Vermersch, Arthur(VERMEERSCH, ARTHUR)Vol. XII, p. 820 VERMEERSCH, ARTHUR. — Moral theologian of the Society of Jesus, b. at Ertvelde (province of East Flanders, Belgium) on 26 Aug. 1858, d. at Egenhoven (Louvain)…
Vermigli, Pietro Martire(VERMIGLI, PIETRO MARTINE)Vol. XII, p. 820 VERMIGLI, PIETRO MARTINE. — Canon regular, apostate. Born in Florence on 8 September 1500, died in Zurich on 12 November 1562. He entered the congregation of…
Verna, Maria AntoniaVol. XII, p. 820 VERNA, MARIA ANTONIA. - Foundress of the Sisters of Charity of the Immaculate Conception of Ivrea, born at Pasquaro (Rivarolo Canavese) on 12 June 1773, died…
Verna, Sanctuary of(VERNA, SANTUARIO DELLA)Vol. XII, p. 821 VERNA, SANTUARIO della. — A detached mountain of the central Apennines (highest point, La Penna, 1,284 m), in the province and diocese of Arezzo, presented as…
Vernazza (Vernacia), Battista, Venerable(VERNAZZA (VERNACIA), BATTISTA, VENERABILE)Vol. XII, p. 821 VERNAZZA (VERNACIA), BATTISTA, venerable. — Mystic, born in April 1497 in Genoa, died there on 9 May 1587, daughter of Ettore (c. 1470–1524), notary and…
Vernia, NicolettoVol. XII, p. 822 VERNIA, NICOLETTO. - Philosopher, born at Chieti about 1420, died at Padova in 1499. He taught at Padova from 1465. Trained in the Venetian school of Occamism,…
Veroli, Diocese of(VEROLI, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 822 VEROLI, DIOCESI di. — In Lazio, in the province of Frosinone, it covers an area of 451 sq. km., lying between the dioceses of Ferentino, Alatri, Aquino, Sora,…
Veron (Veronius), François(VERON (VERONIUS) FRANÇOIS)Vol. XII, p. 823 VERON (VERONIUS) FRANÇOIS. - Controversialist and preacher, b. in Paris in 1575, d. at Charenton on 6 Dec. 1694. He entered the Jesuits in 1595 and, having…
Verona, Diocese of(VERONA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 823 VERONA, DIOCESI di. – City of the Veneto, provincial capital, at the foot of the hilly spurs of the Lessini, watered by the Adige, along whose banks the…
VeronicaVol. XII, p. 832 VERONICA. — An appellation given, by metonymy, to the icon bearing the “Holy Face” of Christ, preserved among the greater relics of the basilica of S. Pietro…
Veronica da Binasco, Blessed(VERONICA DA BINASCO, BEATA)Vol. XII, p. 834 VERONICA da BINASCO, beata: v. NEGRONI, VERONICA, beata.
Veronica Giuliani, Saint(VERONICA GIULIANI, SANTA)Vol. XII, p. 834 VERONICA GIULIANI, SANTA. — Capuchin Poor Clare and mystical writer, b. 27 December 1660 at Mercatello, d. 9 July 1727 in the Capuchin monastery of Città di…
Verot, Jean-Marcel-Pierre-AugusteVol. XII, p. 834 VEROT, JEAN-MARCEL-PIERRE-AUGUSTE. - Bishop, b. 23 May 1805 at Le Puy (France), d. 10 June 1876 at St. Augustine (Florida). Ordained priest in 1828 and sent to…
Verrati, Giovanni MariaVol. XII, p. 834 VERRATI, GIOVANNI MARIA. - Carmelite theologian and controversialist, born at Ferrara about 1490, died there on 20 July 1563. For many years he taught Sacred…
Verrazano, GiovanniVol. XII, p. 835 VERRAZANO, GIOVANNI. — Florentine navigator, b. around 1485 to a family originally from Val di Greve; killed on an expedition in 1528. Nothing is known of his…
Verri, AlessandroVol. XII, p. 835 VERRI, ALESSANDRO. – Man of letters, born in Milan on 9 November 1741, died in Rome on 23 September 1816. At first a follower, together with his brother…
Verri, BiagioVol. XII, p. 836 VERRI, BIAGIO. — Apostolic missionary, born at Barni, in Vallassina, on 2 October 1819, died at Turin on 26 October 1884; he joined the Work for the Ransom of…
VersaillesVol. XII, p. 837 VERSAILLES. — City and diocese in the department of Seine-et-Oise in France. It has an area of 5,659 sq. km and a population of 1,500,000 inhabitants, of whom…
Verschave, Cyriel(VERSCHAEVE, CYRIEL)Vol. XII, p. 837 VERSCHAEVE, CYRIEL. – Flemish priest and spiritual poet, born at Ardooie (West Flanders) on 30 April 1874, died in exile at Hall (Tyrol) on 8 November 1949. He…
Versiglia, LuigiVol. XII, p. 837 VERSIGLIA, LUIGI. - Salesian, bishop, martyr, b. at Olivo Gessi (diocese of Tortona) on 5 June 1873, killed at Linchow on 25 Feb. 1930. Having entered the…
Vervoort, FrancescoVol. XII, p. 837 VERVOORT, FRANCESCO. — Franciscan ascetical theologian, born at Malines around 1500, died there on 24 September 1555. Few biographical details about him are…
Verzeri, Teresa Eustochio, Blessed(VERZERI, TERESA EUSTOCHIO, BEATA)Vol. XII, p. 838 VERZERI, TERESA EUSTOCHIO, Blessed. - Foundress of the Daughters of the Sacred Heart, born at Bergamo on 31 July 1801, died there on 1 March 1852. From her…
Vespasian (Flavius Vespasianus Augustus), Roman Emperor(VESPASIANO (FLAVIUS VESPASIANUS AUGUSTUS), IMPERATORE ROMANO)Vol. XII, p. 842 VESPASIANO (Flavius Vespasianus Augustus), ROMAN EMPEROR. — Born on 17 November 9 A.D. at Falacrinae, near Rieti, died at Aquae Cutiliae on 24 June 79 A.D. (on…
Vespignani, Virgilio (Virginio)Vol. XII, p. 843 VESPIGNANI, VIRGILIO (VIRGINIO). — Architect, born in Rome on 12 February 1828, died there on 4 December 1882. He gained his first experience alongside…
Vespucci, AmerigoVol. XII, p. 844 VESPUCCI, AMERIGO. – Navigator, one of the greatest, indeed the foremost among Columbus’s followers, born in Florence in March 1454, the third of four sons of…
Vesta and Vestalia(VESTA E VESTALIA)Vol. XII, p. 846 VESTA and VESTALIA. — The origins of the goddess V. at Rome go back to the most ancient times: her festival, Vestalia, appears in the archaic calendar; her…
Vestarius (Vesterarius, Vastarius)(VESTARARIUS (VESTERARIUS, VASTARARIUS))Vol. XII, p. 846 VESTARARIUS (VESTERARIUS, VASTARARIUS). - He was the custodian of the treasury or wardrobe of high ecclesiastical or lay dignitaries, or of Chapters and…
Vestments(RIVESTIMENTI)Vol. X, p. 601 CLADDINGS. - The practice of covering masonry structures with marble or stucco was already widespread in classical antiquity and was immediately adopted by…
Veszprém, Diocese of(VESZPRIMIA (VESZPRÉM), DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 851 VESZPRIMIA (VESZPRÉM), DIOCESE of. — City and diocese in Hungary. It has an area of 13,710 sq. km, with a population of 874,163 inhabitants, of whom 703,198…
VetoVol. XII, p. 852 VETO. - The v. or exclusive (ius exclusionis, ius exclusivae) is one of the forms of interference by the civil authority in the election of the Supreme…
VetranioneVol. XII, p. 853 VETRANIONE. - General of the troops stationed in Illyria and Pannonia; after the death of Constant and the elevation of Magnentius, by the VETRO - An Egyptian…
Vetter, Paul AlexanderVol. XII, p. 857 VETTER, PAUL ALEXANDER. - Armenian scholar and Catholic exegete, born 14 July 1850 in Oberdettingen (near Biberach, Württemberg), died in Tübingen 21 Sept.…
Vettori, PietroVol. XII, p. 857 VETTORI, PIETRO. — Born in Florence in 1499, he died there in 1585, after a life wholly devoted to study, apart from a false start in anti-Medici politics,…
Veuillot, LouisVol. XII, p. 858 VEUILLOT, LOUIS. – French journalist and writer, born at Boynes (Loiret) on 11 October 1813, died in Paris on 7 April 1883. His father was a poor cooper, who…
Vexilla Christi Inclita(VEXILLA CHRISTUS INCLYTA)Vol. XII, p. 859 «VEXILLA CHRISTUS INCLYTA». – Hymn of Lauds for the feast of Christ the King, composed by Fr. Vittorio Genovesi, S.J., in 1925. The kingdom of Christ does not…
Vexilla Regis ProdeuntVol. XII, p. 859 «VEXILLA REGIS PRODEUNT». – Hymn of Vespers during Passiontide, composed at Poitiers around 569 by Venantius Fortunatus on the occasion of the arrival of a…
VezzolanoVol. XII, p. 860 VEZZOLANO. — Abbey of Canons Regular of St. Augustine, dedicated to Mary Most Holy, in the diocese of Casale (Piedmont), in territory formerly belonging to the…
Via MatrisVol. XII, p. 862 VIA MATRIS. - A devotional practice in honor of the Virgin of Sorrows which, after the model of the Via Crucis, meditates upon the sufferings endured by the…
Vialar, Émilie de, Saint(VIALAR, EMILIE DE, SANTA)Vol. XII, p. 862 VIALAR, EMILIE de, saint. – Foundress of the Institute of the Sisters of St Joseph of the Apparition, born at Gaillac (diocese of Albi) on 12 September 1797,…
Viale Prelà, MicheleVol. XII, p. 862 VIALE PRELÀ, MICHELE. – Cardinal, born at Bastia (Corsica) on 29 September 1798, died at Bologna on 15 May 1860. Ordained a priest in 1823, he was directed…
Viaticum(VIATICO)Vol. XII, p. 863 VIATICUM. – From the liturgical point of view, the term was initially adopted to designate all the religious assistance or consolation provided to the dying…
Viator Da Coccaglio(VIATORE DA COCCAGLIO)Vol. XII, p. 864 VIATORE da COCCAGLIO. — Capuchin theologian of the former province of Brescia, surnamed Bianchi, born at Coccaglio on 20 April 1706, died at Cologne on 18…
Viatrice, Saint, Martyr(VIATRICE, SANTA, MARTIRE)Vol. XII, p. 864 VIATRICE, saint, martyr: v. SIMPLICIO, FAUSTINO e BEATRICE, santi, martiri.
Vibaldus (Wibaldus, Guibert) of Stavelot(VIBALDO (WIBALDUS, GUIBALDO) DI STAVELOT)Vol. XII, p. 864 VIBALDO (Wibaldus, GUIBALDO) di STAVELOT. — Benedictine Abbot of Stavelot, Malmedy, and Corvey, born near Stavelot (Stablo) in Belgium in 1097 or 1098 and died…
VibiaVol. XII, p. 864 VIBIA. – The so-called “hypogeum of V.” is also known by other designations, such as “of the syncretists” and “of the little nuns”; more appropriately, Wilpert…
VibonaVol. XII, p. 865 VIBONA. — The ancient diocese of V., called « Hipponium » by the Latins, at the southern extremity of the Gulf of S. Eufemia, was destroyed by the Saracens in…
Viborada, Saint(VIBORADA, SANTA)Vol. XII, p. 865 VIBORADA, Saint. - Virgin and martyr, recluse near St Gall (Switzerland), killed by the Hungarians in 926. After a devout pilgrimage to Rome with her brother…
Vic, Diocese of(VICH, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 875 VICH, DIOCESE of. – City and diocese in the province of Barcelona in Spain. It has an area of 3,367 sq. km. with a population of 250,246 inhabitants, almost…
Vicar(VICARIUS)Vol. XII, p. 870 VICARIUS. - Title of an official of the Roman Empire. At first an extraordinary representative of the praefectus praetorio, under Diocletian he assumed the…
Vicar Apostolic(VICARIO APOSTOLICO)Vol. XII, p. 865 VICARIO APOSTOLICO. — In the history of the Church, the name vicarius appears from the earliest centuries, together with that of missus or legatus, to…
Vicar General(VICARIO GENERALE)Vol. XII, p. 869 VICARIO GENERALE. – He is the priest lawfully constituted to represent the person of the bishop in the exercise of his jurisdiction throughout the diocese. In…
Vicarate Apostolic of Basankusu(BASANKUSU, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. II, p. 561 BASANKUSU, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. — The first station (Yumbi on the Congo River, upstream from Kwanout, currently in the Apostolic Prefecture of Bikoro) was…
Vicarious Satisfaction(SODDISFAZIONE VICARIA)Vol. XI, p. 535 SODDISFAZIONE VICARIA. – Etymologically (satis facere), the term indicates sufficient compensation, in place of and on behalf of a person, for a material or…
Vicedominus(VICEDOMINO)Vol. XII, p. 870 VICEDOMINO. — For the patrimonial administration of bishoprics and monasteries, Roman imperial legislation and the canons of the Eastern councils had already…
Vicente, GilVol. XII, p. 871 VICENTE, GIL. – Portuguese writer, b. perhaps in 1465 and certainly d. before 1540. He is the greatest dramatist of his country and one of the greatest of the…
Vicenza, Diocese of(VICENZA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 872 VICENZA, DIOCESE of. — The city, crossed by the Bacchiglione and the Retrone, which divides the centre of ancient Berga (Berica), is the capital of a vast…
Vices(VIZI)Vol. XII, p. 984 VIZI : v. IRREGOLARITÀ.
Vicious Circle(CIRCOLO VIZIOSO)Vol. III, p. 990 VICIOUS CIRCLE. - An error of reasoning into which one falls when, in having to prove two propositions together, one is proved by means of the other (a by b…
Vico EquenseVol. XII, p. 880 VICO EQUENSE. – Town and former diocese in the province of Naples. It was an episcopal see from the 13th century until 1818, when it was suppressed by Pope…
Vico, Giovanni BattistaVol. XII, p. 876 VICO, GIOVANNI BATTISTA. — Italian philosopher, born in Naples on 23 June 1668, died there on 22 January 1744. I. LIFE. — Born to a modest bookseller, G. B.…
Victimae PaschaliVol. XII, p. 880 « VICTIMAE PASCHALI ». - An Easter sequence clothed in a splendid Gregorian melody, which gives notable prominence to the impassioned dialogue concerning the…
Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy and King of Sardinia(VITTORIO AMEDEO II, DUCA DI SAVOIA E RE DI SARDEGNA)Vol. XII, p. 973 VITTORIO AMEDEO II, duke of SAVOIA and king of SARDEGNA. — Son of Carlo Emanuele and of Giovanni Battista di Savoia Nemours, b. in Turin on 14 May 1666, d. at…
Victor and Corona, Saints, Martyrs(VITTORE E CORONA, SANTI, MARTIRI)Vol. XII, p. 970 VITTORE and CORONA, saints, martyrs. — They are commemorated in the Hieronymian Martyrology on 14 May as martyrs of Egypt. Their names, however, recur on other…
Victor Emmanuel I of Savoy, King of Sardinia(VITTORIO EMANUELE I DI SAVOIA, RE DI SARDEGNA)Vol. XII, p. 974 VITTORIO EMANUELE I of SAVOIA, king of SARDEGNA. — Born in Turin on 24 July 1759, died at Moncalieri on 10 January 1824. The second son of Vittorio Amedeo,…
Victor Emmanuel II, King of Italy(VITTORIO EMANUELE II, RE D'ITALIA)Vol. XII, p. 974 VITTORIO EMANUELE II, king of ITALY. — Born in Turin on 14 March 1820, died in Rome on 9 January 1878. The firstborn of Carlo Alberto di Savoia-Carignano,…
Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy(VITTORIO EMANUELE III, RE D'ITALIA)Vol. XII, p. 976 VITTORIO EMANUELE III, KING OF ITALY. — Born in Naples on 11 November 1869, died in Alexandria, Egypt, on 28 December 1947. The only son of Umberto I and…
Victor I, Pope, Saint(VITTORE I, PAPA, SANTO)Vol. XII, p. 969 VITTORE I, PAPA, saint. — African and son of Felice, according to the Lib. Pont., he was the thirteenth bishop of Rome after s. Pietro, successor to Eleuterio.…
Victor II, Pope(VITTORE II, PAPA)Vol. XII, p. 969 VITTORE II, PAPA. – Formerly bishop of Eichstätt, he was elected in 1055, a year after the death of Leone IX (Apr. 1054), during which negotiations continued…
Victor III, Pope, Blessed(VITTORE III, PAPA, BEATO)Vol. XII, p. 970 VITTORE III, POPE, blessed. - A Benedictine monk of the Dafauri family (Desiderio), he owed his election to the Norman prince Giordano di Capua (May 1086). He…
Victor IV (V), Antipope(VITTORE IV (V), ANTIPAPA)Vol. XII, p. 970 VITTORE IV (V), ANTIPAPA: V. OTTAVIANO DI MONTICELLI.
Victor IV, Antipope(VITTORE IV, ANTIPAPA)Vol. XII, p. 970 VITTORE IV, ANTIPOPE. — Elected by the supporters of the antipope Anacleto II (v.) around the middle of March 1138, he was mockingly nicknamed by the Romans…
Victor of Antioch(VITTORE DI ANTIOCHIA)Vol. XII, p. 968 VITTORE of ANTIOCHIA. - There exists in many Greek manuscripts a commentary on the Gospel of Mark attributed to a certain V. of A., and transmitted in two…
Victor of Capua(VITTORE DI CAPUA)Vol. XII, p. 968 VITTORE di CAPUA. – Bishop from 541 to 554 (v. his tombstone in CIL, X, 4503). He wrote, against Vittorio Aquitano, De cyclo paschali, of which only the…
Victor, Bishop of Cartenna(VITTORIO VESCOVO DI CARTENNA)Vol. XII, p. 973 VITTORIO, bishop of CARTENNA. — Flourished in the middle of the 5th century in Mauretania. According to Gennadius, he wrote homilies, a treatise against the…
Victor, Bishop of Tunnuna(VITTORE, VESCOVO DI TUNNUNA)Vol. XII, p. 970 VITTORE, bishop of TUNNUNA - A zealous supporter of the Three Chapters, he lived in the sixth century in Proconsular Africa, and died shortly after 566. He…
Victor, Saint, Martyr(VITTORE, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. XII, p. 968 VITTORE, saint, martyr. - He is commemorated in the Hieronymian Martyrology on 21 July. He is recalled by Venanzio Fortunato (Carm., VIII, 3; X, 10), and s.…
Victor, Saint, Martyr(VITTORIO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. XII, p. 973 VITTORIO, saint, martyr: v. VINCENZO, ORONZO e VITTORIO, santi, martiri.
Victoria, Diocese of(VICTORIA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 880 VICTORIA, DIOCESE OF: see SPIRITO SANTO, DIOCESE OF. VICTORIA (PORT VICTORIA), DIOCESE OF: see DARWIN, DIOCESE OF. (Ist. Enc. Cult.) VIDA, GIROLAMO - Title…
Victoria, Diocese of, on Vancouver Island(VICTORIA NELL'ISOLA VANCOUVER, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 880 VICTORIA NELL'ISOLA VANCOUVER, DIOCESI di. - City and diocese in the Canadian province of British Columbia (Canada). It has an area of 14,000 sq. km. and a…
Victoria, Saint, Martyr(VITTORIA, SANTA, MARTIRE)Vol. XII, p. 970 VITTORIA, saint, martyr. - She is commemorated in the Hieronymian Martyrology on 19 Dec.; in the Roman Martyrology, however, according to the indication of the…
Victricius (Victoric), Bishop of Rouen, Saint(VITTRICIÒ (VICTRICIUS), VESCOVO DI ROUEN, SANTO)Vol. XII, p. 978 VITTRICIÒ (Victricius), bishop of ROUEN, saint. — Born ca. 330 on the extreme borders of the Empire (Britain or Gaul?), bishop of Rouen from ca. 385 to ca.…
Vida, GirolamoVol. XII, p. 880 VIDA, GIROLAMO. – Bishop and poet, b. in 1490 at Cremona, d. at Alba on 27 Sept. 1566. He entered the Canons Regular of the Congregation of S. Marco; he went…
Vidal, PedroVol. XII, p. 881 VIDAL, PEDRO. - Jesuit, canonist, b. at Igualada (diocese of Barcelona) on 20 July 1867, d. at Rome on 24 Oct. 1938. Having entered the Order in 1884, he was…
VidimusVol. XII, p. 881 VIDIMUS. — Formula for giving probative value to copies of documents. Among the methods used in the Middle Ages to give probative value to copies of documents,…
Vidoni Sormena, Pietro(VIDONI SORERNA, PIETRO)Vol. XII, p. 881 VIDONI SORERNA, PIETRO. - Cardinal, b. at Cremona on 2 Sept. 1759, d. at Rome on 10 Aug. 1830. Having completed his studies at the Pontifical Academy of Noble…
Viduchindo of Corvey(VIDUCHINDO DI CORVEY)Vol. XII, p. 881 VIDUCHINDO DI CORVEY. – Benedictine monk of Saxon origin, who lived in the 10th century in the abbey of Corvey (Corbeia nova), and died around 1004. Very…
Viedma, Diocese of(VIEDMA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 882 VIEDMA, DIOCESI di. – City and diocese in the province of Rio Negro (Argentina). It has an area of 691,679 sq. km. and a population of 220,000, of whom 190,000…
Vieira de Mattos, ManuelVol. XII, p. 882 VIEIRA DE MATTOS, MANUEL. - Bishop, b. at Poiares (Portugal) on 22 March 1861, d. at Braga on 28 Sept. 1932. Ordained priest in 1883, after a long and fruitful…
Vieira, AntoniusVol. XII, p. 882 VIEIRA, ANTONIUS. — Jesuit, orator, and missionary, born in Lisbon on 6 February 1609, died in Bahia (Brazil) on 18 July 1697. Taken as a child to Bahia, he…
Viel, Placida, Blessed(VIEL, PLACIDA, BEATA)Vol. XII, p. 887 VIEL, PLACIDA, Blessed. — In the world Eulalia Vittoria, born at Quettehou (diocese of Coutance) on 26 Sept. 1805, died at St-Sauveur-le-Comte on 4 March 1877.…
Vienna (Wien, Lat. Vindobona), Archdiocese of(VIENNA (WIEN, LAT. VINDOBONA), ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 887 VIENNA (WIEN, Latin Vindobona), Archdiocese of — Metropolitan see and capital of the Austrian Republic. The territory of the archdiocese covers an area of…
Vienna, Archdiocese of(VIENNA, ABCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 891 VIENNA, ABCIDIOCESE of — Angel. One of the statues placed on the column erected in honor of the Most Holy Trinity and the Nine Angelic Choirs after the plague…
VienneVol. XII, p. 893 VIENNE. — Ancient archdiocese and present-day subprefecture of Isère in France, whose title is now united with the archiepiscopal see of Lyon (v.). The city is…
Vientiane, Apostolic Vicariate of(VIENTIANE, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. XII, p. 897 VIENTIANE, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. — Situated in the center of the French protectorate of Laos (Indochina), it covers an area of 100,000 sq. km. It is…
Vieste, Diocese of(VIESTE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 897 VIESTE, DIOCESI di: v. MANFREDONIA, DIOCESI di.
Vieusseux, GiampietroVol. XII, p. 897 VIEUSSEUX, GIAMPIETRO. - Man of letters, b. 29 Sept. 1779 at Oneglia, d. 29 Apr. 1863 at Firenze. Of Genevan origin, he first engaged in commerce, then settled…
Vigan, Diocese of(VIGAN, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 898 VIGAN, DIOCESI di : v. NUOVA SEGOVIA, DIOCESI di.
Vigerio, MarcoVol. XII, p. 898 VIGERIO, MARCO. – In the world Emanuele, cardinal and theologian of the Conventual Franciscans, b. at Savona in 1446, d. at Rome on 18 July 1516. Nephew of…
Vigevano, Diocese of(VIGEVANO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 898 VIGEVANO, DIOCESI di. — City and diocese in the province of Pavia, suffragan of Vercelli. It has an area of 1,509 sq km, with a population of 170,800…
Vigilantius(VIGILANZIO)Vol. XII, p. 899 VIGILANZIO. — Gallic priest, born at Calagurris at the foot of the Pyrenees, died after 406. In the year 394–95 he went with a letter from Paolino di Nola to…
VigiliaVol. XII, p. 899 VIGILIA. — It is the day that precedes, as a preparation, the great feasts of the Lord (Christmas, Epiphany, Easter, Pentecost) and those of the saints (of the…
Vigiliae ChristianaeVol. XII, p. 900 VIGILIAE CHRISTIANAE. — A quarterly periodical first issued in 1947, published by the North-Holland Publishing Company of Amsterdam, for the investigation of…
Vigilius, Bishop of Tapso(VIGILIO, VESCOVO DI TAPSO)Vol. XII, p. 900 VIGILIO, bishop of TAPSO. — This African bishop (province of Byzacena) took part in the religious dispute that Unnericus had convened in Carthage in 484.…
Vigilius, Pope(VIGILIO, PAPA)Vol. XII, p. 900 VIGILIO, PAPA. — The turbulent events of his pontificate find their explanation in the conditions of the city, torn between the party of the ruling Goths and…
Vigilius, Saint, Bishop of Trent, Martyr(VIGILIO, VESCOVO DI TRENTO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. XII, p. 901 VIGILIO, bishop of TRENTO, saint, martyr. — Died in 400 or 405, patron of the city and diocese of Trento. Of a Roman family settled in Trento, he was elected…
Vignola, Giacomo Barozzi (Barozio) daVol. XII, p. 901 VIGNOLA, GIACOMO BAROZZI (BAROZIO) da. — Architect, born in Vignola (Modena) on 1 October 1507, died in Rome on 7 July 1573. He completed his early studies in…
Vigny, Alfred deVol. XII, p. 902 VIGNY, ALFRED de. — French poet, born at Loches on 27 March 1797 into a noble family, died at Maine-Guiraud on 17 September 1863. He belonged to the army for a…
Vigouroux, Fulcran-GrégoireVol. XII, p. 903 VIGOUROUX, FULCRAN-GRÉGOIRE. — Sulpician, biblical scholar, born at Nant (diocese of Rodez) on 13 February 1837, died in Rome on 21 February 1915. In 1861 he…
Vigri, Caterina, Saint(VIGRI, CATERINA, SANTA)Vol. XII, p. 903 VIGRI, CATERINA, saint: v. CATERINA da BOLOGNA, saint.
Vijayapuram, Diocese of(VIJAYAPURAM, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 903 VIJAYAPURAM, DIOCESE of. — In the southwestern part of India, it borders the dioceses of Quilon, Madura, Coimbatore, Verapoly, Cochin, and Alleppey. The first…
Vijayawada, Diocese of(VIJAYAVADA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 903 VIJAYAVADA, DIOCESE of. — After India had gained independence, on 15 Aug. 1947, several Indian cities changed their names: thus Bezwuada (v.) became V. In…
ViktringVol. XII, p. 903 VIKTRING. — Former Cistercian abbey in the diocese of Gurk (Klagenfurt), in Carinthia, Austria. The village of V. is already attested in the Carolingian…
Vilburga (Wildburgis), Blessed(VILBURGA (WILDBURGIS), BEATA)Vol. XII, p. 904 VILBURGA (Wildburgis), blessed. — A virgin recluse at St. Florian (Upper Austria), born of a pious and well-to-do family at the beginning of the thirteenth…
ViligelmoVol. XII, p. 904 VILIGELMO. — Sculptor of the 12th century, active in Modena. He may be regarded as the progenitor of Romanesque sculpture in Upper Italy and, in particular, of…
Vilkaviškis, Diocese of(VILKAVIŠKIS, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 905 VILKAVIŠKIS, DIOCESE of. — City and diocese in the Republic of Lithuania. It has an area of 12,000 sq. km, with a population of 365,000 inhabitants, of whom…
Villa Reale, Diocese of(VILLA REALE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 906 VILLA REALE, DIOCESE of. — City and diocese in the province of Trás-os Montes, Portugal. It has an area of 4,273.20 sq. km. and a population of 319,883…
Villada García, Zacarías(VILLADA GARCÍA, ZACARIAS)Vol. XII, p. 905 VILLADA GARCÍA, ZACARIAS. – Jesuit, historiographer, born at Gatón de Campos (diocese of Palencia) on 16 March 1879, killed by the Spanish Reds near Vicálvaro…
Villana dei Botti, Blessed(VILLANA DEI BOTTI, BEATA)Vol. XII, p. 905 VILLANA dei BOTTI, Blessed. - A Dominican tertiary, born in Florence in 1332, died there on 28 February 1360. Daughter of a wealthy patrician, she was drawn to…
Villani, GiovanniVol. XII, p. 905 VILLANI, GIOVANNI. — He is the foremost representative of Florentine bourgeois historiography of the fourteenth century. He belonged to a Popolo family of S.…
Villani, Maria, Venerable(VILLANI, MARIA, VENERABILE)Vol. XII, p. 906 VILLANI, MARIA, venerable. – Dominican religious, born in Naples on 18 September 1584 to Giovanni, marquis of Polla, and died there on 26 March 1670. From her…
Villarrica, Diocese of(VILLARRICA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 906 VILLARRICA, DIOCESI of. — City and diocese in the Republic of Paraguay (South America). The territory extends over 78,049 sq km, with a population of 620,000…
Villaseca, Giuseppe MariaVol. XII, p. 906 VILLASECA, GIUSEPPE MARIA. - Priest, founder of the Missionaries of St. Joseph of Mexico, b. at Igualda (diocese of Barcelona) on 19 Jan. 1831, d. at Tacubaya…
Villavicencio, Apostolic Vicariate of(VILLAVICENCIO, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. XII, p. 907 VILLAVICENCIO, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. - It is situated in the eastern regions of Colombia and comprises the least explored areas. Missionary work in the…
Villeado (Uilhard), Saint(VILLEADO (UILHARD), SANTO)Vol. XII, p. 907 VILLEADO (UILHARD), saint.—First bishop of Bremen, born in Northumberland ca. 740, died at Brexen on the Weser on 8 November 789. A friend of Alcuino (v.), he…
Villehardouin, Geoffroy deVol. XII, p. 907 VILLEHARDOUIN, GEOFFROY de. — Hereditary Marshal of Champagne, born no later than 1152, he took part with his lord, Count Tibaldo III, in the Fourth Crusade…
Villeneuve, Jean-Marie-RodrigueVol. XII, p. 907 VILLENEUVE, JEAN-MARIE-RODRIGUE. — Cardinal, born in Montréal (Canada) on 2 November 1883, died in Alhambra (California) on 17 January 1947. He joined the…
Villeneuve-lès-Avignon(VILLENEUVE-LEZ-AVIGNON)Vol. XII, p. 907 VILLENEUVE-LEZ-AVIGNON. - Ancient Benedictine abbey in the diocese of Avignon. (from H. A. Wilson, The Calendar of St. Willibrord from ms. lat. 1887, London…
Villion, AiméVol. XII, p. 909 VILLION, AIMÉ. - B. at Genay (Ain, France) on 2 Sept. 1843 and d. on 1 Apr. 1932. Having entered the Seminary of the Foreign Missions of Paris on 30 Sept. 1863…
Villon, FrançoisVol. XII, p. 909 VILLON, FRANÇOIS. – Name adopted by François de Montcorbier, called des Loges, born in Paris around 1430 and graduated from that University as maître ès arte…
VilnaVol. XII, p. 910 VILNA: v. WILNA, ARCIDIOCESI di.
Vilna (Wilno), Archdiocese of(WILNA (VILNA, WILNO), ARCIDIÓCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 1047 VILNA (WILNO), ARCHDIOCESE OF Vilna is a city and archdiocese in Poland. It covers an area of 56,679 km² and has a population of 2,325,000, of whom 1,056,000…
VinaliaVol. XII, p. 910 VINALIA. – This name designates two festivals in the most ancient calendar of the Roman religion. The literary sources distinguish between them, defining that…
Vinaya Piṭaka(VINAYA PIŢAKA)Vol. XII, p. 910 VINAYA PIŢAKA: v. BUDDHISMO E TRIPIŢAKA.
Vincennes, Diocese of(VINCENNES, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 910 VINCENNES, DIOCESI di: v. INDIANAPOLIS, DIOCESI di.
Vincent de Paul (or Depaul, as he signed; Italian de' Paoli), Saint(VINCENZO DE PAUL (O DEPAUL, COME EGLI SI FIRMAVA; ITAL. DE' PAOLI), SANTO)Vol. XII, p. 915 VINCENZO DE PAUL (or DEPAUL, as he signed his name; Ital. DE' PAOLI), saint. — B. at Pony near Dax in Gascony on 24 April 1585, d. in Paris on 27 September…
Vincent of Beauvais(VINCENZO DI BEAUVAIS)Vol. XII, p. 911 VINCENZO di BEAUVAIS. — Dominican theologian and philosopher, b. ca. 1190, d. at Beauvais in 1264. He probably entered religious life in Paris (ca. 1220) and…
Vincent of Capua(VINCENZO DA CAPUA)Vol. XII, p. 912 VINCENZO DA CAPUA. – A priest of the Roman Church, whom Pope St. Silvester sent in 325 as legate to the First Council of Nicaea, together with the priest Vito…
Vincent of Lérins, Saint(VINCENZO DI LÉRINS, SANTO)Vol. XII, p. 912 VINCENZO DI LÉRINS, saint. — Gallic ecclesiastical writer of the monastery of Lérins, d. around 450. The information about his life is reduced to a few brief…
Vincent of Volturno, Saint, Abbey of(VINCENZO AL VOLTURNO, SAN, ABBAZIA DI)Vol. XII, p. 915 VINCENZO AL VOLTURNO, SAN, ABBAZIA di. — Near the sources of the Volturno River, on a vast deserted plateau 500 m above sea level and surrounded by mountains,…
Vincent, Orontius and Victor, Saints, Martyrs(VINCENZO, ORONZO E VITTORIO, SANTI, MARTIRI)Vol. XII, p. 917 VINCENZO, ORONZO and VITTORIO, saints, martyrs. — The Roman Martyrology commemorates them on 22 January as victims of the persecution of Diocletian at Embrun…
Vincent, SaintVol. XII, p. 910 VINCENT, SAINT. - Benedictine archabbey, in the diocese of Pittsburg in the State of Pennsylvania in the United States of America. The monastery was founded in…
Vincent, Saint, Martyr(VINCENZO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. XII, p. 910 VINCENT, saint, martyr. — Spanish deacon, a victim of the Diocletian persecution, probably in 304; he is among the few martyrs recorded in the calendar of…
Vincenti Mareri, Ippolito AntonioVol. XII, p. 910 VINCENTI MARERI, IPPOLITO ANTONIO. - Cardinal, b. at Rieti on 20 Jan. 1738, d. at Paris on 21 March 1811. In 1785 he was elected by Pius VI titular archbishop…
Vincentius HispanusVol. XII, p. 910 VINCENTIUS HISPANUS. - Canonist, who lived in the thirteenth century. His origin and identity are disputed. The appellation Hispanus and the existence of a…
Vincenza Gerosa, Saint(VINCENZA GEROSA, SANTA)Vol. XII, p. 910 VINCENZA GEROSA, saint. - Co-foundress of the Institute of the Sisters of Charity, or of Maria Bambina, born at Lovere (diocese of Brescia) on 29 Oct. 1784,…
VindicatioVol. XII, p. 917 VINDICATIO. — A term suggested by a text of St. Ottato of Milevi (De schismate Donatistarum, I, 16: PL 11, 917), by which it was intended to denote a kind of…
Vindicta SalvatorisVol. XII, p. 917 VINDICTA SALVATORIS: v. PILATO, apocrifo di.
Vineam DominiVol. XII, p. 917 VINEAM DOMINI. — This is the bull issued by Clement XI on 15 July 1705 confirming the constitutions of Innocent X and Alexander VII concerning the…
Vinet, AlexandreVol. XII, p. 918 VINET, ALEXANDRE. - Liberal Protestant apologist and writer, b. at Ouchy (Lausanne) on 17 June 1797, d. at Lausanne on 10 May 1847. He received a somewhat…
VinfridoVol. XII, p. 918 VINFRIDO: v. BONIFACIO, santo, martire.
Vinh, Apostolic Vicariate of(VINH, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. XII, p. 918 VINH, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. – It is situated in the southeastern region of Annam (Vietnam), which faces the Gulf of Tonkin. It was erected on 27 March 1846,…
Vinh-Long, Apostolic Vicariate of(VINH-LONG, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. XII, p. 918 VINH-LONG, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. - It is situated in the centre of Cochinchina (Vietnam) and is entrusted to the Vietnamese secular clergy. It was erected on…
Vintimille du Luc, CharlesVol. XII, p. 918 VINTIMILLE DU LUC, CHARLES. - Archbishop of Paris, b. 15 Nov. 1655 at Luc (Fréjus), d. at Paris on 13 March 1746. Bishop of Marseilles from 21 Jan. 1692, then…
Violation of Sacred Place(VIOLAZIONE DI LUOGO SACRO)Vol. XII, p. 919 VIOLAZIONE DI LUOGO SACRO. - The violation of churches, cemeteries and, in general, of any other thing ordered to divine worship, is determined by acts or…
Violence(VIOLENZA)Vol. XII, p. 919 VIOLENZA. — In theological and canonistic language, violence, force, or coercion is understood as a motion proceeding from an external principle, while the…
Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène-EmmanuelVol. XII, p. 920 VIOLLET-LE-DUC, EUGÈNE-EMMANUEL. — French architect and writer, born in Paris on 21 January 1814, son of the writer Emmanuel-Nicolas, died in Lausanne on 17…
Viret, PierreVol. XII, p. 921 VIRET, PIERRE. - The “reformer” of French-speaking Switzerland, b. at Orbe (Vaud) on 4 May 1511, d. at Orthez on 4 Apr. 1571. In 1527 he was in Paris as a…
Virga Rubra, Masters of the(VIRGA RUBEA, MAESTRI OSTIARI DI)Vol. XII, p. 921 VIRGA RUBEA, MAESTRI OSTIARI di: v. MAESTRI OSTIARI DI VIRGA RUBEA.
Virgil(VIRGILIO)Vol. XII, p. 921 VIRGILIO. – P. Virgilius Maro (ancient form: Vergilius, cf. F. Ritschl, Opuscula philologica, II, p. 779 ff.) is the greatest poet of the Augustan age, born at…
Virgil, Abbot-Bishop of Sankt Peter of Salzburg, Saint(VIRGILIO, ABATE-VESCOVO DI SANKT PETER DI SALISBURGO, SANTO)Vol. XII, p. 923 VIRGILIO, abbot-bishop of SANKT PETER OF SALZBURG, saint. — V. (thus Latinized), or Fergil (Feregii), of Irish origin, b. ca. 700, d. 27 Nov. 784. A monk, and…
Virginibus Subintroductae(VIRGINES SUBINTRODUCTAE)Vol. XII, p. 924 VIRGINES SUBINTRODUCTAE : v. AGAPETE.
Virginis Proles Opifexque Matris(VIRGINIS PROLES OPIFEXQUE MA-TRIS)Vol. XII, p. 924 « VIRGINIS PROLES OPIFEXQUE MA-TRIS ». — Hymn of Matins in the Common of Virgins, by an unknown author, already present in manuscripts of the 10th century. It…
Virginity(VERGINITÀ)Vol. XII, p. 810 VIRGINITY.—Virginity, insofar as it is a virtue, consists of two elements: the material and the formal. Understood in the material sense, it is immunity from…
Virginity of Mary(VERGINITÀ DI MARIA)Vol. XII, p. 811 VERGINITÀ DI MARIA. – According to Catholic doctrine, Maria was a virgin before childbirth, in childbirth, and after childbirth. The v. of M. before childbirth…
Virility(VIRILITÀ)Vol. XII, p. 924 VIRILITÀ. — A particular age (v.) of life that follows the pubertal and post-pubertal or internubilo-pubertal phase and ends with old age (v.). G. Mariani…
Virtue(VIRTÙ)Vol. XII, p. 924 VIRTÙ I. GENERAL NOTIONS Virtue is a quality that perfects an operative faculty, disposing it well in relation to its activity and the attainment of the end…
Virus (Ultravirus, Infravirus, Filterable Viruses)(VIRUS (ULTRAVIRUS, INFRAVIRUS, VIRUS FILTRABILI))Vol. XII, p. 930 VIRUS (ultravirus, infravirus, filterable virus). — These are particular agents of diseases in humans, animals, and plants, characterized by ultramicroscopic…
Visakhapatnam, Diocese of(VISAKHAPATNAM, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 931 VISAKHAPATNAM, DIOCESE of. — Its territory, extending through central-southern India, was already part of the diocese of Mylapore in 1606. From 1834 it…
Visconti Venosta, EmilioVol. XII, p. 934 VISCONTI VENOSTA, EMILIO. — Statesman, born in Milan on 22 January 1829, died in Rome on 28 November 1914. He began his political activity in 1848, taking part…
Visconti, Ennio QuirinoVol. XII, p. 931 VISCONTI, ENNIO QUIRINO. – Archaeologist, born in Rome on 1 November 1751, died in Paris on 8 February 1818. Supported financially by Prince Sigismondo Chigi,…
Visconti, Family(VISCONTI, FAMIGLIA)Vol. XII, p. 932 VISCONTI, FAMIGLIA. – A feudal family of the Milanese region which, from 1277 until its extinction in 1447, held, almost uninterruptedly, the lordship of…
Visconti, FilippoVol. XII, p. 934 VISCONTI, FILIPPO. - Archbishop of Milan, b. 19 Aug. 1721 at Massino (diocese of Novara), d. 30 Dec. 1801 at Lyons. In 1783 he was appointed to the…
Viseu (Vizeu), Diocese of(VISEU (VIZEU), DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 935 VISEU (VIZEU), DIOCESE of. — In the province of Beira-Alta, in Portugal. It has an area of 3,400 sq. km and a population of 300,500 inhabitants, almost all…
Vishnu and Vishnuism(VISNU E VISNUISMO)Vol. XII, p. 946 VISNU e VISNUISMO: v. INDUISMO.
Visigothic, Script and Miniature(VISIGOTICA, SCRITTURA E MINIATURA)Vol. XII, p. 935 VISIGOTICA, SCRIPT AND MINIATURE. - It is generally classified as Visigothic the Latin script used in Spain from the seventh–eighth century to the twelfth…
Visigoths(VISIGOTI)Vol. XII, p. 935 VISIGOTI: v. GOTI.
Vision (Mystical Intellectual Phenomenon)(VISIONE (FENOMENO MISTICO INTELLETTUALE))Vol. XII, p. 937 VISIONE (intellectual mystical phenomenon). – The term, which physiologically means the act of seeing, in the history of religions designates the divine and…
Visionaries(FANTASIASTI)Vol. V, p. 629 FANTASIASTI: v. MONOFISITI.
Visitation(VISITAZIONE)Vol. XII, p. 943 VISITAZIONE. – Religious order, known as the Visitandines or the Order of the V. I. HISTORY. — The V. was the joint work of St. Francesco di Sales (v.) and St.…
Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary(VISITAZIONE DI MARIA SANTISSIMA)Vol. XII, p. 944 VISITATION OF MOST HOLY MARY. – Feast of the universal Church, celebrated on 2 July with the double rite of the II class. The basis of the feast is the…
Visits of Heat(VISITE DI CALORE)Vol. XII, p. 946 VISITE DI CALORE. — This is the name given to the visits which the newly elected cardinal begins to receive immediately after receiving from the cardinal…
Vistarini, Giovanni BattistaVol. XII, p. 946 VISTARINI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA. - Missionary, born at Lodi on 16 Sept. 1814, died at Negombo on 19 March 1895. He was ordained priest in 1840. During the first…
Vit, Vincenzo deVol. XII, p. 946 VIT, VINCENZO DE. — Scholar, born on 10 July 1810 at Mestrino (Padua), died on 18 Aug. 1892 at Domodossola. Ordained a priest in 1836 and a professor at that…
Vita e PensieroVol. XII, p. 955 VITA E PENSIERO. - Monthly review founded in November 1914 by Fr. Agostino Gemelli, O. F. M., Dr. Vico Necchi, and Monsignor Francesco Olgiati. The programme…
Vita Latent(VITA LATENTE)Vol. XII, p. 955 VITA LATENTE. – Latent life falls within the field of biological adaptations. It is to be understood as a reduction to the minimum of every vital activity, but…
Vitae PatrumVol. XII, p. 954 VITAE PATRUM. – A Latin collection of legends of the saints, in 10 books, formed in the 6th century, edited by H. Rosweyde, Antwerp 1615 (reproduced in PL…
Vitale and Agricola, Saints, Martyrs(VITALE E AGRICOLA, SANTI, MARTIRI)Vol. XII, p. 956 VITALE and AGRICOLA, saints, martyrs. — They were respectively servant and master and were martyred for the Christian name at Bologna around 304, during the…
Vitale and Valeria, Saints, Martyrs(VITALE E VALERIA, SANTI, MARTIRI)Vol. XII, p. 956 VITALE and VALERIA, saints, martyrs. - They are respectively the titular saints of the basilica of S. Vitale at Ravenna and of the church (now uncovered) of S.…
Vitale Du Four (De Furno)Vol. XII, p. 956 VITALE du FOUR (de Furno). — Franciscan philosopher and theologian, b. at Bazas, near Bordeaux, around 1260, d. at Avignon on 16 August 1327. Between 1285 and…
Vitale of Antioch(VITALE DI ANTIOCHIA)Vol. XII, p. 956 VITALE of ANTIOCH: V. APOLLINARE DI LAODICEA. VITALE, abbot of SANKT PETER and bishop of SALISBURGO, saint. - A disciple of St. Ruperto (v.), with whom he came…
Vitale, Abbot of Sankt Peter and Bishop of Salzburg(VITALE, ABATE DI SANKT PETER E VESCOVO DI SALISBURGO)Vol. XII, p. 956 VITALE, abbot of SANKT PETER and bishop of SALZBURG, saint. Marble tomb slab of St. V., work of Master Hans (1497)—Salzburg, abbey church of Sankt Peter. It…
Vitali, LuigiVol. XII, p. 957 VITALI, LUIGI. - Priest and writer, b. at Bellano (Como) in 1836, d. at Colico on 6 Nov. 1919. He celebrated his first Mass on 23 June 1859, on the eve of the…
Vitalian, Pope, Saint(VITALIANO, PAPA, SANTO)Vol. XII, p. 957 VITALIANO, PAPA, saint. — Little is known about the activity of Pope V. (30 July 657–27 June 672). It is known only that he maintained good relations with the…
Vitalism(VITALISMO)Vol. XII, p. 957 VITALISM. – In a very broad sense, it comprises the scientific and philosophical doctrines that affirm the irreducibility (both from the ontological and from…
Vitamins(VITAMINE)Vol. XII, p. 958 VITAMINE. — These are regulatory principles, for the most part chemically known, contained in animal and plant tissues used as food. The name “vitamines,” due…
Vitelleschi, GiovanniVol. XII, p. 960 VITELLESCHI, GIOVANNI. — Cardinal, born at Corneto (Tarquinia) to an honorable family, in his youth he served under the condottiero Tartaglia; under Martino V…
