Aureli (Aurel), CesareVol. II, p. 255 AURELI (AUREL), CESARE. - Sculptor, born and died in Roma (1844-1923). His most significant works are the statue of Card. Massaia (1893) in the church of the…
Aureli, Hypogeum Of The(AURELI, IPOGEO DEGLI)Vol. II, p. 255 AURELI, IPOGEO degli. – Discovered in Rome in 1919 near Viale Manzoni, this sepulchral complex consists of four rooms built at different levels, comprising an…
Aurelian (Lucius Domitius Aurelianus), Roman Emperor(AURELIANO (LUCIUS DOMITIUS AURELIANUS), IMPERATORE ROMANO)Vol. II, p. 256 AURELIANO (Lucius Domitius Aurelianus), ROMAN EMPEROR. — Born in Pannonia, he was a brave soldier and commander; he ascended the throne in 270, at a very…
Aurelian of Arles(AURELIANO DI ARLES)Vol. II, p. 256 AURELIANO di ARLES. - He held the episcopal see of this city in the years 546–55. For the two monasteries founded at Arles by the Frankish king Childeberto,…
Aurelian of Reomé(AURELIANO DI REOMÉ)Vol. II, p. 256 AURELIANO di REOMÉ. - French monk who lived in the 9th century. His treatise De musicae disciplina, written around 830, of which two manuscripts are preserved,…
Aurelio, Saint(AURELIO, SANTO)Vol. II, p. 257 AURELIO, saint. — Bishop of Carthage and primate of the African Church from approximately 392 to 429. While still a deacon, he showed great charity toward the…
Aureoli (Aurioli, Orioli, etc.), Pietro(AUREOLI (AURIOLE, ORIOLE, ECC.), PIETRO)Vol. II, p. 257 AUREOLI (AURIOLE, ORIOLE, etc.), PIETRO. — Franciscan philosopher and theologian, born in the diocese of Cahors ca. 1280 (?), died at Avignon or Aix on 10 (?)…
Auria, Bernardino Bonifacio, Marquis D'(AURIA, BERNARDINO BONIFACIO, MARCHESE D')Vol. II, p. 258 AURIA, BERNARDINO BONIFACIO, marchese d': v. BONIFACIO BERNARDINO.
Auriemma, Tomaso(AURIEMMA TOMASO)Vol. II, p. 258 AURIEMMA TOMASO. - Jesuit ascetical writer, b. in Napoli probably in 1614, d. there on 26 Nov. 1671. A religious from 1632, he was a teacher of literature and…
Aurifaber (Goldsmid), AegidiusVol. II, p. 258 AURIFABER (GOLDSMITH), AEGIDIUS. - Ascetic writer of the Charterhouse of Würzburg (Germany), died 20 Feb 1466 as vicar of the Charterhouse of Zierikzee (Island…
Aurifex Buonfigli, NicolaVol. II, p. 258 AURIFEX BUONFIGLI, NICOLA. – Italian Carmelite, born around 1529 in Siena, where he donned the Carmelite habit and earned a degree in theology; died in Siena…
AuriolVol. II, p. 258 AURIOL. - A French town in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône, famous for two Early Christian altars of singular form, destroyed together with their church…
Aurispa, GiovanniVol. II, p. 259 AURISPA, GIOVANNI. - Humanist, born perhaps at Noto, in Sicily, probably in 1569, died at Ferrara in 1459. He studied at Naples, where he was at the time of…
Aurogallus (Goldhahn), MatthaeusVol. II, p. 259 AUROGALLUS (GOLDHAHN), MATTHAEUS. - Lutheran philologist, b. about 1490 at Komotau (Bohemia); having come to Wittenberg (1519), he became there (1521)…
AuroraVol. II, p. 259 AURORA. - Daily newspaper published in Rome from 1 Jan. 1880 to 11 July ’81. It was founded under the auspices of Leone XIII, chiefly through the work of the…
Aurora Caelum PurpuratVol. II, p. 259 « AURORA CAELUM PURPURAT ». - Hymn of the Breviary for Lauds in Eastertide, contained in manuscripts of the ninth century. From the stanzas, flowing lightly…
Aurora Iam Spargit PolumVol. II, p. 259 « AURORA IAM SPARGIT POLUM ». – Hymn for Saturday Lauds, contained in manuscripts of the ninth century. Just as the light of the dawning day dispels the…
Aurora Islands(AURORA, ISOLE)Vol. II, p. 259 AURORA, ISOLE: v. NUOVE EBIDII ISOLE.
Aurora Soli PraeviaVol. II, p. 259 « AURORA SOLI PRAEVIA ». – Hymn of Lauds for the feast of the apparition of Our Lady of Lourdes, composed in 1890, the year in which the Office was approved…
Auscentius, Bishop Of Durostorum(AUSSENZIO VESCOVO DI DUROSTORO)Vol. II, p. 264 AUSSENZIO bishop of DUROSTORO. - He lived in Moesia Secunda (Silistria, in Bulgaria) in the fourth century, and was a disciple of Ulfila, the apostle of the…
Ausculta FiliVol. II, p. 259 « AUSCULTA FILI ». — Bull addressed by Pope Bonifacio VIII on 5 Dec. 1301 to Filippo il Bello, King of France. It begins with the same words as the Rule of s.…
Ausonius(AUSONIO)Vol. II, p. 260 AUSONIO. — Decimus Magnus Ausonius, born in Bordeaux around 310, after a thorough literary education, taught in his native city for thirty years, first grammar…
AuspicioVol. II, p. 263 AUSPICIO. – From Lat. auspicium, from avis, bird, and spe(i)cio, I see. Among the Romans, the proclaimers of the divine will were above all the birds (ex…
Auspicio, Bishop Of Toul(AUSPICIO, VESCOVO DI TOUL)Vol. II, p. 264 AUSPICIO, bishop of TOUL. — He is mentioned twice by Apollinaris Sidonius (Ep., IV, 17; VII, 10). We have from him a poetic letter, written around 475–80, to…
Austin, Diocese Of(AUSTIN, DIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 264 AUSTIN, diocese of. — Pope Pius XII, by the apostolic Constitution Ad animarum bonum of 15 November 1947, created the new diocese of A. (Texas, United States),…
AustralasiaVol. II, p. 264 AUSTRALASIA. - By this term some geographers designate Indonesia or Insulindia (the Dutch Indies); others, however, the whole comprising Australia, the Malay…
AustraliaVol. II, p. 264 AUSTRALIA. – The smallest of the continents (approximately three-quarters the size of Europe), the farthest from Europe, and the only one situated entirely in…
AustriaVol. II, p. 270 AUSTRIA. – A state of Central Europe, comprising almost the entire northern versant of the Eastern Alps, from the Swiss border (Vorarlberg) to Burgenland with…
Autarchy(AUTARCHIA)Vol. II, p. 286 AUTARCHIA. — According as the term derives from αὐτάρχια or from αὐτάρχια, it assumes the meaning of self-government or self-sufficiency. The former is applied…
Authentication(AUTENTICAZIONE)Vol. II, p. 286 AUTHENTICATION. — This is the attribution to a document, a written text, or some other object of the force of bearing public faith and constituting full proof.…
Authenticity and Canonicity(AUTENTICITÀ E CANONICITÀ)Vol. II, p. 558 AUTHENTICITY AND CANONICITY. — a) That the book is the work of Jeremiah’s secretary is asserted by the title itself, which also specifies the date of…
Author, Right of(AUTORE, DIRITTO DI)Vol. II, p. 294 AUTORE, DIRITTO DI: v. PROPRIETÀ IMMATERIALE.
Authority(AUTORITÀ)Vol. II, p. 294 AUTHORITY. – In a broad sense, authority signifies any power existing in a superior over subjects to direct, govern, and, if necessary, compel. Authority may…
Authorization(AUTORIZZAZIONE)Vol. II, p. 306 AUTORIZZAZIONE: v. BENEPLACITO; LICENZA.
Auto Da FéVol. II, p. 289 AUTO DA FÉ. — According to our lexicographers, the a. d. f., a Spanish-Portuguese expression, would be “the execution of a sentence of the tribunal of the…
Autocephalous Churches(AUTOCEFALE, CHIESE)Vol. II, p. 287 AUTOCEFALE, CHIESE. – In general, the particular Churches that depend on no other Church and govern themselves in a wholly independent and autonomous manner…
Autocitisi (Autos 'Self' and Ktisis 'Creation')(AUTOCITISI (ΑΥ̓ΤΌΣ «STESSO» E ΚΤΊΣΙΣ «CREAZIONE»))Vol. II, p. 289 AUTOCITISI (αὐτός “same” and κτίσις “creation”). — Self-creation, self-positing. The word goes back to B. Spaventa; the concept is central to Gentile’s…
Autocracy(AUTOCRAZIA)Vol. II, p. 289 AUTOCRACY. – The nominal definition defines the concept of a., which, deriving from αὐτός and κράτος, includes the idea of force free from any moral or…
Autodecision(AUTODECISIONE)Vol. II, p. 290 AUTODECISIONE. – The faculty or right of peoples to dispose freely of themselves is designated by the term self-determination or autodisposizione. Unknown to…
Autoeducation(AUTOEDUCAZIONE)Vol. II, p. 291 AUTOEDUCAZIONE : v. EDUCAZIONE.
Autofecundation(AUTOFECONDAZIONE)Vol. II, p. 291 AUTOFECONDAZIONE : v. FECONDAZIONE.
Automatism(AUTOMATISMO)Vol. II, p. 291 AUTOMATISM. – Automatic are those actions of the psyche or the soma which, not subject or only minimally subject to the vigilance of consciousness, unfold…
Autonomy(AUTONOMIA)Vol. II, p. 292 AUTONOMIA. – From the Greek αὐτονομία, it is, in general, the ability to govern oneself by one’s own laws. I. SOCIAL A. — The principle of the a. of the will,…
AutosVol. II, p. 306 AUTOS. — This name designates dramatic compositions in one act, on religious subjects, which reached their greatest perfection and success in Spain with…
Autpert, Ambrose (Ambrosius Autpertus, Authortus, not well Authortus)(AUTPERTO, AMBROGIO (AMBROSIUS AUTPERTUS, AUTHORTUS, NON BENE AUTHORTUS))Vol. II, p. 308 AUTPERTO, AMBROGIO (Ambrosius Autpertus, Authortus, incorrectly Authortus). – Ecclesiastical writer, born of a distinguished family at the beginning of the 8th…
Autun, Diocese of(AUTUN, DIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 308 Autun, Diocese of. — In central-eastern France, in the department of Saône-et-Loire. The episcopal see is at Autun, situated on a small hill in the area…
Auxentius (Auxentios), Intrusive Bishop of Milan(AUSSENZIO ('ΑΥΞΉΝΤΙΟΣ), VESCOVO INTRUSO DI MILANO)Vol. II, p. 264 AUSSENZIO ('Αυξήντιος), intruding bishop of MILAN. — The emperor Constantius, having driven Bishop Dionysius from Milan, installed the Arian A. there (355). He…
AuxerreVol. II, p. 310 AUXERRE. – Capital of the department of Yonne (France). Near the settlement of the Senonian Gauls, called Autricum, the Romans built a new city, Autessiodorum,…
Auxiliaries, Saints(AUSILIATORI, SANTI)Vol. II, p. 260 AUSILIATORI, saints. — This name designates a group of 14 saints to whose intercession the Christian people are accustomed to have recourse in difficult…
Auxiliary(AUSILIARE)Vol. II, p. 260 AUSILIARE: v. COADIUTORE.
Auxiliatrices Of The Souls In Purgatory(AUSILIATRICI DELLE ANIME PURGANTI)Vol. II, p. 260 Auxiliatrices of the Souls in Purgatory. - A congregation founded in Paris by Mother Mary of Providence (Eugenia Smet) at the encouragement of St. Curé of Ars…
AvaVol. II, p. 310 AVA. - She is the first German poetess whose name is known to us. Towards the end of the 11th century and at the beginning of the 12th, she composed a poetic…
AvallonVol. II, p. 310 AVALLON. - Chief town in the department of Yonne, 52 km. from Auxerre, on the right bank of the Cousin River. It is the ancient Aballo in the Itinerary of…
AvalokiteśvaraVol. II, p. 311 AVALOKITEŚVARA. - He is one of the great Bodhisattvas, that is, a Buddha in potency, who has renounced entering Nirvāṇa (v.) until all beings have been…
Avancini, NicolaVol. II, p. 311 AVANCINI, NICOLA. - Jesuit writer, born in Val di Non (Trento) in 1611, died in Rome on 6 Dec. 1686. Learned in various disciplines, he held chairs of letters…
Avanzini, PietroVol. II, p. 311 AVANZINI, PIETRO. — Priest, born in Rome in 1832 and died there on 7 April 1874. In 1865 he began publishing the Acta Sanctae Sedis (v.); and in 1871 he…
Avanà(ÀVANA)Vol. II, p. 311 ÀVANA : v. SAN CRISTOFORO DELL'ÀVANA.
Avarice(AVARIZIA)Vol. II, p. 312 AVARICE. – Avarice is an excessive love of riches, that is, a love that goes beyond the rule of reason, which requires that means be subordinated to the end…
AvatāraVol. II, p. 312 AVATĀRA. - Sanskrit term from the root tar with the prefix ava, “to descend”: literally, “descent,” used especially to indicate the descent, the incarnation of…
Ave Maris StellaVol. II, p. 318 « AVE MARIS STELLA ». — Inno alla Vergine, che si recita ai Vespri di quasi tutte le sue feste. La struttura, lasciata intatta nella riforma degli inni sotto…
Ave Regina CaelorumVol. II, p. 321 « AVE REGINA CAELORUM ». - It is the second of the four great Marian Antiphons, and is recited, after the Office, from 3 February until Holy Thursday. Its…
Ave Verum Corpus NatumVol. II, p. 328 « AVE VERUM CORPUS NATUM ». — One of the best-known medieval Eucharistic salutationes. It appears in manuscripts from the fourteenth century onward and has…
Avedikian, GabrielVol. II, p. 312 AVEDIKIAN, GABRIEL. - Mekhitarist of Venice, b. in Constantinople in 1750, d. 24 Dec. 1827, professor of theology and rhetoric at S. Lazzaro, master of novices…
Aveia VestinaVol. II, p. 313 AVEIA VESTINA. — Ancient city of Samnium, not far from Fossa. In the Roman Synod of 465, a Gaudentius, bishop aviciensis, appears; L. Duchesne rightly claims…
Aveiro, Diocese of(AVEIRO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 313 AVEIRO, diocese of. — In Portugal, suffragan of Braga. The city of A. (on the site of ancient Talabuzza) is situated on the estuary of the Vouga and is the…
Aveiro, Pantaleão deVol. II, p. 313 AVEIRO, PANTALEÃO de. — In the Portuguese prose of the sixteenth century, rich in curious and interesting accounts of journeys to foreign lands, a particular…
Avellana, Collection(AVELLANA, COLLEZIONE)Vol. II, p. 313 AVELLANA, COLLECTION. — This is a collection, compiled by an unknown author in Rome in 553 or shortly thereafter, containing various documents from the years…
Avellino, Diocese of(AVELLINO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 313 AVELLINO, diocese of In Irpinia, in the province of Avellino. Divided into 50 parishes, it has 124 diocesan priests and 27 regular priests; 120,000…
Avempace (Abū Bakr ibn al-Šāʾig, also known as Ibn Bājjah or Bājjah, Latinized as Avempace)(AVEMPACE (ABŪ BAKR IBN AY-ŠĀ'IG, DAL SOPRANNOME DI IBN BĀǦǦAH O BĀǦAH, CHE I LATINI VOLSERO IN AVEMPACE))Vol. II, p. 319 AVEMPACE (Abū Bakr ibn ay-Šā'ig, from the nickname ibn Bāǧǧah or Bāǧah, which the Latins rendered as Avempace). — Philosopher, mathematician, physician, and…
Avenarius (Latinization of Habermann)(AVENARIUS (LATINIZZAZIONE DI HABERMANN))Vol. II, p. 319 AVENARIUS (Latinization of HABERMANN).—Two authors of this name: I. JOHANN, Hebraist and ascetical writer, b. at Eger in 1516, d. at Zeitz in 1590. Having…
Avenarius, RichardVol. II, p. 319 AVENARIUS, RICHARD. — Philosopher and physicist, born in Paris in 1845, died in Zurich in 1896. He taught philosophy at the University of Zurich. His principal…
AvencebrolVol. II, p. 319 AVENCEBROL: V. AVICEBRON.
Avendaño, Diego deVol. II, p. 319 AVENDAÑO, DIEGO de. – Jesuit theologian and canonist, born in Segovia (Spain) in 1594, died in Lima (Peru) on 31 August 1688. After studying philosophy in…
Aventinus, Johannes (Johann Turmair)Vol. II, p. 320 AVENTINUS, JOHANNES (JOHANN TURMAIR). — Born at Abensberg in 1477, died at Ratisbona in 1534. He is the author of the Annales Boiorum, for which he deserved…
Averescu, AlessandroVol. II, p. 321 AVERESCU, ALESSANDRO. – Romanian marshal and statesman, born in Ismail on the Danube on 22 April 1859, died in Bucharest on 3 October 1939. He brilliantly…
Averlino, AntonioVol. II, p. 321 AVERLINO, ANTONIO: V. FILARETE (IL).
Averroism(AVERROISMO)Vol. II, p. 322 AVERROISMO. — From the second half of the thirteenth century through the entire sixteenth century, those who, in the controversies surrounding Aristotle’s…
Averroës (Ibn Rushd, Abū al-Walīd Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad; Latin: Averroes)(AVERROË (IBN RUŠD, ABŪ 'L-WALĪD MUḤAMMAD B. AḤMAD B. MUḤAMMAD; LAT. AVERROES))Vol. II, p. 321 AVERROË (Ibn Rušd, Abū 'l-Walīd Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Muḥammad; lat. Averroes). — While in the East Arabic philosophy rapidly declined after Avicenna, in Spain,…
Aversa, Diocese of(AVERSA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 325 AVERSA, DIOCESE OF. — In the province of Naples, immediately subject to the Holy See. It comprises 63 parishes; 251 diocesan priests and 46 regular clergy. The…
AvestaVol. II, p. 326 AVESTA. – A. is the name given to the collection of the sacred and canonical books of the Mazdeans, that is, the followers of the religion of Ahuramazda. The…
Avetikh of Ezinghā (Jerznglatzī)(AVETIKH DI EZINGHĀ (JERZNGLATZĪ))Vol. II, p. 327 AVETIKH di EZINGHĀ (Jerznglatzī). - Called Kešis Oklū, dissident Armenian patriarch of Constantinople. Born in Tokat (vilayet of Sivas, in Asia Minor) in 1657;…
AvezzanoVol. II, p. 328 AVEZZANO: v. MARSI. AVIANO, MARCO d'. : v. MARCO D'AVIANO.
Aviat, François de SalesVol. II, p. 328 AVIAT, FRANÇOIS DE SALES. — Born in Sézanne on 16 September 1844, died in Perugia on 10 January 1914. Educated by the Sisters of the Visitation of Troyes under…
AvicebronVol. II, p. 328 AVICEBRON. – Jewish poet and philosopher of the 11th century. It is only a century ago (1846) that, thanks to S. Munk, it became possible to identify the…
AvicennaVol. II, p. 329 AVICENNA (Abū 'Alī al-Ḥusajīn ibn 'Abd Allāh ibn Sīnā, called Avicenna by Latin Scholasticism):—One of the greatest Arab philosophers, a celebrated physician,…
AvidyāVol. II, p. 330 AVIDYĀ - A-vidyā is non-knowing, ignorance, but not in the sense commonly given to this word; rather, in the philosophical-religious sense of ignorance of the…
Avignon Exile(ESILIO D'AVIGNONE)Vol. V, p. 365 EXILE OF AVIGNON. — The sojourn in Avignon (1305–76) of the popes Clement V, Giovanni XXII, Benedetto XII, Clement VI, Innocenzo VI, Urbano V, and Gregorio XI…
Avignon, Archdiocese of(AVIGNONE, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 331 AVIGNON, ARCHDIOCESE OF. - A city in southern France, on the Rhône, at the intersection of important natural routes and in an easily defensible position.…
Avis, Order of Saint Benedict of(AVIS, ORDINE DI SAN BENEDETTO DI)Vol. II, p. 336 AVIS, ORDER OF SAN BENEDETTO. — Military association of Portuguese knights who had returned from the Crusades. Founded around 1146, it received as a gift from…
Avitabile, PietroVol. II, p. 336 AVITABILE, PIETRO. – Theatine, missionary, born on 18 October 1590 in Naples; he entered religious life in 1608 and was initially in Georgia (1626–38), then,…
Avitrani, VincenzoVol. II, p. 337 AVITRANI, VINCENZO. — According to Mazzuchelli and Villarosa, the name is Avinatri. An ascetical writer, born in Bergamo in 1612. He spent almost his entire…
Avitus, Alcimus Ecdicius, Saint(AVITO, ALCIMO ECDICIO, SANTO)Vol. II, p. 336 AVITO, ALCIMO ECDICIO, saint. — Bishop of Vienne in the Dauphiné, born around 450, died shortly after 517. He belonged to a family of senatorial bishops, and…
Avogadro della Motta, EmilianoVol. II, p. 337 AVOGADRO DELLA MOTTA, EMILIANO. - Writer and politician, born at Vercelli on 8 Oct. 1798, died on 9 Feb. 1865. Doctor of law, reformer of schools, promoter of…
AvranchesVol. II, p. 338 AVRANCHES. - Situated between Brittany and Normandy, near the mouth of the river See, in the department of Manche. In the Roman age Abricantes formed part of…
Avrillon, Jean-Baptiste-Élie(AVRILLON, JEAN-BAPTISTE-ELIE)Vol. II, p. 339 AVRILLON, JEAN-BAPTISTE-ELIE. – Ascetical theologian, born on 1 January 1652 in Paris, where he died on 16 May 1729. There he professed the rule of the Minims…
Avvakum, Petrovich(AVVAKUM, PETROVIC)Vol. II, p. 339 AVVAKUM, PETROVIC. — Russian protopope; one of the first and most important leaders of the internal schism of the Russian Church (raskol); born in 1620–21 at…
AvvertenzaVol. II, p. 341 AVVERTENZA. – In general, it is the act of the mind that gives attention to something; in moral matters, it is the act of the mind that considers the goodness…
Avvocati (Avogadro), VincenzoVol. II, p. 342 AVVOCATI (AVOGADRO), VINCENZO. - Dominican theologian, b. 12 Sept. 1702, d. 18 Sept. 1767. Of precocious intellect, at the age of nineteen he left the legal…
Awakening (Protestant [English: Revival])(RISVEGLIO (PROTESTANTICO [INGLESE: REVIVAL]))Vol. X, p. 580 RISVEGLIO (Protestant [English: revival]). — This name designates in Protestantism collective religious movements often followed by extraordinary psychic…
Axe, Cult of the(ASCIA, CULTO DELL')Vol. II, p. 87 AXE, CULT OF THE. — The axe, whether single-edged, double-edged, or double axe, has influenced humanity’s religious beliefs. By ancient and modern peoples…
Axilla, Saint(ASELLA, SANTA)Vol. II, p. 89 ASELLA, santa. – Roman virgin, died at the beginning of the 5th century. St Jerome praises her greatly, making known in his letter to Marcella (384) the…
Axiom (Ἀξίωμα, from ἀξιόω «I esteem, judge well»)(ASSIOMA (ἈΞΊΩΜΑ, DA ἈΞΊΩ «STIMO, GIUDICO BENE»))Vol. II, p. 126 AXIOM (ἀξίωμα, from ἀξίω “I esteem, judge worthy”). - In its current sense, an a. is a general principle of immediate evidence that does not require…
Ayacucho, Diocese of(AYACUCHO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 344 AYACUCHO, DIOCESE of. — In the Republic of Peru, department of A., suffragan of Cuzco. It extends across the southern part of Peru, between the ancient city of…
Aymer de La Chevalerie, HenrietteVol. II, p. 344 AYMER DE LA CHEVALERIE, HENRIETTE. — Born on 11 April 1767 at St-Georges-de-Noisné (Poitou), she died in Paris on 23 November 1834. She suffered imprisonment…
Ayroles, Jean-BaptisteVol. II, p. 344 AYROLES, JEAN-BAPTISTE. — French Jesuit, born at Py (Pyrénées-Orientales) in 1828, died at Bordeaux in 1921. Having entered the novitiate of the Society in…
Ayroli, Giacomo MariaVol. II, p. 344 AYROLI, GIACOMO MARIA. - Jesuit exegete, b. at Genova in 1660, professor of Hebrew at the Roman College, successor to Card. Tolomei in the chair of…
Aysén, Apostolic Prefecture of(AYSÉN, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. II, p. 344 AYSÉN, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. - In South America. This prefecture was erected on 17 Feb. 1940, by the division of the southern part of the diocese of S.…
Azara, José Nicolás de, Marchese di Nibbiano(AZARA, JOSÉ NICOLAS DE, MARCHESE DI NIBIANO)Vol. II, p. 345 AZARA, JOSÉ NICOLAS de, Marchese di NIBIANO. - Aragonese politician and diplomat, b. 1730, d. 1804. He was a follower of the philosophy and systems of the…
Azariah(AZARIA)Vol. II, p. 345 AZARIA (OZIA): v. OZIA.
Azariah (Hebrew: 'Azaryah[û] «Yahweh helps»)(AZARIA (EBR. 'AZARJAH[Ú] « JAHWEH SOCCORRE »))Vol. II, p. 345 AZARIA (Heb. ’Azarjah[ú] “Jahweh helps”). — Name of numerous biblical figures (from 25 to 30), of whom the most important are: 1) A., son of Achimaas (v.), was…
Azarian, Aristace (Aristakes)Vol. II, p. 345 AZARIAN, ARISTACE (Aristakes). - Second general abbot of the Mekhitarist monks of Vienna; titular archbishop of Caesarea, b. in Constantinople on 28 July 1782.…
Azeglio Taparelli, Massimo d'Vol. II, p. 346 AZEGLIO TAPARELLI, MASSIMO d'. – Lithograph by Chardon. Rome, Museum of the Risorgimento. This is not enough for him: from the “patriotic” paintings, such as…
Azeglio, Cesare Taparelli, Marquis d'(AZEGLIO, CESARE TAPARELLI, MARCHESE D')Vol. II, p. 346 AZEGLIO, CESARE TAPARELLI, marquis d'.—Zealous apostle of the Catholic press, father of the well-known writers Luigi (v. TAPARELLI) and Massimo (v. sotto), b.…
Azeglio, Massimo Taparelli d'Vol. II, p. 346 AZEGLIO, MASSIMO TAPARELLI d'. - Politician and man of letters, b. in Torino on 24 Oct. 1798, fourth child of Cesare and Cristina Morozzo di Bianzè, d. on 15…
Azerbaijan(ASERBAIGIAN)Vol. II, p. 90 ASERBAIGIAN. – The largest (85,500 sq. km.), though not the most populous, of the three Soviet federated Republics of the Transcaucasian sector. Having entered…
Azevedo, Inácio, Martyr, Blessed(AZEVÊDO, INÁCIO, MARTIRE, BEATO)Vol. II, p. 348 AZEVÊDO, INÁCIO, martyr, blessed. — A Jesuit, born near Porto in 1528 to a family of ancient nobility, he entered religious life at Coimbra in 1548. He was…
Azevedo, Luiz Gonzaga de(AZEVÊDO, LUIZ GONZAGA DE)Vol. II, p. 348 AZEVÊDO, LUIZ GONZAGA de. – Portuguese Jesuit, born at Arcos de Val de Vez (Minho) in 1867, died at La Guardia on 9 March 1930. He entered the Society in 1898,…
Azevedo, Manuel de(AZEVÊDO, MANUEL DE)Vol. II, p. 348 AZEVÊDO, MANUEL de. — Portuguese Jesuit, born in Coimbra on 25 December 1713, died in Piacenza on 2 April 1796. He lived for many years in Rome and was highly…
AziendaVol. II, p. 348 AZIENDA. – An organic combination of the factors of production undertaken for the purpose of producing goods or providing services in the most economical…
Azor, JuanVol. II, p. 367 AZOR, JUAN. – Jesuit, born in Lorca (Murcia) and died in Rome in 1603. He taught dogmatic and moral theology also in Rome, where he also collaborated in…
AzpilcuetaVol. II, p. 367 AZPILCUETA: v. MARTÍN DE AZPILCUETA, NAVARRUS.
Azpuru y Ximenes, ThomasVol. II, p. 367 AZPURU Y XIMENES, THOMAS. – Spanish prelate, born in Saragossa in 1713, died in Rome in 1772. He was a canon of Murcia, auditor of the Rota for Spain in Rome,…
Aztecs(AZTECHI)Vol. II, p. 367 AZTECHI: v. MESSICO, RELIGIONE del.
Azul, Diocese of(AZUL, DIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 367 AZUL, DIOCESE of. — In Argentina, a suffragan see of Buenos Aires, in the state of the same name, erected on 20 April 1934 with twenty-three parishes from the…
Azzanesi, AchilleVol. II, p. 367 AZZANESI, ACHILLE. — Papal colonel, born in Rome on 10 August 1823, died there in 1888. He entered service on 10 August 1839, fought against the Austrians at…
Azzi, Orazio (Ignazio) degliVol. II, p. 367 AZZI, ORAZIO (IGNAZIO) degli. – Franciscan exegete, born in Parma on 27 April 1673, died on 11 November 1757. In the Order he was a lecturer in theology and…
Azzoguidi, BaldassarreVol. II, p. 367 AZZOGUIDI, BALDASSARRE. - A noble citizen of Bologna, born in the decade between 1430 and 1440. He was the first to introduce the art of printing into Bologna,…
Azzolini, DecioVol. II, p. 368 AZZOLINI, DECIO. - Cardinal, b. at Fermo on 11 Apr. 1623, d. at Roma on 8 June 1689. Having graduated very young in philosophy, he went to Spain in the retinue…
Azzolino (Ascelinus, Aicelinus, Azelinus, Ezelinus)Vol. II, p. 368 AZZOLINO (Ascelinus, Aicelinus, Azelinus, Ezelinus). - A Lombard (from Cremona?), Dominican, sent by Innocent IV to the “king of the Tartars.” He left Lyons in…
Azzone de RamenchisVol. II, p. 368 AZZONE de RAMENCHIS. – Italian canonist of the 14th century, son-in-law of Giovanni d'Andrea (v.); he was certainly a professor at Bologna in 1339; he died…
AzzorreVol. II, p. 368 AZZORRE: v. ANGRA, DIOCESI di.
Azzurri, FrancescoVol. II, p. 368 AZZURRI, FRANCESCO. - Architect, b. in Rome in 1827, d. there in 1901; president of the Accademia di S. Luca, in his principal works of civil architecture he…
Aśvaghoṣa(AÇVAGHOŞA)Vol. I, p. 180 AÇVAGHOŞA: v. ASVAGHOŞA.
Aśvaghoṣa(AŠVAGHOŠA)Vol. II, p. 172 AŠVAGHOŠA. — Indian poet—lyric, epic, and dramatic—as well as philosopher and, according to his Tibetan biographer, musician, composer, and itinerant director…
Aśvin(AŠVIN)Vol. II, p. 172 AŠVIN. – The “masters of horses” (Alvin) and horsemen, who, awakened by the Dawn, appear together in the morning sky, are the subject of 54 hymns in the Rgveda…
AšipuVol. II, p. 115 AŠIPU. — The A. (“conjurer, exorcist”) is one of the major priests of the Babylonian-Assyrian religion. He is charged, by means of magical acts, with removing…
AštišadVol. II, p. 159 AŠTIŠAD. – An ancient city of Armenia, in the province of Duruperan, on the Arazani, a tributary of the Euphrates, very famous in pagan antiquity as a sacred…
ÀvariVol. II, p. 311 ÀVARI. – Of Mongolian stock, originating from the Asian plateau and displaying a marked affinity with the Huns, the A. turned, shortly after the middle of the…
Ágreda, María de, Venerable(ÁGREDA, MARIA DE, VENERABILE)Vol. I, p. 357 ÁGREDA, MARIA de, venerable. — A mystic Poor Clare, in the world Maria Coronel, born at Ágreda (Burgos) on 2 April 1602, died there on 24 May 1665. At the age…
Álvarado, Alonso deVol. I, p. 577 ÁLVARADO, ALONSO de. – Spaniard, missionary in the Far East. In 1530 he entered the Augustinian Order at Salamanca, and in 1542 departed for Mexico; from there…
Álvares, Gaspar Afonso(ÁLVARES, GASPAR AFFONSO)Vol. I, p. 577 ÁLVARES, GASPAR AFFONSO. – Jesuit missionary, born near Coimbra in 1626, died at São Tomé on 24 November 1708. He entered religious life in 1641, departed for…
Álvares, JoãoVol. I, p. 577 ÁLVARES, JOÃO. - Benedictine monk of the Military Order of Avis, born at Torres Novas at the beginning of the 15th century, died after 1470. Secretary to the…
Álvarez de Paz, DiegoVol. I, p. 578 ÁLVAREZ DE PAZ, DIEGO. — One of the principal spiritual authors of the Society of Jesus. Born in Toledo in 1560, he entered the Society of Jesus in 1578 and…
Álvarez de Toledo, GabrielVol. I, p. 578 ÁLVAREZ de TOLEDO, GABRIEL. - Spanish writer, born at Seville in 1662 of a noble family of Portuguese origin, and died in 1714. He was among the founders of…
Álvarez de Toledo, JuanVol. I, p. 578 ÁLVAREZ de TOLEDO, JUAN. — Cardinal, born in 1488 to the dukes of Alba, died in 1557. He took the Dominican habit at S. Stefano di Salamanca. He became bishop…
Álvarez Pereira, Nuno, Blessed(ÁLVAREZ PEREIRA, NONIO, BEATO)Vol. I, p. 579 ÁLVAREZ PEREIRA, NONIO, blessed. - Constable of Portugal, born at Bomiardim in 1360 into a noble family. Although honored by Queen Eleonora, seeing that her…
Álvarez, BaltasarVol. I, p. 577 ÁLVAREZ, BALTASAR. – Spanish ascetical theologian, born at Cervera del Rio Alhama (1533 or 1534), died at Belmonte (Toledo) on 25 July 1580. He became a Jesuit…
Álvarez, DiegoVol. I, p. 578 ÁLVAREZ, DIEGO. - Spanish Dominican, born at Medina del Rio-Seco, in Old Castile, around the middle of the 16th century. He was professor of theology in Spain…
Álvarez, ManoelVol. I, p. 578 ÁLVAREZ, MANOEL. – Portuguese Jesuit, born at Ribeira Brava (Madeira) in 1526 and died at Évora on 30 December 1582. He was rector of the colleges of Coimbra…
Álvaro, Paolo (Paulus Albarus, Alvarus), of Cordova(ÁLVARO, PAOLO (PAULUS ALBARUS, ALVARUS), DI CORDOVA)Vol. I, p. 579 ÁLVARO, PAOLO (Paulus Albarus, Alvarus), of CORDOVA. — Spanish medieval writer, Jewish by origin, born near Cordova at the end of the eighth century and died…
Álvaro, Pelayo (Pelagius)(ÁLVARO, PELAYO (PELAGIO))Vol. I, p. 579 ÁLVARO, PELAYO (PELAGIO). — Bishop of Silves and author of various politico-religious works, born in Spain around 1275–80. He taught canon law at Bologna and…
Ávalos, Ferdinando Francesco d', Marquis of Pescara(ÁVALOS, FERDINANDO FRANCESCO D', MARCHESE DI PESCARA)Vol. II, p. 311 ÁVALOS, FERDINANDO FRANCESCO d', marchese di PESCARA. - Born in 1490 and died at Milan, as a result of a war wound, in 1525. As a vassal of Spain, he served…
Ávila, Diocese of(ÁVILA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. II, p. 335 ÁVILA, DIOCESE OF In Spain, a suffragan of Valladolid (1851), with its see at Ávila (Abila, Abela, Abula), a city of Old Castile, situated at a high elevation…
Ávila, Juan de, Blessed(ÁVILA, JUAN DE, BEATO)Vol. II, p. 335 ÁVILA, JUAN de, blessed. — Born at Almodóvar del Campo (Spain) in 1499 or 1500 and died at Montilla (province of Córdova) on 10 May 1659. He was a spiritual…
Đakovo(DJAKOVO)Vol. IV, p. 1019 DJAKOVO: v. SIRMIO.
