C
2,386 articles · English index · Indice italiano-
Chlorophyllian Photosynthesis (FOTOSINTESI CLOROFILLIANA)
The suggestive process of foliar nutrition in plants has been clarified in its fundamental outlines ever since the classic experiments of De Saussure (1740-99)… -
Chobar (CHOBAR)
River of the "land of the Chaldeans," on whose bank arose the place called Tēl-ʿĀbhibh ("hill of ears of grain"), where the first deportation of Hebrews was… -
Chocarne, Bernard
Dominican, b. in 1826, d. in 1895. He was among the most deserving figures in the restoration of the Dominican order in France, founder and superior of various… -
Chocó, Apostolic Prefecture of (CHOCÒ, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)
It was erected in 1908 and entrusted to the Claretian fathers of the province of Colombia. Before that time the entire territory of the apostolic prefecture… -
Chodorlahomor (CHODORLAHOMOR)
King of Elam, who held Palestine subject for twelve years, until it rebelled against him. He then organized an expedition against it with three kings his… -
Choiseul du Plessis Praslin, Gilbert
Bishop, b. around 1613 and d. in Paris on 31 Dec. 1689. Doctor of the Sorbonne in > CHIUSI - Interior of the Cathedral (12th century, with restorations by the… -
Choiseul-Stainville, Étienne-François, de (CHOISEUL-STAINVILLE, ETIENNE-FRANÇOIS, DE)
French ambassador and statesman, b. June 28, 1719, d. in Paris on May 8, 1785. Having first taken up a career in arms, he fought valiantly in the War of the… -
Chomjakov, Alexiei Stepanovič (CHOMJAKOV, ALEXIEI STEPANOVIĆ)
B. in 1804, d. in 1860, one of the most conspicuous representatives of Slavophilism, a Russian national movement that saw the salvation, progress and… -
Chopin, Frédéric
Composer and pianist, b. at Zelazowa-Wola (Warsaw) on 22 Feb. 1810, d. in Paris on 17 Oct. 1849. In Warsaw, having completed his studies (1827), he began his… -
Chorale (CORALE)
I. CHANT. - In current usage, the true choral or liturgical chant is Gregorian chant (v. CHANT). Polyphonic chant also takes the name "choral," but not… -
Chorology (COROLOGIA)
The term c. (from χάρα, land and λάγος, discourse) designates the study of the geographical distribution of living beings: thus a zoogeography for animals and… -
Chorus (CORO)
With the term χερός the Greeks originally designated the group of dancers who sang the dithyramb around the altar of Dionysus; then the term came to indicate… -
Chouchih [Zhouzhi] (Chowchih), Apostolic Prefecture of (CHOUCHIH (CHOWCHIH), PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)
It is located in the central part of the province of Shensi (China). It was erected on June 17, > (from Handbuch der Musikwissenschaft, ed. by E. Bock, fasc.… -
Chowtsun [Zhoucun], Diocese of (CHOWTSUN, DIOCESI DI)
It is located in China in the north-central part of the civil province of Shantung. Erected, under the name of Changtien, as a sui iuris mission on 16 April… -
Chrétien (Chrestien) de Troyes
Little biographical information is available about this famous courtly poet, who lived at the court of Champagne and whose chief literary activity must have… -
Chrism (CRISMA)
From as early as the 5th century the Greeks were accustomed to mix aromatic substances with the holy oil, and the Latins, a little later, balsam (v.). Thus… -
Chrismon
In diplomatics this name designates the monogrammatic formula of invocation to the Divinity that opens the protocol of a document (v.). In the late Middle Ages… -
Chrismon (DE MONOGRAMMA CHRISTI)
A short treatise attributed to St. Jerome on the form and meaning of the monogram of Christ. The text is an addition to Jerome's revision of the work of… -
Christ (CRISTO)
Greek equivalent (χριστός "anointed," verbal adjective of χρῶ "I anoint") of the Hebrew māšīah or "messiah." Māšīah, a passive participle, like māšīah, of the… -
Christadelphians (Brothers of Christ) (CRISTADELFI (FRATELLI DI CRISTO))
A Protestant sect founded by the Englishman John Thomas. In 1884, having moved to the United States, after long studies of the Bible he became convinced that… -
Christ, Blood Poured Out for (CHRISTO PROFUSUM SANGUINEM)
Hymn of Matins in the common of martyrs, composed of four stanzas taken from the hymn of the Apostles by St. Ambrose. The first verses have undergone some… -
Christchurch, Diocese of (CHRISTCHURCH, DIOCESI DI)
By pontifical brief of 10 May 1887 it was erected with territory detached from the archdiocese of Wellington and comprises the two provinces of Canterbury and… -
Christ, Church of (CRISTO, CHIESA DI)
CRISTO, CHIESA DI: v. CHIESA DI CRISTO. -
Christen, Bernard of Andermatt (CHRISTEN, BERNARD DA ANDERMATT)
Minister General of the Capuchin Friars Minor, titular archbishop of Stauropolis, b. at Andermatt (canton of Uri, Switzerland), on 23 July 1837, d. on 11 March… -
Christe Sanctorum Decus Angelorum
Hymn of Lauds for the feast of St. Michael the Archangel, taken from that of the feast of the Angels. It is found among the works of Rabanus Maurus and truly… -
Christian (CRISTIANO)
Name of the followers of Jesus. Acts 11:26 relates: "And it came to pass for them (Paul and Barnabas)... that it was first in Antioch that the disciples… -
Christian and Neoplatonic Cynicism (CINISMO CRISTIANO E NEOPITAOORICO)
Of the existence of Christian Cynics we have testimony from Julian the Apostate (Or., VI and VII), who combats them, from St. Augustine (De civ. Dei, XIX, 19)… -
Christian Antiquities, Study of (ANTICHITÀ CRISTIANE, STUDIO DELLE)
ANTICHITÀ CRISTIANE, STUDIO delle: v. -
Christian Archaeology (ARCHEOLOGIA CRISTIANA)
Etymologically it is the science of ancient things (λόγος τῶν ἀρχαίων). SUMMARY: I. Concept. - II. Object, method, subdivisions. - III. Importance and utility.… -
Christian Archaeology, Pontifical Commission for (ARCHEOLOGIA CRISTIANA, PONTIFICIA COMMISSIONE DI)
ARCHEOLOGIA CRISTIANA, PONTIFICIA COMMISSIONE di: v. COMMISSIONI PONTIFICIE. -
Christian Archaeology, Pontifical Institute of (ARCHEOLOGIA CRISTIANA, PONTIFICIO ISTITUTO DI)
ARCHEOLOGIA CRISTIANA, PONTIFICIO ISTITUTO di: v. ISTITUTI DI STUDI SUPERIORI. -
Christian, Archbishop of Mainz (CRISTIANO, ARCIVESCOVO DI MAGONZA)
Born around 1130 into a comital family of Thuringia. Having early distinguished himself by military valor, knowledge of languages and diplomatic skill, he… -
Christian Art (ARTE CRISTIANA)
Illustrated monthly review, founded in Milan in 1913 through the work of the society "Friends of Christian Art," inspired and founded by Msgr. Celso… -
Christian Art in Missions (ARTE CRISTIANA NELLE MISSIONI)
CHRISTIAN ART IN MISSIONS: V. MISSIONI. -
Christian Associations of Italian Workers (A.C.L.I.) (ASSOCIAZIONI CRISTIANE LAVORATORI ITALIANI (A.C.L.I.))
They are groupings of workers with the aim of promoting the affirmation of Christian principles in life, in institutions, and in legislation, integrating and… -
Christian Brothers of Ireland (FRATELLI DELLE SCUOLE CRISTIANE D'IRLANDA)
Religious institute founded at Waterford in Ireland by Edmund Ignatius Rice (1768-1844), a wealthy local merchant, who in 1802, after the death of his wife… -
Christian Democracy (DEMOCRAZIA CRISTIANA)
The term C. D. was used several times during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, but only toward the end of the latter century did it give its name to a… -
Christian Doctrine, Archconfraternity of (DOTTRINA CRISTIANA, ARCICONFRATERNITA DELLA)
Erected in Rome by Paul V with the brief Ex credito nobis of 6 Oct. 1607. The impetus given by the Council of Trent to the Catholic restoration had caused to… -
Christian East (ORIENTE CRISTIANO)
Besides the individual entries, to which reference is made, an overall view is necessary to serve as a general orientation on this vast subject matter.… -
Christian Endeavour
I. HISTORY. - It is the name of a Protestant youth society that may be translated as "Christian Activity" or also "Christian Action or effort." It was founded… -
Christian Friendship (AMICIZIA CRISTIANA)
A secret Catholic society for the diffusion of good literature, founded in Turin by Father Niccolò von Diessbach (v.) between the years 1778-80. In documents… -
Christian III, King of Denmark (CRISTIANO III, RE DI DANIMARCA)
B. 12 Aug. 1503 at Gottorp, d. 1 Jan. 1559 at Kolding. Because of disagreements that arose in the Rigsraad he did not become king immediately upon the death of… -
Christian II, King of Denmark (CRISTIANO II, RE DI DANIMARCA)
Born July 1, 1481, died Jan. 25, 1559. Son of Hans, king of Denmark, and of Christina of Saxony, he was designated while still a child, in 1487, by the… -
Christian I, King of Denmark (CRISTIANO I, RE DI DANIMARCA)
B. May 21, 1426 in Copenhagen, d. there, May 21, 1481. He succeeded Christopher of Bavaria on the throne and was king of Denmark from 1448 and of Norway from… -
Christianity (CRISTIANESIMO)
The religion founded by Jesus Christ. SUMMARY: I. Time and expansion. - II. Value and characteristics. - III. Vitality in history. - IV. Doctrinal outlines. I.… -
Christian IV, King of Denmark (CRISTIANO IV, RE DI DANIMARCA)
Born on 12 April 1577 at Frederiksborg, died on 28 February 1648 in Copenhagen. Son of Frederick II and of Sophia of Mecklenburg, he ascended the throne in… -
Christian Latin (LATINO CRISTIANO)
It is the special language (group language) of Christians, formed within the framework of late Latin in the early Christian communities. With the expansion of… -
Christian Life (VITA CRISTIANA)
Bimonthly periodical directed by the Dominicans of St. Dominic of Fiesole, founded in 1929 from the split of the journal S. Caterina da Siena. Review of… -
Christian of Troyes (CRISTIANO DI TROYES)
CRISTIANO di TROYES: v. CHRÉTIEN de TROYES. -
Christian Perfection (PERFEZIONE CRISTIANA)
In its ideal content it entails the complete realization of the Christian life as opposed to its beginnings, that is, the fullness of goodness in the… -
Christians (Christian Church) (CRISTIANI (CHIESA CRISTIANA))
A Protestant sect, it is the result of three small religious movements that occurred almost simultaneously in the United States. The first took place in… -
Christian Science
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE: v. BAKER, MARY EDDY. -
Christian Science (CRISTIANA, SCIENZA)
CRISTIANA, SCIENZA: v. BAKER MARY EDDY. -
Christian Social Doctrine (DOTTRINA SOCIALE CRISTIANA)
In recent centuries, faced with ever more serious violations of Christian ethics in the economic and social field, the principles of Christian sociology were… -
Christian Spiritualism (SPIRITUALISMO CRISTIANO)
One of the main currents of contemporary Italian philosophy. It is called "s." because the concept of "spirit" (v.) is essential to it, just as it is essential… -
Christian Workers of Saint Joseph Calasanz (OPERAI CRISTIANI DI SAN GIUSEPPE CALASANZIO)
Congregazione religiosa fondata a Vienna nel 1889 dal p. Antonio Maria Schwartz ed approvata dalla S. Sede nel 1926 e 1939. Popolarmente i membri sono chiamati… -
Christina "Mirabilis", Saint (CRISTINA « MIRABILIS », SANTA)
B. at Brüstheim, near S. Trond (Belgium), ca. 1150, d. there on 23 June 1224. A young orphan girl, she was assigned by her two elder sisters to tend the beasts… -
Christina of Aquila, Blessed (CRISTINA DA AQUILA, BEATA)
Augustinian mystic, in the world Mattia di Ciccarelli, b. at Colle di Lucoli on 24 Feb. 1480, d. at L'Aquila on 18 Jan. 1543. In this city she took the habit… -
Christina of Spoleto, Blessed (CRISTINA DA SPOLETO, BEATA)
Agostina Camozzi, b. at Porlezza, at the beginning of the 15th century. Having married before she was twenty and been left a widow shortly afterwards, she gave… -
Christina of Stommeln, Saint (CRISTINA DA STOMMELN, SANTA)
Born in 1242 at Stommeln near Cologne, died there on 6 Nov. 1312. Her life up to 1286 was written by the Swedish Dominican Peter of Dacia, her confidant, with… -
Christina, Queen of Sweden (CRISTINA, REGINA DI SVEZIA)
Daughter of Gustavus Adolphus and Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, b. in Stockholm on 8 Dec. 1626, d. in Rome on 19 Apr. 1689. Introduced to politics by the… -
Christina, Saint (CRISTINA, SANTA)
Her name occurs in the Hieronymian Martyrology on July 24, with the topographical designation: "in civitate Tyro", repeated in not a few recensions of the… -
Christmas (NATALE)
Feast of the birth of the Lord, celebrated on December 25. I. THE NAME. - The typically Roman name is Natale or Natalis Domini, from which the names in the… -
Christopher, Antipope (CRISTOFORO, ANTIPAPA)
A Roman, son of Leo, priest of the title of St. Damasus, he rose up against Leo V, and having seized him, threw him into prison in order to take his place in… -
Christopher of Verucchio (CRISTOFORO DA VERUCCHIO)
Capuchin preacher and writer of the province of Bologna, formerly a Conventual Franciscan, b. at Verucchio (Forlì), d. ca. 1620. Through the effectiveness of… -
Christopher, Primicerius (CRISTOFORO, PRIMICERIO)
A very important figure in Roman history of the second half of the 8th century. Adviser to Stephen II and inspirer of the policy of Paul I, he had to flee upon… -
Christopher, Saint, Martyr (CRISTOFORO, SANTO, MARTIRE)
Venerated by the Greeks on 9 May; by the Latins on 25 July. The accounts of his life and martyrdom are uncertain and obscure. According to the Passio, C.… -
Christos Páschon
In Latin Christus Patiens, it is a bizarre cento of tragic motifs on the Passion of Jesus, once attributed to St. Gregory of Nazianzus and, after the latest… -
Christ the King, Feast of (CRISTO RE, FESTA DI)
With the encyclical Quas primas of 11 December 1925, Pius XI, at the conclusion of the Holy Year, instituted the liturgical feast of Christ the King, to be… -
Chrodegang of Metz, Saint (CRODEGANDO (CRODEGANDO) DI METZ, SANTO)
Born at the beginning of the 8th century into a noble family of Brabant. In 742 Pepin appointed him bishop of Metz, but did not allow him to leave the court… -
Chromatius, Saint (CROMAZIO, SANTO)
He belonged to the clergy of Aquileia as a priest under Bishop Valerian (369-388) and, together with Heliodorus, later bishop of Altino, was on intimate terms… -
Chromosome (CROMOSOMA)
Characteristic formations that are resolved from the nuclear substances of animal and plant cells when these enter into reproductive activity. While the… -
Chronichetta Mensuale (CRONICHETTA MENSUALE)
A singular scientific and popular periodical published in Rome from October 1, 1866 to 1895 and edited successively by three members of the Armellini family… -
Chronicle of Arbela (CRONACA DI ARBELA)
CRONACA di ARBELA: v. ARBELA. -
Chronicle of Edessa (CRONACA DI EDESSA)
CRONACA di EDESSA: v. EDESSA. -
Chronicle of Hippolytus (CRONACA D'IPPOLITO)
CRONACA d'IPPOLITO: v. IPPOLITO. -
Chronicles, Books of the (CRONACHE, LIBRI DELLE)
CRONACHE, LIBRI delle: v. PARALIPOMENON, BOOKS of. -
Chronicon Paschale
Anonymous Byzantine chronicle of the 7th century, with a predominantly chronological interest. It was commonly called paschal because of the author's… -
Chronique Sociale de France
A monthly review of study and action and the organ of the « Semaine sociale de France ». Founded in Lyon in 1893 by Victor Berne and Marius Gonin, its purpose… -
Chronogram (CRONOGRAMMA)
From the Greek χρόνος and γράμμα, an inscription in prose or verse in which all the letters corresponding to Roman numerals are intended to represent the… -
Chronography of A.D. 354 (CRONOGRAFO DELL'A. 354)
Winged Victory in the act of writing on a shield a wish of prosperity to the recipient of the codex. -
Chronology (CRONOLOGIA)
The study of historical sources (chronicles and documents) requires the historian and the diplomatist to check the date offered by the document or the… -
Chronos
He is the personification of time among the ancient Greeks. He had no importance either in mythology or in cult; he was instead exploited by Orphic cosmogony… -
Chronos (CRONO)
A Greek god, for some pre-Hellenic, or originating from Asia Minor where he would be identified with Baal, but every hypothesis about his origin and nature is… -
Chronotope (CRONOTOPO)
This word, which modern physics has taken from Gioberti, denotes the union of space and time, conceived together as a single environment in which all material… -
Chrysanthus and Daria, Saints, Martyrs (CRISANTO E DARIA, SANTI, MARTIRI)
They appear to have been killed during the 3rd century or at the beginning of the 4th. Their Passio (BHL, 1787) makes D. the wife of C., but gives no… -
Chrysippus of Jerusalem (CRISIPPO DI GERUSALEMME)
Priest of Jerusalem of the 5th century, distinguished writer and orator, b. before 409, d. in 479. A native of Cappadocia, C. went to Palestine with his two… -
Chrysostom, John, Saint (CRISOSTOMO, GIOVANNI, SANTO)
CRISOSTOMO, GIOVANNI, santo : v. GIOVANNI CRISOSTOMO, santo. -
Chrysostom of Saint-Lô (CRISOSTOMO DI SAINT-LÔ)
CRISOSTOMO di SAINT-LÔ : v. GIOVANNI CRISOSTOMO DI SAINT-LÔ. -
Chthonic Deities (CTONICHE, DIVINITÀ)
In Greek religion the epithet chthonic was given to numerous deities who, in contrast to the Olympian gods who dwell in the sky, lived in the interior of the… -
Chumatien [Zhumadian], Diocese of (CHUMATIEN, DIOCESI DI)
In China, in the central part of the civil province of Honan. It was erected as an apostolic prefecture on 2 March 1933 with 4 sub-prefectures of the mission… -
Chungking [Chongqing], Archdiocese of (CHUNGKING, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
It is located in the south-eastern part of the civil province of Szechwan (China); it originated on 2 Apr. 1856 and was called the apostolic vicariate of… -
Church (CHIESA)
"It is the community of all the faithful, united by the profession of the same faith, by participation in the same Sacraments, under the authority of the… -
Church of Christ (CHIESA DI CRISTO)
Under this name two Protestant sects are included, namely: 1) C. of C. Scientist, better known by the name of Christian Science, of which Mary Eddy Baker (v.)… -
Church of England (CHIESA D'INGHILTERRA)
CHIESA D'INGHILTERRA: v. ANGLICANESIMO. -
Church of God (CHIESA DI DIO)
Under this name (Church of God) several Protestant sects are known. 1) C. of G. (reform movement), founded by S. Warner in 1880 in the State of Indiana (United… -
Church State (CHIESA, STATO DELLA)
CHIESA, STATO della: v. STATO PONTIFICIO. -
Chur, Diocese of (CHUR, DIOCESI DI)
CHUR, DIOCESI di: v. COIRA, DIOCESI di. -
Chur, Diocese of (COIRA, DIOCESI DI)
City of Switzerland (Latin Curia Rhaetorum, Romansh Cuera, French Coire, German Chur), capital of the Canton of Graubünden. Of ancient origin, it was already… -
Churinga (Tjurunga) (CIURINGA (CHURINGA, TJURUNGA))
Term used to designate certain sacred objects of wood or stone, on which totemic motifs are carved or painted, used by the Australian aborigines (especially by… -
Chus
Geographical term (Heb. Kúf), fairly frequent in the Bible. In Gen. 2:13 the land traversed by the river Gihon is called C. This text, like the one that… -
Chusa (Chouzē) (CHUSA (ΧΟΥΖΈ))
A high dignitary of Herod Antipas (v. ANTIPA JULIUS HERODES), mentioned by Lk. 8:3, where ἐπίτροπος means something like "prime minister" (cf. Flavius… -
Chusai (CHUSAI)
Archite (2 Sam. 14:32; 17:5, 14), friend and intimate counselor of David (2 Sam. 15:37; 16:16), whose full trust he enjoyed and whom he served with complete… -
Chusan Rasathaim (CHUSAN RASATHAIM)
King, according to the Vulgate, of Mesopotamia and Syria (Judg. 3:8, 10). The Hebrew text calls him king of 'Āram Nahārajim or "Aram (v.) of the two rivers."… -
Ciacchi, Luigi
Cardinal, b. at Pesaro on 16 Aug. 1788, d. at Rome on 17 Dec. 1865. Having come to Rome at a young age, he pursued the prelatial career. In 1828 he was… -
Ciaccio, Giuseppe
Italian physician and histologist (1824-1901), professor at the University of Bologna, known for his studies on the electric organ of the torpedo fish and the… -
Ciaconio, Alfonso
CIACONIO, ALFONSO: v. CHACÓN ALONSO. -
Ciaconio (Chacón), Pedro
Spanish theologian and humanist, b. in Toledo in 1527, d. in 1581 in Rome, where he resided for a long time. He was commissioned by Gregory XIII to revise the… -
Cialdi, Alessandro
Navigator and devotee of hydraulic and nautical sciences, pontifical naval officer, b. at Civitavecchia on 9 April 1807, d. at Rome on 16 June 1882. In 1840… -
Ciamcian, Michele
Armenian Mechitarist monk of Venice, b. in Constantinople in 1738, d. there in 1823. A distinguished figure as a learned Orientalist, an apostle of the union… -
Ciampi, Lecrezio Vincenzo (CIAMPI, LECRENZIO VINCENZO)
Musician from Piacenza, b. in 1719, studied in Piacenza with the chapel master Rondini, moved to Naples (perhaps a pupil of Durante and of S. Leo), then to… -
Ciampini, Giovanni Giustino
Born in Rome on 13 April 1633, died there on 12 July 1698. A skilled jurist, he later held very important offices in the Roman Curia. In 1671 he established at… -
Ciampi, Sebastiano
Priest, b. at Pistoia on 31 Oct. 1769, d. at Florence on 14 Dec. 1847. Professor of ancient literatures at the University of Florence, then at that of Warsaw.… -
Ciampoli, Giovanni
Scholar and man of letters, b. in Florence in 1589, d. in Iesi on 8 Sept. 1643. He began his studies with the Jesuits and the Dominicans. Under the patronage… -
Cianresi
CIANRESI: V. LAMAISMO. -
Ciantes, Giuseppe-Maria
Dominican bishop, Hebraist and theologian, b. in Rome in 1620, d. there on 24 Feb. 1670. He belonged to the convent of S. Maria sopra Minerva. Because of his… -
Ciasca, Agostino
Augustinian cardinal, b. at Polignano a mare (Bari) on 7 May 1835, d. on 6 Feb. 1902. A learned orientalist, he took part in the Vatican Council as theologian… -
Cibo, Family (CIBO, FAMIGLIA)
Noble Genoese family. It began to attract notice in the first half of the 15th century with ARANO C., who was in the service of the Aragonese of Naples and a… -
Ciborium (CIBORIO)
From the Greek κιβώριον, also called fastigium, tegurium, and in the Middle Ages tiburium. It was an arched covering supported by four columns that the Romans… -
Cicatelli, Sanzio
Born in Naples in 1570, died there on 29 June 1627. Received at the age of nineteen by Camillo de Lellis (v.) into his Company, begun in 1584, he was among the… -
Ciccione, Andrea
CICCIONE, ANDREA: v. ANDREÀ da NOFRI. -
Ciceri, Alessandro
Jesuit missionary, b. at Como on 27 May 1639, entered the novitiate in 1655, left for India in 1674. He was visitor of the Provinces of Goa and Malabar… -
Cicero, Marcus Tullius (CICERONE, MARCO TULLIO)
Roman orator, politician and philosopher, b. 3 January 106 B.C. at Arpino, d. by the hand of Antony's assassins near Gaeta on 7 December 43. He completed his… -
Ciceruacchio
CICERUACCHIO: v. BRUNETTI, ANGELO. -
Cicogna, Emanuele Antonio
Prince of the scholars and bibliophiles of his time, b. in Venice in 1789, he studied at the College of Nobles run by the Somaschi in Udine. Passionate about… -
Cicognini, Iacopo (CICOGNINI, IACOPD)
Writer, b. at Castrocaro in 1557, d. at Florence in 1633. Having earned a degree in jurisprudence at Pisa in 1600, he tried many activities in life, first as… -
Ciconia, Iohannes
Musician and theorist, poet and singer, canon of Padua, but a native of Liège, he was, more than a purely eclectic composer, the most valid representative of… -
Cid
With this name (Arabic sajjid = lord) given to him by the defeated enemy, Rodrigo Díaz de Bivar is consecrated by history, the Castilian hero in whom medieval… -
Cienfuegos, Álvarez
Celebrated Spanish Jesuit theologian, bishop and cardinal, b. at Oviedo (Asturias) on 27 February 1657, d. at Rome on 19 August 1739. Having entered the… -
Cienfuegos, Diocese of (CIENFUEGOS, DIOCESI DI)
City of the Republic of Cuba in the Antilles, and seat of a diocese, suffragan of Santiago de Cuba (v.), which comprises the entire civil province of Santa… -
Cieplak, Jan Feliks
Polish bishop, b. at Dombrowa (diocese of Kielce) on 17 Aug. 1857, d. at Passaic, near New York, on 17 Feb. 1926. A professor at the Ecclesiastical Academy of… -
C. I. F.
C. I. F.: V. CENTRO ITALIANO FEMMINILE. -
Cigoli, Cardi Ludovico detto Il
Painter, architect and sculptor, b. at Cigoli (S. Miniato), 21 Sept. 1559; d. at Rome, 8 June 1613. A pupil of Alessandro Allori, he sought in painting a… -
Cilicia
A vast region in the south-eastern corner of Asia Minor. The long Taurus chain with its high peak Bulgar Dağ (3500 m.) separates it to the north from Isauria… -
Cilicia of the Armenians (CILICIA DEGLI ARMENI)
Catholic patriarchate since 26 Nov. 1742, when Benedict XIV confirmed Apraham Artzineam, a Catholic bishop, elected katholikâ of Sis by an assembly of priests… -
Cimabue
Cenni di Pepo, called C., Florentine painter, b. ca. 1240. The documents tell us only that in 1272 he was in Rome, that in 1301 he undertook to execute, in… -
Cima da Conegliano
Painter, b. at Conegliano between 1459 and 1460 and d. there in 1517-18. In 1492 he settled in Venice, where he remained for almost all the rest of his life.… -
Cimarosa, Domenico
Italian opera composer of the 18th century, b. at Aversa in 1749. He studied in Naples with the organist P. Polcabo and then at the conservatory of S. M. di… -
Cimbebasia Inferiore, Apostolic Vicariate of (CIMBEBASIA INFERIORE, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)
CIMBEBASIA INFERIORE, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO di: v. WINDROCK, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO di. -
Cimbebasia Superiore, Diocese of (CIMBEBASIA SUPERIORE, DIOCESI DI)
CIMBEBASIA SUPERIORE, DIOCESI di: v. SILVA PORTO, DIOCESI di. -
Cimitero dei Giordani (GIORDANI, CIMITERO DEI)
On the Via Salaria nuova. Nothing certain can be said about the plural form of the name of this cemetery, which has led some to think of a corruption of… -
Cimitile
CIMITILE: v. NOLA. -
Cincinnati, Archdiocese of (CINCINNATI, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
City in the State of Ohio in the United States and seat of a metropolitan archdiocese comprising a territory of about 31,200 sq. km., having as suffragans the… -
Cinematics (CINEMATICA)
CINEMATICA : v. MECCANICA. -
Cinematograph (CINEMATOGRAFO)
I. MORALS AND PEDAGOGY. - Having appeared only in 1895, the cinema was able in a short time to rise to true heights of art, passing from silent films to… -
Cingoli, Diocese of (CINGOLI, DIOCESI DI)
CINGOLI, DIOCESI di: v. OSIMO, DIOCESI di. -
Cingulum (CINGOLO)
From the profane use of a belt to keep the tunic fixed around the hips, the sacred vestment arose in the form of a cord, with two tassels at the ends, which… -
Cini, Adelaide, Venerable (CINI, ADELAIDE, VENERABILE)
B. at Valletta (Malta) on 25 Oct. 1838, d. at Hamrun (Malta) on 28 March 1885. She remained in the world, consecrated to God, in order to redeem, through work… -
Cini, Giovanni, Blessed (CINI, GIOVANNI, BEATO)
Of the Third Order of St. Francis, founder of an ephemeral Order and of a Company of Disciplinati at Pisa, b. probably at Pisa and d. there after 1331, often… -
Cinnamon (CINNAMOMO)
An aromatic element of the anointing oil (Ex. 30:23). It is often joined in enumeration with other perfumes, such as cassia, myrrh, aloes. Because of the rare… -
Cino da Pistoia
C. de' Sighibuldi, b. around 1270, studied grammar in his homeland and law in Bologna and in France; he was a jurist and judge in Pistoia, in Florence, in the… -
Cinquecento, Art of the (CINQUECENTO, ARTE DEL)
CINQUECENTO, ARTE del: v. RINASCIMENTO. -
Ciocchi del Monte, Antonio Maria
Cardinal, b. at Monte S. Savino in 1461, he was auditor of the Camera and of the Rota, bishop of Città di Castello on 4 Aug. 1503, then archbishop of Siponto… -
Cioni, Giovanni Battista, Venerable (CIONI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, VENERABILE)
First member of the Clerics Regular of the Mother of God, b. in Lucca on 11 Nov. 1556, in the Cioni palace, third-born of the noble couple Francesco and… -
Ciorti
CIORTI: v. LAMAIEMO. C. I. P.: v. PUBBLICA OPINIONE. -
Ciparissiota, Giovanni
Byzantine writer of the 14th century, also known by the title of "Sapiente". He left two famous writings, one of them remaining almost entirely unpublished… -
Cipher and Ciphering (CIFRA E CIFRARIO)
CIFRA e CIFRARIO: V. CRITTOGRAFIA. -
Cipolla, Carlo
Historian, b. in Verona on 26 Sept. 1854, d. on 17 Jan. 1917. A pupil in Padua of Gloria and De Leva, in 1882 he succeeded Ercole Ricotti in the chair of… -
Cippus (CIPPO)
A parallelepiped of stone or marble, either to mark a burial and therefore with a corresponding inscription, or to delimit a boundary or border. Sepulchral… -
Circulation (CIRCOLAZIONE)
By c. is meant that complex of structures and functions suited to make a current of liquid circulate incessantly from the surfaces of absorption of nutrients… -
Circumambulation (CIRCUMAMBULAZIONE)
A rite consisting in walking around the boundaries of a piece of land, a building, or an object. This circuit is performed for two reasons: either to enclose… -
Circumcellions (CIRCONCELLIONI)
Name given in Roman Africa to groups of unemployed and unruly peasants and farm laborers, perpetrators of numerous acts of violence of every kind. The… -
Circumcised (CIRCONCISI)
Heretics of the 13th century, so named from the practice of the Jewish rite of circumcision. They are designated by this term in the list of heretical sects… -
Circumcision (CIRCONCISIONE)
Total or partial ablation, or even simple incision, of the foreskin in men, and cutting of the clitoris in women (in the classical sense, the circumcision of… -
Circumincession (CIRCUMINSESSIONE (CIRCUMINSESSIO, CIRCUMINCESSIO))
A term of Greek derivation, by which is indicated the mutual immanence of the three persons of the Most Holy Trinity, each of which resides in the other two… -
Circumstances (CIRCOSTANZE)
CIRCOSTANZE: v. DELITTO; MORALITÀ, fonti della; PECCATO. -
Cirella
Corresponds to C. Vecchia, of which ruins exist on the Tyrrhenian coast, a little south of the mouth of the Lao. It was a city of Brutium, at the extreme… -
Cire-Perdue Casting (GETTO (FUSIONE A CERA PERDUTA))
Casting, or pouring, is in general the operation carried out in sculpture to obtain the definitive work from the matrix mold, whether it is a matter of… -
Ciriaci, Augusto
Born in Rome on 10 Aug. 1889, died there on 3 Sept. 1936. He was active in the ranks of Catholic Action from his earliest years, first as an apostle in his own… -
Ciriaco, Largo and Smaragdo, Saints (CIRIACO, LARGO E SMARAGDO, SANTI)
At the seventh mile of the Via Ostiensis. In the Depositio Martyrum (v.) on August 8 are commemorated Ostiense VII ballistaria Cyriaci, Largi, Crescentiani… -
Ciriaco of Ancona (CIRIACO D'ANCONA)
CIRIACO d'ANCONA: v. PIZZICOLLI, CIRIACO dei. -
Ciriaco of Antioch (CIRIACO DI ANTIOCHIA)
Jacobite patriarch of Antioch, who lived in the 8th century. A monk in the monastery of Bizonà or "of the columns" near Callinicus, he was elected patriarch… -
Ciriaco, Patriarch of Constantinople (CIRIACO, PATRIARCA DI COSTANTINOPOLI)
He was elected to this see in 595 under the emperor Maurice. Continuing the tradition of his predecessor John IV 'the Faster', in the letter in which he gave… -
Ciriaco, Virapetzi
CIRIACO, VIRAPETZI: v. KIRAKOS VIRAPETZI. -
Cirio, Katholikós
CIRIO, KATHOLIKÓS: v. KURION KATHOLICÓS. -
Cirta
CIRTA: v. COSTANTINA. -
Ciseri, Antonio
Painter, b. at Ronco in the canton of Ticino in 1821, d. at Florence in 1891. A pupil of Bezzuoli in Florence, where he had moved from 1833, he inherited from… -
Cis (CIS)
Name of several biblical figures, the best known of whom is the father of Saul (v.) of the tribe of Benjamin, living in Gibeah. In I Sam. 14:51, C. is called… -
Cisneros, Francisco
CISNEROS, FRANCISCO: v. XIMÉNEZ FRANCISCO de CISNEROS. -
Cisneros, García de
Spanish Benedictine monk, b. at Cisneros (León) in the second half of the 15th century. He was a cousin of the great Cardinal Cisneros. He embraced the… -
Cison (CISON)
Biblical name of the torrent that rolled in its murky whirlpools the corpses of the army of Sisera defeated by the troops of Deborah (Judg. 4:7, 13; Ps. 83:9)… -
Cissa
This small town in Istria, situated on an island a short distance from the present-day city of Rovigno, was the site of a purple-dye manufactory subject to the… -
Cistercians (Order of Cîteaux) (CISTERCENSI (SACRO ORDINE CISTERCENSE))
This name comes from Cistercium (Citeaux), where on 22 March 1098 St. Robert (v.), abbot of Molesme (1075-98), founded the first abbey of the Order (although… -
Citation (CITAZIONE)
Citation, in the canonical process, is, unlike what normally happens in civil procedural systems (where it is often one party that cites the other), an order… -
Cîteaux (Cistercium), Abbey of (CÌTEAUX (CISTERCIUM), ABBAZIA DI)
Also called New Monastery, perhaps in relation to Molesme, it was founded by St. Robert (v.), abbot of Molesme. The latter, desirous of a life more in… -
Cittadella, Alfonso
CITTADELLA, ALFONSO : v. LOMBARDI, FAMIGLIA. -
Cittadella Vigodarzere, Andrea (CITTADELLA VIGODÄRZERE, ANDREA)
Born on 15 July 1804 in Treviso, died on 19 March 1870 in Florence, he devoted himself to legal studies. He knew Abbot Giuseppe Barbieri, a noted orator, who… -
Cittanova Dell'estuario
It is one of the smallest cities that arose, according to Venetian traditions, when the inhabitants of Opitergium had to seek refuge in the lagoons under… -
Cittanova D'istria
A locality on the Istrian shore that arose on the site of an ancient Emonia, on account of which from the Middle Ages onward the bishopric also took this name… -
City of Life (CITTÀ DI VITA)
A bimonthly journal of religious studies and theological culture for laypeople, founded in Florence in 1946. As the organ of the theological studies and… -
City of the Boys (CITTÀ DEI RAGAZZI)
CITTÀ DEI RAGAZZI : v. RAGAZZI, CITTÀ DEI. -
Ciudad Bolívar, Diocese of (CIUDAD BOLÍVAR, DIOCESI DI)
CIUDAD BOLÍVAR, DIOCESI di: v. GUAYANA, DIOCESI di. -
Ciudad de Dios, La
Journal of ecclesiastical culture published by the Augustinian Hermits of Spain. Begun in January 1881 under the title Revista augustiniana, in July 1887 it… -
Ciudadela, Diocese of (CIUDADELA, DIOCESI DI)
CIUDADELA, DIOCESI di: v. MINORCA, DIOCESI di. -
Ciudad Rodrigo, Diocese of (CIUDAD RODRIGO, DIOCESI DI)
City of Spain, in the province of Salamanca and a suffragan diocese of Valladolid. It borders to the north and east on the diocese of Salamanca, to the south… -
Ciudad Trujillo, Archdiocese of (CIUDAD TRUJILLO, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
CIUDAD TRUJILLO, ARCIDIOCESI di: v. SANTO DOMINGO, CIUDAD TRUJILLO, ARCIDIOCESI di. -
Ciudad Victoria, Diocese of (CIUDAD VICTORIA, DIOCESI DI)
CIUDAD VICTORIA, DIOCESI di: v. TAMAULIPAS, DIOCESI di. -
Ciuffagni, Bernardo di Piero di Bartolomeo
Sculptor, b. in Florence in 1381, d. there in 1457. An assistant of Ghiberti on the second door of the Baptistery, between 1410 and 1433 he carved for the… -
Cividale del Friuli
Roman remains and particularly inscriptions (which do not appear to have been brought there from elsewhere) attest to a community under the name of Forum… -
Civil Constitution of the Clergy (COSTITUZIONE CIVILE DEL CLERO)
COSTITUZIONE CIVILE DEL CLERO: v. RIVOLUZIONE FRANCESE.