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Franciscan Brothers of Mount Bellew (FRATELLI FRANCESCANI DI MOUNT BELLEW)
Religious congregation founded in the 16th century, reorganized in 1818 by the provincial of the Friars Minor of Ireland and subjected to the jurisdiction of… -
Franciscan Daughters of the Most Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary (FRANCESCANE FIGLIE DEI S.MI CUORI DI GERÙ E MARIA)
They were founded by Mother Chiara Pfander (1827-82) at Olpe (Germany) in 1860. The mother house is now at Salakotten. The life of the institute is perpetual… -
Franciscan Educational Conference, The
Periodical publication issued by the association of the same name of English-speaking Franciscans. The F. E. C. was founded in 1919 in St. Louis (United… -
Franciscan Friars Minor (FRATI MINORI FRANCESCANI)
Mendicant order, founded by St. Francis of Assisi, now constituted by three autonomous families: 1) Friars Minor: O.F.M.; 2) Conventual Friars Minor… -
Franciscan Missionaries of Egypt (FRANCESCANE MISSIONARIE D'EGITTO)
A female religious institute founded in Cairo in 1859 on the initiative of Sister Caterina Troiani of St. Rose, who, with 5 sisters from the monastery of the… -
Franciscan Missionaries of Mary, Institute of the (FRANCESCANE MISSIONARIE DI MARIA, ISTITUTO DELLE)
It was founded by Hélène de Chappotin de Neuville, b. at Nantes on 21 May 1839. Having come to Rome in 1877, she laid the foundations of the new Institute and… -
Franciscan Question (QUESTIONE FRANCESCANA)
Under this name passes the question of the biographical sources of St. Francis, and particularly of the legend known as "of the Three Companions," which has… -
Franciscans (FRANCESCANE)
Religious women who arose in various countries and epochs according to the spirit of St. Francis of Assisi: -
Franciscan Sisters Servants of Mary (FRANCESCANE SERVE DI MARIA)
Founded at Blois in 1852 by Mother Virginia Vaslin with the assistance of Bishop Pallu du Parc and the priest Vénot, in 1864 the sisters professed the rule of… -
Franciscans Known as the Little Sisters of the Orphans (FRANCESCANE DETTE PICCOLE SUORE DEGLI ORFANI)
They were founded in 1867 at Bourg-en-Bresse (France) by the priest Giovanni Maria Griffon for the teaching of orphans and poor children. Approved by the Holy… -
Franciscans of All Saints in Florence (FRANCESCANE D'OGNISSANTI A FIRENZE)
Congregation that developed from an institute of Tertiaries founded by Elisabetta Corsini of Bagnano in 1711, who did not lead a common life.They adopted the… -
Franciscans of Christ the King (FRANCESCANE DI CRISTO RE)
They were founded in 1459 in Venice, near S. Francesco della Vigna, by Maria Benedetta di Carignano Savoia and Maria Angelica Canal, as sisters of the Third… -
Franciscans of Montpellier (FRANCESCANE DI MONTPELLIER)
Congregation founded in 1861 by Mother François du St-Esprit (1821-82) with the help of Msgr. Thibaut, bishop of Montpellier.The sisters devote themselves to… -
Franciscans of Our Lady at Tempig (FRANCESCANE DI NOSTRA SIGNORA AL TEMPIG)
They were founded in 1858 at Dorat (France) by the priest Rougier (1853-95).They devote themselves to the care of sick priests and live by making liturgical… -
Franciscans of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour (FRANCESCANE DI NOSTRA SIGNORA DEL PERPETUO SOCCORSO)
They were founded among the Polish women of the United States in 1901 by Archbishop John J. Kain in St. Louis, Missouri, for the teaching of Polish-speaking… -
Franciscans of Saint Cunegonda (FRANCESCANE DI S. CUNEGONDA)
Founded in Chicago in 1894, where the mother house still is, they have 24 houses in various dioceses of the United States, where 428 religious sisters devote… -
Franciscans of Saint George Martyr in Thuine (Germany) (FRANCESCANE DI S. GIORGIO MARTIRE IN THUINE (GERMANIA))
Dedicated to the care of the sick and of orphans and to teaching, they were founded in 1869 by Mother Anselma Bopp (1835-87). Aggregated in 1906 to the Order… -
Franciscans of Saint Mary of the Angels of Wald-Breitbach (FRANCESCANE DI S. MARIA DEGLI ANGELI DI WALD-BREITBACH)
Founded by Mother Rosa (Margherita) Flesch (1826-1906) in 1862, they immediately spread widely. In 1904 they were aggregated to the Franciscan Order and in… -
Franciscans of the Afflicted (Warsaw) (FRANCESCANE DEGLI AFFLITTI (VARSAVIA))
In a small building in Warsaw, some pious women began, in 1858, to give charitable shelter to the poor unemployed, discharged from hospitals or without a roof.… -
Franciscans of the B.V.M. Help of Christians (FRANCESCANE DELLA B.M.V. AIUTO DEI CRISTIANI)
Religious institute founded in Cartagena (Colombia) by Sister Bernarda Butler (1848-1924) with five companions who came from Switzerland, where they were… -
Franciscans of the Family of Mary (FRANCESCANE DELLA FAMIGLIA DI MARIA)
Furono fondate nel 1856 a Pietroburgo e approvate a Varsavia dall'arcivescovo Sigmondo Felice Felinski. Aggregate all'Ordine dei Frati Minori Conventuali nel… -
Franciscans of the Holy Family (FRANCESCANE DELLA S. FAMIGLIA)
They were founded at Dubuque, Iowa (U.S.A.) in 1875 by Mother Saveria Termehr and by other sisters of the Congregation of Bethlehem of Herford in Germany… -
Franciscans of the Holy Family of Treviri (FRANCESCANE DELLA S. FAMIGLIA DI TREVINI)
They were founded by Mother Elisabeth Koch (1815-99) at Eupen in 1839, but the first house arose at Aachen on June 13, 1857, and this date is considered that… -
Franciscans of the Immaculate Conception (Modena) (FRANCESCANE DELL'IMMACOLATA CONCEZIONE (MODENA))
The Institute arose in 1881 in Palagano, Modena, with the approval of the local Ordinary. On 8 March 1938, Pius XI ordered that the decree of praise be issued… -
Franciscans of the Immaculate Conception of Bonlanden (FRANCESCANE DELL'IMMACOLATA CONCEZIONE DI BONLANDEN)
They were founded in 1856 at Bonlanden in Germany by the priest Faustino Mennel (1824-89) and by Paolina Gross with the rule of the Third Order, to assist the… -
Franciscans of the Immaculate Conception of Lons-le-Saunier (FRANCESCANE DELL'IMMACOLATA CONCEZIONE DI LONS LE SAUNIER)
Founded in 1857 at Macorney by the priest Roland (1794-1865), a Franciscan tertiary, for the care of orphans, of the sick at home, for teaching, for assistance… -
Franciscans of the Immaculate Conception of San Piero a Ponti (FRANCESCANE DELL'IMMACOLATA CONCEZIONE DI S. PIERO A PONTI)
Founded in 1876 by the priest Olginto Fedi and by Sister Francesca Tarducci, they were approved by the Archbishop of Florence in 1911 and aggregated to the… -
Franciscans of the Most Blessed Sacrament (FRANCESCANE DEL S.MO SACRAMENTO)
They were founded in 1898 by Mother Maria Chiara Serafina of Jesus (Francesca Farolfi, 1853-1917) at Bertinoro (Forlì). The sisters are obliged to recite the… -
Franciscans of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus of Joliette (FRANCESCANE DEL S.MO CUORE DI GESÙ DI JOLIETTE)
They were founded in 1876 at Avila, Indiana (U.S.A.), by some sisters who had come from Germany, who in 1885 formed an independent institute that in 1898 was… -
Franciscan Studies (ESTUDIOS FRANCISCANOS)
Journal founded in 1907 by the Capuchin Friars Minor of the province of Catalonia for the defense and illustration of Catholic science and for the advancement… -
Franciscan Studies
A Franciscan quarterly journal that arose in 1941 at St. Bonaventure College in New York from the merger of the Franciscan Educational Conference (v.) with F.… -
Franciscan Studies (STUDI FRANCESCANI)
National scientific journal of the Friars Minor of Italy. It began publication on June 1, 1903 under the title La Verna. Rivista illustrata sanfrancescana… -
Franciscan Tertiaries of the Holy Cross (TERZIARI FRANCESCANI DELLA SANTA CROCE)
They were founded by Brother Giacomo Wirth (1830-72), who was the first superior general, and Brother Antonio Weber (1829-1910). Both already professed in the… -
Franciscan Tertiaries of Wald-Breitbach (FRANCESCANI TERZIARI DI WALD-BREITBACH)
FRANCESCANI TERZIARI DI WALD-BREITBACH: v. TERZIARI FRANCESCANI DELLA S. CROCE. -
Francis Caracciolo, Saint (FRANCESCO CARACCIOLO, SANTO)
Born at Villa S. Maria (Chieti) on 13 Oct. 1563 into a noble family, he lived an exemplary life in his father's house until the age of 22, then went secretly… -
Francisco de Posadas, Blessed (FRANCESCO DE POSADAS, BEATO)
FRANCESCO de POSADAS, beato: v. POSADAS FRANCESCO de, blessed. -
Francisco de San Luis
Portuguese cardinal and writer, b. at Ponte de Lima on 26 Jan. 1766, d. at Marvilla on 7 May 1845. A Benedictine at the age of 14, he soon reached high ranks… -
Franciscus de Albano (Vercellensis)
Canonist, b. at Vercelli in the first half of the 13th century. There is no certain information about his life; it appears, however, that he lived in southern… -
Francis de Geronimo, Saint (FRANCESCO DE GERONIMO, SANTO)
Jesuit, popular missionary, b. at Grottaglie (Taranto) on 17 Dec. 1642, d. at Naples on 11 May 1716. He first embraced the ecclesiastical career and, having… -
Francis de Sales, Saint (FRANCESCO DI SALES, SANTO)
Bishop of Geneva, Doctor of the Church, b. at Thorens (ancient duchy of Savoy) on 21 Aug. 1567, d. at Lyon on 28 Dec. 1622. I. LIFE. - The firstborn of Francis… -
Francis Horace of Pennabilli (FRANCESCO ORAZIO DE PENNABILLI)
The most illustrious Capuchin missionary of Tibet, b. at Pennabilli (Pesaro) in 1680, from the Olivieri family, he entered the Capuchins of the Picene province… -
Francis I de' Medici (FRANCESCO I DE' MEDICI)
FRANCESCO I de' MEDICI: V. MEDICI, FAMIGLIA. -
Francis II, King of France (FRANCESCO II, 70 DI FRANCIA)
Son of Henry II and Catherine de' Medici, b. at Fontainebleau on 19 Jan. 1544, d. on 4 Dec. 1560. With the death of his father (10 July 1559) he ascended the… -
Francis II, King of the Two Sicilies (FRANCESCO II, RE DELLE DUE SICILIE)
Born in Naples on 16 Jan. 1856, died at Arco (Trento) on 27 Dec. 1894, he was the son of Ferdinand II and of the ven. Maria Christina of Savoy. Never well… -
Francis I of Austria (II as Holy Roman Emperor) (FRANCESCO I D'AUSTRIA)
B. 12 Feb. 1768 in Florence, d. 2 March 1835 in Vienna. The firstborn son of Peter Leopold, Grand Duke of Tuscany (who ascended the imperial throne in 1790 as… -
Francis I of Valois, King of France (FRANCESCO I DI VALOIS, RE DI FRANCIA)
B. Sept. 12, 1494 to Charles of Orléans and Louise of Savoy. The death of his father and the lack of children of Louis XII assured him the succession to the… -
Francis IV of Austria-Este, Duke of Modena and Reggio (FRANCESCO IV d'Austria-Este, duca di MODENA e REGGIO)
Born on 6 Oct. 1799 at Milan, died on 18 Jan. 1846 at Modena, firstborn son of Ferdinand, archduke of Austria, and of Maria Beatrice, heiress of the duchies of… -
Francis Joseph of Habsburg-Lorraine, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (FRANCESCO GIUSEPPE DI ASBURGO-LORENA, IMPERATORE D'AUSTRIA E RE D'UNGHERIA)
Son of Archduke Francis Charles, brother of Emperor Ferdinand and of Sophia of Bavaria, b. at Laxenburg Castle on 18 Aug. 1830, d. at Schönbrunn on 21 Nov.… -
Francis Maria of Brussels (FRANCESCO MARIA DA BRUXELLES)
Capuchin theologian of the Flemish-Belgian province, b. in Brussels in 1665, d. at Ghent on 18 Oct. 1713. He became a religious at Louvain in 1682, and was… -
Francis Maria of Lecce (FRANCESCO MARIA DA LECCE)
A Franciscan from Apulia. From the province of St. Nicholas of Bari, he studied at the missionary College of St. Peter in Montorio in Rome. From 1688 to 1692… -
Francis Mary of Camporosso, Blessed (FRANCESCO MARIA DA CAMPOROSSO, BEATO)
Lay Capuchin brother, b. at Camporosso (Imperia) on 27 Dec. 1804, d. at Genoa on 17 Sept. 1866. From being a tertiary of the Conventuals of Sestri Ponente he… -
Francis Mary of the Rovere, Duke of Urbino (FRANCESCO MARIA DELLA ROVERE, DUCA D'URBINO)
Born at Senigallia on 22 March 1490, to Giovanni, brother of Julius II, and to Giovanna di Montefeltro, daughter of Duke Federico; died at Pesaro on 20 Oct.… -
Francis Mary of Tours (FRANCESCO MARIA DA TOURS)
Capuchin missionary of the ancient province of Tours, d. at Patna (Nepal) in June 1709. From Persia he passed in 1680 to the Indian missions of Surat and… -
Francis of Assisi, Saint (FRANCESCO D'ASSISI, SANTO)
Founder of three religious Orders (Friars Minor, Poor Clares, Franciscan Third Order), patron of Catholic Action; together with St. Catherine of Siena… -
Francis of Barberino (Francesco di Neri di Ranuccio) (FRANCESCO DA BARBERINO (FRANCESCO DI NERI DI RANUCCIO))
Poet, b. at Barberino in 1264, d. at Florence in 1348. He practiced the profession of notary at Bologna and at Florence. Exiled from Florence, he lived for a… -
Francis of Bologna (FRANCO DA BOLOGNA)
13th-century illuminator, mentioned by Dante (Purgatorio, X, 82-85) in contrast to Oderisi da Gubbio as an innovator. No certain works by him are known… -
Francis of Cordova (FRANCESCO DA CORDOVA)
FRANCESCO DA CORDOVA: v. PIETRO DA CORDOVA e LAS CASAS. -
Francis of Corigliano Calabro (FRANCESCO DA CORIGLIANO CALABRO)
FRANCESCO DA CORIGLIANO CALABRO: v. LONGO, FRANCESCO. -
Francis of Cristofano (FRANCESCO DI CRISTOFANO)
FRANCESCO DI CRISTOFANO: v. FRANCIABIGIO. -
Francis of Fabriano, Blessed (FRANCESCO DA FABRIANO, BEATO)
Franciscan, b. 2 Sept. 1251, d. 22 Apr. 1322. Of the Venimbeni family, he entered the Franciscan Order in 1267; having become a priest, he exercised the… -
Francis of Jesus Mary (FRANCESCO DI GESÙ MARIA)
Discalced Carmelite theologian, a native of Burgos, d. at Salamanca in 1677. He taught theology for many years in the famous college of Salamanca, was prior of… -
Francis of Jesus, surnamed Indignus (FRANCESCO DI GESÙ, SOPRANNOMINATO INDIGNUS)
In the world Francisco Ruiz-Mexia, b. in Los Hinojosos (Cuenca, Spain) on 4 Oct. 1529, d. there on 10 June 1601. He entered the Order of Discalced Carmelites… -
Francis of Marchia (FRANCESCO DELLA MARCA)
Scholastic of the 14th century. Wadding errs when he believes these names must be applied to three different figures. A Doctor of the Sorbonne, F. championed… -
Francis of Meyronnes (FRANCESCO DE MEYRONNES)
Franciscan of the 13th-14th century. According to Roth, F. was born not later than 1288 and died, as it seems, not earlier than 1328 at Piacenza. He studied in… -
Francis of Osuna (FRANCESCO DA OSUNA)
Franciscan theologian and orator, nicknamed the "minorite Chrysologus." «Alla fede en prima se todo macebo cristiano comanda coltendo all'poolcio e onde se la… -
Francis of Pamplona (FRANCESCO DA PAMPLONA)
Called "the Spanish Capuchin," a singular figure of a man of arms and a Capuchin lay brother, in the world Tiburcio de Redin, b. at Pamplona on 11 Aug. 1597… -
Francis of Paola, Saint (FRANCESCO DI PAOLA, SANTO)
Founder of the Order of Minims. Born at Paola in Calabria, on 27 March 1416. At the age of twelve he wore the Franciscan votive habit for a year, and having… -
Francis of Siena (FRANCESCO DA SIENA)
Carmelite priest of the 14th century. While residing in Cremona, with apostolic vehemence and frankness he undertook to preach against the vice of blasphemy… -
Francis of Stefano (FRANCESCO DI STEFANO)
FRANCIS OF STEFANO: V. PESELLINO. -
Francis of Toulouse (FRANCESCO DA TOLOSA)
A Capuchin preacher of the ancient province of Toulouse, he became a religious on 14 May 1628, and died at Toulouse on 26 April 1678. He gathered his… -
Francis of Victoria (FRANCESCO DA VITORIA)
Dominican theologian, b. probably at Vitoria (Alava) ca. 1492, d. at Salamanca on 12 Aug. 1546. I. LIFE. - A religious in the convent of St. Paul in Burgos… -
Francis of Zumpano (FRANCESCO DA ZUMPANO)
Calabrian Augustinian, reformer of his Order, b. at Zumpano ca. 1455, d. at Soverato in Nov. 1519, for which reason he is also called F. da Soverato. Wishing… -
Francis Regis, Saint (FRANCESCO REGIS, SANTO)
FRANCESCO REGIS, santo: v. GIOVANNI FRANCESCO REGIS. -
Francis Solano, Saint (FRANCESCO SOLANO, SANTO)
Famous Spanish Franciscan missionary, b. at Montilla (Andalusia), on 10 March 1549, d. at Lima (Peru) on 14 July 1610. He entered the Franciscan order in 1569.… -
Francis Xavier (Don Francisco de Jasu y Xavier), Saint (FRANCESCO SAVERIO (DON FRANCISCO DE JASU Y XAVIER), SANTO)
Jesuit missionary and patron of the missions, b. in the castle of Xavier (Navarre) on 7 April 1506 to don Juan de Jasu, doctor of the University of Bologna… -
Franck, César-Auguste
Organist and composer, b. at Liège on 10 Dec. 1822, d. at Paris on 8 Nov. 1890. After beginning his studies at Liège, in 1835 he went to Paris with his family.… -
Francke, August Hermann
Protestant theologian and educator, b. at Lübeck on 12 March 1663, d. at Halle on 8 June 1727. He studied theology at Erfurt, Kiel and Leipzig, and in the… -
Franck, Kaspar
Theologian and controversialist, b. at Ortrand (Meissen-Saxony) on 2 Nov. 1543, d. at Ingolstadt on 12 March 1584. In 1568 he abjured Lutheranism, in which he… -
Franck, Sebastian
Protestant historian and philosopher, b. at Donauwörth in 1499, d. at Basel in 1542 or 1543. Having passed from Catholicism to Protestantism in 1527 and moved… -
Franco, Antonio
Jesuit hagiographic writer, b. in 1662 at Montalvão in Portugal, d. 3 March 1732 at Evora. Besides the translation of the Indicaba universalis of Francesco… -
Franco (Franke), Johannes
Dominican mystic, d. between 1347 and 1351. Among various confreres who around the year 1300 bore the name, a very Cologne one, of F. (Franke), Giovanni was… -
Franco, Giovanni Giuseppe
Jesuit, brother and confrere of the very well-known preacher Father Secondo, born in Turin on 26 January 1824, died in Rome on 15 January 1908. Received into… -
Francone
FRANCONE: v. BONIFACIO VII, ANTIPAPA. -
Franco of Cologne (FRANCO DI COLONIA)
Music theorist and composer, active in the 13th century (ca. 1250-80). From manuscripts of his works it is known that he was chaplain to the Pope and… -
Franco of Perugia (FRANCO DI PERUGIA)
Dominican missionary who lived between the 13th and 14th centuries. In the years 1292-93 he taught theology (curator sententiarum) in Florence and Naples; then… -
Franco of Siena (FRANCO DA SIENA)
FRANCO da SIENA: v. LIPPI, FRANCO, beato. -
Franco, Secondo
Jesuit, preacher, b. in Turin on 22 Jan. 1817, d. there on 10 Nov. 1893. He preached the word of God assiduously in all its forms at Massa Carrara, Bastia… -
Francovich, Mattia
FRANCOVICH, MATTIA: v. FLACIO, MATTIA. -
Frangipani, Fabio Mirto
Bishop of Nazareth, d. in March 1587. In August 1568 he was sent by Pius V as nuncio to France, where he remained until 1572. He worked to induce King Charles… -
Frangipani, Family (FRANGIPANI, FAMIGLIA)
A noble and powerful Roman family, which in the 11th and 12th centuries exercised extensive power in the city and in papal elections. The name, in its various… -
Frangipani, Ottavio Mirto
Bishop of Caiazzo and archbishop of Taranto, d. in 1612. On 13 June 1587 he was sent by Sixtus V as nuncio for Germany, with his seat in Cologne. During this… -
Frankenberg, Johann Heinrich
Archbishop of Malines and cardinal, b. 18 Sept. 1726 at Glogau, of a noble and ancient Silesian family, d. 12 June 1804 at Breda. He entered the career > (from… -
Frank, Janob
Jewish pseudo-messiah, b. in Poland in 1726, d. at Offenbach on 10 Dec. 1791. He gave rise to the movement that was named "Frankism" after him. He emigrated… -
Franklin, Benjamin
Writer, inventor, diplomat, b. in Boston on 17 Jan. 1706, d. in Philadelphia on 17 Apr. 1790. He spent his early youth in the austerely Puritan climate of New… -
Franks (FRANCHI)
The prehistory of the F. before their entry into Gaul is unknown. One can only infer a previous settlement of theirs on the right bank of the lower Rhine: from… -
Fransoni, Luigi
Archbishop of Turin, b. March 29, 1789 in Genoa, d. March 26, 1862 in Lyon. In 1797 he took refuge in Rome. Returning to Genoa in 1814, he took up the… -
Franz, Adolf
Scholar of liturgical questions and politician, b. 21 Dec. 1842 at Langenbielau, d. 6 Nov. 1916 at Baden-Baden. Ordained priest in 1867, he carried on active… -
Franzelin, Giovanni Battista
Theologian and cardinal, b. 15 April 1816 at Altino (Alto Adige), d. in Rome on 11 February 1886. After completing his gymnasium studies at Bolzano with the… -
Franzini, Antonio
Ascetical writer, b. at Mariana (Corsica) on 12 Jan. 1696, d. at Naples on 27 Apr. 1764. Admitted to the Congregation of the Mission in Rome, already a priest… -
Franziskanische Studien
German quarterly journal founded in 1914 in Münster in Westphalia by Fr. Beda Kleinschmidt O.F.M., with the aim of studying the influence of Franciscanism in… -
Frascati, Diocese of (FRASCATI, DIOCESI DI)
The suburbicarian diocese of F. in the province of Rome comprises the north-western zone of the Latian hills and over an area of 150 sq km counts: 50,000… -
Frascolla, Berardino Maria
Bishop of Foggia, b. at Andria on 3 July 1811, d. at Rome on 30 Dec. 1869. A learned theologian, he taught in the Seminary and was a canon of Andria. When Pius… -
Frashokereti
FRASHOKERETI: v. PARSISMO. -
Frassati, Pier Giorgio
Servant of God, b. in Turin on 6 April 1901, d. there on 4 July 1925. His formation was shaped, besides by his family upbringing, by his membership in Catholic… -
Frassinetti, Giuseppe
Priest, founder of the Sons of Mary Immaculate, b. in Genoa in 1804, died there on 2 January 1868; brother of the blessed Paola F., foundress of the Dorothean… -
Frassinetti, Paula, Blessed (FRASSINETTI, PAOLA, BEATA)
Foundress of the Institute of the Sisters of St. Dorothy, b. in Genoa on 3 March 1809, d. in Rome on 11 June 1882. After a fervent youth she collaborated at… -
Fraternal Correction (CORREZIONE FRATERNA)
It is the private admonition of a person to turn him away from sin. The motive of fraternal correction is charity, its end the amendment of the sinner (Sum.… -
Fraternity of Unity (FRATRUM UNITAS)
"Jednota bratrská" (Unity of the Brethren), also called "Čeští Bratři," a heretical sect in Bohemia in the 15th-17th centuries. It is a section of those who… -
Fraticelli
Name given to a sect that formed at the beginning of the 14th century and lasted until the second half of the 15th century. The name, in itself a diminutive of… -
Fratres Barbati
FRATRES BARBATI: v. BULLATORES. -
Fraud (FRODE)
I. NOTION. - The word fraud (from fraus, deceit, cunning, malice) generally means any artifice or trick capable of leading others into error. Early Roman law… -
Fravashi
FRAVASHI: V. IRAN, RELIGIONE dell'. -
Frayssinous, Denis-Luc-Antoine
Bishop and apologist, b. at Vayssière on 9 May 1765, and d. there on 12 Dec. 1841. Having entered the Society of St. Sulpice in Paris, he was ordained a priest… -
Frazer, James George
Ethnologist who can be considered the epigone of evolutionary ethnology, represented in England by E. B. Tylor. He was b. in Glasgow on 1 Jan. 1854, and d. in… -
Fredegar (Pseudo) (FREDEGARIO (PSEUDO))
Under this name, no older than the 16th century (it is claimed to be either the Latin form of the surname of the humanist Freher or an invention of the… -
Fredegisus of Tours (FREDEGISO DI TOURS)
English scholastic, b. probably in the last quarter of the 8th century (a letter of Alcuin from 798 calls him a "puer"), d. in 834. He was a disciple of Alcuin… -
Frederick I Barbarossa, Emperor (FEDERICO I BARBAROSSA, IMPERATORE)
Nephew of Conrad III, founder of the power of the Swabian duchy, son of Frederick of Swabia and of the Bavarian Judith, sister of Henry the Proud, he ascended… -
Frederick II, Emperor (FEDERICO II, IMPERATORE)
Grandson of Frederick Barbarossa and son of Henry VI and Constance of Hauteville, F. of Hohenstaufen, b. at Jesi on 26 Dec. 1194, while Henry was hastening his… -
Frederick III, Emperor (FEDERICO III, IMPERATORE)
B. Sept. 21, 1415, d. Aug. 19, 1493. Elected King of Germany on Feb. 2, 1440 (crowned in 1442), he was the last of the German rulers to take the imperial crown… -
Frederick III of Aragon, King of Sicily (FEDERICO III D'ARAGONA RE DI SICILIA)
Third son of Peter II of Aragon, b. in 1272, d. between Paternò and Catania on 25 June 1337. Second of that name on the throne of the island, he styled himself… -
Frederick III, Prince Elector and Duke of Saxony (FEDERICO III, PRINCIPE ELETTORE E DUCA DI SASSONIA)
B. at Torgau on 17 Jan. 1463, d. at Lochau on 5 May 1525. The firstborn son of Elector Ernest, he succeeded his father in Aug. 1486. He promoted the sciences… -
Frederick II, the Great, King of Prussia (FEDERICO II, IL GRANDE, RE DI PRUSSIA)
Born in Berlin on 24 Jan. 1712, died at Potsdam on 16 Aug. 1786. The firstborn son of King Frederick William I and of Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, rigidly… -
Frederick I, King of Prussia (FEDERICO I, RE DI PRUSSIA)
Born July 11, 1657, died Feb. 25, 1713. In 1688 he succeeded his father in the electorate of Brandenburg. His participation in the War of the Spanish… -
Frederick I of Aragon, King of Naples (FEDERICO I D'ARAGONA, RE DI NAPOLI)
Born to Ferrante I and Isabella of Chiaromonte, probably on 16 Oct. 1451. His father destined him for diplomatic and military missions, among them the one… -
Frederick V, Elector Palatine, King of Bohemia (FEDERICO V, ELETTORE PALATINO, RE DI BOEMIA)
B. 26 Aug. 1596, d. 29 Nov. 1632. He strengthened his European position by marrying Elizabeth, daughter of James I of England (1613). In 1619 he accepted the… -
Frederick William III, King of Prussia (FEDERICO GUGLIELMO III, RE DI PRUSSIA)
B. 3 Aug. 1770 at Potsdam, d. 7 June 1840 at Berlin. Having ascended the throne in 1797, he ceded in 1801, by the Treaty of Lunéville, the lands on the left… -
Frederick William II, King of Prussia (FEDERICO GUGLIELMO II, RE DI PRUSSIA)
B. 25 Sept. 1744, d. 16 Nov. 1797. Son of Augustus William, firstborn of Frederick II, having predeceased his father in 1758, he succeeded the latter in 1786.… -
Frederick William I, King of Prussia (FEDERICO GUGLIELMO I, RE DI PRUSSIA)
B. 15 Aug. 1688, d. 21 May 1740. The Northern War forced him to come to terms with Peter I of Russia; in 1715 he declared war on Sweden, and by the Peace of… -
Frederick William IV, King of Prussia (FEDERICO GUGLIELMO IV, RE DI PRUSSIA)
B. 15 Oct. 1795 in Berlin, d. 2 Jan. 1861 at Sanssouci. He succeeded his father Frederick William III in 1840 and sought to eliminate the conflicts with the… -
Frediani, Francesco
Franciscan, scholar and philologist, b. at Pruno (Lucca) in Dec. 1804, son of the famous traveler Domenico, d. at Marano (Naples) on 10 Aug. 1856. He taught… -
Frediano, Saint (FREDIANO, SANTO)
Bishop of Lucca, lived in the 6th century, born almost certainly in Ireland, perhaps of royal lineage. He was educated at Dromore by St. Colman and on the… -
Fredoli, Berengarius (FREDOLI, BERENGARIO)
French canonist, b. in the castle of Vienna ca. 1250, d. at Avignon (11 June 1323), was chaplain domini Popae (editor of the Rota), doctor decretorum… -
Free Collation (LIBERA COLLAZIONE)
LIBERA COLLAZIONE : v. PROVVISTA CANONICA. -
Freedom (LIBERTÀ)
In general it is the independence that man claims for his actions, whether in relation to the forces of nature (rational liberty in the broad sense), or in… -
Freedom of Jesus Christ (LIBERTÀ DI GESÙ CRISTO)
Free will (v. LIBERTÀ) is an essential property of an intellectual or rational nature. I. CATHOLIC DOCTRINE. - It is of faith (Vatican Council, sess. III… -
Freedom of Teaching (INSEGNAMENTO, LIBERTÀ D')
It is one of the applications of natural right, that is, the right that he who possesses the truth has to communicate it to others. The exercise of such… -
Free Examination (LIBERO ESAME)
LIBERO ESAME: v. LUTERO, MARTIN; RIFORMA. -
Freemasonry (MASSONERIA)
A secret society of a cosmopolitan and initiatory character, which arose with the aim of uniting men of all nations in brotherhood and of organizing society on… -
Free Spirit (Spirit of Freedom) (LIBERO SPIRITO (SPIRITO DI LIBERTÀ))
Under these names various groups of heretical sects are designated which from the middle of the thirteenth century until the whole of the fifteenth century are… -
Free State (STATO LIBERO)
F.s., or more precisely freedom of state, is the condition in which spouses must find themselves in order to contract marriage validly. In a broad sense it is… -
Free Thinkers (LIBERI PENSATORI)
This name designates all those who, rejecting any revelation or dogmatic definition of religious or moral truths, claim for rational and human capacities an… -
Freetown and Bo (FREETOWN E BO)
Diocese of British West Africa, comprising the territory of the Colony of Sierra Leone on the Atlantic coast, between French Guinea and Liberia. On 13 April… -
Free Will (ARBITRIO LIBERO)
ARBITRIO LIBERO: v. LIBERTÀ. -
Free Zone and Free Port (ZONA FRANCA E PORTO FRANCO)
This is the term for those privileged centers which enjoy customs exemption for all goods coming from abroad that flow into them and which, after a more or… -
Fregoso, Federico
Cardinal, b. in Genoa ca. 1480, d. at Gubbio on 22 July 1541. At the request of the Duke of Urbino, his uncle, Julius II appointed him archbishop of Salerno in… -
Fregoso, Paolo
Cardinal, b. in Genoa in 1430, d. in Rome on 19 March 1498. Brother of the doge Pietro, he was elected archbishop of Genoa in 1450 and received the purple from… -
Freinademetz, Joseph
Born at Badia in Val Badia (Bolzano) on 15 April 1852 to devout peasants. Ordained priest on 25 July 1875, on 4 July 1878, with the permission of his bishop… -
Freising
FREISING: V. MONACO. -
Freising (FRISINGA)
FRISINGA: V. MONACO. -
Frenasthenia, Frenasthenics (FRENASTENIA, FRENASTENICI)
The term is due to the Italian alienist Andrea Verga and was brought back into favor by S. De Sanctis, who preferred it to that of "oligophrenia" of the German… -
French Revolution (RIVOLUZIONE FRANCESE)
RIVOLUZIONE FRANCESE : V. FRANCIA. -
Frenesy (FRENESIA)
FRENESIA : V. INFERMITÀ MENTALE. -
Frenosi
An old term, proposed by Verga (from epipé = "intellect"), now disused and replaced by the more current term "petrosi" (v.) to indicate the various forms… -
Freppel, Charles-Émile (FREPPEL, CHARLES-EMILE)
French bishop and writer, b. at Obernai (Alsace) on June 1, 1827 and d. at Angers on Dec. 22, 1891. Having earned his degree in 1854, the following year he… -
Fréron, Elie-Catherine (FRERON, ELIE-CATHERINE)
French critic and journalist, b. at Quimper on 18 (20) Jan. 1718 (1719), d. at Paris on 10 March 1776. Having entered the Jesuits, he laid aside the habit in… -
Fresco (AFFRESCO)
This is the name given to any wall painting executed with colors dissolved in water on a thin layer of still "fresh" plaster, generally superimposed on… -
Frescobaldi, Girolamo (FRESCOBALDI, GEROLAMO)
Organist and composer, b. in Ferrara, where he was baptized in the Cathedral on 9 September 1583, d. in Rome on 1 March 1643. A pupil of Luzzasco Luzzaschi… -
Fresno
FRESNO: v. MONTEREY FRESNO. -
Freud, Sigmund
Born in Freiberg (Przibor) in Moravia on May 6, 1856, to an Israelite family of merchants. Having obtained his degree in medicine in Vienna in 1881, where he… -
Freycinet, Louis-Charles de Saulces de
French politician, b. 14 Nov. 1828 at Foix (Ariège), d. 15 May 1923 in Paris. A graduate of the École polytechnique in Paris, he was an engineer with the… -
Frey, Franz Andreas
German canonist and theologian, b. at Bamberg on 20 July 1763, d. there on 24 July 1820. Ordained priest on 13 March 1787 and licensed in theology the… -
Frey, Jean-Baptiste
Religious of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit, Hebraist, b. at Ingersheim (diocese of Strasbourg) on 26 April 1878, d. at Rome on 19 March 1939. He… -
Frezzi, Federico
Dominican, theologian and man of letters, b. at Foligno in the mid-fourteenth century; he taught theology at Florence, Pisa, and Bologna; he was bishop of… -
Friar Francesco (FRATE FRANCESCO)
A journal of Franciscan culture, founded in Assisi in 1924 as the official organ of the Religious Committee for the honors of St. Francis of Assisi for the… -
Fribourg, Diocese of Switzerland (FRIBURGO DI SVIZZERA, DIOCESI DI)
FRIBURGO di SVIZZERA, DIOCESI di: v. LOSANNA, DIOCESI di. -
Frideswide, Saint (FRIDESWINDA, SANTA)
Daughter of Prince Didan, born in Oxford toward the end of the 7th century. She withdrew at a very young age into a monastery built by her father in her native… -
Fridolino, Saint (FRIDOLINO, SANTO)
Abbot of Säckingen, apostle of Germany in the Merovingian era (6th-7th century). His Irish origin is contested today. He rebuilt the monastery and church of… -
Fridolin, Stephen (FRIDOLIN, STEPHAN)
Franciscan theologian (at least from 1479), b. at Winnendem (Württemberg) in 1430, lector and preacher among the Poor Clares at Nuremberg, where he d. on 17… -
Friedberg, Emil Albert
Canonist, Protestant, one of the most eminent representatives of the historical school. B. at Konitz on 22 Dec. 1837, d. at Leipzig on 7 Sept. 1910. He taught… -
Friedhofen, Peter
Founder of the Brothers of Mercy of Trier, b. at Weitersburg near Vallendar on 25 February 1819, d. at Koblenz on 27 December 1860. Left an orphan of both… -
Friedland, Valentino
FRIEDLAND, VALENTINO: v. TROTZENDORF. -
Friedl, Riccardo
Servant of God, Jesuit, b. 16 Sept. 1847 at Split (Dalmatia), d. at Florence on 27 Feb. 1917. Having entered the Society of Jesus on 6 Nov. 1862, he continued… -
Friendship (AMICIZIA)
Mutual affection between person and person. 1. IN THE NATURAL ORDER. - Friendship (φιλία) was studied by Aristotle, who defines it as: "a reciprocal and… -
Friendship with God (AMICIZIA CON DIO)
AMICIZIA CON DIO: V. AMORE DI DIO. -
Friends of Missions (AMIS DES MISSIONS, LES)
Association founded on 12 Dec. 1923, on the initiative of Georges Goyau and the Jesuit Father Piolet, for the purpose of making the missions, especially the… -
Friends of Sacred Art (AMICI DELL'ARTE SACRA)
Le disposizioni pontifice per l'arte sacra, emanate nel 1925, prevedono l'istituzione presso ogni diocesi, alle dipendenze della locale Commissione per l'arte… -
Friends of the Clergy (AMI DU CLERGÉ)
A Catholic weekly for the clergy, published continuously since 1 November 1878 and widely circulated in France, Belgium and Canada (published in Paris during… -
Fries, Jakob Friedrich (FRIES, JACOB FRIEDRICH)
Philosopher, b. at Barby (Saxony) on 23 Aug. 1773, d. at Jena on 10 Aug. 1843. He was educated in the schools of the Pietist confraternities and subsequently… -
Fries, Johann
Painter, b. in Fribourg ca. 1465, d. perhaps in Bern in 1518. He is one of the greatest Swiss artists, and his painting, still entirely turned toward the… -
Frieze (FREGIO)
The central zone of the entablature, between the architrave and the cornice, of a character that varies according to the architectural orders (v.). In Early… -
Frins, Victor
Jesuit, theologian, b. at Aachen on 17 Sept. 1840, d. at Bonn on 13 Apr. 1912. He taught philosophy and theology at the Seminary of Regensburg; Sacred… -
Frisians (Frisoni) (FRISI (FRISONI))
A people of Germanic stock which, ever since it is mentioned in history, has been settled on the shores of the North Sea between the mouths of the Scheldt and… -
Fristel, Marie-Amélie
Religious, b. at St-Malo on 10 Oct. 1798, d. at Paramé on 14 Oct. 1865. Accepting the inheritance of a pious gentleman, she founded at Des-Chênes a home for… -
Fritzen, Adolf
Bishop of Strasbourg, b. 10 Aug. 1838 at Cleve, d. at Strasbourg on 7 Sept. 1919. Ordained a priest in 1862, he was from 1874 to 1887 tutor to the children of… -
Friuli
Name derived from Forum Iulii (later Patria del F.), by which is designated the territory that extends to the Isonzo and the Timavo to the east, to the course… -
Fröbel, Friedrich
Pedagogue, founder of the modern "kindergartens," b. at Oberweissbach (Thuringia) on 21 April 1782; d. at Marienthal (St.-Meiningen) on 21 June 1852. The son… -
Froben, Johann (Frobenius)
German printer and publisher, b. at Hammelburg (a small town in Lower Franconia, in Bavaria) in 1460, d. at Basel in 1537. A proofreader in the printing house… -
Frohschammer, Jakob (FROHSCHAMMER, JACOB)
Philosopher b. 6 Jan. 1821 at Illkoven (Ratisbon), d. 14 Apr. 1893 at Bad Kreut. Ordained priest in 1847, he taught, from 1850 as a lecturer, from 1854 as… -
Frois (Fross), Luís (FROIS (FROSS), LUIS)
Jesuit, missionary and historiographer, b. in Beja (Portugal) in 1532, or more probably in 1528, d. at Nagasaki on 8 July 1597. Sent to India while still a… -
Froissart, Jean
Chronicler and poet, b. at Valenciennes in 1337 (?), d. in Hainaut after 1404. He is famous for his Chroniques, a colorful fresco of the wars in Europe from… -
Froment, Antoine
Born at Mens (Grenoble) in 1509. Converted by Farel to the "Reformation," he was the first to preach the new doctrines in Geneva. In 1533 he had to flee from… -
Froment, Nicolas
French painter, b. at Uzès. Information about him runs from 1461, the year in which he painted the triptych with the Raising of Lazarus, today in the Uffizi… -
Frontispiece, The (FRONTESPIZIO, IL)
Monthly review founded in Florence in 1929 by Piero Bargellini, under the auspices of Giovanni Papini. It was one of the most thoughtful, lively and up-to-date… -
Frontone
The upper terminal part of a facade, generally triangular in shape so as to follow the slope of the roof. It was adopted in the earliest Christian buildings… -
Frontone, Marcus Aurelius (FRONTONE, MARCO AURELIO)
Orator, born at Cirta (Numidia) ca. 100 A.D., was tutor to M. Aurelius and L. Verus; consul in 143. His greatest glory came not from his mediocre writings in… -
Froude, James Anthony
English historian and essayist, b. at Dartington on 23 April 1818, d. there on 20 October 1894. He took part in the Tractarian movement and was a contributor… -
Fructuosus, Saint (FRUTTUOSO, SANTO)
Archbishop of Braga. Of royal family, he studied with Conantius, bishop of Palencia around 625. Having become a cleric, he withdrew to solitude; he had many… -
Fructuosus, Saint, Martyr (FRUTTUOSO, SANTO, MARTIRE)
Bishop of Tarragona, arrested on 16 January 250 together with the deacons Augurius and Eulogius, in application of the second edict of the emperor Valerian… -
Frugoni, Carlo Innocenzo
Poet, b. in Genoa on 21 Nov. 1692, d. in Parma on 20 Dec. 1768. He spent most of his life at the Farnese court, praised and acclaimed as the greatest lyric… -
Frühwirth, Andreas
Dominican cardinal, b. at S. Anna (Styria) on 21 Aug. 1845, d. in Rome on 9 Feb. 1933, buried at S. Anna. Having changed his baptismal name, Francesco, to the…