B
2,066 articles · 249 under Br · English index · Indice italiano-
Braccesco, Carlo
Lombard painter, named "magister Carolus de Mediolano" in a document of 14 Nov. 1481. His first work, signed Carolus Mediolanensis, is a polyptych in the… -
Braccialetto (Armilium, Armilla, Brachiale, Manica)
From prehistoric times down to the present, the bracelet has constituted a decoration for the arm of both men and women. It is almost always of metal, worked… -
Bracciantato (Agricolo)
A bracciante is the peasant laborer, without particular specialization, who finds temporary employment on the agricultural holding under a short-term… -
Braccio da Montone
Condottiere, son of O. Fortebracci, founder of a school of military art, b. perhaps at Montone (Perugia) on 1 July 1368, d. at L'Aquila on 5 June 1424. His… -
Bracciolini, Francesco
Poet, b. at Pistoia on 26 Nov. 1566; he studied law at his father's wish, but soon felt drawn to poetry and gave such proof of his ability that, barely twenty… -
Bracciolini, Poggio (Poggio Fiorentino)
Born at Terranova Valdarno, near Arezzo, ca. 1380. Not rich in family property, he had a difficult time in his early studies. In Florence, at the school of… -
Bracci, Pietro
Sculptor and architect, b. in Rome on 16 July 1700, d. there on 13 Febr. 1773. He was perhaps a pupil of C. Rusconi, and carried on his activity mainly in… -
Bracco, Roberto
Playwright and short-story writer, b. in Naples in 1862, d. at Sorrento on 20 April 1943. Having entered journalism at a very young age, he became one of the… -
Bracket (MENSOLA)
In architecture, a load-bearing element consisting of a block of stone or wood (from the Latin mensula = small tablet) that projects in part from the wall in… -
Bradley, Francis Herbert
English philosopher, b. at Glasbury (Wales) on 30 Jan. 1846 and d. at Oxford on 18 Sept. 1924. He is the last representative of that idealism which Coleridge… -
Bradwardine (Bragwardin, Bredwardin, Bradvardinus), Thomas (BRADWARDINE (BRAGWARDIN, BREDWARDIN, BRADVARDINUS), TOMMASO)
English theologian, philosopher, scientist and mathematician, b. in the diocese of Chichester ca. 1290, d. at Lambeth (London) on 26 Aug. 1349. He accompanied… -
Bragadino, Marcantonio
Born in 1523 into a well-known Venetian patrician family. He is found in Cyprus in 1570 as a military captain, when war between Venice and the Turks was… -
Braga, Diocese of (BRAGA, DIOCESI DI)
In the north of Portugal, capital of a department in the province of Minho. Conquered by the Romans and called Bracara Augusta, it formed a conventus of… -
Bragança, Diocese of (BRAGANÇA, DIOCESI DI)
Nel Brasile, Stato di S. Paolo. La diocesi fu eretta il 24 luglio 1925 con la bolla Ad Sacram Petri sedem con 10 parrocchie dell'arcidiocesi di S. Paolo e 2… -
Braganza (Bragança), Diocese of (BRAGANZA (BRAGANÇA), DIOCESI DI)
Ancient city of Portugal, in the province of Trás-os-Montes, at 685 m. of altitude on a hill that dominates a smiling plain. In the ancient nucleus of the… -
Brahma (BRAHMĀ)
The faith in B., the masculine personification of Brahman (v.), after having been alive in India throughout the entire epic age (4th century B.C.-4th century… -
Brahman
The word occurs in the Veda, with different gender and accent, in two different meanings. Brahman, neuter, is first the "prayer," endowed with magical power… -
Brāhmaṇa
This adjective, derived from Brahman (v.), means "concerning worship or the priesthood," but when used substantively it takes on a different meaning according… -
Brahmanism (BRAHMANESIMO)
B. derives from brahman, as Christianity derives from Christ, but while a Christian is one who professes the religion of Christ, a brahman is one who is in… -
Brāhma Samāj
The name means "congregation of Brahman," that is, "of God." From the attempt to reconcile Christianity with Hinduism, this B. S. was born, founded by Ram… -
Brahms, Johannes
Musician, b. in Hamburg on 7 May 1833, d. in Vienna on 3 Apr. 1897. Of his many compositions of a religious character (Ave Maria for choir and orchestra… -
Braille, Louis
Born at Coupvray (Seine-et-Marne) on 4 Jan. 1809 and died in Paris on 6 Jan. 1852. Blind, he devoted himself to the education of his companions in misfortune… -
Brain (CERVELLO)
The encephalon (from Gr. ἐγκέφαλος) constitutes the most important center of the entire nervous system and is located in the cavity of the skull, while the… -
Bramante, Donato
Architect and painter, b. at Monte Asdrualdo (now Fermignano) near Urbino in 1444, d. at Rome on 11 April 1514. Biographical documents are scanty, and the very… -
Bramantino (Suandi, Bartolomeo) (BRAMANTINO (BARTOLOMEO SUANDI))
Milanese painter and architect. The year of his birth is not known; from the documents it appears that in 1503 he is called to a consultation for the fabric of… -
Brambilla, Francesco the Elder (BRAMBILLA, FRANCESCO IL VECCHIO)
Sculptor, died in Milan in 1570, author of statues and reliefs in the Cathedral of that city, among which should be remembered the marble panels for the organ… -
Brambilla, Francesco the Younger (BRAMBILLA, FRANCESCO IL GIOVANE)
Sculptor, active in the second half of the 16th century, d. in Milan in 1599. He worked for the building of the Cathedral, supplying, among other things, as… -
Brammart, Johannes
Carmelite theologian, b. at Aachen in the 14th century and d. at Cologne on 8 Sept. 1407. He taught at Paris and at Cologne, and from 1384 to 1404 he was… -
Brancacci, Nicola
Cardinal, b. in Naples to a patrician family, d. in Florence on 29 June 1412. After taking a degree in law, he became a canon of the cathedral of Naples.… -
Brancaccio (Brancatio), Cesare
Apostolic nuncio, b. in Naples in 1515 or 1516. After taking part in the Neapolitan revolution against the Spaniards, he took refuge in France, from where he… -
Brancaccio, Stefano
Cardinal, b. in Naples in 1618, d. in Viterbo on 8 Sept. 1682, he was the nephew of Cardinal Francesco Maria B. After obtaining a degree in law, he was… -
Brancati di Lauria
Of the Conventual Friars Minor, in the world Gian Francesco, in religion Lorenzo, b. at Lauria in Lucania on 10 Aug. 1612, d. at Rome on 30 Nov. 1693. He… -
Brancati, Francesco
Missionary in China, b. in Palermo in 1607, received into the Society of Jesus in 1623. Having arrived in China in 1637, he carried out almost all of his… -
Branchereau, Louis
French priest, b. at S. Pierre di Montlimart (Vendée) on 21 Dec. 1819, d. at Issy on 23 Dec. 1913. He entered St. Sulpice in 1841, taught philosophy at the… -
Branda da Castiglione
Cardinal, b. at Castiglione Olona in 1350, d. there on 3 February 1443. He was already known as a canonist when he was sent to Rome by Gian Galeazzo Visconti… -
Brandea
With this term the early Christians designated those linen cloths or veils which, having been applied directly to the body or the tomb of the saints, were… -
Brandes, Georg
Danish writer of Jewish origin, b. in Copenhagen on 4 February 1842 and d. there on 17 February 1927, author of works of aesthetic, historical and… -
Brandi, Giacinto
Painter, b. at Poli in 1623, d. in Rome in 1691. He was a pupil of Lanfranco, in whose workshop he remained until around 1650, and from him he inherited… -
Brandileone, Francesco
Legal historian, b. at Buonabitacolo (Salerno) on 25 January 1858; d. at Naples on 10 April 1929. He taught the History of Italian law at the universities of… -
Brandi, Salvatore Maria
Jesuit, writer, b. in Naples on 2 May 1852, d. there on 5 Sept. 1915. After completing his studies in theology at Woodstock, in the United States, he was… -
Brandl, Petr
Painter, b. in 1688 in Prague, d. in 1739 in Kutná Hora. Through the study of the Italian Caravaggisti and naturalists, completed by that of the works of… -
Brandolini, Aurelio
Humanist and Augustinian theologian, b. in Florence in the second quarter of the 15th century, d. in Rome in 1497. Although he was almost blind from birth, he… -
Brandts, Franz
Sociologist and industrialist, b. at München-Gladbach on 12 Nov. 1834, d. there on 5 Oct. 1914. He has the merit of having promoted the textile industry in the… -
Brant, Sebastian
German satirical poet and humanist, b. in Strasbourg in 1457 and d. there in 1521. After studying at the University of Basel, he remained there as a teacher of… -
Bra, Sanctuary of the Madonna of the Flowers of (BRA, SANTUARIO DELLA MADONNA DEI FIORI DI)
It owes its name to the characteristic fact of the annual flowering, in the depths of winter, of certain wild blackthorn bushes ("prunus spinosa"), which are… -
Braschi, Family (BRASCHI, FAMIGLIA)
Leaving aside the supposed origins attributed to it, one may think that it derives from northern Italy, whence came to Romagna a captain FRANCESCO, whose son… -
Brasseur de Bourbourg, Charles-Étienne (BRASSEUR DE BOURBOURG, CHARLES-ETIENNE)
Missionary, historian and ethnographer, b. at BOURBOURG on 8 September 1814, d. at Nice on 1 January 1874. He studied theology at Ghent and in Rome, where he… -
Brassicanus, Johann Alexander
Catholic humanist, b. in 1500 and d. in Vienna in 1539. His family was from Constance and was called Köll (cabbage, a name he Latinized as B.). A humanist very… -
Bratislava (Pressburg, Pozsony)
Capital of Slovakia, on the Danube, on the slopes of the Carpathians. It was a Roman camp; then in the 9th century a castle of Great Moravia, and later part of… -
Braulio of Saragossa, Saint (BRAULIO DI SARAGOZZA, SANTO)
Bishop of Saragossa, b. ca. 590, d. 651. From a distinguished Hispano-Roman family, he was educated at Saragossa in the monastery of St. Engratia; around 620… -
Braun, Johann Karl
Priest, supporter of popular education and social uplift in Alsace, b. at Gebweiler on 20 July 1820, d. at Einsiedeln (Switzerland) on 24 June 1877. B. is… -
Braun, Joseph
German art historian and archaeologist, b. at Wipperfürth in the Rhineland on 31 Jan. 1857, d. at Pullach on 11 July 1947. A Jesuit from 4 Oct. 1890, he taught… -
Braun, Karl
German Jesuit and astronomer, b. at Neustadt (Hesse) on 27 April 1831, d. at Radegund (Styria) on 1 June 1907. He was a pupil of the German College in Rome and… -
Braun, Matyas Bernard
Sculptor, b. in 1684 at Ötz in the Tyrol, d. 15 February 1738 at Prague. He trained and carried out his activity exclusively in Bohemia, to whose artistic… -
Braun, Placidus
Benedictine historian, b. at Peiting on 2 Jan. 1756, d. at Augsburg (Bavaria) on 23 Oct. 1829. He entered the Order in 1775 and in 1785 became librarian and… -
Braunsberger, Otto
German Jesuit, b. at Füssen (Bavaria) in 1850, d. at Roermond on 26 March 1926; he was ordained a priest in 1874; he entered the Society in 1878. He published… -
Brauronia (BRAURONIE (ΒΡΑΥΡΌΝΙΑ))
Festivals in honor of Artemis, celebrated at Brauron on the eastern coast of Attica and particularly intended for women. The priestesses of the goddess were… -
Bravi, Giuseppe Maria
A Silvestrine, Apostolic Vicar of Colombo (Ceylon), born at Monte Santo, diocese of Fermo, on 16 December 1813. Sent by Gregory XVI in 1845 together with his… -
Brazil (BRASILE)
The Estados Unidos do Brasil, a federal republic of 20 states, 5 territories and 1 federal district, covers by itself a little less than half of the whole of… -
Brazza
BRAZZA: V. LESINA. -
Brazzaville, Apostolic Vicariate of (BRAZZAVILLE, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)
The city of B., capital of French Equatorial Africa, on the right bank of the Congo, at the point where the river widens to form Stanley Pool, has 25,000… -
Breaking of Bread (Ἐλᾶσις τοῦ δρῦσου) (FRACTIO PANIS (ἘΛΑ͂ΣΙΣ ΤΟΥ͂ ΔΡΥ͂ΣΟΥ))
It is the act of breaking bread to indicate a meal in (de Hieronymi Fracastori... carmina, Padua 239) FRACASTORO, GEROLAMO. - Portrait - Vatican Library, copy… -
Breasted, James Henry
Egyptologist, b. 27 Aug. 1865 in Rochford (U.S.A.), d. 2 Dec. 1935. From 1905 to 1925 he was professor of Egyptology and Egyptian archaeology at Chicago; there… -
Brébeuf, Giovanni de, Saint (BRÉBEUF, GIOVANNI DE, SANTO)
BRÉBEUF, GIOVANNI de, santo: v. CANADESI, MARTIRI santi. -
Brébeuf, Jean de (GIOVANNI DE BREBEUF)
GIOVANNI de BREBEUF: v. CANADO-AMERICANI, MARTIRI. -
Breda, Diocese of (BREDA, DIOCESI DI)
In Holland, suffragan of Utrecht. It occupies the western part of the civil province of North Brabant and the southern part of the civil province of Zeeland.… -
Bredenbach, Matthias
German humanist and Catholic polemicist, b. at Kierspe (Duchy of Berg) in 1499, d. at Emmerich on 5 June 1559. After completing his studies at the University… -
Bregno, Andrea
Sculptor and architect, b. at Righeggia near Ozeno in 1418, d. in Rome in Sept. 1503: in 1506 a funeral monument was erected to him in the cloister of S. Maria… -
Bregno, Antonio
Called A. da Como. Sculptor, b. at Righeggia (Como), active with his brother Paolo in the 15th century in Venice, where their only securely attributed work is… -
Bréhal, Jean
Dominican, inquisitor general of France, b. in Normandy at the beginning of the 15th century. He was already inquisitor general when, in 1452, Card. G.… -
Breislak, Scipione
Scolopio geologist, b. in Rome on 16 Aug. 1750, d. in Milan on 15 Feb. 1826. He taught physics and mathematics in various houses of the Piarist Schools, and… -
Breme, Abbey of San Pietro di (BREME, ABBAZIA DI SAN PIETRO DI)
Founded in 929 in the town of the same name (Bremetum, Bremitum or Bremidum) in the Lomellina (today the diocese of Vigevano) by Marquis Adalbert, father of… -
Bremen-Hamburg, Ancient Diocese of (BREMA-AMBURGO, ANTICA DIOCESI DI)
In the year 780 Charlemagne entrusted to the Anglo-Saxon missionary Willehad the region between the Elbe, the city of Norden and the banks of the lower Weser.… -
Bremond, Henri
Writer, b. at Aix-en-Provence on 31 July 1865, d. at Arthez d'Asson on 17 Aug. 1933. Having entered the Society of Jesus (1882) and completed his studies in… -
Brendan (Brandan), Saint (BRENDANO (BRANDANO), SANTO)
He belongs to the group of the great Irish monks of the 6th century. Patron saint of the Ciarraige, an ancient people scattered over the western part of… -
Brenet, Michel
Pseudonym of Marie Bobillier, b. at Lunéville in 1858, d. at Paris in 1918. A scholar of music history, she wrote: Histoire de la Symphonie... jusqu'à… -
Breno, Carlo Francesco
BRENO, CARLO FRANCESCO: v. CARLO FRANCESCO da BRENO. -
Brentano, Franz
Philosopher, b. at Marienberg near Boppard on the Rhine on 16 January 1838 into a Catholic family of Italian origin, d. at Zurich in Switzerland on 17 March… -
Brentano, Giuseppe
Architect, b. in Milan in 1862 and d. there in 1889, a pupil of Camillo Boito. His principal work is the design for the facade of Milan Cathedral, which won… -
Brentano, Klemens Maria
German writer, b. at Ehrenbreitstein on 8 September 1778, and d. at Aschaffenburg on 28 July 1842. He is one of the principal representatives of the so-called… -
Brentano, Ludwig Joseph
German sociologist and economist b. at Aschaffenburg on 18 Dec. 1844, d. at Munich on 9 Sept. 1931. He is one of the principal exponents of the historical… -
Brenti, Rosa Teresa
Foundress of the Institute of the Most Holy Sacrament of Fognano (Ravenna), b. at Tredozio (Forlì) on 23 Feb. 1790, d. at Fognano on 7 Dec. 1872. A Dominican… -
Brentwood, Diocese of (BRENTWOOD, DIOCESI DI)
In England, county of Essex (northeast of London), erected on 22 March 1917 as a suffragan of Westminster. The church of the Sacred Heart and St. Helen, built… -
Bresadola, Giacomo
Priest, mycologist, b. at Ortisei (Trento) on 14 Feb. 1847, d. at Trento on 9 June 1927. A priest in 1870, chaplain in various places, parish priest at Magnas… -
Brescello
An ancient city of Transpadane Gaul, mentioned by Suetonius, Tacitus, Ptolemy, Plutarch and Pliny, now a small agricultural village in the province of Reggio… -
Brescia, Diocese of (BRESCIA, DIOCESI DI)
A city of the Cenomani, later a Roman colony (Brixia), it has notable monuments and inscriptions from the first centuries. After declining through the… -
Bresciani (Borsa), Antonio
Jesuit, writer, b. at Ala in the Trentino on 24 July 1798, d. at Rome on 14 March 1862. Of a noble family, he studied with the abbot Monterossi. Ordained a… -
Breslau [Wrocław] (Vratislavia), Archdiocese of (BRESLAVIA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
Now in Poland. Capital of Silesia and metropolitan see. I. FORMATION (1000-1335). - The diocese of B. was founded around the year 1000, simultaneously with… -
Bressani, Francesco Giuseppe
Missionary in Canada and confessor of the faith. Born in Rome on 16 May 1612, he entered the Society of Jesus in 1626. After completing his studies in Rome and… -
Bressanone, Diocese of (BRESSANONE, DIOCESI DI)
In Alto Adige, in the province of Bolzano. The city, at 560 m., lies in a sunny basin where the Rienza joins the Isarco. In the second half of the 6th century… -
Brest-Litovsk (BREST-LITOWSK)
BREST-LITOWSK: v. UNIONE DEGLI ORIENTALI. -
Bretenières, Simon-Marie-Antoine-Just-Ranfer de
One of the last martyrs of Korea. Born at Chalons-sur-Saône on 28 February 1838, he entered the Foreign Missions of Paris in 1861, and, having been ordained a… -
Brethren of Plymouth (FRATELLI DI PLYMOUTH)
FRATELLI DI PLYMOUTH: V. DABBITI. -
Brethren of the Free Spirit (FRATELLI DEL LIBERO SPIRITO)
FRATELLI DEL LIBERO SPIRITO: v. LIBERO SPIRITO. -
Bretonvilliers, Alexandre Le Ragois de
French Sulpician, b. in Paris in 1621 and d. there in 1676, a disciple of the venerable Olier, whom he succeeded in the parish of St. Sulpice (1653) and in the… -
Bretschneider, Karl Gottlieb
German Protestant theologian and critic, b. at Gersdorf (Saxony) on 11 Feb. 1776, d. at Gotha on 22 Jan. 1848. Author of numerous works, in the theological… -
Breu, Jörg, the Elder (BREU, JÖRG, IL VECCHIO)
Painter, woodcut artist and designer of stained glass, b. in Augsburg in c. 1475, d. there in 1537. Active (after a study trip to Austria), from 1502 in… -
Brévedent, Charles-François de
French missionary, b. at Genneville (Calvados) in 1659, entered the Society of Jesus in 1674, set out in 1692 for the mission of Syria. He worked first in… -
Breviarium Alaricianum
BREVIARIUM ALARICIANUM: v. ALARICO II. -
Breviarium (Breviarius)
They mean compendium (like breviculum and breviculus) and already in the classical age they are often used as the title of books (Augustus had a B. imperii… -
Breviary (BREVIARIO)
It is the liturgical book that contains the divine office (v.) according to the rite of the Roman Church. The term b. (brief note, compendium), already used in… -
Brevicoxa
It is the Latinized name of Jean Courtecuisse. A theologian, statesman and orator of the University of Paris at the time of the Western Schism, he was born at… -
Brevilineo
Adjective in use in the language of the Italian constitutionalist school that traces back to A. De Giovanni, G. Viola, N. Pende, to designate the human… -
Brezina, Otokar
Pseudonym of Václav Jebarý. Czech poet, b. near Tábor in 1868, d. at Jaroměřice in 1929. He wrote: « The Mysterious Distances » (Tajemné dálky), « Dawn in the… -
Briand, Aristide
French politician, b. 28 March 1862 in Nantes, d. 7 March 1932 in Paris. After having carried on journalistic activity for several years, collaborating with… -
Briant, Alexander, Blessed (BRIANT, ALEXANDER, BEATO)
English martyr, b. in 1551 or 1553 in Somersetshire. Converted while studying at Oxford, he entered the English college of Douai (then at Reims), was ordained… -
Briard (Briaert), Jean
Theologian and philosopher, called Athensis, b. at Beloeil (Ath) in Belgium in the second half of the 15th century and d. on 8 Jan. 1520. He studied at the… -
Brick Seal (BOLLO LATERIZIO)
A stamp that the Romans impressed on ceramic manufactures, especially plates, vases, tiles and bricks. It proves very useful for determining the age of objects… -
Briconnet, Guillaume (BRIÇONNET, GUILLAUME)
Known under the name of Cardinal of St-Malo, born at Mours on an uncertain date and died at Narbonne on 14 Dec. 1514. He was intendant general of finance of… -
Bridel, Bedřich (BRIDEL, BEDRICH)
Bohemian Jesuit, b. in 1619, d. at Kutná Hora in 1680. He translated various ascetic works into Bohemian, but is especially remembered in our days for his… -
Bridget of Jesus (BRIGIDA DI GESÙ)
In the world Morello, foundress of the Ursulines of Piacenza, b. at Pagana, near Rapallo, on 17 June 1610, d. on 3 Sept. 1679. Married to Matteo Zingani, she… -
Bridget of Kildare, Saint (BRIGIDA DI KILDARE, SANTA)
Virgin, patroness and protectress of Ireland, second only to St. Patrick in the veneration of her people. Reliable historical data about her are lacking, but… -
Bridget, Saint (BRIGIDA, SANTA)
Foundress of the Brigittine Order of St. Saviour. I. LIFE. - She was born, it seems, in the year 1303 at the castle of Finsta in Uppland (Sweden) and died in… -
Brief (BREVE)
A name given in the Middle Ages to various types of documents, still used today to indicate a special form of pontifical document. The most common meaning in… -
Brienne, Étienne-Charles Loménie de (BRIENNE, ETIENNE-CHARLES LOMÉNIE DE)
Cardinal, b. in Paris on 9 Oct. 1727, d. 18 Feb. 1794. A characteristic figure of an 18th-century prelate, destined by his family for the ecclesiastical state… -
Brienza, Serafino
A Dominican of the Neapolitan convent of S. Domenico Maggiore, master in theology, one of the greatest and most renowned spiritual directors of the 18th… -
Briet, Philippe
French Jesuit, b. at Abbeville in 1601, d. at Paris in 1668. Having entered the Society in 1619, he taught rhetoric for many years, chiefly at Paris. He… -
Briggs, Charles Augustus
Orientalist and theologian, b. in New York on 15 Jan. 1841, d. there in Jan. 1913. Until 1893 he belonged to the Presbyterian Church, then to the Episcopal.… -
Brigham
BRIGHAM: v. MORMONI. -
Brignole Sale, Antonio
Marquis of Groppoli. Diplomat and politician, b. 22 May 1786 in Genoa, and d. there 14 Oct. 1863. After the annexation of the Ligurian Republic to France, he… -
Brignole Sale Negrone College (COLLEGIO BRIGNOLE SALE NEGRONE)
It was founded in 1852 by the Marquis Antonio Brignole Sale together with his consort Artemisia Negrone, for the purpose of educating in sacred studies certain… -
Brigot, Pierre
B. at Sully (France) on 1 Sept. 1713, d. at Pondicherry 1 Nov. 1791. In 1743 he was sent to Siam; he worked at Mergui, and from 1742 to 1750 he was pro-vicar… -
Brill
Family of painters from Antwerp; to it belong the brothers Matthew (b. 1550, d. in Rome 1583) and Paul (b. 1554, d. in Rome 1626), who carried on their… -
Brill, Jakob
Dutch false mystic, b. at Leiden on 21 Jan. 1639, d. there on 28 Jan. 1700. He adhered to various Protestant mystical currents, such as that of G. Voetius and… -
Brindisi, Archdiocese of (BRINDISI, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
B., a city of Apulia, is situated at the bottom of a deep inlet, which presents two branches inland: the intervening spur is occupied by the built-up area; the… -
Brinkmann, Johannes Bernhard
Bishop, b. 4 Feb. 1813 at Everswinkel near Münster, d. 13 Apr. 1889 at Münster. Ordained priest in 1839, he carried out pastoral ministry at Beckum and in the… -
Brioschi, Pietro Adamo
Missionary of the Pontifical Institute for Foreign Missions of Milan, archbishop of Cartagena (Colombia). Born at Tradate (Milan) on 7 April 1860, died in… -
Briosco, Andrea
BRIOSCO, ANDREA: v. RICCIO, ANDREA. -
Briosco, Benedetto
Lombard architect and sculptor of the 15th century, a pupil of Amadeo, he worked especially in Milan; of his activity in that cathedral only a statue… -
Brisbane, Archdiocese of (BRISBANE, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
The circumscription, erected as a diocese suffragan to Sydney (Australia) on 12 April 1859, was elevated on 10 May 1887 to the rank of metropolitan. In 1929… -
Brisselot, Jean
Carmelite from Flanders, born at Valenciennes, where he took the religious habit; having obtained a doctorate in theology in Paris (1502), he was then a… -
Brisson, Louis-Alexandre
French priest, b. at Plancy (Aube) in 1817, d. there on 2 February 1908. Under the impulse of the Visitandine Mother Marie de Sales Chappuis (d. 1875), he… -
Bristow, Richard
English theologian, b. at Worcester in 1538, d. at Harrow-on-the-Hill on 18 Oct. 1581. He studied at Oxford, where he shone for his intellect, especially on… -
Britain, Evangelization of (BRITANNIA, EVANGELIZZAZIONE DELLA)
The southern part (south of the 55th parallel) of present-day England and Scotland began to be called B. when the Britons settled there. I. THE BRITONS. - They… -
British Museum
In London, next to the "Victoria and Albert Museum," which contains a large collection of early Christian objects, Coptic textiles (catalogue by Kendwick)… -
British West Indies (INDIE OCCIDENTALI BRITANNICHE)
The name West Indies designates the archipelagos of Central America known as the Greater and Lesser Antilles. This name dates back to the time of Christopher… -
Brito, Bernardo de
Portuguese Cistercian monk, in the world Balthazar de Brito de Andrade, who lived between 1561 and 1617; he was a poet, historian and scholar. His principal… -
Brittain, Thomas Lewis
English Dominican preacher and writer, b. near Chester in 1744 and d. at Hartbury C. (Gloucester) on 3 May 1827. Converted from Protestantism at the age of 16… -
Brittany (BRETAGNA)
Historical region of France, corresponding to the peninsula of the same name (250 km long, at most 170 wide), which breaks away from the continental mass… -
Britto, Ignácio de (BRITTO, IGNACIO DE)
Indo-Portuguese Barnabite, missionary, b. in Rangoon (Burma) in 1765. Guided to the faith by Fr. Sangermano (v.), he entered the Barnabites. He worked in the… -
Britto, João de, Saint (BRITTO, JOÃO DE, SANTO)
BRITTO, JOÃO de, santo: v. GIOVANNI DE BRITTO, saint. -
Brittone, Saint (BRITTONE, SANTO)
Bishop of Trier from 373 to 386; in 374 he took part in the Council of Valence. He took part in the Roman Council of 382 as primate, in fact if not by right… -
Brixen
BRIXEN: v. BRESSANONE. -
Brizio (Briccio, Briccius, Brisius), Saint (BRIZIO (BRICCIO, BRICCIUS, BRICCIUS, BRISIUS), SANTO)
Bishop of Tours from 397 to 444. A disciple of St. Martin, he at first responded little to the Saint's care, but afterward he merited being called to succeed… -
Brjančaninov, Ignatij
Russian ascetic and mystic, b. in 1807, d. in 1867. Of an aristocratic family, he was first a military engineer, afterwards became a monk and became abbot in a… -
Brno (Brünn), Diocese of (BRNO (BRŮNN), DIOCESI DI)
Capital of Moravia (Czechoslovakia), area 10,370 sq. km., pop. 1,259,613, of whom 1,113,189 are Catholics; it comprises 449 parishes with 1044 churches, 786… -
Brocade (BROCCATO)
BROCADE : v. STOFFE. -
Brocadelli, Lucia, Blessed (BROCADELLI, LUCIA, BEATA)
BROCADELLI, LUCIA, beata: v. LUCIA DA NAR- NI, blessed. -
Broca, Paul-Pierre
French surgeon, naturalist and anthropologist, b. at Ste-Foy-la-Grande on 28 June 1824, d. in Paris on 9 July 1880. He founded the Société d'Anthropologie in… -
Brocardi Giuridici
It is held by some that the expression brocardia derives from a corruption of the word burcardus, a term by which the Decretum of Burchard of Worms, otherwise… -
Brocarts (Brocardus), Nikolaus
Carmelite theologian, b. at Sittard on 21 Aug. 1687, d. at Worms on 29 Sept. 1760. He taught philosophy and theology in the schools of his Order and in the… -
Brockhmand, Jesper Rasmussen
Leader of the school of Lutheran theology in Denmark, from 1620 he was a professor at Copenhagen and from 1638 bishop of Seeland. His boldest theological… -
Broda (Bred), Andreas
Theologian. The place and date of his birth are unknown; he died in Leipzig in 1427. He completed his studies at the University of Prague, where he took his… -
Broederlam, Melchior
Flemish-Burgundian painter, b. at Ypres; documents concerning him date from 1381 to 1409. He was one of the principal artists at the court of the dukes of… -
Broët, Paschase (BROËT, PASCASE)
One of the nine first companions of St. Ignatius of Loyola, b. at Bertrancourt near Amiens in France, in 1500, d. of plague in Paris on 14 Sept. 1562. Already… -
Broggio, Giulio e Ottaviano
Architects. GIULIO, b. in Milan, moved very early to Bohemia, of which he became (1673) a citizen, d. at Litoměřice in 1718. At Litoměřice he built the… -
Broglie, Auguste-Théodore-Paul de
French apologist and philosopher, b. at Auteuil on 18 June 1834, d. by assassination in Paris on 11 May 1895. Left motherless at the age of four, he was… -
Broglie, Jacques-Victor-Albert de
French politician and historian, b. in Paris on 15 May 1821 and d. there on 9 Jan. 1901. In 1843 he began his political career as a secretary, subsequently at… -
Broglie, Maurice-Jean-Madeleine, Prince of (BROGLIE, MAURICE-JEAN-MADELEINE, PRINCIPE DI)
Bishop, b. at the castle of Broglie, in Normandy, on 5 Sept. 1766, d. on 20 July 1821 in Paris. Educated at the seminary of St. Sulpice, in Paris, he was at… -
Brokov (Brokoff)
Bohemian sculptors. FERDINAND MAXIMILIAN b. in 1688 at Červený Hrádek, d. in 1731 at Prague. His principal works of a religious character, which together… -
Brollo, Basilio, of Gemona (BROLLO, BASILIO, DA GEMONA)
One of the most illustrious Franciscan missionaries, and the first vicar apostolic of Shensi. Born at Gemona in Friuli on 25 March 1648, he entered the Order… -
Brom, Giesbert
Dutch priest and historian, b. at Utrecht on 3 February 1864, d. at Rome on 6 February 1915. He studied at Rome and frequented the Vatican Archives, and this… -
Brondi, Maria Caterina
Mystic, b. at Sarzana on 24 March 1684, d. at Pisa on 28 July 1719. Singular phenomena accompanied her mystical itinerary: ecstasies, revelations… -
Bronze (BRONZO)
Used for a great many purposes since antiquity, bronze played a preponderant part in Greek statuary beginning with the Attic period (6th century B.C.). The… -
Bronze Sea (MARE DI BRONZO)
A vast water reservoir resting on 12 bronze oxen arranged in groups of three at the four cardinal points. Circular in shape, with a diameter of 10 cubits (=… -
Bronze Serpent (SERPENTE DI BRONZO)
On the march of some months that brought the Israelites from Moses to the Arnon, in view of the "steppes of Moab," the people once again manifested their… -
Bronzino, Angelo (Agnolo Tori)
Painter and poet, b. at Monticelli (Florence) on 17 Nov. 1503, d. on 23 Nov. 1563. As a very young man he worked under Raffaellino del Garbo, but before long… -
Brooklyn, Diocese of (BROOKLYN, DIOCESI DI)
In the State of New York (United States of A.); a suffragan diocese of New York. Erected on 29 July 1853 by the dismemberment of that of New York, the diocese… -
Brorson, Hans Adolf
Danish religious poet, b. at Randrup on 20 July 1694 and d. at Ribe on 3 June 1764. The son of a Protestant pastor, he was himself a pastor and, from 1741… -
Brosses, Charles de
French writer, b. in Dijon on 7 Feb. 1709 and d. in Paris on 7 May 1777. Councillor in the Parliament of Dijon, then President and First President, he is… -
Brothers (FRATELLI)
A name common to numerous Protestant sects. Besides the Bohemian Brethren (v.), the Moravian Brethren (v.), the Brethren of Christ or Christadelphians (v.) and… -
Brothers Hospitallers of Saint John of God (OSPEDALIERI DI SAN GIOVANNI DI DIO (FATEBENEFRATELLI))
Religious order, founded by St. John of God, who in 1537 founded a hospital for the poor in Granada and gathered around himself some companions in the… -
Brothers Hospitallers of Saint John of God - The Complex of Hospitals on the Tiber Island and the Principal Seat of the Order (OSPEDALIERI DI SAN GIOVANNI DI DIO - IL COMPLESSO DEGLI OSPEDALI DELL'ISOLA TIBERINA E LA SEDE PRINCIPALE DELL'ORDINE)
The complex of the Hospitals of the Tiber Island and the main seat of the Order - Rome. on which the hospitals depended. Also belonging to the category of… -
Brothers of Charity (FRATELLI DELLA CARITÀ)
Religious congregation founded in Ghent in 1807 by Canon P. J. Triest. The exercise of charity to which the F.are devoted is expressed in the care of the sick… -
Brothers of Christian Instruction of Ploërmel (FRATELLI DELL'ISTRUZIONE CRISTIANA DI PLOËRMEL)
Institute founded in 1817 at Saint-Brieuc (France), for the education of the children of the common people, by the priest the venerable Jean Marie Robert de La… -
Brothers of Christian Instruction of Saint Gabriel (FRATELLI DELLA ISTRUZIONE CRISTIANA DI SAN GABRIELE)
Religious institute founded in 1816 at Aursy by Gabriel Deshayes (v.) for rural schools, in the spirit of St. John Baptist de La Salle. When Deshayes was… -
Brothers of Free Intelligence (FRATELLI DELLA LIBERA INTELLIGENZA)
FRATELLI DELLA LIBERA INTELLIGENZA: v. GUGLIELMO di HINDERNISSEN. -
Brothers of Jesus (FRATELLI DI GESÙ)
Blood relatives of Jesus who in the Gospels (Mt. 12:46; 13:55; Mk. 3:31; 6:3; Lk. 8:19-21; Jn. 2:12; 7:3-5) and Acts 1:14 are called "his brothers" and in the… -
Brothers of Mercy (Montabaur, Limburg) (FRATELLI DELLA MISERICORDIA (MONTABAUR, LIMBURGO))
The first origins of this Congregation of lay brothers go back to 1852, in which year some young men, under the direction of Peter Loetschert, began to live a… -
Brothers of Mercy of Mary Help of Christians (Trier) (FRATELLI DELLA MISERICORDIA DI MARIA AUSILIATRICE (TREVIRI))
The servant of God Peter Friedhofen founded in 1851 at Weitaberg, near Koblenz, an institute of lay religious for the care of the sick, including those with… -
Brothers of Our Lady Mother of Mercy (FRATELLI DI NOSTRA SIGNORA MADRE DELLA MISERICORDIA)
Institute founded in 1884 at Tilburg, in Holland, by the local parish priest John Zwijsen, later archbishop of Utrecht, for the Christian education and… -
Brothers of Our Lady of Lourdes (FRATELLI DI NOSTRA SIGNORA DI LOURDES)
Istituto religioso fondato nel 1830 da Modeste-Etienne Glorieux, vicario di St-Hermes a Renoix (Gand), per l'educazione cristiana dei giovani e per… -
Brothers of Our Lady of Mercy (FRATELLI DI NOSTRA SIGNORA DELLA MISERICORDIA)
Religious institute founded at Malines in 1839 by Msgr. Victor G. B. Scheppers for the exercise of the many works of mercy and charity in hospitals, prisons… -
Brothers of Penance of the Third Order of Saint Francis (FRATELLI DELLA PENITENZA DEL TERZ'ORDINE DI SAN FRANCESCO)
In 1866 the priest Francesco Maria Clausade wished to restore the regular Third Order in France and to promote the apostolate in parishes, giving life to this… -
Brothers of Saint Francis Xavier (FRATELLI DI SAN FRANCESCO SAVERIO)
Religious congregation founded in Bruges in 1839 by Theodore Rijken (1797-1871), for the instruction and Christian formation of youth, especially in America.… -
Brothers of Saint Louis Gonzaga (FRATELLI DI SAN LUIGI GONZAGA)
A lay institute of simple vows, founded in 1849 by Fr. William Hellemons, a Cistercian, parish priest of Oudenbosch, diocese of Breda (Holland). Until 1908 it… -
Brothers of Saint Patrick (FRATELLI DI SAN PATRIZIO)
Religious institute founded at Tullow (County Carlow) in 1808 by the priest Daniel Delany, later bishop of Kildare, for the education and instruction of youth… -
Brothers of Saint Vincent de' Paoli (FRATELLI DI SANVINCENZO DE' PAOLI)
Religious congregation founded in Paris in 1845 by G. Le Prevost, for the purpose of caring for the spiritual, social and professional welfare of workers.… -
Brothers of the Common Life (FRATELLI DELLA VITA COMUNE)
A confraternity that arose around 1381 at Deventer (Holland) through the work of Florens Radewijns of Leerdam, master of arts of the University of Prague and… -
Brothers of the Holy Family of Belley (FRATELLI DELLA SACRA FAMIGLIA DI BELLEY)
They were founded in 1835 at Belmont by Gabriel Taborin for the instruction and education of youth and to prepare suitable candidates for service in parishes.… -
Brothers of the Sacred Heart (FRATELLI DEL SACRO CUORE)
Istituto religioso di voti semplici, fondato a Lione nel 1821 dal sacerdote André Coindre (v.), per la cristiana e civile formazione della gioventù in scuole e… -
Brou, Alexandre
French Jesuit, writer and missiologist, b. 26 Apr. 1862 at Chartres, d. at Laval on 12 March 1947. After his studies, largely completed in England because of… -
Broughton, Richard
English Catholic priest and historian, b. at Great Stukeley (Huntingdonshire) around 1556, d. at Wood on 18 January 1635. He studied at Oxford, and then at… -
Brower (Brouwer), Christoph
Jesuit, b. in 1559 at Arnhem (Guelders, Holland), d. at Trier in 1617. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1580, and was rector at Fulda and at Trier. He… -
Browne, Robert
Protestant pastor, b. at Tolethorp (England) ca. 1551, d. at Achurchum-Thorpe, between 1631 and 1633. After studying at Cambridge in Corpus Christi College, he… -
Browne, Thomas
English physician and writer, b. in London on 19 Oct. 1605, d. at Norwich in 1682. In his mind he combined science and superstition, faith and science… -
Browning Barrett, Elizabeth
English poet, b. at Durham on 8 March 1806, d. at Florence on 30 June 1861. Her happy childhood, nostalgically evoked in later years, came to a close with a… -
Browning, Robert
English poet, b. at Camberwell on 17 May 1812, d. at Venice on 12 December 1889. A multiform and emotional spirit, he tempered the happiness of life with the… -
Brownlow, William Robert, Bishop of Clifton (BROWNLOW, WILLIAM ROBERT, VESCOVO DI CLIFTON)
BROWNLOW, WILLIAM ROBERT, vescovo di CLIFTON: v. NORTHCOTE JAMES SPENCER. -
Brown, Robert
Botanist, b. at Montrose in Scotland in 1773, d. in London in 1858, son of a Protestant bishop. He attended Rutherford's lectures in Edinburgh. He was…