C

2,381 articles · 603 under Co · English index · Indice italiano

Co-Redemptrix (CORREDENTRICE) Vol. IV, p. 376
CORREDENTRICE. – This is the technical term used by theologians to express the cooperation of Most Holy Mary in the work of the redemption of the human race.…
Coadjutor (COADIUTORE) Vol. III, p. 1106
COADIUTOR. – C. is the holder of a coadjutorship, that is, the cleric whose duty it is to assist or replace a beneficiary in carrying out the functions…
Cobelluzio (Cobelluzzi), Scipione Vol. III, p. 1107
COBELLUZIO (COBELLUZZI), SCIPIONE. - Cardinal, b. at Viterbo in 1365, d. at Rome on 29 June 1627. After studying at the Nardini College in Rome and obtaining a…
Cocainism (COCAINISMO) Vol. III, p. 1107
COCAINISM. — An irresistible tendency to take cocaine for pleasure, by injection or, more often, snorted in powder form through the nose; among the most…
Cocceius (Lat. Da Koch), Iohannes Vol. III, p. 1108
COCCEIUS (Latin from KOCH), IOHANNES. — Protestant theological exegete, born in Bremen on 9 August 1603, died in Leiden on 4 November 1669. He began his…
Cocchi, Angelo Vol. III, p. 1108
COCCHI, ANGELO. - Dominican, b. at Firenze in 1597, d. at Fogan on 18 Nov. 1633. In 1622 he was sent to Manila, where he devoted himself to the study of the…
Cocchia, Antonio Vol. III, p. 1108
COCCHIA, ANTONIO: v. ROCCO da CESINALE.
Coccino (Cochin), Diocese of (COCCINO (COCHIN), DIOCESI DI) Vol. III, p. 1108
COCCINO (COCHIN), DIOCESE of. — City of eastern India on the Malabar coast and seat of a suffragan diocese of the patriarchal see of Goa. Its territory…
Cocconier, Thomas (COCONNIER, THOMAS) Vol. III, p. 1111
COCONNIER, THOMAS. – Dominican philosopher and theologian, born at Grazay near Mayenne in France on 26 August 1846, died at Toulouse on 8 March 1908. He was a…
Cochabamba, Diocese of (COCHABAMBA, DIOCESI DI) Vol. III, p. 1109
COCHABAMBA, DIOCESI di. - In the Republic of Bolivia, erected by Pius IX on 23 June 1847. It has a population of 642,000 inhabitants, of whom 635,000 are…
Cochelet, Anastase Vol. III, p. 1109
COCHELET, ANASTASE. - Carmelite theologian, b. in 1551 at Mézières (Champagne), d. at Reims in 1624. He was a religious at the convent of Reims, doctor of…
Cochem, Martino da Vol. III, p. 1109
COCHEM, MARTINO da: v. MARTINO da COCHEM.
Cochin, Diocese of (COCHIN, DIOCESI DI) Vol. III, p. 1109
COCHIN, DIOCESI di: v. COCCINO, DIOCESI di:
Cochin, Pierre-Suzanne-Augustin Vol. III, p. 1109
COCHIN, PIERRE-SUZANNE-AUGUSTIN. - French Catholic writer, born in Paris on 2 Dec. 1823, died at Versailles on 13 March 1872. A scholar of economic and social…
Cochinchina (COCINCINA) Vol. III, p. 1109
COCINCINA: v. INDOCINA FRANCESE.
Cocle, Celestino Vol. III, p. 1109
COCLE, CELESTINO. — Archbishop, born at S. Giovanni Rotondo (Foggia) on 23 November 1783 and died in Naples on 2 March 1857, he was the fifth superior general…
Cocleo (Dobenek), Giovanni (COCLEO (DOBENECK), GIOVANNI) Vol. III, p. 1110
COCLEO (DOBENECK), GIOVANNI. — Eminent Catholic polemicist, born in 1479, died at Breslau on 11 January 1552. He was called C. after the town of Wendelstein…
Cocolla Vol. III, p. 1110
COCOLLA. - It is a specifically monastic garment and consists of a large robe with wide sleeves, to which a hood is added, attached at the neck or loose, to be…
Cocos Vol. III, p. 1111
COCOS: v. STABILIMENTI DELLO STRETTO.
Cocquelines, Charles Vol. III, p. 1111
COCQUELINES, CHARLES. – Tireless editor of the Roman Bullary, who lived in the 18th century and died in 1758. In 1739, in Rome, he began publishing a Bullarum,…
Coda, Benedetto Vol. III, p. 1111
CODA, BENEDETTO. - Painter, born in Venice, or Ferrara, or Treviso, died after 1530. From September 1495 he was in Rimini. Vasari considers him a pupil of…
Code of Canon Law of the Eastern Rite (CODICE DEL DIRITTO CANONICO ORIENTALE) Vol. III, p. 1123
CODICE DEL DIRITTO CANONICO ORIENTALE. — As with the codification of Latin canon law, so too proposals were advanced for the compilation of a C. of o. c. l. at…
Code of the Alliance (ALLEANZA, CODICE DELLA) Vol. I, p. 544
ALLEANZA, CODICE della: v. ESODO.
Codex (CODICE) Vol. III, p. 1119
CODICE. - An ancient term indicating a collection of writing material—papyrus, parchment, wax tablet—assembled in quires. Seneca (De brevit. vitae, XVIII, 4)…
Codex Fuldensis (FULDENSE, CODICE) Vol. V, p. 1079
FULDENSE, CODICE: v. VOLGATA.
Codex Gregorianus Vol. III, p. 1111
CODEX GREGORIANUS. – This was the title given to a collection of Roman imperial constitutions compiled in the age of Diocletian, as is shown by the attribution…
Codex Hermogenianus Vol. III, p. 1112
CODEX HERMOGENIANUS. – This is a private collection of imperial constitutions compiled, as most scholars believe, between A.D. 314 and 323, since some…
Codex Iuris Canonici Vol. III, p. 1112
CODEX IURIS CANONICI. – This is the name given to the code promulgated in 1917 containing the universal law of the Latin Church. CONTENTS: I. The need for…
Codex Theodosianus Vol. III, p. 1116
CODEX THEODOSIANUS. – This is the title of the great official collection of Roman imperial constitutions, commissioned by the Emperor Theodosius II and…
Codicil (CODICILLO) Vol. III, p. 1123
CODICILLO: v. TESTAMENTO.
Codronchi, Antonio Vol. III, p. 1123
CODRONCHI, ANTONIO. - Bishop, b. at Imola on 8 Aug. 1748, d. at Ravenna on 16 Jan. 1826. Pius VI sent him to Turin in 1777 as internuncio, and on 14 Feb. 1785…
Codronchi, Giovanni Battista Vol. III, p. 1123
CODRONCHI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA. - Italian physician, b. at Imola in 1547, d. in 1628. He studied at the University of Bologna and practised in his native city,…
Coducci, Mauro detto Moro (Moretto) Vol. III, p. 1124
CODUCCI, MAURO called MORO (MORETTO). - Architect, born at Lenna in the Val Brembana around 1440, died in 1504. He first appears active in Venice in 1468, in…
Coeducation (COEDUCAZIONE) Vol. III, p. 1124
Coeducation: see COLLEGIAL EDUCATION; MIXED EDUCATION. (photo Alinari) CODUCCI, MAURO - Façade of the church of S. Zaccaria (1477), continued on the base built…
Coeffeteau, Nicolas Vol. III, p. 1124
COEFFETEAU, NICOLAS. - Dominican archbishop and polemicist, b. at Château-du-Loir in 1574, d. at Paris on 21 April 1623. He took the habit at Le Mans (1588),…
Coelde (Kolde), Theodoric (Dederich, Dietrich, Dietrich and Dirk) (COELDE (KOLDE), THEODORICH (DEDERICH, DIETRICH, DIETRICH E DIRK)) Vol. III, p. 1124
COELDE (KOLDE), THEODORICH (Dederich, Dietrich, Dietrich e Dirk). - Preacher, ascetical writer, and author of hymns, b. c. 1435 at Münster, d. at Louvain on 11…
Coelho, Antonio Vol. III, p. 1124
COELHO, ANTONIO. – Liturgist, b. at Braga on 24 May 1892, d. at Singeverga on 20 Dec. 1938. A Benedictine monk, he spent several years studying at the abbeys…
Coello, Claudio Vol. III, p. 1124
COELLO, CLAUDIO. – Spanish painter and architect, b. in Madrid, baptized on 2 March 1642, d. there on 20 April 1693. A pupil in his native city of Francesco…
Coenobium Vol. III, p. 1125
COENOBIUM. – International journal of free studies, founded in 1907 in Lugano but printed in Italy, under the direction of G. Renzi. It gathered around itself…
Coercion (COSTRIZIONE) Vol. IV, p. 462
COSTRIZIONE : v. VIOLENZA.
Coercion and Coercibility (COAZIONE E COERCIBILITÀ) Vol. III, p. 1107
COERCION AND COERCIBILITY. — The generic and ordinary concept of coercion is the opposite of spontaneity, and denotes that which is contrary to the subject’s…
Coexistence (COABITAZIONE) Vol. III, p. 1105
COABITAZIONE. — From the earliest centuries, the Church prohibited the cohabitation of ecclesiastics with women, unless they were close relatives or otherwise…
Coghetti, Francesco Vol. III, p. 1125
COGHETTI, FRANCESCO. — Painter, born in Bergamo on 20 July 1802, died in Rome on 21 April 1875. After studying under Diotti, he followed Camuccini in Rome and…
Cogitativa Vol. III, p. 1126
COGITATIVA. — In Thomistic psychology, c. is that one among the internal senses which collaborates most directly with the intellect; its object is indicated in…
Cognation (COGNAZIONE) Vol. III, p. 1126
COGNAZIONE. – In Roman law, this term denoted, in contrast to agnation (v.), the bond existing between persons descended from the same ancestor, especially…
Cohausz, Otto (COHAUSS, OTTO) Vol. III, p. 1128
COHAUSS, OTTO. – German Jesuit, apologetic and ascetical writer, born at Nordwalde (Westphalia) on 8 September 1872, died at Danzig on 3 June 1938. He had…
Cohen, Hermann Vol. III, p. 1128
COHEN, HERMANN. - German philosopher, born at Goswig on 4 July 1842, died in Berlin on 4 April 1918. From 1879 to 1912 he taught at the University of Marburg,…
Cohort (COORTE) Vol. IV, p. 295
COHORT. – Group of soldiers (about 600), forming one tenth of a Roman legion. In the New Testament the term (σπείρα, cohors) is not always used in a strictly…
Coimbatore (Coimbatur), Diocese of (COIMBATORE (COIMBATUR), DIOCESI DI) Vol. III, p. 1128
COIMBATORE (COIMBATUR), DIOCESE of. – On 16 March 1845, the provicariate of C. was detached from the apostolic vicariate of the Coromandel Coast; it was…
Coimbra, Diocese of (COIMBRA, DIOCESI DI) Vol. III, p. 1128
Coimbra, Diocese of. — In Portugal, it extends over 5,300 sq. km. and has 571,256 inhabitants, of whom 547,428 are Catholics; it comprises 254 parishes, served…
Coimbra, Leonardo Vol. III, p. 1129
COIMBRA, LEONARDO. – Portuguese philosopher and politician, born in the district of Felgueiras on 30 December 1883, died in an automobile accident in the Serra…
Coindre, André Vol. III, p. 1129
COINDRE, ANDRÉ. – Priest, born in Lyon on 26 February 1787, died there on 30 May 1826. At the seminary of Argentières he distinguished himself for intelligence…
Cola dell'Amatrice Vol. III, p. 1130
COLA dell'AMATRICE. – Nicola Filotesio, called dell’Amatrice after his place of birth, an Abruzzese painter and architect. He lived most of his life in Ascoli…
Cola di Rienzo Vol. III, p. 1131
COLA di RIENZO. — Born in Rome in 1313, he died there following a revolt on 8 October 1354. He was a notary and a man of considerable classical culture,…
Colbert de Croissy, Charles-Joachim Vol. III, p. 1132
COLBERT de CROISSY, CHARLES-JOACHIM. - Bishop of Montpellier, Jansenist, b. in Paris on 11 June 1667, d. in Montpellier on 8 Apr. 1738. He studied at the…
Colbert, Jean Baptiste Vol. III, p. 1132
COLBERT, JEAN BAPTISTE: v. MERCANTILISMO.
Colecchi, Ottavio Vol. III, p. 1132
COLECCHI, OTTAVIO. – Philosopher, born at Pescocostanzo (Aquila) on 18 October 1773, died at Naples on 25 August 1847. Ordained a priest in the Dominican…
Colenso, John William Vol. III, p. 1132
COLENSO, JOHN WILLIAM. — Missionary and Anglican bishop, born in Cornwall in England on 24 January 1814, died at Natal on 20 June 1883. Having completed his…
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor Vol. III, p. 1132
COLERIDGE, SAMUEL TAYLOR. — English poet, born at Ottery St-Mary on 21 October 1772, died in London on 25 July 1834. He studied at Cambridge, attempted a…
Colet, John Vol. III, p. 1133
COLET, JOHN. - English theologian, humanist, and educator, b. in 1467 (?), d. in 1519. The desire to escape from the Middle Ages led him, before he was thirty,…
Colette (Colet or Boylet, Nicolette), Saint (COLETTA (COELLET O BOYLET, NICOLETTE), SANTA) Vol. III, p. 1133
COLETTA (COELLET o BOYLET, NICOLETTE), saint. - Foundress of the Poor Clares, called Colettines, born at Calceye, near Corbie, on 13 Jan. 1381, died at Gand on…
Coligny, Gaspard de Vol. III, p. 1133
COLIGNY, GASPARD de. - Celebrated French Huguenot general of the 16th century, born at Châtillon-sur-Loing in 1519 and died in Paris on 24 Aug. 1572. His…
Colima, Diocese of (COLIMA, DIOCESI DI) Vol. III, p. 1133
COLIMA, DIOCESI di. - In the Republic of Mexico, suffragan of Guadalajara, erected by Leo XIII on 11 Dec. 1896, by the constitution Si principum, through the…
Colin, Elie Vol. III, p. 1133
COLIN, ELIE. - French missionary and astronomer, b. at Graulhet (Tarn) on 28 Nov. 1852, d. at Tanariva on 11 Apr. 1923. In 1870 he entered the Jesuit novitiate…
Colin, Jean-Claude, Venerable (COLIN, JEAN-CLAUDE, VENERABILE) Vol. III, p. 1134
COLIN, JEAN-CLAUDE, venerable. — Founder of the Society of Mary (Marist Fathers), b. at St-Bonnet-le-Troncy (Lione) on 7 Aug. 1790, d. on 15 Nov. 1875 at…
Colini, Ludovico Vol. III, p. 1134
COLINI, LUDOVICO. - Franciscan theologian, commonly called L. da Castelplanio, born at Castelplanio (Ancona) on 31 March 1830, died at Rome on 19 Dec. 1874.…
Colivi Vol. III, p. 1134
COLIVI. - This term designates, in the Byzantine rite, a kind of sweet dish made principally of cooked wheat or rice, with the addition of raisins, pomegranate…
Collado, Diego Vol. III, p. 1134
COLLADO, DIEGO. - Dominican, born at Majadas (Spain), died in a shipwreck in 1641. Having arrived in the Philippines in 1611, in 1619 he was sent to Japan,…
Collatio Legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum Vol. III, p. 1134
COLLATIO LEGUM MOSAICARUM ET ROMANARUM. - An anonymous pamphlet which compares, in 16 titles, passages from the Old Testament, especially concerning criminal…
Collation (COLLAZIONE) Vol. III, p. 1135
COLLAZIONE. – In ecclesiastical language, especially in legal usage, this term primarily denotes the second stage in the provision of an ecclesiastical office,…
Colle Val d’Elsa, Diocese of (COLLE VAL D'ELSA, DIOCESI DI) Vol. III, p. 1146
COLLE VAL D'ELSA, DIOCESI of. — In Tuscany, province of Siena, suffragan of Florence. The origins of this diocese are to be sought in the two pieves of S.…
Collectanea Commissionis Synodalis Vol. III, p. 1135
COLLECTANEA COMMISSIONIS SYNODALIS. - Bimonthly organ of the synodal commission established by order of the first Plenary Council of China (1924) in order to…
Collectanea Franciscana Vol. III, p. 1135
COLLECTANEA FRANCISCANA. — Quarterly journal, founded at Assisi in 1931 and transferred to Rome in 1941, published under the direction of the Historical…
Collectanea Sacrae Congregationis de Propaganda Fide Vol. III, p. 1135
COLLECTANEA SACRAE CONGREGATIONIS DE PROPAGANDA FIDE. – Collection of documents concerning the missions. The series of these collections was inaugurated by the…
Collectarium (COLLETTARIO) Vol. III, p. 1145
COLLETTARIO. – Sometimes called an orationary, it derives from the sacramentary (v.) insofar as in ancient times only this book contained the prayers recited…
College of Cardinals (COLLEGIO CARDINALIZIO) Vol. III, p. 1144
COLLEGIO CARDINALIZIO: V. CARDINALI. COLLEGIO DELLE VERGINI DELLA BEATA VERGINE. — Institute founded in 1610 in Cremona by the noblewoman Lucia Perotti under…
College of the Chinese (CINESI, COLLEGIO DEI) Vol. III, p. 979
CINESI, COLLEGIO dei: v. RIPA, MATTEO.
Collegia Funeraticia Vol. III, p. 1135
COLLEGIA FUNERATICIA. – Term coined by Theodor Mommsen (De Collegii, p. 91) to designate ancient Roman “brotherhoods” or corporations established chiefly to…
Collegiate Church (COLLEGIATA) Vol. III, p. 1136
COLLEGIATA: v. CAPITOLO.
Collegio Vol. III, p. 1144
COLLEGIO: V. EDUCAZIONE COLLEGIATA, PERSONE MORALI.
Collegio di San Pietro in Montorio Vol. III, p. 1144
COLLEGE OF SAN PIETRO IN MONTORIO. — Founded by Fr. Tommaso Obicini da Novara. He had spent ten years in Palestine as a missionary and knew well the importance…
Collegium Cultorum Martyrum Vol. III, p. 1144
COLLEGIUM CULTORUM MARTYRUM. — Founded on 6 January 1879 by Mariano Armellini (v.), Adolfo Hytrek, Orazio Marucchi (v.), and Enrico Stevenson (v.), all…
Collenbusch, Samuel Vol. III, p. 1145
COLLENBUSCH, SAMUEL. – Protestant Pietist and mystic, born on 1 September 1724 at Wichlinghausen (near Barmen in the Rhenish Prussia), physician in Duisburg…
Colletta Vol. III, p. 1145
COLLETTA. - It denotes: 1) the place of assembly which in the ancient Roman Ordines is regularly indicated on the individual days of Lent (e.g., Collecta ad S.…
Colletta in the New Testament (COLLETTA NEL NUOVO TESTAMENTO) Vol. III, p. 1145
COLLECTION in the NEW TESTAMENT. - During its first decades of life, the Church of Jerusalem lived in poverty and in constant need of financial assistance. The…
Colletta, Pietro Vol. III, p. 1145
COLLETTA, PIETRO. - Historian, born in Napoli on 23 Jan. 1775, died at Verramista, in the Capponi villa, on 11 Nov. 1831. He took part as a military man in…
Collevacino, Pietro Vol. III, p. 1146
COLLEVACINO, PIETRO. – Born in Benevento; he was a subdeacon and notary of Pope Innocent III, and a cardinal from 1205. Commissioned by Innocent III to collect…
Colli Marchini, Michelangelo Alessandro Vol. III, p. 1157
COLLI MARCHINI, MICHELANGELO ALESSANDRO. — Baron, general, b. in Alessandria or Vigevano in 1756, d. in Piedmont in 1809. He was sent by Pius VI to defend his…
Colli, Bonifacio de' Vol. III, p. 1154
COLLI, BONIFACIO de'. - Co-founder of the Theatines, he died a holy death in Venice on 28 Aug. 1558. Of the noble C. family of Alessandria, having taken a…
Collier, Arthur Vol. III, p. 1154
COLLIER, ARTHUR. — English philosopher and presbyter of the Anglican Church, born in 1680, died in 1732. A contemporary of Berkeley, with whom he agrees in the…
Collins, Anthony Vol. III, p. 1157
COLLINS, ANTHONY. – English Deist, b. in Heston on 21 June 1676, d. in London on 31 Dec. 1729. A friend and disciple of Locke, he defended “free thought.”…
Collio, Francesco Vol. III, p. 1157
COLLIO, FRANCESCO. - Italian theologian, b. at Brusimpiano, parish of Arcisate, in the second half of the sixteenth century; d. at Milan in 1640. Having become…
Colliridiani Vol. III, p. 1157
COLLIRIDIANS. — Under this name St. Epiphanius condemned certain women who had introduced from Thrace into Arabia the practice of particular rites in honor of…
Collodi, Carlo Vol. III, p. 1157
COLLODI, CARLO. - Pseudonym of Carlo Lorenzini, born in Florence on Nov. 24, 1826, died there on Oct. [sic] 26 (from M. Parenti, Rarità bibliografiche…
Colloids (COLLOIDI) Vol. III, p. 1158
COLLOIDS. – The colloidal state of matter is of particular interest both because it is the condition of many industrial products of the greatest practical…
Collucianisti Vol. III, p. 1160
COLLUCIANISTI: v. LUCIANO d'ANTIOCHIA, santo, martire.
Colluthus (COLLUTO) Vol. III, p. 1160
COLLUTO. – An Alexandrian schismatic priest who, during the episcopate of Alessandro (312–28), arrogated to himself the power to ordain priests and deacons,…
Colmar, Joseph Ludwig Vol. III, p. 1160
COLMAR, JOSEPH LUDWIG. — Bishop of Mainz, born in Strasbourg on 22 June 1760, died in Mainz on 15 December 1818. Ordained a priest on 20 December 1783, he was…
Colobium (Κολόβος) Vol. III, p. 1160
COLOBIUM (κολόβος). - It is a long, tight tunic without sleeves. It is worn by the Saviour on the cross, as, for example, in the now almost destroyed painting…
Colocci, Angelo Vol. III, p. 1160
COLOCCI, ANGELO. — Humanist, born in Iesi in 1467, died in Rome on 1 May 1549. There he studied, devoting himself especially to the ancient lyric poetry of…
Colocza (Hung. Kalocsa), Archdiocese of (COLOCZA (UNGH. KALOCSA), ARCIDIOCESI DI) Vol. III, p. 1161
COLOCZA (Hung. KALOCSA), ARCHDIOCESE of. — A city of Hungary, in the Pest comitat, seat of the Kalocsa-Bacs archdiocese. The city was founded by St. Stephen in…
Cologne, Archdiocese of (COLONIA, ARCIDIOCESI DI) Vol. III, p. 1170
COLONIA, ARCHDIOCESE of. — The archdiocese of C., together with its suffragans of Limburgo, Treviri, Aquisgrana, Münster, and Osnabrück, forms the…
Coloma, Luis Vol. III, p. 1161
COLOMA, LUIS. – Celebrated Spanish Jesuit and novelist, born in Jérez de la Frontera on 9 January 1851. He tried various careers before entering the novitiate…
Colomba Vol. III, p. 1161
COLOMBA. – Among the birds most frequently found in purely decorative compositions, the dove, both in literature and in early Christian art, forms part of a…
Colombano (Colum, Colman, Columba, Palumba), Saint (COLOMBANO (COLUM, COLMAN, COLUMBA, PALUMBA), SANTO) Vol. III, p. 1162
COLOMBANO (COLUM, COLMAN, COLUMBA, PALUMBA), saint. — Abbot of Luxeuil and Bobbio, born in Ireland in the province of Leinster around 540, died at Bobbio on 23…
Colombe, Michel Vol. III, p. 1163
COLOMBE, MICHEL. - Sculptor, born in Brittany around 1430–40, died before 1519. From 1491 he settled in Tours, where in 1500 he received the commission to…
Colombi, Bonaventura Vol. III, p. 1163
COLOMBI, BONAVENTURA. – Theologian and distinguished preacher of the Order of the Conventuals, born in Nice around the beginning of the seventeenth century,…
Colombia Vol. III, p. 1164
COLOMBIA. – State of South America; the only one on the continent that borders both the Pacific and the Caribbean Sea. I. GEOGRAPHY. - It is a very large…
Colombina Vol. III, p. 1167
COLOMBINA. — By this name is known the feast of the “explosion of the cart,” which takes place in Florence every year on Holy Saturday, at the moment when the…
Colombini, Giovanni, Blessed (COLOMBINI, GIOVANNI, BEATO) Vol. III, p. 1167
COLOMBINI, GIOVANNI, blessed. — Sienese, born in 1304; a wealthy merchant and influential citizen, married to Biagia Cerretani (1342); invited by her to read…
Colombière, Claude, Blessed (COLOMBIÈRE, CLAUDE, BEATO) Vol. III, p. 1167
COLOMBIÈRE, CLAUDE, Blessed: v. LA COLOMBIÈRE, CLAUDE, Blessed.
Colombo in Ceylon, Archdiocese of (COLOMBO IN CEYLON, ARCIDIOCESI DI) Vol. III, p. 1170
COLOMBO IN CEYLON, ARCIDIOCESI of. — The evangelization of the island of Ceylon was begun by the Franciscans in 1517. Ecclesiastically, the island depended on…
Colombo, Cristoforo Vol. III, p. 1168
P. Miscattelli (Florence 1923) and Fantozzi (Lanciano 1925). For the life, v.: G. Pardi, On the Life and Writings of G. C. da Siena, in Bull. sen. di st.…
Colombo, Cristoforo Vol. III, p. 1168
COLOMBO, CRISTOFORO. — The great navigator, born in Genoa, as is unanimously attested by archival documents, by statements of C. himself or of his relatives,…
Colombo, Sisto Vol. III, p. 1170
COLOMBO, SISTO. - Salesian priest, scholar of ancient Christian literature, b. in Milano in 1878, d. in Torino in 1938. He was lecturer in Latin literature at…
Colonial Law (COLONIALE, DIRITTO) Vol. IV, p. 27
COLONIAL, LAW. — The moral and juridical aspect of the colonial question began to attract the attention of Catholic theorists as early as the sixteenth…
Colonization (COLONIZZAZIONE) Vol. IV, p. 29
COLONIZATION. — The history of modern c. begins with the discovery of the lands beyond the ocean, in search of which the Portuguese and Spanish explorers set…
Colonna Vol. IV, p. 33
COLONNA. – It is a supporting element of circular section, generally made of marble or stone, with a base and capital, connected with other similar elements by…
Colonna, Family (COLONNA, FAMIGLIA) Vol. IV, p. 33
COLONNA, FAMIGLIA. — The first C. whom history records is that PERTUS DE COLONNA who, under Paschal II (1099–1118), had occupied Cave, territory of the Holy…
Colonna, Francesco Vol. IV, p. 37
COLONNA, FRANCESCO. - Dominican and writer, born at Treviso c. 1432 or 1433, died c. 1527. On the basis of an acrostic, Poliam frater Franciscus Colonna…
Colonna, Giovanni Paolo Vol. IV, p. 37
COLONNA, GIOVANNI PAOLO. – Son of an organ builder, born on 16 June 1637 in Bologna, where he died on 28 November 1695. He first studied in his native city…
Colonna, Vittoria Vol. IV, p. 35
COLONNA, VITTORIA — Autograph letter, probably addressed to Cardinal Etcole Gonzaga (ca. 1536) — Parma, Biblioteca Palatina. fici (ibid., p. 222). Only when,…
Color (COLORE) Vol. IV, p. 37
COLORE. – The term c. denotes both the sensation produced by matter permeated by a light that determines a “quality” in it, and the light itself that defines…
Coloredo, Hermits of (COLLOREDO, EREMITI DI) Vol. III, p. 1159
COLLOREDO, EREMITI di: v. BERNARDO da ROGLIANO.
Coloredo, Leandro Di (COLLOREDO, LEANDRO DI) Vol. III, p. 1160
COLLOREDO, LEANDRO di. - Cardinal, b. of a noble family at Colloredo di Montalbano in Friuli in 1639. Leaving his family early in order to devote himself to…
Colosse (Κολόσσι, Κολοσί, Lat. Colosse) (COLOSSE (ΚΟΛΌΣΟΣΙ, ΚΟΛΌΣΙ, LAT. COLOSSE)) Vol. IV, p. 38
COLOSSE (Κολόσοσι, Κολόσι, lat. Colosse). — City of Greater Phrygia, on the left bank of the Lycus, 25 km from Laodicea. Built against the austere and…
Colossians, Epistle to the (COLOSSESI, EPISTOLA AI) Vol. IV, p. 38
COLOSSESI, EPISTOLA ai. – One of the “captivity letters,” addressed by St. Paolo to the faithful of Colosse (v.). SUMMARY: I. The content. – II. The errors…
Colucci, Giuseppe Vol. IV, p. 42
COLUCCI, GIUSEPPE. – Archaeologist and historian of the Marches, born at Penna S. Giovanni (Archdiocese of Fermo) on 19 March 1752, died at Fermo on 16 March…
Columba (Colum), Saint (COLOMBA (COLUMBA), SANTO) Vol. III, p. 1162
COLOMBA (Columba), saint. — Of Jona, a great Irish saint of the sixth century, placed by the island’s ancient hagiography in a triad with St. Patrick and St.…
Columbus, Diocese of (COLUMBUS, DIOCESI DI) Vol. IV, p. 45
COLUMBUS, DIOCESE of. - Capital of the State of Ohio in the United States and seat of a suffragan diocese of Cincinnati, comprising the south-eastern part of…
Colymbion (Κολύμβιον) Vol. IV, p. 45
COLYMBION (Κολύμβιον). — It is a basin or vessel in which holy water was blessed and kept (holy-water font), first in the atrium, then at the entrance of the…
Coma Vol. IV, p. 45
COMA. - A profound sleep-like state (from κοιμάω = I sleep) with muscular relaxation, abolition of sensibility, and loss of consciousness, while the conditions…
Comacchio, Diocese of (COMACCHIO, DIOCESI DI) Vol. IV, p. 45
COMACCHIO, DIOCESI di. — Episcopal see of Emilia, in the province of Ferrara, suffragan of Ravenna. Its origin has often been traced back to the sixth century,…
Comacini, Masters (COMACINI, MAESTRI) Vol. IV, p. 46
COMACINI, MAESTRI. – Builders originating from the ancient diocese of Como. The expression « Magister Comacinus cum colligantes[sic] suis » and « cum…
Comana Vol. IV, p. 46
COMANA. – Armenian city of Asia Minor, in the province of Pontus. In paganism it was renowned as a city governed theocratically by the goddess Enyo-Ma; its…
Comayagua, Diocese of (COMAYAGUA, DIOCESI DI) Vol. IV, p. 47
COMAYAGUA, DIOCESI di: v. TEGUCIGALPA, DIOCESI di.
Comba, Emilio Vol. IV, p. 47
COMBA, EMILIO. — Waldensian pastor and historian, b. at S. Germano Chisone (Pinerolo) on 31 Aug. 1839, d. at Guttanen (Switzerland) on 3 Sept. 1904. After…
Comboni, Daniele Vol. IV, p. 48
COMBONI, DANIELE. — Bishop and missionary in Africa, born in Limone sul Garda (15 March 1831), he was educated for the priesthood by Nicola Mazza, apostle of…
Comenius (Komenšky), Jan Amos (COMENIUS (KOMENSKY), GIOVANNI AMOS) Vol. IV, p. 49
COMENIUS (KOMENSKY), GIOVANNI AMOS. – Czech educationalist, born in Niunice, Moravia, on 28 March 1592, died in Amsterdam on 15 November 1670. LIFE. – The…
Comensoli, Gertrude Vol. IV, p. 50
COMENSOLI, GERTRUDE. — Born at Biceno on 10 January 1847, died at Bergamo on 18 February 1903. Of a poor family, she worked for 13 years as a domestic servant,…
Comes (*Liber Comitis*, *Liber Comicus*) (COMES (*LIBER COMITIS, LIBER COMICUS*)) Vol. IV, p. 50
COMES (liber comitis, liber comicus). — The C. was originally meant simply to be a book for private spiritual reading, containing a collection of texts from…
Comestoro, Pietro (COMESTORE, PIETRO) Vol. IV, p. 51
COMESTORE, PIETRO : v. PIETRO COMESTORE.
Comet (COMETA) Vol. IV, p. 51
COMETA. — The typical form of a c. (from the Greek κομήτης) consists of a head or coma, surrounding a brighter nucleus, and a tail extending in the direction…
Comgall, Saint (COMGAL, SANTO) Vol. IV, p. 51
COMGAL, saint. – Irish monk of the sixth century, of the Dal Araide, born in 517; around 557 he founded the famous monastery of Bangor on Belfast Loch, where…
Comillas, Claudio López y Bru, Marquis of (COMILLAS, CLAUDIO LOPEZ Y BRÚ, MARCHESE DI) Vol. IV, p. 52
COMILLAS, CLAUDIO LOPEZ Y BRÚ, marquis of. - B. 14 May 1853 in Barcelona, d. 18 Apr. 1925 in Madrid. The death of his elder brother directed him toward a life…
Comillas, Pontifical Seminary and University of (COMILLAS, SEMINARIO E UNIVERSITÀ PONTIFICIA DI) Vol. IV, p. 52
COMILLAS, PONTIFICAL SEMINARY AND UNIVERSITY of. — Centre of ecclesiastical culture in Spain, in the province of Santander, founded in their town of origin, at…
Cominform Vol. IV, p. 52
COMINFORM: v. KOMINFORM.
Cominform (KOMINFORM) Vol. VII, p. 455
KOMINFORM. - The dissolution of the Komintern (May 1943) led to a new policy for the communist parties: in the international field, a policy of close…
Comino (Comin), Giuseppe Vol. IV, p. 52
COMINO (COMIN), GIUSEPPE. — Venetian bookseller and printer of the eighteenth century, born in Cittadella, died in Padua around 1762. From its foundation…
Comintern Vol. IV, p. 52
COMINTERN: v. INTERNAZIONALE.
Comintern (KOMINTERN) Vol. VII, p. 457
KOMINTERN : v. INTERNAZIONALE.
Comita Vol. IV, p. 52
COMITA: v. COSMA da CARBONIANO.
Comma Ioanneum (COMMA GIOVANNEO) Vol. IV, p. 52
COMMA GIOVANNEO. – A celebrated verse inserted in the First Epistle of St. John concerning the three heavenly witnesses who attest to the divinity of Jesus…
Commemoration (COMMEMORAZIONE) Vol. IV, p. 53
COMMEMORATION. – When, because of the occurrence of a feast of a higher rite, the Office and Mass of one or more saints, or of a feria, vigil, or octave,…
Commendation (COMMENDA) Vol. IV, p. 53
COMMENDA. — From the letters of Gregory the Great it appears that, at times, for the needs of the Church, the pope entrusted to a bishop the government of a…
Commendatore di Santo Spirito Vol. IV, p. 54
COMMENDATORE DI SANTO SPIRITO. — It is the title of a prelature instituted by Leone X on Dec. 15, 1515, for the preceptor of S. Spirito, who thus lost his ca-…
Commendone, Giovanni Francesco Vol. IV, p. 55
COMMENDONE, GIOVANNI FRANCESCO. – Cardinal and nuncio, born in Venice on 17 March 1524 and died in Padua on 25 December 1584. Thanks to his sound humanistic…
Commentarium Ordinis Fratrum Minorum Sancti Francisci Conventualium Vol. IV, p. 55
COMMENTARIUM ORDINIS FRATRUM MINORUM SANCTI FRANCISCI CONVENTUALIUM. – Official organ of the Conventual Friars, published in Rome under the title Notitiae ex…
Commentarium Pro Religiosis Vol. IV, p. 55
COMMENTARIUM PRO RELIGIOSIS. – Bimonthly journal published in Rome by the missionaries, the Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Claretians). It first…
Commer, Ernst Vol. IV, p. 55
COMMER, ERNST. - Neo-Thomist philosopher and theologian, b. in Berlin on 18 Feb. 1847, d. in Graz on 24 Apr. 1928. He taught philosophy at Ratisbon and…
Commerce (COMMERCIO) Vol. IV, p. 56
COMMERCE. - By c. is meant the human activity directed toward the exchange of consumer goods and factors of production. The economic basis of individual…
Commissioner (COMMISSARIO) Vol. IV, p. 58
COMMISSARIO. – This name designates one of the senior officials of the S. Congregation of the S. Uffizio, who, assisted by two aides (“first” and “second…
Commodian (COMMODIANO) Vol. IV, p. 60
COMMODIANO. — Of this Christian poet, neither the place where he was born nor the age in which he lived is known with certainty. From the epithet Gaseus, which…
Commodilla, Cemetery of (COMMODILLA, CIMITERO DI) Vol. IV, p. 63
COMMODILLA, CIMITERO of. — Near the Via Ostiense: entrance on the present Via delle Sette Chiese. The name is found in the index of cemeteries (v.). The…
Commodo (M. Aurelius Commodus Antoninus), Roman Emperor (COMMODO (M. AURELIUS COMMODUS ANTONINUS), IMPERATORE ROMANO) Vol. IV, p. 64
COMMODUS (Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus), ROMAN EMPEROR. - Born at Lanuvium on 31 Aug 161, died at Rome on 31 Dec 192. Associated in the empire as early…
Common Good (BENE COMUNE) Vol. II, p. 711
COMMON GOOD. – The concept of the c. g. is of fundamental importance in Catholic sociology, which recognizes in it the essential and immanent end of society…
Common Life (VITA COMUNE) Vol. XII, p. 954
COMMON LIFE. — In canonical language, this has a twofold meaning. It may indicate: 1) living under the same roof with mutual relations; 2) the special manner…
Common Sense (SENSO COMUNE) Vol. XI, p. 218
SENSO COMUNE. – The expression has two principal meanings in philosophy, one psychological and the other epistemological. In psychology, s. c. is the internal…
Commonwealth (COMMONWEAL) Vol. IV, p. 64
COMMONWEAL. – Weekly journal founded on 12 November 1924 in New York by Michael Williams, an ingenious writer and essayist, born in Halifax (Canada) in 1877.…
Communal Theory (GEMEINDETHEORIE) Vol. V, p. 1177
GEMEINDETHEORIE. — Theory of the “creative collectivity” formulated by the “sociological school,” founded by E. Durkheim, heir to the positivism of A. Comte,…
Communalies (COMUNALIE) Vol. IV, p. 85
COMUNALIE. — Also called communa, consorterie, partecipare, università, vicine, these are remnants of collective ownership which, owing to natural, ethnic, and…
Commune (COMUNE) Vol. IV, p. 85
COMUNE. — In the history of Italy, as in that of the whole of the West, the c. is of great importance, that is, the autonomous government established not only…
Commune (La) of Paris (COMUNE (LA) DI PARIGI) Vol. IV, p. 87
COMMUNE (THE) of PARIS. — Revolutionary movement (18 March–27 May 1871) directed by the “Central Committee of the National Guard.” It was connected with the…
Commune, The, of Paris (COMMUNE, LA, DE PARIS) Vol. IV, p. 64
COMMUNE, LA, DE PARIS: v. COMUNE, LA, DI PARIGI.
Communication in Sacred Matters (COMUNICAZIONE NELLE COSE SACRE) Vol. IV, p. 89
COMMUNICATION IN SACRED MATTERS. — By these terms is understood the participation of Catholics in the sacred ceremonies (prayers, services, sermons, rites)…
Communication of Languages (IDIOMI, COMUNICAZIONE DEGLI) Vol. VI, p. 918
IDIOMI, COMUNICAZIONE of. — The term « i. », which according to its etymology means property and in common usage native language, philosophically indicates an…
Communication of Privileges (COMUNICAZIONE DEI PRIVILEGI) Vol. IV, p. 89
COMUNICAZIONE DEI PRIVILEGI: v. PRIVILEGI.
Communio Vol. IV, p. 65
COMMUNIO. – This is the antiphon sung by the choir in the Solemn Mass after the celebrant’s Communion; in all Masses it is simply read by the celebrant…
Communion of Saints (COMMUNE SANCTORUM) Vol. IV, p. 64
COMMUNE SANCTORUM. — This is the third of the major sections into which the Roman Missal and Breviary are divided, and it comprises a collection of liturgical…
Communion of Saints (COMUNIONE DEI SANTI) Vol. IV, p. 90
COMUNIONE DEI SANTI. – Article of the Apostles’ Creed. SUMMARY: I. Formula of the Creed. – II. Nature of the C. dei S. – III. Subject. – IV. Object. – V.…
Communion of the Tongues (COMUNICAZIONE DEGLI IDIOMI) Vol. IV, p. 89
COMUNICAZIONE DEGLI IDIOMI: v. IDIOMI.
Communism (COMUNISMO) Vol. IV, p. 104
COMMUNISM. – A term designating several doctrinal currents, not always in agreement except in their aspiration to make the enjoyment of economic goods…
Commutation (COMMUTAZIONE) Vol. IV, p. 66
COMMUTAZIONE: v. LEGATO PIO; SODDISFAZIONE; VOTO.
Commynes, Philippe de Vol. IV, p. 66
COMMYNES, PHILIPPE de. — French historian and politician, born at Hazebrouck (Flanders) around 1447, died at Argenton on 18 October 1511. He held various…
Comnenos Papadopulos Ugulos, Niccolò (COMMENOS PAPADOPULOS UGULOS, NICCOLÒ) Vol. IV, p. 66
COMMENOS PAPADOPULOS UGULOS, NICCOLÒ: v. PAPADOPULOS COMMENOS, NICCOLÒ.
Como, Diocese of (COMO, DIOCESI DI) Vol. IV, p. 66
COMO, DIOCESE OF. — In Lombardy it forms part of the province of C.; it comprises the whole of Sondrio (province: 3,123 sq km), as well as the Marchirolo and…
Compactata Vol. IV, p. 68
COMPACTATA: v. BOEMI, FRATELLI.
Compagni, Dino Vol. IV, p. 68
COMPAGNI, DINO. — Born around 1260 in Firenze, died on 26 February 1324. Enrolled in the Wool Guild, he supported the democratic ordinances, collaborating with…
Companation (COMPANAZIONE) Vol. IV, p. 75
COMPANAZIONE: v. BUCARISTIA.
Companies of Divine Love (AMORE, COMPAGNIE DEL DIVINO) Vol. I, p. 679
AMORE, COMPAGNIE DEL DIVINO: V. DIVINO AMORE, COMPAGNIE DEL. AMORE and PSICHE. - The myth of P. (the soul) found poetic expression in Books IV-VI of Apuleio’s…
Company of Charity (COMPAGNIA DELLA CARITÀ) Vol. IV, p. 69
COMPAGNIA DELLA CARITÀ. - Established in Rome on 1 Jan. 1519 by Card. Giulio de' Medici, it soon counted among its members cardinals, prelates of the Curia,…
Company of Divine Love (COMPAGNIA DEL DIVINO AMORE) Vol. IV, p. 69
COMPAGNIA DEL DIVINO AMORE. — Although the C. of D. A. were generally confraternities, they must nevertheless be distinguished, since they played an important…
Company of Jesus (COMPAGNIA DI GESÙ) Vol. IV, p. 70
COMPAGNIA DI GESÙ. – A religious order of Regular Clerics, founded by s. Ignazio di Loyola (v.) and approved by the Holy See in 1540. Its members are commonly…
Company of Saint Paul (COMPAGNIA DI SAN PAOLO) Vol. IV, p. 75
COMPAGNIA DI SAN PAOLO. – A charitable institution, also called the Compagnia della fede cattolica, founded in Turin on 25 January 1563 for the practice of…
Company of Saint Ursula (COMPAGNIA DI SANT'ORSOLA) Vol. IV, p. 75
COMPAGNIA DI SANT'ORSOLA. — Founded at Dôle in France in 1606 by the venerable Anna di Xaintonge, it had a common origin with similar companies that arose in…
Company of the Blessed Virgin Mary (COMPAGNIA DELLA BEATA VERGINE MARIA) Vol. IV, p. 69
COMPAGNIA DELLA BEATA VERGINE MARIA. – In 1664, in Manila, in the Philippine Islands, near the Jesuit residence, a house for pious women was opened, known as…
Company of the Daughters of Mary Our Lady (COMPAGNIA DELLE FIGLIE DI MARIA NOSTRA SIGNORA) Vol. IV, p. 69
COMPAGNIA DELLE FIGLIE DI MARIA NOSTRA SIGNORA. — Founded by St Giovanna di Lestonnac, baroness of Montferrand Landiras, in 1607, it was the first institute in…
Compassionists, Servants of Mary (COMPASSIONISTE, SERVE DI MARIA) Vol. IV, p. 76
COMPASSIONIST SISTERS, SERVANTS OF MARY. – Congregation founded by Sister Maria Maddalena Starace at Castellammare di Stabia in 1871. The sisters devote…
Compensation (COMPENSAZIONE) Vol. IV, p. 76
COMPENSATION. — Compensation is the extinguishment, total or partial, of two or more debts (and corresponding credits) when one person is at the same time…
Compensation and Reparation (RISARCIMENTO E RIPARAZIONE) Vol. X, p. 566
RISARCIMENTO and RIPARAZIONE. — Compensation may be defined as the provision to the injured party of a pecuniary equivalent, that is, of a sum of money…