Francis Mary of the Rovere, Duke of Urbino(FRANCESCO MARIA DELLA ROVERE, DUCA D'URBINO)Vol. V, p. 962 FRANCESCO MARIA della Rovere, duke of URBINO. — Born at Senigallia on 22 March 1490, to Giovanni, brother of Giulio II, and Giovanna di Montefeltro, daughter…
Francis Mary of Tourette(FRANCESCO MARIA DA TOURE)Vol. V, p. 962 FRANCESCO MARIA da TOURE. - Capuchin missionary of the ancient province of Tours, died at Patna (Nepal) in June 1709. From Persia he went in 1680 to the Indian…
Francis of Assisi, Saint(FRANCESCO D'ASSISI, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 937 FRANCESCO d'ASSISI, saint. — Founder of three religious Orders (Friars Minor, Poor Clares, Franciscan Third Order), patron of Catholic Action; together with s.…
Francis of Barberino (Francesco di Neri di Ranuccio)(FRANCESCO DA BARBERINO (FRANCESCO DI NERI DI RANUCCIO))Vol. V, p. 946 FRANCESCO DA BARBERINO (FRANCESCO DI NERI DI RANUCCIO). - Poet, b. at Barberino in 1264, d. at Firenze in 1348. He practised as a notary in Bologna and…
Francis of Bologna(FRANCO DA BOLOGNA)Vol. V, p. 1007 FRANCO da BOLOGNA. – A 13th-century illuminator, mentioned by Dante (Purgatorio, X, 82–85) in contrast to Oderisi da Gubbio as an innovator. No certain works…
Francis of Cordova(FRANCESCO DA CORDOVA)Vol. V, p. 947 FRANCESCO DA CORDOVA: v. PIETRO DA CORDOVA e LAS CASAS.
Francis of Corigliano Calabro(FRANCESCO DA CORIGLIANO CALABRO)Vol. V, p. 947 FRANCESCO DA CORIGLIANO CALABRO: v. LONGO, FRANCESCO.
Francis of Cristofano(FRANCESCO DI CRISTOFANO)Vol. V, p. 947 FRANCESCO DI CRISTOFANO: v. FRANCIABIGIO.
Francis of Fabriano, Blessed(FRANCESCO DA FABRIANO, BEATO)Vol. V, p. 947 FRANCESCO DA FABRIANO, blessed. — Franciscan, born on 2 September 1251, died on 22 April 1322. A member of the Venimbeni family, he entered the Franciscan…
Francis of Jesus Mary(FRANCESCO DI GESÙ MARIA)Vol. V, p. 949 FRANCESCO di Gesù Maria. – A Discalced Carmelite theologian, originally from Burgos, who died in Salamanca in 1677. He taught theology for many years at the…
Francis of Jesus, Surnamed Indignus(FRANCESCO DI GESÙ, SOPRANNOMINATO INDIGNUS)Vol. V, p. 949 FRANCESCO di Gesù, surnamed Indignus. - In the world Francesco Ruiz-Mexia, born at Los Hinojosos (Cuenca, Spain) on 4 Oct. 1529, died there on 10 June 1601. He…
Francis of Marchia (Fr. Rubens, Fr. da Pignano, Fr. d'Appignano, Fr. de Esculo)(FRANCESCO DELLA MARCA (FR. RUBENS, FR. DA PIGNANO, FR. D'APPIGNANO, FR. DE ESCULO))Vol. V, p. 949 FRANCESCO della MARCA (Fr. Rubens, Fr. da Pignano, Fr. d'Appignano, Fr. de Esculo). – Sco- CVRSVS THEOLOGIÆ MORALIS TOMVS PRIMVS. COMPLECTENS SEPTEM TRACTATVS.…
Francis of Meyronnes(FRANCESCO DE MEYRONNES)Vol. V, p. 949 FRANCESCO de MEYRONNES. - Franciscan of the 13th-14th century. According to Roth, F. was born no later than 1288 and died, it seems, no earlier than 1328 in…
Francis of Osuna(FRANCESCO DA OSUNA)Vol. V, p. 950 FRANCESCO da OSUNA. - Franciscan theologian and orator, nicknamed the "Minorite Chrysostom". (da P. F. da Ros. Le pires François d'Osuna, Parigi 1931)…
Francis of Pamplona(FRANCESCO DA PAMPLONA)Vol. V, p. 951 FRANCESCO da PAMPLONA. - Known as “The Spanish Capuchin,” a singular figure both as a man of arms and as a Capuchin lay brother, in the world Tiburcio de…
Francis of Paola, Saint(FRANCESCO DI PAOLA, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 951 FRANCESCO di PAOLA, saint. — Founder of the Order of Minims. Born at Paola in Calabria on 27 March 1416. At the age of twelve he put on the Franciscan votive…
Francis of Siena(FRANCESCO DA SIENA)Vol. V, p. 957 FRANCESCO DA SIENA. - Carmelite priest of the fourteenth century. While residing in Cremona, with vehemence and apostolic frankness he began to preach against…
Francis of Stefano(FRANCESCO DI STEFANO)Vol. V, p. 957 FRANCESCO DI STEFANO: V. PESELLINO.
Francis of Toulouse(FRANCESCO DA TOLOSA)Vol. V, p. 957 FRANCESCO DA TOLOSA. - A Capuchin preacher of the ancient province of Tolosa, he entered religious life on 14 May 1628; d. at Tolosa on 26 Apr. 1678. He…
Francis of Victoria(FRANCESCO DA VITORIA)Vol. V, p. 958 FRANCESCO DA VITORIA. - Dominican theologian, born probably at Vitoria (Alava) about 1492, died at Salamanca on 12 Aug. 1546. I. LIFE. - A religious in the…
Francis of Zumpano(FRANCESCO DA ZUMPANO)Vol. V, p. 959 FRANCESCO da ZUMPANO. - Calabrian Augustinian, reformer of his Order, b. at Zumpano c. 1455, d. at Soverato in Nov. 1519, whence he is also called F. da…
Francis Regis, Saint(FRANCESCO REGIS, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 962 FRANCESCO REGIS, Saint: v. GIOVANNI FRANCESCO REGIS.
Francis Solano, Saint(FRANCESCO SOLANO, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 957 FRANCESCO SOLANO, saint. — A celebrated Spanish Franciscan missionary, born at Montilla (Andalusia) on 10 March 1549, died at Lima (Peru) on 14 July 1610. He…
Francis Xavier (Don Francisco de Jasu y Xavier), Saint(FRANCESCO SAVERIO (DON FRANCISCO DE JASU Y XAVIER), SANTO)Vol. V, p. 962 FRANCESCO SAVERIO (don FRANCISCO de JASU y XAVIER), saint. – Jesuit missionary and patron of the missions, b. at the castle of Xavier (Navarra) on 7 Apr. 1506…
Franciscan Brothers of Mount Bellew(FRATELLI FRANCESCANI DI MOUNT BELLEW)Vol. V, p. 1023 FRANCISCAN BROTHERS OF MOUNT BELLEW — Religious congregation founded in the 16th century, reorganized in 1818 by the provincial of the Friars Minor of Ireland…
Franciscan Daughters of the Most Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary(FRANCESCANE FIGLIE DEI S.MI CUORI DI GERÙ E MARIA)Vol. V, p. 934 FRANCESCANE FIGLIE DEI S.MI CUORI DI GERÙ E MARIA. – They were founded by Mother Chiara Pfander (1827–82) at Olpe (Germany) in 1860. The mother house is now at…
Franciscan Educational Conference, TheVol. V, p. 1005 FRANCISCAN EDUCATIONAL CONFERENCE, THE. – Periodical publication issued under the auspices of the association of English-speaking Franciscans of the same name.…
Franciscan Friars Minor(FRATI MINORI FRANCESCANI)Vol. V, p. 1025 FRATRES MINORES (FRANCISCANS). – Mendicant order founded by St. Francis of Assisi, now comprising three autonomous branches: 1) Friars Minor: O.F.M.; 2)…
Franciscan Missionaries of Egypt(FRANCESCANE MISSIONARIE D'EGITTO)Vol. V, p. 934 FRANCESCANE MISSIONARIE D'EGITTO. — A female religious institute founded in Cairo in 1859 on the initiative of Sister Caterina Troiani di S. Rosa, who,…
Franciscan Missionaries of Mary, Institute of the(FRANCESCANE MISSIONARIE DE MARIA, ISTITUTO DELLE)Vol. V, p. 934 FRANCESCANE MISSIONARIE DE MARIA, Istituto delle - A class of the middle school of Leopoldville - Belgian Congo. have 85 houses with 1,451 religious women…
Franciscan Missionaries of Mary, Institute of the(FRANCESCANE MISSIONARIE DI MARIA, ISTITUTO DELLE)Vol. V, p. 934 FRANCESCANE MISSIONARIE DI MARIA, ISTITUTO delle. — It was founded by Elena de Chappotin de Neuville, born in Nantes on 21 May 1839. Having come to Rome in…
Franciscan Missionary Sisters of S.(FRANCESCANE MISSIONARIE DI S)Vol. V, p. 937 FRANCESCANE MISSIONARIE DI S. GIUSEPPE. — They were founded by Mother Alice Inghan; at the insistence of Cardinal Vaughan, they transferred in 1874 to Mill…
Franciscan Question(QUESTIONE FRANCESCANA)Vol. X, p. 241 FRANCISCAN QUESTION. - This is the name given to the question of the biographical sources for St. Francis, and particularly of the legend called “of the Three…
Franciscan Sisters Servants of Mary(FRANCESCANE SERVE DI MARIA)Vol. V, p. 937 FRANCESCANE SERVE DI MARIA. – Founded at Blois in 1852 by Mother Virginia Vaslin with the assistance of Bishop Pallu du Parc and the priest Vénot, in 1864 the…
Franciscan Studies(ESTUDIOS FRANCISCANOS)Vol. V, p. 407 ESTUDIOS FRANCISCANOS. – Journal founded in 1907 by the Capuchin Friars of the province of Catalonia for the defense and exposition of Catholic scholarship and…
Franciscan StudiesVol. V, p. 1005 FRANCISCAN STUDIES. — A quarterly Franciscan journal founded in 1941 at St. Bonaventure College in New York through the merger of Franciscan Educational…
Franciscan Studies(STUDI FRANCESCANI)Vol. XI, p. 882 FRANCISCAN STUDIES. - National scientific journal of the Friars Minor of Italy. It began publication on 1 June 1903 under the title La Verna. Rivista…
Franciscan Tertiaries of the Holy Cross(TERZIARI FRANCESCANI DELLA SANTA CROCE)Vol. XI, p. 1222 TERZIARI FRANCESCANI DELLA SANTA CROCE. – They were founded by Brother Giacomo Wirth (1830–72), who was the first superior general, and Brother Antonio Weber…
Franciscan Tertiaries of Wald-Breitbach(FRANCESCANI TERZIARI DI WALD-BREITBACH)Vol. V, p. 937 FRANCESCANI TERZIARI DI WALD-BREITBACH: v. TERZIARI FRANCESCANI DELLA S. CROCE.
Franciscans(FRANCESCANE)Vol. V, p. 932 FRANCESCANE. – Religious women who arose in various countries and periods according to the spirit of St Francis of Assisi:
Franciscans Known as the Little Sisters of the Orphans(FRANCESCANE DETTE PICCOLE SUORE DEGLI ORFANI)Vol. V, p. 933 FRANCISCANS CALLED LITTLE SISTERS OF THE ORPHANS. – They were founded in 1867 at Bourg-en-Bresse (France) by the priest Giovanni Maria Griffon to provide…
Franciscans of All Saints in Florence(FRANCESCANE D'OGNISSANTI A FIRENZE)Vol. V, p. 934 FRANCESCANE D'OGNISSANTI A FIRENZE. — Congregation developed from an institute of Tertiaries founded by Elisabetta Corsini di Bagnano in 1711, which did not…
Franciscans of Christ the King(FRANCESCANE DI CRISTO RE)Vol. V, p. 933 FRANCESCANE DI CRISTO RE. – They were founded in 1459 in Venice, at S. Francesco della Vigna, by Maria Benedetta di Carignano Savoia and Maria Angelica Canal,…
Franciscans of Montpellier(FRANCESCANE DI MONTPELLIER)Vol. V, p. 933 FRANCISCANS OF MONTPELLIER. – Congregation founded in 1861 by Mother François du St-Esprit (1821–82) with the assistance of Mgr. Thibaut, bishop of…
Franciscans of Our Lady at Tempig(FRANCESCANE DI NOSTRA SIGNORA AL TEMPIG)Vol. V, p. 933 FRANCESCANE DI NOSTRA SIGNORA AL TEMPIG. – They were founded in 1858 at Dorat (France) by the priest Rougier (1853–95). They devote themselves to caring for…
Franciscans of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour(FRANCESCANE DI NOSTRA SIGNORA DEL PERPETUO SOCCORSO)Vol. V, p. 933 FRANCISCAN SISTERS OF OUR LADY OF PERPETUAL HELP. – They were founded among the Polish women of the United States in 1901 by Archbishop John J. Kain in St.…
Franciscans of S.(FRANCESCANE DELLA S)Vol. V, p. 932 FRANCESCANE DELLA S. FAMIGLIA. — They were founded in Dubuque, Iowa (U.S.A.) in 1875 by Mother Saveria Termehr and other sisters of the Congregation of…
Franciscans of S.(FRANCESCANE DI S)Vol. V, p. 933 FRANCESCANE DI S. GIORGIO MARTIRE IN THUINE (GERMANIA). – Dedicated to the care of the sick and orphans and to teaching, they were founded in 1869 by Mother…
Franciscans of Saint Cunegonda(FRANCESCANE DI S. CUNEGONDA)Vol. V, p. 933 FRANCESCANE DI S. CUNEGONDA. – Founded in Chicago in 1894, where the mother house is still located, they have 24 houses in various dioceses of the United…
Franciscans of Saint Mary of the Angels of Wald-Breitbach(FRANCESCANE DI S. MARIA DEGLI ANGELI DI WALD-BREITBACH)Vol. V, p. 933 Franciscans of St Mary of the Angels of Wald-Breitbach. — Founded by Mother Rosa (Margherita) Flesch (1826–1906) in 1862, they soon spread widely. In 1904 they…
Franciscans of the Afflicted (Warsaw)(FRANCESCANE DEGLI AFFLITTI (VARSAVIA))Vol. V, p. 932 FRANCESCANE DEGLI AFFLITTI (VARSAVIA). - In a small building in Varsavia, some pious women began, in 1858, to give charitable shelter to poor unemployed…
Franciscans of the Family of Mary(FRANCESCANE DELLA FAMIGLIA DI MARIA)Vol. V, p. 932 FRANCESCANE DELLA FAMIGLIA DI MARIA. – They were founded in 1856 in Petersburg and approved in Warsaw by Archbishop Sigmondo Felice Felinski. They were…
Franciscans of the Holy Family of Treviri(FRANCESCANE DELLA S. FAMIGLIA DI TREVINI)Vol. V, p. 932 FRANCESCANE DELLA S. FAMIGLIA DI TREVINI. – They were founded by Mother Elisabetta Koch (1815–99) at Eupen in 1839, but the first house was established at…
Franciscans of the Immaculate Conception (Modena)(FRANCESCANE DELL'IMMACOLATA CONCEZIONE (MODENA))Vol. V, p. 932 FRANCISCANS OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION (MODENA). — The Institute arose in 1881 in Palagano, Modena, with the approval of the local Ordinary. On March 8,…
Franciscans of the Immaculate Conception of Bonlanden(FRANCESCANE DELL'IMMACOLATA CONCEZIONE DI BONLANDEN)Vol. V, p. 933 FRANCISCAN SISTERS OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION OF BONLANDEN. – They were founded in 1856 at Bonlanden in Germany by the priest Faustino Mennel (1824–89) and…
Franciscans of the Immaculate Conception of Lons-le-Saunier(FRANCESCANE DELL'IMMACOLATA CONCEZIONE DI LONS LE SAUNIER)Vol. V, p. 933 FRANCISCANS OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION OF LONS LE SAUNIER. – Founded in 1857 at Macorney by the priest Roland (1794–1865), a Franciscan tertiary, for the…
Franciscans of the Immaculate Conception of S.(FRANCESCANE DELL'IMMACOLATA CONCEZIONE DI S)Vol. V, p. 933 FRANCISCAN SISTERS OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION OF S. PIERO A PONTI. — Founded in 1876 by the priest Olginto Fedi and Sister Francesca Tarducci, they were…
Franciscans of the Most Blessed Sacrament(FRANCESCANE DEL S.MO SACRAMENTO)Vol. V, p. 933 FRANCISCANS OF THE MOST HOLY SACRAMENT. — They were founded in 1898 at Bertinoro (Forlì) by Mother Maria Chiara Serafina di Gesù (Francesca Farolfi,…
Franciscans of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus of Joliette(FRANCESCANE DEL S.MO CUORE DI GESÙ DI JOLIETTE)Vol. V, p. 933 FRANCISCANS OF THE MOST HOLY HEART OF JESUS OF JOLIETTE. – They were founded in 1876 at Avila, Indiana (U.S.A.), by several nuns who had come from Germany; in…
Francisco De Posadas, Blessed(FRANCESCO DE POSADAS, BEATO)Vol. V, p. 952 FRANCESCO de POSADAS, blessed: v. POSADAS FRANCESCO de, beato.
Francisco De San LuisVol. V, p. 1005 FRANCISCO de SAN LUIS. — Portuguese cardinal and writer, born in Ponte de Lima on 26 January 1766, died at Marvilla on 7 May 1845. He became a Benedictine at…
Franciscus De Albano (Vercellensis)Vol. V, p. 1005 FRANCISCUS de ALBANO (Vercellensis). — Canon lawyer, born in Vercelli in the first half of the 13th century. No certain information about his life is…
Franck, César-AugusteVol. V, p. 1006 FRANCK, CÉSAR-AUGUSTE. — Organist and composer, b. at Liège on 10 December 1822, d. in Paris on 8 November 1890. Having begun his studies at Liège, in 1835 he…
Franck, KasparVol. V, p. 1006 FRANCK, KASPAR. - Theologian and controversialist, b. at Ortrand (Meissen-Saxony) on 2 Nov. 1543, d. at Ingolstadt on 12 March 1584. In 1568 he abjured…
Franck, SebastianVol. V, p. 1006 FRANCK, SEBASTIAN. - Protestant historian and philosopher, born at Donauwörth in 1499, died at Basilea in 1542 or 1543. Having passed from Catholicism to…
Francke, August HermannVol. V, p. 1006 FRANCKE, AUGUST HERMANN. — Protestant theologian and educator, born in Lübeck on 12 March 1663, died in Halle on 8 June 1727. He studied theology at Erfurt,…
Franco (Franke), JohannesVol. V, p. 1007 FRANCO (FRANKE), JOHANNES. - Dominican mystic, d. between 1347 and 1351. Among various confrères who around the year 1300 bore the distinctly Cologne name F.…
Franco of Cologne(FRANCO DI COLONIA)Vol. V, p. 1007 FRANCO di COLONIA. — Theorist and composer of music, who lived in the 13th century (ca. 1250–80). From manuscripts of his works it is known that he was…
Franco of Perugia(FRANCO DI PERUGIA)Vol. V, p. 1008 FRANCO di PERUGIA. - Dominican missionary who lived between the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. In the years 1292–93 he taught theology (curator…
Franco of Siena(FRANCO DA SIENA)Vol. V, p. 1008 FRANCO of SIENA: v. LIPPI, FRANCO, beato.
Franco, AntonioVol. V, p. 1007 FRANCO, ANTONIO. — Jesuit hagiographical writer, born in 1662 at Montalvão in Portugal, died on 3 March 1732 at Evora. In addition to the translation of…
Franco, Giovanni GiuseppeVol. V, p. 1007 FRANCO, GIOVANNI GIUSEPPE. — Jesuit, brother and confrère of Fr. Secondo, a very well-known preacher, born in Turin on 26 January 1824, died in Rome on 15…
Franco, SecondoVol. V, p. 1008 FRANCO, SECONDO. — Jesuit, preacher, born at Turin on 22 January 1817, died there on 10 November 1893. He preached the word of God assiduously in all its forms…
FranconeVol. V, p. 1008 FRANCONE: v. BONIFACIO VII, ANTIPAPA.
Francovich, MattiaVol. V, p. 1008 FRANCOVICH, MATTIA: v. FLACIO, MATTIA.
Frangipani, Fabio MirtoVol. V, p. 1008 FRANGIPANI, FABIO MIRTO. — Bishop of Nazareth, d. in March 1587. In Aug. 1568 he was sent by Pius V as nuncio to France, where he remained until 1572. He…
Frangipani, Family(FRANGIPANI, FAMIGLIA)Vol. V, p. 1008 FRANGIPANI, FAMIGLIA. — A noble and powerful Roman family which, in the 11th and 12th centuries, exercised considerable power in the city and in papal…
Frangipani, Ottavio MirtoVol. V, p. 1009 FRANGIPANI, OTTAVIO MIRTO. – Bishop of Caiazzo and archbishop of Taranto, died in 1612. On 13 June 1587 he was sent by Sixtus V as nuncio to Germany, with his…
Frank, JanobVol. V, p. 1009 FRANK, JANOB. – Jewish pseudo-messiah, born in Poland in 1726, died at Offenbach on 10 December 1791. He gave rise to the movement that was named «Frankism»…
Frankenberg, Johann HeinrichVol. V, p. 1009 FRANKENBERG, JOHANN HEINRICH. - Archbishop of Malines and cardinal, born 18 Sept. 1726 in Glogau, of an ancient and noble Silesian family, died 12 June 1804 in…
Franklin, BenjaminVol. V, p. 1009 FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN. – Writer, inventor, diplomat, b. in Boston on 17 January 1706, d. in Philadelphia on 17 April 1790. He spent his early youth in the…
Franson, Luigi(FRANSONI, LUIGI)Vol. V, p. 1010 FRANSONI, LUIGI. — Archbishop of Turin, born on 29 March 1789 in Genoa, died on 26 March 1862 in Lyon. In 1797 he took refuge in Rome. Returning to Genoa in…
Franz, AdolfVol. V, p. 1010 FRANZ, ADOLF. — Scholar of liturgical questions and politician, born on 21 December 1842 at Langenbielau, died on 6 November 1916 at Baden-Baden. Ordained a…
Franzelin, Giovanni BattistaVol. V, p. 1010 FRANZELIN, GIOVANNI BATTISTA. – Theologian and cardinal, born on 15 April 1816 at Altino (South Tyrol), died in Rome on 11 February 1886. Having completed his…
Franzini, AntonioVol. V, p. 1011 FRANZINI, ANTONIO. – Ascetical writer, born at Mariana (Corsica) on 12 January 1696, died at Naples on 27 April 1764. Already a priest, he was admitted to the…
Franziskanische StudienVol. V, p. 1011 FRANZISKANISCHE STUDIEN. — German quarterly journal founded in 1914 at Münster in Westphalia by Fr. Beda Kleinschmidt O.F.M., with the aim of studying the…
Frascati, Diocese of(FRASCATI, DIOCESI DI)Vol. V, p. 1011 FRASCATI, diocese of. — The suburbicarian diocese of F. in the province of Rome comprises the northwestern area of the Alban Hills and, over an area of 150 sq…
Frascolla, Berardino MariaVol. V, p. 1011 FRASCOLLA, BERARDINO MARIA. — Bishop of Foggia, born in Andria on 3 July 1811, died in Rome on 30 December 1869. A learned theologian, he taught at the…
FrashokeretiVol. V, p. 1011 FRASHOKERETI: v. PARSISMO.
Frassati, Pier GiorgioVol. V, p. 1012 FRASSATI, PIER GIORGIO. - Servant of God, born in Torino on 6 April 1901, died there on 4 July 1925. In addition to his family upbringing, his membership in…
Frassinetti, GiuseppeVol. V, p. 1012 FRASSINETTI, GIUSEPPE. - Priest, founder of the Sons of Mary Immaculate, b. in Genoa in 1804, d. there on 2 Jan. 1868; brother of Bl. Paola F., founder of the…
Frassinetti, Paola, Blessed(FRASSINETTI, PAOLA, BEATA)Vol. V, p. 1012 FRASSINETTI, PAOLA, blessed. - Foundress of the Institute of S. Dorotee, b. in Genova on 3 March 1809, d. in Roma on 11 June 1882. After a fervent youth, she…
Fraternal Correction(CORREZIONE FRATERNA)Vol. IV, p. 383 FRATERNAL CORRECTION. – This is a private admonition addressed to a person in order to remove that person from sin. The motive of fraternal correction is…
Fraternity of Unity(FRATRUM UNITAS)Vol. V, p. 1052 FRATRUM UNITAS. — “Jednota bratrská” (Unity of the Brethren), also called “Čeští Bratři,” a heretical sect in Bohemia from the fifteenth to the seventeenth…
FraticelliVol. V, p. 1024 FRATICELLI. — Name given to a sect that arose at the beginning of the fourteenth century and lasted until the second half of the fifteenth. The name, in itself…
FravashiVol. V, p. 1053 FRAVASHI: V. IRAN, RELIGIONE dell'.
Frayssinous, Denis-Luc-AntoineVol. V, p. 1053 FRAYSSINOUS, DENIS-LUC-ANTOINE. — Bishop and apologist, born at Vayssière on 9 May 1765, and died there on 12 December 1841. Having entered the Society of S.…
Frazer, James GeorgeVol. V, p. 1054 FRAZER, JAMES GEORGE. - Ethnologist who may be regarded as the epigone of evolutionary ethnology, represented in England by E. B. Tylor. He was born in Glasgow…
Fredegar (Pseudo)(FREDEGARIO (PSEUDO))Vol. V, p. 1056 FREDEGARIO (PSEUDO). — Under this name, no older than the sixteenth century (it is thought to be either the Latin form of the surname of the humanist Freher or…
Fredegisus of Tours(FREDEGISO DI TOURS)Vol. V, p. 1056 FREDEGISO di TOURS. - English scholar, born probably in the last quarter of the 8th century (a letter of Alcuino from 798 calls him “puer”), died in 834. He…
Frederick I Barbarossa, Emperor(FEDERICO I BARBAROSSA, IMPERATORE)Vol. V, p. 677 FEDERICO I Barbarossa, EMPEROR. — Nephew of Corrado III, founder of the power of the duchy of Bavaria, son of Federico of Swabia and of the Bavarian Giuditta,…
Frederick I Of Aragon, King Of Naples(FEDERICO I D'ARAGONA, RE DI NAPOLI)Vol. V, p. 683 FEDERICO I d'Aragona, king of NAPLES. — Born to Ferrante I and Isabella di Chiaromonte, probably on 16 October 1451. His father entrusted him with diplomatic…
Frederick I, King of Prussia(FEDERICO I, RE DI PRUSSIA)Vol. V, p. 683 FEDERICO I, king of PRUSSIA. — Born on 11 July 1657, died on 25 February 1713. In 1688 he succeeded his father in the electorate of Brandenburg. His…
Frederick II, Emperor(FEDERICO II, IMPERATORE)Vol. V, p. 678 FEDERICO II, IMPERATORE. — Grandson of Frederick Barbarossa and son of Henry VI and Constance of Hauteville, F. of Hohenstaufen was born at Jesi on 26 December…
Frederick II, the Great, King of Prussia(FEDERICO II, IL GRANDE, RE DI PRUSSIA)Vol. V, p. 683 FEDERICO II, il Grande, re di PRUSSIA. — Born in Berlin on 24 January 1712, died at Potsdam on 16 August 1786. The firstborn son of King Frederick William I…
Frederick III Of Aragon, King Of Sicily(FEDERICO III D'ARAGONA RE DI SICILIA)Vol. V, p. 684 FEDERICO III d'Aragona king of SICILY. - Third son of Pietro II d'Aragona, born in 1272, died at Paternò near Catania on 25 June 1337. The second of that name…
Frederick III, Emperor(FEDERICO III, IMPERATORE)Vol. V, p. 683 FEDERICO III, EMPEROR. - B. 21 Sept. 1415, d. 19 Aug. 1493. Elected king of Germany on 2 Feb. 1440 (crowned in 1442), he was the last of the German sovereigns…
Frederick III, Prince Elector And Duke Of Saxony(FEDERICO III, PRINCIPE ELETTORE E DUCA DI SASSONIA)Vol. V, p. 684 FEDERICO III, elector and duke of SAXONY. — Born at Torgau on 17 January 1463, died at Lochau on 5 May 1525. The firstborn son of Elector Ernesto, he succeeded…
Frederick V, Elector Palatine, King of Bohemia(FEDERICO V, ELETTORE PALATINO, RE DI BOEMIA)Vol. V, p. 676 FEDERICO V, Elector Palatine, King of BOHEMIA. — Born 26 August 1596, died 29 November 1632. He strengthened his position in Europe by marrying Elisabetta,…
Frederick William I, King of Prussia(FEDERICO GUGLIELMO I, RE DI PRUSSIA)Vol. V, p. 685 FEDERICO GUGLIELMO I, king of PRUSSIA. — Born on 15 August 1688, died on 21 May 1740. The Northern War compelled him to reach an agreement with Peter I of…
Frederick William II, King of Prussia(FEDERICO GUGLIELMO II, RE DI PRUSSIA)Vol. V, p. 685 FREDERICK WILLIAM II, king of PRUSSIA. — Born on 25 September 1744, died on 16 November 1797. The son of Augustus William, the eldest son of Frederick II, who…
Frederick William III, King of Prussia(FEDERICO GUGLIELMO III, RE DI PRUSSIA)Vol. V, p. 685 FEDERICO GUGLIELMO III, king of PRUSSIA. — Born on 3 August 1770 in Potsdam, died on 7 June 1840 in Berlin. Having ascended the throne in 1797, in 1801, by the…
Frederick William IV, King of Prussia(FEDERICO GUGLIELMO IV, RE DI PRUSSIA)Vol. V, p. 685 FEDERICO GUGLIELMO IV, king of PRUSSIA. - B. on 15 Oct. 1795 in Berlin; d. on 2 Jan. 1861 at Sans-Souci. Succeeding his father Federico Guglielmo III in 1840,…
Frediani, FrancescoVol. V, p. 1056 FREDIANI, FRANCESCO. - Franciscan, man of letters and philologist, born at Pruno (Lucca) in December 1804, son of the celebrated traveller Domenico; died at…
Frediano, Saint(FREDIANO, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 1056 FREDIANO, saint. - Bishop of Lucca, lived in the 6th century, born almost certainly in Ireland, perhaps of royal lineage. He was educated at Dromore by St.…
Fredoli, Berengarius (Berengarius Fredoli, Fredulus, de Frasolis)(FREDOLI, BERENGARIO (BERENGARIUS, FREDOLI, FREDULI, DE FRASOLIS))Vol. V, p. 1056 FREDOLI, BERENGARIO (Berengarius, Fredoli, Freduli, de Frasolis). – French canonist, born in the castle of Vienna ca. 1250, died at Avignon (511 June 1323); he…
Free Examination(LIBERO ESAME)Vol. VII, p. 765 LIBERO ESAME: v. LUTERO, MARTIN; RIFORMA.
Free Spirit (Spirit of Freedom)(LIBERO SPIRITO (SPIRITO DI LIBERTÀ))Vol. VII, p. 765 LIBERO SPIRITO (SPIRIT OF LIBERTY).— These names designate various groups of heretical sects found from the mid-thirteenth century through the whole of the…
Free State(STATO LIBERO)Vol. XI, p. 765 FREE STATUS. — F. s., or more precisely freedom of status, is the condition in which the spouses must find themselves in order to contract marriage validly. In…
Free Thinkers(LIBERI PENSATORI)Vol. VII, p. 762 LIBERI PENSATORI. — This name designates all those who, rejecting any revelation or dogmatic definition of religious or moral truths, claim for human rational…
Free Will(ARBITRIO LIBERO)Vol. I, p. 1055 ARBITRIO LIBERO: v. LIBERTÀ.
Free Zone and Free Port(ZONA FRANCA E PORTO FRANCO)Vol. XII, p. 1113 FREE ZONE and FREE PORT. — These are the names given to those privileged centers which enjoy customs exemption for all goods arriving there from abroad and…
Freedom(LIBERTÀ)Vol. VII, p. 770 FREEDOM. – In general, it is the independence that man claims for his actions, whether with respect to the forces of nature (rational freedom in the broad…
Freedom of Jesus Christ(LIBERTÀ DI GESÙ CRISTO)Vol. VII, p. 772 FREEDOM OF JESUS CHRIST. — Free will (v. LIBERTÀ) is an essential property of an intellectual or rational nature. I. CATHOLIC DOCTRINE. — It is a matter of…
Freedom Of Teaching(INSEGNAMENTO, LIBERTÀ D')Vol. VII, p. 57 INSTRUCTION, FREEDOM OF. — This is one of the applications of natural law, that is, the right possessed by one who has the truth to communicate it to others.…
Freemasonry(MASSONERIA)Vol. VIII, p. 210 Freemasonry. - A secret society of a cosmopolitan and initiatory character, established with the aim of uniting men of all nations and organizing society on…
Freetown and Bo(FREETOWN E BO)Vol. V, p. 1057 FREETOWN AND BO. DIOCESE di. — Diocese of British West Africa, comprising the territory of the Colony of Sierra Leone on the Atlantic coast, between French…
Fregoso, FedericoVol. V, p. 1057 FREGOSO, FEDERICO. - Cardinal, b. in Genova c. 1480, d. in Gubbio on 22 July 1541. At the request of his uncle, the duke of Urbino, Giulio II appointed him…
Fregoso, PaoloVol. V, p. 1058 FREGOSO, PAOLO. – Cardinal, born in Genoa in 1430, died in Rome on 19 March 1498. Brother of Doge Pietro, he was elected archbishop of Genoa in 1450 and…
Freinademetz, JosephVol. V, p. 1058 FREINADEMETZ, JOSEPH. — Born at Badia in Val Badia (Bolzano) on 15 April 1852 to pious peasants. Ordained a priest on 25 July 1875, on 4 July 1878, with the…
Freising(FRISINGA)Vol. V, p. 1065 FRISINGA: V. MONACO.
Frenasthenia, Frenasthenics(FRENASTENIA, FRENASTENICI)Vol. V, p. 1059 FRENASTENIA, FRENASTENICI. – The term is due to the Italian alienist Andrea Verga and was restored to favor by S. De Sanctis, who preferred it to the term…
French Revolution(RIVOLUZIONE FRANCESE)Vol. X, p. 606 RIVOLUZIONE FRANCESE : V. FRANCIA.
Frenesy(FRENESIA)Vol. V, p. 1059 FRENESIA : V. INFERMITÀ MENTALE.
FrenosiVol. V, p. 1060 FRENOSI. – An ancient term, proposed by Verga (from epipé = “intellect”), now obsolete and replaced by the more commonly used term “petrosi” (v.), to indicate…
Freppel, Charles-Émile(FREPPEL, CHARLES-EMILE)Vol. V, p. 1060 FREPPEL, CHARLES-EMILE. — French bishop and writer, born at Obernai (Alsace) on 1 June 1827 and died at Angers on 22 December 1891. Having obtained his degree…
Fresco(AFFRESCO)Vol. I, p. 239 AFFRESCO. - This is the name given to any mural painting executed with colors dissolved in water on a thin layer of plaster that is still "fresh", generally…
Frescobaldi, Girolamo(FRESCOBALDI, GEROLAMO)Vol. V, p. 1061 FRESCOBALDI, GEROLAMO. – Organist and composer, born in Ferrara, where he was baptized in the Cathedral on 9 September 1583; died in Rome on 1 March 1643. A…
Freud, SigmundVol. V, p. 1061 FREUD, SIGMUND. – Born in Freiberg (Przibor), Moravia, on 6 May 1856, to a Jewish family of merchants. Having obtained his medical degree in Vienna in 1881,…
Frey, Franz AndreasVol. V, p. 1062 FREY, FRANZ ANDREAS. – German canonist and theologian, b. at Bamberg on 20 July 1763, d. there on 24 July 1820. Ordained a priest on 13 March 1787 and awarded…
Frey, Jean-BaptisteVol. V, p. 1062 FREY, JEAN-BAPTISTE. — A religious of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit and a Hebraist, born in Ingersheim (Diocese of Strasbourg) on 26 April 1878, died in…
Freycinet, Louis-Charles de Saulces deVol. V, p. 1062 FREYCINET, LOUIS-CHARLES DE SAULCES de. — French politician, born on 14 November 1828 at Foix (Ariège), died on 15 May 1923 in Paris. A graduate of the École…
Frezzi, FedericoVol. V, p. 1063 FREZZI, FEDERICO. - Dominican, theologian, and man of letters, born at Foligno in the mid-fourteenth century; he taught theology at Florence, Pisa, and…
Friar Francesco(FRATE FRANCESCO)Vol. V, p. 1012 FRATE FRANCESCO. - A journal of Franciscan culture, founded at Assisi in 1924 as the official organ of the Religious Committee for the celebrations in honour…
Fribourg, Diocese of Switzerland(FRIBURGO DI SVIZZERA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. V, p. 1063 FRIBURGO di SVIZZERA, DIOCESI di: v. LOSANNA, DIOCESI di.
Frideswinda, Saint(FRIDESWINDA, SANTA)Vol. V, p. 1063 FRIDESWINDA, saint. — Daughter of the prince Didano, born at Oxford toward the end of the 7th century. She withdrew at a very young age to a monastery built by…
Fridolin, Stephen(FRIDOLIN, STEPHAN)Vol. V, p. 1063 FRIDOLIN, STEPHAN. — Franciscan theologian (at least from 1479), born in Winnendem (Württemberg) in 1430, lecturer and preacher among the Poor Clares at…
Fridolino, Saint(FRIDOLINO, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 1064 FRIDOLINO, saint. - Abbot of Säckingen, apostle of Germany in the Merovingian period (6th–7th cent.). His Irish origin is now disputed. At Poitiers he rebuilt…
Friedberg, Emil AlbertVol. V, p. 1064 FRIEDBERG, EMIL ALBERT. — Canonist, Protestant, and one of the most eminent representatives of the historical school. Born in Konitz on 22 December 1837, died…
Friedhofen, PeterVol. V, p. 1064 FRIEDHOFEN, PETER. — Founder of the Brothers of Mercy of Trier, b. at Weitersburg near Vallendar on 25 February 1819, d. at Coblenz on 27 December 1860. Having…
Friedl, RiccardoVol. V, p. 1064 FRIEDL, RICCARDO. — Servant of God, Jesuit, b. 16 September 1847 at Spalato (Dalmatia), d. at Florence on 27 February 1917. He entered the Society of Jesus on…
Friends of Missions(AMIS DES MISSIONS, LES)Vol. I, p. 661 AMIS DES MISSIONS, Les. - An association founded on 12 Dec. 1923, on the initiative of Giorgio Goyau and the Jesuit Fr. Piolet, with the aim of making the…
Friends of Sacred Art(AMICI DELL'ARTE SACRA)Vol. I, p. 655 AMICI DELL'ARTE SACRA. — The papal provisions concerning sacred art, issued in 1925, provide for the establishment in every diocese, under the authority of the…
Friends of the Clergy(AMI DU CLERGÉ)Vol. I, p. 659 AMI DU CLERGÉ. - Catholic weekly for the clergy, published continuously since 1 November 1878 and widely circulated in France, Belgium, and Canada (published…
Friendship(AMICIZIA)Vol. I, p. 655 AMICIZIA. – Reciprocal affection between person and person. 1. IN THE NATURAL ORDER. – Friendship (φιλία) was studied by Aristotle, who defines it as “a…
Friendship with God(AMICIZIA CON DIO)Vol. I, p. 656 AMICIZIA CON DIO: V. AMORE DI DIO.
Fries, Jakob Friedrich(FRIES, JACOB FRIEDRICH)Vol. V, p. 1064 FRIES, JACOB FRIEDRICH. - Philosopher, born at Barby (Saxony) on 23 Aug. 1773, died at Jena on 10 Aug. 1843. He was educated in the schools of the Pietist…
Fries, JohannVol. V, p. 1065 FRIES, JOHANN. - Painter, b. at Friburgo ca. 1465, d. perhaps at Berna in 1518. He is one of the greatest Swiss artists, and his painting, still wholly…
Frieze(FREGIO)Vol. V, p. 1057 FREGIO. – The central zone of the entablature, between the architrave and the cornice, differing in character according to the architectural orders (v.). In…
Frins, VictorVol. V, p. 1065 FRINS, VICTOR. — Jesuit, theologian, b. at Aachen on 17 Sept. 1840, d. at Bonn on 13 Apr. 1912. He taught philosophy and theology at the Seminary of Ratisbona;…
Frisi (Frisoni)Vol. V, p. 1065 FRISI (FRISONI). — A population of Germanic stock which, from the time it first appears in history, was stationed along the shores of the North Sea between the…
Fristel, Marie-AmélieVol. V, p. 1065 FRISTEL, MARIE-AMÉLIE. – Religious, born in St-Malo on 10 October 1798, died in Paramé on 14 October 1865. On accepting the inheritance of a pious gentleman,…
Fritzen, AdolfVol. V, p. 1065 FRITZEN, ADOLF. – Bishop of Strasbourg, born on 10 August 1838 at Cleve, died at Strasbourg on 7 September 1919. Ordained a priest in 1862, from 1874 to 1887…
FriuliVol. V, p. 1065 FRIULI. – A name derived from Forum Iulii (later Patria del F.), designating the territory extending eastward as far as the Isonzo and the Timavo, westward to…
FrodeVol. V, p. 1067 FRODE. - I. NOTION. - The word f. (from fraus, deception, cunning, malice) generally means any artifice or trick capable of leading others into error.…
Frois (Fross), Luís(FROIS (FROSS), LUIS)Vol. V, p. 1068 FROIS (FROSS), LUIS. — Jesuit, missionary, and historiographer, b. ■ Beja (Portugal) in 1532, or more probably in 1528, d. at Nagasaki on 8 July 1597. Sent to…
Froissart, JeanVol. V, p. 1068 FROISSART, JEAN. – Chronicler and poet, b. at Valenciennes in 1337 (?), d. in Hainaut after 1404. He is celebrated for his Chroniques, a vivid fresco of the…
Froment, AntoineVol. V, p. 1068 FROMENT, ANTOINE. — Born at Mens (Grenoble) in 1509. Converted by Farel to the «Reformation», he was the first to preach the new doctrines in Geneva. In 1533…
Froment, NicolasVol. V, p. 1068 FROMENT, NICOLAS. - French painter, b. at Uzes. Information concerning him dates from 1461, the year in which he painted the triptych with the Resurrection of…
Frontispiece, The(FRONTESPIZIO, IL)Vol. V, p. 1068 FRONTESPIZIO, IL. — Monthly journal founded in Florence in 1929 by Piero Bargellini, under the auspices of Giovanni Papini. It was one of the most…
FrontoneVol. V, p. 1068 FRONTONE. – The upper terminal part of a façade, generally triangular in form so as to follow the slope of the roof. It was adopted in the earliest Christian…
Frontone, Marcus Aurelius(FRONTONE, MARCO AURELIO)Vol. V, p. 1069 FRONTONE, MARCO AURELIO. - Rhetorician, born at Cirta (Numidia) about A.D. 100, he was tutor to M. Aurelio and L. Vero; consul in 143. His greatest fame came…
Froude, James AnthonyVol. V, p. 1069 FROUDE, JAMES ANTHONY. - English historian and prose writer, b. at Dartington on 23 Apr. 1818, d. there on 20 Oct. 1894. He took part in the Tractorian…
Fructuosus, Saint, Martyr(FRUTTUOSO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. V, p. 1071 FRUTTUOSO, saint, martyr. – Bishop of Tarragona, arrested on 16 January 250 together with the deacons Augurio and Eulogio, in application of the second edict…
Frugoni, Carlo InnocenzoVol. V, p. 1069 FRUGONI, CARLO INNOCENZO. - Poet, b. in Genova on 21 Nov. 1692, d. in Parma on 20 Dec. 1768. He spent most of his life at the Farnese court, praised and…
Fruits Of The Holy Spirit(FRUTTI DELLO SPIRITO SANTO)Vol. V, p. 1071 FRUITS OF THE HOLY SPIRIT. – Supernatural works that St. Paul, Gal. 5:22–23, sets in opposition to the works of the flesh enumerated in vv. 19–21. The Apostle…
Fruits Of The Mass(FRUTTI DELLA MESSA)Vol. V, p. 1071 FRUTTI DELLA MESSA: v. MESSA.
Frumenzio, Saint(FRUMENZIO, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 1070 FRUMENZIO, saint. — Apostle of Abyssinia and first bishop of Aksum. Born in Tyre around 310–320, he reached Abyssinia in an unexpected manner. Taken while…
Frusius (Des Friux), AndréVol. V, p. 1070 FRUSIUS (DES FRIUX), ANDRÉ. - Humanist Jesuit, b. at Chartres at the beginning of the 16th century, d. 26 Oct. 1556. A man of letters and a scholar, versed in…
Frusta LetterariaVol. V, p. 1070 FRUSTA LETTERARIA: V. BARETTI, GIUSEPPE.
Frusta, LaVol. V, p. 1070 FRUSTA, LA. - An illustrated Roman periodical, founded and directed by the lawyer Carlo Marini (1843–1913). It appeared three times weekly on 20 Nov. 1870; the…
FruttiVol. V, p. 1070 FRUTTI. — The juridical concept of f. is far broader than the natural and common concept. In juridical terms, f. is everything that a thing produces naturally…
Fréron, Elie-Catherine(FRERON, ELIE-CATHERINE)Vol. V, p. 1060 FRERON, ELIE-CATHERINE. - French critical journalist, b. at Quimper on 18 (20) January 1718 (1719), d. at Paris on 10 March 1776. Having entered the Jesuits,…
Fröbel, FriedrichVol. V, p. 1066 FRÖBEL, FRIEDRICH. – Pedagogue, founder of the modern “kindergartens,” b. at Oberweissbach (Thuringia) on 21 April 1782; d. at Marienthal (St.-Meiningen) on 21…
Fröhsammer, Jakob(FROHSCHAMMER, JACOB)Vol. V, p. 1067 FROHSCHAMMER, JACOB. - Philosopher, born on 6 January 1821 at Illkoven (Ratisbona), died on 14 April 1893 at Bad Kreut. Ordained a priest in 1847, he taught at…
Frühwirth, AndreasVol. V, p. 1069 FRÜHWIRTH, ANDREAS. — Dominican cardinal, born at S. Anna (Styria) on 21 August 1845, died in Rome on 9 February 1933, buried at S. Anna. On the occasion of…
Ftartolatry(FTARTOLATRI)Vol. V, p. 1072 FTARTOLATRI: v. AFTARDOESTI; MONOFISITI. F.U.C.I.: v. FEDERAZIONE UNIVERSITARI; CATTOLICI ITALIANI.
Fucini, RenatoVol. V, p. 1072 FUCINI, RENATO. - Short-story writer, b. 18 April 1843 at Monterotondo (Pisa), d. at Empoli on 25 February 1921. First known for I cento sonetti in vernacolo…
FugaVol. V, p. 1072 FUGA. – F., also called horror, is termed by St. Thomas (Sum. Theol., 1ª-2ª, q. 23 a. 1) the passion by which our concupiscible appetite withdraws from a…
Fuga, FerdinandoVol. V, p. 1075 FUGA, FERDINANDO. — Architect, born in Florence in 1699, died in Rome in 1781. In his native city he was a pupil of Foggini; while still very young he came to…
Fugger, Family(FUGGER, FAMIGLIA)Vol. V, p. 1077 FUGGER, FAMILY. - German merchants and bankers of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, established in Augusta in the second half of the fourteenth century.…
Fukuoka, Diocese Of(FUKUOKA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. V, p. 1078 FUKUOKA, DIOCESE of. - It was erected by an apostolic brief of 16 July 1927, through the division of the diocese of Nagasaki, and until 1940 remained entrusted…
Fulbert Of Chartres(FULBERTO DI CHARTRES)Vol. V, p. 1078 FULBERTO of CHARTRES. — Bishop and theologian, b. ca. 960, d. at Chartres on 10 April 1928. Some call him French, probably from Aquitaine; Mabillon, however,…
Fulcher Of Chartres(FULCHERIO DI CHARTRES)Vol. V, p. 1078 FULCHERIO of CHARTRES. — Historian, born c. 1059 at Chartres, died in 1127 or 1128. Under Bishop Ivo, he entered the cathedral clergy of Chartres. He took part…
Fulgenzio of Ruspe, Saint(FULGENZIO DI RUSPE, SANTO)Vol. V, p. 1079 FULGENZIO di RUSPE, saint. – African bishop of the fifth–sixth century. He was one of the most eminent figures among the bishops of his time for his pastoral…
Fulgenzio Of San Giuseppe(FULGENZIO DI SAN GIUSEPPE)Vol. V, p. 1081 FULGENZIO di SAN GIUSEPPE. — Missionary, born in 1666 at Fanano (Modena), he professed his vows in the Order of Discalced Carmelites (province of Lombardy) in…
