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843 articles · English index · Indice italiano

Flemish, Art (FIAMMINGA, ARTE) Vol. V, p. 741
FIAMMINGA, ARTE. — The designation Flemish art refers to the complex of artistic manifestations proper to the southern Low Countries, that is, to the territory…
Flesh (CARNE) Vol. III, p. 533
MEAT: v. PURITÀ RITUALE, LEGGI della and VEGETARIANISMO (use of m. in alimentation); UOMO (in the biblical sense); SPIRITO E C. (in the ethical sense).
Flete, William Vol. V, p. 865
FLETE, WILLIAM. - Augustinian theologian, born in England at the beginning of the 14th century. Already a bachelor in the universities of his homeland, he…
Fleury, André-Hercule de Vol. V, p. 865
FLEURY, ANDRÉ-HERCULE de. — Cardinal and statesman, born at Lovède on 26 June 1653, died in Paris on 29 January 1743. Appointed almoner to Queen Maria Teresa…
Fleury, Claude Vol. V, p. 865
FLEURY, CLAUDE. – French jurist and historian, born in Paris on 6 December 1640, died there on 17 July 1723. Advocate at the Parliament (1658). Following his…
Fleury-sur-Loire, Abbey of (FLEURY-SUR-LOIR, ABBAZIA) Vol. V, p. 865
FLEURY-SUR-LOIR, abbey: v. ORLÉANS, DIOCESE of.
Fliedner, Theodor Vol. V, p. 866
FLIEDNER, THEODOR. - Founder of the Work of Deaconesses in the Evangelical Churches, b. at Eppscia (Nassau) on 21 Jan. 1800, d. at Kaiserswerth on 4 Oct. 1864.…
Flight Into Egypt (FUGA IN EGITTO) Vol. V, p. 1076
FLIGHT INTO EGYPT. – Episode in the life of Jesus, occurring after the visit of the Magi and briefly narrated in Mt. 2:13. Herod, angered because the Magi had…
Flodoard of Reims (FLODOARDO DI REIMS) Vol. V, p. 866
FLODOARDO of REIMS. - Historian, b. in 894, d. 28 March 966. He was a pupil at the archiepiscopal school of Reims, then deacon of the Cathedral and archivist.…
Flogging (FUSTIGAZIONE) Vol. V, p. 1093
FUSTIGAZIONE. — From Lat. fustigatio, punishment by the whip, rod, or scourge, made of strips of leather. It consists in beating the person subjected to it…
Flora Vol. V, p. 866
FLORA. — An ancient Italic and Roman goddess; according to Varro, of Sabine origin: indeed, her cult independent of the Roman one is documented at Agnone; at…
Floral Style (FLOREALE, STILE) Vol. V, p. 866
FLOREALE, STILE: v. LIBERTY, STILE.
Florence, Archdiocese Of (FIRENZE, ARCIDIORESI DI) Vol. V, p. 834
The Archdiocese of FIRENZE. - In Tuscany, Metropolitan (a. 1420). Suffragan dioceses: Borgo S. Sepolcro, Colle Val d'Elsa, Fiesole, Modigliana, Pistoia and…
Florens (FLORENSI) Vol. V, p. 866
FLORENSI. – The F. are a branch of the Cistercian Order, indeed the first reform introduced into the family of s. Bernardo. They were founded in Calabria in…
Florentina, Saint (FLORENTINA, SANTA) Vol. V, p. 866
FLORENTINA, saint. — Sister of St. Leander, St. Fulgentius, and St. Isidore, born in Cartagena, died around 612. In 554 she moved to Seville. Nun in a…
Florentini, Teodosio Vol. V, p. 867
FLORENTINI, TEODOSIO. - Capuchin, called “the greatest philanthropist of Switzerland,” b. at Münster (Canton Grigioni) on 23 May 1802, d. at Heiden (Appenzel)…
Florentius (FLORENZIO) Vol. V, p. 867
FLORENZIO. — An anomean bishop of Constantinople who lived in the 4th century. The scant information concerning F. is derived from Philostorgius. The date of…
Florentius, Radewijns Vol. V, p. 867
FLORENTIUS, RADEWIJNS. – Dutch mystic, born in 1350 at Leerdam, died on 24 March 1400 at Deventer. Having completed his studies at the University of Prague in…
Florentius, Saint (FIORENZO, SANTO) Vol. V, p. 832
FIORENZO, saint. - Bishop of Strasbourg, who lived in the 6th century and died about 600. The legendary element abounds in the Vitae, all of them late (from…
Florenzo of Strasbourg (FLORENZO DI STRASBURGO) Vol. V, p. 867
FLORENZO of STRASBOURG: v. FLORENZO, saint.
Floreria Apostolica Vol. V, p. 867
FLORERIA APOSTOLICA. - The f. a. is the pontifical storeroom, where the regent, a palatine official subordinate to the chief foriere of the Sacred Apostolic…
Floresta, Diocese of (FLORESTA, PESQUERRA) Vol. V, p. 867
FLORESTA, PESQUERRA: v. PESQUERRA.
Florez, Enrique Vol. V, p. 867
FLOREZ, ENRIQUE. - Augustinian, b. at Villadiego (Burgos) on 21 July 1702, d. at Madrid on 5 May 1773. A man of great virtue and most extensive learning, at…
Flori of Lyon (FLORO DI LIONE) Vol. V, p. 868
FLORO di LIONE. – Writer, d. ca. 860. At the beginning of the 9th century he was a deacon in Lyon, where he directed the Cathedral school under four successive…
Florian, Jean-Pierre-Clarie de Vol. V, p. 867
FLORIAN, JEAN-PIERRE-CLARIE de. – French writer, b. in Sauve on 6 March 1755, d. in Sceaux on 13 September 1794. In 1782 he published the comedy Les deux…
Floriano, Saint, Martyr (FLORIANO, SANTO, MARTIRE) Vol. V, p. 867
FLORIANO, saint, martyr. - He is commemorated on 4 May. The Passio has come down in two recensions: one longer, from the 8th century, the other shorter, from…
Florianopolis, Archdiocese of (FLORIANOPOLIS, ARCIDIOCESI DI) Vol. V, p. 868
FLORIANOPOLIS, ARCHDIOCESE OF. — In the State of S. Caterina in Brazil and the metropolis of the ecclesiastical province, whose boundaries are the same as…
Florida y Melo, Diocese of (FLORIDA Y MELO, DIOCESI DI) Vol. V, p. 868
FLORIDA Y MELO, DIOCESE of. — In Uruguay. It has an area of 81,000 sq. km., with 500,000 inhabitants; it comprises 26 parishes served by 21 diocesan priests…
Florin (FIORINO) Vol. V, p. 834
FIORINO. — A Gnostic of the Italian school who lived in the 2nd century. As a young man he stayed as an imperial officer in Smyrna, where he came to know St.…
Florino Vol. V, p. 868
FLORINO. - A Gnostic contemporary of Policarpo, a companion in youth of s. Ireneo (v. Ireneo, in Eusebio, Hist. eccl., V, 20, 5), at first an official at the…
Flourens, Pierre Vol. V, p. 868
FLOURENS, PIERRE. - French physiologist, b. at Thezao on 15 April 1794, d. at Montgeron on 6 December 1867. Professor at the Collège de France and at the…
Flower (FIOR) Vol. V, p. 834
FIOR. - An Arabic word that literally means “expedient,” “reasonableness.” In its earliest usage it denoted, in contrast to “ita” (“science” in the sense of…
Flowers (FIORI) Vol. V, p. 834
FIORI. - ARCHAEOLOGY. - In Minucius Felix’s Ottavio it is stated that Christians did not place crowns of f. on their heads, as the pagans did; but St. Jerome…
Flowers Of Virtue (FIORI DI VIRTÙ) Vol. V, p. 834
FIORI DI VIRTÙ. - A classic work of civic and moral education, founded on the authority of the greatest theologians and philosophers; much recommended by the…
Fludd, Robert Vol. V, p. 868
FLUDD, ROBERT. - English physician and philosopher, born at Milgate House (Kent) in 1574, died in London on 8 Sept. 1637. He was a member of the Rosicrucian…
Fléchier, Esprit (FLECHIER, ESPRIT) Vol. V, p. 865
FLECHIER, ESPRIT. - Writer and sacred orator, b. at Pernes on 10 June 1632, d. at Montpellier on 16 Feb. 1710. Having successfully devoted himself to…
Foca, Saint (FOCA, SANTO) Vol. V, p. 869
FOCA, saint. - Martyred, probably under Dioeleziano, at Sinope in Pontus, and commemorated by s. Gregorio Nazianzeno and by Bishop Asterio. According to the…
Foch, Germain Vol. V, p. 869
FOCH, GERMAIN. - Jesuit spiritual writer, b. 8 Oct. 1854 at Tarbes (Hautes-Pyrénées), d. at Paris on 9 June 1920, brother of the Marshal of France Ferdinando…
Fogarini, Francesco Antonio da Brescia Vol. V, p. 870
FOGARINI, FRANCESCO ANTONIO da BRESCIA. – A Scotist philosopher and theologian of the Conventual Franciscans, he studied at the Collegio di S. Bonaventura in…
Fogazzaro, Antonio Vol. V, p. 870
FOGAZZARO, ANTONIO. — Writer, born at Vicenza on 25 March 1842, died there on 5 March 1911. In 1863 he published his first, weak poetic experiments in the…
Fogazzaro, Giuseppe Vol. V, p. 871
FOGAZZARO, GIUSEPPE. - Priest and educationalist, b. at Bergamo on 6 Nov. 1813, d. at Vicenza on 16 Aug. 1901. Ordained in 1836, he devoted himself to…
Foggia, Diocese of (FOGGIA, DIOCESI DI) Vol. V, p. 872
FOGGIA, DIOCESE of. — The diocese of F., immediately subject to the Holy See, is situated in the province of the same name and is of recent foundation. On 26…
Foggia, Francesco Vol. V, p. 872
FOGGIA, FRANCESCO. – Musician, born in Rome in 1605, died there in 1688 and was buried in S. Prassede. He studied with Cifra, Nassini, and Agostini. He was…
Foggini, Gian Battista Vol. V, p. 872
FOGGINI, GIAN BATTISTA. — Sculptor and architect, born in Florence on 25 April 1652 and died there on 12 April 1725. He studied the works of Ferrata,…
Foggini, Pier Francesco Vol. V, p. 872
FOGGINI, PIER FRANCESCO. — Historian and theologian, b. in Florence in 1713, d. in Rome on 31 May 1783. Son of Giovan Battista, reputed the finest sculptor of…
Foglianti Vol. V, p. 873
FOGLIANTI: v. CISTERCENSI: Cistercian Congregation of Italy.
Fogliantine Vol. V, p. 873
FOGLIANTINE. — Il de la Barrière also founded a female branch of the same Rule of the Feuillants (v.); the first monastery arose at Montesquieu-Volvestre in…
Fogolla, Francesco, Beato (FOGOLLA, FRANCESCO, BESTO) Vol. V, p. 873
FOGOLLA, FRANCESCO, Blessed. - Bishop, missionary, and martyr, born at Montereggio in the Tuscan Garfagnana on 4 Oct. 1838, died on 9 July 1900 during the…
Foix, Gaston de Vol. V, p. 873
FOIX, GASTON de. - Duke of Nemours, born in 1489 to John of Foix, Viscount of Narbonne, and Mary of Orléans, sister of Louis XII, died at Ravenna on 11 April…
Foix, Pierre de Vol. V, p. 874
FOIX, PIERRE de. - Born in Béarn (Basses-Pyrénées) in 1386. He studied at Toulouse and took the Franciscan habit. At the age of 19, in 1405, he became bishop…
Folco (Folchetto) of Toulouse (FOLCO (FOLCHETTO) DI TOLOSA) Vol. V, p. 874
FOLCO (FOLCHETTO) di TOLOSA. — Also known as F. di Marsiglia, where he was born to a merchant of Genoese origin around 1155. He died in Tolosa on 25 December…
Folco of Neuilly (FOLCO DI NEUILLY) Vol. V, p. 874
FOLCO di NEUILLY. – Parish priest of Neuilly-sur-Marne near Paris from 1191; he died at Neuilly on 2 March 1201. In 1198 he founded the abbey of…
Folengo, Teofilo Vol. V, p. 875
FOLENGO, TEOFILO. — Poet, born at Mantova on 8 Nov. 1491, died at Campese di Bassano on 9 Dec. 1544. As a boy he studied under a priest in the Ferrarese, and…
Foley, Henry Vol. V, p. 875
FOLEY, HENRY. - Jesuit, historian, b. at Astley (Worcester) on 9 Aug. 1811, d. at Roehampton on 19 Nov. 1891. Under the influence of the “Oxford movement,” he…
Foligno, Diocese of (FOLIGNO, DIOCESI DI) Vol. V, p. 875
FOLIGNO, DIOCESI di. – The diocese of F., immediately subject to the Holy See, is located in the province of Perugia, where it comprises the eastern edge of…
Folk Poetry (POESIA POPOLARE) Vol. IX, p. 991
POESIA POPOLARE. – Interest in p. p. appeared in England from the first decades of the eighteenth century, and the most significant work of this initial…
Folk Traditions (TRADIZIONI POPOLARI) Vol. XII, p. 275
POPULAR TRADITIONS. — They are also designated by the term folklore, coined by the English archaeologist William J. Thoms (1803–85, better known by the…
Folklore Vol. V, p. 212
FOLKLORE. — An eminently agricultural region, with numerous and important urban centers and a highly advanced civic life, E. derives from this condition the…
Folmar (FOLMARO) Vol. V, p. 876
FOLMARO. - Provost of the Regular Canons of Triefenstein (Petra Stillans) in the diocese of Würzburg, born at the beginning of the 12th century, died about 13…
Fonck, Leopold Vol. V, p. 876
FONCK, LEOPOLD. - Exegete, b. at Wissen (Ger- many) on 14 Jan. 1865, d. at Vienna on 19 Oct. 1930. Having completed his secondary and high-school studies at…
Fondi, Diocese of (FONDI, DIOCESI DI) Vol. V, p. 882
FONDI, DIOCESE of. — The d. of F. was in the present province of Latina and also included the territories of Campodimele, Lenola, Sperlonga, and Monticelli. An…
Fonseca Soares, Antonio de Vol. V, p. 884
ANTONIO de FONSECA SOARES: v. ANTONIO das CHAGAS.
Fonseca, Cristóbal de Vol. V, p. 884
FONSECA, CRISTÓBAL de. - Augustinian theologian and preacher, b. at S. Eulalia in the diocese of Toledo; he professed among the Augustinians on 8 February…
Fonseca, Pedro de Vol. V, p. 884
FONSECA, PEDRO de. - Portuguese philosopher and theologian, b. at Proença-a-Nova in 1528, d. at Lisbon on 4 Nov. 1599. He entered the Society of Jesus at the…
Fonsegrive Lespinasse, Georges-Pierre Vol. V, p. 884
FONSEGRIVE LESPINASSE, GEORGES-PIERRE. — Philosopher and publicist, born in St-Capraise de Lalinde (Dordogne) on 19 October 1852, died in Paris in 1917. A…
Fontaine, Nicolas Vol. V, p. 885
FONTAINE, NICOLAS. - Biblicist and Jansenist historian, b. in Paris in 1625, d. in Melun on 28 Jan. 1709. At about the age of 25 he withdrew to join the…
Fontana Vol. V, p. 885
FONTANA. – By f. is meant an architectural-sculptural structure, of varying size, designed to receive and distribute water for utilitarian or decorative…
Fontana, Domenico Vol. V, p. 886
FONTANA, DOMENICO — The architect F. presented the plan of the Vatican Library to Sixtus V — Vatican Library. including the Bigazzini (later Torlonia) palace…
Fontana, Felice Vol. V, p. 887
FONTANA, FELICE. – Naturalist and physiologist, born at Pomarolo (Trento) on 15 April 1730, died at Florence on 19 March 1805. He was court physicist under…
Fontana, Francesco Luigi Vol. V, p. 888
FONTANA, FRANCESCO LUIGI. — Cardinal, Barnabite, born at Casalmaggiore (Cremona) on 28 August 1750, died at Rome on 19 March 1822. He taught Latin and Greek…
Fontana, Fulvio Vol. V, p. 888
FONTANA, FULVIO. - Jesuit, sacred orator, b. at Modigliana (Florence) in 1648, d. at Fermo in 1723. For a decade he was, together with Pinamonti, Segneri’s…
Fontana, Prospero Vol. V, p. 887
FONTANA, PROSPERO - St. Alessio distributes his possessions to the poor. Bologna, church of S. Giacomo Maggiore. of the Madonna del Baraccano, S. Pietro, S.…
Fontanes, Louis de Vol. V, p. 888
FONTANES, LOUIS de. – French man of letters and statesman, born in Niort on 6 March 1757, died in Paris on 17 March 1821. He was a member of the Institute and…
Fontanini, Giusto Vol. V, p. 888
FONTANINI, GIUSTO. - Man of letters, born at S. Daniele del Friuli in 1666, died at Rome on 17 Apr. 1736. In 1697 Clement XI granted him the chair of eloquence…
Fontavellana, Abbey of (FONTE AVELLANA) Vol. V, p. 889
FONTE AVELLANA. - The hermitage of S. Croce di F. A., beneath Monte Carria (Marche), is described by Dante (Par., XXI). The date of its foundation is…
Fontenelle, Bernard Vol. V, p. 892
FONTENELLE, BERNARD. — Writer and philosopher, born in Rouen on 11 February 1657, died in Paris on 9 January 1757. More than to his frigid poetry, his fame is…
Fontevrault (Pont Ebraldi) Vol. V, p. 892
FONTEVRAULT (Pont Ebraldi). — Ancient abbey of Benedictine nuns near Saumur in France (Marne et Loire), formerly in the territory of the diocese of Poitiers,…
Fontinalia Vol. V, p. 894
FONTINALIA. — Festival held on 13 October according to the ancient Roman calendar, during which fountains were crowned and flowers were cast into the springs.…
Foochow, Archdiocese of (FOOCHOW, ARCIDIOCESI DI) Vol. V, p. 894
FOOCHOW, ARCHDIOCESE of. - The civil province of Fukien, in east-central China, ecclesiastically included, like all the rest of the Empire, in the diocese of…
Foot (PIEDE) Vol. IX, p. 816
FOOT. - Unit of measurement among the Romans, corresponding to 0.2959 m. It is sometimes also found represented in Christian inscriptions, as in that of an…
Foppa, Cristoforo Vol. V, p. 897
FOPPA, CRISTOFORO: V. CARADOSSO.
Foppa, Vincenzo Vol. V, p. 897
FOPPA, VINCENZO. — Painter, born in Brescia around 1427 and died in the same city in 1515 or 1516. Initially perhaps a pupil in the Bembo workshop in Brescia,…
Forbes, Edward Vol. V, p. 897
FORBES, EDWARD. – English naturalist, born in Douglas on 12 February 1815, died in London on 23 November 1854. He was the pioneer of marine exploration with…
Forbin-Janson, Charles-Auguste, Count of (FORBIN-JANSON, CHARLES-AUGUSTE, CONTE DI) Vol. V, p. 897
FORBIN-JANSON, CHARLES-AUGUSTE, conte di. - Bishop of Nancy and Toul, founder of the Pontifical Work of the Holy Childhood (11 May 1843; v.), b. in Paris on 3…
Forbin-Janson, Toussaint de Vol. V, p. 898
FORBIN-JANSON, TOUSSAINT de. — Born on 1 October 1634, died on 24 March 1713. Successively bishop of Digne (1658), Marseille (1662), and Beautvais (1679). As…
Forcade, Théodore-Auguste Vol. V, p. 898
FORCADE, THÉODORE-AUGUSTE. – Born at Versailles on 2 March 1816, died on 12 September 1885. Ordained a priest on 16 March 1830, he was appointed professor of…
Force (FORZA) Vol. V, p. 918
FORZA: V. MECCANICA.
Force Majeure (Vis Maior, Vis Divina, Cause to Which Resistance Is Not Possible) (FORZA MAGGIORE (VIS MAIOR, VIS DIVINA, CAUSA CUI RESISTI NON POTEST)) Vol. V, p. 918
FORZA MAGGIORE (Vis maior, vis divina, causa cui resisti non potest). — When the agent is in such circumstances that he cannot prevent the event, or cannot…
Forcella, Vincenzo Vol. V, p. 898
FORCELLA, VINCENZO. - Born in 1837, died in 1906. He is best known for his work Iscrizioni delle chiese e di altri edifici di Roma dal sec. XI ai nostri giorni…
Forcellini, Egidio Vol. V, p. 898
FORCELLINI, EGIDIO. — An erudite priest, b. at Campo sul Piave on 26 August 1688, d. there on 5 April 1768. He studied at the Seminary of Padua and was a pupil…
Fordicidia Vol. V, p. 899
FORDICIDIA. - A Roman magico-agrarian festival, dedicated to Tellure, celebrated on 15 April. In each of the thirty Curiae and on the Capitol (Ovidio, Fast.,…
Foreigners (In Italy) (STRANIERI (IN ITALIA)) Vol. XI, p. 847
FOREIGNERS (IN ITALY). — Foreigners are admitted to enjoy in Italy the civil rights accorded to citizens, subject to reciprocity; this principle is to be…
Forer, Lorenz Vol. V, p. 899
FORER, LORENZ. — Jesuit theologian and controversialist, born in Lucerne in 1580, died in Ratisbona on 7 January 1659. Professor of dogmatic theology at the…
Forest, John, Blessed (FOREST, JOHN, BEATO) Vol. V, p. 899
FOREST, JOHN, blessed. — Born of a noble family in 1471, he died on 22 May 1538. Having entered the Franciscan Order in 1492, he pursued his studies at Oxford,…
Foresta, Alberic de (FORESTA, ALBÉRIC DE) Vol. V, p. 899
FORESTA, ALBÉRIC de. — French Jesuit, born at Aix on 8 January 1818, died at Avignone on 2 May 1876. Of noble family, he entered the novitiate at Avignone on 6…
Foresti, Giacomo Filippo Vol. V, p. 899
FORESTI, GIACOMO FILIPPO. - Augustinian historian and theologian, born at Solto (Bergamo) in 1434, died at Bergamo in 1520. He entered the Hermits of S.…
Foresti, Teodoro da Bergamo Vol. V, p. 900
FORESTI, TEODORO DA BERGAMO. - Capuchin preacher and theologian of the former province of Brescia-Bergamo, born at Solto (Bergamo) on 15 Aug. 1565, died at…
Forget, Jacques Vol. V, p. 900
FORGET, JACQUES. - Theologian and Arabist, b. at Chiny (Belgium) on 6 Jan. 1852, d. at Héverlé-les-Louvain on 19 July 1933. A pupil of Lamy at Louvain, he made…
Forlì, Diocese of (FORLÌ, DIOCESI DI) Vol. V, p. 900
FORLÌ, DIOCESI di. — City, diocese, and province in Romagna; the diocese, a suffragan of Ravenna, extends over 320 sq. km and has 80,350 inhabitants, of whom…
Form (FORMA) Vol. V, p. 901
FORM. — In ordinary usage, it is the external arrangement of the parts of a body (μορφή), a quality of sensible substances, especially living beings, by which…
Form of the Sacraments (FORMA DEI SACRAMENTI) Vol. V, p. 902
FORMA DEI SACRAMENTI : V. SACRAMENTI.
Formal (FORMALE) Vol. V, p. 902
FORMALE. – Also called rational or pectoral, it is a plate of metal, gold, or silver, set with jewels, about the size of a hand, worn on the chest, where the…
Formia Vol. V, p. 907
FORMIA. – Town in the Gulf of Gaeta, on the Via Appia. Having remained neutral during the Latin War, it first obtained citizenship without the right to vote…
Formosa Vol. V, p. 908
FORMOSA. - Island of the Far East, annexed to China in 1683, ceded to Japan in 1895 and returned to China in 1945. One and a half times the size of Sardinia…
Formosus, Pope (FORMOSO, PAPA) Vol. V, p. 909
FORMOSO, PAPA. — Perhaps a native of Rome. In 864 or 865, Niccolò I (858–67) made him cardinal-bishop of Porto, and in the autumn of 866 sent him with Paolo di…
Formulas of Concord (FORMOLE DI CONCORDIA) Vol. V, p. 908
FORMOLE DI CONCORDIA : v. CONFESSIONI DI FEDE PROTESTANTI.
Fornacalia Vol. V, p. 910
FORNACALIA. - It was a movable conceptive festival, falling in the first half of February, on a day fixed in advance by the head of the curiae, the highest…
Fornaciari, Luigi Vol. V, p. 910
FORNACIARI, LUIGI. - Magistrate and philologist, b. at Lucca on 17 Dec. 1798, d. there on 23 Nov. 1858. President of the criminal Rota, councillor of state,…
Fornaini, Luigi Antonio Vol. V, p. 910
FORNAINI, LUIGI ANTONIO. – Vallombrosan abbot, born on 14 December 1756 at Massa Cozzile, died on 29 June 1838 at Florence. He was a pupil of Leto Guidi.…
Fornari Strada, Maria Vittoria, Blessed (FORNARI STRADA, MARIA VITTORIA, BEATA) Vol. V, p. 911
FORNARI STRADA, MARIA VITTORIA, blessed. — Foundress of a religious order, born in Genoa in 1562, died there on 15 December 1617. Married, she had six…
Fornari, Vito Vol. V, p. 910
FORNARI, VITO. - Philosopher and man of letters, b. at Molfetta on March 10, 1821, d. at Naples on March 6, 1900. A solitary and meditative spirit, his life…
Fornication (FORNICAZIONE) Vol. V, p. 911
FORNICATION. - From the Latin fornix, which designated a vaulted chamber or corridor, generally resulting from a supporting construction for stairways…
Forster, Frobenius Vol. V, p. 913
FORSTER, FROBENIUS. — Benedictine, born at Königfeld on 30 August 1709, died at Regensburg on 11 October 1791. In 1727 he entered the monastery of St. Emmeram…
Forster, Heinrich Vol. V, p. 913
FORSTER, HEINRICH. - Bishop of Breslavia, b. 24 Nov. 1799 at Gross-Glogau, d. 20 Oct. 1881 at the castle of Johannesburg, in Austrian Silesia. Ordained priest…
Fort Lamy, Apostolic Prefecture of (FORT LAMY, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI) Vol. V, p. 917
FORT LAMY, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. — In French Equatorial Africa: it was erected on 9 Jan. 1947 with territory detached from the apostolic vicariates of…
Fort Victoria, Apostolic Vicariate of (FORT VICTORIA, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI) Vol. V, p. 918
FORT VICTORIA, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO di. – It was erected on 14 November 1946 with territory detached from the Apostolic Vicariate of Salisbury in Southern…
Fort Wayne, Diocese of (FORT WAYNE, DIOCESI DI) Vol. V, p. 918
FORT WAYNE, DIOCESE of. - A city in the State of Indiana in the United States of America, seat of a diocese suffragan to Indianapolis, comprising the northern…
Fort-de-France (FORT-DE FRANCE) Vol. V, p. 914
FORT-DE FRANCE: V. SAN PIETRO FORT DE FRANCE O MASTINICA MARTINIQUE
Fort-de-France and Saint-Pierre, Diocese of (SAN PIETRO E FORT-DE-FRANCE (MARNICA), DIOCESI DI) Vol. X, p. 1069
SAN PIETRO and FORT-DE-FRANCE (MARNICA), DIOCESE. — It comprises the island of Martinique, which was discovered by Cristoforo Colombo in 1502 during his fourth…
Fortaleza, Archdiocese of (FORTALEZA, ARCIDIOCESI DI) Vol. V, p. 914
FORTALEZA, ARCHDIOCESE of. — In the State of Ceará (Brazil). It is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of the aforementioned State, a province…
Forteguerri, Niccolò Vol. V, p. 914
FORTEGUERRI, NICCOLÒ. — Cardinal, born on 7 October 1419 in Pistoia, died on 21 December 1473 in Viterbo. After studying law in Bologna and Siena, he entered…
Fortem Virili Pectore Vol. V, p. 914
« FORTEM VIRILI PECTORE ». — This is the hymn for Vespers and Lauds in the Office of holy non-virgins, composed by Cardinal Silvio Antoniani (d. 1603) and…
Fortescue, Adrian (FORTESQUE, ADRIAN) Vol. V, p. 915
FORTESQUE, ADRIAN. - Priest, liturgist of rare learning and depth, b. 14 Jan. 1874 at Perth (Scotland), d. 11 Feb. 1923. A convert from Protestantism in 1898,…
Forti, Michelangelo Vol. V, p. 916
FORTI, MICHELANGELO. – Priest and patriot, born at Cesacastina on 29 September 1798, died at Nisida in October 1856. A professor at the Seminary of Teramo and…
Fortini, Marco Vol. V, p. 916
FORTINI, MARCO. - Priest and patriot, born at Fratta Polesine on 26 April 1784, died there on 28 May 1848. A humble chaplain at Fratta, he became involved in…
Fortis, Luigi Vol. V, p. 916
FORTIS, LUIGI. – Jesuit, 20th Superior General of the Order, born in Verona on 26 February 1749, died in Rome on 27 January 1829. Caught up in the suppression…
Fortress (FORTEZZA) Vol. V, p. 915
FORTEZZA. — In its primary meaning it indicates robustness, vigor, energy, strength, both in the physical and in the moral sense. It may be considered: 1) as a…
Fortuitous Case (CASO FORTUITO) Vol. III, p. 576
CASO FORTUITO. — It is the occurrence of something unforeseen and unforeseeable by the acting subject. The notion of fortuity is negative: an event that finds…
Fortunatianus (FORTUNAZIANO) Vol. V, p. 917
FORTUNAZIANO. - Bishop of Aquileia, African by origin, he was elected about 342 amid the disturbances provoked by Ursacio and Valente, Arian bishops. He was…
Fortunato, Ferrari da Brescia Vol. V, p. 917
FORTUNATO, FERRARI da BRESCIA. - Franciscan philosopher and mathematician, b. at Brescia on 1 Dec. 1701, d. at Madrid on 11 May 1734. Lecturer in philosophy…
Fortune (FORTUNA) Vol. V, p. 917
FORTUNA. — Italic and Roman goddess. Her three most important ancient cult centers were Palestrina, Rome, and Anzio. While little is known about the cult at…
Forty Hours' Adoration (ADORAZIONE DELLE QUARANTORE) Vol. I, p. 214
ADORATION of the QUARANTORE: v. QUARANTORE. ADORATION of the Most Holy SACRAMENT, MALABAR SISTERS of the. – This congregation was recently founded by Monsignor…
Forty Martyrs Of Sebaste (QUARANTA MARTIRI DI SEBASTIA) Vol. X, p. 228
QUARANTA MARTIRI di SEBASTIA. — They are commemorated in the Greek and Latin Martyrologies on 9 March; their cult spread rapidly throughout the Church, and…
Forum (FORO) Vol. V, p. 912
FORO. – The Latin term forum or forus originally indicated the place or external space of the house, or even the vestibule surrounding tombs. Later it…
Forum Appii (APPIO, FORO D') Vol. I, p. 1014
APPIO, FORO D': v. FORO D'APPIO.
Forum Appii (Market of A.) (FORO APPIO (MERCATO DI A.)) Vol. V, p. 913
FORO APPIO (MARKET OF A.). – Village south of Rome, mentioned in Act. 28:15 as the place where St. Paul, a prisoner, met the delegation of the Roman Church.…
Forum Iulium Carnicum Vol. V, p. 918
FORUM IULIUM CARNICUM. – Now Zuglio in Carnia. Originally a vicus, then a forum and finally a colonia, it stood on the road that led from Aquileia to Noricum…
Forzatè, Giordano Vol. V, p. 919
FORZATÈ, GIORDANO. — Born in Padua to a noble family after the middle of the 12th century, he died in Venice at the age of ninety in 1348. He first devoted…
Foscarari, Egidio Vol. V, p. 919
FOSCARARI, EGIDIO. - Dominican bishop and theologian, b. at Bologna on 27 Jan. 1512, d. at Rome on 23 Dec. 1564. He entered religious life at Bologna on 14…
Foscarini, Paolo Antonio Vol. V, p. 919
FOSCARINI, PAOLO ANTONIO. – Carmelite theologian, of the noble Venetian family of the F., born in Montalto Uffugo (Calabria) around 1565, died there on 10 June…
Foscolo, Ugo Vol. V, p. 919
FOSCOLO, UGO. – Poet, born at Zante on 6 February 1778, died at Turnham Green on 10 September 1827. His father, Andrea, was a physician from a Venetian family;…
Fossanova Abbey (FOSSANOVA, ABBAZIA DI) Vol. V, p. 921
FOSSANOVA, ABBEY of. — In 1133 Innocent II granted to the Cistercians a Benedictine monastery situated on the southern edge of the Pontine Marshes, not far…
Fossombrone, Diocese of (FOSSOMBRONE, DIOCESI DI) Vol. V, p. 922
FOSSOMBRONE, diocese of. — A city and diocese in the province of Pesaro, it has a population of 25,000 inhabitants, all Catholics; it has 40 parishes, 51…
Fossors (FOSSORI) Vol. V, p. 922
FOSSORI. — This is the name given, even by pagans, to the workers engaged in digging burial pits. Hippolytus explains why the fossor is paid his wage and the…
Fouard, Henri-Constant Vol. V, p. 924
FOUARD, HENRI-CONSTANT. - Priest and biblical scholar, b. at Elbeuf (Rouen) on 6 Aug. 1837, d. there on 3 Dec. 1903. During his theological studies in Paris,…
Foucauld, Charles-Eugène de Vol. V, p. 924
FOUCAULD, CHARLES-EUGÈNE de. — Missionary hermit, born on 15 September 1858 at Strasbourg, killed by the Touareg on 4 December 1916 at Tamanrasset (Algerian…
Fouillée, Alfred Vol. V, p. 925
FOUILLÉE, ALFRED. - Philosopher, b. at La Poueze (Maine-et-Loire) in 1838, d. at Lyons in 1912. After the publication of the Philosophie de Platon (2 vols.,…
Foumban, Apostolic Vicariate of (FOUMBAN, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI) Vol. V, p. 925
FOUMBAN, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE. - The vicariate of F., in French Cameroon, subject to subsequent changes in its boundaries, corresponded to the former apostolic…
Founder (of Religious Order or Congregation) (FONDATORE (DI ORDINE O CONGREGAZIONE RELIGIOSA)) Vol. V, p. 877
FOUNDER (of a Religious Order or Congregation). — He is the one who establishes the specific purpose of the Order; one who merely introduces an accidental…
Foundling Hospital (BREFOTROFIO) Vol. III, p. 54
BREFOTROFIO. – From βρέφος, “newborn,” and τρέφω, “I nourish.” An institution established to care for unrecognized illegitimate children, that is, children…
Fouquet, Jean Vol. V, p. 925
FOUQUET, JEAN. - French painter, b. at Tours in 1420, d. there in 1483. One of the artists most representative of the taste and potential of French painting at…
Four Crowned Martyrs (QUATTRO CORONATI) Vol. X, p. 235
QUATTRO CORONATI: v. CORONATI, QUATTRO SANTI.
Four Crowned Martyrs, Saints (CORONATI, QUATTRO, SANTI) Vol. IV, p. 342
CORONATI, QUATTRO, saints.—Venerated on 8 November. The names in the Gregorian Sacramentary (five, not four) are: Claudio, Nicostrato, Sinfroniano (or…
Fourier, François-Charles Vol. V, p. 925
FOURIER, FRANÇOIS-CHARLES. – French economist of socialist inclination, belonging to the socialism that Marx characterized as “utopian.” Born in Besançon on 7…
Fournier, Henri-Alain Vol. V, p. 926
FOURNIER, HENRI-ALAIN. - B. on 3 Oct. 1886 at Chapelle d'Angillon, d. near Verdun on 22 Sept. 1914. He is among the most evocative writers and storytellers of…
Fournier, Paul-Eugène-Louis (FOURNIER, PAUL-EUGÈNE-LOUIE) Vol. V, p. 926
FOURNIER, PAUL-EUGÈNE-LOUIE. — Canonist and historian of law, born in Calais on 26 November 1853, died in Paris on 13 May 1935. A graduate…
Fox, George Vol. V, p. 926
FOX, GEORGE: V. QUACCHERI.
Fox, John Vol. V, p. 926
FOX, JOHN. - Protestant writer, born at Boston in Lincolnshire (England) in 1516, died in 1587. He attended the University of Oxford and was a fellow of…
Foz do Iguaçu (FOZ DO IGUASSÙ) Vol. V, p. 926
FOZ do IGUASSÙ. – Prelature in the State of Paraná, Brazil, suffragan to Curitiba, erected on 10 May 1926 by Pope Pius XI with the apostolic constitution Quum…
Fra' Dolcino Vol. V, p. 929
FRA' DOLCINO : v. DOLCINO, fra'.
Fracassini, Cesare Vol. V, p. 927
FRACASSINI, CESARE - Painter, born in Roma on 18 Dec. 1838, died there on 13 Dec. 1868. A pupil of the Accademia di S. Luca and of Minardi, drawn by the…
Fracassini, Umberto Vol. V, p. 928
FRACASSINI, UMBERTO. - Historian and biblical scholar, born at Cortona on 28 Jan. 1862, died at Perugia on 30 July 1950. A student at the Pius Seminary, he…
Fracastoro, Girolamo (FRACASTORO, GEROLAMO) Vol. V, p. 928
FRACASTORO, GEROLAMO. - Humanist physician, born in Verona in 1478, died there at his villa in Incaffi on 8 Aug. 1553. At Padua he had Pomponazzi as his…
Fraction of the Bread (FRAZIONE DEL PANE) Vol. V, p. 1056
FRAZIONE DEL PANE: V. FRACTIO PANIS.
Fraction of the Host (FRAZIONE DELL'OSTIA) Vol. V, p. 1054
FRAZIONE DELL'OSTIA. — The rite of breaking the Eucharistic Bread in the primitive Church was a purely ministerial function, an action arising from the…
France, Anatole (Anatole-François-Thibaut) Vol. V, p. 929
FRANCE, ANATOLE (ANATOLE-FRANÇOIS-THIBAUT). — Writer, born in Paris on 16 April 1844, died at La Béchellière (Tours) on 12 October 1924. A member of the…
Francesca Clara da San Livino Vol. V, p. 931
FRANCESCA CLARA da SAN LIVINO. - Mystic, Livina Sanders in the world, born in 1629, died in 1652. At the age of 20 she became a nun in the convent of the…
Francesca d'Amboise, Blessed (FRANCESCA D'AMBOISE, BESA) Vol. V, p. 930
FRANCESCA D'AMBOISE, beata. – Carmelite, born in 1427 at Rieux, to Luigi d'Amboise, viscount of Thouars (Normandy); in 1448 she married Pietro II, duke of…
Francesca de Chantal, Saint (FRANCESCA DI CHANTAL, SANTA) Vol. V, p. 930
FRANCESCA di CHANTAL, saint: V. GIOVANNA FRANCESCA FREM.OT di CHANTAL, saint.
Francesca Romana, Saint (FRANCESCA ROMANA, SANTA) Vol. V, p. 930
FRANCESCA ROMANA, saint. – Born in Rome in 1384 to the noble Paolo Bussa de’ Buxis de’ Leoni and Iacobella de’ Roffredeschi, Ceccolella (Franceschella) was…
Francesca Saverio Cabrini, Saint (FRANCESCA SAVERIO CABRINI, SANTA) Vol. V, p. 931
FRANCESCA SAVERIO CABRINI, saint. — Born at S. Angelo Lodigiano on 15 July 1850, died in Chicago on 22 December 1917. After a youth devoted to study and…
Franceschi Ferrucci, Caterina Vol. V, p. 937
FRANCESCHI FERRUCCI, CATERINA. - Woman of letters, b. at Narni on 26 Jan. 1803, d. at Firenze on 26 Feb. 1887. From Ginevra, where she had followed her…
Franceschini, Baldassare Vol. V, p. 937
FRANCESCHINI, BALDASSARE: v. VOLTERRANO.
Franceschini, Marcantonio Vol. V, p. 937
FRANCESCHINI, MARCANTONIO. - Painter, born in Bologna on 5 April 1648 and died there on 24 December 1729. A pupil of Galli-Bibiena and subsequently of Cignani,…
Francesco (b. 1437, d. after 1492), son of Simone di Nanni who was assistant to Ghiberti (FRANCESCO (N. NEL 1437, M. DOPO IL 1492), FIGLIO DI QUEL SIMONE DI NANNI CHE FU AIUTO DEL GHIBERTI) Vol. V, p. 726
FRANCESCO (b. 1437, d. after 1492), son of that Simone di Nanni who assisted Ghiberti. Perhaps a collaborator of Desiderio da Settignano in the Tabernolo of S.…
Francesco Gonzaga IV, Marquess of Mantua (FRANCESCO GONZAGA IV, MARCHESE DI MANTOVA) Vol. V, p. 949
FRANCESCO Gonzaga IV, marquis of MANTOVA: V. GONZAGA, FAMIGLIA.
Francesco, Giovanni Vol. V, p. 949
FRANCESCO, GIOVANNI. — Benedictine, born in Brescia, who lived between the end of the fifteenth century and the beginning of the sixteenth. In 1500 he…
Franchi Vol. V, p. 964
FRANKS. - The prehistory of the F. before their entry into Gaul is unknown. One can only infer an earlier settlement on the right bank of the lower Rhine; from…
Franchi, Alessandro Vol. V, p. 965
FRANCHI, ALESSANDRO. - Cardinal, born in Rome on 25 June 1819, died there on 31 July 1878. A student at the Roman Seminary and a graduate in theology, after…
Franchi, Ausonio (Cristoforo Bonavino) Vol. V, p. 965
FRANCHI, AUSONIO (CRISTOFORO BONAVINO). — Philosopher, born at Pegli (Genoa) on 27 February 1821, died at Genoa on 12 September 1895. In 1840 he entered the…
Francia Vol. V, p. 966
FRANCE. - Region and State of Western Europe, the only one to enjoy the benefit of a triple maritime façade (Mediterranean, Atlantic, North Sea) and the…
Francia Bigio, Francesco di Cristofano (FRANCIAIBIGIO, FRANCESCO DI CRISTOFANO) Vol. V, p. 1005
FRANCIAIBIGIO, FRANCESCO di CRISTOFANO - Annunciation. Turin, Pinacoteca. Conventuals and Capuchins from the various English-speaking territories, not only…
Francia Bigio, Francesco di Cristofano, detto il (FRANCIAIBIGIO, FRANCESCO DI CRISTOFANO, DETTO IL) Vol. V, p. 1005
FRANCIAIBIGIO, FRANCESCO di CRISTOFANO, known as Il. - Painter, born perhaps in Florence, of a Milanese father, about 1482; died there in 1552. A pupil of…
Franciotti, Cesare, Venerable (FRANCIOTTI, CESARE, VENERABILE) Vol. V, p. 1005
FRANCIOTTI, CESARE, venerable. – Theologian and preacher, born in Lucca on 3 July 1557, died there on 9 December 1627. Together with the venerable G. B. Cioni,…
Francis "Bonae Spei" (FRANCESCO «BONAË SPEI») Vol. V, p. 947
FRANCESCO «BONAË SPEI». – In the world Francesco Crespin, a Carmelite theologian, so named after the convent «Bonaë Espérance» (near Valenciennes) to which he…
Francis Borgia (de Borja), Saint (FRANCESCO BORGIA (DE BORJA), SANTO) Vol. V, p. 959
FRANCESCO BORGIA (DE BORJA), saint. — Third superior general of the Society of Jesus, born at Gandia (Spain) on 28 October 1510, died at Rome on 30 September…
Francis Caracciolo, Saint (FRANCESCO CARACCIOLO, SANTO) Vol. V, p. 960
FRANCESCO CARACCIOLO, saint. — Born at Villa S. Maria (Chieti) on 13 October 1563 to a noble family, he lived an exemplary life in his father’s house until the…
Francis de Geronimo, Saint (FRANCESCO DE GERONIMO, SANTO) Vol. V, p. 948
FRANCESCO de GERONIMO, saint. — Jesuit, popular missionary, born at Grottaglie (Taranto) on 17 December 1642, died at Naples on 11 May 1716. He initially…
Francis de Sales, Saint (FRANCESCO DI SALES, SANTO) Vol. V, p. 952
FRANCESCO di SALES, saint. — Bishop of Geneva, Doctor of the Church, born at Thoreus (the former Duchy of Savoy) on 21 August 1567, died at Lyon on 28 December…
Francis Horace of Pennabilli (FRANCESCO ORAZIO DE PENNABILLI) Vol. V, p. 962
FRANCESCO ORAZIO de PENNABILLI. — The most illustrious Capuchin missionary of Tibet, born at Pennabilli (Pesaro) in 1680 to the Olivieri family, he entered the…
Francis I de' Medici (FRANCESCO I DE' MEDICI) Vol. V, p. 949
FRANCESCO I de' MEDICI: V. MEDICI, FAMIGLIA.
Francis I of Austria (II as Holy Roman Emperor) (FRANCESCO I D'AUSTRIA (II COME IMPERATORE DEL SACRO ROMANO IMPERO)) Vol. V, p. 946
FRANCESCO I of AUSTRIA (II as emperor of the Holy Roman Empire). — Born on 12 February 1768 in Florence, died on 2 March 1835 in Vienna. The firstborn son of…
Francis I of Valois, King of France (FRANCESCO I DI VALOIS, RE DI FRANCIA) Vol. V, p. 947
FRANCESCO I of Valois, king of FRANCE. — Born on 12 September 1494 to Carlo d'Orléans and Luisa di Savoia. The death of his father and the lack of sons of…
Francis I of Valois, Saint of France (FRANCESCO I DI VALOIS, SS DI FRANCIA) Vol. V, p. 948
FRANCESCO I of VALOIS, king of FRANCE — PORTRAIT. Chalk drawing, Clouet school — Chantilly, Musée Condé. A prisoner, he had to undertake to renounce his…
Francis II, King of France (FRANCESCO II, 70 DI FRANCIA) Vol. V, p. 948
FRANCESCO II, king of FRANCE. - Son of Enrico II and Caterina dei Medici, born at Fontainebleau on 19 Jan. 1544, died on 4 Dec. 1560. Upon the death of his…
Francis II, King of the Two Sicilies (FRANCESCO II, RE DELLE DUE SICILIE) Vol. V, p. 947
FRANCESCO II, king of the Two Sicilies. — Born in Naples on 16 January 1856, he died at Arco (Trento) on 27 December 1894; he was the son of Ferdinando II and…
Francis Joseph of Habsburg-Lorraine, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (FRANCESCO GIUSEPPE DI ASBURGO-LORENA, IMPERATORE D'AUSTRIA E RE D'UNGHERIA) Vol. V, p. 960
FRANCESCO GIUSEPPE of Habsburg-Lorraine, Emperor of AUSTRIA and King of HUNGARY. — Son of Archduke Francis Charles, brother of Emperor Ferdinand and of Sophie…
Francis Maria of Brussels (FRANCESCO MARIA DA BRUXELLES) Vol. V, p. 961
FRANCESCO MARIA da BRUXELLES. - Capuchin theologian of the Flemish-Belgian province, born in Bruxelles in 1665, died in Gand on 18 October 1713. He entered…
Francis Maria of Lecce (FRANCESCO MARIA DA LECCE) Vol. V, p. 961
FRANCESCO MARIA da LECCE. - A Franciscan from Apulia. Of the province of S. Nicola di Bari, he studied at the missionary college of S. Pietro in Monroio in…
Francis Mary of Camporosso, Blessed (FRANCESCO MARIA DA CAMPOROSSO, BEATO) Vol. V, p. 961
FRANCESCO MARIA da CAMPOROSSO, blessed. – Capuchin lay brother, born at Camporosso (Imperia) on 27 Dec. 1804, died at Genova on 17 Sept. 1866. From being a…