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483 articles · English index · Indice italiano-
Indore, Apostolic Prefecture of (INDORE, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)
Ecclesiastical circumscription of central-southern India erected on 11 March 1935 with territory detached from the dioceses of Ajmer, Allahabad and Nagpur. It… -
Indostan
INDOSTAN: V. INDIA. -
Inducement to Sin (INDUZIONE AL PECCATO)
He induces to sin who by word, by example, and by cooperation incites his neighbor or encourages him to commit sinful actions. By word one induces to sin by… -
Induction (INDUZIONE)
In current language (apart from the technical meaning in physical science, e.g., magnetic i.) it means "conjecture," "supposition." In philosophical language… -
Indulgences (INDULGENZE)
Indulgentia, indulgere, in its proper sense indicates condescension, and to condescend, in the various shades of the idea. The imperial-Roman historiographers… -
Indult (INDULTO)
According to its etymological meaning (from indulgere) it designates any concession, permission or favor. In modern civil law the i. is an act by which a… -
Industrialism (INDUSTRIALISMO)
It can be defined as that complex of phenomena which characterize the formation of modern large-scale industry. I. is therefore a complex fact in the sense… -
Indwelling of God in Man (INABITAZIONE DI DIO NELL'UOMO)
It is the special permanent presence of the Most Holy Trinity in the soul that is in a state of grace; it must not therefore be confused with the common… -
Ineffabilis Deus
With these words begins the apostolic letter (dogmatic bull) by which Pius IX defined, on 8 December 1854, the dogma of the Immaculate Conception (v.). The… -
Inerrancy (INERRANZA)
Immunity from error, a gift enjoyed by the books of Sacred Scripture and which preserves them from every formal error. Inerrancy is distinguished into… -
Inés de la Cruz (CRUZ, INÉS DE LA)
CRUZ, INÉS DE LA: V. JUANA INÉS DE LA CRUZ. -
Infallibility (INFALLIBILITÀ)
It is that supernatural prerogative by which the Church and the Pope cannot err in professing and defining revealed doctrine, through a special divine… -
Infamy (INFAMIA)
It may indicate: bad reputation, vituperation, notoriety of shame, wickedness. (V. FAMA). Here we intend to speak of a particular legal institution that was… -
Infanta
Prelature nullius and city in the Philippine Islands, created on 25 April 1950 by Pope Pius XII with the apostolic constitution Praecibus annuntes, by… -
Infanticide (INFANTICIDIO)
From infanticidium (infans and caedo). It is the voluntary homicide committed against the person of a newborn. In the strict sense it is the intentional… -
Infantilism (INFANTILISMO)
A particular condition of the individual characterized by the persistence of an infantile development and infantile traits at an age already past puberty; this… -
Infant Jesus, Cult of the (BAMBINO GESÙ, CULTO DEL)
The cult of the B. G. [Child Jesus], not entirely unknown in the early Middle Ages, originated in the 12th and 13th centuries, when, in Christian spirituality… -
Infessura, Stefano
Chronicler, born in Rome to a family of the minor nobility living in the Trevi district in the first half of the 15th century; died there shortly before 1500.… -
Infinite (INFINITO)
That which has no end or limit. If that whose limit is denied is something negative and imperfect, there is a negative i., which coincides with the… -
Infinite and Infinitesimal (INFINITO E INFINITESIMO)
INFINITO e INFINITESIMO: v. MATEMATICA. -
Inflation (INFLAZIONE)
By monetary i[nflation] is meant the increase in the quantity of money in circulation beyond what is the market's need for means of payment. Under the gold… -
Infortunistica (Study of Accidents) (INFORTUNISTICA)
The study of infortunistica examines accidents from the medico-legal and social point of view. The term "infortunio" derives from the Latin in (= against) fors… -
Infula
INFULA: v. MITRA. -
Infusion (INFUSIONE)
INFUSIONE: v. BATTESIMO. -
Ingegneri, Marc'Antonio
Musician, b. in Verona, probably around 1545-47, d. in Cremona on July 1, 1592. Biographical information is quite scarce. He completed his first musical… -
Ingegno, Andrea d'Aloigi d'Assisi, called (INGEGNO, ANDREA D'ALOIGI D'ASSISI, DETTO)
Umbrian painter whose personality still remains not clearly defined; the reconstruction attempted by some scholars does not always seem to have very secure… -
Ingoli, Francesco
Priest, born in Ravenna on 21 Nov. 1578 to a distinguished family, died in Rome on 29 Apr. 1649. He studied at Padua, where he graduated on 27 May 1601. He was… -
Ingratitude (INGRATITUDINE)
It is the disposition of soul (vice) of one who does not acknowledge and does not appreciate the benefits received. It can take concrete form in a purely… -
Ingres, Jean-Auguste-Dominique
French painter, b. at Montauban on 29 Aug. 1780, d. at Paris on 14 Jan. 1867. First a pupil of his father, then, from 1799, of David in Paris, in 1806 he went… -
Inhibition (INIBIZIONE)
From the Latin verb inhibere, to hold back, to restrain. Among jurists it preserved its etymological meaning, and was used to indicate the compulsory… -
Initiation (INIZIAZIONE)
From Lat. in-eo (hence initium, initiare) "to enter within," here in the sacral sense of being admitted among the participants of a given religious group.… -
Iniunctis de Iure Iniungendis
A clause that is customarily appended to rescripts by which dispensations and absolutions are granted. Evidently its content varies according to the cases in… -
Injustice (INGIUSTIZIA)
INGIUSTIZIA : V. GIUSTIZIA. -
Inmarus, Archbishop of Reims (INCMARO, ARCIVESCOVO DI REIMS)
Born ca. 806, of a noble Frankish family, died on 21 December 882 at Epernay during the flight from the Normans. Educated in the monastery of St-Denis under… -
In Monte Olivis Consito
Hymn of Matins for the feast of the Holy Rosary, composed by Fr. T. A. Ricchini, a Dominican, and already entered in the Office of the same Order in 1825.… -
Innocentian Curia (CURIA INNOCENZIANA)
Innocent XII, after having abolished various privileged judicatures by the constitution Romanus Pontifex curae of 17 September 1692 and after having remitted… -
Innocent III, Antipope (INNOCENZO III, ANTIPAPA)
INNOCENZO III, ANTIPAPA: V. LANDO DI SEZZE. -
Innocent III, Pope (INNOCENZO III, PAPA)
Born Lotario, b. at Gavignano (Segni) in 1160 or 1161 to Trasmondo, a member of the local nobility (whence the family name Conti), and to the noble Roman woman… -
Innocent II, Pope (INNOCENZO II, PAPA)
Gregory, of the Roman family — indeed Trastevere family — of the Papareschi, was perhaps a monk in his youth, then for many years cardinal deacon of the title… -
Innocent I, Pope, Saint (INNOCENZO I, PAPA, SANTO)
According to the Liber Pontificalis he was a native of Albano, and he succeeded Pope Anastasius I in 401. His pontificate falls at a very critical time for the… -
Innocent IV, Pope (INNOCENZO IV, PAPA)
Sinibaldo Fieschi, born at the end of the 12th century to the count of Lavagna, of a Genoese family; he studied under the guidance of a paternal uncle who was… -
Innocent IX, Pope (INNOCENZO IX, PAPA)
Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti de Nuce, born on July 20, 1519, into a Veronese family that had moved to Bologna. He was in the retinue of Cardinal Alessandro… -
Innocent VIII, Pope (INNOCENZO VIII, PAPA)
Born in Genoa in 1432, died in Rome between 25 and 26 July 1492. On the death of the pontiff Sixtus IV, in 1484, Rome was under arms and even the college of… -
Innocent VII, Pope (INNOCENZO VII, PAPA)
Cosimo Gentile de' Migliorati, b. at Sulmona around 1336, d. at Rome on 6 Nov. 1406. He entered the Curia, where he became a cleric of the Sacred College… -
Innocent VI, Pope (INNOCENZO VI, PAPA)
A native of Limousin, Stephen Aubert was elected pope on 18 Dec. 1352 and crowned on the 30th. He was an esteemed jurist who > (phot. Alinari) INNOCENT V… -
Innocent V, Pope, Blessed (INNOCENZO V, PAPA, BEATO)
Dominican religious, known under the name of Fr. Petrus de Tarantasia, b. in Tarantasia proper (upper Isère Valley and not in the Aosta Valley or in the small… -
Innocent XIII, Pope (INNOCENZO XIII, PAPA)
Michelangiolo Conti, of the dukes of Poli, b. at Poli on 13 May 1655, d. at Rome on 7 March 1724. He was governor of Ascoli, of Frosinone and of Viterbo, then… -
Innocent XII, Pope (INNOCENZO XII, PAPA)
Antonio Pignatelli, b. 13 March 1615 near Spinazzola, of a princely Neapolitan family, d. in Rome on 27 Sept. 1700. He did his studies at the Roman College of… -
Innocent XI, Pope (INNOCENZO XI, PAPA)
B. at Como on 19 May 1611, d. at Rome on 12 Aug. 1689. Benedetto Odelscalchi, from a wealthy family of merchants, had done his early studies at Como, his… -
Innocent X, Pope (INNOCENZO X, PAPA)
Born in Rome on 7 May 1574, died there on 7 Jan. 1655. G. B. Pamphili, a descendant of a family that had come to Rome from Gubbio at the end of the 15th… -
Innocenzo da Caltagirone
Capuchin, of the Marcinò family, b. at Caltagirone on 24 Oct. 1589, d. there on 16 Nov. 1665. He taught Hebrew, philosophy and theology, was provincial… -
Innocenzo di Sant'Andrea
Spanish Discalced Carmelite, in the world Innocenzo de la Carra y López, b. in 1553 at Tafalla (Navarre), d. in 1620 at Granada. He was received into the Order… -
Innodic Canon (CANONE INNODICO)
It indicates the rule that must be followed in liturgical poetry. The rhythm, in such a case, presents a form or a module already fixed, to which the composer… -
Innsbruck
Apostolic administration, established on 11 Dec. 1921 for the territories of the diocese of Bressanone that remained with Austria after 1918. According to the… -
In Partibus Infidelium
Until 1882 those bishops were called "episcopi i. p. i." or simply "in partibus" who, though duly nominated and consecrated, were not given by the pope a… -
In Pectore
The reservatio i. p. is a special form of election to the cardinalitial dignity, different from the ordinary one, which consists in the creation and… -
Inquisition (INQUISIZIONE)
A special ecclesiastical tribunal for combating and suppressing heresy. SUMMARY: I. The medieval Inquisition. - II. The Spanish Inquisition. I. THE MEDIEVAL… -
Insanguine, Giacomo
Musician, called Monopoli after the city of the same name in Apulia where he was born around 1740; he died in 1795 in Naples. An opera composer of the… -
Insanity (INSANIA)
INSANITY: V. MENTALI, INFERMITÀ. -
Inscriptions (ISCRIZIONI)
ISCRIZIONI: v. EPIGRAFIA CRISTIANA. -
Insignia (INSEGNE)
Both bishops and canons may use certain insignia. The episcopal insignia are the zucchetto and the biretta of violet color, the pectoral cross, the gemmed… -
Insordescence (INSORDESCENZA)
In ecclesiastical legal language, it is the fully willed and pertinacious persistence in excommunication for one year, without any manifestation capable of… -
Inspection (Corporal, Real, and Local) (ISPEZIONE (CORPORALE, REALE E LOCALE))
Recognition and access are two means of proof offered to the judge in order to give him the possibility of obtaining information about specific places, objects… -
Inspiration (ISPIRAZIONE)
From the Latin in-spirare = to breathe into, to infuse the spirit. SUMMARY: I. Biblical i. - II. Divine i. - III. I. in non-Christian religions. I. BIBLICAL… -
Installation (ISTALLAZIONE)
Installation (a term used alongside inthronisatio for bishops and the supreme pontiff) is the putting into possession of a benefice, whether consistorial or… -
Instance (ISTANZA)
This term is used in procedural law with two different meanings. I., even outside canonistic language, in fact indicates any request or petition that, in the… -
Instinct (ISTINTO)
It is a tendency, an inner impulse, that determines and directs a complex of external, spontaneous and coordinated acts, by means of which the animal satisfies… -
Institoris, Heinrich (Henricus de Slectat)
Dominican theologian, b. at Schlettstadt ca. 1430, d. in Moravia in 1505. He was teaching theology when Bishop Rudolf of Lavant charged him with preaching the… -
Institute for Works of Religion (ISTITUTO PER LE OPERE DI RELIGIONE)
Erected by His Holiness Pius XII on June 27, 1942, in Vatican City, for the purpose of providing for the custody and administration of capital and real estate… -
Institute of Charity (ISTITUTO DELLA CARITÀ)
Religious congregation with simple and perpetual vows, founded by the priest Antonio Rosmini Serbati (v.) on 20 February 1828 at Domodossola, approved by… -
Institute of Maria Teresa (ISTITUTO DI MARIA TERESA)
The Ladies of Mary Theresa, called Servants of Jesus Christ, were founded in Bordeaux in 1815 by Marie Brochet de la Rochetière, assisted by the priest… -
Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary (English Ladies) (ISTITUTO DELLA BEATA VERGINE MARIA (DAME INGLESI))
Founded at St-Omer (Belgium) in 1609 by Mary Ward (v.), both for the education of English girls of the nobility, who had emigrated or were destined later to… -
Institute of the Consolata Missions (ISTITUTO MISSIONI CONSOLATA)
In 1891 Canon Giuseppe Allamano (v.), nephew and continuator of the work and spirit of St. Joseph Cafasso, with the aim of responding to the needs of not a few… -
Institute of the Missionary Brothers of Saint Francis of Assisi (FRATELLI MISSIONARI DI SAN FRANCESCO D'ASSISI, ISTITUTO DEI)
It began in 1896 through the work of a certain Paolo Moritz, a converted Jew from Danzig, together with other confreres already belonging to a self-styled… -
Institute of the Oratory of Saint Philip Neri (ISTITUTO DELL'ORATORIO DI SAN FILIPPO NERI)
It formed its first nucleus at the church of S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini in Rome, when, around St. Philip, there gathered some priests attracted by his > (from… -
Institutes of Higher Studies (ISTITUTI DI STUDI SUPERIORI)
This name designates the athenaeums or universities for ecclesiastical studies, where instruction is imparted in a scientific manner, in the university style.… -
Institutes of Justinian (ISTITUZIONI DI GIUSTINIANO)
ISTITUZIONI di GIUSTINIANO : v. CORPUS IURIS CIVILIS. -
Institutions and Works of Charity (ISTITUZIONI ED OPERE DI BENEFICENZA)
ISTITUZIONI ed OPERE DI BENEFICENZA : v. OPERE PIE. -
Instruction (ISTRUZIONE)
Under this name is understood, in the language of sacred eloquence and also in the CIC, a certain manner of expounding the truths of the faith, in such a way… -
Instructions of the Sacred Congregations (ISTRUZIONI DELLE SACRE CONGREGAZIONI)
The Roman Congregations (v.) are invested with a threefold power: legislative (which, at least in a broad sense, cannot be denied them), doctrinal and… -
Instrumentalism (STRUMENTALISMO)
This term defines the form of pragmatism (v.) peculiar to the North American philosopher J. Dewey (b. at Burlington on 28 Oct. 1859, d. at New York on 1 June… -
Insufflation (INSUFFLAZIONE)
Like exsufflation, insufflation is an ancient ecclesiastical ceremony still used today in the solemn administration of Baptism, in the blessing of the sacred… -
Insular Script and Illumination (INSULARE, SCRITTURA E MINIATURA)
The Latin script of Great Britain between the 7th-10th centuries and of Ireland between the 7th-12th centuries is today designated as a whole by the name… -
Insult (INGIURIA)
From the Latin iniuria, it means any injury to justice: «iniuria est alieni iuris violatio» (l. 5, D. IX, 2). In this sense, in which i. is synonymous with… -
Insurance (ASSICURAZIONE)
The contract of insurance (whose first examples date back to the late Middle Ages for maritime insurance, and to the 16th century for insurance against fire… -
Intabulation (INTAVOLATURA)
A system, no longer in use, of instrumental musical notation. When, in the second half of the 15th century, polyphonic choral music (in which the art of music… -
Intarsia (INTARSIO)
INTARSIO : V. TARSIA. -
Integrity of Confession (INTEGRITÀ DELLA CONFESSIONE)
INTEGRITÀ DELLA CONFESSIONE: V. CONFESSIONE. -
Integrity, State of (INTEGRITÀ, STATO DI)
INTEGRITÀ, STATO DI: V. DONI PRETERNATURALI. -
Intellect (INTELLETTO)
It is the principle of thought of human consciousness that distinguishes man from the lower forms of life. The first affirmation of the intellect as a… -
Intellectualism (INTELLETTUALISMO)
In a generic sense, any conception of truth that admits the superiority of the intellect over the sensitive faculties and over the rational and irrational… -
Intellectual Professions (PROFESSIONI INTELLETTUALI)
The contract whose object is the performance of intellectual work is a species of the genus of the contract of autonomous employment (v.), governed by its own… -
Intelligence (INTELLIGENZA)
Allegorical poem in nona rima of 309 stanzas by an unknown author (the attribution to Dino Compagni is uncertain), but certainly composed at the end of the… -
Intemperance (INTEMPERANZA)
From Lat. intemperantia, immoderation, in a generic sense it is the vice opposed to temperance considered as a general virtue and indicates the lack of… -
Intention (INTENZIONE)
St. Bonaventure (In IV lib. Sent., D. 6, p. 2, a. 2) defines intention as: "Will reflected (ratiocinata) insofar as it directs itself to the end." St. Thomas… -
Intentionality (INTENZIONALITÀ)
A philosophical term derived from intention, and today used predominantly to designate the order of knowability in its broadest sense of tendency (in-tendere)… -
Inter Caetera
Thus begin two bulls that Alexander VI sent on 3 and 4 May 1493: the first called the bull of donation, the second of division (antedated, actually sent at the… -
Intercessio
In Roman public law the i. begins with the founding of the Republic, and at first means the right of one of the consuls to prevent, by virtue of the par… -
Intercession (INTERCESSIONE)
In the theological sense it means the intervention of a creature with God to obtain from him favors on behalf of another creature. Taking place entirely on the… -
Interdict (INTERDETTO)
It is the canonical penalty that deprives the faithful of the sacred rites and renders them incapable of the use of certain spiritual rights, without however… -
Interdictio Aqua Et Igni
A Roman capital penalty, inflicted, from the last century of the Republic onward, by the tribunals called quaestiones perpetuae. Its origin is to be seen in… -
Interdiction and Inability (INTERDIZIONE E INABILITAZIONE)
INTERDIZIONE e INABILITAZIONE: v. INABILITÀ. -
Inter Duas Lauros, Cemetery of (INTER DUAS LAUROS, CIMITERO DI)
With this topographical designation the Jeronymian Martyrology indicates, at the fourth mile, the place on the Via Labicana where the martyrs Gorgonius… -
Interest (INTERESSE)
From the Latin interesse, "to be included, to matter," it is the price of a service: that of the lending of capital. Measured against a conventional unit of… -
Interest and Right (INTERESSE E DIRITTO)
Interest is one of the components of the notion of right. Considered in itself, it exists even apart from right; but when it assumes the attribute of… -
Interim
A Latin term denoting the space of time elapsing between one event and another, and which, used specifically in the terminology of public law, alludes to the… -
Intermezzo
Also called "intermedio," "rappresentazione intermediata," it is a short stage piece to be inserted between two acts of the main work. It originated in court… -
International (INTERNAZIONALE)
An association made up of intellectuals and workers with the aim of coordinating the anti-capitalist struggle internationally. The "League of Communists"… -
International Catholic Union for Social Service (UNIONE CATTOLICA INTERNAZIONALE DI SERVIZIO SOCIALE)
An association among Catholics to study, promote and represent on the international plane the Catholic point of view concerning Social Service. The U.C.I.S.S.… -
International Institute of Agriculture (ORGANIZZAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE DELL'AGRICOLTURA)
Better known by the acronym F.A.O. (Food and Agriculture Organization), it is the organization established within the United Nations, intended to embrace on a… -
Internationalism (INTERNAZIONALISMO)
INTERNAZIONALISMO: v. COSMOPOLITISMO. -
International Labour Organization (I.L.O.) (ORGANIZZAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE DEL LAVORO)
It is a tripartite institution in which governments, employers and workers, directly represented, carry out, on the international plane, action directed to the… -
International Morality, Codes of (MORALE INTERNAZIONALE, CODICI DI)
MORALE INTERNAZIONALE, CODICI di: v. MALINES, III. Codes of M. -
International Review of Social Sciences and Auxiliary Sciences (RIVISTA INTERNAZIONALE DI SCIENZE SOCIALI ED AUSILIARIE)
Founded in Rome by Prof. G. Toniolo (v.) through the patronage of Leo XIII, as a preparation, on the rigorous plane of scientific investigation, for the… -
International Scientific Congresses of Catholics (CONGRESSI SCIENTIFICI INTERNAZIONALI DEI CATTOLICI)
Held successively in Paris (1888 and 1891), in Brussels (1894), in Fribourg in Switzerland (1897) and in Munich in Germany (1900), the international scientific… -
International Treaties (TRATTATI INTERNAZIONALI)
In a broad sense, a treaty is any juridical act stipulated between two or more States or other subjects of international law. Treaties constitute the principal… -
International Union for the Protection of Public Morality (UNIONE INTERNAZIONALE PER LA PROTEZIONE DELLA PUBBLICA MORALITÀ)
A non-denominational and apolitical organization, which aims to coordinate the initiatives that have arisen in various countries to ensure respect for public… -
International Union of Social Studies (UNIONE INTERNAZIONALE DI STUDI SOCIALI)
UNIONE INTERNAZIONALE DI STUDI SOCIALI: v. MALINES, ARCIDIOCESI DI: III. Codice di M. -
Interpolations (INTERPOLAZIONI)
Alterations introduced into a transmitted text. In Romanist scholarship, interpolations are the modifications made in legislative and jurisprudential texts… -
Interpretation (INTERPRETAZIONE)
In legal language it is the logical operation whose object is the search for and explanation of the genuine meaning of the law, with the aim of measuring its… -
Interpreter (INTERPRETE)
Even in the current canonical order the ancient juridical institution of the interpreter has its importance; as regards the Sacrament of Confession, it was in… -
Interstices (INTERSTIZI)
Intervals of time established by the Church between the Orders, for the testing and formation of clerics and the exercise of each Order. The discipline of the… -
Intervention in a Cause (INTERVENTO IN CAUSA)
It is the entry into the procedural relationship of a third party who was extraneous to it at the moment when it arose (can. 1852). Intervention in a case is… -
Intervention, Principle of Non-Intervention (INTERVENTO, PRINCIPIO DEL NON)
In international law the juridical figure of intervention arises when one State intrudes into the internal affairs of another in order to obtain a particular… -
Intimidation (INTIMIDAZIONE)
INTIMIDAZIONE: V. VIOLENZA. -
Intorcetta, Prospero
Jesuit, missionary, b. at Piazza Armerina (Enna) on 28 Aug. 1625, d. at Hangzhou on 3 Oct. 1696. Having fled at the age of 16 from the College of Catania to… -
Intrados (from French intrados) (INTRADOSSO (DAL FRANC. INTRADOS))
A technical term in architecture, equivalent to "soffit," denoting the inner, curved surface of arches and vaults. The classification of arches depends on the… -
Introduction of a Cause (INTRODUCTIO CAUSAE)
With the introduction of the cause (also called introductio litis), the way is opened to the constitution of the process, and the suit becomes pending. The… -
Introit (INTROITO)
This is the name given in the Roman liturgy to the chant performed while the celebrant, in the solemn Mass, goes to the altar. Like the invitatory in the… -
Introspection (INTROSPEZIONE)
It is the method of analyzing the appearing and the content of psychic processes by means of self-observation, which is called introspection when it is… -
Intrusion (INTRUSIONE)
Intrusion, in the strict sense, occurs when the provision of a benefice is made, at least at the act of collation, not by the competent ecclesiastical… -
Intuition (INTUIZIONE)
From the Latin intueri (Gk. εἰσπρέω), to see, to look within, to contemplate, it indicates, etymologically, vision, a look, with a sense, for the most part, of… -
Intuitionism (INTUIZIONISMO)
A philosophical term whose meaning cannot always be precisely defined, sometimes replaced by the other term intuitionalism. In general, it designates a… -
Invention of the Holy Cross (INVENZIONE DELLA SANTA CROCE)
The reliable information about the wood of the Cross goes back to the middle of the 4th century. St. Cyril of Jerusalem speaks of it three times in his… -
Inventories of Art Objects (INVENTARI DEGLI OGGETTI D'ARTE)
The protection of the artistic heritage is currently the concern of all governments; in the past, the papal government in particular sought to prevent the… -
Investigation (INVESTIGAZIONE)
An inquiry to be carried out before the celebration of Marriage and before the conferral of Orders, in order to ascertain the existence of the requirements… -
Investitures, Investiture Controversy (INVESTITURE, LOTTA DELLE)
It is the struggle between the Roman Church and the Empire over the conferral of ecclesiastical benefices (bishoprics, abbeys, parishes): it forms the… -
Invicte Martyr, Unicum
Hymn of Lauds in the Common of a martyr, by an unknown author; it is already found in manuscripts of the 9th century (cf. C. Dreves, C. Blume, Anal. hymn. I… -
Invitatory (INVITATORIO)
INVITATORIO: v. UFFICIO DIVINO. -
Involuntary (INVOLONTARIO)
INVOLONTARIO: v. VOLONTARIO. -
Ioannicos, Saint (IOANNICOS, SANTO)
Thaumaturge born in Bithynia, b. at Mericati in 754, d. on 3 November 846. As a soldier he waged war in Thrace and against the Bulgarians, but, having… -
Iona (IONA (HY))
A small island west of Scotland, which, according to the Venerable Bede, King Brude of the Picts gave to the Irish St. Columba, who founded there in 585 a… -
Ionathan Maccabeus (IONATHAN MACCABEO)
IONATHAN MACCABEO: v. MACCABEI. -
Ioni
IONI: v. NUCLEO ATOMICO. -
Iorga, Nicolae
Historian, b. at Botosani on June 5, 1871, murdered in the forest of Pantelimon (Bucharest) on Nov. 28, 1940. The figure of I. is representative of the… -
Ipamu, Apostolic Vicariate of (IPAMU, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)
It is located in the central-western part of the Belgian Congo, and is entrusted to the Oblates of Mary Immaculate. On 13 April 1937, with portions of… -
Ippolita di Gesù
Dominican writer, in the world Isabella de' Rocaberti, Spanish, b. in Barcelona on 22 Jan. 1551, d. there on 6 Aug. 1624. She entered at a very young age (30… -
ipso facto e ipso iure
These two formulas are equivalent in meaning, and their use is found especially in penal matters: precisely to designate, in an equivalent way, penalties latae… -
Iquique
City and diocese of Chile, erected on 20 Dec. 1929 by Pope Pius XI with the apostolic constitution Ad gregem dominicum through the suppression of the apostolic… -
Iquitos, Apostolic Vicariate of (IQUITOS, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)
Located in the north-eastern region of Peru, it comprises the territory of the civil province of Alto y Bajo Amazonas, consisting of a great plain crossed by… -
Iraq (IRĀQ)
Arab state of western Asia, comprising the lower basins of the Tigris and Euphrates and part of the neighboring Syrian and Arabian deserts. SUMMARY: I.… -
Ireland (IRLANDA)
Officially called, from the Gaelic, Eire. SUMMARY: I. Geography. - II. Civil and religious history. - III. Juridical status of the Church and school system. -… -
Ireland, John
The most popular of the American bishops, alongside Card. Gibbons, b. at Burnchurch (Ireland) on Sept. 11, 1838, d. at St. Paul, Minnesota, on Sept. 25, 1918.… -
Irenaeus, Saint (IRENEO, SANTO)
Bishop of Lyon, b. ca. 135-40, d. ca. 200; feast on 28 June. I. LIFE. - The historically certain data of the life of St. I. are few. In all probability he was… -
Irenaeus, Saint, Martyr (IRENEO, SANTO, MARTIRE)
Bishop of Sirmium, he is commemorated on April 6 in the Hieronymian Martyrology, which records the true dies natalis. There exists a very ancient Passio… -
Irene of Portugal, Saint, Martyr (IRENE DI PORTOGALLO, SANTA, MARTIRE)
From the 7th century, commemorated on October 20 by the Roman Martyrology, her life presents legendary features. A nun in a monastery near Thomar (Portugal)… -
Irene, Saint, Martyr (IRENE, SANTA, MARTIRE)
IRENE, santa, martire: v. AGAPE, IRENE and CHIONE, saints, martyrs. -
Irénikon
A quarterly review, published since 1926 (from 1941 to 1945 replaced by a few issues under the title: Questions sur l'Eglise et son unité, published at… -
Iringa, Apostolic Vicariate of (IRINGA, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)
It is located in British East Africa, in the southern part of Tanganyika north of Lake Nyassa, and is entrusted to the Institute of the Consolata Missions. It… -
Irish Ecclesiastical Record
Monthly review published in Dublin, founded by Cardinal Cullen in 1864 and first appearing the following year. It suffered an interruption in the period… -
Irish Monthly
Irish Catholic monthly review, founded in July 1873, intended for the laity and rich in various contributions presented in a lucid and brilliant style. It… -
Irish Script and Illumination (IRLANDESE SCRITTURA E MINIATURA)
IRLANDESE SCRITTURA E MINIATURA: V. INSULARE SCRITTURA E MINIATURA. -
Irmos (Eirmos) (IRMO (ΕἸΡΜΌΣ))
It is a rhythmic composition of a chant according to a determined meter, which serves as a model for linking (εἴρω) to it a series of strophes or troparia of… -
Irnerius (IRNERIO)
Bolognese jurist (11th-12th centuries). With him began, through the Studium of Bologna and the school of the glossators, the whole renewal of studies aimed at… -
Irrationalism (IRRAZIONALISMO)
A term whose meaning is not easily pinned down, given the many senses it has taken on in the history of philosophy and especially in modern and contemporary… -
Irredentism (IRREDENTISMO)
Irredentism, an almost exclusively Italian phenomenon, was, more than a doctrine, a political movement animated predominantly by sentimental motives and… -
Irregularity (IRREGOLARITÀ)
Irregularity is a perpetual canonical impediment which, for the decorum of the sacred ministry, forbids in the first place the lawful reception of Orders… -
Irreligion (IRRELIGIOSITÀ)
The term is to be understood not only in a privative sense (areligiosity), that is, as the attitude of one who by habit practices no religion, but principally… -
Irresponsibility (IRRESPONSABILITÀ)
IRRESPONSABILITÀ: v. RESPONSABILITÀ. -
Irsina (formerly Montepeloso) (IRSINA (GIÀ MONTEPELOSO))
In the province of Matera. The antiquity of the Church is not supported by any document. Through the alternation of dominations, it always remained faithful to… -
Irving, Edward
Protestant pastor, b. at Annan (Scotland) on 4 Aug. 1792, d. at Glasgow on 7 Dec. 1834. In 1819 he was appointed assistant to Chalmers, in the parish of St.… -
Isaac (ISACCO)
Son of Abraham and Sarah, father of Jacob and Esau. He is the second of the great patriarchs of the Jewish people. In Sacred Scripture he is presented as the… -
Isaac (ISACCO)
First katholikòs of Persia, that is, hierarchical head of all the bishops of that empire, d. in 410. He was installed in the see of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, the… -
Isaac ben Solomon Israeli (ISACCO BEN SALOMON ISRAELI)
Jewish philosopher, b. in Egypt ca. 865, d. at Tunis ca. 955. He practiced medicine at the court of the caliphs of Qayrawān. A capable physician and a mere… -
Isaac II Angelos, Emperor of the East (ISACCO II, ANGELO, IMPERATORE D'ORIENTE)
He was emperor twice, from 1185 to 1195 and, with the help of the Latins, from Aug. 1203 until Jan. 1204. His government was very turbulent. He obtained the… -
Isaac Jogues, Saint (ISACCO JOGUES, SANTO)
ISACCO JOGUES, santo: v. CANADO-AMERICANI, MARTIRI. -
Isaac of Amida (ISACCO DI AMIDA)
Syriac writer of the 4th or 5th century, of whom it is not known whether he is the same as Isaac of Antioch or different from him. Others, on the other hand… -
Isaac of Antioch (ISACCO DI ANTIOCHIA)
Also called the Great, who according to some would be identical with Isaac of Amida. It is known from Gennadius that he was a very prolific writer (De vir.… -
Isaac of Edessa (ISACCO DI EDESSA)
According to James of Edessa there would be two I. of E., one a Monophysite of the second half of the 5th century and another who would later have become… -
Isaac of Nineveh (ISACCO DI NINIVE)
Syriac spiritual author of the 7th century, born at Bēth Qatrāyē and later consecrated bishop of Nineveh by the Nestorian katholikās George I (658-80). After a… -
Isaac of Stella (ISACCO DELLA STELLA)
Cistercian abbot and theologian, b. in England at the beginning of the 12th century, d. in the monastery of Stella (near Poitiers) ca. 1169. A monk of Stella… -
Isaac, Saint (ISACCO, SANTO)
Abbot of Monteluco. A native of Syria, he came to Italy in the first half of the 6th century, to escape the machinations of the Monophysites. Having settled on… -
Isaac, Saint (ISACCO, SANTO)
Abbot of Constantinople, lived in the 4th century and died between 406 and 425. He founded the first monastery of Constantinople and had St. Dalmatius (v.) as… -
Isaac the Great, Saint Armenian (ISACCO IL GRANDE, SANTO ARMENO)
ISACCO il GRANDE, santo armeno: v. SAHAK. -
Isaak (Izac), Heinrich
Flemish composer, b. ca. 1450, d. in Florence in 1517. He lived first at the court of Ferrara, then was organist and chapel master at St. John's and at the… -
Isabella II, Queen of Spain (ISABELLA II, REGINA DI SPAGNA)
B. 10 Oct. 1830 in Madrid, d. 9 Apr. 1904 in Paris. Daughter of Ferdinand VII and Maria Christina, she lost her father at the age of three. Before dying… -
Isabella of France, Blessed (ISABELLA DI FRANCIA, BEATA)
Daughter of Louis VIII and Blanche of Castile, sovereigns of France, b. in March 1225 and d. 23 Feb. 1270. Having refused ostentatious offers of marriage, with… -
Isabella the Catholic, Queen of Castile (ISABELLA LA CATTOLICA, REGINA DI CASTIGLIA)
Born 22 Apr. 1451 at Madrigal de las Altas Torres, died 26 Nov. 1504 at Medina del Campo. Daughter of John II of Castile and of Isabella of Portugal, in 1469… -
Isaia da Pisa
Sculptor active in Rome and Naples around the middle of the 15th century. In 1447 in Rome he was charged, as the successor of Filarete, with the completion of… -
Isaia d'Este
Lateran regular canon, died in the early years of the sixteenth century, also called "of Padua," according to the custom of the Lateranenses of preferring the… -
Isaias (ISAIA)
Ascetic writer, not to be confused with the Egyptian monk Isaiah of the 4th century, of whom Rufinus speaks (Hist. monach., 10: PL 21, 428 f.; cf. E.… -
Isaias (ISAIA)
The major of the writing prophets of the Old Testament (8th century B.C.). I. THE PROPHET. - Isaiah's activity is intimately connected with the history of the… -
Isauria
It is the westernmost province of the patriarchate of Antioch, and in the ecclesiastical geography of the Byzantine era it comprises only a part of the earlier… -
Isboseth
The only one of Saul's (v.) four sons surviving after the day of Gilboa (v.). His original name 'Īl-ba'al (I Chron. 8:34), "man of the Lord," was later… -
Iscariot (ISCARIOTA)
ISCARIOTA: v. GIUDA ISCARIOTA. -
Ischia, Diocese of (ISCHIA, DIOCESI DI)
Founded in the 12th century on the largest of the islands in the Gulf of Naples; area 46.3 sq km; entirely Catholic population of 53,000 inhabitants; 6… -
Isenbiehl, Johann Lorenz
Catholic exegete and Orientalist, b. in 1744 at Heiligenstadt (Eichsfeld), d. on 26 December 1818 at Östrich (Rheingau). A parish priest at Göttingen, he… -
Isenburg, Diether von
Archbishop of Mainz, b. in 1412, d. on 7 May 1482 at Aschaffenburg. Elected archbishop of Mainz in 1459, he did not receive the confirmation of Pius II. He… -
Isernia and Venafro, Diocese of (ISERNIA E VENAFRO, DIOCESI DI)
United dioceses, suffragan of Capua, in Campania. Over an area of 714 sq km there is a population of 53,000 inhabitants, all Catholics, with 41 parishes, 68… -
Ishtar (ISTAR)
Principal female divinity of the pantheon of the Babylonians and Assyrians, as well as of numerous other stocks of ancient western Asia, although not all of…