Accoramboni, VittoriaVol. I, p. 147 ACCORAMBONI, VITTORIA. - Of noble family, she was born at Gubbio in 1557 and soon moved to Rome, where in 1563 she married Francesco Peretti, nephew of Card.…
AccordoVol. I, p. 147 AGREEMENT (to commit a crime): v. COOPERAZIONE.
Accorso da ReggioVol. I, p. 147 ACCORSO da REGGIO. — Jurist of the thirteenth century. He taught canon law first at Reggio Emilia, then perhaps at Bologna, where he died in 1280. Some Casus…
Accra, Apostolic Prefecture of(ACCRA, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. I, p. 147 ACCRA, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. - This prefecture, which takes its name from the capital city, was detached from the vicariate of the Gold Coast (Africa) in…
AccrescimentoVol. I, p. 147 GROWTH. — This is the biological problem of the increase in the volume of organisms during development. In mammals and human beings, it takes place in…
Accursi, Michelangelo(ACCRUSI, MICHELANGELO)Vol. I, p. 148 ACCRUSI, MICHELANGELO. — Also called Michele, conspirator, born in Rome in 1802. An Innocentian curial official of the tribunal of the Segnatura di giustizia,…
Accursio, FrancescoVol. I, p. 148 ACCURSIO, FRANCESCO. – Glossator, born in Bagnolo Fiorentino in 1184, died in Florence in 1263. Of humble origin, he studied in Bologna, where Azzone and…
Accurti, TommasoVol. I, p. 149 ACCURTI, TOMMASO. — Priest and bibliographer, born in Porto San Giorgio (Ascoli Piceno) on 11 November 1862, died in Rome on 20 January 1946. He devoted…
AccusaVol. I, p. 149 ACCUSA. — In its strictest sense, this is the act by which someone is brought before the competent judge to answer for a specific crime and receive its just…
Accusations Against Christians(ACCUSE CONTRO I CRISTIANI)Vol. I, p. 149 ACCUSATIONS AGAINST CHRISTIANS. – These were the insults and calumnies hurled by the Jews and pagans against the followers of the religion of Jesus Christ…
Acemeti(ACÈMETI)Vol. I, p. 152 ACÈMETI. — That is, the “sleepless ones” (ἀκούμητοι): ascetics so called because, divided into various shifts, they continuously took turns reciting the…
Acerenza and Matera, Archdiocese of(ACERENZA E MATERA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 152 ACERENZA AND MATERA, ARCHDIOCESE OF. — A. rises on the ruins of Acheruntia, called “celsa” by Horace (Carm., III, 4, 13–16). Because of its position on the…
AcerraVol. I, p. 153 ACERRA. - The ancients designated by this name two implements of sacrifice: a casket for incense (ascula turaria; turalis), used in sacrifices to the gods, and…
Acerra, Diocese of(ACERRA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 153 ACERRA, DIOCESE of. — In the Campania region, in the province of Naples, suffragan of the latter. It occupies the territory situated between Naples and…
Aceti, SerafinoVol. I, p. 153 ACETI, SERAFINO: v. SERAFINO da FERMO.
Acevedo, Alonso deVol. I, p. 153 ACEVEDO, ALONSO de. - Spanish poet (16th–17th cent.). Of this writer, whom Cervantes recalls as famous, we know only that he was a canon of Plasencia and…
Achaemenids (Old Persian Hakhāmanishiya, Greek *Achaemenidae*)(ACHEMENIDI (ANTICO PERSIANO HAKHAMANĪLĪJA, GR. 'AẒĀṬEVIḌA))Vol. I, p. 154 ACHEMENIDI (ancient Persian hakhamanīlīja, Greek 'Aẓāṭeviḍa). — Persian dynasty (its founder being Achaimenes) of the Pasargadae tribe, which in the 7th…
Achaicus ('Αγαχός; Latin Achaicus)(ACAICO ('ΑΓΑΧΌΣ; LAT. ACHAICUS))Vol. I, p. 118 ACAICO ('Αγαχός; lat. Achaicus). - A Christian of Corinth, one of the first converts of s. Paolo in Achaia. The Roman name, perpetuated in the family of L.…
AchanVol. I, p. 154 ACHAN. — Son of Charmi, of the tribe of Judah (Hebr. ’Akān “afflicting” [?]; Septuagint ’Aẓāp; cf. the name ākran in Num. 1:13; 2:27). Taking part in the…
Achard (Achardus), Blessed(ACARDO (ACHARDUS), BEATO)Vol. I, p. 118 ACARDO (Achardus), blessed. — Abbot of S. Vittore, then bishop of Avranches. Descended from a noble Norman family that had settled in England in the retinue of…
Achard of Saint-Victor(ACHARDO DI SAN VITTORE)Vol. I, p. 154 ACHARDO di SAN VITTORE: v. ACARDO (ACHARDUS).
Achelis, HansVol. I, p. 154 ACHELIS, HANS. - Archaeologist and historian of early Christianity, born at Hastedi, near Brenna, in 1865, died at Lipsia in 1937. Son of a Protestant pastor,…
Achery, Jean-Luc d' (Dacherius)Vol. I, p. 157 ACHERY, JEAN-LUC d' (Dacherius). — A learned editor of ancient ecclesiastical texts, born at S. Quintino in 1609, he became a Benedictine of the Maurist…
AchesioVol. I, p. 157 ACHESIO. – Bishop of the Novatian community of Constantinople. He took part in the Council of Nicaea and accepted all its decisions. When Constantine then…
AchiacharVol. I, p. 158 ACHIACHAR (ACHIHAR): v. AHQAR.
AchillaVol. I, p. 158 ACHILLA. — Successor of Peter and predecessor of Alexander in the patriarchal see of Alexandria, which he held for a few months between 25 November 311 and…
Achilleo, Bishop of Spoleto(ACHILLEO, VESCOVO DI SPOLETO)Vol. I, p. 158 ACHILLEO, bishop of SPOLETO. - He was chosen by the imperial court of Ravenna in 419 to perform the Easter functions at Rome, which at that time was without…
Achilleo, Saint, Martyr(ACHILLEO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. I, p. 158 ACHILLEO, saint, martyr: v. NEREO e ACHILLEO, santi, martiri.
Achilli, GiacintoVol. I, p. 158 ACHILLI, GIACINTO. — A Dominican from Viterbo who, during the Roman Republic (Feb.–July 1849), became a propagator of Protestantism in Italy. When the republic…
AchimelekVol. I, p. 158 ACHIMELEK. - Son of Achitob, high priest at the sanctuary of Nob (I Sam. 21-22). He is commonly identified with Achia (v.). In reality, the two names…
AchiOrVol. I, p. 161 ACHIOR. - The name of two biblical personages. 1. Supreme military leader of the Ammonites. To Holofernes, the Assyrian general, who asked him for information…
Achmim, Coptic Sanctuary(ACHIMIM, SANTUARIO COPTO)Vol. I, p. 161 ACHIMIM, Coptic sanctuary: v. AKHMIM.
Achonry, Diocese of(ACHONRY, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 161 ACHONRY, DIOCESE of. - In Eire (Ireland). The name derives from the Gaelic Achadh Chonnaire, that is, “field of Connaire.” The origin of the diocese dates back…
Achterfeldt, Johann HeinrichVol. I, p. 161 ACHTERFELDT, JOHANN HEINRICH. - German Catholic theologian, b. 1 June 1788 at Wesel, d. at Bonn on 11 May 1877. Ordained priest in 1813, in 1826 he became…
Achtermann, Theodor WilhelmVol. I, p. 161 ACHTERMANN, THEODOR WILHELM. – Sculptor, born in 1799 in Münster, died in 1884 in Rome. A pupil of Fr. Tieck and Rauch at the Berlin Academy, but resistant to…
Acili, Hypogeum of the(ACILI, IPOGRO DEGLI)Vol. I, p. 161 ACILI, IPOGRO degli: v. PRISCILLA.
Acilius Glabrio, Manius(ACILIO GLABRIONE, MANIO)Vol. I, p. 161 ACILIO GLABRIONE, MANIO: v. GLABRIONE ACILIO.
AcindinoVol. I, p. 161 ACINDINO: v. AKINDYNOS GREGORIOS.
Acireale, Diocese of(ACIREALE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 161 ACIREALE, DIOCESI di. – A city situated in eastern Sicily, 16 km from Catania. In its present location it dates from the early fourteenth century, and was…
Ackermann Choquet, Louise-VictorineVol. I, p. 162 ACKERMANN CHOQUET, LOUISE-VICTORINE. - French poetess, born in Paris in 1813, died in Nice in 1870. Her works, the principal among them being the Contes en…
Ackermann, LeopoldVol. I, p. 162 ACKERMANN, LEOPOLD. - Exegete, born and died in Vienna (17 Nov. 1771–8 Sept. 1831). Having entered (1790) the Canons Regular of S. Agostino under the name of…
Acolius(ACOLIO)Vol. I, p. 162 ACOLIUS. – Bishop of Thessalonica, he baptized the emperor Theodosius before the latter undertook the Gothic War (380); he died in 383. On the occasion of his…
Acolouthia (Ἀκολουθία)(ACOLUTIA (ἈΚΟΛΟΥΘΊΑ))Vol. I, p. 162 ACOLUTIA (ἀκολουθία). – Arrangement, disposition of the prayers and ceremonies. Corresponding to the Latin ordo, ritus. Thus, in the Byzantine liturgy, we find…
Acolytate(ACCOLITATO)Vol. I, p. 145 ACOLYTE. — From ἀκολουθέω, to follow, to serve, it is a minor order, created in the Latin Church to relieve deacons of some of their functions; it was unknown,…
Acominato, MicheleVol. I, p. 162 ACOMINATO, MICHELE: V. MICHELE ACOMINATO.
Aconcio, Concio, Giacomo(ACONCIO (ACONCIO, CONCIO), GIACOMO)Vol. I, p. 162 ACONCIO (ACONCIO, CONCIO), GIACOMO. — Born at Ossana in Trentino at the beginning of the sixteenth century, he died in England; according to Cheynel, he was…
Acosmism(ACOSMISMO)Vol. I, p. 162 ACOSMISM. — This name was given (by Hegel) to Spinoza’s philosophical system concerning the nature and origins of the universe, insofar as he denies its…
Acosta (da Costa), UrielVol. I, p. 163 ACOSTA (DA COSTA), URIEL. — Jewish rationalist, born in Oporto between 1580 and 1585, died in Amsterdam in 1640. Of a wealthy Marrano family, he studied…
Acosta, JoséVol. I, p. 162 ACOSTA, JOSÉ. – Spanish Jesuit, writer, and missiologist, b. at Medina del Campo in Sept. or Oct. 1540, d. at Salamanca on 15 Feb. 1600. He entered religious…
Acoustics(ACUSTICA)Vol. I, p. 180 ACOUSTICS. - As a science, it deals with all the qualities of sound in itself or in relation to certain places where sounds are heard. With regard to the…
Acquaderni, GiovanniVol. I, p. 166 ACQUADERNI, GIOVANNI. – Founder and first president of the Società della Gioventù Cattolica Italiana (v.), born in Castel S. Pietro (Emilia) on 3 March 1838,…
Acquapendente, Diocese of(ACQUAPENDENTE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 167 ACQUAPENDENTE, diocese. — In Lazio, in the province of Viterbo, situated in the northeastern part of the region. It borders Umbria and Tuscany and has an area…
Acquaviva, ClaudioVol. I, p. 169 ACQUAVIVA, CLAUDIO. — Fifth Superior General of the Society of Jesus, born at Atri on 4 September 1543, of the family of the dukes A. In 1567, at the age of…
Acquaviva, Diocese of(ACQUAVIVA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 170 ACQUAVIVA, DIOCESE of. - In the Roman synod of 465 and in the subsequent ones down to 502, two bishops appear respectively, Paolo and Benigno, with the title…
Acquaviva, FrancescoVol. I, p. 170 ACQUAVIVA, FRANCESCO. — Cardinal, born in Naples in 1665, died in Rome in 1725. In 1689 he was appointed by Innocent XI vice-legate in Ferrara and subsequently…
Acquaviva, GiulioVol. I, p. 170 ACQUAVIVA, GIULIO. — Cardinal, son of Giovanni Giacomo, tenth duke of Atri, brother of Cardinal Ottavio, of Orazio, bishop, and of Rodolfo, Jesuit and martyr;…
Acquaviva, MarcelloVol. I, p. 170 ACQUAVIVA, MARCELLO. — Born in 1531 into a noble Neapolitan family; died at S. Ornero in the Abruzzi on 18 March 1617. He was appointed archbishop of Orranto…
Acquaviva, Ottavio, JuniorVol. I, p. 170 ACQUAVIVA, OTTAVIO, junior. — Cardinal, born in Naples in 1608, died in Rome in 1674. Governor of Jesi (1638), Orvieto (1642), and Ancona (1643), he defended…
Acquaviva, Ottavio, SeniorVol. I, p. 170 ACQUAVIVA, OTTAVIO, senior. - Cardinal born in Naples in 1560, died there in 1612. Called to Rome by Sisto V, he was appointed, in 1589, vice-legate of the…
Acquaviva, Rodolfo, Blessed(ACQUAVIVA, RODOLFO, BEATO)Vol. I, p. 171 ACQUAVIVA, RODOLFO, blessed. — Jesuit missionary and martyr, born at Atri on 2 October 1550, son of the duke of Atri, Giangirolamo, and nephew of Claudio…
Acquaviva, TroianoVol. I, p. 171 ACQUAVIVA, TROIANO. – Cardinal, born in Naples on 24 January 1696, died in Rome on 24 March 1747. Appointed by Clement XI vice-legate of Bologna and by…
Acqui (Acqui)(ACCIA (ACCI))Vol. I, p. 137 ACCIA (ACCI). - An ancient bishopric on the island of Corsica, situated in the canton of Porta, district of Bastia. This ancient diocese, of which the ruins of…
Acqui, Diocese of(ACQUI, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 172 ACQUI, DIOCESE of. — City of Piedmont, on the Bormida, a tributary of the Po, in the upper Monferrato. It is the ancient Aquae Statiellae, center of the…
Acquoy, Johannes Gerhardus RijkVol. I, p. 172 ACQUOY, JOHANNES GERHARDUS RIJK. – Dutch ecclesiastical historian, born in Amsterdam on 3 January 1829, died in Leiden on 15 December 1896. He received his…
Acra (Akra: Greek 'Ἄκρα' 'fortress')(ACRA (AKRA: GR. 'ἌΓΞΑ' «FORTEZZA»))Vol. I, p. 173 ACRA (AKRA: gr. 'Ἄγξα' «fortress»). – Citadel built by the king of Syria, Antiochus IV Epiphanes, within Jerusalem around 168 B.C., to house a security…
Acri, FrancescoVol. I, p. 173 ACRI, FRANCESCO. – Philosopher, born in Catanzaro on 19 March 1834, died in Bologna on 21 November 1913. He is commonly recognized as the most prominent…
Acri, Saint John of(ACRI, SAN GIOVANNI D')Vol. I, p. 173 ACRI, SAN GIOVANNI d': v. SAN GIOVANNI d'ACRI.
Acropolita, Constantine(ACROPOLITA, COSTANTINO)Vol. I, p. 174 ACROPOLITA, COSTANTINO: v. COSTANTINO ACROPOLITA.
Acropolita, George(ACROPOLITA, GIORGIO)Vol. I, p. 174 ACROPOLITA, GIORGIO: v. GIORGIO ACROPOLITA.
Acrostic(ACROSTICO)Vol. I, p. 174 ACROSTICO. — This is a figured poetic composition in which the initial or final letters (in the latter case more properly called a telestich) of the verses,…
Act and Potency(ATTO E POTENZA)Vol. II, p. 230 ACT AND POTENCY. — The doctrine of act and potency, together with the principles and applications that derive from it, constitutes the characteristic feature…
Acta Apostolicae SedisVol. I, p. 175 ACTA APOSTOLICAE SEDIS. — Official bulletin (Commentarium officiale) of the Holy See, prepared by the Secretariat of State, printed by the Vatican Press and…
Acta ArchelaiVol. I, p. 175 ACTA ARCHELAI. — Account of two disputations held by Archelaus, bishop of Carcara in Mesopotamia, against Mani, during the reign of the emperor Probus.…
Acta Sanctae SedisVol. I, p. 175 ACTA SANCTAE SEDIS - Monthly periodical, begun in Rome in 1865 by the priest Pietro Avanzini, who was also its first director, under the title of ACTA SANCTAE…
Acta SanctorumVol. I, p. 176 ACTA SANCTORUM: v. BOLLANDISTI.
Action(AZIONE)Vol. II, p. 351 AZIONE. — In Roman law, this word (Lat. actio) originally served to denote any act performed in court; later, under the formulary procedure, it was used as a…
Action FrançaiseVol. I, p. 176 ACTION FRANÇAISE. — A politico-social movement that arose in France in 1899 on the initiative of Henry Vaugeois. Charles Maurras became its principal theorist,…
Action PopulaireVol. I, p. 179 ACTION POPULAIRE. — Publishing enterprise founded in Reims (1903) by the Jesuit Enrico Leroy with the aim of publishing and disseminating short, inexpensive…
Actistetes(ACTISTÈTI)Vol. I, p. 179 ACTISTÈTI. — This was the name given to the members of a Monophysite sect closely related to Julianism or Aphthartodocetism (v. AFTARTODOCETI). The a.…
Active and Passive Voice(VOCE ATTIVA E PASSIVA)Vol. XII, p. 988 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE. — A juridical term denoting the right belonging to the members of a society to cast their vote on matters concerning the society…
Activism(ATTIVISMO)Vol. II, p. 222 ACTIVISM. - Active school, activism, child activity, work school are terms frequently used in modern pedagogy. With these, the entire movement is indicated…
Activities of Jesus Christ(ATTIVITÀ DI GESÙ CRISTO)Vol. II, p. 230 ATTIVITÀ DI GESÙ CRISTO: v. PSICOLOGIA DI GESÙ CRISTO.
Acton, CarloVol. I, p. 180 ACTON, CARLO. - Cardinal, b. in Napoli on 6 March 1803, d. there on 23 June 1847. Son of Giovanni Acton, minister to Ferdinando IV of Napoli, he was educated…
Acton, JohnVol. I, p. 180 ACTON, JOHN. – English canonist, a canon of Lincoln from 1329, who died in 1350. A pupil of Giovanni Stratford, later archbishop of Canterbury, he was regarded…
Acton, John Emerich Edward, Lord AldenhamVol. I, p. 180 ACTON, JOHN EMERICH EDWARD, lord ALDENHAM. – English politician and historian, born in Naples on 10 January 1834, died at Tegernsee (Bavaria) on 19 June 1902.…
Actor(ATTORE)Vol. II, p. 233 ACTOR. - In procedural law, this term (from the Latin actor) designates the person who brings another before a court, that is, the party who is the first to…
Acts of Administration(AMMINISTRAZIONE, ATTI DI)Vol. I, p. 666 ADMINISTRATION, ACTS OF. — Acts of administration (or of simple or ordinary administration) are those legal acts whose object is the preservation of the…
Acts of B(ATTI DI B)Vol. II, p. 512 ACTS OF B. — An apocryphal book, composed at the end of the 5th century. In 1698 D. Papebroch published for the first time, from Vat. Greek Cod. 1667, Acta et…
Acts of the Apostles(APOSTOLI, ATTI DEGLI)Vol. I, p. 1002 APOSTOLI, ATTI DEGLI: V. ATTI DEGLI APOSTOLI.
Acts of the Apostles(ATTI DEGLI APOSTOLI)Vol. II, p. 210 ACTS OF THE APOSTLES. — Book of the New Testament, placed after the Gospels, which presents itself as the continuation of the Gospel of Luke. SUMMARY: I. The…
Acts of the Martyrs(ATTI DEI MARTIRI)Vol. II, p. 216 ACTS OF THE MARTYRS. - I. ACTS OF THE GREEK AND LATIN MARTYRS. - Under the name of acts of the martyrs (acta martyrum) we include that abundant literary…
Actual Grace(ATTUALE, GRAZIA)Vol. II, p. 240 ATTUALE, GRAZIA: v. GRAZIA.
Actual Sin(ATTUALE, PECCATO)Vol. II, p. 240 ATTUALE, PECCATO: v. PECCATO.
Actualism(ATTUALISMO)Vol. II, p. 240 ATTUALISMO. – This is the form of idealism (v.) proposed by Giovanni Gentile, and the one that has spread more widely in Italy than the other forms. It is,…
Actuarial Writing(ATTUARIA, SCRITTURA)Vol. II, p. 243 ATTUARIA, SCRITTURA: V. CAPITALE, SCRITTURA.
Acuzio, Saint, Martyr(ACUZIO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. I, p. 180 ACUZIO, saint, martyr: v. GENNARO e CONSOCI, santi, martiri.
Acuña, Cristóbal deVol. I, p. 180 ACUÑA, CRISTÓBAL de. - Jesuit missionary and explorer. Born at Burgos about 1597, he entered the novitiate at Villagarcía in 1612. In 1620 he went to the…
Ad Beneplacitum NostrumVol. I, p. 194 AD BENEPLACITUM NOSTRUM. – This is a clause sometimes used in rescripts or other ecclesiastical decrees, with a value equivalent to the expressions: donee…
Ad BestiasVol. I, p. 194 AD BESTIAS. - Among the Romans, damnatio or datio ad b. was the penalty inflicted on parricides, murderers, seditionists, arsonists, and sometimes prisoners of…
Ad CatacumbasVol. I, p. 197 AD CATACUMBAS: see CATACUMBAS, cemetery in.
Ad Catholici SacerdotiiVol. I, p. 197 « AD CATHOLICI SACERDOTII ». — The opening words of the encyclical with which Pius XI (20 Dec. 1935: AAS, 28 [1936], pp. 5–53), on the occasion of his priestly…
Ad Corpus, BasilicaVol. I, p. 197 AD CORPUS, BASILICA. — This is the technical term used by archaeologists to designate a basilica built near or over the body of a saint, in his honor or in…
Ad Duas LaurosVol. I, p. 199 AD DUAS LAUROS : v. INTER DUAS LAUROS.
Ad Hominem, Argument(AD HOMINEM, ARGOMENTO)Vol. I, p. 205 AD HOMINEM, ARGUMENT. — A form of indirect argument by which one reaches a conclusion against an opponent by starting from his own assertions and principles…
Ad LibitumVol. I, p. 207 AD LIBITUM. – This is an expression that has various uses in the liturgy. With regard to the “Rubrics,” it refers to the free use of certain “Collects” (v.).…
Ad Lucem (Association of Catholic and Missionary Lay University Students)(AD LUCEM (ASSOCIATION DES LAÏQUES UNIVERSITAIRE CATHOLÈQUES ET MISSIONNAIRES))Vol. I, p. 207 AD LUCEM (ASSOCIATION DES LAÏQUES UNIVERSITAIRE CATHOLÈQUES ET MISSIONNAIRES). — It was founded in Lille in 1931 among the students of the Catholic university…
Ad Mentem (Iuxta Mentem, Iuxta Modum)Vol. I, p. 207 AD MENTEM (iuxta mentem, iuxta modum). – This is one of the formulas frequently used in the customary replies issued by the dicasteries of the Roman Curia,…
Ad MetallaVol. I, p. 207 AD METALLA. — The sentence to forced labor in the mines a. m. was, after the death penalty, the most severe punishment, and was therefore called proxima morti…
Ad Multos AnnosVol. I, p. 208 AD MULTOS ANNOS. — A greeting and wish for long life that the consecrated bishop addresses to his consecrator at the end of the consecration ceremony,…
Ad NovatianumVol. I, p. 208 AD NOVATIANUM. - È un opuscolo pervenutoci, mutilo in fine, sotto il nome di s. Cipriano (v.). Prende posizione contro il rigorismo di Novaziano (v.) già…
Ad NutumVol. I, p. 208 AD NUTUM. – In current canon law, ecclesiastical offices are called a. n. when their holder may be removed at the superior’s discretion, without canonically…
Ad Regias Agni DapesVol. I, p. 218 «AD REGIAS AGNI DAPES». - A hymn for Vespers in Eastertide, by an unknown author, but already found in manuscripts of the sixth century. It may be called “the…
Ad SanctosVol. I, p. 228 AD SANCTOS. - This Latin expression (“near the saints”) designates the practice among ancient Christians of being buried, where possible, beside the tombs of…
Adalard, Saint(ADALARDO, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 181 ADALARDO, saint. - Cousin of Carlomagno, b. in Artois, probably at Huise near Audenarde in 733. After living at court, whose vices disgusted him, he withdrew…
Adalbero (Adalbert), Bishop of Würzburg(ADALBERONE (ADALBERTO), VESCOVO DI WÜRZBURG)Vol. I, p. 181 ADALBERONE (ADALBERTO), bishop of WÜRZBURG. — Born around 1010, died at Lambach on 6 October 1090. He studied in Paris, and on 30 June 1045 succeeded his uncle…
Adalbero I, Bishop of Metz(ADALBERONE I, VESCOVO DI METZ)Vol. I, p. 181 ADALBERONE I, bishop of METZ. — He was elected bishop of Metz in 929 and promoted and carried out the restoration of many abbeys, including those of Gorze…
Adalbero II, Bishop of Metz(ADALBERONE, II, VESCOVO DI METZ)Vol. I, p. 181 ADALBERONE, II, bishop of METZ. — Son of Federico, duke of Upper Lorraine, and of Beatrice, niece of Adalberone I. He was elected bishop of Metz on 16 October…
Adalbero, Archbishop of Reims(ADALBERONE, ARCIVESCOVÒ DI REIMS)Vol. I, p. 181 ADALBERONE, archbishop of REIMS. - Of the family of the counts of Ardenne, he was a Benedictine and abbot of Gorze and then canon of Metz, until, in 969,…
Adalbero, Bishop of Laon(ADALBERONE, VESCOVO DI LAON)Vol. I, p. 181 ADALBERONE, bishop of LAON. — Born around the middle of the 10th century, died in 1030. He was a disciple of Gerberto, the future Silvester II. On account of…
Adalbert (Aldebert)(ADALBERTO (ALDEBERTO))Vol. I, p. 181 ADALBERTO (ALDEBERTO). - Frankish heretical bishop, who lived in the eighth century. Although he had himself ordained by ignorant bishops, he boasted of…
Adalbert III, Archbishop of Salzburg(ADALBERTO III, ARCIVESCOVO DI SALISBURGO)Vol. I, p. 183 ADALBERTO III, archbishop of SALISBURGO. — Son of Ladislao, duke of Bohemia, he died in 1200. When he was elected archbishop, he was still a deacon; he…
Adalbert of Prague, Saint, Martyr(ADALBERTO DI PRAGA, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. I, p. 182 ADALBERTO of PRAGUE, saint, martyr. — Of Czech nationality, he was called Voitèch; among the Slavic peoples he is known and venerated under this name. Educated…
Adalbert, Abbot of Heidenheim(ADALBERTO, ABATE DI HEIDENHEIM)Vol. I, p. 182 ADALBERTO, abbot of HEIDENHEIM. — He lived around 1150. The work Vita s. Wunni-baldi et vita s. Willibaldi was attributed to him; it was published by Gretser…
Adalbert, Abbot of São João de Tarouca(ADALBERTO, ABATE DI SAN GIOVANNI DI TAROUCA)Vol. I, p. 183 ADALBERTO, abbot of SAN GIOVANNI DI TAROUCA. — Sent to Portugal by St. Bernard, together with other monks, under the leadership of Abbot Bohemond, he founded…
Adalbert, Archbishop of Bremen-Hamburg(ADALBERTO, ARCIVESCOVO DI BREMA-AMBURGO)Vol. I, p. 182 ADALBERTO, archbishop of BREMA-AMBURGO. — Born at the beginning of the eleventh century in Goslar, he died on 16 March 1072. He studied at Halberstadt; in 1032…
Adalbert, Archbishop of Magdeburg(ADALBERTO, ARCIVESCOVO DI MAGDEBURGO)Vol. I, p. 182 ADALBERTO, archbishop of MAGDEBURGO. - A Benedictine, of Lorrainer origin. Sent in 961 by William, archbishop of Mainz and son of Otto I, as a missionary…
Adalbert, Archbishop of Mainz(ADALBERTO, ARCIVESCOVO DI MAGONZA)Vol. I, p. 182 ADALBERTO, archbishop of MAGONZA. — Son of Count Sigehard of Saarbrücken, he was chancellor of Henry V, king of Germany. He was elected archbishop in 1109 and…
Adalbert, Bishop of Pomerania(ADALBERTO, VESCOVO DI POMERANIA)Vol. I, p. 182 ADALBERTO, bishop of POMERANIA. — He was the first in this see, consecrated in Rome by Pope Innocent II and confirmed in the election on 14 October 1140. He…
Adalbert, Monk and Provost of Speyer(ADALBERTO, MONACO E PREVOSTO DI SPIRA)Vol. I, p. 183 ADALBERTO, monk and provost of SPIRA. — He lived around the middle of the 11th century. Two letters sent by him to Bernold of Constance have survived, in which…
Adalgar, Saint, Archbishop of Bremen-Hamburg(ADALGARO, SANTO, ARCIVESCOVO DI BREMA-AMBURGO)Vol. I, p. 183 ADALGARO, saint, archbishop of BREMEN-HAMBURG. — Initially a monk of the monastery of Korvey (Westphalia), he was chosen by St. Rimberto, archbishop of…
Adalger (Adalgerus or Algerus; according to B. Pez: Adelher)(ADALGERO (ADALGERUS O ALGERUS; SECONDO B. PEZ: ADELHER))Vol. I, p. 183 ADALGERO (Adalgerus or Algerus; according to B. Pez: Adelher). - A Benedictine of the monastery, apparently, of Augusta in Bavaria and, according to some, also…
Adalgis, Saint(ADALGISO, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 183 ADALGISO, saint. — Bishop of Novara. The diptychs of this church assign him nineteen years of episcopate, which must have extended from 830 or 831 to 849 or…
Adaloald, King of the Lombards(ADALOALDO, RE DEI LONGOBARDI)Vol. I, p. 183 ADALOALDO, king of the LONGOBARDS. – Son of Agilufo and Teodolinda, b. in 602 and baptized at Easter in 603. The following year, in Milan, he was proclaimed…
AdamVol. I, p. 183 ADAM. – French Jansenist writer who conceals himself under the pseudonym A. According to some (cf. Reusch, II, p. 890), he was the Capuchin Osmont du Sollier.…
Adam de la Halle(ADAMO DE LA HALLE)Vol. I, p. 191 ADAMO de la HALLE. - French trouvère, b. near Arras in 1220, d. at Naples in 1287, also called le boste d'Arras. Destined for the priesthood, he married, then…
Adam of Bremen(ADAMO DI BREMA)Vol. I, p. 190 ADAMO di BREMA. – Chronicler of the 11th century, called the “first German historiographer,” born in eastern Franconia or Thuringia at an unknown date, died at…
Adam of Clermont(ADAMO DI CLERMONT)Vol. I, p. 190 ADAMO di CLERMONT. — Chronicler, who lived during the thirteenth century. He is credited with two works: a still unpublished Chronicon, which recounts the…
Adam of Courland(ADAMO DA COURLANDON)Vol. I, p. 191 ADAMO da COURLANDON. – Liturgist, exegete, and moral theologian, born at Courlandon (Champagne), dean of the chapter of Laon from 1195, died at Laon in 1233 or…
Adam of Domerham(ADAMO DI DOMERSHAM)Vol. I, p. 191 ADAMO of DOMERSHAM. — An English monk of Glastonbury Abbey, who lived in the 13th century. He wrote the Historia de rebus gestis Glastoniembus, published by T.…
Adam of Fulda(ADAMO DI FULDA)Vol. I, p. 191 ADAMO of FULDA. — Music theorist and composer, b. in 1445, d. shortly after 1517. Around 1490 he was at the Benedictine abbey of Vormbach near Passavia; in…
Adam of Marsh (de Marisco)(ADAMO DI MARSH (DE MARISCO))Vol. I, p. 191 ADAMO di MARSH (de Marisco). — Born toward the end of the twelfth century in Somerset, he completed his studies at Oxford, where he obtained his degrees in the…
Adam of Montaldo(ADAMO DI MONTALDO)Vol. I, p. 191 ADAMO di MONTALDO. — Augustinian, writer, active in the second half of the 15th century. His work De laudibus familiae de Aura was published by Muratori in the…
Adam of Murimuth(ADAMO DI MURIMUTH)Vol. I, p. 191 ADAMO di MURIMUTH. – English historiographer, b. in 1274 or 1275, d. in 1347. He graduated in law at Oxford and around 1312 became one of the rectors of that…
Adam of Perseigne(ADAMO DI PERSEIGNE)Vol. I, p. 191 ADAMO of PERSEIGNE. - First a regular canon, then a Benedictine and librarian at Marmoutier, and finally a Cistercian at the abbey of Pontigny, where he was…
Adam of Petit Pont(ADAMO di PETIT PONT)Vol. I, p. 192 ADAMO di PETIT PONT. — A native of the county of Cambridge, but so called from the Parisian quarter in which, after studying at the school of Matteo di Angers…
Adam of Saint Victor(ADAMO DI SAN VITTORE)Vol. I, p. 192 ADAMO di SAN VITTORE. — Regular canon, one of the most renowned authors of liturgical sequences. Biographical information is scarce. According to the Victorine…
Adam of Usk(ADAMO DI USK)Vol. I, p. 193 ADAMO di USK. – English chronicler, born in Usk (Montmouthshire) around 1360 or 1365, died after 1430. He was in Rome, at the court of Boniface IX, in 1402.…
Adam Scotus (or Anglicus, or Magister Adam, or Adam of Dryburgh)(ADAMO SCOTO (O ANGLICUS, O MAGISTER ADAM, O ADAMO DI DRYBURGH))Vol. I, p. 192 ADAMO SCOTO (or Anglicus, or Magister Adam, or ADAMO of DRYBURGH). — Ascetical writer, first a Premonstratensian, then a Carthusian. He is to be distinguished…
Adam Wodeham (Godham, Goddham)(ADAMO WODEHAM (GODHAM, GODDAM))Vol. I, p. 193 ADAMO WODEHAM (GODHAM, GODDAM). — English Friar Minor, an ardent proponent of the «via moderna» or nominalist school. He taught in Norwich, London, and Oxford…
Adam, Germanus(ADAM, GERMANO)Vol. I, p. 184 ADAM, GERMANO. - Born in Aleppo, died 10 October 1809. Bishop from 1774, after having been patriarchal vicar of Acre, in 1777 he was elected archbishop of…
Adam, JeanVol. I, p. 184 ADAM, JEAN. - French Jesuit theologian, born at Limoges on 28 Sept. 1608, entered religious life in 1622, died at Bordeaux on 12 May 1684. His activity as…
Adam, JulietteVol. I, p. 184 ADAM, JULIETTE. — French writer, b. at Verberie (Oise) on 4 October 1836, d. near Callian (Var) on 24 August 1936. She published several novels of little merit…
Adam, LucienVol. I, p. 184 ADAM, LUCIEN. — Born in Nancy in 1833, died in Brittany in 1918; magistrate in French Guiana and later in France. Editor of several “arts” (grammars) by early…
Adam, MelchiorVol. I, p. 184 ADAM, MELCHIOR. - Calvinist scholar, born at Grottkau (Silesia) and died in 1622 at Heidelberg, where he had taught since 1601. In 4 volumes (1615–20), later…
Adamah (Hebrew 'Adamah)(ADAMA (EBR. 'ADMDH))Vol. I, p. 184 ADAMA (Heb. ‘Admdh). – City of the Pentapolis (v.), mentioned alongside Seboim, on the border of Canaan (Gen. 10:19). Its king Sennaab, in coalition with the…
Adamantius(ADAMANZIO)Vol. I, p. 184 ADAMANZIO: v. ORIGENE.
Adami, AdamVol. I, p. 184 ADAMI, ADAM. — Benedictine bishop, born in Mülheim in 1610, died in Hildesheim in 1663. He pursued philosophical studies at the University of Cologne and in…
Adami, AnnibaleVol. I, p. 184 ADAMI, ANNIBALE. – Jesuit, b. in Fermo on 13 February 1626, d. in Rome on 16 July 1706 or 1707. A devoted professor of humanities and rhetoric, he left several…
Adami, Giovanni MatteoVol. I, p. 184 ADAMI, GIOVANNI MATTEO. – Jesuit missionary and martyr, born in Mazara, Sicily, in 1574, died on 12 October 1633. Of noble family, brought to Rome for his…
Adamites(ADAMITI)Vol. I, p. 185 ADAMITI. — This name is generally used to designate the adherents of certain doctrines that, beginning in the second century, gradually emerged in various…
Adamnus(ADAMANNO)Vol. I, p. 184 ADAMANNO: v. ADAMANO.
AdamoVol. I, p. 185 ADAMO. — The first man created by God and father of the human race. SUMMARY: 1. Holy Scripture. — 2. Rabbinic Literature. — 3. Christian Archaeology. — 4.…
Adamo of Arogno(ADAMO DI AROGNO)Vol. I, p. 190 ADAMO di AROGNO. — An architect active in the first decades of the 13th century. Documents mention him as superintendent of the construction of Trento…
Adams, ThomasVol. I, p. 193 ADAMS, THOMAS. - English Protestant preacher, b. c. 1590, d. c. 1653. In 1612 he was an Anglican minister at Willington; in 1614 he obtained the pastorate at…
AdanaVol. I, p. 193 ADANA. - A city of Cilicia, situated on the Saihun River, an ancient Greek episcopal see dependent on the see of Tauro. When the Armenian kingdom was…
AdapaVol. I, p. 193 ADAPA. - In Assyro-Babylonian mythology A. is the son of the god Ea and is “the seed of humanity,” that is, the first man. From his father he obtained wisdom,…
AdarVol. I, p. 193 ADAR. - The twelfth month, of 29 days (from mid-February to about mid-March), of the Jewish calendar. The name is Babylonian (addaru, in Babylonia the month…
Adar- ezer(ADARÉZER)Vol. I, p. 194 ADARÉZER. - Aramean king of Soba. The Hebrew name is Hadad'ezer and Hadar'ezer: the latter form, found in Paralipomeni and the Septuagint (Ἀδραχάς), the…
Adars(ADARSA)Vol. I, p. 194 ADARSA. — Thus the Vulgate, I Mach. 7:40, which has Adazer in I Mach. 7:45 (Adas in the Greek text and in Flavius Josephus; Dessau [Gr. Δασακού] in II Mach.…
Adautto, Saint, Martyr(ADAUTTO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. I, p. 194 ADAUTTO, saint, martyr: v. FELICE e ADAUTTO, santi, martiri.
Adda, Ferdinando D'Vol. I, p. 197 ADDA, FERDINANDO d'. — Cardinal, born in Milan in 1649, died in Rome in 1719. As nuncio, he worked diligently with King James II of England to bring about the…
Addai, Doctrine Of(ADDAI, DOTTRINA DI)Vol. I, p. 197 ADDAI, DOCTRINE of. – A narrative apocryphon, from the end of the 4th century or the beginning of the 5th, concerning the introduction of Christianity into…
Addeo, Doctrine Of(ADDEO, DOTTRINA DI)Vol. I, p. 198 ADDEO, DOTTRINA DI: v. ADDAI, DOTTRINA di.
Addison, JosephVol. I, p. 198 ADDISON, JOSEPH. - English man of letters and essayist, b. at Milston (Wiltshire) in 1672, d. at Kensington in 1719. He came from classical studies and in his…
AddolorataVol. I, p. 198 ADDOLORATA - Taranto, Good Friday. The A. that follows the bier in the procession of the Mysteries. sebio: courier) of the king, would have painted a portrait…
Adelaide (Adelheid), Empress, Saint(ADELAIDE (ADELHEID), IMPERATRICE, SANTA)Vol. I, p. 200 ADELAIDE (Adelheid), EMPRESS, saint. — Born c. 931, died at Selz, in Alsace, on 18 December 999. Daughter of Rodolfo II of Burgundy, she married (947) Lotario…
Adelaide Of Turin(ADELAIDE DI TORINO)Vol. I, p. 200 ADELAIDE di TORINO. – Daughter of Olderico Manfredi, marquis of Turin, and of Berta of the Obertenghi family, b. ca. 1020, d. in 1091. Since Olderico…
Adelaide, Archdiocese Of(ADELAIDE, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 199 ADELAIDE, ARCHDIOCESE of. - Its centre is at A., capital of the province of the same name in southern Australia, and it now has two suffragan dioceses: Darwin…
Adelard II, Cattaneo(ADELARDO II, CATTANEO)Vol. I, p. 201 ADELARDO II, CATTANEO. – Cardinal, born at Lendinara at the end of the 12th century. He was a canon of Verona and in 1183 or 1184 was created cardinal by…
Adelard of Bath(ADELARDO DI BATH)Vol. I, p. 200 ADELARDO di BATH. — English by birth, he completed his studies at Tours and taught at Laon. Dissatisfied with the « gallica studia », he undertook long…
Adelasius, Gholamo(ADELASIO, GHOLAMO)Vol. I, p. 201 ADELASIO, GHOLAMO. – Politician and priest, born in Bergamo on 16 March 1763, died there on 7 April 1828. Having completed his studies in Rome at the Nazareno…
Adelchis, King Of The Lombards(ADELCHI, RE DEI LONGOBARDI)Vol. I, p. 201 ADELCHI, king of the LONGOBARDS. – Son of Desiderio (v.), he was associated by his father in the government in 759. Ten years later, when, in order to…
Adelchis, Prince Of Benevento(ADELCHI, PRINCIPE DI BENEVENTO)Vol. I, p. 201 ADELCHI, prince of BENEVENTO. — He succeeded his brother Radelgaiso in 853, at a particularly turbulent moment. He was defeated several times by the Saracens,…
AdelfiaVol. I, p. 202 ADELFIA. - In the catacomb of S. Giovanni at Siracusa, a splendid sarcophagus was discovered which, in a panel of its lid, bears the inscription (h)ic Adelfia…
AdelhausenVol. I, p. 202 ADELHAUSEN. - A Dominican convent and mystical centre near Freiburg im Breisgau. The community of Beguines existing there since 1232 was declared, on 12 Dec.…
Adelmann, Bernhard von Adelmannspeiden(ADELMANN, BERNHARD VON ADELMANNSPELDEN)Vol. I, p. 202 ADELMANN, BERNHARD VON ADELMANNSPELDEN. - Humanist, canon of Eichstätt, b. c. 1457, perhaps at Schechingen, d. 16 Dec. 1523. He studied at Heidelberg, Basel,…
Adelmann, Bishop Of Brescia(ADELMANNO, VESCOVO DI BRESCIA)Vol. I, p. 203 ADELMANNO, bishop of BRESCIA. - We know neither the place nor the date of his birth. The favourite disciple of Fulberto (v.) at the famous school of Chartres,…
