNHARD von. — Architect, born in Graz in 1656, died in Vienna on 5 April 1723. He was the foremost of the Austrian architects of the…
Fischer, Engelbert Lorentz Vol. V, p. 851
FISCHER, ENGELBERT LORENTZ. – German philosopher and priest, born in Aschaffenburg on 12 October 1845, died as parish priest in Würzburg on 17 January 1923. In…
Fish (PESCE) Vol. IX, p. 763
FISH. – It is one of the oldest Christian symbols. In Greek, fish is called ΙΧΘΥC, and the letters composing the word form the acrostic ΙΧΟΧC ΧΡΙCΤΟC ΘΕΟΥ ΥΙΟC…
Fishacre, Richard Vol. V, p. 851
FISHACRE, RICHARD. - Dominican theologian, d. 1248. He was the second master of his Order in Oxford and the first English Dominican to write a commentary on…
Fisher, Irving Vol. V, p. 852
FISHER, IRVING. – American economist, born at Sawgertes (New York) on 27 February 1867, died in New York on 29 April 1947. Professor of mathematics at Yale, in…
Fisher, John, Saint (FISHER, JOHN, SANTO) Vol. V, p. 852
FISHER, JOHN, saint: v. GIOVANNI FISHER, saint.
Fisherman (PESCATORE) Vol. IX, p. 762
FISHERMAN. — G. Christ said to the two fishermen Peter and Andrea: “Follow me and I will make you become fishers of men” (Mt. 4:19; Mk. 1:17; Lk. 5:10).…
Fishing and Hunting (Auceps, Venatio, Piscatio) (PESCA E CACCIA (AUCUPIUM, VENATIO, PISCATIO)) Vol. IX, p. 760
PESCA e CACCIA (aucupium, venatio, piscatio). — They are arts of capturing game and aquatic animals which, living in their native freedom and therefore without…
Fishta, Gjergj (FISHTA, GIORGIO) Vol. V, p. 852
FISHTA, GIORGIO. - Albanian Franciscan and poet, born in Zadrima on 13 Oct. 1871, died in Scutari on 30 Dec. 1940. In Bosnia he attended courses in philosophy…
Fiume Maddalena, Apostolic Prefecture of (FIUME MADDALENA, PREFEITURA APOSTOLICA DI) Vol. V, p. 856
FIUME MADDALENA, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. — The mission is situated in the northwestern regions of the Republic of Colombia and encompasses the entire…
Fiume, Diocese of (FIUME, DIOCESANI DI) Vol. V, p. 856
FIUME, Diocese of. - A city in Venezia Giulia immediately subject [to the Holy See]. It has united to it the abbatial title of S. Giacomo de Abbatia. It has an…
Fiume, Diocese of (FIUME, DIOCESI DI) Vol. V, p. 857
FIUME, DIOCESI di - Arco Romano.
Fiume, Ignatius (FIUME, IONAZIO) Vol. V, p. 856
FIUME, IONAZIO. — Dominican bishop and polemicist, b. near Aversa in 1621, d. in Naples in May 1694. A religious in Naples, professor and finally regent of the…
Five-Year Faculties (FACOLTÀ QUINQUENNALI) Vol. V, p. 585
FACOLTÀ QUINQUENNALI: v. QUINQUENNALI, FACOLTÀ.
Fixed Ideas (IDEE FISSE) Vol. VI, p. 917
IDEE FISSE: v. PSICOSI OSSESSIVA.
Flabella (FLABELLI) Vol. V, p. 857
FLABELLI. — From flabellum = fan: this name today commonly refers to the two large fans of white ostrich = peacock feathers, arranged in two tiers, supported…
Flacillo, Intrusive Bishop of Antioch (FLACILLO, VESCOVO INTRUSO DI ANTIOCHIA) Vol. V, p. 858
FLACILLO, intruded bishop of ANTIOCHIA. - D. shortly before the Council of Sardica. He was always favorable to the Arians. In 335 he presided over the Council…
Flacius (Vlacich), Matthias (FLACIO (VLACIC), MATTIA) Vol. V, p. 858
FLACIO (VLACIC), MATTIA. – Protestant scholar, known as F. Illyricus, born at Albona (Istria) on 3 March 1520, died at Frankfurt on 11 March 1575. Having…
Flagellants (FLAGELLANTI) Vol. V, p. 858
FLAGELLANTI. — The Rule of St Benedict considers the case in which it may be necessary to resort to flagellation in order to punish rebellious and guilty monks…
Flagellation (FLAGELLAZIONE) Vol. V, p. 861
FLAGELLATION. – A means of punishment, employed in various ways, inflicted by blows with a scourge or bundles of rods or flexible switches. It was widely used…
Flaget, Benoît-Joseph Vol. V, p. 862
FLAGET, BENOÎT-JOSEPH. - Born on 17 Nov. 1763 at Contournat near Billom, diocese of Clermont (France), died on 11 Feb. 1850 at Louisville. In 1783 he entered…
Flamines (FLAMINI) Vol. V, p. 862
FLAMINI. — From fiare, “to blow,” in the sense of feeding the sacrificial flame (cf. the Brahmins of ancient India, ministers of sacrifice); among the Romans…
Flaminio, Marco Antonio Vol. V, p. 862
FLAMINIO, MARCO ANTONIO. — Humanist, born at Serravalle (now Vittorio Veneto) in 1498 to the humanist Giannantonio. Esteemed by Leo X, Sadoleto, Sannazzaro,…
Flanagan, Edward Joseph Vol. V, p. 863
FLANAGAN, EDWARD JOSEPH. — Prelate and educator, b. at Roscommon (Ireland) on 13 July 1886, d. in Berlin on 15 May 1948. He emigrated to the United States in…
Flandrin, Jean-Hippolyte (FLANDRIN, JEAN-HYPPOLITE) Vol. V, p. 863
FLANDRIN, JEAN-HYPPOLITE. — Born in Lyons on 23 March 1809, died in Rome on 31 March 1864. After studying in his homeland from 1829, he went to Paris to the…
Flandrino, Ambrogio (FLANDINO, AMBROGIO) Vol. V, p. 863
FLANDINO, AMBROGIO. — Augustinian theologian, born in Naples ca. 1460, died on 24 Sept. 1531. In 1508 regent of the Bologna studium, in 1509 of that of…
Flangini, Luigi Vol. V, p. 863
FLANGINI, LUIGI. - Cardinal, b. in Venezia on 26 July 1733, d. there on 29 Feb. 1804. He belonged to a most noble family and held important offices with…
Flaubert, Gustave Vol. V, p. 863
FLAUBERT, GUSTAVE. — French writer, born in Rouen on 12 December 1821, died at Croisset on 8 May 1880. After a youth devoted to romantic impulses and exotic…
Flavia and Domitilla, Saints, Martyrs (FLAVIA E DOMITILLA, SANTE, MARTIRI) Vol. V, p. 864
FLAVIA and DOMITILLA, saints, martyrs: v. DOMITILLA, CIMITERO di.
Flavia Neapolis Vol. V, p. 864
FLAVIA NEAPOLIS: v. NABULUS.
Flavian, Saint (FLAVIANO, SANTO) Vol. V, p. 864
FLAVIANO, saint. — Patriarch of Antioch, born around 320, died in 404. He soon embraced the ascetic life. During the Arian crisis he always remained faithful…
Flavian, Saint, Patriarch of Constantinople (FLAVIANO, SANTO, PATRIARCA DI COSTANTINOPOLI) Vol. V, p. 864
FLAVIANO, saint, patriarch of COSTANTINOPOLI. - An upright and moderate man, he found himself holding the episcopate in troubled times (446–49), precisely at…
Flaviano, Virio Nicomachus (FLAVIANO, VIRIO NICOMACO) Vol. V, p. 864
FLAVIANO, VIRIO NICOMACO. - Pagan writer of the 4th century, born in 334 into a wealthy family of Apulian origin. A statesman, man of letters, historian, and…
Flavius Clemens, Saint, Martyr (FLAVIO CLEMENTE, SANTO, MARTIRE) Vol. V, p. 865
FLAVIUS CLEMENS, saint, martyr: v. CLEMENTE, CONSOLE.