The epistle of Jeremias to the captives, as a preservative against idolatry. A copy of the epistle that Jeremias sent to them that were to be led away captives into Babylon, by the king of Babylon, to declare to them according to what was commanded him by God.
Ieremie by his epistle forwarneth the Iewes, that they shal be captiues in Babylon: and after seuentie yeares shal be released: 3. exhorting them, al that time to auoid idolatrie: 7. largely shewing the vanitie of idols.
1For the sins that you have committed before God, you shall be carried away captives into Babylon by Nabuchodonosor the king of Babylon.Copia della lettera mandata da Geremia a quegli, che doveano essere condotti schiavi a Babilonia dal re de' Babilonesi, per far loro sapere quello, che Dio aveva a lui comandato. Per ragion de' peccati commessi dinanzi al Signore voi sarete condotti schiavi a Babilonia da Nabuchodonosor re de' Babilonesi.A COPIE of the Epistle that Ieremie sent to them that were to be led away captiues into Babylon, by the king of Babylon, to tel them according to that which was commanded him of God. For the sinnes that you haue sinned before God, you shal be led away captiue into Babylon by Nabuchodonosor the king of Babylon.Propter peccata quæ peccastis ante Deum, abducemini in Babyloniam captivi a Nabuchodonosor rege Babylonis. 2And when you are come into Babylon, you shall be there many years, and for a long time, even to seven generations: and after that I will bring you away from thence with peace.Arrivati adunque a Babilonia, ivi starete per moltissimi anni, e per lungo tempo fino a sette generazioni: e dipoi vi trarrò di colà in pace.Being entered therfore into Babylon, you shal be there manie yeares, and long times euen vnto seuen generations: and after this I wil bring you forth from thence with peace.Ingressi itaque in Babylonem, eritis ibi annis plurimis, et temporibus longis, usque ad generationes septem: post hoc autem educam vos inde cum pace. 3But now, you shall see in Babylon gods of gold, and of silver, and of stone, and of wood borne upon shoulders, causing fear to the Gentiles.Ma adesso voi vedrete in Babilonia dei d'oro, e d'argento, e di pietra, e di legno portarsi sopra le spalle, e incuter timore alle genti.But now you shal see in Babylon goddes of gold, and of siluer, and of stone, and of wood to be caried vpon shoulders, shewing feare to the Gentiles.Nunc autem videbitis in Babylonia deos aureos et argenteos, et lapideos et ligneos, in humeris portari, ostentantes metum gentibus. 4Beware therefore that you imitate not the doings of others, and be afraid, and the fear of them should seize upon you.Badate adunque di non imitar voi pure il fare degli stranieri, sicché abbiate paura, e vi prenda il timore di tali dei.Beware therfore lest you also be like to the doing of strangers, and you be afrayd, and feare take you in them.Videte ergo ne et vos similes efficiamini factis alienis, et metuatis, et metus vos capiat in ipsis. 5But when you see the multitude behind, and before, adoring them, say you in your hearts: Thou oughtest to be adored, O Lord.Quando adunque vedrete la turba dinanzi, e di dietro adorarli, dite ne' vostri cuori: Te fa d'uopo di adorare, o Signore;Seeing therfore the multitude adoring behind, and before, say you in your hartes: Thou oughest to be adored ô Lord.Visa itaque turba de retro et ab ante, adorantes dicite in cordibus vestris: Te oportet adorari, Domine.
6For my angel is with you: And I myself will demand an account of your souls.Perocché il mio Angelo è con voi, ed io stesso avrò cura delle anime vostre.For mine c Angel is with you: and my selfe d wil aske account of your soules.Angelus enim meus vobiscum est: ipse autem exquiram animas vestras. 7For their tongue that is polished by the craftsman, and themselves laid over with gold and silver, are false things, and they cannot speak.Conciossiachè la loro lingua fu limata dall'artefice: quegli ancora, che sono indorati, e inargentati, sono menzogna, e non posson parlare.For their tongue polished by the craftesman, them selues also layd ouer with gold, and siluer are false thinges, and they can not speake.Nam lingua ipsorum polita a fabro; ipsa etiam inaurata et inargentata: falsa sunt, et non possunt loqui. 8And as if it were for a maiden that loveth to go gay: so do they take gold and make them up.E come si fa ad una fanciulla, che ama gli ornamenti, così dato di mano all'oro si ornano questi con arte.And as to a virgin that loueth ornaments: so taking gold their goddes are forged.Et sicut virgini amanti ornamenta, ita accepto auro fabricati sunt. 9Their gods have golden crowns upon their heads: whereof the priests secretly convey away from them gold, and silver, and bestow it on themselves.Certo, che i loro dei hanno sulle lor teste corone di oro, onde poi i sacerdoti tolgon ad essi l'oro, e l'argento, e se l'appropriano.Their goddes certes haue golden crownes vpon their heades: wherof the priestes secretely conuey away from them gold, and siluer, and bestow it on them selues.Coronas certe aureas habent super capita sua dii illorum: unde subtrahunt sacerdotes ab eis aurum et argentum, et erogant illud in semetipsos. 10Yea and they give thereof to prostitutes, and they dress out harlots: and again when they receive it of the harlots, they adorn their gods.E di questo ne ornano le prostitute, e le meretrici, e vicendevolmente riavutolo dalle meretrici ne abbelliscono i loro dei;Yea and they geue therof to strumpettes, and they decke whores: and againe when they receiue it of the harlots, they decke their goddes.Dant autem et ex ipso prostitutis, et meretrices ornant: et iterum cum receperint illud a meretricibus, ornant deos suos. 11And these gods cannot defend themselves from the rust, and the moth.E questi (dei) non san liberarsi dalla ruggine, e dalla tignuola.But these are not deliuered from the rust, and the moth.Hi autem non liberantur ab ærugine et tinea.
12But when they have covered them with a purple garment, they wipe their face because of the dust of the house, which is very much among them.Ma quando gli han rivestiti di porpora, lavati loro la faccia a motivo della polvere, che è grandissima ne' loro templi.And these being couered with a purple garment, they wype their face for the dust of the house, which is very much among them.Opertis autem illis veste purpurea, extergunt faciem ipsorum propter pulverem domus qui est plurimus inter eos. 13This holdeth a sceptre as a man, as a judge of the country, but cannot put to death one that offendeth him.E l'idolo ha in mano lo scettro come un uomo, come uno, che governa un paese: ma egli non fa morir chi lo offende.And he hath a scepter as a man, as a iudge of the countrie, that killeth him not that offendeth against him.Sceptrum autem habet ut homo, sicut judex regionis, qui in se peccantem non interficit. 14And this hath in his hand a sword, or an axe, but cannot save himself from war, or from robbers, whereby be it known to you, that they are not gods.Ha talora in mano la spada, e la scure, ma non si può salvar dalla guerra, né dai ladri; per le quali cose in tendete com'ei non son dii.He hath also in his hand a sword, and an axe, but him selfe he deliuereth not from the sword, and from robbers, wherby be it knowne to you that they are not goddes.Habet etiam in manu gladium et securim, se autem de bello et a latronibus non liberat. Unde vobis notum sit quia non sunt dii: 15Therefore fear them not. For as a vessel that a man uses when it is broken becometh useless, even so are their gods:Non abbiate adunque timore di essi: imperocché tali sono i loro dei, qual è un vaso rotto, che non è buono a nulla.Therfore feare them not. For as a mans vessel being broken is made vnprofitable: such also are their goddes:non ergo timueritis eos. Sicut enim vas hominis confractum inutile efficitur, tales sunt et dii illorum. 16When they are placed in the house, their eyes are full of dust by the feet of them that go in.Collocati, che sono in una casa, i loro occhi si cuopron di polvere smossa da' piedi di color, che vi entrano.they being placed in the house, their eies are ful of dust by the feete of them that goe in.Constitutis illis in domo, oculi eorum pleni sunt pulvere a pedibus introëuntium. 17And as the gates are made sure on every side upon one that hath offended the king, or like a dead man carried to the grave, so do the priests secure the doors with bars and locks, lest they be stripped by thieves.E siccome colui, che ha offeso il re, si chiude dentro molte porte, o come fassi ad un morto, che si conduca alla sepoltura; così i sacerdoti assicuran le porte con serrature, e chiavistelli, affinché i ladri non ispoglin gli dei.And as vpon one, that hath offended the king, the gates be shut round about, or as the dead brought to the graue, so doe the priestes gard the doores with shuttings, and lockes, lest they be spoyled of theeues.Et sicut alicui qui regem offendit circumseptæ sunt januæ, aut sicut ad sepulchrum adductum mortuum: ita tutantur sacerdotes ostia clausuris et seris, ne a latronibus expolientur.
18They light candles to them, and in great number, of which they cannot see one: but they are like beams in the house.Accendon loro eziandio molte lampane, delle quali non posson quelli vederne pur una: ei sono come le travi in una casa.They light candles to them, and that manie, of the which they can see none: but they are as beames in the house.Lucernas accendunt illis, et quidem multas, ex quibus nullam videre possunt: sunt autem sicut trabes in domo. 19And they say that the creeping things which are of the earth, gnaw their hearts, while they eat them and their garments, and they feel it not.Dicono, che i serpenti, che son dalla terra, mangian le loro interiora quando mangiano ad essi i lor vestimenti, ed essi noi sentono.And they say that the serpents which are of the earth, gnaw out their hartes, whiles they eate them and their garment, and they feele not.Corda vero eorum dicunt elingere serpentes qui de terra sunt, dum comedunt eos, et vestimentum ipsorum, et non sentiunt. 20Their faces are black with the smoke that is made in the house.Le loro facce son nere pel fumo, che si fa nelle lor case.Their faces are blacke with the smoke, that is made in the house.Nigræ fiunt facies eorum a fumo qui in domo fit. 21Owls, and swallows, and other birds fly upon their bodies, and upon their heads, and cats in like manner.Sopra il loro corpo, e sopra il loro capo volano le civette, e le rondini, e altri uccelli, e il simile fanno i gatti.The owles, and the swallowes flye vpon their bodie, and vpon their head, and the birdes also, the cattes in like manner.Supra corpus eorum et supra caput eorum volant noctuæ, et hirundines, et aves etiam, similiter et cattæ. 22Whereby you may know that they are no gods. Therefore fear them not.Donde imparate, che questi non sono dei: non abbiate adunque di essi timore.Wherby you may knowe that they are not goddes. Therfore feare them not.Unde sciatis quia non sunt dii: ne ergo timueritis eos. 23The gold also which they have, is for shew, but except a man wipe off the rust, they will not shine: for neither when they were molten, did they feel it.l'oro ancora, che hanno, è per mostra: se qualcheduno non li ripulisce dalla ruggine, non saran risplendenti: e quando erano fusi, nulla sentivano.The gold also which they haue, is for bewtie, vnles a man wype of the rust, they shal not shine: for neither when they were moulten, did they feele.Aurum etiam quod habent ad speciem est: nisi aliquis exterserit æruginem, non fulgebunt: neque enim dum conflarentur, sentiebant. 24Men buy them at a high price, whereas there is no breath in them.E furon comprati a prezzo sommo, benché spirito non sia in essi.With al price are they bought, whereas there is no breath in them.Ex omni pretio empta sunt, in quibus spiritus non inest ipsis.
25And having not the use of feet they are carried upon shoulders, declaring to men how vile they are. Be they confounded also that worship them.Li portano sulle spalle quasi sian senza piedi, facendo vedere agli uomini la vergognosa loro impotenza. Siano confusi anche color, che gli adorano.As being without feete they are caried vpon shoulders, shewing their basenes to men. Be they confounded also that worship them.Sine pedibus, in humeris portantur, ostentantes ignobilitatem suam hominibus: confundantur etiam qui colunt ea. 26Therefore if they fall to the ground, they rise not up again of themselves, nor if a man set them upright, will they stand by themselves, but their gifts shall be set before them, as to the dead.Per questo se cascan per terra, non si rialzan da loro, e se uno li collocherà ritti, da per loro non istaranno, ma si reggeranno sugli omeri di quelli, come i morti.Therfore if they fal to the ground, they rise not vp of them selues, nor if a man set him vpright, shal he stand by him self, but as to dead men their giftes shal be set before them.Propterea si ceciderint in terram, a semetipsis non consurgunt: neque si quis eum statuerit rectum, per semetipsum stabit: sed sicut mortuis munera eorum illis apponentur. 27The things that are sacrificed to them, their priests sell and abuse: in like manner also their wives take part of them, but give nothing of it either to the sick, or to the poor.Le loro ostie le vendono i sacerdoti in loro pro, ed anche le loro donne ne strappano, e non ne fanno parte all'ammalato, né al mendico;Their priestes sel their sacrifices, and abuse them: likwise also their wiues plucking from them, impert nothing, neither to the sicke, nor to the begger.Hostias illorum vendunt sacerdotes ipsorum, et abutuntur: similiter et mulieres eorum decerpentes, neque infirmo, neque mendicanti, aliquid impertiunt. 28The childbearing and menstruous women touch their sacrifices: knowing, therefore, by these things that they are not gods, fear them not.I lor sagrifizj li toccano donne fresche dal parto, e le menstruate. Conoscendo adunque da tali cose, ch'ei non son dei, non li temete;Of their sacrifices wemen in childbed, and in flowers doe touche: knowing therfore by these thinges that they are not goddes, feare them not.De sacrificiis eorum fœtæ et menstruatæ contingunt. Sciens itaque ex his quia non sunt dii, ne timeatis eos.
29For how can they be called gods? because women set offerings before the gods of silver, and of gold, and of wood:Imperocché a qual titolo si chiaman dei perché le donne presentano doni a questi dei d'argento, d'oro, e di legno,For whence are they called goddes? Because we men offer to the goddes of siluer, and gold, and wood:Unde enim vocantur dii ? quia mulieres apponunt diis argenteis, et aureis, et ligneis: 30And priests sit in their temples, having their garments rent, and their heads and beards shaven, and nothing upon their heads.E nelle case di essi seggono i sacerdoti, portando tonache stracciate, e rase le teste, e la barba, e il capo ignudo.And priestes sitte in their houses, hauing their garments rent, and their heades, & beard shauen, whose heades be bare.et in domibus eorum sacerdotes sedent habentes tunicas scissas, et capita et barbam rasam, quorum capita nuda sunt. 31And they roar and cry before their gods, as men do at the feast when one is dead.E dan ruggiti alzando la voce ai loro dei, come si fa alla cena di un morto.And they were crying before their goddes, as at the supper of the dead.Rugiunt autem clamantes contra deos suos sicut in cœna mortui. 32The priests take away their garments, and clothe their wives and their children.I sacerdoti tolgon loro le vestimenta, e ne riveston le mogli, e i figliuoli.The priests take away their garments, and they cloath their wiues & their children.Vestimenta eorum auferunt sacerdotes, et vestiunt uxores suas et filios suos. 33And whether it be evil that one doth unto them, or good, they are not able to recompense it: neither can they set up a king, nor put him down:E se è fatto loro del male, e se è fatto loro del bene, non posson rendere il contraccambio: e non possono fare un re, né disfarlo.Neither if they suffer anie euil, nor if anie good of anie man, are they able to recompence it: neither can they make a king, nor take him away:Neque si quid mali patiuntur ab aliquo, neque si quid boni, poterunt retribuere: neque regem constituere possunt, neque auferre. 34In like manner they can neither give riches, nor requite evil. If a man make a vow to them, and perform it not: they cannot require it.Parimente non possono né dar ricchezze, né vendicarsi. Se uno fa ad essi un voto, e noll'adempie, neppur di ciò si querelano.In like maner they can neither geue riches, nor requyre euil. If a man vow a vow vnto them, and performe it not; neither this doe they require.Similiter neque dare divitias possunt, neque malum retribuere. Si quis illis votum voverit et non reddiderit, neque hoc requirunt.
35They cannot deliver a man from death, nor save the weak from the mighty.Non liberan l'uomo dalla morte, e non salvano il debole dal più possente.They deliuer not a man from death, nor saue the weake from the mightier.Hominem a morte non liberant, neque infirmum a potentiori eripiunt. 36They cannot restore the blind man to his sight: nor deliver a man from distress.Non rendono a' ciechi la vista non traggon uomo dalla miseria.The blind man they restore not to his sight: they shal not deliuer a man out of necessitie.Hominem cæcum ad visum non restituunt; de necessitate hominem non liberabunt. 37They shall not pity the widow, nor do good to the fatherless.Non avran pietà della vedova, né faranno bene agli orfani.They shal not pitie the widow, nor doe good to the fatherlesse.Viduæ non miserebuntur, neque orphanis benefacient. 38Their gods, of wood, and of stone, and of gold, and of silver, are like the stones that are hewn out of the mountains: and they that worship them shall be confounded.Simili alle pietre del monte son questi loro dei di legno, di pietra, d'oro, e d'argento. E color, che gli onorano, saran confusi.Like vnto the stones of the mountaine are their goddes, of wood, and of stone, and of gold, and of siluer. & they that worship them, shal be confounded:Lapidibus de monte similes sunt dii illorum, lignei, et lapidei, et aurei, et argentei: qui autem colunt ea, confundentur. 39How then is it to be supposed, or to be said, that they are gods?Come dunque è da pensarsi, o da dirsi, ch'ei siano dei,How then is it to be supposed, or to be sayd, that they are goddes?Quomodo ergo æstimandum est aut dicendum illos esse deos ? 40Even the Chaldeans themselves dishonor them: who when they hear of one dumb that cannot speak, they present him to Bel, entreating him, that he may speak.Quando di più i Caldei stessi non li rispettano? eglino quando hanno udito, che uno non può parlare, perché è mutolo, lo presentano a Bel, pregandolo a far, ch'ei parli;Moreouer the Ch•dees themselues not honoring them: who when they heare that the dumme can not speake, they offer it to Bel, requesting of him, that it may speake.Adhuc enim ipsis Chaldæis non honorantibus ea: qui cum audierint mutum non posse loqui, offerunt illud ad Bel, postulantes ab eo loqui: 41As though they could be sensible that have no motion themselves: and they, when they shall perceive this, will leave them: for their gods themselves have no sense.Come se potessero aver sentimento coloro, che non hanno moto; ed egli stessi, fatti accorti, gli abbandonano; perocché i loro dei non han senso.As though they could feele that haue no motion: and they when they shal vnderstand, wil leaue them: for their goddes them selues haue no sense.quasi possint sentire qui non habent motum ! Et ipsi, cum intellexerint, relinquent ea: sensum enim non habent ipsi dii illorum.
42The women also, with cords about them, sit in the ways, burning olive-stones.Ma le donne cinte di corde seggon per le strade, brugiando noccioli d'ulivi.And wemen compassed with cordes, sit in the waies, burning the bones of oliues.Mulieres autem circumdatæ funibus in viis sedent, succendentes ossa olivarum: 43And when any one of them, drawn away by some passenger, lieth with him, she upbraideth her neighbor, that she was not thought as worthy as herself, nor her cord broken.E quando una di esse condotta via da uno, che passa, ha dormito con lui getta in faccia alla sua vicina, che ella non è stata stimata da tanto com'essa, e che la sua corda non è stata rotta.And when one of them being drawen of some passenger shal lie with him, she vpbraydeth her neighbour, that she is not counted worthie, as her self, neither is her cord broken.cum autem aliqua ex ipsis, attracta ab aliquo transeunte, dormierit cum eo, proximæ suæ exprobrat quod ea non sit digna habita, sicut ipsa, neque funis ejus diruptus sit. 44But all things that are done about them, are false: how is it then to be thought, or to be said, that they are gods?E tutto quello, che intorno ad essi ai fa, è cosa falsa. Come mai è da pensarsi, o da dirsi, ch'ei siano dei?But al thinges that are done about them. are false, how is it then to be thought, or to be sayd, that they be goddes? And they are made by craftesmen, & by goldsmithes. They shal be nothing els, but that which the priestes wil haue them to be.Omnia autem quæ illi fiunt, falsa sunt: quomodo æstimandum aut dicendum est illos esse deos ? 45And they are made by workmen, and by goldsmiths. They shall be nothing else but what the priests will have them to be.Sono stati fatti da legnajuoli, e da orefici. E non altro saranno, che quello, che piacerà a' sacerdoti.A fabris autem et ab aurificibus facta sunt: nihil aliud erunt, nisi id quod volunt esse sacerdotes. 46For the artificers themselves that make them, are of no long continuance. Can those things then that are made by them, be gods?Gli stessi artefici, che li fanno, non son di lunga durata. Potrann'eglino adunque esser dei i lavori fatti da essi?For the artificers themselues, that make them, are of no long time. Why, can those thinges then that are made by them, be goddes?Artifices etiam ipsi, qui ea faciunt, non sunt multi temporis: numquid ergo possunt ea, quæ fabricata sunt ab ipsis, esse dii ? 47But they have left false things and reproach to them that come after.Hanno lasciate menzogne, e obbrobrio a quei, che saranno dopo di loro.But they haue left forged things & reproch, to them that shal come after.Reliquerunt autem falsa et opprobrium postea futuris.
48For when war cometh upon them, or evils: the priests consult with themselves, where they may hide themselves with them.Che se sopraggiunge loro guerra, e sciagure, i sacerdoti vanno pensando dove riporsi con que' lor dei.For when battel commeth vpon them, and euils: the priestes deuise with them selues, where they may hide them selues with them.Nam cum supervenerit illis prælium et mala, cogitant sacerdotes apud se ubi se abscondant cum illis. 49How then can they be thought to be gods, that can neither deliver themselves from war, nor save themselves from evils?Come mai adunque possono essere in concetto di dei coloro, che né dalla guerra si liberano, né si sottraggono alle sciagure?How then may they be thought, that they are goddes, which neither deliuer them selues from battel, nor saue them selues from euils?Quomodo ergo sentiri debeant quoniam dii sunt, qui nec de bello se liberant, neque de malis se eripiunt ? 50For seeing they are but of wood, and laid over with gold, and with silver, it shall be known hereafter that they are false things, by all nations, and kings: and it shall be manifest that they are no gods, but the work of men’s hands, and that there is no work of God in them.Imperocché essendo cose di legno, e indorate, e inargentate, si conoscerà una volta da tutte le genti, e dai regi che son falsità: manifesto essendo, ch'ei non son dei, ma opere delle mani degli uomini, e non fanno nulla, che sia da Dio.For seing they be of wood, & layd ouer with gold, and with siluer, it shal be knowne afterwards that they are false thinges, of al the Gentiles, and kinges: Which are manifest that they are no goddes, but the workes of mens handes, and no worke of God is with them.Nam cum sint lignea, inaurata et inargentata, scietur postea quia falsa sunt ab universis gentibus et regibus: quæ manifesta sunt quia non sunt dii, sed opera manuum hominum, et nullum Dei opus cum illis. 51Whence, therefore, is it known that they are not gods, but the work of men’s hands, and no work of God is in them?E donde adunque conoscesi, ch'ei non sono dei, ma opere delle mani degli uomini, e che nulla fanno, che sia da Dio?Whence then is it knowne, that they are not goddes, but the workes of mens handes, & no worke of God is in them?Unde ergo notum est quia non sunt dii, sed opera manuum hominum, et nullum Dei opus in ipsis est. 52They cannot set up a king over the land, nor give rain to men.Non danno il re ad un regno, né concedono agli uomini la pioggia,A king to the countrie they raise not vp, neither shal they geue rayne to men.Regem regioni non suscitant, neque pluviam hominibus dabunt.
53They determine no causes, nor deliver countries from oppression: because they can do nothing, and are as daws between heaven and earth.Non decideranno le controversie, né libereranno le provincie dalle ingiurie; perocché nulla possono, come cornacchie, che volan di mezzo tral cielo, e la terra.Iudgement also they shal not decerne, neither shal they deliuer countries from iniurie: because they can not do nothing, as choughes betwen the heauen and the earth.Judicium quoque non discernent, neque regiones liberabunt ab injuria, quia nihil possunt, sicut corniculæ inter medium cæli et terræ. 54For when fire shall fall upon the house of these gods of wood, and of silver, and of gold, their priests indeed will flee away, and be saved: but they themselves shall be burnt in the midst like beams.Imperocché quando si sarà appiccato il fuoco alla casa degli dei di legno, d'argento, e d'oro, i lor sacerdoti fuggiran certamente, e si metteranno in salvo; ma eglino vi brugeranno dentro non men che le travi.For when fire shal fal into the house of the woodden, and siluer, and golden goddes, their priestes in dede shal flee, and be deliuered: but themselues as beames shal be burnt in the middes.Etenim cum inciderit ignis in domum deorum ligneorum, argenteorum et aureorum, sacerdotes quidem ipsorum fugient, et liberabuntur: ipsi vero sicut trabes in medio comburentur. 55And they cannot withstand a king and war. How then can it be supposed, or admitted, that they are gods?E non faran resistenza a un re in tempo di guerra: come adunque da pensarsi, o da tenersi, ch'ei siano dei?And king and battel they shal not resist. How is it then to be supposed, or to be receiued that they are goddes?Regi autem et bello non resistent. Quomodo ergo æstimandum est aut recipiendum quia dii sunt ? 56Neither are these gods of wood, and of stone, and laid over with gold, and with silver, able to deliver themselves from thieves or robbers: they that are stronger than them,Non si salveranno da' ladri, né da' malandrini gli dei di legno, e di pietra, e indorati, e inargentati, perchè quelli ne posson più,Not from theeues, nor from robbers shal the goddes of wood, and of stone, and layd ouer with gold, and with siluer deliuer them selues, stronger then which are the wicked men.Non a furibus, neque a latronibus se liberabunt dii lignei, et lapidei, et inaurati, et inargentati: quibus hi qui fortiores sunt, 57Shall take from them the gold, and silver, and the raiment wherewith they are clothed, and shall go their way, neither shall they help themselves.E terranno loro l'argento, e l'oro e il vestito, onde son ricoperti, e se v'anderanno; e gli dei non aiuteranno se stessi.The gold, and siluer, and the garment where with they are couered, they shal take from them, and shal depart, neither shal they helpe themselues.aurum et argentum, et vestimentum quo operti sunt, auferent illis, et abibunt, nec sibi auxilium ferent.
58Therefore it is better to be a king that sheweth his power: or else a profitable vessel in the house, with which the owner thereof will be well satisfied: or a door in the house, to keep things safe that are therein, than such false gods.Perla qual cosa miglior cosa è un re, che fa mostra di suo valore, od un vaso utile nella casa, di cui si farà gloria il padrone, o la porta della casa, che custodisce quel, che in essa si trova, che i falsi dei.Therfore it is better to be a king shewing his strength: or a profitable vessel in the house, wherin he wil glorie that possesseth it: or a doore in the house, which kepeth the thinges that are therin, then false goddes.Itaque melius est esse regem ostentantem virtutem suam, aut vas in domo utile, in quo gloriabitur qui possidet illud, vel ostium in domo, quod custodit quæ in ipsa sunt, quam falsi dii. 59The sun, and the moon, and the stars being bright, and sent forth for profitable uses, are obedient.Certamente il sole, e la luna, e le stelle mandate ad esser utili col loro splendore, sono ubbidienti.The sunne certes, and the moone, and the starres wheras they are bright, and sent forth for profitable vses, obey.Sol quidem et luna ac sidera, cum sint splendida et emissa ad utilitates, obaudiunt: 60In like manner the lightning, when it breaketh forth, is easy to be seen: and after the same manner the wind bloweth in every country.Similmente anche il folgore si fa distinguere quando apparisce; e parimente anche il vento spira in ogni regione.Likewise also the lightning, when it shal appeare is perspicuous: and the winde also bloweth the self same in euerie countrie.similiter et fulgur cum apparuerit, perspicuum est: idipsum autem et spiritus in omni regione spirat: 61And the clouds, when God commandeth them to go over the whole world, do that which is commanded them.E le nuvole quando è lor comandato da Dio di scorrere tutto l'orbe, fanno quel, che fu lor comandato.And the clowdes, which when God shal command to walke throughout the whole world, they doe that which is commanded them.et nubes, quibus cum imperatum fuerit a Deo perambulare universum orbem, perficiunt quod imperatum est eis: 62The fire also being sent from above to consume mountains, and woods, doth as it is commanded. But these neither in shew, nor in power, are like to any one of them.Il fuoco ancora mandato di sopra a consumare i monti, e le selve, fa quel, che gli fu ordinato. Ma costoro né per bellezza, né per virtudi sono simili ad una di queste cose:The fyre also being sent from aboue to consume mountaines, and woodes, doeth that which is commanded it. But these neither in shapes, nor in vertues are like to one of them.ignis etiam missus desuper, ut consumat montes et silvas, facit quod præceptum est ei: hæc autem neque speciebus, neque virtutibus, uni eorum similia sunt.
63Wherefore it is neither to be thought, nor to be said, that they are gods: since they are neither able to judge causes, nor to do any good to men.Per la qual cosa da pensarsi non è, né da dirsi, che questi siano dei, mentre non possono né far giustizia, né far cosa alcuna agli uomini.Wherfore neither is it to be thought, nor to be said, that they be goddes: wheras they can neither iudge iudgment, nor doe anie thing for men.Unde neque existimandum est, neque dicendum illos esse deos, quando non possunt neque judicium judicare, neque quidquam facere hominibus. 64Knowing, therefore, that they are not gods, fear them not.Conoscendo pertanto, che ei non son dei, voi perciò non li temete;Knowing therfore that they are not goddes, then feare them not.Scientes itaque quia non sunt dii, ne ergo timueritis eos. 65For neither can they curse kings, nor bless them.Imperocché eglino non manderanno maledizione ai regi, né benedizione.For neither shal they curse, kinges, nor blesse them.Neque enim regibus maledicent, neque benedicent. 66Neither do they shew signs in the heaven to the nations, nor shine as the sun, nor give light as the moon.Ei non mostrano a' popoli nel cielo i segni de' tempi: né splenderan come il sole, né faran lume come la luna.Signes also in the heauen to the Gentiles they shew not, neither shal they shine as the sunne, nor geue light as the moone.Signa etiam in cælo gentibus non ostendunt: neque ut sol lucebunt, neque illuminabunt ut luna. 67Beasts are better than they, which can fly under a covert, and help themselves.Da più di loro sono le bestie, che possono fuggire al coperto, e giovare a se stesse.Beastes are better then they, which can flie vnder the roofe, and profite themselues.Bestiæ meliores sunt illis, quæ possunt fugere sub tectum ac prodesse sibi. 68Therefore there is no manner of appearance that they are gods: so fear them not.In verun modo adunque non sono, dei, com'è manifesto: per questo adunque non li temete;By no meanes therfore is it manifest vnto vs, that they are goddes: for which cause feare them not.Nullo itaque modo nobis est manifestum quia sunt dii: propter quod ne timeatis eos. 69For as a scarecrow in a garden of cucumbers keepeth nothing, so are their gods of wood, and of silver, and laid over with gold.Imperocché siccome in un cocomeraio uno spauracchio non è buona guardia, così sono i loro dei di legno, d'argento, e d'oro.For as in a garden of cucumbers a scarcrow keepeth nothing, so are their goddes of wood, and of siluer, and layd ouer with gold.Nam sicut in cucumerario formido nihil custodit, ita sunt dii illorum lignei, et argentei, et inaurati. 70They are no better than a white thorn in a garden, upon which every bird sitteth. In like manner also their gods of wood, and laid over with gold, and with silver, are like to a dead body cast forth in the dark.E nella stessa guisa succede della vitalba in un orto, sulla quale vanno posarsi tutti gli uccelli. Simili ancora son questi loro dei di legno, e indorati, e inargentati ad un morto gittato tralle tenebre.After the same sorte also in a garden the white thorne, vpon the which euerie bird sirteth. In like manner also their goddes of wood, and layd ouer with gold, and with siluer, are like to a dead bodie cast forth in the darke.Eodem modo et in horto spina alba, supra quam omnis avis sedet, similiter et mortuo projecto in tenebris, similes sunt dii illorum lignei, et inaurati, et inargentati.
71By the purple also and the scarlet which are motheaten upon them, you shall know that they are not gods. And they themselves at last are consumed, and shall be a reproach in the country.Dalla porpora ancora, e dallo scarlatto, che intignono addosso a loro, imparerete di certo, ch'ei non son dei. Eglino stessi finalmente saran mangiati, e saranno l'obbrobrio d'ogni paese.By the purple also and the murex colour layde vpon them, which fadeth, you shal know that they are not goddes. At the last also they are consumed, and shal be a reproch in the countrie.A purpura quoque et murice, quæ supra illos tineant, scietis itaque quia non sunt dii: ipsi etiam postremo comeduntur, et erunt opprobrium in regione. 72Better, therefore, is the just man that hath no idols: for he shall be far from reproach.Migliore è l'uomo giusto, che non ha idoli: perocché egli sarà lungi dall'ignominia.Better is therfore the iust man, that hath not Idols: for he shal be farre from reproches.Melior est homo justus qui non habet simulacra, nam erit longe ab opprobriis.
6:1
Year of the World 3405, Year before Christ 599.
6:2
Challoner
Seven generations; that is, seventy years. (Challoner)
Cornelius a Lapide
A generation sometimes consisted of seven, ten, fifteen, thirty, thirty-five, fifty, or a hundred years. (Cornelius a Lapide; Menage.)
Calmet
Eighteen years of the seventy had already elapsed. (Calmet)
Haydock
Seven is often put for many, (Haydock) or a general number, (Worthington) because so many days form a week. (Haydock)
6:3
Menander
Shoulders. This custom was very ancient, suggested by the avarice of the priests, who begged on such occasions. (Menander, ap. Clem. protrep.)
6:4
Haydock
Fear. Worship not such things. (Haydock)
6:6
Calmet
Angel Michael, the conductor of Israel in the desert, etc., Daniel 10:13., and Exodus 33:2. (Calmet)
Worthington
He protected them also in Babylon. (Worthington)
6:8
Calmet
Gay. Nothing could be more despicable. (Calmet)
6:10
Haydock
The harlots. Their hire was rejected by the Lord. But idols suffered themselves to be despoiled or adorned at pleasure. Greek, "But they will give of them even to harlots under the same roof, while they adorn them (idols) like men with garments, gods of gold, silver, and wood." (Haydock)
6:12
Calmet
Them, on account of the many votaries, ver. 16. Arnobius (6) ridicules such gods. (Calmet)
Haydock
Protestants adopt similar arguments against the real presence as if we believed that Christ was hurt when the sacramental species were broken or devoured by vermin. A little more boldness will prompt them to reject the divinity of Christ, who was pleased to give up his body to those who treated him shamefully. Almost every argument which is levelled against Christ's real presence in the blessed Eucharist, may be turned against the incarnation; and hence so many now become Socinians, being unwilling to submit their understanding to the mysteries of religion. To apply these texts to holy pictures, would be nugatory. See Isaias xl 18. (Haydock)
Worthington
The absurdities here specified, shew how foolish are those who serve idols or take any images to be gods. (Worthington)
6:13
Calmet
Judge, or ruler. (Calmet)
Eustath
The sceptre and spear were badges of power. (Eustath.)
Mars had a sword, Hercules a club. We know little of the idols of Babylon.
6:15
Calmet
Vessel; armour, or any utensil. (Calmet)
6:18
Haydock
Candles. Literally, "lamps." (Haydock)
Some temples in Egypt were famous for their numbers. (Herodotus 2:62.)
The Lord prescribed them to be used. But who ever imagined that he stood in need of them to see, as the idolaters supposed their idols did?
6:19
Calmet
Hearts: the wood is worm-eaten. (Calmet)
6:24
Worthington
Price, foolishly believing that they have divine power. (Worthington)
6:26
Gifts. The Chaldeans supposed that Bel could eat, Daniel xiv.
Dead. Food was placed on the tombs. St. Augustine abolished this custom in Africa.
6:27
Take. Greek, "salt." They give none to the poor, for fear of their imposture being detected, though they allow even the unclean to eat, ver. 28., Leviticus 12:2., and Deuteronomy 14:29.
6:29
Calmet
Women. They make gods. (Calmet)
Qui rogat, ille facit. (Martial 8:24.)
6:30
Calmet
Shaven, as in mourning, contrary to the custom of Israel, Leviticus 21:10. (Calmet)
Heads. The Jewish priests wore mitres or caps.
6:31
Calmet
Dead, even of Adonis, (Haydock) whose worship is here ridiculed. (Calmet)
Lucian
At Biblos people bewailed his death, and the next day proclaimed that he was alive. All cut off their hair, as the Egyptians do for Apis, except such as submitted to prostitute themselves to strangers. The hire they consecrated to Venus. (Lucian, Dea Syra.)
At funerals a feast was usually made, as is still the custom in Syria, (Roger, 2:14.) and near Bagdad. (Chardin. 2:7.)
6:34
Haydock
Requite. Greek, "brass," much less gold. (Haydock)
6:40
Haydock
Chaldeans. The priests themselves despise the idols most, (Calmet) and expose them to contempt, by pretending that they work miracles. (Haydock)
St. Augustine
"Those who first set up representations of the gods, deprived cities of reverential awe, and increased the error," said Varro; "prudently supposing that gods might easily be contemned, when like stupid images." In simulacrorum stoliditate. (St. Augustine, City of God 4:26.)
6:41
Haydock
They. Greek, "he could perceive. And they reflecting on this, cannot still abandon them; for they have no sense." (Haydock)
Calmet
They are so stupid, that they will not quit such impotent idols. (Calmet)
6:42
Calmet
Women. Aristophanes calls harlots, "corded bodies." (Eccles. Act. i.) The women of Babylon "prostituted themselves once, in honour of Venus, (Haydock. Mylitta. Calmet) sitting with crowns on their heads in the temple, till some stranger selected them, and took them from their partition, made with cords," (Haydock) to some more secret place, where they broke their bands. (Herodotus 1:199.) (Calmet)
That some deluded women, led by various desires, should think thus to honour that impure deity, by an action which some modern casuists have not scrupled to rank among simple venial sins, cannot excite our astonishment so much, when we reflect on the tenets of the ancient Gnostics, and of Antinomians at the present day, whom J. Wesley, the late founder of the Methodists, applauded and followed even in the meridian of the gospel light! See Deuteronomy 16:22., and 23:17. Yet these men read and perhaps distributed the Bible!
Tirinus
Stones. Literally, "bones;" (Haydock) or the refuse of what had been crushed, (pitura. Atheneus 2:14.) to excite impure love. (Menochius) (Tirinus)
Calmet
Theocritus (Phar.) represents a witch doing the like; and Sanchez tells us, that some were taken in the fact in Spain. (Calmet)
Grotius
Fumigation, used by the Babylonians after marriage, (Herodotus 1:198.) may be insinuated. (Grotius)
6:45
Haydock
To be. Isaias 44:14. Horace (i. Sat. 8) introduces Priapus thus ridiculously explaining his origin; "I was formerly an useless piece of a fig-tree; when the workman, not knowing whether to make a bench or a Priapus, chose rather that I should be a god. Hence I am a god, the greatest terror of thieves and birds." Septuagint, "they are nothing but what the workmen wish to form." (Haydock)
6:51
Haydock
Them. Greek has simply, (Calmet) "Who then knows not that they are no gods?" (Haydock)
6:53
Daws. They have no greater influence (Calmet) than jackdaws.
6:58
Haydock
Gods. Septuagint repeat this after satisfied, or "will use;" and here add, "or a pillar of wood in palaces, than," etc. (Haydock)
6:59
Calmet
Obedient to God. They were appointed to mark out the seasons, etc., (Genesis 1:14.) and if any creature were worthy of adoration, they would. (Calmet)
The Babylonians adored them as well as statues, and therefore their proper destination is specified here and by Moses.
6:69
Haydock
Scarecrow. Priapus answered this glorious purpose, ver. 45. (Haydock)
Calmet
When birds become accustomed to such things, they mind them not. (Calmet)
6:71
Calmet
Scarlet. Greek, "marble" coloured wood. Grotius would substitute margarou, "a pearl," which decays through age. (Calmet)
Greek also, "From the purple, which also shines upon them rotting, you shall," etc. Marmarou means, "of marble or shining."
6:72
Haydock
Reproach, provided he also avoid the idols of the mind and of the heart. (Haydock)
6:2
Seven generations.... That is, seventy years.
6:56
They that are stronger than them.... That is, robbers and thieves are stronger than these idols, being things without life or motion.
6:72
THE PROPHECY OF EZECHIEL
EZECHIEL, whose name signifies the STRENGTH OF GOD, was of the priestly race; and of the number of captives that were carried away to Babylon with king JOACHIN. He was contemporary with JEREMIAS, and prophesied to the same effect in Babylon, as JEREMIAS did in Jerusalem; and is said to have ended his days in like manner, by martyrdom.
6:1
Ieremie writte this Epistle before the common people were in Babylon, but Baruch redde it vnto them in Babylon, and so it was sent back to the rest, which were yet in Ierusalem.
Concordance Iere 1•. v. 8. 9. &c.
6:2
Tenne, being the firstarticle number, signifieth a general number; and so seuen generations signifie seuen times tenne, that is, seuentie yeares. Sometimes seuen •• signific a generalitie, because this whole world is counted by seuen dayes: sometimes. 100. signifie the same; as Gen. 15. v 16. 400. yeares are called four generations.
Concordance Isa 44.
6:15
c The Angel which guided this people coming out of Aegypt. Exo. 12. 33. protected them also in Babylon.
6:18
d The innumerable absurdities in forging and adoring false goddes here recited by the prophet shew how foolish & sensles they are, that serue idols, or anie images for goddes.
6:24
Idolaters imagining that sensles idols had diuiue powre, foolishly estemed them of great value, & price.
Concordance Is. 46. v. •.
6:3
Tertullian † AD 220 Scorpiace 8
… Beware, therefore, that ye also do not be altogether like the foreigners, and be seized with fear while ye behold crowds worshipping those gods before and behind, but say in your mind, Our duty is to worship Thee, O Lord.”
6:6
St Cyprian of Carthage † AD 258 On the Lord's Prayer 5
… and God did hear her.” We read also in the Psalms, “Speak in your hearts, and in your beds, and be ye pierced.” The Holy Spirit, moreover, suggests these same things by Jeremiah, and teaches, saying, “But in the heart ought God to be adored by thee.”
6:11
Theodoret of Cyrus † AD 458 Letters of the Blessed Theodoret, Bishop of Cyprus 147
… The dæmons who have deceived mankind have given this title to idols; whence Jeremiah exclaims, “The gods that have not made the heavens and the earth even they shall perish from the earth and from under these heavens;” and again “They made to themselves gods of silver and gods of gold;”
6:2
2. Even unto seven generations. — That is, you shall remain in Babylon for seventy years. Note that the Greek word γενεά, that is, age or progeny, which in Scripture is called a generation, is defined in various ways. First, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, book I of Roman Antiquities, assigns to it one hundred years. So also Varro, book V, who also adds that a saeculum is said from an old man, "because they thought that span to be the space of men growing old." So also Scripture, Genesis xv, 16, where it is said that the Hebrews shall return from Egypt in the fourth generation, that is, after 400 years. Second, Censorinus in On the Birthday, and others in various places, assign to it thirty years. So Nestor is said to have lived three ages, that is, 90 years. Third, Herodotus, book I, assigns to it 23 years. Fourth, Eusebius, book X of the Preparation, final chapter, assigns to it twenty years. Fifth, St. Augustine, in Psalm civ, assigns to it fifteen years: for at that age man is able to generate. Sixth, γενεά or generation is a span of seven years, so physicians forbid the vein to be opened in a boy before two generations; and in Suidas Orpheus is said to have lived nine generations, that is, 63 years. Seventh, age is a year: whence Virgil, III Georgics: But when three ages have been completed and the fourth has come. Where Servius says: "The fourth age, that is, the fourth year," and adds: Age, he says, signifies any span of time. So also Varro says: "Having scarcely entered the tenth age," that is, scarcely the tenth year, "and" Pliny, book VIII, chapter xi: "The annual age," he says, "of dogs is just for bearing." Hence eighth, γενεά, or age, is a span of ten years: for the number ten is notable and full, which embraces in itself all the simple numbers, which arithmeticians call digits, namely all from one to nine. Again, ten is the first number of multitude after the digits, and is the limit of numbering: for after ten we return to unity: ten and one are eleven; ten and two are twelve, and so on in sequence. So in this place γενεά, that is, generation, is taken thus. Seven generations therefore are seventy years of captivity, which begin in the eleventh year of Joakim, and end in the first year of Cyrus, as I have said, Jeremiah xxv, 11; for Baruch, the disciple and scribe of Jeremiah, refers to this. Although Castro refers these to the 70 years of desolation, which, he says, begin in the eleventh year of Zedekiah, and end in the second year of Darius Hystaspes, of which it must be said, Zechariah I, 12. Some take generation here as seven years, so that seven generations are 49 years; for so many, they say, flowed from the eleventh year of Zedekiah, when Jeremiah wrote this, until the first year of Cyrus: for Nebuchadnezzar reigned from then for 24 years, Evil-merodach 23, Belshazzar 3; but this does not agree with our chronology: for beginning the 70 years of captivity from the eleventh year of Joakim, it must be said that from the eleventh year of Zedekiah until the first of Cyrus 59 years flowed. Otherwise our Vilalpando explains these seven generations in the Apparatus on Ezekiel, part I, book III, chapter II: Generation, he says, embraces fourteen years; for then the male is able to generate, and then he validly contracts marriage. Moreover, generation here is taken not for the act of generating, but for those generated or sons. The first generation therefore was transferred from Jerusalem to Babylon: when it first arrived in Babylon, it produced sons, that is, the second generation; this one after fourteen years produced the third; the third after the same number of years, namely in the year 28 of desolation, produced the fourth; the fourth in the year 42 of desolation produced the fifth; this one produced the sixth in the year 56, which finally brought forth the seventh generation in the year of desolation 70 in which they were freed from captivity. This explanation is not disapprovable, nor incongruous.
6:3
3. Making a show of fear to the nations, — to strike men with religion and a certain sacred fear and reverence. 4. Aliens. — In Greek it is ἀλλοφύλοις, that is, foreigners, namely Chaldeans, as if to say, Do not conform yourselves to the idolatry of the Chaldeans. 5. Adoring, — In Greek it is προσκυνοῦντας αὐτά, that is, adoring (namely the multitude, namely the Chaldeans) them, namely the idols. Our translator did not read τὸ αὐτά; whence he referred adoring to the Jews, not to the Chaldeans.
6:6
6. For My angel, — namely Michael, as is gathered from Daniel xii, 1, where Michael is introduced as it were a guardian and protector of the Hebrews, as if to say, Adore Me, not the idols of the Chaldeans, nor is there reason for you to fear the Chaldeans: for I shall defend you from them; for I have paternal care of you. First, because I destine My angel to you as a guardian, and that he himself may lead you out of Babylon, as he led you out of Egypt; for he alludes to this, namely to Exodus xxxiii, 2. Second, because I shall require your souls, that is, I shall be your avenger, I shall avenge the injuries done to you, and especially death if anyone inflicts it upon you. So Hugo and Lyra.
6:8
8. Ornaments for a lover (just as for a maiden who loves ornament, φιλοκόσμῳ, that is, one who loves and seeks ornament, from whence ornaments are gathered from everywhere): thus (the Chaldean idolaters) having received gold — they acquire ornament for idols. 9. Whence they take away, — that is to say, The priests take gold from their gods, and convert it to their own uses, and give it to prostitutes and harlots whom they keep at home. Thus the Greek. From the fact that idols are insensible like stones and metals, which suffer ornaments to be taken from them, and endure every other injury; he shows that they are not gods, nay, not even animate, nor have any knowledge of us, care, or providence. Truly the Poet: An idol is nothing but useless marble, whose property it is never to live, to know nothing.
6:11
11. From rust and moth, — that is to say, Idols are corroded by rust and moth, and filled with dust, nor can they shake it off, just as if they were mere wood or stones, as indeed they are: therefore they are not gods. 13. But the idol holds a sceptre, — the idol bears a sceptre, as if it were a king and judge governing all things, when it can condemn and kill no one. It is an enallage: for he spoke of idols in the plural, now he speaks of them in the singular number. 17. As to one who has offended the king, the gates are shut about (while as a guilty man he is shut up in prison); or as to a dead man brought to the sepulchre. — That is, just as a dead body, when brought to the sepulchre, is accustomed to be guarded by keepers, lest it be despoiled of precious garments, arms and instruments, with which both Jews and gentiles are accustomed to bury it. Thus Hugo and Lyra. Otherwise from the Greek Vatablus has already translated it thus: Just as to one who has offended the king the halls are accustomed to be shut about, as if being led away to punishment: thus the priests fortify their temples with doors, locks and bars, lest they be plundered by robbers, or rather by thieves (whom they themselves call robbers from their hiding). 18. But they are as beams, — idols are logs, wood and stones, which cannot see light. See Delrio, adage 883. 19. Hearts. — For some idols were inwardly of earth, or of some other fragile material; but outwardly they were of bronze or gold, and thus serpents which eat the earth, ate the hearts, that is, the interiors of these gods. Secondly, Maldonatus: "Hearts," he says, "that is, the marrow of the wood from which they are made, serpents lick and gnaw, that is, worms," so that it is a catachresis. 22. Cats, — cats, felines: for in Greek it is αἴλουροι. Thus Vatablus.
6:24
24. At every price, — they are bought at the greatest price, and yet lack spirit. Thus Vatablus. In which spirit is not in them themselves. — themselves is redundant by Hebraism, whence it appears the translator rendered these things from the Hebrew: for in the Greek it is not so.
6:26
26. Gifts. — The Greek δῶρον also signifies a lesser palm, which was of four fingers, the same as ζαλαισίν, or a third part of a span, as Eustathius relates. Thus Pagninus takes it here, that is to say, With the palm and shoulders they support the idol, so that it stands, lest it fall. 27. Their women plucking, — from the offerings which have been offered to idols. In Greek ταριχεύουσαι, that is, storing away in a pantry, that is to say, They keep everything for themselves, they impart nothing to the needy. 28. Women in childbed, — women in labour, who because they are unclean, are kept away from the temple and sacred things, Leviticus XII, 2. For although gentiles were not bound by this law of the Jews, yet in itself it was unseemly for persons so filthy and polluted to touch sacred things, especially among the Jews to whom it was abominable; whence the Prophet inculcates this to them, so that from the irreverence of the worshippers he might show the baseness of the worship itself, namely idolatry.
6:29
29. Because women set before — foods, or gifts and votive offerings to their idols. It is a subjection: for he had asked: Whence are idols gods? He answers: Because foolish and superstitious little women set gifts before them, as if to gods: therefore women make these gods. 30. Torn tunics. — Which is forbidden to the Jews, Leviticus x, 6. Shaven beard. — Which is forbidden to the laity of the Jews, Leviticus xix, 27; and to priests, Leviticus xxi, 5, both for the sake of honesty and decorum, and lest in this matter they should communicate with the priests of Isis and other gods of the gentiles. See the passages on Leviticus xix and xxi, Ezekiel XLIV, 22. He notes their hypocrisy and simulation. Again he deters the Jews from their worship and ceremonies, because these are repugnant to the rites instituted by God and Moses.
6:31
31. They cry out against the gods (they cry out to their gods with miserable and mournful wailing), just as at the funeral feast of the dead,—that is, just as mournful cries and groans are wont to be heard at the funeral feast of some dead person, especially among the gentiles, as Epiphanius says in the Ancoratus, bringing food to the tomb, they would invoke the dead with insolent clamor, saying: Rise up, O Hector! eat and drink. Or saying, Hail. Thus Homer says Achilles did at the funeral of Patroclus, Iliad XVIII: "Hail, my Patroclus, and farewell;" and Virgil says Aeneas did at the funeral of Pallas, Aeneid XI: Hail eternal to me, greatest Pallas, and eternal farewell. Thus Hugo, Lyran and Dionysius. He hints that the gods of the gentiles were men, and are now dead. For as Cicero says, book I On the Nature of the Gods: "The life and common custom of men took it up, so that men excelling in benefits were lifted to heaven by fame and the will of men. Hence Hercules, hence Castor, hence Pollux, hence Aesculapius, hence Liber." For medicine made Aesculapius a god; agriculture made Liber, Saturn and Ceres gods; the lyre made Apollo a god; craftsmanship made Vulcan a god. Hence Egypt worshipped Isis, learned Athens worshipped Minerva; because the former is believed to have invented the use of flax, the latter the use of oil and the art of wool-working. "The poets also came," says Lactantius, book I, chapter xv, "who, composing verses for pleasure, lifted them to heaven, just as those do who flatter even wicked kings among men with mendacious panegyrics. This evil originated from the Greeks. Whence the Sibyl thus rebukes them: Greece, why do you trust in men as princes? Why do you place empty gifts for the dead? You sacrifice to idols: who has put it into your mind to cause you sorrow, so that you do these things, having abandoned the mouth of the great God? Furthermore, this funeral feast of the dead was called by the Greeks περίδειπνον, by Tertullian in the Apology and by the Latins silicernium. Hence the old men called capulares, also called silicernii, as if for those about to die soon a funeral feast should be prepared. They were not therefore called thus from curvature, because they look at flints, as some thought, but from this feast which was called silicernium, because those eating were seen with silence, or because those silent thought they would soon follow him. Whence departing from the banquet, as if they would not see each other again, they would greet one another mutually, and would say: Farewell. Hence Varro: "Having followed the funeral, we prepared a sumptuous silicernium at the tomb according to ancient custom, that is, a banquet in which, having dined, those departing say to others one by one: Farewell."
6:34
34. Neither do they require this, — they do not demand, they do not avenge the neglect and breach of faith made to them in vows and promises. 40. For the Chaldaeans themselves do not honor them, — that is to say, Especially since even the Chaldaeans themselves despise their idols; for when they seek speech from Bel the mute, and do not obtain it, thus they understand their idols to be mute, they abandon them and make nothing of them. Thus Juvenal, in satire 13, insults Jupiter: Do you hear this, Jupiter, and do not move your lips? when you ought to have sent forth your voice, whether you were marble or bronze. 41. As if they could feel, which have not motion, — namely natural motion, as animals have. For nothing which is whole and entire, and retains its own nature, lacking such motion, can have sensation. Therefore everything that feels can by itself be moved, either by progressing, or by dilating and contracting itself. I say by itself: for by accident, for instance through diseases, and in the whole animal, and in a part, motion can perish while sensation remains: in the whole indeed, as through catalepsy; in a part truly, when paralysis does not proceed to the removal of sensation. Add to this, that we judge sensation and life from motion: whence the Church does not baptize aborted fetuses, unless they show some appearance of motion. These and many more things Valesius in Sacred Philosophy, chapter LXXIX. The reason a priori is, because all animals have a brain: from the brain moreover, as from its proper principle, both motion and sensation flow forth, through instruments, namely through nerves and muscles. Note: Idols and statues can move themselves in various ways. First, if quicksilver is put into them. Second, through wind which they catch in their cunningly made cavities, in which manner Albert the Great once, and now the writers of marvels make flying crows and dragons, such as I have often seen. Third, through weights, wheels and equilibria skillfully arranged in the statue, as in a clock. Thus there was offered to me for sale at Nuremberg a most elegant statue of the Christ Child, which as soon as you opened the box in which it lay, appeared to nod its head and smile. Thus at Augsburg I saw both other things, and a gilded Centaur given by our Father Trigautius to the Chinese, which at the touch of a certain wheel moved of itself and willingly ran forward to a space of three or four feet, shot an arrow from a bow into the ceiling, made sounds, struck blows, and did other wonderful things. But none of these things happen through animal motion, which proceeds from an intrinsic form, namely from a soul and vital spirit: whence these motions do not last long, and when the impelling cause ceases, they cease. And they themselves — the worshippers of idols, namely the Chaldaeans, abandon them, as I said. The Greek texts have it otherwise, and they themselves, understanding, cannot abandon them, that is, the idolaters themselves are so maddened and blinded, that although they understand the muteness and foolishness of the idols, they nevertheless cannot abandon them on account of inveterate evil custom. 42. Women surrounded with cords. — Note from Herodotus, book I, that the Babylonian and Cypriot virgins before marriage, indeed all their women, thus worshipped Venus, that at least once in their lifetime they desired to go to the temple of Venus, and exposed their chastity, so that whoever first came upon them might abuse them, having given a price however with this imprecation: "For so much do I beseech you, goddess Mylitta," that is Venus, "I implore," and this price these deluded women dedicated to the temple of Venus, and thus with virginity as it were dedicated to Venus, they thought they would enter into fortunate marriages. Hear St. Augustine, book IV of The City of God, chapter x: "To Venus, he says, the Phoenicians gave a gift from the prostitution of their daughters, before they joined them to men." The same concerning Phoenician women St. Athanasius testifies, Oration Against Idols, where investigating the origin of idolatry he says it was instituted "by the desire of those who, full of debaucheries and fornications, are represented in their fabrications;" and thus the most shameful life of their gods the idolaters proposed to themselves to imitate. And Strabo, book XI, at the end, treating of the sacred rites of the Persians, Medes and Armenians, thus writes concerning Anaitis: "This is Venus worshipped in the east, the idol of the Armenians: the most illustrious daughters of that nation dedicate themselves virgins to her, and it is the law that for a long time debauched with the goddess, they are then given in marriage, no one disdaining the marriage of such a woman (O wretched cuckolds, and infamous gentile husbands!)" For Herodotus writes something similar concerning Lydian women: for all of them are harlots. Thus the pagan Scots, before their daughters as brides were known by their husbands, first delivered them to be violated by their king: whose incest, in place and stead thereof, when they had become Christians, they introduced, so that new brides pay a certain sum of money to the king. Witnesses to this matter are Polydorus Virgilius and Hector Boetius in the History of Scotland. See here the stupid and insane filthiness of paganism, covered by the mask of religion, that is, of superstition, by the suggestion of the demon. For this reason, according to Herodotus, there were many lodgings near the temple of Venus, marked off by cords, and he adds that some deformed women remained there for two or three years, and awaited lovers in tents which were pitched with ropes. And some think that Baruch speaks of these ropes here. But it is an obstacle that it was not necessary to break these ropes; which however Baruch says of his own: then he adds that the women themselves were bound about with ropes: therefore these ropes were of the women, not of the tents. Wherefore secondly, these cords can be understood as garlands woven of rushes and flowers, with which these prostitutes bound their heads, as Herodotus testifies, and Strabo, who says they were crowned with thominge, that is, with a band or cord. Thirdly and most properly, these women bound their body with a girdle or cord, so that they might signify that they were virgins, and held captive by the religion and love of Venus, and by this sign, as it were sacred to Venus, they offered themselves to the first comer, and begged that he loosen the cord, and perform the wicked rites of Venus: and thus by wicked union, with the girdle or zone broken, they entered into marriage. Married women did the same if they wished to dedicate themselves to Venus. Thus from Herodotus, Strabo and Curtius, book V, according to Castro. Hence the cestus, or zone, was to the ancients a sign of virginity and virginity, which husbands then first loosened, when the new bride first entered their chamber. Thus the Romans in a love-charm bound the statue of a lover with three cords. Virgil is the witness, eclogue 8. Olive stones,—τὰ πίτυρα, that is, the bran of wheat or barley, says Vatablus. For thus πίτυρα is understood by Hesychius, Dioscorides and Theophrastus. But Our author here translates better, "olive stones," that is, the hard and as it were bony kernels of olives (thus Beroaldus in Henry Stephanus's Lexicon calls πίτυρα the little bone of an olive), or small harder olives, and almost bony, as being composed almost entirely of kernel. These are called πίτυρα, because they are of the color of bran, or because in olives crushed and beaten the stones are as it were bran and refuse. Thus Athenaeus, book II, chapter xiv, from Callimachus and Philemon: Πιτυρίδες, he says, are olives μασταὶ, that is, crushed, beaten; or, as others read, φαῦλαι, that is, bad. For the olive to the ancients, both Egyptians and Hebrews, as Pierius testifies, hieroglyph. 53, was a hieroglyphic of mercy, peace, love, concord; indeed of supplication, hope and prayers. Whence Statius: Banded laurel and the suppliant olive tree. Hence the Romans burned laurel for olive, as Virgil testifies, as it were supplicating a lover. This therefore was a philter or magical poison, by which those devilish women, whom neither riches, nor beauty, nor birth commended, by burning the stones, that is, the kernels, of olives, testified the flame of lust, and strove to soften and enchant the hardness of suitors, lest they should long desire, but quickly attract a lover. Whence at the same time with this burning they prayed, so that thus their guests might be tormented with love. Finally, thus burned and reduced to ashes, they scattered them into the wind, cast across the head. For thus Theocritus, in the Pharmaceutria, teaches that the Greeks learned this from the Babylonians, namely Simaetha the sorceress, who was desperately in love with the young Delphis. For thus he says: "As I, with God's help, melt this wax, so may Myndius Delphis immediately melt with love; and as this bronze wheel turns, by the power of Venus, so may he turn before our doors. Iynx, draw my husband to our house, now I will sacrifice or burn pityra." And Virgil, eclogue 8: Bear the ashes, Amaryllis, forth, and across the flowing stream Cast them over your head. Thus Guevara in the preface to Habakkuk. See Delrio in Magic, part I, Question III, section II, and Pererius in Daniel, v, 4. Moreover, they appropriately testified to the fire of their lust by burning the pits of olives, because these pits, being oily and fatty, burn vehemently, indeed they belch forth flame more than the pits of other trees: for which reason in Apulia the furnaces in which glass, lime, etc., which are most ardent, are cooked, they kindle with ground olive pits: for they abound so much in oils that they construct fire from them. But the wood of the olive tree, even if it be green and freshly cut, nevertheless burns and gives forth flame, because it is fatty and oily. The same thing grave men, eyewitnesses, affirmed to me at Rome, indeed they showed it to me before my eyes. Jeremiah brings forward this obscenity of the idolaters, as if to say: O Hebrews, take note of the obscenity of idolatry, see whether this be a God to whom, as if to a pimp, the gentiles offer fornications and the price of fornication, against the law, Deut. xxiii, 18; again to whom they dedicate not even olives or oil, but only crushed olive pits, namely filth and excrement. Surely the demon rejoices in such things, this is his incense, as the Greek texts have it. But your God and the true one rejoices in chastity, in the purest and best victims, and in the most fragrant incense. Hence Isidore, book III of the Sentences, chapter XIII: The poets, he says, feigned Venus to be an unchaste goddess, and Mars to be an adulterous god, so that they might persuade these crimes to men, as if they were imitating the gods in them; for who would not think it honorable, and would not judge it lawful for himself, what the gods were said to have done? 44. False,—they are vain, things of nothing, things mendacious, as if to say: Idols and all their worship are false, and superstitiously invented by men. 45. Priests.—In Greek τεχνῖται, that is, makers or artificers of idols, such as were the priests who took care that they be made, or who made them themselves. 46. Not are many of time,—as if to say: The artificers of idols are of brief age and life; how therefore can they make gods eternal and immortal?
6:47
47. They have left behind false things and reproach,—they have left behind idols, which are false and mendacious things, and worthy of reproach. Secondly, they have left behind to posterity false faith and religion of idols, worthy of reproach. Thirdly, as if to say: In place of gods they have left behind to posterity matter of falsity and reproach: for it is great falsity, error and reproach to worship wood and stone as if they were gods. Thus Maldonatus. 49. To be felt,—to be thought, as if to say: It can almost be touched by hands that they themselves are not gods. Thus the Greek texts. 50. It shall be known afterwards,—natural prudence from the event and experience that idols do not feel, nor help, will at length teach all nations that they are not gods. Thus Hugh. Secondly, as if to say: In the law and light of the Gospel the whole world will know and despise idols. Thus Lyra. And no work of God with them,—namely that idols can do nothing which is proper to God; for instance, they cannot raise the dead, illuminate the blind, give speech to the dumb, create kings, give rains, as follows. 51. Whence therefore is it known,—as if to say: From nowhere else than from the very inspection of idols themselves, and from experience, as if to say: What need is there of arguments? the thing is known in itself and clear, namely that idols are not gods. Whence the Greek texts have, τίνι οὖν γνωστέον ἐστίν, to whom therefore is it to be known that they are not gods? as if to say: Who is so dull that he must be taught that idols are not gods? Vatablus for whom reads who, whence he translates, who does not know that they are not gods?
6:53
53. They shall also not discern judgment, — they do not settle disputes of men by working a miracle, as God settled the dispute of Aaron against Core, Dathan and Abiron, Num. 16, and often otherwise. Like ravens, — weak and feeble, which although they are thought to be leaders of birds, yet being sluggish they scarcely escape the cast of a javelin in flight, and in battle immediately yield to the enemy. Secondly, as ravens are the weakest of birds, and have nothing besides their croaking: so also idols have nothing besides matter and external form. Hence from ravens there is a proverb κωρικίζειν, that is to croak like a raven, signifying to speak ineptly and garrulously, which St. Jerome uses, epistle to Rusticus, and Persius, satire 5: I know not what grave nonsense you croak ineptly. Thirdly, just as the gentiles observed the flights and cries of ravens, so that from these they might superstitiously divine future things: so also they observed idols, that is the victims of idols, and their gestures and movements, so that from these they might divine the future. Thus formerly marriageable girls, so that they might obtain auspicious marriages, would bring a rich breakfast to a raven, as is evident from Phoenice of Colophon in Athenaeus, lib. VIII. Moreover among the Romans, says Festus, "The grove of the Corn-goddesses beyond the Tiber was dedicated to ravens, because they were thought to be under the protection of Juno." The origin of the superstition was that the raven is a symbol of conjugal love. For males, joined to females in marriage, never turn aside to another raven, nor does the female, as long as she lives, turn to another male: but if death should cause a separation, the one who survives imposes perpetual celibacy upon himself. Thus Horus Apollo, lib. I Hieroglyphics cap. viii, and likewise P. Nicholas Causinus. Furthermore the common people think the raven, because it is talkative, to be prophetic. Hence that riddle of it: I live nine lives, if Greece does not deceive me: And not in anger I utter reproaches of my own accord. 56. To whom those who are stronger, — that is to say, Those who injure idols and plunder them, are stronger than them, that is to say, Thieves are more powerful than idols.
6:59
59. They obey, — they obey God their creator and governor. 60. The same (that is likewise) spirit (that is wind) blows in every region. — For, as Seneca says, lib. V Natural Questions cap. xvi, xvii, xviii: "There are as many winds as there are divisions in the sky. For there is scarcely any region which does not have some breeze arising from itself and falling around it." And Pliny, lib. II, cap. xlvii: "All," he says, "winds blow in their turns, but for the most part so that the contrary wind begins when the other ceases." Indeed St. Thomas on Job cap. xxxvii, 12: The winds, he says, appear to follow the motion of the sun in their turns, so that first when the sun rises the eastern winds blow, then the southern, afterwards the western winds blow. The same is suggested, Eccles. I, 5: "The sun rises, and sets, and returns to its place: and rising there again, it goes round through the south, and turns to the north; going round all things in a circuit the spirit proceeds."
6:62
62. But these (idols) are neither like them in species (in Greek εἴδεσι, that is in forms and beauties) nor in virtues (that is in powers) — to the sun, fire, lightning, etc.; but they are formless, unsuitable, dead, weak. 63. Neither shall they curse kings, — neither shall they do good or ill to kings, nor shall they make kings happy or unhappy. Among other men he names kings especially, because in directing them the providence of God is most clearly seen, which rewards or punishes kingdoms and republics through their kings and rulers. For He himself confers, preserves, enlarges, or diminishes, weakens or takes away kingdoms, as he indicated vers. 33 and 52, and Job cap. XII, 18, and Daniel iv, 14. Thus Maldonatus.
6:66
66. Signs also in heaven, — that is to say, The sun and moon are able to do more, and are of greater benefit to men than idols: both because they are signs of days, months and seasons, and describe them, Gen. I, 14, to which he alludes; and because they strike fear into the gentiles: for the gentiles from superstition feared the stars, as is evident from Jerem. x, 2. 69. A terror, — in Greek τὸ βασσκάνιον, that is a scarecrow, for example a straw boy with a bow, placed in a garden to frighten and drive away birds, which when they see the boy does not move, fear being dispelled, freely fly into the cucumbers. These the Greeks call μορμολυκεῖα. Thus Horace: Once I was a fig-wood trunk, useless timber, When a carpenter uncertain whether to make me a bench or Priapus, Preferred me to be a God. A God I am thence, of thieves and birds the greatest terror. He compares idols to these scarecrows of birds, which truly do not guard the fruits, but only from the opinion and imagination of birds, which think them to be true men, when they are only simulacra of men: thus indeed idols are not gods, but simulacra. Secondly, he compares them to a garden thorn, that is a buckthorn, upon which birds freely perch, when they see the thorn to be without prickles. Thirdly, to a dead and insensible corpse. Tropologically, such is a foolish and timid prince and prelate, says Hugh, and from him Delrio, in adage 886: For just as, he says, birds at first sight fear this scarecrow, but soon as they perceive it cannot move or harm, they perch nearer, then they alight and defile it: so subjects at first revere the prelate, but when they see him to be slothful and timid, they despise, supplant, trample upon him. He is similar to Shebna the prefect of the temple, to whom Isaiah says in cap. XXII, 15: "What hast thou to do here, or as if any one were here?" Concerning such Jeremiah complains, cap. XXIII, 13: "In the prophets of Samaria I saw folly." And Zacharias, cap. XI, 17: "O shepherd, and idol, forsaking the flock." For such are idols: shadows and masks of shepherds, not true shepherds; to which, as also to idols and scarecrows, the old proverb rightly applies: "An ape in purple." How many apes of this kind one sees in the courts of princes, to whom if you take away the purple, if you take away the torque, if you take away the gem, you will find mere artisans! To these applies that which, as St. Jerome testifies to Pammachius, Cicero most excellently said of Caesar: "When he wished, he says, to adorn certain men, he did not honor them, but disgraced the ornaments themselves."
6:71
71. From purple also and murex, which above them may hold. — Thus it should be read, not "hold," as if to say: From the purple and murex garments of idols, which are consumed by moths, you will certainly know what idols are, namely that they are stones and wood, not gods. Note: For murex some read marble: for in Greek it is τῆς μαρμάρου, which Vatablus translates as "splendor"; for μάρμαρος signifies brightness, splendor, and from splendor is named both the stone marble, as Anselmus Boetius teaches, lib. II De Lapidibus, cap. cclxiv, and here murex or purple: for, as the Poet says, in the Aeneid IV: "And she burned with Tyrian murex, the cloak:" the cloak, that is a double garment, which was the dress of augurs, says Paulus Manutius; if it burned, therefore it also shone. Secondly, marble is accustomed to be dyed with red color. Hence it signifies the murex or purple-dyed color and garment, which above the idols may hold, that is is gnawed away and consumed by moths; in Greek σηπομένης, that is which rots. Knowing therefore. — Rather it should be read with Maldonatus, "you will certainly know": thus the meaning will be connected with the preceding, and it will be completed here. That this is so is evident from the Greek. And they shall be a reproach, — they shall be a laughing-stock and shame to all. For all laugh when they see some stone or wooden idol, decayed, mutilated in feet, hands, eyes or head, being adored or having been adored. From this chapter Calvin is refuted, who says that the Gentiles were not so stupid as to adore wood and stones, but adored God in them, as in an image, just as Christians do. That this is most false is evident from this entire chapter, and from Arnobius, Lactantius, Tertullian, Justin, Athenagoras and others, who everywhere mock the Gentiles because they worship stones and wood as gods. We see the same thing done today by the Japanese and Indians. Simple people therefore worshipped statues as gods: the wiser ones as if the body or members of God; for they believed that divinity was fixed in the statue and idol, as if in its likeness, dwelling in it, and moving about and playing around it: the wisest mocked idols, like Socrates and Plato; although some of them worshipped them from fear of men, concerning which I have said more elsewhere. Wherefore Barlaam, in Damascenus in the History cap. x, demonstrates to Josaphat the threefold stupidity of idolaters through the allegory of the fowler and the nightingale. First, because they wish to raise up things past, namely Jupiter, Mercury and other shameful men now dead. Secondly, because they attempt impossibilities: for they ask for life from an inanimate statue. Thirdly, because they believe something incredible, namely that stones are gods. I have recounted the allegory of the nightingale in Jeremiah viii, 7. And St. Augustine, in the Sentences, Sent. II, 15: "Thus," he says, "are those who worship idols, as those who in dreams see vain things. But if their soul should awake, it understands by whom it was made, and does not worship what it itself made." Morally therefore learn from this chapter how impious and foolish idolatry is, which attempts to deprive the true God of His divinity and to transfer it to a creature. Hence the Saints detested it as the greatest crime of lèse-majesté divine, so much so that they preferred to suffer any torments and most bitter deaths rather than worship idols. In the first three hundred years of the Christian Church, more than six hundred thousand Christians underwent martyrdom for this one reason alone, being condemned either to the gallows, or to fires, or to swords, or to crosses, or to beasts. Wherefore Blessed Remigius, Archbishop of Rheims, when he was about to baptize Clovis, king of the Franks, the first of the kings of France converted to Christ after defeating the Alemanni, in the presence of a great assembly of nobles, as he was laying aside his royal ornaments and humbling himself to the sacred washing, said to all who heard: "Gentle Sicamber, lay down your neck; adore what you burned; burn what you adored," that is, adore Christ, whose churches you burned as a pagan; burn the idols which you then adored. Thus John Trithemius, lib. I Compend. Annal., and lib. De Origine Francorum. St. Chrysogonus, shut up in prison in Rome under the Emperor Diocletian, lived there for two years. But when the Emperor Diocletian, a Dalmatian born in an obscure place, wrote to Rome that Chrysogonus be sent to him after the remaining Christians who were in chains were killed, he was brought there; to whom the Emperor said: "I have summoned you, Chrysogonus, that I may increase your honors, if only you will bring yourself to worship the gods. But he replied: "I venerate in mind and prayer Him who is truly God; but the gods, which are nothing but simulacra of demons, I hate and curse." The Emperor, enraged by this answer, ordered him to be struck with an axe at the Waters of Gradatus. Thus his Life relates. At Rome, under the Emperor Hadrian, Seraphia, a Virgin of Antioch, while she was staying in the house of Sabina, a most illustrious woman, in the city, was seized by order of the Prefect and brought before him. To her he said: Sacrifice to the immortal gods, to whom the lords Emperors sacrifice. Blessed Seraphia answered: "I fear and worship the almighty God, who made heaven and earth, and all things that are in them. For the gods whom you command me to adore are not gods, but are demons; and therefore it is not lawful for me to adore them, because I am a Christian." Again the Prefect said: Sacrifice to the gods, lest you be punished with death. To whom the virgin replied: "I do not do the will of your father Satan, because I am a Christian." Wherefore, having been tortured in various ways, at last with her head bent down, the Martyr flew to heaven. Thus Ado in the Martyrology, 3 September. SS. Perpetua and Felicity, African Martyrs under the Emperor Severus in the year of the Lord 205, whom St. Augustine often praises highly, were condemned to the lions, and when they were being led to the amphitheater that they might be thrown to them, they sang with a loud and joyful voice: "All the gods of the Gentiles are demons, but the Lord made the heavens;" and when the Prefect ordered their faces and mouths to be struck with blows, they repeated the same thing in song with a greater and more earnest voice, as their Acts relate on 7 March. For on that day St. Perpetua was torn to pieces by lions, St. Felicity by leopards, and they triumphed over idols and demons. Tropologically, an idol is the heretic's heresy, the proud man's honor, the glutton's excess, the disobedient man's own will, etc. Die to these idols of yours, live to God: despise vain things, look up to true things: despise earthly things, look up to heavenly things: die to the world, live to heaven: die to time, live to eternity.
6:72
72. Better is the just man who has no idols: for he shall be far from reproach. That is to say: Far more excellent and happy is the just man who does not worship idols, because he will be far removed from the reproach and punishments with which God afflicts idolaters here and in eternity. This verse is as it were the conclusion and ending of the whole epistle, in which Jeremiah, as if embracing the Hebrews, begs and beseeches them to beware of idols and to detest them, that is to say: Dearest ones, you see how vain, foolish and harmful idolatry is: wherefore beware of it; rather endure anything whatsoever than worship idols. Remain in the worship of your God, who alone is the true God, who alone loves you, who alone protects you, who alone will free you from captivity, who lives and reigns for ever and ever. Amen.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.