Netherlands(PAESI BASSI)Vol. IX, p. 337 PAESI BASSI. – The P. B. (Nederland), of which Olanda (or Holland) is only the central-western part, correspond to the northwestern margin of the German plain,…
Netter, ThomasVol. VIII, p. 1048 NETTER, THOMAS. - Carmelite controversialist, b. at Saffron Walden (Essex) ca. 1375. From his place of origin, he is better known by the surname Waldensis. A…
Neudecker, SigismundVol. VIII, p. 1049 NEUDECKER, SIGISMUND. - Franciscan theologian, b. 21 Oct. 1664 at Geisenhausen (southern Bavaria), d. at Munich on 3 Sept. 1736. He taught philosophy,…
Neumayr, FranzVol. VIII, p. 1049 NEUMAYR, FRANZ. – Jesuit, preacher, and spiritual writer, born in Munich on 17 January 1697, died in Augsburg on 1 May 1765. Professor of belles-lettres and…
Neurasthenia (Neurasthenia)(NEVRASTENIA (NEURASTENIA))Vol. VIII, p. 1054 NEURASTHENIA (NEURASTENIA). — Of all the terms in scientific medicine, few have enjoyed, and continue to enjoy, the fortune and diffusion of this one,…
Neuroses (Neuroses)(NEVROSI (NEVROSI))Vol. VIII, p. 1055 NEVROSI (NEVROSI). — The term n. was first used (1769) by the Scottish physician Cullen to designate all nervous and psychic anomalies and illnesses. In Italy…
Neurovegetative, System(NEUROVEGETATIVO, SISTEMA)Vol. VIII, p. 1049 NEUROVEGETATIVE, SYSTEM. — The nervous system is divided into two major sections: a) the system of relational life, which regulates voluntary functions, that…
Neutrality(NEUTRALITÀ)Vol. VIII, p. 1050 NEUTRALITÀ. — According to its etymological meaning, n. signifies an impartial attitude between contending parties; in the specific sense attributed to it by…
Nevers, Diocese of(NEVERS, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1053 NEVERS, DIOCESI di. – Capital city of the department of Nièvre, at the confluence of the river of the same name with the Loire. The territory of the diocese…
Nevolone (Novellone) da Faenza, Blessed(NEVOLONE (NOVELLONE) DA FAENZA, BEATO)Vol. VIII, p. 1054 NEVOLONE (NOVELLONE) da FAENZA, blessed. – A shoemaker, who from a man of pleasure became a penitent, Franciscan tertiary, pilgrim, and later hermit with the…
New Antwerp, Apostolic Vicariate of(NUOVA ANVERSA, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1184 NUOVA ANVERSA, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO. — It was erected on 3 April 1919 and, after various territorial modifications, on 27 January 1936 was given the name of…
New Apostolic Church(CHIESA NEO-APOSTOLICA)Vol. III, p. 886 CHIESA NEO-APOSTOLICA: v. IRVING, EDWARD.
New Caledonia, Apostolic Vicariate of(NUOVA CALEDONIA, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DELLA)Vol. VIII, p. 1184 NEW CALEDONIA, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE. - It comprises the island of the same name between Australia and the New Hebrides and the islands of La Grande Terre, des…
New Covenant(NUOVA ALLEANZA)Vol. VIII, p. 1183 NEW COVENANT. — Jewish sect, of which an incomplete Hebrew codex gives notice, discovered in the winter of 1896–97 and published in 1910 by S. Schechter, today…
New Cáceres, Diocese of(NUOVA CACERES, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1184 NUOVA CACERES, DIOCESI di. - Diocese in the Philippine Islands. It covers 17,617 sq. km. and has 1,666,459 inhabitants, of whom 1,583,137 are Catholics. It has…
New Hebrides, Apostolic Vicariate of the(NUOVE EBRIDI, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DELLE ISOLE)Vol. VIII, p. 1190 NEW HEBRIDES, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of the ISLANDS. - In southern Melanesia (northeast of New Caledonia), under a Franco-British condominium. The territory,…
New Lisbon, Diocese of(NUOVA LISBONA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1185 NUOVA LISBONA, DIOCESE OF. - City and diocese (from Enc. Ital., XXV, 140 f.) DUTCH NEW GUINEA, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE OF - House of the famous - Dutch New Guinea.…
New Norcia, Abbey Nullius of(NUOVA NORCIA, ABBAZIA NULLIUS DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1186 NUOVA NORCIA, NULLIUS ABBEY. — In Western Australia. In January 1846, the first Catholic bishop of Perth, Mgr. G. Brady (d. 1871), arrived in the Colony of…
New Orleans, Archdiocese of(NUOVA ORLEANS, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1186 NUOVA ORLEANS, ARCIDIOCESI. — City and archdiocese in the United States of America. It has an area of 13,090 square miles, with 1,247,894 inhabitants (1951),…
New Pamplona, Diocese of(NUOVA PAMPLONA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1186 NUOVA PAMPLONA, DIOCESI di. - Diocese and city in the department of Santander del Norte, Colombia (South America). It extends over 25,931 sq. km., with 646,471…
New Scholasticism, TheVol. VIII, p. 1059 NEW SCHOLASTICISM, THE. - Quarterly organ of the « American Catholic Philosophical Association », which, after the Conference of American neo-scholastic…
New Segovia, Diocese of(NUOVA SEGOVIA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1186 NUOVA SEGOVIA, DIOCESI of. — Diocese in the province of Ilocos Sur in the Philippine Islands. It has an area of 11,559 sq. km., with 851,673 inhabitants, of…
New Westminster, Diocese of(NEW WESTMINSTER, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1060 NEW WESTMINSTER, DIOCESI di: v. VANCOUVER, DIOCESI di.
New Year's Day(CAPODANNO)Vol. III, p. 418 NEW YEAR. — The feast of the n. y. closes, among all human groups, a period of time, generally reckoned according to the astronomical course of the seasons,…
New York, Archdiocese of(NUOVA YORK, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1187 NUOVA YORK, ARCIDIOCESI di. — City and archdiocese in the State of N. Y. The foundation of the diocese of N. Y. coincided with the multiplication of dioceses…
New Zealand(NUOVA ZELANDA)Vol. VIII, p. 1188 NUOVA ZELANDA. - I. GEOGRAPHY. - This name—given by S. Cook in 1769 to the lands already discovered by Tasman and christened Terra degli Stati in…
Newark, Archdiocese of(NEWARK, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1056 NEWARK, ARCIDIOCESI DI. — City and archdiocese of the United States of America, erected as a diocese by Pius IX in 1853 for the State of New Jersey. Today it…
Newcastle, Diocese of(NEWCASTLE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1056 NEWCASTLE, DIOCESI di: v. HEXHAM E NEWCASTLE, DIOCESI di.
Newman, John HenryVol. VIII, p. 1056 NEWMAN, JOHN HENRY. — Cardinal and distinguished writer, born in London on 22 February 1801, died in Birmingham on 11 August 1890. I. LIFE. — Of Protestant…
Newport, Diocese of(NEWPORT, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1059 NEWPORT, DIOCESI di: v. CARDIFF, ARCIDIOCESI di.
Newton, JsaacVol. VIII, p. 1059 NEWTON, JSAAC. — Scientist, born at Woolsthorpe, County of Lincoln, England, on 25 December 1642 (5 January 1643 according to the Gregorian calendar). From a…
Ngozi, Apostolic Vicariate of(NGOZI, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1060 NGOZI, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. — In the northern part of Urundi (Belgian mandated territory); entrusted to the Society of the Missionaries of Africa; derived…
Niamey, Apostolic Prefecture of(NIAMEY, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1060 NIAMEY, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE. — In French West Africa, it was established on 28 April 1942 from territories detached from the apostolic vicariates of Dahomey,…
Niangara, Apostolic Vicariate of(NIANGARA, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1060 NIANGARA, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. — In the northeastern part of the Belgian Congo, entrusted to the Dominicans, it was erected as an apostolic prefecture,…
Nibby, AntonioVol. VIII, p. 1061 NIBBY, ANTONIO. – Archaeologist and topographer, b. in Rome on 14 October 1792, d. there on 29 December 1839. While still very young, he founded among his…
Nibelungen, Saga of the(NIBELUNGI, SAGA DEI)Vol. VIII, p. 1061 NIBELUNGI, SAGA dei. — This is a complex of epic legends that spread during the Middle Ages throughout the Germanic lands, from Scandinavia to Austria, and…
Nicaea(NICEA)Vol. VIII, p. 1072 NICEA. — Ancient city of Bithynia, today merely a village, founded in 316 B.C. under the name of Antigoneia, in Hellespontine Phrygia, on Lake Ascania. It was…
Nicander, Saint, Martyr(NICANDRO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. VIII, p. 1062 NICANDRO, saint, martyr: v. MARCIANO E NICANDRO, santi, martiri.
Nicanor(NICANORE)Vol. VIII, p. 1062 NICANORE. - Syrian general, son of Patroclus, elephant commander and later commander-in-chief of the army of the Seleucid kings (I Mach. 3, 38; 7, 26-47; II…
NicaraguaVol. VIII, p. 1062 NICARAGUA. – I. GEOGRAPHY. – It is the largest (148,000 sq km), but least densely populated (1.2 million inhabitants; 7.8 per sq km), state in the Isthmian…
NicasioVol. VIII, p. 1064 NICASIO, saint — The martyrdom of s. N. Sculpture (13th century) on the northern façade of the transept of the Cathedral — Reims. during the Norman period ever…
Nicasio, Saint(NICASIO, SANTO)Vol. VIII, p. 1064 NICASIO, saint. – Tenth in the succession of the bishops of Reims, he lived between the end of the 4th century and the beginning of the 5th. In his city he…
Nicastro, Diocese of(NICASTRO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1064 NICASTRO, DIOCESE of. - City and diocese in the province of Catanzaro; it lies on the foothills of the Sila, at the edge of the plain of S. Eufemia, the…
Niccoli, NiccolòVol. VIII, p. 1064 NICCOLI, NICCOLÒ. - Humanist, b. in Firenze in 1364, d. there on 3 February 1437. An indefatigable seeker of manuscripts, he vied with his Florentine friends…
Niccolini, GiambattistaVol. VIII, p. 1065 NICCOLINI, GIAMBATTISTA. - Man of letters, born at Bagni di S. Giuliano (Pisa) on 29 Oct. 1782, died at Firenze on 20 Sept. 1861. He was a member of the…
NiccolòVol. VIII, p. 1065 NICCOLÒ. — Sculptor of the 12th century, whom eighteenth-century Ferrarese literature considered a native of Ficarolo in the Polesine. He displays a conception…
Niccolò del CavalloVol. VIII, p. 1066 NICCOLÒ del CAVALLO: v. BARONCELLI, NICCOLÒ.
Niccolò dell'ArcaVol. VIII, p. 1065 NICCOLÒ dell'ARCA. – Also called N. da Bari or N. d'Apulia after his birthplace. Italian sculptor, born around 1435 and died in Bologna in 1494. From 1469 to…
Niccolò of Amiens(NICCOLÒ DI AMIENS)Vol. VIII, p. 1065 NICCOLÒ of AMIENS. — Medieval master who lived in the second half of the 12th century, perhaps until the beginning of the 13th century. He is the author of a…
Niccolò of Lyra(NICCOLÒ DI LIRA)Vol. VIII, p. 1067 NICCOLÒ DI LIRA - N. di L. teaches from the pulpit. Initial illuminated by a Flemish school (1459), Incipit of the Postillae in Novum Testamentum - Vatican…
Niccolò of Lyra (Lat. Lyranus)(NICCOLÒ DI LIRA (LAT. LYRANUS))Vol. VIII, p. 1067 NICCOLÒ di LIRA (Latin Lyranus). — Franciscan exegete, born at Lyre (Normandy) around 1270, died in Paris in October 1349. In 1292 he entered the Order of…
Niccolò of Osimo(NICCOLÒ DA OSIMO)Vol. VIII, p. 1067 NICCOLÒ da OSIMO. – Franciscan theologian and preacher, born at Osimo in the second half of the 14th century, died at Rome around 1453. In 1438, appointed…
Niccolò of Poggibonsi(NICCOLÒ DA POGGIBONSI)Vol. VIII, p. 1071 NICCOLÒ DA POGGIBONSI. - Fourteenth-century Franciscan traveller, of whom only what he himself relates in his Libro d'Oltremare is known; it was written in…
Nice, Diocese Of(NIZZA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1113 NIZZA, DIOCESE of – City and diocese, capital of the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department in France. The diocese extends throughout the civil…
Nicephorus Callistus Xanthopoulos(NICEFORO CALLISTO XANTHOPOULOS)Vol. VIII, p. 1076 NICEFORO CALLISTO XANTHOPOULOS. — Little information is available about the life of this Byzantine ecclesiastical writer. From indications of dates, some vague…
Nicephorus Gregoras(NICEFORO GREGORAS)Vol. VIII, p. 1076 NICEFORO GREGORAS. — Called “the Philosopher,” born in 1296 at Heraclea Pontica in Bithynia. From a very young age he began addressing in his writings…
Nicephorus I, Patriarch of Constantinople, Saint(NICEFORO I, PATRIARCA DI COSTANTINOPOLI, SANTO)Vol. VIII, p. 1075 NICEFORO I, patriarch of COSTANTINOPOLI, saint. — Born ca. 758 in Costantinopoli to a noble family, N. was appointed secretary of the imperial chancery and,…
Nicetas of Remesiana(NICETA DI REMESIANA)Vol. VIII, p. 1077 NICETA DI REMESIANA. — So called from the city east of Nisch in Serbia. Bishop and friend of Paolino di Nola (v. P. Fabre, St Paulin de Nole et l'amitié…
Nicetas Stethatos(NICETA STETHATOS)Vol. VIII, p. 1078 NICETA STETHATOS. — Also called by the Latins “Pectoratus,” a monk of Studion, born circa 1000, died after 1054. He carried out his activity in the fields of…
Nicetas the Byzantine(NICETA BIZANTINO)Vol. VIII, p. 1077 NICETA BIZANTINO – Refutatio epistolae regis Armeniae, written by the Greek copyist Emanuele (16th century) – Vatican Library, cod. Vat. gr. 388, fol. 151. of…
Nicetas the Maronite(NICETA MARONENSE)Vol. VIII, p. 1077 NICETA MARONENSE. - Byzantine theologian of the 12th century. A native of Maronea in Thrace, he held several ecclesiastical offices at Constantinople. He…
Nicetas, David of Paphlagonia(NICETA, DAVID DI PAFLAGONIA)Vol. VIII, p. 1077 NICETA, DAVID of Paphlagonia. — This name occurs in manuscripts to designate a Byzantine writer of the ninth–tenth century, although already the ancient…
Niche(EDICOLA)Vol. V, p. 70 EDICOLA. — The word, derived from the Latin aedicula, the diminutive of aedes = temple, properly means a small temple or chapel, generally referring only to a…
Nicholas (Nikólaos «Victor of the People»)(NICOLA (ΝΙΚΌΛΑΟΣ « VINCITORE DEL POPOLO »))Vol. VIII, p. 1080 NICOLA (Νικόλαος “victor of the people”). - Deacon, bearing a Hellenistic name, the last of the 7 ordained by the Apostles at Jerusalem (Act. 6, 5). He was an…
Nicholas II, Pope(NICCOLÒ II, PAPA)Vol. VIII, p. 1068 NICCOLÒ II, PAPA. — Upon the death of Stefano X (29 March 1058), the Roman nobility sought to elect a Benedetto X, who was not recognized by the better part of…
Nicholas III, Pope(NICCOLÒ III, PAPA)Vol. VIII, p. 1068 NICCOLÒ III, POPE. — Giovanni Gaetano, son of Matteo Rosso Orsini and Perna Caetani, cardinal deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere. Born in the second decade of the…
Nicholas IV, Pope(NICCOLÒ IV, PAPA)Vol. VIII, p. 1071 NICCOLÒ IV, POPE. — Girolamo, born into a humble family at Lisciano near Ascoli Piceno, entered the Friars Minor at a very young age and held various offices…
Nicholas of Clamanges (Nicholas Poillevlain)(NICOLA DI CLAMANGES (NICOLA POILLEVLAIN))Vol. VIII, p. 1080 NICOLA of CLAMANGES (NICOLA POILLEVLAIN). - Theologian, born at Clamanges ca. 1363, died in Paris in 1437. He taught theology in Paris from 1381; in 1397 he…
Nicholas of Flüe (de la Ruppe), Saint(NICOLA DELLA FLÜE (DELLA RUPE), SANTO)Vol. VIII, p. 1081 NICOLA della FLÜE (della RUPE), saint. — Patron of Switzerland, born at Flüeli (parish of Sachseln, Unterwalden) in 1417, probably on 21 March, died at Ranft…
Nicholas V, Antipope(NICCOLÒ V, ANTIPAPA)Vol. VIII, p. 1071 NICCOLÒ V, ANTIPAPA: v. RAINALLUCCI, PIETRO di CORVARO.
Nicholas V, Pope(NICCOLÒ V, PAPA)Vol. VIII, p. 1071 NICCOLÒ V, POPE. — Tommaso Parentucelli, born at Sarzana on 15 November 1397, died at Rome on 24 March 1455. In the service, at Bologna, of Bishop N.…
Nicholas, Bishop Of Myra, Saint(NICOLA, VESCOVO DI MIRA, SANTO)Vol. VIII, p. 1082 NICOLA, bishop of MIRA, saint. — N. was born at Patara, in Lycia, and was bishop of Mira around the middle of the 4th century. He is one of the most popular…
Nicobar Islands(NICOBARE)Vol. VIII, p. 1079 NICOBAR. — Group of islands in the Bay of Bengal north of the island of Sumatra; twelve of them are inhabited by a population of approximately 10,000…
Nicodemus(NICODEMO)Vol. VIII, p. 1079 NICODEMO. - Jewish nobleman, disciple of Jesus, mentioned in the Gospel of St. John: he was a Pharisee, a ruler of the Jews (Io. 3, 1), a teacher in Israel…
Nicodemus of Mammola, Saint(NICODEMO DI MAMMOLA, SANTO)Vol. VIII, p. 1079 NICODEMO di MAMMOLA, saint. - Calabrian-Greek ascetic, born at Cirò ca. 900, died near Mammola on 25 March 990. As a young man he embraced the Basilian…
Nicola (Pruntzlein) of Dinkelsbühl(NICOLA (PRUNTZLEIN) DI DINKELSBÜHL)Vol. VIII, p. 1080 NICOLA (PRUNTZLEIN) di DINKELSBÜHL. – Theologian, born at Dinkelsbühl around 1360, died at Vienna on 17 March 1433. Magister theologiae in 1409, he was three…
Nicola Di Saliceto (Wydenbosch Or Weidenbusch)(NICOLA DI SALICETO (WYDENBOSCH O WEIDENBUSCH))Vol. VIII, p. 1086 NICOLA di SALICETO (Wydenbosch or Weidenbusch). - Cistercian theologian, also called Nicolaus de Berno, because he was born in Berne, in what year is unknown.…
Nicola I Romanov, Tsar of Russia(NICOLA I ROMANOV, ZAR DI RUSSIA)Vol. VIII, p. 1085 NICOLA I Romanov, tsar of RUSSIA. — N. was born at Tsarskoye Selo on 25 June (7 July) 1796 and died at St Petersburg on 17 (29) February 1855. Following his…
Nicola II, Tsar of Russia(NICOLA II, ZAR DI RUSSIA)Vol. VIII, p. 1086 NICOLA II, tsar of RUSSIA. — Born on 19 May 1868, he succeeded Alessandro III on 2 November 1894. Do- BIBL.: Ch. de Visch, Biblioth. scriptorum S. O. Cist.,…
Nicola of Bari(NICOLA DI BARI)Vol. VIII, p. 1080 NICOLA di BARI: v. NICOLA di MIRA.
Nicola of Fakenham(NICOLA DE FAKENHAM)Vol. VIII, p. 1081 NICOLA de FAKENHAM. — An English Minorite theologian of the 14th–15th century, born probably at Fakenham, in the county of Norfolk, and died at Colchester in…
Nicola of Guardiagrele(NICOLA DA GUARDIAGRELE)Vol. VIII, p. 1082 NICOLA da GUARDIAGRELE. — Abruzzese goldsmith and sculptor, b. in the last decade of the fourteenth century, d. before 1462. His earliest works, all signed and…
Nicola of Myra(NICOLA DI MIRA)Vol. VIII, p. 1083 NICOLA di MIRA, saint — S. N. with boys and girls. Painting by Andrea Sabatini, known as Andrea da Salerno (16th century) — Naples, Pinacoteca. unpublished…
Nicola of Oresme(NICOLA DI ORESME)Vol. VIII, p. 1084 NICOLA di ORESME. – French philosopher, theologian, and economist. He studied theology in Paris in 1348. In 1356 he became master of this discipline at the…
Nicola of Tolentino, Saint(NICOLA DA TOLENTINO, SANTO)Vol. VIII, p. 1086 NICOLA da TOLENTINO, saint. — Born at Castel S. Angelo (now S. Angelo in Pantano) in 1245, died on 10 September 1305 at Tolentino, where he lived for more than…
Nicola of Verdun(NICOLA DI VERDUN)Vol. VIII, p. 1089 NICOLA DI VERDUN – The Verduneraltar. The 51 gilded-copper and enamel plaques formed an ambo, commissioned by Provost Wernher (1181). The present-day triptych…
Nicola of Verdun(NICOLA DA VERDUN)Vol. VIII, p. 1089 NICOLA DA VERDUN. – Goldsmith, active between the 12th and 13th centuries. Recent studies (Réau) consider his activity to have been entirely within the sphere…
Nicola PisanoVol. VIII, p. 1084 NICOLA PISANO. – Sculptor, son of Pietro, born probably in Apulia around 1220, died between 1278 and 1284; in the documents he is called Nicolae de Pisis,…
Nicola the Mystic(NICOLA IL MISTICO)Vol. VIII, p. 1084 NICOLA il MISTICO. — Patriarch of Constantinople (901–907; 912–25), born around the middle of the ninth century in Byzantine Italy. He was senator and intimate…
Nicolai, JeanVol. VIII, p. 1089 NICOLAI, JEAN. – Dominican theologian and controversialist, born at Mouzay near Stenay in 1594, died in Paris on 7 May 1673. He was prior (1661–64) and for…
Nicolai, Nicola MariaVol. VIII, p. 1089 NICOLAI, NICOLA MARIA. — Archaeologist and historian of the Roman Campagna, b. in Rome on 14 September 1756, d. there on 18 January 1833. He began his career…
Nicolaites(NICOLAITI)Vol. VIII, p. 1090 NICOLAITI. - Setta libertino-gn'astica, menzionata in Apoc. 2, 6 e 16 («apostoli mendaci»: v. 2), che infestava le comunità asiatiche di Efeso (ove era…
Nicolas d'Autrécourt(NICOLA D'AUTRECOURT)Vol. VIII, p. 1080 NICOLA d'AUTRECOURT. – Theologian and philosopher, born at the beginning of the 14th century at Autrecourt (diocese of Verdun), died after 1350. Having…
NICOLAS I, POPE(NICCOLÒ I, PAPA)Vol. VIII, p. 1068 NICHOLAS I, POPE, Saint. — Son of Theodore, a regional deacon of Leo IV, Nicholas was elected and consecrated pope on 24 April 858, following the death of…
Nicolas, Jean-Jacques-AugusteVol. VIII, p. 1090 NICOLAS, JEAN-JACQUES-AUGUSTE. – Apologist, born in Bordeaux on 16 January 1807, died in Versailles on 17 January 1888. After an indolent youth, he devoted…
Nicole, PierreVol. VIII, p. 1090 NICOLE, PIERRE. – Jansenist, born at Chartres on 19 October 1625, died at Paris on 16 November 1695. He pursued his studies in philosophy (1642–44) and…
Nicolet, Diocese Of(NICOLET, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1091 NICOLET, DIOCESE of. - The diocese of Trois Rivières, already divided in 1874 to form the diocese of Sherbrooke (Québec) and enlarge that of S. Giacinto, and…
Nicoletti, Giovanni (Johannes ab Imola)Vol. VIII, p. 1092 NICOLETTI, GIOVANNI (Johannes ab Imola). - Canonist and civilian, b. at Imola (and not at Bologna, as was once believed) between 1367 and 1376, d. at Bologna…
Nicolle, LouiseVol. VIII, p. 1092 NICOLLE, LOUISE. – Foundress of charitable works and of the Humble Daughters of the Sacred Heart, b. at St-Armand-les-Eaux (diocese of Cambrai) on 9 June 1847,…
Nicomachus Flavianus(NICOMACO FLAVIANO)Vol. VIII, p. 1092 NICOMACO FLAVIANO : V. FLAVIANO VIRIO, NICOMACO.
Nicomedes, Cemetery of(NICOMEDE, CIMITERO DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1092 NICOMEDE, CEMETERY of. – The martyr N. is mentioned in the Passio of the martyrs Nereo and Achilleo, which is of no historical value; his burial is there…
Nicomedia, Martyrs of(NICOMEDIA, MARTIRI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1092 NICOMEDIA, MARTYRS of. - On 24 February 303, the first edict of the persecution inaugurated by Diocletian was published at N., ordering the destruction of…
Nicopolis(NICOPOLI)Vol. VIII, p. 1092 NICOPOLI. - A Latin bishopric in Bulgaria, with its residence at Rustciuk (Ruse) on the Danube. It is directly subject to the Holy See. Appellate ordinary:…
Nicopolis Of Epirus(NICOPOLI D'EPIRO)Vol. VIII, p. 1093 NICOPOLI d'EPIRO. — A city founded by Augustus as a monument to his victory at Actium. Favored by the Emperor and by its excellent position, it soon became,…
Nicora, LuigiVol. VIII, p. 1093 NICORA, LUIGI — Bishop, sociologist, b. in Milano on 13 Sept. 1829. Ordained in 1852, he was a parish curate until 1882, then an honorary canon (1888) and…
Nicosia, Diocese of(NICOSIA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1093 NICOSIA, DIOCESI di. - In Sicilia (Enna), suffragan of Messina. Erected by Pio VII (17 March 1816), its first bishop, Gaetano M. Avarna, was installed there in…
Nicotera, Diocese of(NICOTERA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1094 NICOTERA, DIOCESE of. — City and diocese in the province of Catanzaro. Together with the diocese of Tropea, it has a population of 85,000 inhabitants, of whom…
Nider, JohannVol. VIII, p. 1094 NIDER, JOHANN. - Dominican, preacher, born at Isny (Württemberg) around 1380, died on 13 Aug. 1438 at Nuremberg. He taught at the University of Vienna from…
Niebuhr, Barthold GeorgVol. VIII, p. 1095 NIEBUHR, BARTHOLD GEORG. – Protestant, historian and diplomat, b. in Copenhagen on 27 Aug. 1776, d. in Bonn on 2 Jan. 1831. Founder of the philological…
NielloVol. VIII, p. 1095 NIello. – A term derived from the Latin nigellum, denoting a particular type of goldsmith’s work in which a black paste composed of copper, silver, sulfur, and…
Niepokalanów (Immaculateum, City Of The Immaculate)(NIEPOKALANÓW (IMMACULATEUM, CITTÀ DELL'IMMACOLATA))Vol. VIII, p. 1096 NIEPOKALANÓW (Immaculateum, CITY OF THE IMMACULATE). – A characteristic monastic city of Poland, 42 km from Warsaw, founded by Fr. Massimiliano Kolbe in 1927.…
Nieremberg, Juan EusebioVol. VIII, p. 1096 NIEREMBERG, JUAN EUSEBIO. - Jesuit, ascetical writer, b. in Madrid in 1595, d. there 7 Apr. 1658. Ordained priest in 1623, he taught humanities, natural…
Nietzsche, Friedrich WilhelmVol. VIII, p. 1096 NIETZSCHE, FRIEDRICH WILHELM. – Philologist and philosopher, born at Röcken in Saxony on 15 September 1844, died at Weimar on 25 August 1900. Doctor and…
Nievo, IppolitoVol. VIII, p. 1098 NIEVO, IPPOLITO. – Writer, born in Padua on 30 November 1831. He soon became inspired by the ideas of the Risorgimento, took part in the war of 1859, and the…
Nifo, AgostinoVol. VIII, p. 1098 NIFO, AGOSTINO. – Philosopher, born at Sessa (Salerno) in 1469–70 (hence he is often simply called Suessanus), died between 1539 and 1546. He was a pupil of…
NigeriaVol. VIII, p. 1099 NIGERIA. — It is the most important of the British possessions in West Africa. The territory comprises the entire lower basin of the Niger, that of its…
Nihilism(NICHILISMO)Vol. VIII, p. 1078 NIHILISM. — The term n. commonly denotes that vast revolutionary movement composed for the most part of young intellectuals which profoundly shook Russian life…
Niigata, Apostolic Prefecture Of(NIIGATA, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1100 NIIGATA, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. - In the north-western part of the island of Hondo (central Japan). It comprises three civil provinces: N., Akita, Yamagata;…
Nijmegen, Catholic University Of(NIMEGA, UNIVERSITÀ CATTOLICA DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1104 NIMEGA, CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF. — A favored residence of Charlemagne and an ancient center of Carolingian culture, N. is the seat of the Dutch Catholic…
Nikita Pustosvyat(NIKITA PUSTOSVJAT)Vol. VIII, p. 1100 NIKITA PUSTOSVJAT. - Russian Raskolnik, died in Moscow on 12 July 1682. His full name was N. Konstantino Dobrynin. In the controversy provoked by the reforms…
Nikon, Patriarch of Moscow(NIKON, PATRIARCA DI MOSCA)Vol. VIII, p. 1100 NIKON, patriarch of Moscow. – In the world Nikita Minič, born in 1605 in the region of Nižnij Novgorod, died on 17 August 1681 near Jaroslavl. His peasant…
Nile Equatorial, Apostolic Vicariate of(NILO EQUATORIALE, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DEL)Vol. VIII, p. 1102 NILO EQUATORIALE, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO of. — It is located in the northern region of Uganda. Erected as an apostolic prefecture in 1923, it was elevated to an…
Nilles, NikolausVol. VIII, p. 1101 NILLES, NIKOLAUS. — Jesuit, canonist, and liturgist, born at Rippweiler (Luxembourg) on 21 June 1828, died at Innsbruck on 31 January 1907. Having entered the…
Nilus(NILO)Vol. VIII, p. 1101 NILE. — River of Egypt. It is mentioned in many passages of the Bible and is indeed often simply called “the river” par excellence (Gen. 41:1–3; Ex. 1:22; 2:3;…
Nilus Doxapatris(NILO DOXAPATRIS)Vol. VIII, p. 1102 NILO DOXAPATRIS. — A Greek monk of Sicily, author of two geographical treatises on the patriarchates, born toward the end of the 11th century and probably died…
Nilus the Ascetic (of Ancyra), Saint(NILO L'ASCETA (D'ANCIRA), SANTO)Vol. VIII, p. 1101 NILO L'ASCETA (of ANCIRA), Saint. — Writer on ascetical subjects from the beginning of the 5th century. Leone Allacci lists 21 writers of this name; it is…
Nilus the Younger, Saint(NILO IL GIOVANE, SANTO)Vol. VIII, p. 1102 NILO il GIOVANE, saint – Image of s. N. Panel of a triptych from the 14th century. Grottaferrata, abbey. siano, Instit., X–XII, as S. Marsili has demonstrated.…
Nimbus(NIMBO)Vol. VIII, p. 1102 NIMBO. - A disk that, since the 4th century B.C., is found placed around the head of images of divinities or divinized beings. In classical art, this attribute…
Nimrod (Hebr. Nimrādh, Septuagint Neṣnā)(NEMROD (EBR. NIMRĀDH, SETTANTA NEṢṆĀ))Vol. VIII, p. 1023 NEMROD (Heb. Nimrādh, Septuagint Neṣṇā). - Son of Chus, of Hamitic stock, of whom it is said that he was a great hunter and founded an Empire (Gen. 10:8-12) in…
Nine Saints(NOVE SANTI)Vol. VIII, p. 1155 NOVE SANTI. — Called Romans (= Constantinopolitans), they were Monophysite monks who arrived in Ethiopia, according to the legend, in 454, coming from Syria,…
Nineteenth Century(OTTOCENTO)Vol. IX, p. 299 OTTOCENTO: v. MODERNA, ARTE SACRA.
Nineveh(NINIVE)Vol. VIII, p. 1109 NINIVE. — Capital city of Assyria. The name of the city was initially Ninuwā, in the mid-second millennium Ninuwa, but alongside this also Ninua and Nina. Only…
Ninfa, Saint, Martyr(NINFA, SANTA, MARTIRE)Vol. VIII, p. 1107 NINFA, saint, martyr. – Unknown to the ancient Martyrologies until the ninth century; the first notice is found in the Lib. Pont., which, in the life of Leo IV…
Ningpo, Diocese of(NINGPO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1108 NINGPO, DIOCESE of. - The apostolic vicariate of Chekiang, erected on 27 May 1846 and comprising the civil province of the same name, in central-eastern China,…
Ninguarda, FelicianoVol. VIII, p. 1108 NINGUARDA, FELICIANO. - Dominican theologian and bishop, born at Morbegno (Valtellina) in 1524, died at Como on 5 Jan. 1595. He taught at Vienna and was…
Ningxia, Diocese Of(NINGSIA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1108 NINGSIA, DIOCESIS of. – It is situated in the southwestern part of Inner Mongolia (China) and comprises the three civil subprefectures located west of Suiyuan…
Ningyuan, Diocese Of(NINGVŪAN, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1109 NINGVŪAN, DIOCESE of. - Erected as an apostolic vicariate under the name of Kientchang on 12 Aug. 1910, with territory detached from that of southern Szechwan…
Nino PisanoVol. VIII, p. 1110 NINO PISANO. — Sculptor and architect, born in Pisa in the early years of the 14th century, died there in 1368. He carried out his work between Florence, Pisa,…
Nino, Saint(NINO, SANTA)Vol. VIII, p. 1110 NINO, saint. — This is the Georgian name of the mulier captiva who, according to Rufinus (Hist. Eccl., X, 11), converted Georgia (Caucasian Iberia) to the…
NioVol. VIII, p. 904 NIO. — He is the father of Italian historiography. B. at Vignola (Modena) on 21 October 1672 to a family of modest peasants, d. at Modena on 23 January 1750.…
NippurVol. VIII, p. 1110 NIPPUR - Votive tablets, discovered by the expedition of the University of Pennsylvania. NIPPUR - Sarcophagi discovered by the University of Pennsylvania…
Nirvana(NIRVĀNA)Vol. VIII, p. 1111 NIRVĀNA. — N., in pāli “nibbāna,” means “extinction,” in the proper and figurative sense. In the latter sense it is a term of Buddhist dogmatics, and…
Nisibis (Nusaybin), School of(NISIBI (NUSAYBIN), SCUOLA DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1112 NISIBI (NUSAYBIN), SCHOOL OF. – A Syriac city in the Mesopotamian plain, it was the seat, around the middle of the 4th century, of a school at which St. Ephrem…
Nisān (From Babylonian Nisannu)(NISĀN (DAL BABILONESE NISANNU))Vol. VIII, p. 1112 NISĀN (from the Babylonian nisannu). - The first month of the year in Israel; in the oldest biblical literature, it is identified with ḥōdheṣ hā-'ābhībh,…
Niterói, Diocese of(NITERÓI, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1112 NITERÓI, DIOCESE of. - City and diocese in the State of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). It borders on the dioceses of Barra do Piraí, Valença, Rio de Janeiro, and…
Nitra, Diocese of(NITRA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1112 NITRA, DIOCESE of. — Diocese in Slovakia, established in 880 as a suffragan of the metropolitan see of Pannonia, when Pope Giovanni VIII sent St. Methodius,…
No-AmonVol. VIII, p. 1114 NO-AMON: v. TEBE D'EGITTO.
Noah (Heb. Nōah; Septuagint Nōe; cf. Old Babylonian Nuḫīja)(NOÈ (EBR. NŌAH, SETTANTA NŌE; CF. ANTICO BABIL. NUHIJA))Vol. VIII, p. 1116 NOAH (Heb. Nōah; LXX Nōe; cf. Old Babylonian Nuhija). — The tenth of the “antediluvian patriarchs” (Gen 5:28–31), son of Lamech, who lived to the age of 950…
Noaillat, Marthe DeVol. VIII, p. 1113 NOAILLAT, MARTHE de. - Marta Devuns, apostle of devotion to Christ the King, b. at Crotoy (Somme) on 26 Nov. 1865, d. at Paray-le-Monial on 5 Feb. 1926.…
Noailles, Louis-AntoineVol. VIII, p. 1114 NOAILLES, LOUIS-ANTOINE. - Cardinal, b. at Noailles on 27 May 1651, d. at Parigi on 4 May 1729. Bishop of Cahors from 1679 and of Châlons-sur-Marne from 1680,…
Noailles, Pierre-BienvenuVol. VIII, p. 1114 NOAILLES, PIERRE-BIENVENU. - Founder of the Sisters of the Holy Family of Bordeaux, born there on 27 Oct. 1793, died there on 8 Feb. 1861. Converted at the age…
Nobili, Flaminio DeVol. VIII, p. 1114 NOBILI, FLAMINIO de. - Theologian and biblical scholar, b. ca. 1530, d. at Lucca in 1590. He devoted special attention to the Greek version of the Septuagint,…
Nobili, Roberto DeVol. VIII, p. 1114 NOBILI, ROBERTO de: v. DE NOBILI, ROBERTO.
Nocera De' Pagani (Alfaterna), Diocese Of(NOCERA DEI PAGANI (ALFATERNA), DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1114 NOCERA DEI PAGANI (ALFATERNA), DIOCESE of. — City and diocese in the province of Salerno, with a population of 90,000 inhabitants, all Catholics, distributed…
Nocera Umbra, Diocese of(NOCERA UMBRA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1115 NOCERA UMBRA, DIOCESE of. – An ancient diocese in north-eastern Umbria. It is immediately subject to the Holy See. It has an area of 1,500 sq. km., with 60,320…
Nocte Surgentes Vigilemus OmnesVol. VIII, p. 1116 «NOCTE SURGENTES VIGILEMUS OMNES». — Hymn of Matins, used from the third Sunday after Pentecost to 27 September, by an unknown author. In the silence of the…
Nocturns (Vigiliae Nocturnae, Nocturna Laus)(NOTTURNO (VIGILIAE NOCTURNAE, NOCTURNA LAUS))Vol. VIII, p. 1146 NOTTURNO (Vigiliae nocturnae, Nocturna laus). — It was the canonical hour of the night already in use during the earliest Christian centuries (Tertullian, Ad…
Nogaret, GuglielmoVol. VIII, p. 1118 NOGARET, GUGLIELMO. – Born around 1260 at St-Felix de Caraman (Toulouse). Professor of law at Montpellier (1291), then judge of Beaucaire (1294), he was…
Nola, Diocese of(NOLA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1118 NOLA, DIOCESE of. – City and diocese of Campania, in the province of Naples. It has an area of 200 sq. km, with a population of 260,000 inhabitants, of whom…
Noldin, HieronymusVol. VIII, p. 1120 NOLDIN, HIERONYMUS. — Jesuit, moral theologian, born at Salorno (South Tyrol) on 30 January 1838, died at Vienna-Lainz on 7 November 1922. Having already…
Nolens, Willem HubertVol. VIII, p. 1120 NOLENS, WILLEM HUBERT. – Dutch sociologist and politician, b. at Venlo on 7 September 1860, d. at The Hague on 27 August 1931. Ordained a priest in 1887, from…
Noli, Diocese of(NOLI, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1121 NOLI, DIOCESI di: v. SAVONA e NOLI, DIOCESI di.
Nomina SacraVol. VIII, p. 1125 NOMINA SACRA. – Alongside the abbreviations (v.) by suspension, in the Christian age one encounters words of a sacred character abbreviated by contraction…
Nominalism(NOMINALISMO)Vol. VIII, p. 1123 NOMINALISM. - A philosophical tendency that denies the existence of general concepts, or at least denies that any proper real content corresponds to them. The…
Nomocanons(NOMOCANONI)Vol. VIII, p. 1126 NOMOCANONI. — This is the name given, beginning in the 11th century, to collections containing imperial laws and conciliar canons. Among the most famous are…
Non ExpeditVol. VIII, p. 1127 NON EXPEDIT. — This is the formula that prohibited Italian Catholics from participating in political life, following the seizure of territories suffered by the…
Non-Catholic(ACATTOLICÓ)Vol. I, p. 123 ACATTOLICÓ. — By a., according to the etymology (privative à and καθόλιλος), is understood anyone who is not Catholic; hence: 1) in the broad sense, not only…
Non-Christian Missions(MISSIONI NON CRISTIANE)Vol. VIII, p. 677 NON-CHRISTIAN MISSIONS. — In the history of religions, a mission is the charge that a person vested with religious authority—either personal, as the founder of…
Non-Intervention(NON INTERVENTO)Vol. VIII, p. 1128 NON INTERVENTO : v. INTERVENTO, PRINCIPIO DEL NON.
Non-Jurors ("Non-Giurati")(NON-JURORS (« NON-GIURATI »))Vol. VIII, p. 1128 NON-JURORS (« non-giurati »). – When, after the revolution of 1688, the Prince of Orange, husband of Maria, daughter of Giacomo II, wished to be recognized as…
NonaVol. VIII, p. 1126 NONA. – This is that part of the Divine Office which is recited at the ninth hour (= 3 p.m.), according to the Greco-Roman division of the day. This hour of…
Nona (Aenona), Ancient Diocese Of(NONA (AENONA), ANTICA DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1126 NONA (Aenona), ancient diocese of. — The small town of N. (Nin), situated at one of the northernmost points of the Dalmatian coast, near Zara, played a most…
Nonantola, Abbey Nullius Of(NONANTOLA, ABBAZIA NULLIUS DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1126 NONANTOLA, ABBEY nullius. — Founded in 751–52 in honor of the holy Apostles, to whose names that of St. Silvester was added in 756, by St. Anselmo, formerly a…
Nonconformists(NONCONFORMISTI)Vol. VIII, p. 1127 NONCONFORMISTS. – During the reign of Elisabetta d'Inghilterra (1558–1603), the name n. was given to those who had not conformed to the doctrine and ritual…
Nonna, Saint(NONNA, SANTA)Vol. VIII, p. 1128 NONNA, saint. — She is commemorated by the Greeks and Latins on 5 August. A woman of outstanding virtue, pious, charitable, and deeply devoted to religion, she…
Norbert of Lorraine(NORBERTO DI LORENA)Vol. VIII, p. 1129 NORBERTO di LORENA: v. PARISOT, PIETRO.
Norbert, Saint(NORBERTO, SANTO)Vol. VIII, p. 1129 NORBERTO, saint. — Founder of the Canons Regular of Prémontré (hence the Premonstratensians), presently in the department of Aisne, born at Xanten, in the…
NorciaVol. VIII, p. 1129 NORCIA. – City and diocese in the province of Perugia (Umbria). It comprises 8 municipalities, 3 of which are in the province of Macerata (Castel S. Angelo,…
Noris, EnricoVol. VIII, p. 1130 NORIS, ENRICO. – Augustinian theologian and cardinal, born in Verona on 29 Aug. 1631, died in Rome on 23 Feb. 1704. He entered religious life in 1646; he was…
NormaVol. VIII, p. 1130 NORMA. — In Latin, as in the Greek γνώμοι ο κανών, it properly signifies the “square,” which, by making it possible to draw a perpendicular (normal) line to…
Norman Sicilian, Art(SICULO NORMANNA, ARTE)Vol. XI, p. 336 SICULO NORMANNA, ARTE. – Also called Siculo-Arab-Norman art: this is the designation that nineteenth-century historians assigned to the artistic manifestations…
Normans(NORMANNI)Vol. VIII, p. 1131 NORMANNI. – I. SCANDINAVIAN ORIGINS. – The Scandinavian peoples enter history only at the end of the eighth century, when the “men of the north” (Northmen,…
Normotype(NORMOTIPO)Vol. VIII, p. 1133 NORMOTYPE. - An individual whose characteristics, both in constitution and in temperament and disposition, display values equal to the statistical “norm.”…
Northampton, Diocese Of(NORTHAMPTON, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1133 NORTHAMPTON, DIOCESE of. - City and diocese in England. It includes the counties of Bedford, Buckingham, Cambridge, Huntingdon, Norfolk, Northampton, and…
Northcote, Spencer JamesVol. VIII, p. 1134 NORTHCOTE, SPENCER JAMES. - Archaeologist, b. at Feninton Court (Devonshire) on 26 May 1821, d. at Stoke-upon-Trent (Staffordshire) on 3 March 1907. He studied…
Norway(NORVEGIA)Vol. VIII, p. 1134 NORWAY. – I. GEOGRAPHY. – The territory of N. corresponds to the western part of the Scandinavian Peninsula, from North Cape to the Skager Rak, and consists of…
Notae Iuris(NOTAIE IURIS)Vol. VIII, p. 1142 NOTAIE IURIS. - These are the abbreviations used in ancient manuscripts of legal works, in which, unlike literary manuscripts, many technical terms were…
Notary(NOTAIO)Vol. VIII, p. 1142 NOTARY. — In the modern understanding, the n. is a professional in private practice who has the status of a public official, empowered, within a specified…
NotitiaVol. VIII, p. 1144 NOTITIA. - According to the terminology introduced by Brunner, this is the probative document relating to a juridical act already completed prior to…
Notker(NOTKERO)Vol. VIII, p. 1144 NOTKERO. – Called “Labeone” on account of his thick lips. Monk of S. Gallo, the third and most illustrious of this name, head of that famous monastic school,…
Notker The Stammerer (Balbulus), Blessed(NOTKERO IL BALBUZIENTE (BALBULUS), BEATO)Vol. VIII, p. 1145 NOTKERO il BALBUZIENTE (Balbulus), blessed. — Benedictine, poet and writer, born c. 840 at Heiligau (now Elgg) in the canton of Zurich or, more probably, at…
Noto, Diocese of(NOTO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1145 NOTO, DIOCESE of. — City and diocese in Sicily, Italy, a suffragan of the archdiocese of Siracusa. Seven municipalities of the diocese are in the province of…
Notoriety of Law and of Fact(NOTORIETÀ DI DIRITTO E DI FATTO (NOTORIETAS IURIS ET FACTI))Vol. VIII, p. 1145 NOTORIETÀ DI DIRITTO E DI FATTO (notorietas iuris et facti). — In the ordinary sense, something notorious is that which is a matter of public knowledge, or is…
Nottingham, Diocese of(NOTTINGHAM, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VIII, p. 1146 NOTTINGHAM, DIOCESE of. – City and diocese in England. It comprises the counties of Leicester, Lincoln, Derby, N. and Rutland. It has a population of 2,653,757…
Nouet, JacquesVol. VIII, p. 1147 NOUET, JACQUES. - Ascetical writer, Jesuit, b. at Mainz on 25 March 1605, d. at Paris on 21 May 1680. He entered the Order in 1623 at Rouen. He distinguished…
Noumenon(NOUMENO)Vol. VIII, p. 1147 NOUMENO. — From the Greek νοοῦμενον (νοῦς, intellect), it means, etymologically, intelligible. The term is used by Platone (v.) to refer to the species or…
