Philosophy
Filosofia · 283 articles · Principal contributors · All subjectsPhilosophers (Filosofi)
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Porphyry (PORFIRIO)
PORPHYRY. - Philosopher, b. in 232-33 A.D. probably at Tyre (Vita Plotini, VII) or perhaps in Batanea, an obscure land of Syria or… -
Prisco, Giuseppe
PRISCO, GIUSEPPE. - Cardinal, b. at Boscotrecase (Naples) on 8 Sept. 1833, d. at Naples on 4 Feb. 1923. He studied at the Seminary of… -
Pufendorf, Samuel von
PUFENDORF, SAMUEL von. - Historian, philosopher and jurist, b. at Dorfchemnitz in Saxony on 8 Jan. 1632, d. at Berlin on 26 Oct. 1694.… -
Pythagoras (PITAGORA)
PYTHAGORAS. - The historical figure of P., philosopher and founder of the school that bears his name, was so distorted by later legends… -
Ranzoli, Cesare
RANZOLI, CESARE. - Philosopher, b. in Mantua on 13 April 1876, d. in Genoa on 8 February 1926. He was professor of philosophy at the… -
Ravaisson, Félix
RAVAISSON, FÉLIX. - French philosopher, b. at Namur (Belgium) on 23 Oct. 1813, d. at Paris on 18 May 1900. An independent spirit, he did… -
Reid, Thomas
REID, THOMAS. - English philosopher, b. April 25, 1710 at Strachan, near Aberdeen, at whose university he was a professor from 1752 to… -
Reisch, Gregor
REISCH, GREGOR. - Carthusian, b. at Balingen in inner Württemberg before 1467, d. at Freiburg im Breisgau on 9 May 1525. He studied at… -
Renouvier, Charles
RENOUVIER, CHARLES. - Philosopher, b. at Montpellier on 1 Jan. 1815 and d. at Prades on 1 Sept. 1903. He is considered the founder and the… -
Rensi, Giuseppe
RENSI, GIUSEPPE. - Philosopher and political writer, b. 31 May 1871 at Villafranca (Treviso), d. at Genoa on 9 Feb. 1941. At first a… -
Rickert, Heinrich
RICKERT, HEINRICH. - Philosopher, b. in Danzig on 25 May 1863 and d. on 28 July 1936 in Heidelberg, where he had been a professor (after… -
Riehl, Alois
RIEHL, ALOIS. - Philosopher, b. in Bolzano on 27 Apr. 1844, d. near Berlin on 21 Nov. 1924. He taught at Graz (1873), Freiburg i. B.… -
Roger of Marston (RUGGERO DI MARSTON)
ROGER OF MARSTON. - English Franciscan, philosopher and theologian, b. a little before the middle of the 13th century, d. at Norwich ca.… -
Romagnosi, Giandomenico
ROMAGNOSI, GIANDOMENICO. - Philosopher and jurist, b. at Salsomaggiore on 11 Dec. 1761, d. at Milan on 8 June 1835; author of works on… -
Romano, Giuseppe
ROMANO, GIUSEPPE. - Jesuit philosopher and scholar, b. at Termini (Palermo) on 3 January 1810, d. at Constantinople on 27 March 1878. He… -
Rosenkranz, Johann Karl Friedrich
ROSENKRANZ, JOHANN KARL FRIEDRICH. - German philosopher and literary historian, b. 23 April 1805 in Magdeburg, d. 14 June 1879 in… -
Rosmini Serbati, Antonio
ROSMINI SERBATI, ANTONIO. - Philosopher, theologian, founder of the Institute of Charity, b. at Rovereto (Trento) on 24 March 1797 to Pier… -
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
ROUSSEAU, JEAN-JACQUES. - Philosopher, man of letters, b. June 28, 1712 in Geneva to the Calvinist Isaac R., a watchmaker, and Suzanne… -
Rousselot, Pierre
ROUSSELOT, PIERRE. - Theologian and philosopher, b. in Nantes on 29 Dec. 1878, fell in the battle of the Eparges on 25 Apr. 1915. He… -
Royer-Collard, Pierre-Paul
ROYER-COLLARD, PIERRE-PAUL. - Philosopher and politician, b. June 21, 1763 at Sompuis (Champagne), d. Sept. 4, 1845 at Châteauvieux near… -
Sanseverino, Gaetano
SANSEVERINO, GAETANO. - Neo-Scholastic philosopher, b. in Naples on 7 Aug. 1811, d. there on 16 Nov. 1865. Ordained a priest, he was… -
Santayana (Ruiz), George
SANTAYANA (RUIZ), GEORGE. - Spanish philosopher and writer, b. in Avila on 16 Dec. 1863, d. in Rome on 27 Sept. 1952. Having lived in the… -
Scheler, Max
SCHELER, MAX. - Philosopher, b. in Munich on 22 Aug. 1875, d. in Frankfurt am Main on 19 May 1928. He first taught as a Privatdozent in… -
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph
SCHELLING, FRIEDRICH WILHELM JOSEPH. - Philosopher, b. at Leonberg (Württemberg) on 21 Jan. 1775, d. at Ragaz (Switzerland) on 20 Aug.… -
Schiller, Ferdinand Canning Scott
SCHILLER, FERDINAND CANNING SCOTT. - Philosopher, b. 16 Aug. 1864 at Altona (Germany), d. 7 Aug. 1937 at Los Angeles. He taught philosophy… -
Schlegel, Friedrich von
SCHLEGEL, FRIEDRICH von. - Philosopher, b. in Hanover on 10 March 1772, d. in Dresden on 12 Jan. 1829. He studied philosophy at the… -
Schopenhauer, Arthur
SCHOPENHAUER, ARTHUR. - Philosopher, b. in Danzig on 22 Feb. 1788, d. in Frankfurt am Main on 21 Sept. 1860. Educated in France and in… -
Schultze, Gottlob Ernst
SCHULTZE, GOTTLOB ERNST. - Known under the name of Aenesidemus, German philosopher, b. at Heldrungen (Thuringia) on 30 Aug. 1761, d. at… -
Scoto Eriugena, Giovanni
SCOTO ERIUGENA, GIOVANNI. - Philosopher and theologian, b. in Ireland (in Celtic Eriu, also called Scotia Maior; whence presumably the… -
Secretan, Charles
SECRETAN, CHARLES. - Philosopher, b. in Lausanne on 19 Jan. 1815, d. there on 20 Jan. 1895. He taught philosophy there for about thirty… -
Seneca, Lucius Annaeus
SENECA, LUCIUS ANNAEUS. - Roman philosopher, son of Annaeus Seneca the rhetorician, born at Cordova, in Spain, between 4 and 8 A.D., died… -
Sertillanges, Antonin-Gilbert
SERTILLANGES, ANTONIN-GILBERT. - Dominican philosopher, theologian and sacred orator, b. at Clermont-Ferrand on 17 Nov. 1863, d. at… -
Sextus Empiricus (SESTO EMPIRICO)
SEXTUS EMPIRICUS. - Skeptical philosopher and physician, who lived in the second half of the 2nd century AD. He belonged to the school of… -
Sidgwick, Henry
SIDGWICK, HENRY. - Philosopher, b. May 31, 1838 at Skipton (Yorkshire), d. Aug. 28, 1900 at Cambridge. He studied at Cambridge. A Fellow of… -
Signorello, Nuncio (SIGNORIELLO, NUNZIO)
SIGNORELLO, NUNCIO. - Neo-Scholastic philosopher, b. in Naples in 1831, d. there on 11 Oct. 1889. A pupil of Sanseverino (v.), and like him… -
Sigwart, Christoph Wilhelm
SIGWART, CHRISTOPH WILHELM. - Philosopher, b. 27 March 1830 at Tübingen, d. there 4 Aug. 1904. He studied philosophy, mathematics and… -
Simmel, Georg
SIMMEL, GEORG. - Philosopher, b. 1 March 1858 in Berlin, d. 26 Sept. 1918 in Strasbourg. He was a professor at the Universities of these… -
Simplicius (SIMPLICIO)
SIMPLICIUS. - Neoplatonic philosopher of the 6th century AD. Biographical information is scarce. He was a native of Cilicia, and had as his… -
Soave, Francesco
SOAVE, FRANCESCO. - Scholar and philosopher, b. at Lugano on 10 June 1743, d. at Pavia on 17 Jan. 1806. A Somascan religious, he dedicated… -
Socrates (SOCRATE)
SOCRATES. - One of the greatest philosophers of ancient Greece and one of the greatest personalities of all time. Born in Athens in 469… -
Solovyov, Vladimir Sergeevich (SOLOV'EV, VLADIMIR SERGHĚEVIČ)
SOLOVYOV, VLADIMIR SERGEEVICH. - The greatest Russian philosopher, b. January 16 (28), 1853 in Moscow, d. July 31 (Aug. 13), 1900 near… -
Sorel, Georges
SOREL, GEORGES. - French sociologist, b. at Cherbourg on 2 Nov. 1847, d. at Boulogne-sur-Seine on 30 Aug. 1922. He practiced the profession… -
Spaventa, Bertrando
SPAVENTA, BERTRANDO. - Philosopher, b. at Bomba (Chieti) on 26 June 1817, d. at Naples on 20 February 1883. A pupil at the Seminary of… -
Spedalieri, Nicola
SPEDALIERI, NICOLA. - Apologist and publicist, b. at Bronte (Catania) on 6 Dec. 1740, d. at Rome on 26 Nov. 1795. He completed his early… -
Spencer, Herbert
SPENCER, HERBERT. - English philosopher, b. at Derby on 27 April 1820, d. at Brighton on 8 December 1903. Belonging to a cultured family,… -
Spengler, Oswald
SPENGLER, OSWALD. - Philosopher, b. May 29, 1880 at Blankenburg, d. May 8, 1936 at Munich. He studied mathematics and philosophy at Munich… -
Spinoza, Baruch de
SPINOZA, BARUCH de. - Philosopher, b. in Amsterdam on 24 Nov. 1632 to a Jewish family of Portuguese origin, d. at The Hague on 21 Feb.… -
Steward, Dugald
STEWARD, DUGALD. - English philosopher, b. 22 Nov. 1752 in Edinburgh, d. there 11 June 1828. He taught at the Universities of his native… -
Stirner, Max
STIRNER, MAX. - Pseudonym of the philosopher Johann Caspar Schmidt, b. 25 Oct. 1806 at Bayreuth, d. 25 June 1856 at Berlin. He studied… -
Stöckl, Albert
STÖCKL, ALBERT. - Neo-Scholastic philosopher and theologian, b. 15 March 1823 at Möhren (Middle Franconia), d. at Eichstätt on 15 Nov.… -
Talamo, Salvatore
TALAMO, SALVATORE. - Neo-Thomist philosopher, b. in Naples on 6 Sept. 1854, d. in Rome on 21 Feb. 1932. A disciple of Sanseverino (v.) and… -
Taparelli d'Azeglio, Luigi
TAPARELLI D'AZEGLIO, LUIGI. - Jesuit philosopher, b. in Turin on 24 Nov. 1793, d. in Rome on 21 Sept. 1862. Prospero (such was his… -
Telesio, Bernardino
TELESIO, BERNARDINO. - Philosopher, b. at Cosenza in 1509, d. there in 1588. In 1518 he was in Milan with his uncle Antonio, from whom he… -
Themistius (TEMISTIO)
THEMISTIUS. — Orator and philosopher of the 4th century A.D. (ca. 520-90). Son of Paphlagonian parents, and born probably at… -
Theophrastus (TEOFRASTO)
THEOPHRASTUS. - Peripatetic philosopher and scientist, b. at Eresos on Lesbos, between 372-68 B.C., d. between 288-85. He succeeded… -
Tindal, Matthew
TINDAL, MATTHEW. - English philosopher, b. at Beer Ferrers (Devonshire) in 1656, d. at Oxford in 1733. Having converted to Catholicism, he… -
Tocco, Felice
TOCCO, FELICE. - Historian of culture and philosophy, philologist, b. at Catanzaro on 12 Sept. 1845, d. at Florence on 6 June 1911. A… -
Tongiorgi, Salvatore
TONGIORGI, SALVATORE. - Philosopher, b. in Rome on 25 Dec. 1820, d. there on 12 Nov. 1863. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1837. He was… -
Trendelenburg, Friedrich Adolf
TRENDELENBURG, FRIEDRICH ADOLF. - Spiritualist philosopher, b. at Lutin on 30 Nov. 1802, d. at Berlin on 24 Jan. 1872. From his… -
Trivet, Nicholas
TRIVET, NICHOLAS. - Humanist, historian, philosopher and Dominican theologian, b. at Norwich, ca. 1258, d. between 1328-30. Bachelor in the… -
Ubaghs, Gerhard Casimir
UBAGHS, GERHARD CASIMIR. - Filosofo belga, n. a Berg-le-Jaquemont il 26 nov. 1800, m. a Lovanio il 15 febbr. 1875. Ordinato sarcedote,… -
Überweg, Friedrich
ÜBERWEG, FRIEDRICH. - Philosopher, b. 22 Jan. 1826 at Leichlingen in Rhenish Prussia, the son of an Evangelical pastor, d. at Königsberg on… -
Urráburu, Juan José
URRÁBURU, JUAN JOSÉ. - Jesuit, scholastic philosopher, b. at Ceánuri (Biscay), 20 May 1844, d. at Burgos, 10 Aug. 1904. Having entered the… -
Vacherot, Étienne (VACHEROT, ETIENNE)
VACHEROT, ÉTIENNE. - Philosopher, b. at Langres, 29 July 1809, d. at Paris 28 July 1897. He taught philosophy at the École Normale and at… -
Vaihinger, Hans
VAIHINGER, HANS. - Philosopher, b. at Nehren (Württemberg) on 25 Sept. 1852, d. at Halle on 12 Dec. 1933. He taught philosophy at the… -
Vailati, Giovanni
VAILATI, GIOVANNI. - Mathematician and historian of the philosophy of science, b. at Crema on 24 Apr. 1863, d. at Rome on 14 May 1909.… -
Ventura di Raulica, Gioacchino
VENTURA di RAULICA, GIOACCHINO. - Publicist, orator and Theatine philosopher, b. at Palermo on 8 Dec. 1792, d. at Versailles on 2 Aug.… -
Vernia, Nicoletto
VERNIA, NICOLETTO. - Philosopher, b. in Chieti ca. 1420, d. in Padua in 1499. He taught in Padua from 1465. Trained in the Venetian school… -
Vico, Giovanni Battista
VICO, GIOVANNI BATTISTA. - Italian philosopher, b. in Naples on 23 June 1668, d. there on 22 Jan. 1744. I. LIFE. - Born to a modest… -
Volkelt, Johannes
VOLKELT, JOHANNES. - Philosopher, b. at Lipnik (Galicia) on 21 July 1848, d. at Leipzig on 8 May 1930. He studied at Vienna, Jena and… -
Weber, Joseph
WEBER, JOSEPH. - Philosopher, b. 23 Sept. 1753 at Rain (Upper Bavaria), d. at Augsburg on 14 Feb. 1831. He studied theology at Augsburg and… -
Weisse, Christian Hermann
WEISSE, CHRISTIAN HERMANN. - Philosopher of the Hegelian right, b. in Leipzig on 10 Aug. 1801, d. there on 19 Sept. 1866. In Leipzig he… -
Whitehead, Alfred North
WHITEHEAD, ALFRED NORTH. - English mathematician, scientist and philosopher, b. at Ramsgate (Kent) on 15 Feb. 1861 and d. at Cambridge,… -
William of Alnwick (GUGLIELMO DI ALNWICK)
WILLIAM OF ALNWICK. - English Scholastic, Franciscan, d. 1332. He follows Scotist doctrines, though with a certain independence. He is the… -
William of Conches (GUGLIELMO DI CONCHES)
WILLIAM OF CONCHES. - Scholastic, b. at Conches (Normandy) in 1080, d. in 1145. He belongs to the school of Chartres. His principal works… -
Willmann, Otto
WILLMANN, OTTO. - Philosopher and noted educationist, b. at Lissa (Posen) on 24 April 1839, d. at Leitmeritz on 1 July 1920. He studied at… -
Windelband, Wilhelm
WINDELBAND, WILHELM. - Philosopher and historian of philosophy, b. at Potsdam on 8 May 1848, d. at Heidelberg on 22 Oct. 1915. He studied… -
Wust, Peter
WUST, PETER. - German Catholic thinker, b. 28 Aug. 1884 at Rissental near Trier, d. at Münster on 3 Apr. 1940. After an initial phase of… -
Zabarella, Giacomo
ZABARELLA, GIACOMO. - Aristotelian philosopher, b. in Padua on 5 Sept. 1535, d. there on 18 Oct. 1589. He studied letters under the… -
Zamboni, Giuseppe
ZAMBONI, GIUSEPPE. - Neo-Scholastic philosopher, b. in Verona on 2 Aug. 1875 and d. in Boscochiesanuova (Verona) on 8 Aug. 1950. After a… -
Zanotti, Francesco Maria
ZANOTTI, FRANCESCO MARIA. - Philosopher and man of letters, b. in Bologna on 6 Jan. 1692, d. there on 25 Dec. 1777. From 1718 professor of… -
Zeller, Eduard
ZELLER, EDUARD. - Born on 22 January 1814 at Kleinbottvar (Wurttemberg), died on 19 March 1908 at Stuttgart. He studied theology at… -
Zimara, Marco Antonio
ZIMARA, MARCO ANTONIO. - Philosopher and physician, b. at S. Pietro in Galatina (Lecce) in 1460, d. at Padua in 1523. Z.'s works occupy a…