Pomponazzi (Pompacius, de Pomponacis), Maestro Pietro(POMPONAZZI (POMPACIUS, DE POMPONACIIS), MAESTRO PIETRO)Vol. IX, p. 1036 POMPONAZZI (Pompacius, de Pomponaciis), MAESTRO PIETRO. — Aristotelian philosopher, born at Mantua on 16 September 1462, son of Gian Niccolò, died at Bologna…
Pomponia GrecinaVol. IX, p. 1037 POMPONIA GRECINA. - A Roman noblewoman, wife of Aulo Plauzio. According to the testimony of Tacito (Annal., XIII, 32), around A.D. 58, “superstitionis externae…
PomposaVol. IX, p. 1037 POMPOSA. - È un piccolo centro del comune di Codigoro (Ferrara) appartenente alla diocesi di POMPOSA - Scenes from the Apocalypse. Detail of the frescoes of…
Ponce, Diocese of(PONCE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1039 PONCE, DIOCESI of. — City and diocese of Central America on the island of Puerto Rico; immediately subject to the Holy See. It has an area of 1,200 sq. km.,…
Poncelet, AlbertVol. IX, p. 1039 PONCELET, ALBERT. — Jesuit, hagiographer, born in Liège on 30 August 1861, died in Montpellier on 19 January 1912. He entered the Order in 1878 and was…
Poncius (Ponce), JohnVol. IX, p. 1039 PONCIUS (PONCE), JOHN. — Franciscan Scotist theologian, born in Cork (Ireland) in 1603, died in Paris ca. 1672. He completed his philosophical studies at…
Pondicherry, Archdiocese of(PONDICHÉRY, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1039 PONDICHÉRY, ARCHDIOCESE of. — In the colony of P., founded by French merchants in 1674, the Capuchins of Madras established themselves in 1677; they also…
Ponens (Ponente)(PONENTE (PONENS))Vol. IX, p. 1040 PONENTE (ponens). — A designation applied particularly to prelates entrusted with reporting on causes or affairs dealt with before the tribunals or…
Ponta Grossa, Diocese of(PONTA GROSSA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1040 PONTA GROSSA, DIOCESE of. – City and diocese in the State of Paraná, Brazil. It has an area of 40,000 sq km and a population of 350,000 inhabitants, of whom…
Pontano, GiovanniVol. IX, p. 1040 PONTANO, GIOVANNI. — Humanist and poet, later calling himself Gioviano because of the planet under which he was born and the character he believed he had…
Pontecorvo, Diocese of(PONTECORVO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1041 PONTECORVO, DIOCESI di: v. AQUINO, SORA, PONTECORVO, DIOCESI di.
Pontelli, Bartolomeo, detto BaccioVol. IX, p. 1042 PONTELLI, BARTOLOMEO, called BACCIO. — Architect and woodworker, born in Florence before 1450, died in Urbino after 1494. A pupil of Francione, he is mentioned…
Pontian, Pope(PONZIANO, PAPA)Vol. IX, p. 1052 PONZIANO, papa, santo, martire - Epitaffio marmoreo (sec. III) con il monogramma Martyr, aggiunto - Roma, cimitero di S. Callisto. più volte ristampata, e in…
Pontianak, Apostolic Vicariate of(PONTIANAK, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. IX, p. 1042 PONTIANAK, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. — It is situated in the central-western part of Borneo, formerly Dutch (Indonesia). The present-day mission began on 11…
Pontifex Maximus(PONTEFICE MASSIMO)Vol. IX, p. 1041 PONTEFICE MASSIMO. — In the religious constitution of ancient Rome, the college of pontiffs was charged with supervising the entire body of the national…
Pontifical(PONTIFICALE)Vol. IX, p. 1047 PONTIFICALE. – This is the liturgical book containing the description (rubrics) and the formularies of the functions normally reserved to the bishop…
Pontifical Aid Work(ASSISTENZA, OPERA PONTIFICIA)Vol. II, p. 131 ASSISTENZA, OPERA PONTIFICIA: v. PONTIFICIA COMMISSIONE ASSISTENZA.
Pontifical Archiatra (Archiatros)(ARCHIATRA (ARCHIATRO) PONTIFICIO)Vol. I, p. 1070 PONTIFICAL ARCHIATRA (ARCHIATRO). — He is the Pope’s private or confidential physician. The absence of any reference to this designation in the papal yearbooks…
Pontifical Audiences(UDIENZE PONTIFICIE)Vol. XII, p. 436 UDIENZE PONTIFICIE: v. TABELLA, UDIENZE di.
Pontifical Chapel(CAPPELLA PONTIFICIA)Vol. III, p. 430 CAPPELLA PONTIFICIA. – This name is generally used collectively to designate the dignitaries who ordinarily take part in the solemn sacred functions performed…
Pontifical Commission for Assistance(PONTIFICIA COMMISSIONE ASSISTENZA)Vol. IX, p. 1049 PONTIFICIA COMMISSIONE ASSISTENZA: V. COMMISSIONI PONTIFICIE.
Pontifical Commissions(COMMISSIONI PONTIFICE)Vol. IV, p. 58 PONTIFICAL COMMISSIONS. — From the designation itself it is clear that through them the Supreme Pontiff entrusts certain experts with a special task concerning…
Pontifical Equestrian Orders(ORDINI EQUESTRI PONTIFICI)Vol. IX, p. 174 PONTIFICAL EQUESTRIAN ORDERS. — These are the corporations established by the Roman pontiffs for the purpose of rewarding persons deserving of recognition for…
Pontifical Family(FAMIGLIA PONTIFICIA)Vol. V, p. 610 PONTIFICAL FAMILY. — This is the family, in the broad sense, of the Roman Pontiff, as head of the entire Church, and therefore invested with sovereign…
Pontifical Gendarmerie(GENDARMERIA PONTIFICIA)Vol. V, p. 1183 PONTIFICAL GENDARMERIE. — It is one of the corps of the Pontifical armed forces. The institution of the Pontifical Gendarmerie, through the corps of the…
Pontifical Law(JUS PONTIFICIUM)Vol. VII, p. 400 JUS PONTIFICIUM. – Title of the quarterly journal founded in Rome in 1921 by the Rev. Alberto Toso (author of a highly regarded commentary on the CIC), devoted…
Pontifical Law of Propaganda Fide(JUS PONTIFICIUM DE PROPAGANDA FIDE)Vol. VII, p. 400 JUS PONTIFICIUM DE PROPAGANDA FIDE. – This is the collection of documents concerning the missions compiled by the Lazarist bishop Raffaele De Martinis…
Pontifical Missionary Works(OPERE PONTIFICIE MISSIONARIE)Vol. IX, p. 123 OPERE PONTIFICIE MISSIONARIE — Two pages from a notebook of Fr. Chaumont, with the names of the members of the first two “tens” of the Work of the Propagation…
Pontifical Noble Guard(GUARDIA NOBILE PONTIFICIA)Vol. VI, p. 720 GUARDIA NOBILE PONTIFICIA. — It is the first, in order of precedence, of the Papal armed corps. The G. n. p. were established by Pius VII by motu proprio of 11…
Pontifical Protectorate(PROTETTORIA PONTIFICIA)Vol. X, p. 127 PONTIFICAL PROTECTORATE. — The pontifical protectorate is a particular form of protection by the Roman Pontiff extended to religious Orders, abbeys, religious…
Pontifical Society of Saint Francis Xavier for Foreign Missions(PIA SOCIETÀ SAN FRANCESCO SAVERIO PER LE MISSIONI ESTERE)Vol. IX, p. 801 PIUS SOCIETY OF SAINT FRANCIS XAVIER FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS. - It was founded by the Servant of God Guido M. Conforti, in Parma, in 1895. The religious…
Pontifical Swiss Guard(GUARDIA SVIZZERA PONTIFICIA)Vol. VI, p. 721 GUARDIA SVIZZERA PONTIFICIA. — This is a corps of Swiss soldiers serving in Vatican City (Cohors pedestris Helvetiorum a sacra custodia Pontificis). As early…
Pontifical Work of the Holy Childhood(SANTA INFANZIA, OPERA PONTIFICIA DELLA)Vol. X, p. 1082 HOLY CHILDHOOD, PONTIFICAL WORK of: v. OPERE PONTIFICIE MISSIONARIE, III. O. p. della S. Infanzia.
Pontifical Yearbook(ANNUARIO PONTIFICIO)Vol. I, p. 839 PONTIFICAL YEARBOOK. — Official repertory of the hierarchy of the Catholic Church, the Roman Curia, and the papal court, compiled annually at the Secretariat…
Pontius, Basilio (Legionensis, Ponce de León)Vol. IX, p. 1049 PONTIUS, BASILIO (Legionensis, PONCE de LEÓN). - Augustinian theologian, b. at Granata on 6 Sept. 1596, d. at Salamanca on 28 Aug. 1629. He taught theology at…
Pontormo, Jacopo Carucci (Carrucci), detto ilVol. IX, p. 1049 PONTORMO, JACOPO CARUCCI (CARRUCCI), known as Il. - Florentine painter, b. 24 May 1494 near Empoli, d. in Florence in 1557. Son of Bartolomeo di Jacopo di…
Pontremoli, Diocese of(PONTREMOLI, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1050 PONTREMOLI, DIOCESE of. — It is the northernmost of the four dioceses of Lunigiana and extends its jurisdiction over the upper and, partially, middle Val di…
Ponza di San Martino, GustavoVol. IX, p. 1051 PONZA DI SAN MARTINO, GUSTAVO. - Statesman, born at Cuneo on 6 Jan. 1810, died at Dronero on 6 Sept. 1876. Having entered the administrative career at a young…
Ponziano, Cemetery of(PONZIANO, CIMITERO DI)Vol. IX, p. 1051 PONZIANO, CIMITERO di. — It is situated on the right of the Via Portuense, with an entrance from the Monteverde hill, at Via Alessandro Poerio 57. It is…
Ponziano, Pope, Saint, Martyr(PONZIANO, PAPA, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. IX, p. 1052 PONZIANO, POPE, saint, martyr. — According to the Liberian Catalogue and the Liber Pontificalis, P. was a Roman, the son of a certain Calpurnius; he was pope…
PonzioVol. IX, p. 1052 PONZIO. - Biographer of s. Cipriano. Some thirty codices have transmitted a work narrating the life of s. Cipriano from his Baptism to his election as bishop,…
Pool of Bethesda(PISCINA PROBATICA)Vol. IX, p. 950 PISCINA PROBATICA : v. PARALITICO; PROBATICA PISCINA.
Poole (Pole, Polus), MatthewVol. IX, p. 1053 POOLE (POLE, POLUS), MATTHEW. — Puritan minister and biblical commentator, b. at York in 1624, d. at Amsterdam in 1679. Admitted to Emmanuel College,…
Poona, Diocese of(POONA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1053 POONA, diocese of. — In central-southern India. The territory initially belonged to the apostolic vicariate of Bombay; on 8 March 1854 it was divided into the…
Poor Brothers of Saint Francis Seraphic(FRATELLI POVERI DI SAN FRANCESCO SERAFICO)Vol. V, p. 1023 POOR BROTHERS OF ST FRANCIS SERAPHIC. – They were founded by Fr. Giovanni Hover (1816–64) at Aachen in 1861 under the influence of the ven. Francesca…
Poor Clares(CLARISSE)Vol. III, p. 1030 POOR CLARES. - The name of the Second Order founded by s. Francesco d'Assisi with s. Chiara d'Assisi in 1212 and, at first, propagated especially by card.…
Poor Clares(MONACHE POVERE CLARISSE)Vol. VIII, p. 746 MONACHE POVERE CLARISSE. — The Institute arose through the union of the independent Communities of Poor Clares existing in Newry, Cavan, Keady, and…
Poor Daughters Of Saint Anthony(POVERE FIGLIE DI SANT'ANTONIA)Vol. IX, p. 1112 POVERE FIGLIE DI SANT'ANTONIA. — Religious institute founded by Sister Miradio della Provvidenza di S. Gaetano (Giulia Bonifacio), a former Alcantarine nun, at…
Poor Daughters of Saint Joseph Calasanctius (Florence)(FIGLIE POVERE DI SAN GIUSEPPE CA-LASANZIO (FIRENZE))Vol. V, p. 772 FIGLIE POVERE DI SAN GIUSEPPE CA-LASANZIO (Firenze). — On 24 June 1889, the archbishop of Siena, Mons. Zini, a Piarist, clothed the first five poor Calasanzian…
Poor Daughters of the Stigmata of Saint Francis(POVERE FIGLIE DELLE STIMMATE DI SAN FRANCESCO)Vol. IX, p. 1112 POVERE FIGLIE DELLE STIMMATE DI SAN FRANCESCO. — Founded in Florence in 1848 by Anna Lapini dei Fiorelli. Purpose: free Christian and religious education for…
Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ(POVERE ANCELLE DI GESÙ CRISTO)Vol. IX, p. 1112 POVERE ANCELLE DI GESÙ CRISTO. – Religious institute founded at Dernbach (Hesse) in 1848 by Maria Caterina Kasper for the instruction and education of young…
Poor Handmaids of the Mother of God(POVERE ANCELLE DELLA MADRE DI DIO)Vol. IX, p. 1112 POOR HANDMAIDS OF THE MOTHER OF GOD. – Institute founded in Westminster (England) in 1868 by the devout lady Maria Maddalena Taylor. The purpose proposed by…
Poor Lombards(POVERI LOMBARDI)Vol. IX, p. 1113 POVERI LOMBARDI. – Heretical sect, widespread in Lombardy, arising through separation from the Poor of Lyon or Waldensians. Already in the earliest period of…
Poor School Sisters Of The Third Order Of Saint Francis(POVERE SUORE SCOLASTICHE DEL TERZ'ORDINE DI SAN FRANCESCO)Vol. IX, p. 1113 POOR SCHOOL SISTERS OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST FRANCIS. - Founded by d. Sebastiano Schwarz, parish priest at Vöcklabruck (diocese of Linz). In 1842 he began to…
Poor Sisters of Buenos Aires of Saint Joseph(POVERE SUORE BONAERENSI DI SAN GIUSEPPE)Vol. IX, p. 1112 POVERE SUORE BONAERENSI DI SAN GIUSEPPE. - The Institute was founded on 28 January 1880, when Mother Camila Rolón, with the approval of the archbishop of…
Poor Sisters of Nazareth(POVERE SUORE DI NAZARET)Vol. IX, p. 1113 POVERE SUORE DI NAZARET. – In 1850 Cardinal Wiseman, Archbishop of Westminster, conceived the idea of a hospice for the elderly similar to the French ones of…
Poor Sisters of Saint Francis(POVERE SUORE DI SAN FRANCESCO)Vol. IX, p. 1113 POOR SISTERS OF SAINT FRANCIS. - A religious institute founded in Aachen by Francesca Schervier, who, in 1845, joined with four other young women in placing…
Poor Sisters Of Saint Francis Of Perpetual Adoration(POVERE SUORE DI SAN FRANCESCO DELL'ADORAZIONE PERPETUA)Vol. IX, p. 1113 POVERE SUORE DI SAN FRANCESCO DELL'ADORAZIONE PERPETUA. — Institute founded on 20 December 1860 at Olpe (Diocese of Paderborn) by Teresa Bonzel. Within a…
Poor Sisters Of The Immaculate Virgin Mary(POVERE SUORE DELL'IMMACOLATA VERGINE MARIA)Vol. IX, p. 1113 POVERE SUORE DELL'IMMACOLATA VERGINE MARIA. – Founded by Giovanni Schneider, parish priest of S. Mattia in Breslavia, in 1854. Its initial purpose was the…
Poor Sisters of the Schools of Our Lady (Budweis)(POVERE SUORE DELLE SCUOLE DI NOSTRA SIGNORA (BUDWEIS))Vol. IX, p. 1112 POOR SISTERS OF THE SCHOOLS OF OUR LADY (BUDWEIS). - Fr Gabriele Schneider, chaplain of Hirschau (diocese of Budweis in Bohemia), around 1848 conceived the…
Poor Sisters of the Schools of Our Lady (Munich)(POVERE SUORE DELLE SCUOLE DI NOSTRA SIGNORA (MONACO))Vol. IX, p. 1112 POVERE SUORE DELLE SCUOLE DI NOSTRA SIGNORA (MONACO). – The Institute was founded in Regensburg in 1833 through the efforts of Msgr. G. M. Wittmann, parish…
Poor Teaching Sisters of Our Lady(POVERE SUORE INSEGNANTI DI NOSTRA SIGNORA)Vol. IX, p. 1113 POVERE SUORE INSEGNANTI DI NOSTRA SIGNORA. – In 1860 the bishop of Colocza, Giuseppe Kunszt, summoned to his diocese some of the P. S. of the Schools of Our…
Popayán, Archdiocese of(POPAYÁN, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1053 POPAYÁN, ARCHDIOCESE of. - City and archdiocese in the Republic of Colombia, department of Cauca. The archdiocese covers an area of 30,000 sq. km., with a…
Pope(PAPA)Vol. IX, p. 476 PAPA. — From the Greek πάππας, πάπας (= father), an honorific title now reserved in the Catholic Church for the Supreme Pontiff. SUMMARY: I. Origin of the…
Pope, AlessandroVol. IX, p. 1053 POPE, ALESSANDRO. - English poet, b. in London on 21 May 1688, d. at Twickenham on 30 May 1744. He began his poetic career at a very early age with the…
PoplifugiaVol. IX, p. 1053 POPLIFUGIA. — Feast of 5 July in the oldest Roman calendar, the only one that preceded the Nonae of a month. Separated from the Nonae Caprotinae by the…
Popol VuhVol. IX, p. 1054 POPOL VUH. - The P. V. (= national book) may be regarded as the Bible of the Quiché Maya (v. MAYA, religione dei). It deals with subjects concerning cosmogony,…
Poppe, EdwardVol. IX, p. 1057 POPPE, EDWARD. - Priest, promoter of the Eucharistic Crusade, b. at Temache on the Scheldt on 18 Dec. 1890, d. at Moerzeke (Vlaanderen) on 10 June 1924.…
Poppea (Poppaea Sabina)Vol. IX, p. 1057 POPPEA (Poppaea Sabina). - Nero’s favourite, daughter of T. Ollius, of extraordinary beauty and intelligence, but licentious and shameless, she married Rufinus…
Poppo, Saint(POPPONE, SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 1057 POPPONE, saint. – Benedictine abbot, born in 978 of a noble Flemish family, died at Marchiennes on 25 January 1048. He was one of the most capable…
Popular Iconography(ICONOGRAFIA POPOLARE)Vol. VI, p. 902 POPULAR ICONOGRAPHY. – Sacred images have also been represented in ways suited to the taste, beliefs, and needs of the common people, either by inexperienced…
Popular Religious Festivals(FESTE RELIGIOSE POPOLARI)Vol. V, p. 729 FESTE RELIGIOSE POPOLARI. — Not outside the Church, but alongside it and together with it, the people have created and preserved interesting manifestations…
Popular Union(UNIONE POPOLARE)Vol. XII, p. 525 UNIONE POPOLARE. — Association formed among the Catholics of Italy, after the dissolution of the Opera dei Congressi (v.), in order to gather, according to the…
Population(POPOLAZIONE)Vol. IX, p. 1054 POPULATION. — It is the totality of all the inhabitants of a country, a region, a city, etc. Its size and composition vary incessantly as a result of births…
PopuloniaVol. IX, p. 1057 POPULONIA. - Ancient Etruscan city (Pupluna) and ancient diocese on the promontory of Piombino near Porto Baratti; it was a Roman municipality but already in…
Porcacci (Porcatius), FilippoVol. IX, p. 1058 PORCACCI (Porcatius), FILIPPO. — Scotist philosopher and theologian of the Friars Minor Conventual, born at Bagnacavallo (Ravenna), died at Rome, at SS.…
Porcari, StefanoVol. IX, p. 1058 PORCARI, STEFANO. — Born at the beginning of the 15th century in Rome, he died in Rome on 9 January 1453. In 1427 he is found in Florence, as captain of the…
Porcelain(PORCELLANA)Vol. IX, p. 1058 PORCELAIN. - It is one of the great classes into which ceramic products are divided (v.). Its body is artificially compounded cold from the ternary base of…
Porcia (de Purlileis, di Porciglia)Vol. IX, p. 1060 PORCIA (de Purlileis, di PORCIGLIA). — A feudal family of the Patriarchate of Aquileia, it possessed its estates between the Tagliamento and the Livenza and…
Porcio, Festo(FESTO PORCIO)Vol. V, p. 730 FESTO PORCIO: v. PORCIO FESTO.
Porcius Festus(PORCIO FESTO)Vol. IX, p. 1060 PORCIUS FESTUS. – Procurator of Judaea from 60 to 61–62 A.D. (U. Holzmeister’s dates), of whom Acts 24:27–27:1 speaks. He is praised for his judgment and…
Porete, Marguerite(PORETE, MARGHERITA)Vol. IX, p. 1061 PORETE, MARGHERITA. - Heretical Beguine, born in Hainaut (diocese of Cambrai), died at the stake in Paris on 1 June 1310. She was the author of a mystical…
Poreč, Diocese of(PARENZO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 525 PARENZO, DIOCESI di. – Town and diocese on the western coast of Istria, formerly in the province of Pola. First a Roman municipium, then a colony under…
Pornography(PORNOGRAFIA)Vol. IX, p. 1062 PORNOGRAPHY. — From the Greek πονύγραφος, painter or writer of prostitution. According to the etymological meaning of the word, it denotes obscenity exhibited…
Porphyry(PORFIRIO)Vol. IX, p. 1062 PORFIRIO. — Philosopher, born in 232–33 A.D., probably at Tyre (Vita Plotini, VII), or perhaps at Batanea, an obscure land of Syria or Palestine, as might be…
Porpora, Nicola AntonioVol. IX, p. 1063 PORPORA, NICOLA ANTONIO. - Composer and teacher, b. in Napoli on 19 Aug. 1686, d. there on 12 Feb. 1766. He studied music at the Conservatorio dei Poveri di…
Porres, Martín de, Blessed(PORRES, MARTÍN DE, BEATO)Vol. IX, p. 1063 PORRES, MARTÍN de, blessed. - Dominican lay brother, b. at Lima on 9 Dec. 1579, d. there on 3 Nov. 1639. A black mulatto, Bl. M. was the son of a noble Spanish…
Porro, Giovanni Angelo, Blessed(PORRO, GIOVANNI ANGELO, BEATO)Vol. IX, p. 1063 PORRO, GIOVANNI ANGELO, blessed. - Servite, born in Milan around 1450 of a noble family, died there on 24 October 1506. At the age of fifteen he entered the…
Porsch, FelixVol. IX, p. 1063 PORSCH, FELIX. - German Catholic politician, b. at Ratibor on 30 Apr. 1853, d. at Breslavia on 8 Dec. 1930. A lawyer and counsellor of the episcopal…
Port Elizabeth, Diocese of(PORT ELIZABETH, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1067 PORT ELIZABETH, DIOCESE of. – In the eastern region of the Union of South Africa. It was erected on 30 July 1847 as the apostolic vicariate of the Cape of Good…
Port Moresby, Apostolic Vicariate of(PORT MORESBY, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. IX, p. 1069 PORT MORESBY, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. — Situated in Australian New Guinea (Papussia). On 19 July 1844, the apostolic vicariate of Western Oceania was divided…
Port of Spain, Archdiocese of(PORTO DI SPAGNA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1070 PORTO DI SPAGNA, ARCIDIOCESI di. – It is situated in the British West Indies and has its see on the island of Trinidad; it comprises the Windward or Leeward…
Port Pirie, Diocese of(PORT PIRIE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1086 PORT PIRIE, DIOCESE of. — On 13 May 1887, the northern territory was detached from the diocese of Adelaide (Australia), and the diocese of Port Augusta was…
Port Victoria, Diocese of(PORT VICTORIA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1088 PORT VICTORIA, DIOCESI di: v. SEYCHELLES, DIOCESI di.
Port-au-Prince (Porto Principe), Archdiocese of(PORTO PRINCIPE (PORT-AU-PRINCE), ARCIDIQUESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1084 PORTO PRINCIPE (PORT-AU-PRINCE), ARCHDIOCESE OF. - Archdiocese and capital city of the Republic of Haiti in Central America. Its suffragans are the dioceses of…
Port-de-Paix, Diocese of(PORTO PACE (PORT-DE-PAIX), DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1084 PORTO PACE (PORT-DE-PAIX), DIOCESE of. – City and diocese of the Republic of Haiti, suffragan of the archdiocese of Porto Principe, capital of the Noroeste…
Port-RoyalVol. IX, p. 1086 PORT-ROYAL. — Cistercian monastery founded in 1204 and elevated to an abbey in 1212, famous in the seventeenth century as a center of Jansenism (v. GIANSENIO e…
Porta, Ardicino I DellaVol. IX, p. 1064 PORTA, ARDICINO I della. — Cardinal, born at Suno (Novara) in an unknown year, died in Rome on 9 April 1434. A doctor of both laws, he had a family before…
Porta, Ardicino II DellaVol. IX, p. 1064 PORTA, ARDICINO II della. - Cardinal, nephew of the preceding, b. at Suno (Novara) c. 1434, d. at Rome on 4 March 1493. He entered the ecclesiastical career at…
Porta, CarloVol. IX, p. 1065 PORTA, CARLO. – Poet, born in Milan on 15 June 1776, died there on 5 January 1821. He lived always in his native city, employed at the Intendancy of Finance,…
Porta, CostanzoVol. IX, p. 1065 PORTA, COSTANZO. - Conventual Franciscan, musician, born in Cremona in 1505, died in Padua on May 26, 1601. He was subsequently director, often also founder or…
Porta, Simone (Porzio, Portius, Porcius)Vol. IX, p. 1065 PORTA, SIMONE (PORZIO, Portius, Porcius). - Aristotelian philosopher, born in Naples in 1496, died there in 1554. His main works are: De mente humana…
Portal(PORTA)Vol. IX, p. 1063 PORTA. — In antiquity, alongside the monumental type, already present in Egyptian and Assyrian civilization and destined in the imperial period to develop into…
Portalegre, Diocese of(PORTALEGRE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1065 PORTALEGRE, DIOCESE of. — The diocese of P. is situated northeast of Lisbon, almost on the frontier with Spain, in Portugal. Its episcopal see is in the city…
Portaliès, Eugène(PORTALIÈ, EUGÈNE)Vol. IX, p. 1066 PORTALIÈ, EUGÈNE. - Jesuit, theologian, born at Mende on Jan. 3, 1852, died at Amélie-les-Bains (Toulouse) on Apr. 20, 1909. Having entered the Order in 1867,…
PorticoVol. IX, p. 1067 PORTICO. – The classical type of the p., developed in Greco-Roman art, appears as an elongated rectangular building, open on one of its long sides and closed…
Portio Legitima(PORZIONE LEGITTIMA)Vol. IX, p. 1088 PORZIONE LEGITTIMA: v. SUCCESSIONE EREDITARIA.
Portio Parochialis(PORZIONE PARROCCHIALE)Vol. IX, p. 1088 PARISH PORTION. — The parish portion or canonical portion (called before the CIC the “funerary fourth”) is a sum to be deducted from the emolument offered on…
Portland in Oregon, Archdiocese of(PORTLAND IN OREGON, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1068 PORTLAND IN OREGON, ARCHDIOCESE of. — An archdiocese and city in the State of Oregon, U.S.A. By an indult of the Holy See dated 28 Feb. 1836, the county of…
Portland, Diocese of(PORTLAND, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1068 PORTLAND, diocese of. – Diocese and city in the State of Maine, U.S.A. The diocese was erected by Pius IX on 8 December 1854 for the States of Maine and New…
Porto (Oporto), Diocese of(PORTO (OPORTO), DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1069 PORTO (OPORTO), DIOCESE of. — The diocese of P. or O. is situated in northwestern Portugal, between the dioceses of Braga, Vila Real, Lamego, Viseu, and…
Porto Alegre (Portalegrè nel Brasile), Archdiocese of(PORTALEGRE NEL BRASILE (PORTO ALEGRE), ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1066 PORTALEGRE NEL BRASILE (PORTO ALEGRE), ARCHDIOCESE of. — Capital city and archdiocese in the State of Rio Grande do Sud in Brazil. It has an area of 44,620 sq.…
Porto e Santa Rufina, Diocese of(PORTO E SANTA RUFINA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1084 PORTO e SANTA RUFINA, DIOCESI di. — In Latium, in the province of Rome, it is one of the seven suburbicarian sees held by a cardinal of the Order of Bishops.…
Porto Luigi, Diocese of(PORTO LUIGI, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1083 PORTO LUIGI, DIOCESI di. - The island of Mauritius and the other adjoining islets (S. Brandon, Rodriguez, Agalega, Farguhas, Chagos Archipelago, Diego Garcia,…
Porto Nacional, Diocese of(PORTO NAZIONALE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1084 PORTO NAZIONALE, DIOCESI of. — City and diocese in the State of Goias, Brazil. It has an area of 250,000 sq km and a population of 213,000 inhabitants, of whom…
Portogruaro, Diocese of(PORTOGRUARO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1083 PORTOGRUARO, DIOCESI di. — Recent excavations have brought to light a new burial area with two enclosures, containing quadrangular chambers with three apses,…
Portrait(RITRATTO)Vol. X, p. 590 PORTRAIT. — I. ARCHAEOLOGY. — The portrait was a characteristic feature of Roman art. The Christians had no portraits either of the Savior or of the Blessed…
Portsmouth, Diocese of(PORTSMOUTH, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1087 PORTSMOUTH, DIOCESIS of. — City in England. The diocese (a suffragan of Westminster) was founded in 1882 by the division of the diocese of Southwark. It…
Portugal(PORTOGALLO)Vol. IX, p. 1070 PORTUGAL. - I. GEOGRAPHY. - Portuguese territory constitutes the western margin of the Iberian plateau, which declines toward the coast in plains and terraces,…
Portuguese Society for Catholic Missions(SOCIETÀ PORTOGHESE PER LE MISSIONI CATTOLICHE)Vol. XI, p. 524 PORTUGUESE SOCIETY FOR CATHOLIC MISSIONS. - Its specific purpose is religious assistance and evangelization in the Portuguese overseas dioceses, and also in…
PortunaliaVol. IX, p. 1088 PORTUNALIA. - A festival on 17 August in the oldest Roman calendar, dedicated to the god Portuno, whose character is described by literary evidence in…
Porzio, CamilloVol. IX, p. 1088 PORZIO, CAMILLO. - Historian, b. in Napoli around 1526, d. there in 1580. He wrote La congiura dei baroni del Regno di Napoli contra il re Ferdinando I…
Posadas, Francisco de, Blessed(POSADAS, FRANCISCO DE, BEATO)Vol. IX, p. 1089 POSADAS, FRANCISCO de, blessed. — Spanish Dominican, born in Cordova on 25 November 1644, died there on 20 November 1713. He exercised the apostolate, renewing…
Poseidon (ΠΟΣΕΙΔΏΝ)(POSEIDONE (ΠΟΣΕΙΔΏΝ))Vol. IX, p. 1089 POSEIDONE (Ποσειδών). — God of the waters, whose prerogative seems symbolized by the root common to his name (πόσις, ποντίζω, πάνταμαις; v. H. L. Ahrens, Über…
PositioVol. IX, p. 1089 POSITIO. – It is the writing in which a fact is set forth and affirmed before the authority. In ancient law, p. was called the exposition de plano of the…
Positivism(POSITIVISMO)Vol. IX, p. 1090 POSITIVISM. — Philosophical (scientific, historical) tendency that arose in the 19th century and predominated in its second half (classical p.), but…
Possessio, Presa di(POSSESSO, PRESA DI)Vol. IX, p. 1094 POSSESSION, TAKING OF. — It is one of the subsequent acts by which canonical provision is carried out. I. GENERAL CONCEPT. – To prevent harmful uncertainties…
PossessoVol. IX, p. 1092 POSSESSO. — It is a state of fact protected by law—which attaches particular legal consequences to it—whereby a material object or the exercise of a right is…
Possevino, AntonioVol. IX, p. 1096 POSSEVINO, ANTONIO. — Jesuit, diplomat, born at Mantua on 10 July 1533, died at Ferrara on 26 February 1611. Having gone to Rome in 1550, he was chosen as…
PossibilitàVol. IX, p. 1097 POSSIBILITÀ. – In the logical sense, possible is that which, once posited, has no absurd consequence; it is that which can be and not be, corresponding in the…
Possidius, Saint(POSSIDIO, SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 1097 POSSIDIO, saint. — Biographer of s. Agostino, he was among the first disciples who gathered around the Saint in the monastery founded by him at Hippo shortly…
Post, Albert HermannVol. IX, p. 1097 POST, ALBERT HERMANN. - Jurist, b. in Bremen on 8 Oct. 1839, d. there on 25 Aug. 1895. Having completed his legal studies, he was a judge at the Obergericht…
PostcommunioVol. IX, p. 1098 POSTCOMMUNIO. - In the Latin rite (Roman, Ambrosian, Gallican, and Mozarabic), this is the prayer said by the priest after Communion and the singing of the…
Postliminium(POSTLIMINIO)Vol. IX, p. 1098 POSTLIMINIO. – This is an institution characteristic of Roman law which, applied in various ways in intermediate law and canon law, still retains certain…
Postulancy And Postulant(POSTULATO E POSTULANTE)Vol. IX, p. 1099 POSTULATO and POSTULANTE. — In the strict sense, p. is the period of time during which a candidate for religious life is considered as such for juridical…
Postulate(POSTULATO)Vol. IX, p. 1098 POSTULATE. — From Lat. postulare (to request; Gr. αἰτησίω), it is a proposition (v.) that is admitted as true without demonstration (v.) and whose affirmation…
Postulazione and Postulator (in Causes of Beatification and Canonization)(POSTULAZIONE E POSTULATORE (NELLE CAUSE DI BEATIFICAZIONE E CANONIZZAZIONE))Vol. IX, p. 1100 POSTULATION and POSTULATOR (IN CAUSES OF BEATIFICATION AND CANONIZATION). — By postulation is understood the function of one who legitimately promotes a cause…
Potamiaena And Basilides, Saints, Martyrs(POTAMIENA E BASILIDE, SANTI, MARTIRI)Vol. IX, p. 1102 POTAMIENA and BASILIDE, saints, martyrs. - They are commemorated in the Martyrologies, respectively on 28 and 30 June, but they belong to the group of Plutarco…
Potamion, Bishop of Heraclea, Saint(POTAMIONE, VESCOVO DI ERACLEA, SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 1102 POTAMIONE, bishop of ERACLEA, saint. - In the Hieronymian Martyrology he is commemorated on 18 May as a martyr of the pagan persecutions and is called a…
Potamius(POTAMIO)Vol. IX, p. 1102 POTAMIO. – First bishop of Lisbon, died in 360. As in the case of Priscillian, a critical disagreement exists regarding P.’s literary personality between the…
PotenzaVol. IX, p. 1102 POTENZA: V. ATTO E POTENZA.
Potenza e Marsico Nuovo, Diocese of(POTENZA E MARSICO NUOVO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1103 POTENZA AND MARSICO NUOVO, DIOCESE OF. – P. is the capital of Basilicata: the Cathedral is under the invocation of s. Gerardo, suffragan of Acerenza and…
Pothier, JosephVol. IX, p. 1106 POTHIER, JOSEPH. — Benedictine of the Congregation of Solesmes, born at Bouzemont (Vosges) on 7 December 1835, died at St-Wandrille on 8 December 1923. Dom…
Pothier, Robert-JosephVol. IX, p. 1106 POTHIER, ROBERT-JOSEPH. — Jurist, born at Orléans on 9 January 1699, died there on 2 March 1772. Having completed his initial studies in his native city at a…
Potij, IpatijVol. IX, p. 1109 POTIJ, IPATIJ. - Bishop of Volodymyr-Berest and later metropolitan of Kiev, b. in 1541 and d. at Vilna in 1613. He was a state official at Berest and, in that…
Potino, Saint, Martyr(POTINO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. IX, p. 1109 POTINO, saint, martyr. — He is commemorated in the Roman Martyrology on 2 June together with the group of martyrs of Lyon of 177. A disciple of St. Polycarp,…
Potosí in Bolivia, Diocese of(POTOSÌ IN BOLIVIA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1109 POTOSÍ IN BOLIVIA, DIOCESE of. - Diocese of Bolivia in South America, suffragan of the archdiocese of Sucre. POTIJ, IPATIJ - Portrait. Painting existing in the…
Potter, MaryVol. IX, p. 1109 POTTER, MARY. – Foundress of the “Little Company of Mary,” born in London on 22 November 1847, died in Rome on 9 April 1913. Having renounced marriage and…
Potthast, AugustVol. IX, p. 1110 POTTHAST, AUGUST. – German historian and bibliographer, born in Höxter (Westphalia) on 13 August 1824, died in Leobschütz (Upper Silesia) on 13 February 1898.…
Pottier, AntoineVol. IX, p. 1110 POTTIER, ANTOINE. — Sociologist, born at Spa (Belgium) on 22 February 1849, died in Rome on 24 November 1923. A boarder at the Collegio Capranica in Rome…
Poulain, Augustin-FrançoisVol. IX, p. 1110 POULAIN, AUGUSTIN-FRANÇOIS. — Jesuit, writer on mysticism, b. at Cherbourg on 15 December 1836, d. in Paris on 19 July 1919. Having entered the Society of…
Poulpiquet, Ambroise deVol. IX, p. 1110 POULPIQUET, AMBROISE de. - Dominican apologist, b. at Lesmel in Plouguerneau (Finistère) on 25 June 1878, d. at Brest on 22 Apr. 1915. He entered religious…
Pouso AlegreVol. IX, p. 1111 POUSO ALEGRE. – City and diocese in the State of Minas Geraes in Brazil. It has a population of 530,000 inhabitants, of whom 525,000 are Catholics, distributed…
Poussin, NicolasVol. IX, p. 1111 POUSSIN, NICOLAS. – French painter, born at Villers in Normandy in 1594, died in Rome on 19 November 1665. Trained in his homeland under the guidance of…
Poveda, PedroVol. IX, p. 1111 POVEDA, PEDRO. - Spanish priest, founder of the Teresian Association, b. 3 Dec. 1874 in (phot. Alinari) POVEDA, PEDRO. - Spanish priest, founder of the…
Poverty(POVERTÀ)Vol. IX, p. 1114 POVERTÀ. — The condition of one who, deprived of what is superfluous and of what is appropriate, and often even of what is necessary for life, is exposed to…
Powder Plot(POLVERI, CONGIURA DELLE)Vol. IX, p. 1029 POLVERI, CONGIURA delle. — Conspiracy to blow up, on 5 November 1605, the English Parliament and, together with its members, King James I. The motive was the…
Powell, Edward, Blessed(POWELL, EDWARD, BEATO)Vol. IX, p. 1116 POWELL, EDWARD, blessed. – Theologian, born ca. 1478 in Wales, he suffered martyrdom on 30 July 1540 in London. A member of Oriel College, Oxford, he held…
Poznań, Archdiocese of(POSNANIA-POZNAŃ, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1092 POSNANIA-POZNAŃ, ARCHDIOCESE of. — City and archdiocese in Poland, founded in 968. Suffragan of Gnesna until 1821. In that year, by the bull De salute…
Pozzetti, PompilioVol. IX, p. 1116 POZZETTI, POMPILIO. - Born at Mirandola on 17 Jan. 1760; became a Piarist on 17 Sept. 1775; died at Bologna on 18 Apr. 1815. An eminent historian and prolific…
Pozzo, AndreaVol. IX, p. 1117 POZZO, ANDREA. — Born in Trento in 1642, after an initial education in painting there and in Como he moved to Milan, where in 1665 he entered the Society of…
Pozzuoli, Diocese of(POZZUOLI, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1117 POZZUOLI, DIOCESI di. - City and diocese in the province of Naples. It has an area of 77 sq. km. with a population of 153,364 inhabitants, of whom 152,307 are…
Prades, Jean Martin deVol. IX, p. 1119 PRADES, JEAN MARTIN de. — Anti-Catholic writer, b. at Castelsarrazini (diocese of Montauban) in 1720, d. at Glogau in 1782. Having gone to Paris to obtain a…
Pradt, Dominique Dufour de(PRADT, DOMINIQUE DUPOUR DE)Vol. IX, p. 1120 PRADT, DOMINIQUE DUPOUR de. – French prelate, born on 23 April 1759 at Allanches, died on 18 March 1837 in Paris. Deputy of the clergy to the States-General in…
Praeclara Custos VirginumVol. IX, p. 1120 «PRAECLARA CUSTOS VIRGINUM». — Hymn of Matins for the feast of the Immaculate Conception, composed in the seventeenth century and introduced into the Breviary…
PraedestinatusVol. IX, p. 1120 PRAEDESTINATUS. - An anonymous and untitled work, to which the first editor, J. Sirmond, gave this title. Book I attacks 90 heresies; the penultimate is…
Praetextatus, Vettius Agorius (Vettius Agorius Praetextatus)(PRETESTATO, VETTIO AGORIO (VETTIUS AGORIUS PRAETEXTATUS))Vol. IX, p. 1183 PRETESTATO, VETTIO AGORIO (Vettius Agorius Praetextatus). - A characteristic representative of the religious syncretism of the educated classes in the 4th…
Praetorium(PRETORIO)Vol. IX, p. 1185 PRETORIO. - Etymologically, it is the place where the Roman praetor established his office as a judge. Originally, in mobile camps, it was the tent of the…
Praetorius, MichaelVol. IX, p. 1120 PRAETORIUS, MICHAEL. - Composer and music theorist, b. 15 February 1571 at Kreuzburg (Thuringia), d. 15 February 1621 at Wolfenbüttel (Brunswick). He was…
Pragmatic Sanction(PRAMMATICA SANZIONE)Vol. IX, p. 1127 PRAMMATICA SANZIONE. - I. Pragmatica sanctio is the name applied in the late Roman Empire to a type of imperial constitution whose nature is controversial and…
Pragmatism(PRAGMATISMO)Vol. IX, p. 1122 PRAGMATISM. — A school of contemporary philosophy, among the most successful and widespread, which has had broad and at times profound repercussions not only…
Prague, Archdiocese of(PRAGA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1120 PRAGA, ARCIDIOCESI di. — Capital city of Czechoslovakia and an archdiocese situated in the center of Bohemia on the banks of the Moldava, built on seven hills.…
Prassede, Saint(PRASSEDE, SANTA)Vol. IX, p. 1127 PRASSEDE, saint. - She is commemorated in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum on July 21; the 7th-century itineraries record her as buried in the cemetery of…
Prat, FerdinandVol. IX, p. 1128 PRAT, FERDINAND. — Exegete, born at La Préterie (Aveyron, France) on 10 February 1857, died at Toulouse on 4 August 1938. He entered the Society of Jesus in…
Prati, GiovanniVol. IX, p. 1128 PRATI, GIOVANNI. — Poet, b. on 27 January 1814 at Campomaggiore near Dasindo (Trento), d. in Rome on 9 May 1884. His poetic activity may be divided into three…
Prato (a Prato), GiovanniVol. IX, p. 1131 PRATO (a Prato), GIOVANNI. — Priest and journalist, born in Rovereto on 29 October 1812, died there on 13 June 1883. Ordained a priest in 1835, in 1842 he…
Prato, Diocese of(PRATO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1129 PRATO, DIOCESE of. — City and diocese in Tuscany, united with Pistoia (v.). The diocese, established in 1653 through the detachment of part of the territory of…
Prayer(ORAZIONE)Vol. IX, p. 148 ORAZIONE – Bishop raising his soul to God. Miniature (late 14th century) from the Missal and Pontifical of Etienne Loypeau, bishop of Luçon – Paris, National…
Prayer(PREGHIERA)Vol. IX, p. 1146 PRAYER. – Language of praise, invocation, or petition addressed by man to God. CONTENTS: I. Nature and definition. – II. Psychology. – III. Forms and degrees.…
Prayer (Ascetic)(ORAZIONE (ASCETICA))Vol. IX, p. 148 ORATION (ASCETICAL). — I. DEFINITION. — Communion of the soul with God and the saints, or pious elevation of the mind to God (St. John Damascene, De Fide, III,…
Prayer (Liturgy)(ORAZIONE (LITURGIA))Vol. IX, p. 150 ORATION (LITURGY). — Here the term o. is taken in the precise sense that, in the liturgy, it assumes as the prayer recited by the officiant (bishop or priest),…
Prayer BookVol. IX, p. 1131 PRAYER BOOK: v. BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER.
Pre-Adamism(PREADAMISMO)Vol. IX, p. 1131 PREADAMISMO: v. POLIGENISMO.
Pre-Caroline Minuscule, Script and Illumination(MINUSCOLA PRECAROLINA, SCRITTURA E MINIATURA)Vol. VIII, p. 642 MINUSCOLA PRECAROLINA, SCRITTURA e MINIATURA: v. CAROLINA SCRITTURA e MINIATURA.
Pre-established Harmony(ARMONIA PRESTABILITÀ)Vol. I, p. 1171 PRE-ESTABLISHED HARMONY. — This is a doctrine—or hypothesis—central to Leibniz, which, although it has various historical roots (Pythagorean harmony, Platonic…
Pre-Raphaelites and Pre-Raphaelism(PRERAFFAELLITI E PRERAFFAELLISMO)Vol. IX, p. 1165 PRERAFFAELLITI and PRERAFFAELLISMO. - These are the terms by which the followers of a particular aesthetic doctrine and the doctrine itself are designated,…
Preaching(PREDICAZIONE)Vol. IX, p. 1142 PREDICAZIONE: v. ORATORIA SACRA.
Preambles Of The Faith (Prawambula Fidei)(PREAMBOLI DELLA FEDE (PRAWAMBULA FIDEI))Vol. IX, p. 1131 PREAMBLES OF FAITH (prawambula fidei). — This expression designates the truths that must and can be known by reason before, through infused faith and actual…
Preanimism(PREANIMISMO)Vol. IX, p. 1131 PREANIMISM: v. PRIMITIVI, RELIGIONE dei.
Prebend(PREBENDA)Vol. IX, p. 1131 PREBENDA. — From the Latin praebere (to furnish), it is the income of an ecclesiastical benefice. The term belongs properly to ecclesiastical literature and…
PrecariaVol. IX, p. 1131 PRECARIA. — Name of an agricultural contract that enjoyed wide diffusion especially between the 6th and 12th centuries. As a rule, its object was the granting…
Precedence(PRECEDENZA)Vol. IX, p. 1132 PRECEDENCE. — It is the right to precede other persons and thus to have the noblest place at public gatherings and events. Its foundation lies in the deference…
Precept(PRECETTO)Vol. IX, p. 1132 PRECEPT. — I. NOTION. — It is a command issued by the competent authority for a determinate period of time, or even in perpetuity, to individual persons, even…
Precepts On Lost Deeds(PRAECEPTA DE CHARTIS PERDITIS)Vol. IX, p. 1120 PRAECEPTA DE CHARTIS PERDITIS: v. APPENNES.
PrechtlVol. IX, p. 1135 PRECHTL. MAXIMILIAN. - German Benedictine controversialist, born at Hahnbach (Palatinate) on 20 Aug. 1757, died at Amberg on 12 June 1832. Ordained priest in…
Preconio, OttavianoVol. IX, p. 1135 PRECONIO, OTTAVIANO. - Conventual Franciscan theologian, born at Castroreale (Messina) around the end of the 15th century, died at Palermo on 18 July 1568. A…
Preconization(PRECONIZZAZIONE)Vol. IX, p. 1135 PRECONIZATION. - It is the proclamation of the elevation of an ecclesiastic to episcopal or cardinalatial dignity. It is carried out after an informative…
