Derision(IRRIISIONE)Vol. VII, p. 152 IRRIISIONE. - It means derision, mockery, ridicule. It is the conduct of one who, by sarcasm expressed chiefly in the manner of laughing or speaking, intends…
HYPSISTARIANS(IPSISTARIANI (HYPSISTARIANI))Vol. VII, p. 129 IPSISTARIANI (Hypsistariani).—A sect of the fourth century widespread in Cappadocia, whose existence even in the ninth century is recalled by Nicephorus,…
I(IO)Vol. VII, p. 106 IO. - Nell'accezione più comprensiva e più corrente, designa nell'individuo umano il carattere di « tutto autonomo », principio dei propri atti, soggetto delle…
Iabel (Heb. Jābhāl; Greek Iōbēl)(IABEL (EBR. JĀBHĀL; GRECO 'IΩΒΗ͂Λ))Vol. VI, p. 885 IABEL (Hebr. Jābhāl; Greek 'Iωβῆλ). — Cainite, son of Lamech and Ada. He was the first to initiate the life of the nomadic livestock herder (Gen. 4:20). This…
IabesVol. VI, p. 885 IABES. – Name of two cities and two figures of the Old Testament. 1. Transjordanian Israelite city, commonly called I.-Galaad (Iudc. 21, 8. 10. 12. 41; I Sam.…
Iabin (Heb. Jābhīn "He considers")(IABIN (EBR.: JĀBHĪN «EGLI CONSIDERA»))Vol. VI, p. 885 IABIN (Hebr.: Jābhīn “he considers”). — King of Hazor (Ḥāṣōr), in the tribe of Nephthali, instigator and leader of the northern Canaanite federation, defeated…
Iaboc (Heb. Jabbāq)(IABOC (EBR. JABBĀQ))Vol. VI, p. 885 IABOC (Heb. Jabbāq). — Eastern tributary of the Jordan. It is famous in the Bible for the nocturnal struggle sustained on its banks (v. PHANUEL) by the…
Iachin (Heb. Jābīn "[He] restores")(IACHIN (EBR. JĀBĪN «[EGLI] RISTABILISCE»))Vol. VI, p. 885 IACHIN (Heb. jābīn “[He] establishes”). – One of the two columns erected before the entrance to Solomon’s Temple (I Reg. 7:21; II Par. 3:17); the other was…
Iacobello del FioreVol. VI, p. 885 IACOBELLO del FIORE. – Painter. He is documented from 1400 onward; d. in 1439. In his youthful paintings (the antependium of S. Ubaldo in Pesaro, a polyptych…
Iacobus de Zocchis de FerrariaVol. VI, p. 885 IACOBUS de ZOCCHIS de FERRARIA. — A by no means obscure canonist of the 15th century, born in Ferrara (hence the appended designation) at an uncertain date. He…
Iacopino da TradateVol. VI, p. 886 IACOPINO da TRADATE. — Lombard sculptor, he took part in the work on the construction of Milan Cathedral from 1401 to 1425, and in 1407 was head of the…
Iacopino del ConteVol. VI, p. 886 IACOPINO del CONTE. - Painter, b. in Firenze in 1510, d. in Roma on 9 Jan. 1598. A pupil of Andrea del Sarto, he was also influenced by Michelangelo and by the…
Iacopino di Francesco dei Bavosi or dei Papazzoni, known as Iacopo da Bologna(IACOPINO DI FRANCESCO DEI BAVOSI O DEI PAPAZZONI, DETTO IACOPO DA BOLOGNA)Vol. VI, p. 886 IACOPINO di FRANCESCO dei BAVOSI or dei PAPAZZONI, known as IACOPO da BOLOGNA. — Bolognese painter, mentioned in documents from 1360 to 1383 and certainly…
Iacopo (Lapo) TedescoVol. VI, p. 887 IACOPO (LAPO) TEDESCO. – Legendary architect of the 13th century, whom Vasari, in the second edition of the Vite (1568), says came from Germany to construct…
Iacopo da CamerinoVol. VI, p. 886 IACOPO da CAMERINO. - Mosaicist friar, assistant to Torriti in the apse mosaic of S. Giovanni in Laterano, completed c. 1292. In the lower mosaic band, on the…
Iacopo DacciesolaVol. VI, p. 887 IACOPO DACCIESOLA : v. GIACOMO di CESSOLLES.
Iacopo de' BarbariVol. VI, p. 886 IACOPO de' BARBARI: v. DE' BARBARI, IACOPO.
Iacopo della LanaVol. VI, p. 886 IACOPO della LANA. - Known as Lanèo, born in Bologna around 1290, died there around 1365. He is the author of a vernacular commentary on La Comedia di Dante…
Iacopo di Porta RavegnanaVol. VI, p. 886 IACOPO di PORTA RAVEGNANA. - Bolognese jurist, born in an uncertain year, already holding a chair before 1140, died in Bologna on 11 Oct. 1178. He was one of…
Iacopone Da TodiVol. VI, p. 887 IACOPONE da Todi. – Franciscan mystic and poet, b. at Todi ca. 1230, d. at Collazzone on 25 December 1306. He studied law at Bologna, practised as an attorney…
Iahel (Heb. Jēh'ēl)(IAHEL (EBR. JĒH'ĒL))Vol. VI, p. 888 IAHEL (Hebr. Jēh'ēl). — Name of several biblical figures. In addition to a son of King Iosaphat (II Par. 21:2) and an overseer of the “house of God” in the…
Iair (Heb. Jā'ir)(IAIR (EBR. JĀ'IR))Vol. VI, p. 888 IAIR (Hebр. Jā'ir). - 1. An Israelite, of the tribe of Judah on his father's side, and of the tribe of Manasseh on the side of his grandmother. The jair of I.…
Iajo (Le Jay), Claudio(IAJO (LE JAV), CLAUDIO)Vol. VI, p. 889 IAJO (LE JAV), CLAUDIO. — Theologian and controversialist, born around 1500 at Mieussy (Savoy), died at Vienna, in Austria, on 6 August 1552. Having obtained…
Iam Christus Astra AscenderatVol. VI, p. 889 « IAM CHRISTUS ASTRA ASCENDERAT ». — This is the hymn of Matins for the feast of Pentecost, of Ambrosian origin. The descent of the Holy Spirit in tongues of…
Iam Lucis Orto SidereVol. VI, p. 889 « IAM LUCIS ORTO SIDERE ». - A hymn sung at the beginning of the Hour of Prime, composed by an unknown author of the school of s. Ambrogio, and therefore…
Iam Morte Victor ObrutaVol. VI, p. 889 « IAM MORTE VICTOR OBRUTA ». — Hymn of Lauds for the feast of the Holy Rosary, composed by the Dominican Th. A. Ricchini (cf. A. Walz, Compedium historiae…
Iam Sol Recedit IgneusVol. VI, p. 889 « IAM SOL RECEDIT IGNEUS ». - Hymn at Saturday Vespers, by an unknown author, belonging to the “Irish-Anglo-Saxon” group. With the disappearance of daylight…
Iam Toto Subito Vesper Eat PoloVol. VI, p. 889 «IAM TOTO SUBITO VESPER EAT POLO». – Hymn of Vespers for the feast of Our Lady of Sorrows, in Asclepiad stanzas, composed in the 17th century when Innocent XI…
Iamblichus (Greek: Iamblichos)(GIAMBLICO (ἸΆΜΒΛΙΟΣ, IAMBLICHUS))Vol. VI, p. 229 GIAMBLICO (Ἰάμβλιος, Iamblichus). – Neoplatonic philosopher, b. at Calcis in Coelesyria, d. under Constantine the Great around 330. Little information about…
Iamnia (Heb. Jāhnēl; Gr. Aixinā, Iaxnēl)(IAMNIA (EBR. JÄHNEL; GR. ΑἸΞΝΆ, ΙΑΞΝΉΛ))Vol. VI, p. 889 IAMNIA (Heb. Jähnel; Greek Αἰξνά, Ιαξνήλ) — A city on the northern borders of Judaea (Ios. 15:5), to be identified with Iabnia, the Philistine city dismantled…
Iavelli, CrisostomoVol. VI, p. 890 IAVELLI, CRISOSTOMO. — Dominican theologian, born at Casale Monferrato around 1470, died at Bologna after 1538. A religious of the Dominican province «…
Ibagué, Diocese Of(IBAGUÉ, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 890 IBAGUÉ, DIOCESI di. — Diocese and capital city of the department of Tolina, Colombia, South America. It has an area of 30,000 sq. km. and a population of…
Ibarra, Diocese Of(IBARRA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 891 IBARRA, DIOCESE of. — Diocese and city in the north of Ecuador (South America). It has an area of 10,130 sq. km., with a population of 218,800 inhabitants, of…
Ibas (Hibā)Vol. VI, p. 891 IBAS (Hibā). — Bishop of Edessa, died on 28 October 457. He was head of the school of Edessa (v.) under Bishop Rabbūlā, together with whom he attended the…
Ibero-American Archive(ARCHIVO IBERO-AMERICANO)Vol. I, p. 1088 ARCHIVO IBERO-AMERICANO. – Historical periodical, now published quarterly, of the Friars Minor of the Iberian Peninsula, issued in Madrid since 1914.…
Ibiza, Diocese of(IVIZA (IBIZA), DIOCESI DI)Vol. VII, p. 346 IVIZA (IBIZA), DIOCESE of. — I. is one of the islands in the Balearic group. The Ebusitan diocese consists of the islands of I. (Eivissa or Ervissa in Catalan)…
Ibn 'Ezrā' Abrāhām ben Mē'īrVol. VI, p. 891 IBN 'EZRĀ' ABRĀHĀM ben MĒ'ĪR. – Grammarian, biblical commentator, poet, philosopher, and astrologer, born in Toledo (Castile) or in Tudela (Navarre) around…
Ibn al-'AssālVol. VI, p. 891 IBN AL-'ASSĀL. - An Arab jurist who lived in thirteenth-century Egypt. He was responsible for a compilation of canon and civil law, of the type known as…
Ibn At-Tayyib(IBN AT-TAJJIB)Vol. VI, p. 892 IBN AT-TAJJIB: v. ABŪ 'L-FARAŌ' ABDALLAH IBN AT-TAYYIB.
Ibn Gebhīrōl(IBN GĒBHĪRŌL)Vol. VI, p. 892 IBN GĒBHĪRŌL: v. AVICEBRON.
Ibn Rushd(IBN RUŠD)Vol. VI, p. 892 IBN RUŠD: v. AVERROĒ.
Ibn Tufayl(IBN TUFAJL)Vol. VI, p. 892 IBN TUFAJL: v. ABUBACER.
Ibrišimović, Luka(IBRIŠIMOVIĆ, LUCA)Vol. VI, p. 892 IBRIŠIMOVIĆ, LUCA. – Franciscan, Croatian national hero, born in Požega in 1620, died there in 1698. Defender of the Christian people of Slavonia against the…
Ibsen, HenrikVol. VI, p. 892 IBSEN, HENRIK. — Poet, born at Skien, in southern Norway, on 20 March 1828, died at Cristiania (Oslo) on 23 May 1906. His life unfolded from the closed circle…
Ibáñez, PedroVol. VI, p. 890 IBÁÑEZ, PEDRO. - Spanish Dominican theologian, born at Calahorra perhaps at the beginning of the sixteenth century, died in the convent of S. Maria di Trianos,…
Ica, Diocese Of(ICA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 892 ICA, DIOCESI di. – City and diocese of Peru, erected as an episcopal see by Pope Pius XII on 10 August 1946 by the apostolic constitution Ad maiorem…
Iceland(ISLANDA)Vol. VII, p. 193 ISLANDA. - I. GEOGRAPHY. - It is the largest European island after Great Britain (102,819 sq. km.; more than four times the size of Sicily); it lies…
Ichabod (Heb. 'L'ābhōdh "Without glory")(ICHABOD (EBR. 'L'ĀBHŌDH «SENZA GLORIA»))Vol. VI, p. 892 ICHABOD (Hebr. 'l'ābhōdh “without glory”). - Son of Phinees and grandson of the high priest Eli (v.). In an encounter with the Philistines, when the ark (v.)…
Ichang, Diocese of(ICHANG, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 895 ICHANG, DIOCESE of. — Mission established on 11 September 1870 through the division of the apostolic vicariate of Hupeh, in central China (v. HANKOW). It was…
Ichow, Diocese Of(ICHOW, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 895 ICHOW, DIOCESE of. — Erected as an apostolic vicariate on 1 July 1937 through the division of the apostolic vicariate of Tsingtao, in the civil province of…
Iconium(ICONIO)Vol. VI, p. 897 ICONIO. - A city of Asia Minor, situated on a fertile plain at the foot of Mount Taurus and near a small lake. Originally it belonged to Phrygia (Xenophon,…
Iconoclasm(ICONOCLASTIA)Vol. VI, p. 897 ICONOCLASTIA. — Heresy of those who opposed the veneration of images of Jesus Christ and the saints, especially in the 8th and 9th centuries. SUMMARY: I.…
Iconography(ICOMOGRAFIA)Vol. VI, p. 315 ICOMOGRAPHY. — From the documents of the trial of G. d'A. it is known that she never had herself portrayed: there is therefore no image that faithfully…
Iconostasis(ICONÒSTASI)Vol. VI, p. 902 ICONÒSTASI. – From the Greek εἰκοναστάσων. In itself, it is any structure on which an icon is hung or fixed (G. Codinus, De officiis Magnae Ecclesiae et Aulae…
Icons(ICONE)Vol. VI, p. 895 ICON. — A Greek word meaning image, which has entered usage to designate portable paintings with sacred images from the early centuries, and generally those of…
Ida of Leuven, Blessed(IDA DI LOVANIO, BEATA)Vol. VI, p. 907 IDA di LOVANIO, blessed. – Flemish mystic, who lived in the 13th century and died perhaps on 13 April 1300 or 1290. Of noble family, she was favored with…
Ida of Toggenburg, Blessed(IDA DI TOGGENBURG, BEATA)Vol. VI, p. 907 IDA di TOGGENBURG, blessed. - A lay sister or recluse among the Benedictines of Fischingen from 1218, where she was buried. She died in 1226. Feast on 3 Nov.…
Idacius(IDACIO)Vol. VI, p. 907 IDACIO. - Chronicler, born at Lemica, in Galicia (today Jinzo de Lima, in Portugal), about 395, died about 468. Bishop of Aquae Flaviae (today Chaves in…
IdaiaVol. VI, p. 907 IDAIA. — Name of several figures in the Old Testament. 1. Descendant of the patriarch Simeon (I Par. 4:37; Hebr. Jedhājāh “who praises Jahweh,” Vulg. Idaia).…
IdeaVol. VI, p. 908 IDEA. - The term, of Greek origin (ἰδία and εἶδος, from ἰδεῖν, to see), indicates, in its primitive reference, figure, visible appearance, form: ἰδεῖν τῆς γῆς…
Idealism(IDEALISMO)Vol. VI, p. 911 IDEALISMO. — In general, it is the doctrine that makes reality depend on thought. SUMMARY: I. Overall concept and division. — II. Historical development. —…
Identity(IDENTITÀ)Vol. VI, p. 917 IDENTITY. – It indicates the reflected unity of being in the variety of its forms and in the multiplicity of its elements, and may be either logical or real…
Ideology(IDEOLOGIA)Vol. VI, p. 917 IDEOLOGIA. — Etymologically (from ἰδέα ἐ λόγος), it is the science of ideas. The term was first used by Destutt de Tracy: «L'idéologie est la science des idées…
Ideumelōn (Idēumelōn)(IDIOMELO (ἸΔΕΎΜΕΛΩΝ))Vol. VI, p. 918 IDIOMELO (Ἰδεύμελων). – It is a troparion or poetic strophe composed with a specific number of syllables and with its own rhythm and melody, which does not…
Idiocy, Idiots(IDIOZIA, IDIOTI)Vol. VI, p. 919 IDIOCY, IDIOTS. — Belonging to the more severe or major group of the mentally deficient (v.), together with the imbeciles (v.), are the idiots or…
Idiot(IDIOTA)Vol. VI, p. 919 IDIOTA: v. RAIMONDO GIORDANO.
Idithun (Heb. Jēdhithān and Jēdhithān "Praising")(IDITHUN (EBR. JĒDHITHĀN E JĒDHITHĀN «LODANTE»))Vol. VI, p. 919 IDITHUN (Heb. Jēdhithān and Jēdhithān, “praising”). - One of the three masters of music appointed over the choirs by David. It is said that these “prophesied,”…
IdolaVol. VI, p. 919 IDOLA: v. BACONE FRANCESCO; DEMOCRITO.
Idolatry (Eidōlon Latreia)(IDOLATRIA (ΕἸΔΩ͂ΛΟΝ ΛΑΤΡΕΊΑ))Vol. VI, p. 919 IDOLATRY (εἰδῶλον λατρεία). - I. NOTION. - In its literal meaning it indicates the worship of idols. The term idol (εἰδῶλον) in Sacred Scripture is used with…
Idolotite(IDOLOTITO)Vol. VI, p. 920 IDOLOTITO. - Meat sacrificed to idols (biblical noun εἰδικόθυτος, synonymous with ἱερόθυτον) (phot. R. Sansini) IDOLATRIA - Clovis points out to Christ the…
Iduhsien, Apostolic Prefecture of(IDUHSIEN, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. VI, p. 921 IDUHSIEN, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. - In the central part of the civil province of Shantung, in northern China; it was erected on 16 June 1931, by division of…
Idumea And Idumeans(IDUMEA E IDUMEI)Vol. VI, p. 921 IDUMEA e IDUMEI: v. EDOM; EDOMITI.
IetherVol. VI, p. 925 IETHER. – 1. A priestly city (Heb. Jattir) of the tribe of Judah (Jos. 15, 48; 21, 14; I Sam. 30, 27; I Par. 6, 42), corresponding to modern-day ʿAttir, 19 km…
Iglesias, Diocese of(IGLESIAS, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 929 IGLESIAS, DIOCESE of. - Diocese and city in the province of Cagliari, in Sardinia. It has an area of 1,600 sq. km. and a population of 122,000 inhabitants, of…
Ignatius of Bergamo(IGNAZIO DA BERGAMO)Vol. VI, p. 930 IGNAZIO da BERGAMO: v. LUPI IGNAZIO.
Ignatius of Jesus (Carlo Leonelli)(IGNAZIO DI GESÙ (CARLO LEONELLI))Vol. VI, p. 931 IGNAZIO di GESÙ (CARLO LEONELLI). – Carmelite missionary. He was born at Sorbolongo (Pesaro, Italy) in 1596. Having taken a degree in both laws, he became a…
Ignatius Of Laconi, Blessed(IGNAZIO DA LÁCONI, BEATO)Vol. VI, p. 931 IGNAZIO da LÁCONI, Blessed. - Capuchin lay brother of the province of Sardinia, born at Láconi (Nuoro) on 17 (or 10?) Dec. 1701. During a serious illness he…
Ignatius of Loyola, Saint(IGNAZIO DI LOYOLA, SANTO)Vol. VI, p. 931 IGNAZIO of LOYOLA, saint. — The youngest son of Beltrán Yáñez de Oñaz y Loyola and Marina Sáenz de Licona y Balda, he was born in 1491, before 23 October, in…
Ignatius of Saint Paul(IGNAZIO DI SAN PAOLO)Vol. VI, p. 933 IGNAZIO di SAN PAOLO. - Passionist, in the world George Spencer, born in London on 21 Dec. 1799, died at Carstairs (Scotland) on 1 Oct. 1864. He completed his…
Ignatius of the Cross(IGNAZIO DELLA CROCE)Vol. VI, p. 931 IGNAZIO della CROCE: v. DANISI, IGNAZIO.
Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, Martyr(IGNAZIO, VESCOVO DI ANTIOCHIA, MARTIRE)Vol. VI, p. 929 IGNAZIO, Bishop of ANTIOCH, martyr. - Feast: Dec. 20 in the Greek Church, Feb. 1 in the Roman Church. I., condemned ad bestias (Irenaeus, Haeres., V, 28, 4),…
Ignatius, Patriarch of Constantinople, Saint(IGNAZIO, PATRIARCA DI COSTANTINOPOLI, SANTO)Vol. VI, p. 930 IGNATIUS, patriarch of CONSTANTINOPLE, saint. — Nicetas (I. is the later name), born in Constantinople in 797; he was patriarch in 847–58 and 867–77; his…
Ignorance(IGNORANZA)Vol. VI, p. 933 IGNORANZA. – In the broadest sense, it is the deprivation of knowledge or science in a subject capable of possessing it. If the subject is incapable, one…
Ignudi, StefanoVol. VI, p. 936 IGNUDI, STEFANO. - Theologian and Dante scholar of the Conventual Minors, b. in Genova on 28 Feb. 1865, d. in Roma on 2 June 1945. Having entered the Order in…
Iguaçu, Prelature Of(IGUASSU, PRELATURA NULLIUS)Vol. VI, p. 936 Iguaçu, Prelature Nullius: v. FOZ DE IGUASSU, prelature nullius. (by courtesy of Fr. Gaetano Stano, O.F.M. Conv.) IGNUDI, STEFANO - Ritratto.
Ihsien, Apostolic Prefecture Of(YIHSIEN, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. XII, p. 1073 YIHSIEN, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. — In the northwestern part of the province of Hopeh (northern China). It was erected as a mission sui iuris on 25 May 1929…
Il Conciliatore(CONCILIATORE, IL)Vol. IV, p. 117 CONCILIATORE, IL. — “Scientific-literary periodical,” called “the blue paper” because of the color of the paper on which it was published in Milan twice weekly…
Il Fiore(FIORE, IL)Vol. V, p. 832 FIORE, IL. - An allegorical-didactic poem of 232 sonnets in the Italian vernacular, from the fourteenth century. It has been preserved only in manuscript H 438…
Il Quotidiano(QUOTIDIANO, IL)Vol. X, p. 263 QUOTIDIANO, IL. - Political and information newspaper, organ of Azione Cattolica Italiana. It is published in Rome and distributed in various regional editions…
IldebrandoVol. VI, p. 940 ILDEBRANDO : v. GREGORIO VII, PAPA.
IldefonsVol. VI, p. 837 ILDEFONS. — Benedictine abbot, promoter of the liturgical movement in Germany, born at Junkersdorf (Cologne) on 27 November 1874, died at Maria Laach on 2…
Ildefonsus Of Toledo, Saint(ILDEFONSO DA TOLEDO, SANTO)Vol. VI, p. 940 ILDEFONSO of TOLEDO, Saint. — Archbishop of Toledo, born in Toledo in 617, died there on 23 January 667. He was called El Capellán de la Virgen in the comedy…
Ildibad, King Of The Goths Of Italy(ILDIBADO, RE GOTO D'ITALIA)Vol. VI, p. 941 ILDIBADO, Gothic king of ITALY. - After Ravenna had fallen into the hands of the Byzantines through the action of Belisario in May 540, the Goths of northern…
Ilduin, Abbot of St-Denis(ILDUINO, ABATE DI ST-DENIS)Vol. VI, p. 942 ILDUINO, abbot of ST-DENIS. - Born into a noble family in the second half of the 8th century, died 22 Nov. 844. He completed his studies under Alcuno and had…
Ilhéos, Diocese of(ILHÉOS, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 943 ILHÉOS, DIOCESE of. — City and diocese in the State of Bahia in Brazil, erected by Pope Pius X on 20 October 1913 through the dismemberment of the territory of…
Ilitia (Greek Eileíthōs)(ILITIA (ΕἸΛΕΊΒΩΣ))Vol. VI, p. 943 ILITIA (Εἰλείβωσ). — In Crete Ἐλεύβωσ, in Laconia Ἐλέβωσ, in literature Ἐλεύβωσ, perhaps from the root ελυβ, with the meaning “to come (into the light)”; Latin…
Illegitimacy(ILLEGITTIMITÀ)Vol. VI, p. 944 ILLEGITTIMITÀ: v. LEGITTIMITÀ.
IlliberiVol. VI, p. 944 ILLIBERI: v. ELVIRA, CONCILIO di.
Illness(INFERMITÀ)Vol. VI, p. 1121 INFERMITÀ. — Illness is one of the grounds for exemption from or dispensation from ecclesiastical laws. At times slight illness is sufficient, whereas at other…
IlluminatiVol. VI, p. 945 ILLUMINATI. — Secret society with an ethical-political-religious basis, founded in Germany, in the Bavarian city of Ingolstadt, on 1 May 1776 by Adamo…
Illumination(ILLUMINAZIONE)Vol. VI, p. 945 ILLUMINAZIONE. – For the epistemological meaning of the term: v. AGOSTINO AURELIO, V. L'illuminazione.
Illumination(MINIATURA)Vol. VIII, p. 618 MINIATURA. – Properly speaking, the art of painting or adorning manuscripts; ornamentation which in ancient times was carried out predominantly with the color…
Illumination in Ancient Churches(ILLUMINAZIONE NELLE CHIESE ANTICHE)Vol. VI, p. 945 ILLUMINATION IN ANCIENT CHURCHES. – Monuments of a certain importance include early Christian lamps, made of terracotta or bronze, whether suspended or…
Illustrious Men(UOMINI ILLUSTRI)Vol. XII, p. 899 ILLUSTRIOUS MEN. – We should recall Bl. Cristoforo Maccasoglio of the Franciscan convent of the Grazie; Bl. Anselmo degli Anselmi of the Franciscan convent of…
Illyricum(ILLIRICO (ILLYRICUM))Vol. VI, p. 944 ILLIRICO (Illyricum). – Coastal region east of the Adriatic, originally comprising Dalmatia and Albania, which under the Roman Empire progressively extended…
Illyricus, Matthias Flacius(ILLIRICO, MATTIA FLACIO)Vol. VI, p. 944 ILLIRICO, MATTIA FLACIO: v. FLACIO, MATTIA.
Illyricus, Thomas, Blessed(ILLIRICO, TOMMASO, BEATO)Vol. VI, p. 944 ILLIRICO, TOMMASO, blessed. — Franciscan preacher and theologian, born ca. 1485 at Vrana (Dalmatia, whence I.’s surname), died at Mentone (Ventimiglia) in…
Images, Cult of(IMMAGINI, CULTO DELLE)Vol. VI, p. 966 IMAGES, CULT OF. — It is the honor rendered to sacred images, that is, to painted or sculpted representations of Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, and the saints.…
Imagination(IMMAGINAZIONE)Vol. VI, p. 966 IMAGINATION. – It is usually taken as a synonym for fantasy (v.). In medieval Aristotelianism, Avicenna distinguished between them, attributing to i. the…
ImamVol. VI, p. 950 IMAM. - Arabic term, from the root 'mm (“to proceed toward a place,” “to march at the head”), meaning “guide,” antistes. In Islam, it designates: 1) the one…
Imbart de La Tour, Pierre-Gilbert-Jean-MarieVol. VI, p. 950 IMBART DE LA TOUR, PIERRE-GILBERT-JEAN-MARIE. - French historian, b. 22 Aug. 1860 at Valenton (Seine-et-Oise), d. 18 Dec. 1925 in Paris. A pupil of the Ecole…
Imbecility, Imbeciles(IMBECILLITÀ, IMBECILLI)Vol. VI, p. 950 IMBECILLITÀ, IMBECILLI. — Imbeciles, or “biopathic frenast(h)enics (v.)”, are individuals in whom mental insufficiency, more or less severe but always less…
Imbonati, Carlo GiuseppeVol. VI, p. 951 IMBONATI, CARLO GIUSEPPE. - A 17th-century Cistercian hebraist, of whom few biographical details are known, born in Milan, lived for a long time in Rome, died…
ImbreviaturaVol. VI, p. 952 IMBREVIATURA. - In medieval terminology, it is the draft drawn up by the notary recording the act on a separate sheet and sometimes also on the verso of the…
Imbriani, VittorioVol. VI, p. 952 IMBRIANI, VITTORIO. — Writer, born in Naples on 27 October 1840, died at Pomigliano d'Arco on 1 January 1886. He was an art and literary critic, collector of…
Imitation of Christ (De Imitatione Christi)(IMITAZIONE DI CRISTO (DE IMITATIONE CHRISTI))Vol. VI, p. 952 IMITAZIONE DI CRISTO (De imitatione Christi). – A medieval ascetical work, one of the most sublime and most widely disseminated in the world. It consists of…
Immaculate Conception(IMMACOLATA CONCEZIONE)Vol. VI, p. 960 IMMACOLATE CONCEPTION. – With these terms, Catholic doctrine is indicated, according to which «the Most Blessed Virgin, in the first instant of her conception,…
Immaculate Conception of the B(IMMACOLATA CONCEZIONE DELLA B)Vol. VI, p. 966 IMMACOLATA CONCEZIONE DELLA B. V. M. NELL'OLANCHIO. – Nullius prelature in Honduras, in Central America. It has an area of 33,634 sq. km, with 68,133…
Immanence(IMMANENZA)Vol. VI, p. 973 IMMANENZA. — Said of that which, in its operation, does not go outside itself or beyond itself, but remains within itself. SUMMARY: I. Ontological i. in…
Immanentism(IMMANENTISMO)Vol. VI, p. 970 IMMANENTISM. — A neologism that has enjoyed considerable success in modern and contemporary thought, both in philosophical discussions with the development of…
Immanuel The Roman (Manuello The Jew)(IMMANUEL ROMANO (MANUELLO GIUDEO))Vol. VI, p. 976 IMMANUEL ROMANO (MANUELLO GIUDEO). - Poet, b. in Roma ca. 1268-72; d. after 1328. He belonged to the circle of Jewish scholars and poets of Roma. For reasons…
Immaterial Property(PROPRIETÀ IMMATERIALE)Vol. X, p. 109 IMMATERIAL PROPERTY. — The problem concerning the classification of the so-called “rights over immaterial goods” has been seriously debated. Opposed to the…
Immemorial(IMMEMORABILE)Vol. VI, p. 977 IMMEMORABILE: v. CONSUETUDINE; TEMPO.
Immensa Caeli Conditor(IMMENSE CAELI CONDITOR)Vol. VI, p. 977 « IMMENSE CAELI CONDITOR ». – Hymn of Vespers on Monday, belonging to the Irish Anglo-Saxon group. The inspiration drawn from the second day of creation, with…
Immigration(IMMIGRAZIONE)Vol. VI, p. 977 IMMIGRAZIONE: v. EMIGRANTE, EMIGRAZIONE.
Immodesty(IMMODESTIA)Vol. VI, p. 977 IMMODESTIA: v. MODESTIA.
Immodesty(IMPUDICIZIA)Vol. VI, p. 1004 IMPUDICIZIA: v. LUSSURIA.
Immolations(IMMOLAZIONE)Vol. VI, p. 977 IMMOLAZIONE: v. MESSA; SACRIFICIO.
Immortal Dei(IMMORTALE DEI)Vol. VI, p. 977 « IMMORTALE DEI ». — This is one of the great encyclicals of Leone XIII (19 Nov. 1885), in which, taking up again the principles of Gregorio XVI (encyclical…
Immortality of the Human Soul(IMMORTALITÀ DELL'ANIMA UMANA)Vol. VI, p. 977 HUMAN SOUL, IMMORTALITY OF THE. - It is the property of the human soul to survive the death of the body. OUTLINE: I. Immortality in the history of religions. -…
Immutability of Dogma(IMMUTABILITÀ DEL DOGMA)Vol. VI, p. 988 IMMUTABILITÀ DEL DOGMA: v. DOGMA.
Immutability of God(IMMUTABILITÀ DI DIO)Vol. VI, p. 988 IMMUTABILITÀ DI DIO: v. ATTRIBUTI DIVINI.
Imola, Diocese of(IMOLA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 988 IMOLA, DIOCESI di. — City and diocese in the province of Bologna. It has a population of 144,450 inhabitants, of whom 144,226 are Catholics; it has 132…
Impanation(IMPANAZIONE)Vol. VI, p. 989 IMPANAZIONE : v. EUCARISTIA; TRANSUSTANZIAZIONE.
Impeccability of Jesus Christ(IMPECCABILITÀ DI GESÙ CRISTO)Vol. VI, p. 989 IMPECCABILITÀ di GESÙ CRISTO : v. PSICOLOGIA di GESÙ CRISTO.
Impediments(IMPEDIMENTI)Vol. VI, p. 989 IMPEDIMENTI. – From the Latin impedimentum (the verb impedio expresses the action by which the feet are entangled), i. generally and abstractly signifies…
Impenitent(IMPENITENTE)Vol. VI, p. 993 IMPENITENT. – From ecclesiastical Latin impenitent, i.e. the sinner who, directly or indirectly, through ignorance or culpable negligence, refuses to repent of…
Imperial Diets of Roncaglia(RONCAGLIA, DIETE IMPERIALI DI)Vol. X, p. 794 RONCAGLIA, IMPERIAL DIETS of. — A hamlet of Piacenza, at the border between that city, Lodi, and Pavia (Runcalea, from runcare), near the Lambro and the Po, at…
Imperial Style(IMPERO, STILE)Vol. VI, p. 993 EMPIRE STYLE. — Designation of the phase of the neoclassical style adopted and disseminated as the official aesthetic expression of the Napoleonic Empire;…
Imperial, FranciscoVol. VI, p. 993 IMPERIAL, FRANCISCO. - Spanish poet of Italian origin, b. in Genoa about 1360, d. between the first and second decades of the 15th century in Seville, where…
Imperialism(IMPERIALISMO)Vol. VI, p. 993 IMPERIALISMO. — The term imperialism designates a specific mode of action inspired by a precise theory: to speak of imperialism for the centuries preceding the…
Impotence(IMPOTENZA)Vol. VI, p. 998 IMPOTENZA. — I. (Latin impotentia) is the impossibility of doing something. Law and morality concern themselves with man’s i. in the sphere of his duties, that…
Imprecation(IMPRECAZIONE)Vol. VI, p. 1001 IMPRECAZIONE. – A wish for some material or spiritual evil, directed against oneself or against others. In pagan antiquity there was widespread abuse of…
Impression(IMPRESSIONE)Vol. VI, p. 1002 IMPRESSION. - The term acquires a technical meaning in those theories of knowledge that study the relation between the external world and sensory experience,…
Impressionism(IMPRESSIONISMO)Vol. VI, p. 1002 IMPRESSIONISM. — The term i. and the adjectives derived from it generally serve to designate a painting in patches, summary and rapid, intended to render the…
ImprimaturVol. VI, p. 1003 IMPRIMATUR. — “Let it be printed”: this is the formula by which the Ordinary of the place or the competent dicastery of the Roman Curia grants permission to…
Impropers(IMPROPERI)Vol. VI, p. 1004 IMPROPERI. – This is the name given to a series of lamentations in which the Lord reproaches the Jewish people for the ingratitude they have shown for his…
Impuberes(IMPUBERI)Vol. VI, p. 1004 IMPUBERI: v. ETÀ; FANCIULLEZZA.
Impulsivity(IMPULSIVITÀ)Vol. VI, p. 1004 IMPULSIVITY. — In ordinary language, this denotes the tendency to perform, under the pressure of a sudden conscious or subconscious ideational-affective state…
Impurity(IMPURITÀ)Vol. VI, p. 1004 IMPURITY. - From the Lat. impuritas, the state of being impure, it is one of the terms used to indicate the vice against purity (v.). In general, it consists…
Imputability(IMPUTABILITÀ)Vol. VI, p. 1005 IMPUTABILITÀ. – From the Latin noun imputabilitas and the verb imputare, that is, to reckon, ascribe, or attribute, it is the quality or property of an act or…
In Monte Olivis ConsitoVol. VI, p. 1166 « IN MONTE OLIVIS CONSITO ». – Hymn of Matins for the feast of the Holy Rosary, composed by Fr. T. A. Ricchini, Dominican, and already entered in the Office of…
In Partibus InfideliumVol. VII, p. 53 «IN PARTIBUS INFIDELIUM». — Until 1882, those bishops who had been duly appointed and consecrated, but to whom the pope did not entrust the governance of a…
In PectoreVol. VII, p. 54 IN PECTORE. - Reservatio i. p. is a special form of election to the cardinalitial dignity, distinct from the ordinary form, consisting in the creation and…
In the Missions(NELLE MISSIONI)Vol. VIII, p. 1025 IN THE MISSIONS. — Also in the renewal of missionary apostolate, prescriptions concerning the neophytes were numerous. In 1213 Riccardo, prior of Bermondsey,…
Inability(INABILITÀ)Vol. VI, p. 1007 INABILITY. — Impediment to validly performing certain specific acts. In order to safeguard the common good of society, whether civil or religious, it is…
Inadvertence(INAVVERTENZA)Vol. VI, p. 1009 INADVERTENCE. – In general, everything that lies outside the field of actual consciousness is called i. I. takes the form and name of forgetfulness when it…
Inamovibility(INAMOVIBILITÀ)Vol. VI, p. 1009 INAMOVIBILITÀ. — It is a quality inherent in certain ecclesiastical benefices, whereby the holder is invested with them in perpetuity and may be removed only…
Incapacity(INCAPACITÀ)Vol. VI, p. 1010 INCAPACITÀ. — In moral theology and law, this is the lack of certain conditions necessary for action, such that a subject finds himself unable to perform a…
Incardination(INCARDINAZIONE)Vol. VI, p. 1010 INCARDINATION. — The canonical order presupposes and requires that every cleric be enrolled in a diocese or in a religious institute, and in no way admits…
Incarnation (Σάρκωσις)(INCARNAZIONE (ΣΆΡΚΩΣΙΣ))Vol. VI, p. 1011 INCARNATION (σάρκωσις). — A term of Semitic flavor, derived from the Johannine expression (Io. 1, 14: καὶ ὁ Λόγος σάρξ ἐγένετο), in which the word σάρξ (flesh)…
IncasVol. VI, p. 1015 INCAS: v. PERÙ, RELIGIONE del.
Incense(INCENSO)Vol. VI, p. 1015 INCENSO. — A resinous substance which, when burned, emits a pleasant aromatic scent and smoke. I. SACRED SCRIPTURE. – The Bible often speaks of incense (Hebr.…
Incense Bearer(INCENSIERE)Vol. VI, p. 1015 INCENSIERE: v. TURIBOLO.
IncertiVol. VI, p. 1016 INCERTI. - The designation customarily given to those payments intended to provide decent support for those who hold public ecclesiastical offices, for example…
Incest(INCESTO)Vol. VI, p. 1016 INCEST. – I. NOTION. – From incestu (non castus), it is the carnal sin between blood relatives or relatives by marriage who, according to natural and…
Inchino, GabrieleVol. VI, p. 1021 INCHINO, GABRIELE. - Preacher, Lateran regular canon, born in Vicenza in 1548, died there about 1608. The sermons that I. delivered in various cities of Italy…
Incitement To Crime(INCITAMENTO AL DELITTO)Vol. VI, p. 1023 INCITAMENTO AL DELITTO: V. ISTIGAZIONE AL DELITTO.
Incitement to Crime(ISTIGAZIONE AL DELITTO)Vol. VII, p. 214 INCITEMENT TO CRIME. — This is a specific form of participation by several persons in a crime, more precisely a form of moral participation, that is, carried…
Inclination(INCLINAZIONE)Vol. VI, p. 1023 INCLINATION. - I. IN PHILOSOPHY. - It is the orientation or disposition of an agent with respect to the object that is the purpose or end of its operation: in…
Income(REDDITO)Vol. X, p. 369 INCOME. — It is the increase in wealth, considered over a period of one year, arising from the productive employment of labor or capital, and which may be…
Incompatibility of Benefices(INCOMPATIBILITÀ DEI BENEFICI)Vol. VI, p. 1026 Incompatibility of benefices. - According to can. 1439, it is not permissible to accept and retain, in title or in perpetual commendam, several incompatible…
Inconstancy(INCOSTANZA)Vol. VI, p. 1034 INCOSTANZA. - From the Latin inconstantia, lack of steadfastness, fickleness, it is a vice opposed to prudence, insofar as it leads one to change one’s…
Inconvenience(INCOMODO)Vol. VI, p. 1025 INCOMODO. — I. (from the Latin incommodum, that is, discomfort, disturbance, harm) denotes in moral theology and law that particular difficulty or specific…
Incorporation(INCORPORAZIONE)Vol. VI, p. 1033 INCORPORAZIONE (a CRISTO): v. CORPO MISTICO.
Incorporation of Benefices(INCORPORAZIONE DEI BENEFICI)Vol. VI, p. 1033 INCORPORATION OF BENEFICES. — This is one of the possible innovations in benefices and properly consists in the union called minus principalis, perpetual, of a…
Incubation(INCUBAZIONE)Vol. VI, p. 1035 INCUBATION. — From the Latin in-cubare, “to lie within” (with a temple or other sacred place understood; German Tempelschlaaf), it is a rite connected with the…
Incunabulum(INCUNABULO)Vol. VI, p. 1035 INCUNABULUM. — From the Latin incunabula, “infant’s swaddling clothes,” a noun indicating every book printed from 1455 to 1500, the conventional date after…
Indefectibility of the Church(INDEFETTIBILITÀ DELLA CHIESA)Vol. VI, p. 1036 INDEFETTIBILITÀ DELLA CHIESA. — A supernatural property of the true Church, by virtue of which it will remain, until the end of the world, as Jesus Christ…
Indefinite(INDEFINITO)Vol. VI, p. 1041 INDEFINITE. — Besides having the meaning of indeterminate (v. INFINITO), i. denotes a limited magnitude that can grow without end. I. coincides with the…
Independent, Sect of the(INDIPENDENTI, SETTA DEGLI)Vol. VI, p. 1063 INDIPENDENTI, SETTA degli: v. CONGREGAZIONALISTI.
Indeterminism(INDETERMINISMO)Vol. VI, p. 1043 INDETERMINISMO: V. DETERMINISMO.
Index CoemeteriorumVol. VI, p. 1043 INDEX COEMETERIORUM: v. ITINERARI. INDIA — 1) State boundaries; 2) ecclesiastical circumscription boundaries; 3) railways.
Index of Prohibited Books(INDICE DEI LIBRI PROIBITI)Vol. VI, p. 1059 INDEX OF PROHIBITED BOOKS. — The expression “prohibited books” designates books whose reading is forbidden to the faithful by positive ecclesiastical law,…
Index OleorumVol. VI, p. 1044 INDEX OLEORUM. - It is a list or notula containing the names of the Roman martyrs from whom a certain Giovanni, in the time of s. Gregorio Magno (590–604),…
IndiaVol. VI, p. 1044 INDIA. - This name refers both to the historical region of southern Asia corresponding to the triangular peninsula, situated between the Arabian Sea and the…
Indianapolis, Archdiocese of(INDIANAPOLIS, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 1056 INDIANAPOLIS, ARCHDIOCESE of. — City and archdiocese in the State of Indiana in the United States of America. It comprises the counties of Bartholomew, Brown,…
Indianapolis, Archdiocese of(INDIANAPOLIS, ABCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. VI, p. 1059 INDIANAPOLIS, ARCHDIOCESE of—Abbey of S. Meinrado (20th century). of anonymous works. Pius IV, then, accepting a petition from the Council of Trent, had the…
