B
2,066 articles · English index · Indice italiano-
Bouquin, Charles
Dominican theologian and apologist, b. at Tarascon on the Rhône in 1622, d. at Buix in the Dauphiné on 14 February 1698. A religious, he was professor of… -
Bourassé, Jean-Jacques
Archaeologist and historian of Touraine, b. at Sainte-Maure (Indre-et-Loire) on 22 Dec. 1813 and d. at Tours on 4 Oct. 1872. Ordained a priest, he taught… -
Bourbon-Anjou-Spain, Alfonso Carlo Ferdinando Giuseppe Giovanni Pio (BORBONE - ANJOU - SPAGNA, ALFONSO CARLO FERDINANDO GIUSEPPE GIOVANNI PIO)
Infante of Spain, duke of S. Giacomo, knight of the Order of St. Hubert, b. in London on 12 Sept. 1849 to Prince John (1822-87) and to Archduchess Maria… -
Bourbon-Anjou-Two Sicilies, Alfonso Maria Giuseppe Alberto (BORBONE - ANJOU - DUE SICILIE, ALFONSO MARIA GIUSEPPE ALBERTO)
Count of Caserta, born at Caserta on 28 March 1841 to King Ferdinand II and Maria Theresa of Austria, died at Cannes on 26 May 1934. An artillery officer in… -
Bourbon, Carlo di (BORBONE, CARLO DI)
B. around 1433 to Charles I, Duke of Bourbon, d. at Lyon on 13 Sept. 1488. At the age of eleven he was appointed in 1444 archbishop of Lyon by the canons of… -
Bourdaloue, Louis
Jesuit, orator, b. at Bourges on 20 Aug. 1632, d. at Paris on 13 May 1704. After some years of teaching philosophy and moral theology he devoted himself to… -
Bourdeilles, Hélie
Franciscan, cardinal, b. in the castle of Bourdeilles (Périgueux) between 1410-15, d. in the castle of Artennes (Tours) on 5 July 1484. Elected bishop of… -
Bourdichon, Jean
Painter and miniaturist (b. ca. 1457, d. 1521), he was the head of the "school of Tours" at the close of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th… -
Bourdoise, Adrien
French priest, b. at Brou in 1584, d. at Paris in 1665, apostle and reformer of the clergy, for whom he established in Paris in 1611 the "community," which… -
Bourg-en-Bresse, Diocese of (BOURG-EN-BRESSE, DIOCESI DI)
Capital of the department of the Ain on the left bank of the river Reyssouze; it was erected in 1515 at the request of Francis I, but the bull was revoked the… -
Bourgeoisie (BORGHESIA)
According to a broadly generic meaning, the term b. designates the intermediate class between the class that holds wealth, culture and political power for… -
Bourgeoys, Marguerite, Venerable (BOURGEOYS, MARGUERITE, VENERABILE)
Foundress of the Congregation of Notre-Dame (v.), b. at Troyes on 17 April 1620, d. at Montreal on 12 Jan. 1700. Of modest social condition, she felt herself… -
Bourges, Archdiocese of (BOURGES, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
City in central France, capital of the department of Cher; the archdiocese also extends into the department of Indre. Under the name Avaricum it was the… -
Bourget, Paul
French poet, novelist and critic, born in Amiens on 2 September 1852, died in Paris on 25 December 1935. A member of the Académie Française from 1894. A… -
Bourgoing, François
French Oratorian, disciple of Bérulle (v.) and his second successor, b. in Paris on 18 March 1585, d. there on 22 Oct. 1662. In 1611 he renounced the curacy of… -
Bourignon de La Porte, Antoinette
Visionary, b. 13 Jan. 1616 at Lille (France), d. 30 Oct. 1680. Of a restless, eccentric, fanciful temperament, she imagined from her youth that she had visions… -
Bourne, Francis
Cardinal, b. 23 March 1861 at Clapham, a suburb of London, d. 1 January 1935 in London. He studied theology at the college of St. Sulpice in Paris and at the… -
Bourret, Ernest
French historian and apologist, b. at Lubro (Ardèche) in 1827, d. at Rodez on 10 July 1896. He studied theology in Paris, but because of the revolution of 1848… -
Bourse (BORSA)
I. The place where securities or goods are traded or may be traded; hence two kinds of b.: b. of securities, where credit instruments are bought and sold… -
Bousset, Wilhelm
Orientalist, b. Sept. 2, 1865 in Lübeck, to a Protestant pastor of Huguenot origin, d. in Giessen on March 8, 1916. He studied at Erlangen, Giessen and… -
Boutault, Michel
French Jesuit, b. in Paris on 1 Nov. 1608, entered the Order in 1625, d. at Pontoise on 12 May 1689, after a life spent in teaching and preaching. He published… -
Bouthillier de Rancé, Armand-Jean Le (BOUTHILLER DE RANCÉ, ARMAND-JEAN LE)
Cistercian, founder of the Trappists. Born in Paris of a noble family on 9 January 1626, died at La Trappe (county of Perche) on 27 October 1700. At the age of… -
Boutroux, Étienne-Émile-Marie (BOUTROUX, ETIENNE-EMILE-MARIE)
French philosopher, b. at Montrouge (Seine) on 28 July 1845 and d. at Paris on 23 Nov. 1921. After completing his studies, part of which he carried out in… -
Bouts, Dirk (Thierry)
Dutch painter, b. in Haarlem between 1400 and 1420, d. in 1475 in Louvain. The following works are documented: the Last Supper (in the church of St. Peter in… -
Bouvet, Joachim
Missionary, b. near Le Mans on 18 July 1656, entered the Jesuits in 1678, was one of the first six Jesuit mathematicians whom Louis XIV sent to China in 1685.… -
Bouvier, Jean-Baptiste
Bishop of Le Mans, theologian, b. at St-Charles-la-Forêt (Mayenne) on 16 Jan. 1783 to a poor family, d. in Rome on 28 Dec. 1854. He studied at the seminary of… -
Bouvier, Pierre
French Jesuit, b. at Chantenay (Brittany) in 1848, d. at Paris in 1925. A preacher esteemed for his profound learning, he was the first to denounce to Rome in… -
Bova
B. is a small town in the Aspromonte facing Cape Spartivento. Together with S. Lorenzo, Africo, Roccaforte, Condofuri and Roghudi, it forms a small ethnic… -
Bovara, Giovanni
Priest and educationist, b. at Malgrate (Como) on 30 Sept. 1734 and d. at Milan on 13 Oct. 1812. A man of broad legal culture, he obtained from Maria Theresa… -
Boverio, Zaccaria da Saluzzo
Capuchin writer of the Piedmontese province, b. in 1568, d. at Genoa on 31 March 1638. A missionary against the Protestants of the Piedmontese valleys and of… -
Bovettino de' Bovettini (Boatinus Mantuanus)
Decretalist, b. in Mantua in the first half of the 12th century, d. in August 1300. He taught for 43 years at Padua. He is the author of a great commentary on… -
Bovillus (Bonelles or Bonillé), Carolus (BOVILLUS (BONELLES O BONILLÉ), CAROLUS)
Theologian, philosopher, and man of letters, b. at Saucourt (Picardy) around 1470-75, d. canon and professor of theology at Noyon in 1553. He studied under the… -
Bovino, Diocese of (BOVINO, DIOCESI DI)
A small town in the province of Foggia, on the spur between the Cervaro valley and the Biletra valley. The long, narrow gorge that takes the name Vallo di B.… -
Bovio, Giovanni
Thinker and politician, b. at Trani in 1837, d. at Naples on 15 April 1903. In his time he was one of the most prominent and admired figures of Italian… -
Bovio, Giovanni Antonio
Carmelite theologian, b. at Bellinzago in the Novara region, d. 12 Aug. 1622 at Molfetta. A doctor of theology, regent of studies at Milan, Naples and Rome… -
Boxers, Society of (BOXERS, SÈTTA DEI)
To the very numerous secret sects of China there was added after 1898 the so-called "Society of Good and Sincere Friends," in Chinese "I huo t'oen," which… -
Boycott (BOICOTTAGGIO)
A boycott consists in the agreement that several persons make to break off economic relations with a third person, as well as in the action they exert upon… -
Boyer, Pierre-Denis
Theologian and preacher, b. at Sévérac-l'Eglise (Auvergne) on 29 Oct. 1766 and d. at Paris on 24 Apr. 1842. A cousin of Msgr. Frayssinous, he shared with him… -
Boyle, Robert
Famous 17th-century English scientist, b. at Lismore (Munster) in Ireland on 25 January 1627, d. in London on 10, or, according to others, 20 December 1691. He… -
Boylesve, Marin de
French Jesuit writer, b. at La Coltrie (near Angers) on 28 Nov. 1813, d. at Le Mans on 22 Feb. 1892. Having entered religious life in 1831, he taught letters… -
Boym, Michał (BOYM, MICHAL)
Missionary and sinologist, b. in 1614 (?) at Lwów (Leopoli) in Poland, d. on 22 Aug. 1659 in China in Kwangsi. Having entered the Society of Jesus at Kraków in… -
Boys' Town (Village, Republic, Community) of the (RAGAZZI, CITTÀ (VILLAGGIO, REPUBBLICA, COMUNITÀ) DEI)
An institution of education or re-education for the moral and professional formation of children, orphans or vagrants, victims of abandonment by their own… -
Boyvin, Jean-Gabriel
Theologian of the Recollect Friars Minor, born at Vire in Normandy in the first half of the 17th century, died before 1681. He spent his life in teaching and… -
Bozio, Tommaso
Born in Gubbio in 1548, he took his degree in law at Perugia. He then entered the Congregation of the Oratory of Rome, where he distinguished himself by his… -
Braccesco, Carlo
Lombard painter, named "magister Carolus de Mediolano" in a document of 14 Nov. 1481. His first work, signed Carolus Mediolanensis, is a polyptych in the… -
Braccialetto (Armilium, Armilla, Brachiale, Manica)
From prehistoric times down to the present, the bracelet has constituted a decoration for the arm of both men and women. It is almost always of metal, worked… -
Bracciantato (Agricolo)
A bracciante is the peasant laborer, without particular specialization, who finds temporary employment on the agricultural holding under a short-term… -
Braccio da Montone
Condottiere, son of O. Fortebracci, founder of a school of military art, b. perhaps at Montone (Perugia) on 1 July 1368, d. at L'Aquila on 5 June 1424. His… -
Bracciolini, Francesco
Poet, b. at Pistoia on 26 Nov. 1566; he studied law at his father's wish, but soon felt drawn to poetry and gave such proof of his ability that, barely twenty… -
Bracciolini, Poggio (Poggio Fiorentino)
Born at Terranova Valdarno, near Arezzo, ca. 1380. Not rich in family property, he had a difficult time in his early studies. In Florence, at the school of… -
Bracci, Pietro
Sculptor and architect, b. in Rome on 16 July 1700, d. there on 13 Febr. 1773. He was perhaps a pupil of C. Rusconi, and carried on his activity mainly in… -
Bracco, Roberto
Playwright and short-story writer, b. in Naples in 1862, d. at Sorrento on 20 April 1943. Having entered journalism at a very young age, he became one of the… -
Bracket (MENSOLA)
In architecture, a load-bearing element consisting of a block of stone or wood (from the Latin mensula = small tablet) that projects in part from the wall in… -
Bradley, Francis Herbert
English philosopher, b. at Glasbury (Wales) on 30 Jan. 1846 and d. at Oxford on 18 Sept. 1924. He is the last representative of that idealism which Coleridge… -
Bradwardine (Bragwardin, Bredwardin, Bradvardinus), Thomas (BRADWARDINE (BRAGWARDIN, BREDWARDIN, BRADVARDINUS), TOMMASO)
English theologian, philosopher, scientist and mathematician, b. in the diocese of Chichester ca. 1290, d. at Lambeth (London) on 26 Aug. 1349. He accompanied… -
Bragadino, Marcantonio
Born in 1523 into a well-known Venetian patrician family. He is found in Cyprus in 1570 as a military captain, when war between Venice and the Turks was… -
Braga, Diocese of (BRAGA, DIOCESI DI)
In the north of Portugal, capital of a department in the province of Minho. Conquered by the Romans and called Bracara Augusta, it formed a conventus of… -
Bragança, Diocese of (BRAGANÇA, DIOCESI DI)
Nel Brasile, Stato di S. Paolo. La diocesi fu eretta il 24 luglio 1925 con la bolla Ad Sacram Petri sedem con 10 parrocchie dell'arcidiocesi di S. Paolo e 2… -
Braganza (Bragança), Diocese of (BRAGANZA (BRAGANÇA), DIOCESI DI)
Ancient city of Portugal, in the province of Trás-os-Montes, at 685 m. of altitude on a hill that dominates a smiling plain. In the ancient nucleus of the… -
Brahma (BRAHMĀ)
The faith in B., the masculine personification of Brahman (v.), after having been alive in India throughout the entire epic age (4th century B.C.-4th century… -
Brahman
The word occurs in the Veda, with different gender and accent, in two different meanings. Brahman, neuter, is first the "prayer," endowed with magical power… -
Brāhmaṇa
This adjective, derived from Brahman (v.), means "concerning worship or the priesthood," but when used substantively it takes on a different meaning according… -
Brahmanism (BRAHMANESIMO)
B. derives from brahman, as Christianity derives from Christ, but while a Christian is one who professes the religion of Christ, a brahman is one who is in… -
Brāhma Samāj
The name means "congregation of Brahman," that is, "of God." From the attempt to reconcile Christianity with Hinduism, this B. S. was born, founded by Ram… -
Brahms, Johannes
Musician, b. in Hamburg on 7 May 1833, d. in Vienna on 3 Apr. 1897. Of his many compositions of a religious character (Ave Maria for choir and orchestra… -
Braille, Louis
Born at Coupvray (Seine-et-Marne) on 4 Jan. 1809 and died in Paris on 6 Jan. 1852. Blind, he devoted himself to the education of his companions in misfortune… -
Brain (CERVELLO)
The encephalon (from Gr. ἐγκέφαλος) constitutes the most important center of the entire nervous system and is located in the cavity of the skull, while the… -
Bramante, Donato
Architect and painter, b. at Monte Asdrualdo (now Fermignano) near Urbino in 1444, d. at Rome on 11 April 1514. Biographical documents are scanty, and the very… -
Bramantino (Suandi, Bartolomeo) (BRAMANTINO (BARTOLOMEO SUANDI))
Milanese painter and architect. The year of his birth is not known; from the documents it appears that in 1503 he is called to a consultation for the fabric of… -
Brambilla, Francesco the Elder (BRAMBILLA, FRANCESCO IL VECCHIO)
Sculptor, died in Milan in 1570, author of statues and reliefs in the Cathedral of that city, among which should be remembered the marble panels for the organ… -
Brambilla, Francesco the Younger (BRAMBILLA, FRANCESCO IL GIOVANE)
Sculptor, active in the second half of the 16th century, d. in Milan in 1599. He worked for the building of the Cathedral, supplying, among other things, as… -
Brammart, Johannes
Carmelite theologian, b. at Aachen in the 14th century and d. at Cologne on 8 Sept. 1407. He taught at Paris and at Cologne, and from 1384 to 1404 he was… -
Brancacci, Nicola
Cardinal, b. in Naples to a patrician family, d. in Florence on 29 June 1412. After taking a degree in law, he became a canon of the cathedral of Naples.… -
Brancaccio (Brancatio), Cesare
Apostolic nuncio, b. in Naples in 1515 or 1516. After taking part in the Neapolitan revolution against the Spaniards, he took refuge in France, from where he… -
Brancaccio, Stefano
Cardinal, b. in Naples in 1618, d. in Viterbo on 8 Sept. 1682, he was the nephew of Cardinal Francesco Maria B. After obtaining a degree in law, he was… -
Brancati di Lauria
Of the Conventual Friars Minor, in the world Gian Francesco, in religion Lorenzo, b. at Lauria in Lucania on 10 Aug. 1612, d. at Rome on 30 Nov. 1693. He… -
Brancati, Francesco
Missionary in China, b. in Palermo in 1607, received into the Society of Jesus in 1623. Having arrived in China in 1637, he carried out almost all of his… -
Branchereau, Louis
French priest, b. at S. Pierre di Montlimart (Vendée) on 21 Dec. 1819, d. at Issy on 23 Dec. 1913. He entered St. Sulpice in 1841, taught philosophy at the… -
Branda da Castiglione
Cardinal, b. at Castiglione Olona in 1350, d. there on 3 February 1443. He was already known as a canonist when he was sent to Rome by Gian Galeazzo Visconti… -
Brandea
With this term the early Christians designated those linen cloths or veils which, having been applied directly to the body or the tomb of the saints, were… -
Brandes, Georg
Danish writer of Jewish origin, b. in Copenhagen on 4 February 1842 and d. there on 17 February 1927, author of works of aesthetic, historical and… -
Brandi, Giacinto
Painter, b. at Poli in 1623, d. in Rome in 1691. He was a pupil of Lanfranco, in whose workshop he remained until around 1650, and from him he inherited… -
Brandileone, Francesco
Legal historian, b. at Buonabitacolo (Salerno) on 25 January 1858; d. at Naples on 10 April 1929. He taught the History of Italian law at the universities of… -
Brandi, Salvatore Maria
Jesuit, writer, b. in Naples on 2 May 1852, d. there on 5 Sept. 1915. After completing his studies in theology at Woodstock, in the United States, he was… -
Brandl, Petr
Painter, b. in 1688 in Prague, d. in 1739 in Kutná Hora. Through the study of the Italian Caravaggisti and naturalists, completed by that of the works of… -
Brandolini, Aurelio
Humanist and Augustinian theologian, b. in Florence in the second quarter of the 15th century, d. in Rome in 1497. Although he was almost blind from birth, he… -
Brandts, Franz
Sociologist and industrialist, b. at München-Gladbach on 12 Nov. 1834, d. there on 5 Oct. 1914. He has the merit of having promoted the textile industry in the… -
Brant, Sebastian
German satirical poet and humanist, b. in Strasbourg in 1457 and d. there in 1521. After studying at the University of Basel, he remained there as a teacher of… -
Bra, Sanctuary of the Madonna of the Flowers of (BRA, SANTUARIO DELLA MADONNA DEI FIORI DI)
It owes its name to the characteristic fact of the annual flowering, in the depths of winter, of certain wild blackthorn bushes ("prunus spinosa"), which are… -
Braschi, Family (BRASCHI, FAMIGLIA)
Leaving aside the supposed origins attributed to it, one may think that it derives from northern Italy, whence came to Romagna a captain FRANCESCO, whose son… -
Brasseur de Bourbourg, Charles-Étienne (BRASSEUR DE BOURBOURG, CHARLES-ETIENNE)
Missionary, historian and ethnographer, b. at BOURBOURG on 8 September 1814, d. at Nice on 1 January 1874. He studied theology at Ghent and in Rome, where he… -
Brassicanus, Johann Alexander
Catholic humanist, b. in 1500 and d. in Vienna in 1539. His family was from Constance and was called Köll (cabbage, a name he Latinized as B.). A humanist very… -
Bratislava (Pressburg, Pozsony)
Capital of Slovakia, on the Danube, on the slopes of the Carpathians. It was a Roman camp; then in the 9th century a castle of Great Moravia, and later part of… -
Braulio of Saragossa, Saint (BRAULIO DI SARAGOZZA, SANTO)
Bishop of Saragossa, b. ca. 590, d. 651. From a distinguished Hispano-Roman family, he was educated at Saragossa in the monastery of St. Engratia; around 620… -
Braun, Johann Karl
Priest, supporter of popular education and social uplift in Alsace, b. at Gebweiler on 20 July 1820, d. at Einsiedeln (Switzerland) on 24 June 1877. B. is… -
Braun, Joseph
German art historian and archaeologist, b. at Wipperfürth in the Rhineland on 31 Jan. 1857, d. at Pullach on 11 July 1947. A Jesuit from 4 Oct. 1890, he taught… -
Braun, Karl
German Jesuit and astronomer, b. at Neustadt (Hesse) on 27 April 1831, d. at Radegund (Styria) on 1 June 1907. He was a pupil of the German College in Rome and… -
Braun, Matyas Bernard
Sculptor, b. in 1684 at Ötz in the Tyrol, d. 15 February 1738 at Prague. He trained and carried out his activity exclusively in Bohemia, to whose artistic… -
Braun, Placidus
Benedictine historian, b. at Peiting on 2 Jan. 1756, d. at Augsburg (Bavaria) on 23 Oct. 1829. He entered the Order in 1775 and in 1785 became librarian and… -
Braunsberger, Otto
German Jesuit, b. at Füssen (Bavaria) in 1850, d. at Roermond on 26 March 1926; he was ordained a priest in 1874; he entered the Society in 1878. He published… -
Brauronia (BRAURONIE (ΒΡΑΥΡΌΝΙΑ))
Festivals in honor of Artemis, celebrated at Brauron on the eastern coast of Attica and particularly intended for women. The priestesses of the goddess were… -
Bravi, Giuseppe Maria
A Silvestrine, Apostolic Vicar of Colombo (Ceylon), born at Monte Santo, diocese of Fermo, on 16 December 1813. Sent by Gregory XVI in 1845 together with his… -
Brazil (BRASILE)
The Estados Unidos do Brasil, a federal republic of 20 states, 5 territories and 1 federal district, covers by itself a little less than half of the whole of… -
Brazza
BRAZZA: V. LESINA. -
Brazzaville, Apostolic Vicariate of (BRAZZAVILLE, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)
The city of B., capital of French Equatorial Africa, on the right bank of the Congo, at the point where the river widens to form Stanley Pool, has 25,000… -
Breaking of Bread (Ἐλᾶσις τοῦ δρῦσου) (FRACTIO PANIS (ἘΛΑ͂ΣΙΣ ΤΟΥ͂ ΔΡΥ͂ΣΟΥ))
It is the act of breaking bread to indicate a meal in (de Hieronymi Fracastori... carmina, Padua 239) FRACASTORO, GEROLAMO. - Portrait - Vatican Library, copy… -
Breasted, James Henry
Egyptologist, b. 27 Aug. 1865 in Rochford (U.S.A.), d. 2 Dec. 1935. From 1905 to 1925 he was professor of Egyptology and Egyptian archaeology at Chicago; there… -
Brébeuf, Giovanni de, Saint (BRÉBEUF, GIOVANNI DE, SANTO)
BRÉBEUF, GIOVANNI de, santo: v. CANADESI, MARTIRI santi. -
Brébeuf, Jean de (GIOVANNI DE BREBEUF)
GIOVANNI de BREBEUF: v. CANADO-AMERICANI, MARTIRI. -
Breda, Diocese of (BREDA, DIOCESI DI)
In Holland, suffragan of Utrecht. It occupies the western part of the civil province of North Brabant and the southern part of the civil province of Zeeland.… -
Bredenbach, Matthias
German humanist and Catholic polemicist, b. at Kierspe (Duchy of Berg) in 1499, d. at Emmerich on 5 June 1559. After completing his studies at the University… -
Bregno, Andrea
Sculptor and architect, b. at Righeggia near Ozeno in 1418, d. in Rome in Sept. 1503: in 1506 a funeral monument was erected to him in the cloister of S. Maria… -
Bregno, Antonio
Called A. da Como. Sculptor, b. at Righeggia (Como), active with his brother Paolo in the 15th century in Venice, where their only securely attributed work is… -
Bréhal, Jean
Dominican, inquisitor general of France, b. in Normandy at the beginning of the 15th century. He was already inquisitor general when, in 1452, Card. G.… -
Breislak, Scipione
Scolopio geologist, b. in Rome on 16 Aug. 1750, d. in Milan on 15 Feb. 1826. He taught physics and mathematics in various houses of the Piarist Schools, and… -
Breme, Abbey of San Pietro di (BREME, ABBAZIA DI SAN PIETRO DI)
Founded in 929 in the town of the same name (Bremetum, Bremitum or Bremidum) in the Lomellina (today the diocese of Vigevano) by Marquis Adalbert, father of… -
Bremen-Hamburg, Ancient Diocese of (BREMA-AMBURGO, ANTICA DIOCESI DI)
In the year 780 Charlemagne entrusted to the Anglo-Saxon missionary Willehad the region between the Elbe, the city of Norden and the banks of the lower Weser.… -
Bremond, Henri
Writer, b. at Aix-en-Provence on 31 July 1865, d. at Arthez d'Asson on 17 Aug. 1933. Having entered the Society of Jesus (1882) and completed his studies in… -
Brendan (Brandan), Saint (BRENDANO (BRANDANO), SANTO)
He belongs to the group of the great Irish monks of the 6th century. Patron saint of the Ciarraige, an ancient people scattered over the western part of… -
Brenet, Michel
Pseudonym of Marie Bobillier, b. at Lunéville in 1858, d. at Paris in 1918. A scholar of music history, she wrote: Histoire de la Symphonie... jusqu'à… -
Breno, Carlo Francesco
BRENO, CARLO FRANCESCO: v. CARLO FRANCESCO da BRENO. -
Brentano, Franz
Philosopher, b. at Marienberg near Boppard on the Rhine on 16 January 1838 into a Catholic family of Italian origin, d. at Zurich in Switzerland on 17 March… -
Brentano, Giuseppe
Architect, b. in Milan in 1862 and d. there in 1889, a pupil of Camillo Boito. His principal work is the design for the facade of Milan Cathedral, which won… -
Brentano, Klemens Maria
German writer, b. at Ehrenbreitstein on 8 September 1778, and d. at Aschaffenburg on 28 July 1842. He is one of the principal representatives of the so-called… -
Brentano, Ludwig Joseph
German sociologist and economist b. at Aschaffenburg on 18 Dec. 1844, d. at Munich on 9 Sept. 1931. He is one of the principal exponents of the historical… -
Brenti, Rosa Teresa
Foundress of the Institute of the Most Holy Sacrament of Fognano (Ravenna), b. at Tredozio (Forlì) on 23 Feb. 1790, d. at Fognano on 7 Dec. 1872. A Dominican… -
Brentwood, Diocese of (BRENTWOOD, DIOCESI DI)
In England, county of Essex (northeast of London), erected on 22 March 1917 as a suffragan of Westminster. The church of the Sacred Heart and St. Helen, built… -
Bresadola, Giacomo
Priest, mycologist, b. at Ortisei (Trento) on 14 Feb. 1847, d. at Trento on 9 June 1927. A priest in 1870, chaplain in various places, parish priest at Magnas… -
Brescello
An ancient city of Transpadane Gaul, mentioned by Suetonius, Tacitus, Ptolemy, Plutarch and Pliny, now a small agricultural village in the province of Reggio… -
Brescia, Diocese of (BRESCIA, DIOCESI DI)
A city of the Cenomani, later a Roman colony (Brixia), it has notable monuments and inscriptions from the first centuries. After declining through the… -
Bresciani (Borsa), Antonio
Jesuit, writer, b. at Ala in the Trentino on 24 July 1798, d. at Rome on 14 March 1862. Of a noble family, he studied with the abbot Monterossi. Ordained a… -
Breslau [Wrocław] (Vratislavia), Archdiocese of (BRESLAVIA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
Now in Poland. Capital of Silesia and metropolitan see. I. FORMATION (1000-1335). - The diocese of B. was founded around the year 1000, simultaneously with… -
Bressani, Francesco Giuseppe
Missionary in Canada and confessor of the faith. Born in Rome on 16 May 1612, he entered the Society of Jesus in 1626. After completing his studies in Rome and… -
Bressanone, Diocese of (BRESSANONE, DIOCESI DI)
In Alto Adige, in the province of Bolzano. The city, at 560 m., lies in a sunny basin where the Rienza joins the Isarco. In the second half of the 6th century… -
Brest-Litovsk (BREST-LITOWSK)
BREST-LITOWSK: v. UNIONE DEGLI ORIENTALI. -
Bretenières, Simon-Marie-Antoine-Just-Ranfer de
One of the last martyrs of Korea. Born at Chalons-sur-Saône on 28 February 1838, he entered the Foreign Missions of Paris in 1861, and, having been ordained a… -
Brethren of Plymouth (FRATELLI DI PLYMOUTH)
FRATELLI DI PLYMOUTH: V. DABBITI. -
Brethren of the Free Spirit (FRATELLI DEL LIBERO SPIRITO)
FRATELLI DEL LIBERO SPIRITO: v. LIBERO SPIRITO. -
Bretonvilliers, Alexandre Le Ragois de
French Sulpician, b. in Paris in 1621 and d. there in 1676, a disciple of the venerable Olier, whom he succeeded in the parish of St. Sulpice (1653) and in the… -
Bretschneider, Karl Gottlieb
German Protestant theologian and critic, b. at Gersdorf (Saxony) on 11 Feb. 1776, d. at Gotha on 22 Jan. 1848. Author of numerous works, in the theological… -
Breu, Jörg, the Elder (BREU, JÖRG, IL VECCHIO)
Painter, woodcut artist and designer of stained glass, b. in Augsburg in c. 1475, d. there in 1537. Active (after a study trip to Austria), from 1502 in… -
Brévedent, Charles-François de
French missionary, b. at Genneville (Calvados) in 1659, entered the Society of Jesus in 1674, set out in 1692 for the mission of Syria. He worked first in… -
Breviarium Alaricianum
BREVIARIUM ALARICIANUM: v. ALARICO II. -
Breviarium (Breviarius)
They mean compendium (like breviculum and breviculus) and already in the classical age they are often used as the title of books (Augustus had a B. imperii… -
Breviary (BREVIARIO)
It is the liturgical book that contains the divine office (v.) according to the rite of the Roman Church. The term b. (brief note, compendium), already used in… -
Brevicoxa
It is the Latinized name of Jean Courtecuisse. A theologian, statesman and orator of the University of Paris at the time of the Western Schism, he was born at… -
Brevilineo
Adjective in use in the language of the Italian constitutionalist school that traces back to A. De Giovanni, G. Viola, N. Pende, to designate the human… -
Brezina, Otokar
Pseudonym of Václav Jebarý. Czech poet, b. near Tábor in 1868, d. at Jaroměřice in 1929. He wrote: « The Mysterious Distances » (Tajemné dálky), « Dawn in the… -
Briand, Aristide
French politician, b. 28 March 1862 in Nantes, d. 7 March 1932 in Paris. After having carried on journalistic activity for several years, collaborating with… -
Briant, Alexander, Blessed (BRIANT, ALEXANDER, BEATO)
English martyr, b. in 1551 or 1553 in Somersetshire. Converted while studying at Oxford, he entered the English college of Douai (then at Reims), was ordained… -
Briard (Briaert), Jean
Theologian and philosopher, called Athensis, b. at Beloeil (Ath) in Belgium in the second half of the 15th century and d. on 8 Jan. 1520. He studied at the… -
Brick Seal (BOLLO LATERIZIO)
A stamp that the Romans impressed on ceramic manufactures, especially plates, vases, tiles and bricks. It proves very useful for determining the age of objects… -
Briconnet, Guillaume (BRIÇONNET, GUILLAUME)
Known under the name of Cardinal of St-Malo, born at Mours on an uncertain date and died at Narbonne on 14 Dec. 1514. He was intendant general of finance of… -
Bridel, Bedřich (BRIDEL, BEDRICH)
Bohemian Jesuit, b. in 1619, d. at Kutná Hora in 1680. He translated various ascetic works into Bohemian, but is especially remembered in our days for his… -
Bridget of Jesus (BRIGIDA DI GESÙ)
In the world Morello, foundress of the Ursulines of Piacenza, b. at Pagana, near Rapallo, on 17 June 1610, d. on 3 Sept. 1679. Married to Matteo Zingani, she… -
Bridget of Kildare, Saint (BRIGIDA DI KILDARE, SANTA)
Virgin, patroness and protectress of Ireland, second only to St. Patrick in the veneration of her people. Reliable historical data about her are lacking, but… -
Bridget, Saint (BRIGIDA, SANTA)
Foundress of the Brigittine Order of St. Saviour. I. LIFE. - She was born, it seems, in the year 1303 at the castle of Finsta in Uppland (Sweden) and died in… -
Brief (BREVE)
A name given in the Middle Ages to various types of documents, still used today to indicate a special form of pontifical document. The most common meaning in… -
Brienne, Étienne-Charles Loménie de (BRIENNE, ETIENNE-CHARLES LOMÉNIE DE)
Cardinal, b. in Paris on 9 Oct. 1727, d. 18 Feb. 1794. A characteristic figure of an 18th-century prelate, destined by his family for the ecclesiastical state… -
Brienza, Serafino
A Dominican of the Neapolitan convent of S. Domenico Maggiore, master in theology, one of the greatest and most renowned spiritual directors of the 18th… -
Briet, Philippe
French Jesuit, b. at Abbeville in 1601, d. at Paris in 1668. Having entered the Society in 1619, he taught rhetoric for many years, chiefly at Paris. He… -
Briggs, Charles Augustus
Orientalist and theologian, b. in New York on 15 Jan. 1841, d. there in Jan. 1913. Until 1893 he belonged to the Presbyterian Church, then to the Episcopal.… -
Brigham
BRIGHAM: v. MORMONI. -
Brignole Sale, Antonio
Marquis of Groppoli. Diplomat and politician, b. 22 May 1786 in Genoa, and d. there 14 Oct. 1863. After the annexation of the Ligurian Republic to France, he… -
Brignole Sale Negrone College (COLLEGIO BRIGNOLE SALE NEGRONE)
It was founded in 1852 by the Marquis Antonio Brignole Sale together with his consort Artemisia Negrone, for the purpose of educating in sacred studies certain… -
Brigot, Pierre
B. at Sully (France) on 1 Sept. 1713, d. at Pondicherry 1 Nov. 1791. In 1743 he was sent to Siam; he worked at Mergui, and from 1742 to 1750 he was pro-vicar… -
Brill
Family of painters from Antwerp; to it belong the brothers Matthew (b. 1550, d. in Rome 1583) and Paul (b. 1554, d. in Rome 1626), who carried on their… -
Brill, Jakob
Dutch false mystic, b. at Leiden on 21 Jan. 1639, d. there on 28 Jan. 1700. He adhered to various Protestant mystical currents, such as that of G. Voetius and… -
Brindisi, Archdiocese of (BRINDISI, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
B., a city of Apulia, is situated at the bottom of a deep inlet, which presents two branches inland: the intervening spur is occupied by the built-up area; the… -
Brinkmann, Johannes Bernhard
Bishop, b. 4 Feb. 1813 at Everswinkel near Münster, d. 13 Apr. 1889 at Münster. Ordained priest in 1839, he carried out pastoral ministry at Beckum and in the… -
Brioschi, Pietro Adamo
Missionary of the Pontifical Institute for Foreign Missions of Milan, archbishop of Cartagena (Colombia). Born at Tradate (Milan) on 7 April 1860, died in… -
Briosco, Andrea
BRIOSCO, ANDREA: v. RICCIO, ANDREA. -
Briosco, Benedetto
Lombard architect and sculptor of the 15th century, a pupil of Amadeo, he worked especially in Milan; of his activity in that cathedral only a statue… -
Brisbane, Archdiocese of (BRISBANE, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
The circumscription, erected as a diocese suffragan to Sydney (Australia) on 12 April 1859, was elevated on 10 May 1887 to the rank of metropolitan. In 1929… -
Brisselot, Jean
Carmelite from Flanders, born at Valenciennes, where he took the religious habit; having obtained a doctorate in theology in Paris (1502), he was then a… -
Brisson, Louis-Alexandre
French priest, b. at Plancy (Aube) in 1817, d. there on 2 February 1908. Under the impulse of the Visitandine Mother Marie de Sales Chappuis (d. 1875), he… -
Bristow, Richard
English theologian, b. at Worcester in 1538, d. at Harrow-on-the-Hill on 18 Oct. 1581. He studied at Oxford, where he shone for his intellect, especially on… -
Britain, Evangelization of (BRITANNIA, EVANGELIZZAZIONE DELLA)
The southern part (south of the 55th parallel) of present-day England and Scotland began to be called B. when the Britons settled there. I. THE BRITONS. - They… -
British Museum
In London, next to the "Victoria and Albert Museum," which contains a large collection of early Christian objects, Coptic textiles (catalogue by Kendwick)… -
British West Indies (INDIE OCCIDENTALI BRITANNICHE)
The name West Indies designates the archipelagos of Central America known as the Greater and Lesser Antilles. This name dates back to the time of Christopher… -
Brito, Bernardo de
Portuguese Cistercian monk, in the world Balthazar de Brito de Andrade, who lived between 1561 and 1617; he was a poet, historian and scholar. His principal… -
Brittain, Thomas Lewis
English Dominican preacher and writer, b. near Chester in 1744 and d. at Hartbury C. (Gloucester) on 3 May 1827. Converted from Protestantism at the age of 16… -
Brittany (BRETAGNA)
Historical region of France, corresponding to the peninsula of the same name (250 km long, at most 170 wide), which breaks away from the continental mass… -
Britto, Ignácio de (BRITTO, IGNACIO DE)
Indo-Portuguese Barnabite, missionary, b. in Rangoon (Burma) in 1765. Guided to the faith by Fr. Sangermano (v.), he entered the Barnabites. He worked in the… -
Britto, João de, Saint (BRITTO, JOÃO DE, SANTO)
BRITTO, JOÃO de, santo: v. GIOVANNI DE BRITTO, saint. -
Brittone, Saint (BRITTONE, SANTO)
Bishop of Trier from 373 to 386; in 374 he took part in the Council of Valence. He took part in the Roman Council of 382 as primate, in fact if not by right… -
Brixen
BRIXEN: v. BRESSANONE. -
Brizio (Briccio, Briccius, Brisius), Saint (BRIZIO (BRICCIO, BRICCIUS, BRICCIUS, BRISIUS), SANTO)
Bishop of Tours from 397 to 444. A disciple of St. Martin, he at first responded little to the Saint's care, but afterward he merited being called to succeed… -
Brjančaninov, Ignatij
Russian ascetic and mystic, b. in 1807, d. in 1867. Of an aristocratic family, he was first a military engineer, afterwards became a monk and became abbot in a… -
Brno (Brünn), Diocese of (BRNO (BRŮNN), DIOCESI DI)
Capital of Moravia (Czechoslovakia), area 10,370 sq. km., pop. 1,259,613, of whom 1,113,189 are Catholics; it comprises 449 parishes with 1044 churches, 786… -
Brocade (BROCCATO)
BROCADE : v. STOFFE. -
Brocadelli, Lucia, Blessed (BROCADELLI, LUCIA, BEATA)
BROCADELLI, LUCIA, beata: v. LUCIA DA NAR- NI, blessed. -
Broca, Paul-Pierre
French surgeon, naturalist and anthropologist, b. at Ste-Foy-la-Grande on 28 June 1824, d. in Paris on 9 July 1880. He founded the Société d'Anthropologie in… -
Brocardi Giuridici
It is held by some that the expression brocardia derives from a corruption of the word burcardus, a term by which the Decretum of Burchard of Worms, otherwise… -
Brocarts (Brocardus), Nikolaus
Carmelite theologian, b. at Sittard on 21 Aug. 1687, d. at Worms on 29 Sept. 1760. He taught philosophy and theology in the schools of his Order and in the… -
Brockhmand, Jesper Rasmussen
Leader of the school of Lutheran theology in Denmark, from 1620 he was a professor at Copenhagen and from 1638 bishop of Seeland. His boldest theological… -
Broda (Bred), Andreas
Theologian. The place and date of his birth are unknown; he died in Leipzig in 1427. He completed his studies at the University of Prague, where he took his… -
Broederlam, Melchior
Flemish-Burgundian painter, b. at Ypres; documents concerning him date from 1381 to 1409. He was one of the principal artists at the court of the dukes of… -
Broët, Paschase (BROËT, PASCASE)
One of the nine first companions of St. Ignatius of Loyola, b. at Bertrancourt near Amiens in France, in 1500, d. of plague in Paris on 14 Sept. 1562. Already… -
Broggio, Giulio e Ottaviano
Architects. GIULIO, b. in Milan, moved very early to Bohemia, of which he became (1673) a citizen, d. at Litoměřice in 1718. At Litoměřice he built the…