C
2,386 articles · English index · Indice italiano-
Civilization (CIVILTÀ)
The idea of civilization refers to an object so complex, in whose composition so many disparate elements of different natures concur, that the existence of… -
Civil Marriage (MATRIMONIO CIVILE)
1. Notion and different kinds. - Civil marriage is that contracted before the civil official and according to the civil law. After the French Revolution it… -
Civita Castellana, Orte e Gallese, Diocese of (CIVITA CASTELLANA, ORTE E GALLESE, DIOCESI DI)
In Lazio, in the province of Viterbo, immediately subject to the Holy See. The three united dioceses each boast a notable antiquity. At C. C., which arose near… -
Civitale (CIVITALI)
Family of artists. MATTEO, sculptor and architect, b. at Lucca on June 5, 1436; d. there on Oct. 12, 1501. He completed his apprenticeship in Florence, almost… -
Civitanova Marche
The earliest Christian records, like the episcopal see of ancient Cluentum, are not yet entirely clear. To this vicus, probably situated near present-day C.… -
Civitavecchia
The Centumcellae of the Romans, where Trajan around the year 106 A.D. created an artificial port, garrisoned alternately by detachments of the Misenate and… -
Clairvaux, Abbey of (CLAIRVAUX, ABBAZIA DI)
The famous abbey of C. is indissolubly linked to the name and glory of its abbot St. Bernard. Chosen by St. Stephen Harding to found a new monastery, he set… -
Clairvoyance (CHIAROVEGGENZA)
A fully satisfactory definition of c. is difficult. Etymologically: "clear vision, clarity of perception." Even the most competent authors differ on the… -
Clare Mary of the Passion, Venerable (CHIARA MARIA DELLA PASSIONE, VENERABILE)
Discalced Carmelite mystic, Princess Giovanna Vittoria Colonna-Barberini, b. 11 April 1610 in Orsogna (Chieti) to Don Filippo Colonna, Duke of Paliano, d. in… -
Clarembald of Abras (CLAREMBALDO DI ABRAS)
A disciple of Thierry of Chartres (v.), of whom there is known so far an extensive commentary on Boethius' De Trinitate, written around 1153 (cf. ed. W.… -
Clareno, Angelo
Franciscan (more correctly A. da Chiarino, also called da Cingoli), leader of the zealots or Spirituals (v.), b. at Chiarino (Recanati; or at Fossombrone), d.… -
Clare of Assisi, Saint (CHIARA D'ASSISI, SANTA)
Foundress with St. Francis of the Order of the Poor Clares, called the Second Franciscan Order, b. at Assisi in 1194 into a noble family (but not of the counts… -
Clare of Montefalco, Saint (CHIARA DA MONTEFALCO, SANTA)
Augustinian, b. at Montefalco (province of Perugia) in 1268, d. there on 17 Aug. 1308. At the age of 6 she entered the reclusory founded and governed by her… -
Claret, Anthony Mary, Blessed (CLARET, ANTONIO MARIA, BEATO)
Founder of the Congregation of Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (v.), born at Sallent (Barcelona) on 24 December 1807. Having studied at Vich… -
Claretians (CLARETIANI)
CLARETIANI : v. MISSIONARI FIGLI DEL CUORE IMMACOLATO DI MARIA. -
Clari, Giovanni Carlo Maria
Musician, b. at Pisa on 27 Nov. 1677, d. there on 16 May 1754. He studied first with his father Giovanni Antonio (choirmaster of the cathedral of Pistoia) and… -
Clario, Isidoro
Bishop, exegete and orator, b. at Chiari (Brescia) in 1495 and d. at Foligno on 28 May 1555. His name was Taddeo Cucchi: he was called Clarius from the… -
Clarke, Richard Frederick
English Jesuit writer, b. in London on 24 Jan. 1839, d. at York on 10 Sept. 1900. After good studies at Oxford, he had been ordained minister in the Anglican… -
Clarke, Samuel
Anglican theologian and philosopher, b. in Norwich on 11 Oct. 1675, d. in London on 17 May 1729. His writings were edited by Hoadly, The Works of S. Clarke, 4… -
Clasio, Luigi
CLASIO, LUIGI: v. FIACCHI, LUIGI. -
Classes (CLASSI)
The identity of social positions, professions and activities carried out within the community, when compared with the diversity of aptitudes, education and… -
Classicism (CLASSICISMO)
The concept of classicism, like that of Romanticism and, more recently (limited to the figurative arts) of Baroque, besides designating a historically… -
Classification (CLASSIFICAZIONE)
CLASSIFICATION.— It is the operation by which a multitude of related objects is arranged in a hierarchical system of groupings, for the purpose of facilitating… -
Class Struggle (LOTTA DI CLASSE)
LOTTA DI CLASSE: v. CLASSI. -
Clauberg, Johann
Calvinist, b. in 1622 at Solingen (Westphalia), professor of philosophy at Herborn, then at Duisburg, where he d. in 1665. He was the first to spread Cartesian… -
Claude, Jean
Calvinist theologian and polemicist, b. at La Sauvetat (Agenois) in 1619, d. at The Hague in 1687. Son and grandson of Calvinist pastors, and himself a pastor… -
Claude Lorrain (Claude Gellée) (LORENESE, GELLÉE CLAUDE, DETTO IL)
Painter, b. at Chamagne (Lorraine) in 1600, d. in Rome on 23 Nov. 1682. His artistic life unfolded almost entirely in Italy. In 1613-14 he is already recorded… -
Claudia de Angelis
Mystic, b. at Anagni in 1675, d. in 1715. Devoted from her earliest years to a life of piety and sacrifice, she was later drawn to Dominican spirituality and… -
Claudian, Saint, Martyr (CLAUDIANO, SANTO, MARTIRE)
CLAUDIANO, santo, martire: v. PAPIA, DIODORUS and CLAUDIANUS, saints, martyrs. -
Claudianus, Claudius (CLAUDIANO, CLAUDIO)
The last notable Latin poet, born and educated in Alexandria; to the study of Greek, his native language, in which he also wrote verses, he added that of the… -
Claudianus Mamertus (CLAUDIANO MAMERTO)
He was a priest at Vienne in the Dauphiné, where he died in 473 or 474. Around 470 he wrote De statu animae in 3 books, of which the first two contain the… -
Claudia Procula
CLAUDIA PROCULA: v. PROCULA CLAUDIA. -
Claudius, Asterius, Neon, Domnina and Theonilla, Saints (CLAUDIO, ASTERIO, NEONE, DOMNINA E TEONILLA, SANTI)
Martyrs of Aegea (in Cilicia) in 285; the Western martyrologies commemorate them on 23 Aug., while the Greek synaxaria list them on 30 Oct. and 27 Jan. Two… -
Claudius (Ethiopian Galāxodēnos) (CLAUDIO (ETIOPICO GALĀXODĒNOS))
Sovereign of Ethiopia. He succeeded his father Lebna Denghel (David II) in September 1540, at the age of 18. Very little remained then of Christian Ethiopia… -
Claudius II, Emperor, Known as the Goth (CLAUDIO II, IMPERATORE, DETTO IL GOTICO)
Born in Pannonia to a humble family between 214 and 220, he distinguished himself in the army through his great valor. Thanks to the support of the military… -
Claudius, Matthias
Protestant poet and writer, b. at Reinfeld on 15 Aug. 1740, d. at Hamburg on 21 Jan. 1815. After completing his university studies at Jena, he lived in… -
Claudius of Turin (CLAUDIO DI TORINO)
Of Spanish origin, a follower, it seems, of Felix of Urgel. He attended in Lyon the school that Archbishop Leidrad had brought to a high level of efficiency.… -
Claudius Severus (CLAUDIO SEVERO)
Rhetorician and Peripatetic philosopher, teacher of Marcus Aurelius, who makes honorable mention of him in his Meditations (1, 14). He must also be that C. S.… -
Claudius, Roman Emperor (CLAUDIO, IMPERATORE ROMANO)
Fourth emperor (41-54 A.D.), son of Drusus and Antonia, uncle of Caligula, whom he succeeded in the Empire at the age of fifty. Although he had no great… -
Clause (CLAUSOLA)
The term c. (from Latin claudo) means generically final part and specifically the concise conclusion of a discourse. IN LAW. — The term is found in Roman legal… -
Clausel de Montals, Claude-Hippolyte
Bishop, b. at Coussergues (Aveyron) on 5 April 1769, d. on 1 April 1857. Having fled from Saint-Sulpice at the time of the storming of the Bastille, he was… -
Clausi, Bernardo, Venerable (CLAUSI, BERNARDO, VENERABILE)
A most pious priest of the Minims, b. at S. Sisto (Cosenza) in 1789, d. at Paola on 20 Dec. 1849. He entered the Order of the Minims at Paola at a very young… -
Clausure (CLAUSURA)
The name c., from the Latin claudere (to close), has two correlative meanings in the law of religious. It is commonly used to indicate both the law that… -
Claver, Peter, Saint (CLAVER, PIETRO, SANTO)
CLAVER, PIETRO, santo: v. PIETRO CLAVER, saint. -
Clavijero, Francisco-Javier
Mexican Jesuit, b. at Veracruz in 1731, and having entered the novitiate in 1748, he taught rhetoric in Mexico and philosophy at Valladolid and Guadalajara.… -
Clavius, Christoph (CLAVIO, CHRISTOPH)
Celebrated Jesuit mathematician, b. at Bamberg in 1538, d. at Rome on 6 February 1612. Having entered the Society at Rome in 1555, he studied at Coimbra in… -
Clémencet, Charles
Maurist Benedictine, b. at Painblanc in 1703, d. 4 April 1778 in Paris. He collaborated on the Histoire littér. de la France (vols. X and XI), completed the… -
Clemen, Karl
Protestant, historian of religions, b. at Sommerfeld (Leipzig) in 1865, d. on 8 July 1940 at Bonn, where he was professor of his discipline. Principal works… -
Clemens, Franz Jakob
German theologian, b. in Koblenz on 4 Oct. 1815, d. in Rome on 24 Feb. 1862. After completing his studies, he traveled through Germany and Italy, acquiring a… -
Clemens, Jacob, called non Papa (CLEMENS, JACOB, DETTO NON PAPA)
Musician, b. in Flanders toward the end of the 15th century or the beginning of the 16th, d. at Dixmuiden in 1555. He was called Non Papa to distinguish him… -
Clement, Consul (CLEMENTE, CONSOLE)
Titus Flavius C., consul in the year 95, cousin of the emperor Domitian and husband of Flavia Domitilla, a man of "most despicable indolence" according to… -
Clément de Boissy, Atranas-Alexandre (CLÉMENT DE BOISSY, ATRANASE-ALEXANDRE)
French jurist, brother of the bishop of Versailles Augustin, counselor of the Chambre des Comptes of Paris, b. at Créteil in 1716, d. at St-Palaye in 1793. He… -
Clemente da Sant'Elpidio, Blessed (CLEMENTE DA S. ELPIDIO, BEATO)
He is also called C. of Osimo by biographers, but he was born in the village of S. Elpidio, near that city. In 1274 he was prior general of the Hermits of St.… -
Clemente da Terzorio
Capuchin historian of the Province of Genoa, b. 7 Sept. 1865, d. 13 Dec. 1946. A missionary in Montevideo (1891-93), secretary general of the Missions… -
Clemente, Il
Sogari Prospero, known as il C., sculptor and goldsmith, b. at Reggio Emilia on 16 February 1516, d. there on 25 May 1584. He was influenced by ancient… -
Clément, François
Born at Bèze in 1714, died on 29 March 1793 in Paris, he was called a Maurist Benedictine; he devoted his life to historical studies and, on the commission of… -
Clement III, Antipope (CLEMENTE III, ANTIPAPA)
CLEMENTE III, ANTIPAPA: v. GUIBERTO di RAVENNA. -
Clement III, Pope (CLEMENTE III, PAPA)
The Roman Paolo Scolari, cardinal from 1179 and bishop of Palestrina from 1181, was elected pope at Pisa on 19 Dec. 1187 and took the name C. III. His first… -
Clement II, Pope (CLEMENTE II, PAPA)
After the forced abdication of Gregory VI, on Dec. 24, 1046 Suitger, bishop of Bamberg, was named pontiff by the will of Henry III. The validity of his… -
Clementi, Muzio
Musician, b. in Rome on 24 Jan. 1752, d. in London on 10 March 1832. A pupil of Buroni, Cordicelli, Carpani and Santorelli, in 1764 he composed the oratorio… -
Clementine (CLEMENTINA)
Name of the Societas hebraica Parisiensis, founded by French Capuchins in the 18th century and approved by Clement XIII, with the aim of deepening biblical… -
Clementine Constitutions (CLEMENTINE, COSTITUZIONI)
CLEMENTINE, COSTITUZIONI: v. CORPUS IURIS CANONICI. CLEMENTINE (PSEUDO), OMELIE E RECOGNITIONES: v. CLEMENTE I, papa. -
Clementine Constitutions (COSTITUZIONI CLEMENTINE)
COSTITUZIONI CLEMENTINE: v. CORPUS IURIS CANONICI. -
Clementine Homilies (OMELIE CLEMENTINE)
OMELIE CLEMENTINE : v. CLEMENTE I, -
Clement I, Pope, Saint (CLEMENTE I, PAPA, SANTO)
Pope from 92 to 101, according to Eusebius; author of an epistle to the Corinthians. SUMMARY: I. Life. - II. The epistle. - III. Apocryphal works. - IV. Title… -
Clement IV, Pope (CLEMENTE IV, PAPA)
Guido Fulcodi, b. at St-Gilles near Nîmes in Provence at the beginning of the 13th century, was in the service of the king of France precisely at the moment… -
Clement IX, Pope (CLEMENTE IX, PAPA)
Giulio Rospigliosi was born in Pistoia, of a noble family, on 28 January 1600; created cardinal in 1657, elected pope on 20 June 1667, died on 9 December 1669.… -
Clement Mary Hofbauer, Saint (CLEMENTE MARIA HOFBAUER, SANTO)
B. Dec. 26, 1751 at Tasswitz (Austria), d. in Vienna on March 15, 1820. After a hard and laborious youth, he lived for some time as a hermit, and then attended… -
Clement of Alexandria (CLEMENTE ALESSANDRINO)
Greek ecclesiastical writer. SUMMARY: I. Person. - II. Works. - III. Doctrine. I. PERSON. - 1. Life. - Titus Flavius C., surnamed the A., born around the… -
Clement of Ancyra, Martyr (CLEMENTE DI ANCIRA, MARTIRE)
He is commemorated in all the martyrologies on 23 January. According to the Passio, a rhetorical and naively bold writing, he would have been born in 258… -
Clement of Jesus (CLEMENTE DI GESÙ)
Carmelite missionary, in the world Giovanni Peano. Born in Alessandria on 7 April 1731, he professed on 27 September 1749. A missionary in Malabar from 1757… -
Clement of Ohrid, Saint (CLEMENTE DI OCRIDA, SANTO)
Called "the Slav" or "the Bulgarian," bishop, d. in 916. He accompanied Sts. Cyril and Methodius on the mission to Moravia. After the death of St. Methodius… -
Clement of Smolensk (CLEMENTE DI SMOLENSK)
Russian monk, elected in 1149 metropolitan of Kiev during the absence of the titular, the Byzantine Michael, despite the oath sworn not to proceed to elections… -
Clement, Pseudo (CLEMENTE, PSEUDO)
CLEMENTE, PSEUDO: v. CLEMENT I, § III: apocryphal works. -
Clement, Saint (CLEMENTE, SANTO)
Byzantine hymnographer, who lived in the 9th century. It seems certain that he was a monk of Stoudion and not at Grottaferrata, as G. Sciommari believed (Vita… -
Clement VII, Antipope (CLEMENTE VII, ANTIPAPA)
CLEMENTE VII, ANTIPAPA: v. ROBERTO di GINEVRA. -
Clement VIII, Antipope (CLEMENTE VIII, ANTIPAPA)
CLEMENTE VIII, ANTIPAPA: V. SANCHEZ MUÑOZ, EGIDIO. -
Clement VIII, Pope (CLEMENTE VIII, PAPA)
Ippolito, son of Silvestro Aldobrandini, an illustrious jurist, and of Lisa Deti, b. at Fano on 24 Feb. 1536, was raised to the pontificate on 30 Jan. 1592; d.… -
Clement VII, Pope (CLEMENTE VII, PAPA)
Giulio de' Medici, b. in Florence on 26 May 1478, a month after the Pazzi conspiracy, of which his father Giuliano had been a victim; the latter had had him by… -
Clement VI, Pope (CLEMENTE VI, PAPA)
Pierre Roger, b. in 1291 at Maumont (Corrèze) to Guillaume, lord of Rosière, and to Guillemette de Mestre. At the age of ten he entered the Benedictine… -
Clement V, Pope (CLEMENTE V, PAPA)
Bertrand de Got, b. in Gascony, was bishop of Comminges (1295-97), then archbishop of Bordeaux (1297-1305). His election, after the long Conclave of Perugia… -
Clement XIII, Pope (CLEMENTE XIII, PAPA)
Carlo Rezzonico, b. in Venice on 7 March 1693 to a family originally from Como and only recently inscribed in the Libro d'oro (1687). He studied at the Jesuit… -
Clement XII, Pope (CLEMENTE XII, PAPA)
Lorenzo Corsini, b. in Florence on 7 April 1652; d. in Rome on 6 Feb. 1740. He studied in Rome at the Roman College, and earned a doctorate in both laws at… -
Clement XI, Pope (CLEMENTE XI, PAPA)
Giovanni Francesco Albani, b. at Urbino on 23 July 1649, was educated in Rome and was not unconnected with the circle of Queen Christina of Sweden. Appointed… -
Clement XIV, Pope (CLEMENTE XIV, PAPA)
Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio, son of Lorenzo Ganganelli, b. 31 Oct. 1705 at Sant'Arcangelo di Romagna in the district of Rimini, where his father practiced… -
Clement X, Pope (CLEMENTE X, PAPA)
Emilio Altieri, b. in Rome of the ancient Altieri family on 12 July 1590; a doctor of both laws, he was in 1623 auditor at the nunciature of Poland, then on 26… -
Cleomenes (CLEOMENE)
Heretic; he taught the patripassian doctrine (the Father is identical with the Son, having suffered in Christ) in Rome at the beginning of the 3rd century… -
Cleophas (CLEOFA)
A name which in the Vulgate (Cleophas) corresponds to two different names in the Greek New Testament. While Κλεόπας (Lk. 24:18) is a Greek name (a contraction… -
Clergy Assemblies (ASSEMBLEE DEL CLERO)
ASSEMBLEE DEL CLERO: v. CLERO, ASSEMBLEE del. -
Clergy, Assembly of the (CLERO, ASSEMBLEE DEL)
According to canonical provisions, the clergy of each diocese gathers with the bishop at its head in the diocesan synod (v.); bishops gather in provincial… -
Clergy, Clerics (CLERO, CHIERICI)
By divine right the members of the Church are divided into the two categories of clerics and laity. To the former belong (whether by divine right or not… -
Clergy Gymnasium (PALESTRA DEL CLERO)
A fortnightly review of ecclesiastical culture and practice, begun at Rovigo on 1 November 1921. It contains articles on the various ecclesiastical sciences… -
Clerical and Clericalism (CLERICALE E CLERICALISMO)
"Clerical" is one of those adjectives that are periodically coined to be used in a derogatory sense, as happened in the sixteenth century with the word… -
Clericatus
CLERICATUS: v. CHIERICATO, GIOVANNI. -
Clerici, Bernardo
Friar Minor, missionary in Bolivia, b. in Pompejana on 5 Jan. 1825, d. in Tumapasa on 1 June 1907. C. became a Franciscan in the Observant Province of Bologna… -
Clerics (CHIERICI)
CLERICS: V. CLERO. -
Clerics of Saint Viator (CHIERICI DI SAN VIATORE)
Religious congregation, founded for teaching and the sacred ministry by the priest Louis Querbes (1793-1859), parish priest of Vourles near Lyon, in 1823. It… -
Clermont-Ferrand, Diocese of (CLERMONT-FERRAND, DIOCESI DI)
In France, currently formed by the department of Puy-de-Dôme; it is a suffragan of Bourges, comprises 5 archpriestries (Clermont, Ambert, Thiers, Issoire and… -
Clermont-Ganneau, Charles
Orientalist, b. in Paris on 17 February 1846, d. there on 15 February 1923. From 1890 he taught Semitic epigraphy and antiquities at the Collège de France.… -
Clermont-Tonnerre, Anne-Antoine-Marie-Jules, Duke of (CLERMONT-TONNERRE, ANNE-ANTOINE-MARIE-JULES, DUCA DI)
Cardinal, b. in Paris on 1 January 1749, d. at Toulouse on 21 February 1830. Abbot of Montierender, bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, ecclesiastical peer of the… -
Clervaux (Clerf)
Benedictine abbey of Sts. Maurice and Maurus, in Luxembourg, erected in 1909 to succeed the abbey of St. Maurus of Glanfeuil (diocese of Angers), which the… -
Cles, Bernardo
Cardinal, b. at Cles on 11 March 1485, d. at Bressanone on 28 July 1539. He studied at Bologna; during the pontificate of Leo X, he was elected (12 June 1514)… -
Clet, François-Régis, Martyr, Blessed (CLET, FRANÇOIS-RÉGIS, MARTIRE, BEATO)
Born in Grenoble on 19 Aug. 1748. As a boy he was distinguished for innocence, piety and a great love of study; his fellow pupils would later call him a… -
Cletus, Pope (CLETO, PAPA)
CLETO, papa: v. ANACLETO, papa. -
Cleveland, Diocese of (CLEVELAND, DIOCESI DI)
City in the State of Ohio in the United States and suffragan of Cincinnati. Its territory comprises 14 counties of northeastern Ohio, with an area of about… -
Cleves (CLEVE)
Two painters of this name. Of Joos van C. (Joos van der Beke) the Elder, the year of birth is unknown; he died in Antwerp in 1540. This painter, hitherto known… -
Clichtove, Josse
Humanist and theologian, b. at Newport in 1472 or 1473, d. at Chartres on 22 Sept. 1542. From the beginning of the 16th century he figures among the most… -
Clifford, William Joseph
English prelate, b. 24 Dec. 1823 at Irnham (diocese of Nottingham), d. 1893 at Both. Elected bishop of Clifton in Feb. 1857, he governed this diocese until his… -
Clifton, Diocese of (CLIFTON, DIOCESI DI)
In the south of the Bristol Channel (England); it comprises the county borough of Bristol and the counties of Gloucestershire, Somerset and Wiltshire. The… -
Climacteric Age (CLIMATERICA, ETÀ)
Attribution given by the ancients to certain periods of life, recurring at fixed times (every seven or nine years); critical points of particular difficulty… -
Clinge (Kling), Konrad
German theologian, of the Conventual Franciscans, b. at Nordhausen (Thuringia) ca. 1483-84, d. at Erfurt on 10 March 1556. He received his doctorate in… -
Clinicians (CLINICI)
With this name (from κλίνη = bed), which in Latin referred both to physicians and to the sick confined to bed (notable examples of this second meaning are… -
Clitherow, Margaret, Blessed, Martyr (CLITHEROW, MARGARET, BEATA, MARTIRE)
Called "the Pearl of York," born in York around 1552 to Thomas Middleton, a wax merchant and sheriff of York. Raised in heresy, in 1571 she married the… -
Clitunno, Tempietto del
CLITUNNO, TEMPIETTO del: v. SPOLETO, DIOCESI di. -
Clock (OROLOGIO)
Since antiquity there have been reports of instruments for measuring time applied to buildings; nevertheless the clock understood as an element, even a… -
Clogher, Diocese of (CLOCHER, DIOCESI DI)
In Eire (Ireland), suffragan of Armagh. The name comes from the Gaelic Clochar (= stone church). The see was founded by St. Patrick, who around 454 designated… -
Cloisonné
CLOISONNÉ: v. SMALTO. -
Cloister (Claustrum) (CHIOSTRO (CLAUSTRUM))
In the monastic sense it indicates, in remote times, that enclosed site which, according to the most ancient rules of St. Pachomius, of St. Basil, of Sts. Paul… -
Clonfert, Diocese of (CLONFERT, DIOCESI DI)
In Eire (Ireland), suffragan of Tuam. The name derives from the Gaelic Cluain Fearta Breanaina (= meadow of Brandan's grass). The origins of the diocese go… -
Clopinel, Jean
CLOPINEL, JEAN: v. MEUNG, JEAN de. -
Clorivière, Pierre-Joseph Picot de
French Jesuit, b. at St-Malo on 29 June 1735, d. at Paris on 9 Jan. 1820. He entered the novitiate of Paris in 1756, but the suppression of the Society of… -
Clotilde, Saint (CLOTILDE, SANTA)
Daughter of the Arian king Childeric, born in Lyon around 474, after the killing of her parents she was entrusted to the guardianship of her uncle Gundobad… -
Cloud of Unknowing ('Nube della Non Conoscenza')
Mystical text, anonymous, composed in England in the Midland dialect, around the middle of the 14th century and published for the first time, with a… -
Clouet, Jean
Painter and draughtsman, b. in the Low Countries (?) around 1485, d. in Paris in 1540. He is recorded at Tours from 1516, where he also executed large… -
Clovio, Giulio
Miniaturist, b. at Grizane in Croatia, d. at Rome on 5 Jan. 1578. His name in his native language was Jurai (that is, George) Glovichsich. In 1516 he was in… -
Clovis, King of the Franks (CLODOVEO, RE DEI FRANCHI)
He was of royal stock and belonged to the tribe of the Salian Franks; b. in 446, at the age of 15 he was already king. Raised in the pagan religion, he… -
Cloyne, Diocese of (CLOYNE, DIOCESI DI)
In Ireland, a suffragan of Cashel. The name comes from the Gaelic Cluain (= meadow). The diocese was founded around 580 by St. Colman, the first bishop, who is… -
Cluj-Gherla, Diocese of (CLUJ-GHERLA, DIOCESI DI)
Cluj is a city in Romania, the capital of Transylvania, with 99,720 inhabitants (1937 census). A very ancient city, called Napoca by the Dacians and… -
Cluny
City in the Rhône region, department of Saône-et-Loire, diocese of Mâcon, with the remains of the Benedictine abbey of the same name, called the "second Rome,"… -
Clypeate, Image (CLIPEATA, IMMAGINE)
With the expression "imago clipeata," which is already found in Macrobius (Saturn., II, 3), one usually designates the figure or, more often, the half-bust of… -
Coadjutor (COADIUTORE)
A coadiutore is the holder of a coadiutoria, that is, the cleric whose task it is to assist or supply for a beneficed person in the fulfillment of the… -
Cobelluzio (Cobelluzzi), Scipione
Cardinal, born at Viterbo in 1365, died at Rome on 29 June 1627. After studying at the Nardini college in Rome and obtaining a degree in law, he worked as a… -
Cocainism (COCAINISMO)
Irresistible tendency to take cocaine for pleasure, by injection or, more often, sniffed in powder form through the nose; among the most serious forms of… -
Cocceius, Iohannes
Protestant exegetical theologian, b. at Bremen on 9 Aug. 1603, d. at Leiden on 4 Nov. 1669. He began his studies, including that of Greek, under Metrophanes… -
Cocchia, Antonio
COCCHIA, ANTONIO: v. ROCCO da CESINALE. -
Cocchi, Angelo
Dominican, b. in Florence in 1597, d. at Fogan on 18 Nov. 1633. In 1622 he was sent to Manila, where he applied himself to the study of the Tagalog and Chinese… -
Cochabamba, Diocese of (COCHABAMBA, DIOCESI DI)
In the Republic of Bolivia, erected by Pius IX on 23 June 1847. It has a population of 642,000 inhabitants, of whom 635,000 are Catholics, divided into 53… -
Cochelet, Anastase
Carmelite theologian, b. in 1551 at Mézières (Champagne), d. at Reims in 1624. He was a religious in the convent of Reims, a doctor of theology at the… -
Cochem, Martino da
COCHEM, MARTINO da: v. MARTINO da COCHEM. -
Cochinchina (COCINCINA)
COCINCINA: v. INDOCINA FRANCESE. -
Cochin, Diocese of (COCHIN, DIOCESI DI)
COCHIN, DIOCESI di: v. COCCINO, DIOCESI di: -
Cochin [Kochi] (Coccino), Diocese of (COCCINO (COCHIN), DIOCESI DI)
A city of eastern India on the Malabar coast and the seat of a diocese suffragan to the patriarchal see of Goa. Its territory comprises two strips of land 80… -
Cochin, Pierre-Suzanne-Augustin
French Catholic writer, b. in Paris on 2 Dec. 1823, d. at Versailles on 13 March 1872. A scholar of economic and social problems, he conducted exhaustive… -
Cochlaeus (Dobeneck), Johannes (COCLEO (DOBENECK), GIOVANNI)
Eminent Catholic polemicist, b. in 1479, d. at Breslau on 11 Jan. 1552. He was called C. from the village of Wendelstein (Cochlea) where he was born. He fought… -
Cocle, Celestino
Archbishop, b. at S. Giovanni Rotondo (Foggia) on 23 Nov. 1783 and d. at Naples on 2 March 1857; he was the fifth superior general of the Redemptorist… -
Cocolla
It is a specifically monastic garment and consists of a large robe with wide sleeves, to which is added a hood, either attached to the neck or loose, to be… -
Coconnier, Thomas
Dominican philosopher and theologian, b. at Grazay near Mayenne in France, 26 Aug. 1846, d. at Toulouse 8 March 1908. He was a professor at the major seminary… -
Cocos
COCOS: v. STABILIMENTI DELLO STRETTO. -
Cocquelines, Charles
Tireless editor of the Roman Bullarium, who lived in the 18th century and died in 1758. In 1739 in Rome he began the publication of a Bullarum, privilegiorum… -
Coda, Benedetto
Painter, b. in Venice, or in Ferrara, or in Treviso, d. after 1530. From September 1495 he was in Rimini. Vasari considers him a pupil of Giovanni Bellini, but… -
Code of Canon Law (CODICE DI DIRITTO CANONICO)
CODE OF CANON LAW: v. CODEX IURIS CANONICI. -
Code of Canon Law of the Eastern Rite (CODICE DEL DIRITTO CANONICO ORIENTALE)
As with the codification of Latin canon law, so too for the compilation of a C. of o. c. l., proposals were put forward in the preparatory meetings of the… -
Code of the Alliance (ALLEANZA, CODICE DELLA)
ALLEANZA, CODICE della: v. ESODO. -
Codex (CODICE)
An ancient term denoting a body of writing material — papyrus, parchment, waxed tablet — gathered into quires. Seneca (De brevit. vitae, XVIII, 4) defined it… -
Codex Fuldensis (FULDENSE, CODICE)
FULDENSE, CODICE: v. VOLGATA. -
Codex Gregorianus
This was the name given to a collection of Roman imperial constitutions made in the age of Diocletian, as follows from the attribution of the greater number of… -
Codex Hermogenianus
It is a private collection of imperial constitutions compiled, as most scholars believe, between 314 and 323 A.D., since certain constitutions issued by the… -
Codex Iuris Canonici
This is the name given to the code, promulgated in 1917, containing the universal law of the Latin Church. SUMMARY: I. Necessity of the codification. - II.… -
Codex Theodosianus
This is the title of the great official collection of Roman imperial constitutions, ordered by the emperor Theodosius II and published on 15 February 438 A.D.… -
Codicil (CODICILLO)
CODICILLO: v. TESTAMENTO. -
Codronchi, Antonio
Bishop, b. at Imola on 8 Aug. 1748, d. at Ravenna on 16 Jan. 1826. Pius VI sent him to Turin in 1777 as internuncio and on 14 Feb. 1785 appointed him bishop of… -
Codronchi, Giovanni Battista
Italian physician, b. at Imola in 1547, d. in 1628. He studied at the University of Bologna and practiced in his native town, where he held very important… -
Coducci, Mauro detto Moro (Moretto)
Architect, b. at Lenna in Val Brembana around 1440, d. in 1504. He appears active in Venice for the first time in 1468 for the construction of S. Michele on… -
Coeducation (COEDUCAZIONE)
COEDUCAZIONE: v. COLLEGIATE EDUCATION; COEDUCATION. > (photo Alinari) > CODUCCI, MAURO - Facade of the church of S. Zaccaria (1477), continued on the base… -
Coeffeteau, Nicolas
Dominican archbishop and polemicist, b. at Château-du-Loir in 1574, d. at Paris on 21 April 1623. He took the habit at Le Mans (1588), was sent to Paris to the… -
Coelde, Theodoric (COELDE, THEODORICH)
Preacher, ascetical writer and author of hymns, b. around 1435 at Münster, d. at Louvain on 11 Dec. 1515, called Dietrich von Münster or von Osnabrück, the… -
Coelho, Antonio
Liturgist, b. in Braga on 24 May 1892, d. in Singeverga on 20 Dec. 1938. A Benedictine monk, he spent some years of study in the abbeys of Maredsous and… -
Coello, Claudio
Spanish painter and architect, b. in Madrid, baptized on 2 March 1642, d. there on 20 April 1693. A pupil in his homeland of Francesco Rizi, he was… -
Coena Domini (In)
COENA DOMINI (IN): v. BULLA IN COENA DOMINI. -
Coenobium
International review of free studies, founded in 1907 in Lugano, but printed in Italy, under the direction of G. Renzi. It gathered around itself the most… -
Coercion (COSTRIZIONE)
COSTRIZIONE : v. VIOLENZA. -
Coercion and Coercibility (COAZIONE E COERCIBILITÀ)
The generic and common concept of coazione (coercion) is the opposite of spontaneity, and indicates what is contrary to the natural tendency of the subject. In… -
Coexistence (COABITAZIONE)
From the earliest centuries the Church forbade the cohabitation of clerics with women, unless they were close relatives or otherwise gave no occasion for any… -
Coghetti, Francesco
Painter, b. in Bergamo on 20 July 1802, d. in Rome on 21 Apr. 1875. After studying under Diotti, he followed Camuccini in Rome and from then on was part of the… -
Cogitativa
In Thomist psychology the c. is that one among the internal senses which collaborates most directly with the intellect; and whose object is indicated in the… -
Cognation (COGNAZIONE)
In Roman law this name indicated, as opposed to agnation (v.), the tie existing between persons descended from the same stock, especially if procreated from… -
Cohausz, Otto (COHAUSS, OTTO)
German Jesuit, apologetic and ascetic writer, b. at Nordwalde (Westphalia) on 8 Sept. 1872, d. at Danzig on 3 June 1938. He had been engaged in commerce before… -
Cohen, Hermann
German philosopher, b. at Goswig on July 4, 1842, d. at Berlin on Apr. 4, 1918. He taught from 1879 to 1912 at the University of Marburg and then until his… -
Cohort (COORTE)
Group of soldiers (about 600), forming the tenth part of a Roman legion. In the New Testament the term (σπείρα, cohors) is not always used in a strictly… -
Coimbatore (Coimbatur), Diocese of (COIMBATORE (COIMBATUR), DIOCESI DI)
On 16 March 1845 the pro-vicariate of C. was detached from the apostolic vicariate of the Coromandel Coast, then elevated in 1850 to an apostolic vicariate and… -
Coimbra, Diocese of (COIMBRA, DIOCESI DI)
In Portugal, it extends over 5,300 sq km and has 571,256 inhabitants, of whom 547,428 are Catholics; it has 254 parishes, served by 252 secular priests and 10… -
Coimbra, Leonardo
Portuguese philosopher and politician, b. in the district of Felgueiras on 30 Dec. 1883, d. in an automobile accident in the Serra de Baltar on 2 Jan. 1936. A… -
Coindre, André
Priest, b. in Lyon on 26 Feb. 1787, d. there on 30 May 1826. At the seminary of Argentières he was noted for intelligence and piety. Ordained a priest in 1812… -
Cola dell'Amatrice
Nicola Filotesio, called dell'Amatrice after his birthplace, an Abruzzese painter and architect. He lived most of his life in Ascoli Piceno, in the first half… -
Cola di Rienzo
Born in Rome in 1313, died there following a riot on 8 Oct. 1354. He was a notary and a man of no small classical culture, even if acquired and retained in a… -
Colbert de Croissy, Charles-Joachim
Bishop of Montpellier, Jansenist, b. in Paris on 11 June 1667, d. at Montpellier on 8 Apr. 1738. He studied at the Sorbonne, and in 1696 was appointed bishop… -
Colbert, Jean Baptiste
COLBERT, JEAN BAPTISTE: v. MERCANTILISMO. -
Colecchi, Ottavio
Philosopher, b. at Pescocostanzo (Aquila) on 18 Oct. 1773, d. at Naples on 25 Aug. 1847. Ordained a priest in the Dominican Order, he later left it to move to… -
Colenso, John William
Anglican missionary and bishop, b. in Cornwall, England, on 24 Jan. 1814, d. at Natal on 20 June 1883. After completing his studies at Cambridge, he was… -
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor
English poet, b. at Ottery St Mary on 21 Oct. 1772, d. in London on 25 July 1834. He studied at Cambridge, conceived a communist experiment (Pantisocracy), and… -
Colet, John
English theologian, humanist and educator, b. in 1467 (?), d. in 1519. The desire to escape from the Middle Ages drove him, not yet thirty years old, to a… -
Colette (Coellet or Boylet, Nicolette), Saint (COLETTA (COELLET O BOYLET, NICOLETTE), SANTA)
Foundress of the Poor Clares known as Colettines, b. at Calceye, near Corbie, on 13 January 1381, d. at Ghent on 6 March 1447. At the age of 21 she became a… -
Coligny, Gaspard de
Famous French Huguenot general of the 16th century, b. at Châtillon-sur-Loing in 1519 and d. in Paris on 24 Aug. 1572. His father, marshal of France, died when… -
Colima, Diocese of (COLIMA, DIOCESI DI)
In the Republic of Mexico, suffragan of Guadalajara, erected by Leo XIII on 11 Dec. 1896, with the constitution Si principum, by dismemberment of the… -
Colin, Elie
French missionary and astronomer, b. at Graulhet (Tarn) on 28 Nov. 1852, d. at Tanariva on 11 Apr. 1923. He entered the Jesuit novitiate at Toulouse in 1870.… -
Colini, Ludovico
Franciscan theologian, commonly called L. da Castelplanio, b. at Castelplanio (Ancona) on 31 March 1830, d. at Rome on 19 Dec. 1874. Having taken the habit of… -
Colin, Jean-Claude, Venerable (COLIN, JEAN-CLAUDE, VENERABILE)
Founder of the Society of Mary (Marist Fathers), b. at St-Bonnet-le-Troncy (Lyons) on 7 Aug. 1790, d. on 15 Nov. 1875 at Notre-Dame-de-la-Neylière, near the… -
Colivi
In the Byzantine rite this word designates a kind of sweet, made mainly of cooked wheat or rice, with the addition of raisins, pomegranate seeds, almonds or… -
Collado, Diego
Dominican, b. at Majadas (Spain), d. in a shipwreck in 1641. Having reached the Philippines in 1611, in 1619 he was sent to Japan, where persecution was… -
Collatio Legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum
Anonymous pamphlet that compares, in 16 titles, articles of the Old Testament, especially on criminal matters, with the similar provisions of Roman law…