Adelophagi(ADELÔFAGI)Vol. I, p. 203 ADELÔFAGI. — From the Greek ἀθήλως-φαγεῖν, “to eat secretly”: followers of a Christian sect about which only scant information remains. The a. had reached the…
Adelphi, Society Of The(ADELFI, SOCIETÀ DEGLI)Vol. I, p. 201 ADELFI, SOCIETÀ degli. — Secret society, established in France, according to some in 1804 through the efforts of Col. Oudet, Gen. Lafayette, and the Frusinate…
Ademar Of Chabannes(ADEMARO DI CHABANNES)Vol. I, p. 203 ADEMARO di CHABANNES. — Benedictine and French chronicler, born at Chabannes, near Angoulême, around 988, died in Jerusalem in 1034. He became a monk at the…
Ademollo, Luigi and Carlo(ADEMOLLO, LUIGI E CARLO)Vol. I, p. 203 ADEMOLLO, LUIGI and CARLO. - LUIGI, painter, b. in Milan on 30 April 1764, d. in Florence on 11 February 1839. Having begun his artistic studies at the Academy…
AdenVol. I, p. 203 ADEN. — Since 1937, a British Crown colony. It consists of the actual peninsula (194 sq km, with 50,000 inhabitants) and the eponymous protectorate, on the…
Adenulf (Adinolf)(ADENULFO (ADINOLFO))Vol. I, p. 203 ADENULFO (ADINOLFO). – Abbot of San Paolo in Rome, died 8 September 1322. He was a counselor to King Robert of Naples and also enjoyed great esteem from the…
Adenulf (Atenulf)(ADENULFO (ATENULFO))Vol. I, p. 203 ADENULFO (ATENULFO). — Archbishop of Capua, died before 1059. He held the archiepiscopal see from 1008 to 1058. During this time he had to endure the…
Adeodatus I(ADEODATO I)Vol. I, p. 204 ADEODATO I – Seal of A. I. ni XXII, to King Roberto and to various cardinals concerning matters relating to his monastery. BIBL.: N. M. Nicolai, Della Basilica…
Adeodatus I (Deusdedit), Pope, Saint(ADEODATO I (DEUSDEDIT), PAPA, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 204 ADEODATO I (Deusdedit), POPE, saint. – A Roman, son of the subdeacon Stefano, he had been part of the Roman clergy for forty years when he succeeded Boniface…
Adeodatus II (or I), Pope(ADEODATO II (O I), PAPA)Vol. I, p. 204 ADEODATO II (or I), POPE. - A Roman, he received the tiara in 672 and died in 676. Son of Gioviniano, he succeeded St. Vitaliano. Elected, perhaps, shortly…
Adeodatus Of Fano(ADEODATO DA FANO)Vol. I, p. 204 ADEODATO da FANO. – Capuchin Friar Minor of the province of the Marches; he took the habit on 5 October 1805 and later went as an apostolic missionary to the…
Adeste Fideles(ADESTE, FIDELES)Vol. I, p. 204 «ADESTE, FIDELES». - A delightful rhymed hymn, recounting the visit of the shepherds to the newborn Saviour and inviting the faithful to hasten to Bethlehem to…
Adhemar (Ademar) Of Le Puy, Family(ADHÉMAR (ADEMARO) DE MONTEIL, FAMIGLIA)Vol. I, p. 205 ADHÉMAR (ADEMARO) DE MONTEIL, FAMIGLIA. – Originating in the Delfinato and traceable back to the 8th century, it was rendered illustrious by many…
Adhemar Of Le Puy(ADEMARO DI MONTEIL)Vol. I, p. 203 ADEMARO di MONTEIL. — Bishop of Le Puy, born in the first half of the 11th century. He was first a knight, then entered the clergy and, around 1061, became…
Adi GranthVol. I, p. 206 ADI GRANTH. — “The fundamental book,” also simply called Granth, “Book” (par excellence, in the religious sense: Bible), or Granth Sahib, “The fundamental holy…
Adiabene (Hadyab, native name; Greek Ἀδιαβήνη)(ADIABÈNE (HADYAB, NOME INDIGENO; GR. ἈΔΙΖΒΉΝΗ))Vol. I, p. 205 ADIABÈNE (Hadyab, indigenous name; Gr. Ἀδιζβήνη). — Region situated on the left bank of the Tigris, with Arbela as its ecclesiastical capital, inhabited by a…
Adiafori(ADIAFORTI)Vol. I, p. 205 ADIAFORTI : v. CONGREGAZIONALISTI.
Adiaphora(ADIAFORA)Vol. I, p. 205 ADIAFORA. — This name denotes a celebrated controversy in the Protestant field. Adiaphora (from ἀδιάφορα, “indifferent things and acts”) are defined by…
Adimantus ('Adimantos ho Adēmantos)(ADIMANTO ('ΑΔΕΊΜΑΝΤΟΣ Ο 'ΑΔΉΜΑΝΤΟΣ))Vol. I, p. 206 ADIMANTO ('Αδείμαντος ο 'Αδήμαντος). — Manichaean preacher of the 3rd century. According to Augustine, he was also called Addas; he had been one of Mani’s…
Adimari, AlemannoVol. I, p. 206 ADIMARI, ALEMANNO. - Cardinal, born in Firenze, perhaps in 1362, died in Roma between 17 and 27 Sept. 1422. He held a canonry and then a parish in his native…
Adimari, Ubaldo, Blessed(ADIMARI, UBALDO, BEATO)Vol. I, p. 206 ADIMARI, UBALDO, blessed. — Born ca. 1247 in Florence, he took part from his youth onward in the partisan struggles that were so heated at that time. Of…
Adinolfi, PasqualeVol. I, p. 206 ADINOLFI, PASQUALE. - Priest and writer, b. in Rome on 5 Nov. 1816, d. on 20 Jan. 1882. Ordained in 1839, he devoted himself, by exploring archives and…
Adler, GuidoVol. I, p. 206 ADLER, GUIDO. — Musicologist, born in Eibenschütz on 1 November 1855, died in Vienna on 15 February 1941. He studied law at the University of that city, but…
Adler, Jakob Georg ChristianVol. I, p. 207 ADLER, JAKOB GEORG CHRISTIAN. - Danish orientalist (1756–1834), from 1792 general superintendent of the duchy of Schleswig. In his youth (1780–82) he consulted…
Adlung, JakobVol. I, p. 207 ADLUNG, JAKOB. – Musician, born in Bindersleben, near Erfurt, on 14 January 1699, died in Erfurt on 5 July 1762. He was an organist (1727), and subsequently a…
Administration of the Goods of the Holy See(AMMINISTRAZIONE DEI BENI DELLA S)Vol. I, p. 666 ADMINISTRATION OF THE PROPERTY OF THE HOLY SEE. – After 20 September 1870, the property of the Holy See was reduced almost exclusively to the offerings by…
Administrative Unions(UNIONI AMMINISTRATIVE)Vol. XII, p. 533 ADMINISTRATIVE UNIONS. — This designation comprises those unions of States for specific purposes of international cooperation, which are regulated by union…
Admission(AMMISSIONE)Vol. I, p. 667 ADMISSION. - In itself, the term means nothing other than the act or effect of admitting. Since, however, such an act or effect may have repercussions in…
Admonition (Latin: Monitio)(AMMONIZIONE (LAT. MONITIO))Vol. I, p. 671 AMMONIZIONE (Latin monitio). — A term used in canon law to designate the more or less solemn act by which an ecclesiastical superior calls someone to the…
Adolescence(ADOLESCENZA)Vol. I, p. 208 ADOLESCENZA. – One of the most important among the ages of life (v.); an age of profound crisis affecting the individual as a whole, organically,…
Adolfo da DenderwindekeVol. I, p. 210 ADOLFO da DENDERWINDEKE. — Capuchin ascetical author, b. at Denderwindeke (Belgium) on 1 May 1863, d. on 7 Dec. 1925. In the Order he was for many years novice…
Adolph I, Archbishop of Mainz(ADOLFO I, ARCIVESCOVO DI MAGONZA)Vol. I, p. 210 ADOLFO I, archbishop of MAGONZA. — Count of Nassau, great-grandnephew of King Adolfo of Nassau, b. ca. 1353, d. 6 February 1390. By his uncle Gerlach,…
Adolph II, Archbishop of Mainz(ADOLFO II, ARCIVESCOVO DI MAGONZA)Vol. I, p. 210 ADOLFO II, archbishop of MAGONZA. — Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden and great-nephew of his predecessor, he died on 6 September 1475 at Eltville. Appointed…
Adolph III, Archbishop of Cologne(ADOLFO III, ARCIVESCOVO DI COLONIA)Vol. I, p. 210 ADOLFO III, archbishop of COLONIA. — Born in 1511, he died at the Schauenburg castle, from which family he descended, at Brühl in 1556. First a canon of…
Adolph of Anhalt(ADOLFO D'ANHALT)Vol. I, p. 210 ADOLFO d’ANHALT. – Bishop of Merseburg, born on 16 October 1458, died there on 24 March 1526. A member of the princes of Anhalt, he was directed toward an…
Adolph of Essen(ADOLFO DI ESSEN)Vol. I, p. 210 ADOLFO di ESSEN. - Carthusian ascetical writer, born in the second half of the fourteenth century. After studying philosophy, law, and theology with…
Adolph, Saint(ADOLFO, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 210 ADOLFO, saint. — Twenty-eighth bishop of Osnabrück (1216–24), born ca. 1185 to the counts of Tecklenburg in Westphalia, died there on 28 or 30 June 1224.…
Adommim (Hebrew Ma'aleh-Adummim «Ascent of the Reds», i.e., «Red Ascent»)(ADOMMIM (EBR. MA'ALEH-ADUMMIM «SALITA DEI ROSSI», CIOÈ «SALITA ROSSA»))Vol. I, p. 210 ADOMMIM (Hebr. Ma'aleh-Adummim “ascent of the red ones,” that is, “red ascent”). — A locality that marked the northern boundary of the tribe of Judah with that…
Adon, Saint(ADONE, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 211 ADONE, saint. — Archbishop of Vienne, in the Dauphiné. Of noble family, born at the beginning of the ninth century, apparently in the diocese of Sens. The…
AdoneVol. I, p. 211 ADONIS. — A mythical hero, lover of Aphrodite, whose legend, despite various divergences, may be summarized in the following cycle: 1) his death while hunting,…
Adoni-Bezek (Heb. "Lord of Bezek"; dynastic title rather than proper name)(ADONIBÉZEC (EBR. « SIGNORE DI BEZEQ »: TITOLO DINASTICO PIUTTOSTO CHE NOME PROPRIO))Vol. I, p. 212 ADONIBÉZEC (Hebr. “lord of Bezeq”: a dynastic title rather than a proper name). — Canaanite king of Bezeq, a city identified by some with present-day Bezhab…
Adoniah (Hebrew 'Adonijah[ā], «My Lord is Yahweh»)(ADONĪA (EBR. 'ADONIJĀH[Ā], « MIO SIGNORE È JAHWEH »))Vol. I, p. 212 ADONĪA (Hebr. 'adonijāh[ā], “my Lord is Jahweh”). - Fourth son of David (and of Haggith), born at Hebron after David had been proclaimed king of Judah (II Sam.…
Adonizedek (Hebrew «My Lord is Justice»; Septuagint: Adonibezec)(ADONISÉDEC (EBR. « IL MIO SIGNORE È GIUSTIZIA »; SETTANTA: ADONIBEZEC))Vol. I, p. 212 ADONISÉDEC (Heb. “my Lord is justice”; Septuagint: Adonibezec). — Amorite king of Jerusalem at the time when Israel, led by Joshua, entered Palestine. When the…
Adoption(ADOZIONE)Vol. I, p. 217 ADOPTION. - This term designates the institution whose purpose is the transfer of an individual from one kinship group to another, through the creation of a…
Adoration(ADORAZIONE)Vol. I, p. 212 ADORATION. — Etymologically, a. (from Lat. ad os) is the gesture of bringing the hands to the lips and then turning them toward an image or any sacred object…
Adoration of the Cross(ADORAZIONE DELLA CROCE)Vol. I, p. 214 ADORAZIONE della CROCE: v. CROCE.
Adoration of the Magi(ADORAZIONE DEI MAGI)Vol. I, p. 214 ADORAZIONE dei MAGI: v. EPIFANIA.
Adoration of the Pope(ADORAZIONE DEL PAPA)Vol. I, p. 214 ADORATION OF THE POPE: v. SUPREME PONTIFF.
Adoratrices of the Most Precious Blood(ADORATRICI DEL PREZIOSISSIMO SANGUE)Vol. I, p. 212 ADORATRICI del PREZIOSISSIMO SANGUE. – Female religious congregation founded at Acuto in 1834 by the ven. Maria De Mattias for the instruction and education of…
Adoratrices of the Sacred Heart(ADORATRICI DEL S)Vol. I, p. 212 ADORATRICI del S. CUORE DI GESÙ DI MONTMARTRE. — They were founded by Adele Garnier near the Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Montmartre in Paris, on the site…
Adoratrices Perpetual of the Sacred Heart of Jesus(ADORATRICI PERPETUE DI S)Vol. I, p. 212 ADORATRICI PERPETUE di S. MARIA DI GUADALUPE. — They arose in Mexico in 1881 through the work of Sister Maddalena dell'Incarnazione, and took their name and…
Adorers Of The Cross Of Jesus Sacramented(CROCIFISSE ADORATRICI DI GESÙ SACRAMENTATO)Vol. IV, p. 593 ADORING CRUCIFIED SISTERS OF JESUS SACRAMENTED. — Congregation of nuns founded in S. Giorgio al Cremano (Naples) in 1885 by Sister Maria Pia della Croce…
Adorni, Anna MariaVol. I, p. 215 ADORNI, ANNA MARIA. – Born in Fivizzano on 15 June 1805, died in Parma on 7 February 1893. The widow of Domenico Botti, attached to the ducal court of Parma,…
Adorno Hinojosa, GonzaloVol. I, p. 215 ADORNO HINOJOSA, GONZALO. – Spanish Jesuit theologian, born in Jerez de la Frontera on 7 September 1751, died on 17 February 1812 at Viterbo, where he had been…
Adorno, Francis(ADORNO, FRANCESCO)Vol. I, p. 215 ADORNO, FRANCESCO. – Jesuit preacher, born in Genoa on 13 September 1533, died there on 13 January 1586. He encountered the Society of Jesus in Portugal and…
Adorno, Giovanni AgostinoVol. I, p. 215 ADORNO, GIOVANNI AGOSTINO. - Co-founder of the Clerics Regular Minor (v.), born in Genoa in 1551, died in Naples on 29 Sept. 1591. Following the traditions of…
Adoro Te DevoteVol. I, p. 215 « ADORO TE DEVOTE ». — A rhythm said to be by s. Tommaso d'Aquino, proposed by the Roman Missal as a prayer after Mass. The A. consists of seven stanzas, each…
Adozianism(ADOZIANISMO)Vol. I, p. 216 ADOZIANISMO. — I. GENERAL NOTION. — In the broad sense, it is the error of those who deny the divinity of Jesus Christ, either in reality or through the…
Adragna, Antonio MariaVol. I, p. 218 ADRAGNA, ANTONIO MARIA. - B. at Trapani on 1 Oct. 1818, professed religious (2 Oct. 1839) of the Conventual Minors, priest in 1841, doctor of the college of S.…
Adraldo (Arraldo, Ayraldo)Vol. I, p. 218 ADRALDO (ARRALDO, AYRALDO). — Bishop, originally from Vendôme, died at Chartres on 1 February 1075. In 1033 he became a monk of the Trinity of Vendôme and…
Adrammelech (Hebrew 'Adrammelek)(ADRAMELECH (EBR. 'ADRAMMÈLEK'))Vol. I, p. 218 ADRAMELECH (Hebrew 'adrammèlek'). — A deity probably of Syrian origin (Adad-malik) of the inhabitants of Sepharvaim (perhaps Sabara'in) transplanted by Sargon…
Adrenaline(ADRENALINA)Vol. I, p. 219 ADRENALINA: v. ORMONI.
Adret (perhaps Adrat; erroneous Addéret) Shelomoh ben Abraham(ADRET (FORSE ADRAT; ERRONEO ADDÉRET) SHÉLÔ-MÔH BEN ABRAHAM)Vol. I, p. 219 ADRET (perhaps Adrat; erroneously Addéret) SHÉLÔ-MÔH BEN ABRAHAM. — Jewish decisor, b. around 1235 in Barcelona, d. in 1310. He studied under distinguished…
Adrevald of Fleury(ADREVALDO DI FLEURY)Vol. I, p. 219 ADREVALDO di FLEURY. – French Benedictine monk, born between 814 and 820, died around 878–79. He wrote Miracula s. Benedicti, in which he recounts the miracles…
Adria, Diocese of(ADRIA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 219 ADRIA, DIOCESE of. — A., now 22 km from the open sea, had a very active port during the period of the Roman Republic; and until the 10th century it remained…
Adriaensens, AdriaenVol. I, p. 219 ADRIAENSENS, ADRIAEN. — Born at Antwerp; entered the Society of Jesus in 1546 and was superior of the community of Lovanio (1551–61), where he died on 18…
Adriaensz (Adrianssen), CorneliusVol. I, p. 219 ADRIAENSZ (ADRIANSSEN), CORNELIUS. - Distinguished theologian, born at Dordrecht in 1521, died at Bruges on 14 July 1581. He studied at Bruges under Cassander,…
Adrian I, Pope(ADRIANO I, PAPA)Vol. I, p. 221 ADRIANO I, PAPA. — Pontiff from 1 (6) February 772 to 26 (25) December 795. Born in Rome into an aristocratic family, he lost his father Teodoro at an early…
Adrian II, Pope(ADRIANO II, PAPA)Vol. I, p. 223 ADRIAN II, POPE. — Born in Rome in 792 into one of the finest families, which had already produced Popes Stephen IV (816–17) and Sergius II (844–47). Before…
Adrian III, Pope(ADRIANO III, PAPA)Vol. I, p. 225 deny permission to ecclesiastics who wished to appeal to Rome. From that moment the alliance between the Holy See and the Normans remained unchanged and…
Adrian III, Pope, Saint(ADRIANO III, PAPA, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 224 ADRIANO III, PAPA, saint. - A Roman, son of Benedetto, he was pope from 884 to 885, succeeding Marino. We have neither his biography in the Liber Pontificalis…
Adrian IV, Pope(ADRIANO IV, PAPA)Vol. I, p. 225 ADRIANO IV, POPE. — He is the only Englishman to have ascended the papal throne; his name was Nicola Breakspear, and he was the son of Roberto, a cleric of…
Adrian V, Pope(ADRIANO V, PAPA)Vol. I, p. 226 ADRIANO V, POPE. - Pontiff in 1276. Upon the death of Innocenzo V, a conclave was held in Rome under the supervision of Carlo d'Angiò in his capacity as…
Adrian VI, Pope(ADRIANO VI, PAPA)Vol. I, p. 226 ADRIANO VI, PAPA. - Pontiff from 1522 to 1523. Born in Utrecht on 2 March 1459, he was the son of Florenz Boeyens and Gertruda. The family was neither rich nor…
Adriani, FrancescoVol. I, p. 219 ADRIANI, FRANCESCO. – Friar Minor, who lived in the 14th century. He completed his higher studies in Paris, graduating from the Sorbonne. He distinguished…
Adriani, Giovanni BattistaVol. I, p. 220 ADRIANI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA. - Florentine historian (1513–79), son of the humanist Marcello da Virgilio. During the siege of Florence in 1530 he was among the…
Adrianists(ADRIANISTI)Vol. I, p. 220 ADRIANISTI. - A little-known Dutch Protestant sect of the 16th century. It took its name from Adriano Hamsted, born at Dordrecht in 1524 and died at Bruges in…
Adriano of Moscow(ADRIANO DI MOSCA)Vol. I, p. 221 ADRIANO di MOSCA. - Tenth and last patriarch of Moscow and Russia, b. 2 Oct. 1627, d. 15 Oct. 1700. Archimandrite of the monastery of Cudov, he was consecrated…
Adriano of Nicomedia, Saint, Martyr(ADRIANO DI NICOMEDIA, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. I, p. 221 ADRIANO di NICOMEDIA, saint, martyr. — According to the legendary Passio, A. is said to have converted as a result of the courageous attitude, during torture,…
Adriano of Nisida(ADRIANO DI NISIDA)Vol. I, p. 221 ADRIANO di NISIDA. — Benedictine, of African origin, abbot of Nisida near Naples, died in 709 (or 710?). Pope Vitaliano wished to make him archbishop of…
Adriano of Oudenbosch(ADRIANO DI OUDENBOSCH)Vol. I, p. 221 ADRIANO di OUDENBOSCH. – Belgian Benedictine, d. at Liège around 1482. He took the habit at the convent of S. Lorenzo in Liège and professed in 1441. Cantor,…
Adriano Van Den EeckhouteVol. I, p. 220 ADRIANO van den EECKHOUTE. – Belgian Carmelite, died at Ghent in 1498. Prior of the convent of Ghent in 1466, preacher and confessor at the court of Burgundy,…
Adricomius (Adrichomius, Latinized form of Adricitum), Christian Kruick van(ADRICOMIO (ADRICHOMIUS, FORMA LATINIZZATA DI ADRICITUM), CHRISTIAN KRUCK VAN)Vol. I, p. 227 ADRICOMIO (Adrichomius, Latinized form of ADRICITUM), CHRISTIAN KRUCK van. - Dutch Palestinologist, b. at Delft on 14 Feb. 1533, d. at Colonia on 20 June 1585.…
Adrumetum(ADRUMETO)Vol. I, p. 227 ADRUMETO. — An agricultural and commercial center in Byzacena, today Sussa (French Sousse) in Tunisia. For a time it was called Hunuricopolis and later…
Adson, Emeric(ADSONE, EMERICO)Vol. I, p. 228 ADSONE, EMERICO. — Benedictine, hagiographer, born into a noble family in the Jura around 920, died in 972. He became a monk at Luxeuil and taught at Toul, but…
Aduarte, DiegoVol. I, p. 228 ADUARTE, DIEGO. - Spanish Dominican, b. at Saragossa in 1566. Having completed his studies at Alcalá and entered the Order in 1585, ten years later he went as…
Adulation(ADULAZIONE)Vol. I, p. 228 ADULATION. - Exaggerated and unreasonable praise directed toward others for interested motives. A. always arises from and is nourished by some secret passion,…
Advent(AVVENTO)Vol. II, p. 340 AVVENTO. – It is the period marking the beginning of the liturgical year and preparation for Christmas (v.), just as Lent (v.) is for Easter. In the Roman rite…
Adventists (Second Adventists)(AVVENTISTI (ADVENTISTS, SECOND ADVENTISTS))Vol. II, p. 340 AVVENTISTI (ADVENTISTS, SECOND ADVENTISTS). — This name, which designates certain Protestant sects of America, derives from the belief of their faithful in the…
Advertising(PUBBLICITÀ)Vol. X, p. 177 PUBLICITY. — The word p. is used in two different senses: 1) as an instrument of public oversight of governmental activities or of the management of large…
Advocate(AVVOCATO)Vol. II, p. 342 ADVOCATE. – I. CANON LAW. – Assistance in litigation undertaken in Rome by patrons on behalf of their clients was initially an aristocratic and unpaid office…
Aechae, Diocese of(AECAE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 231 AECAE, DIOCESI di. — This center stood in the territory of the Dauni, in Capitanata, on the Via Traiana, which, branching off from Benevento, joined the Via…
Aegean, Religion of(EGEA, RELIGIONE)Vol. V, p. 105 EGEA, RELIGIONE — Seal (engraved hard stone). Goddess Mistress of the animals between two lions — Kalkani (Mycenae). with it, the restoration of the…
Aegher of Kalkar, Enrico(AEGHER DI KALKAR, ENRICO)Vol. I, p. 232 AEGHER di KALKAR, ENRICO: v. EGHER ENRICO di KALKAR.
AegyptusVol. I, p. 232 AEGYPTUS. – Italian journal of Egyptology and papyrology, published from 1920 at the School of Papyrology of the Scientific-Literary Academy and, from 1924, at…
AelfricVol. I, p. 232 AELFRIC. — English theologian and scholar, born around 955, died ca. 1020. Abbot of Eynsham and the greatest prose writer of the Anglo-Saxon literature of his…
Aelia CapitolinaVol. I, p. 232 AELIA CAPITOLINA: v. GERUSALEMME.
Aelia Capitolina(ELIA CAPITOLINA)Vol. V, p. 167 ELIA CAPITOLINA: V. GERUSALEMME.
Aelius Aristides(ELIO ARISTIDE)Vol. V, p. 169 ELIO ARISTIDE. — Rhetorician, born at Adrianople in Moesia in 117 A.D. to a wealthy family, died around 189. He studied at Pergamum and Athens. In 137 he…
Aelred (Aelred, Alred, Alred, Ealred, Ethelred) of Hexham, Saint(AELREDO (AELRED, ALRED, ALRED, EALRED, ETHELRED), DI HEXHAM, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 232 AELREDO (AELRED, ALRED, ALRED, EALRED, ETHELRED), of HEXHAM, saint. — English writer, Cistercian abbot of Rievaulx, born in 1110 at Hexham (Yorkshire) to a…
Aeneas(ENEA)Vol. V, p. 233 ENEA. — A paralytic miraculously healed by Peter at Lydda, according to Acts 9:33 ff. The name (Alvèoc), which is also found in Flavius Josephus (Antiq. Iud.,…
Aeneas of Gaza(ENEA DI GAZA)Vol. V, p. 233 ENEA di GAZA. - At the end of the 11th century a new centre of artistic and intellectual culture had been formed at Gaza. E. (c. 450–534) carried on in this…
Aeneas of Paris(ENEA DI PARIGI)Vol. V, p. 233 ENEA di PARIGI. - Bishop and theologian, born at the beginning of the 9th century, died in Paris on 27 Dec. 870. Head of the Chancery of Carlo il Calvo, he…
Aeneas, Silvio Piccolomini(ENEA, SILVIO PICCOLOMINI)Vol. V, p. 233 ENEA, SILVIO PICCOLOMINI: v. PIO II, PAPA.
AennonVol. I, p. 233 AENNON. - A locality where St. John the Baptist last exercised his ministry before being imprisoned; located near Salim (ἐγγύς τοῦ Σαλίᾳ), it abounded in…
Aeon(EONE)Vol. V, p. 261 AEONS. — According to the conceptions of the Enostics, inherited from the ancient oriental mythologies, the aeons are the personification of abstract concepts,…
Aeon of the Star (Euno, Eudo of the Star)(EONE DELLA STELLA (EUNO, EUDO DE STELLA))Vol. V, p. 261 EONE DELLA STELLA (Euno, Eudo de Stella). — Heretic, born in Brittany, condemned to perpetual imprisonment by the Council of Reims in 1148; died shortly…
Aerio and Aeriani(AERIO E AERIANI)Vol. I, p. 233 AERIO e AERIANI. – A., a fourth-century priest, a native of Pontus, was placed in charge of the charitable institutions of the city of Sebaste, and…
Aernouldt (Arnould), Pierre(AERNOULDT (ARNOULT), PIERRE)Vol. I, p. 233 AERNOULDT (ARNOULT), PIERRE. – Belgian Jesuit and ascetical writer, born on 17 May 1818 at Moere (Western Flanders), died at Cincinnati on 28 July 1865. Having…
Aertnys, JozefVol. I, p. 233 AERTNYS, JOZEF. - Moral theologian, b. at Eindhoven on 15 Jan. 1828, d. on 30 June 1915. A novice of the Redemptorists at St. Trond (Belgium) in 1845, he took…
Aertsen, PeterVol. I, p. 233 AERTSEN, PETER. – Painter, born in Amsterdam in 1507 or 1508, died there in 1575. He worked in Antwerp from 1535 to 1555; he was one of the founders of…
Aeschylus of Lund(ESCHILO DI LUND)Vol. V, p. 346 ESCHILO di LUND. - B. ca. 1100, d. at Chiaravalle on 25 Aug. 1181; in 1134 he was made bishop of Roskilde, and then, in 1138, of the archdiocese of Lund. In…
Aesma DaevaVol. I, p. 233 AESMA DAEVA. - Among the Persians he is the spirit of wrath and strife, and bears as his constant epithet “of the bloody club.” He is devoted to drunkenness,…
Aestheticism(ESTETISMO)Vol. V, p. 397 AESTHETICISM. — This is a designation, with fluid boundaries, for a way of feeling and thinking that subordinates reality and the values of life to art and…
Aesthetics(ESTETICA)Vol. V, p. 392 ESTETICA. – Science of the beautiful and of art. CONTENTS: I. Meaning of the term. – II. Historical synthesis. – III. The problems of aesthetics. I. MEANING OF…
Aeterna Christi MuneraVol. I, p. 234 «AETERNA CHRISTI MUNERA». - A hymn of the Roman Breviary for Matins of the Common of the Apostles. Composed by St. Ambrose in eight stanzas, it here contains…
Aeterna Coeli GloriaVol. I, p. 234 «AETERNA COELI GLORIA». - Hymn of the Roman Breviary for the ferial Lauds of Friday. Composed by an ancient imitator of s. Agostino, the hymn was an…
Aeterna Imago AltissimiVol. I, p. 234 «AETERNA IMAGO ALTISSIMI». - Hymn of the Roman Breviary at Matins for the feast of Christ the King. Its author is Fr. Vittorio Genovesi S. J., who, adapting…
Aeterne Rector SiderumVol. I, p. 234 «AETERNE RECTOR SIDERUM». - Hymn of the Roman Breviary for Lauds on the feast of the Guardian Angels (2 Oct.). Its author is St. Roberto Bellarmino, who…
Aeterne Rerum ConditorVol. I, p. 234 «AETERNE RERUM CONDITOR». - A hymn of the Roman Breviary for Sunday Lauds from the octave of the Epiphany to the 1st Sunday of Lent, and from the 1st Sunday of…
Aeterne Rex AltissimeVol. I, p. 234 «AETERNE REX ALTISSIME». - Hymn of the Roman Breviary for Matins on the feast of the Ascension. Its author is unknown, but it is ancient, though not earlier…
Aeterni PatrisVol. I, p. 235 « AETERNI PATRIS ». — Initial words of the encyclical by which Leo XIII, on 4 Aug. 1879, restored Thomistic philosophy to honor. Having observed how false…
Aetini, AgostinoVol. I, p. 235 AETINI, AGOSTINO. — An Augustinian, born in Torretta di Val Glano (Arezzo) around 1671, he distinguished himself chiefly in biblical teaching. He published…
Aetius(AEZIO)Vol. I, p. 235 AEZIO. — Heretic of the fourth century. According to some, he was born in Antioch and, according to others, in its vicinity, into a very modest family.…
Aetius of Lydda(AEZIO DI LIDDA)Vol. I, p. 235 AEZIO di LIDDA. — Present at the Council of Nicaea in 325, he subscribed to the orthodox faith; but not long before this Arius counted him among his…
AevumVol. I, p. 235 AEVUM. — Journal of historical, linguistic, and philological sciences, published since 1927 by the Faculty of Letters of the Catholic University of the Sacred…
Afer (Africanae Fraternae Ephemerides Romanae)Vol. I, p. 236 AFER (AFRICANAE FRATERNAE EPHEMERIDES ROMANAE). — Periodical publication issued by the Conference of the Catholic Missions of Africa (v.). It appeared from…
Affability(AFFABILITÀ)Vol. I, p. 236 AFFABILITÀ. – It is the virtue that regulates a person’s entire outward comportment (speech, action, manner), so as to make him well received and agreeable to…
Affairs, Moral Theology of(AFFARI, MORALE DEGLI)Vol. I, p. 237 AFFARI, MORALE degli: v. ECONOMIA e MORALE. AFFARI ECCLESIASTICI STRAORDINARI, CONGREGAZIONE degli: v. CONGREGAZIONI PONTIFICIE.
Affaitati, Antonio MariaVol. I, p. 236 AFFAITATI, ANTONIO MARIA. — Capuchin writer, in the world Casimiro, born in 1660 in Albogasio, into a noble Cremonese family, died in Milan on 26 April 1721.…
Affani, IgnazioVol. I, p. 237 AFFANI, IGNAZIO. — Painter, b. in Parma on 22 March 1828, d. in Fidenza on 29 July 1889. Trained at the school of Calegari, Pescatori, and Scaramuzza at the…
Affection(AFFEZIONE)Vol. I, p. 237 AFFEZIONE: v. ORAZIONE AFFETTIVA.
Affiliation(AFFILIAZIONE)Vol. I, p. 237 AFFILIATION. — By this name, various legal institutions have been called in different periods and places. HISTORY OF LAW. - In the Middle Ages, among peoples…
Affinity(AFFINITÀ)Vol. I, p. 237 AFFINITÀ. – This word, derived from the Latin affinitas (signifying, according to Modestinus [fr. 4, § 10, D. 38, 10], as it were, the bringing of one…
Afflacio, GiovanniVol. I, p. 238 AFFLACIO, GIOVANNI. — A physician from Salerno, from the second half of the eleventh century. He is said to have been a disciple of Costantino l'Africano.…
Afflitto, AnnibaleVol. I, p. 238 AFFLITTO, ANNIBALE: v. D'AFFLITTO, ANNIBALE.
Afflitto, Eustachio(AFFLITTO, EUSTACCHIO)Vol. I, p. 238 AFFLICTED, EUSTACCHIO: v. D'AFFLICTO, EUSTACCHIO. FRESCO — Palimpsest of frescoes (6th–9th centuries) in the apse of S. Maria Antiqua — Rome.
Afforty, Charles-FrançoisVol. I, p. 239 AFFORTY, CHARLES-FRANÇOIS. – Dean of the Sorbonne and canon of the church of St.-Ricul de Senlis, b. in 1706, d. in 1786. He was one of Moreau’s most active…
Affringues, Bruno d'Vol. I, p. 241 AFFRINGUES, BRUNO d'. - Carthusian, b. at Saint-Omer in 1546 and d. at the Grande-Chartreuse of Grenoble in 1632. Of noble birth, he combined a fine intellect…
AffrontataVol. I, p. 241 AFFRONTATA. - An episode characteristic of many Holy Week processions, especially in the towns of central and southern Italy. While from one church, with part…
Affò, IreneoVol. I, p. 239 AFFÒ, IRENEO. - Man of letters, born at Busseto (Parma) in 1741, died at Parma in 1797. He was a Friar Minor and until 1777 taught at Ferrara and Guastalla.…
Afghanistan(AFGANISTAN)Vol. I, p. 241 AFGANISTAN. – 1. GEOGRAPHY. – More than twice the size of Italy (650,000–700,000 sq. km.), A. occupies the northeastern part of the Iranian plateau. A country…
Afra, Saint, Martyr(AFRA, SANTA, MARTIRE)Vol. I, p. 243 AFRA, saint, martyr. — Victim of the Diocletian persecution in Augusta (Augsburg). The life (Conversio s. Afrae) is legendary; but the Passio of the fifth…
AfricaVol. I, p. 243 AFRICA. - One of the five largest continents. SUMMARY: I. Geography: 1. Africa in general. - 2. French Equatorial Africa. - 3. French West Africa. - 4.…
Africanus, Sextus Julius(AFRICANO, SESTO GIULIO)Vol. I, p. 269 AFRICANO, SESTO GIULIO: v. SESTO GIULIO AFRICANO.
Aftartodocetae(AFTARTODOCETI)Vol. I, p. 269 AFTARTODOCETI. — A name composed of two Greek words: ἀγάπητος (“incorruptible”) and ἀγάπητα (“doceti” [v.]), used to designate the partisans of the Monophysite…
AgagVol. I, p. 270 AGAG. — King of Amalek. To punish the raids and killings he had committed against Israel, God ordered the extermination of the Amalekites (v.), who had been…
Agaimī, AnnaVol. I, p. 270 AGAIMĪ, ANNA. - Maronite visionary of Aleppo (1720–98), better known by the name Hindiyyah or also Endie. Faced with the alternative of becoming a Visitandine…
Aganoor Pompilj, VittoriaVol. I, p. 270 AGANOOR POMPILJ, VITTORIA. — Writer, born in Padua on 26 May 1855, died in Rome on 7 May 1910, of Armenian family, distinguished in Venice for innumerable…
Agape (Ἀγάπη "love, charity" in the New Testament)(AGAPE (ἈΓΆΠΗ « AMORE, CARITÀ » NEL NUOVO TESTAMENTO))Vol. I, p. 270 AGAPE (ἀγάπη «love, charity» in the New Testament). — According to the traditional view, a liturgical banquet in use in Christian communities of the first four…
Agape, Irene and Chione, Saints, Martyrs(AGAPE, IRENE E CHIONE, SANTE, MARTIRI)Vol. I, p. 273 AGAPE, IRENE and CHIONE, saints, martyrs. — Sisters, martyred under the emperor Diocleziano in 304 at Tessalonica. Feast on 3 April. When the decree of…
Agape, Saint(AGAPE, SANTA)Vol. I, p. 273 Agape, Saint: v. SOPHIA, PISTIS, ELPIS and AGAPE, Saints.
Agapemonites (Ἀγάπη-μονή: "Dwelling of Love")(AGAPEMONITI (ἈΓΆΠΗ-ΜΟΝΉ: « DIMORA DELL'AMORE »))Vol. I, p. 273 AGAPEMONITES (ἀγάπη-μονή: “Abode of love”). - English Protestants, followers of H. J. Prince. Prince (1811-99), originally a physician, became a pastor and…
Agapete(AGAPÈTE)Vol. I, p. 273 AGAPÈTE. – From the Greek ἀγαπηταί, “beloved.” A popular term that originally designated those virgins or widows consecrated to God who lived together with a…
Agapetus I, Pope, Saint(AGAPITO I, PAPA, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 274 AGAPITO I, POPE, saint. – Pontiff from 535 to 536. He descended from a noble Roman family. His father, Gordianus, was a priest of the titular church of SS.…
Agapetus II, Pope(AGAPITO II, PAPA)Vol. I, p. 275 AGAPITO II, POPE. – A Roman, he succeeded Marino II on 10 May 946 and died in December 955. We have no information about his family or his life before the…
Agapios, LandosVol. I, p. 274 AGAPIOS, LANDOS. – Greek monk (secular name Atanasio), born in Candia (Crete) at the end of the 16th century, died in Venice before 8 March 1664. He donned the…
Agapitus II(AGAPITO II)Vol. I, p. 274 AGAPITO II - Silver coin. Relations with the latter soon became closer. Giustiniano, under the pretext of avenging the murder of Amalasunta, had begun the…
Agapitus of Palestrina(AGAPITO DA PALESTRINA)Vol. I, p. 274 AGAPITO da PALESTRINA. - Reformed Franciscan, d. 1815; he was lecturer in theology and general definitor of his Order, censor of the theological Academy of the…
Agapitus of Palestrina, Saint, Martyr(AGAPITO DI PALESTRINA, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. I, p. 274 AGAPITO di PALESTRINA, saint, martyr. - According to his late and fabulous legend, he died a martyr at the age of 15, probably during the persecution of…
Agapitus of Prato a Tesido(AGAPITO DA PRATO A TESIDO)Vol. I, p. 275 AGAPITO da PRATO a TESIDO: v. DAPRÀ.
Agapitus, Saint, Martyr(AGAPITO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. I, p. 274 AGAPITO, saint, martyr: v. FELICISSIMO e AGAPITO, santi, martiri.
Agarei or Agarenes (Hebrew *Hagrî'îm*; Septuagint: Ἀγαραῖοι ὁ Ἀγαρηνοί)(AGAREI O AGARENI (EBR. HAGRI'ÎM; SETTANTA: ἈΓΑΡΑΙ͂ΟΙ Ὁ ἈΓΑΡΗΝΟΊ))Vol. I, p. 276 AGAREI or AGARENI (Heb. Hagri'îm; Septuagint: Ἀγαραῖοι or Ἀγαρηνοί). - An Arab tribe devoted to pastoralism, against which the Transjordanian tribes of Reuben,…
AgassizVol. I, p. 276 AGASSIZ. LUIGI. — Swiss zoologist, born in Môtier on 28 March 1807, died in Cambridge, Mass., on 14 December 1873. He disseminated comparative anatomy,…
AgatangeloVol. I, p. 278 AGATANGELO. - Armenian historian of the fourth century, Roman by nationality. At the behest of King Tiridate he wrote the history of the latter, of St.…
Agatangelo of Vendôme and Cassiano of Nantes, Blessed(AGATANGELO DA VENDÔME E CASSIANO DA NANTES, BEATI)Vol. I, p. 278 AGATANGELO da VENDÔME and CASSIANO da NANTES, blesseds. - The former was born on 31 July 1598 at Vendôme, the latter on 15 Jan. 1607 at Nantes. Both were…
Agatha, Saint, Martyr(AGATA, SANTA, MARTIRE)Vol. I, p. 276 AGATHA, Saint and Martyr. — One of the most popular heroines of early Christian antiquity, martyred for the faith at Catania. The exact date of her martyrdom…
Agatho, Pope, Saint(AGATONE, PAPA, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 278 AGATONE, POPE, saint. - A Sicilian, he succeeded Donus in 678 and died on 10 January 681. Through the gentleness and meekness of his character he won the…
Agatonice, Saint, Martyr(AGATONICE, SANTA, MARTIRE)Vol. I, p. 279 AGATONICE, saint, martyr: v. CARPO, PAPILO e AGATONICE, santi, martiri.
Agaunum (Agaunum or Acaunum)(AGAUNO (AGAUNUM O ACAUNUM))Vol. I, p. 279 AGAUNO (Agaunum or Acaunum). — Present-day Saint-Maurice in Valais, a city of the Tarnade (Tarnaiae or Tarnades in the Roman itineraries), capital of the…
Agazzari, AgostinoVol. I, p. 281 AGAZZARI, AGOSTINO. - Musician, born in Siena on 2 Dec. 1578, died there on 10 Apr. 1640. Chapel master, first at the Collegio Germanico in Rome from 1608 to…
Agazzari, Filippo degliVol. I, p. 281 AGAZZARI, FILIPPO degli. — Sienese Augustinian, of the noble A. family, born in 1339, died on 30 October 1422. Having overcome his parents’ opposition, at the…
Agazzari, Stefano, Blessed(AGAZZARI, STEFANO, BEATO)Vol. I, p. 281 AGAZZARI, STEFANO, blessed. - Regular canon, reformer of the canonical regular life, b. at Siena in 1354, d. at Bologna on 28–29 Oct. 1433. His work,…
Agazzi, RosaVol. I, p. 281 AGAZZI, ROSA. - Pedagogue and educator, born at Volongo (Cremona) on 26 March 1866. In 1882 Pietro Pasquali (v.), director of the commercial schools of…
AgdistiVol. I, p. 282 AGDISTI: v. CIBELE, MISTERI di.
Age(ETÀ)Vol. V, p. 407 ETÀ. – I. CANON LAW. – In general, it is a natural cause that influences both juridical capacity and capacity to act (v. CAPACITÀ): while the former, namely,…
Age Of Life(ETÀ DELLA VITA)Vol. V, p. 409 AGES OF LIFE.—From the stage of the fertilized ovum-cell to extreme old age, the individual passes through a gradual and interconnected series of…
Age of Man(GENERE UMANO, ETÀ DEL)Vol. V, p. 1184 HUMAN RACE, AGE OF THE.—The problem of the age of the human race remains even today one of the most difficult and controversial, since its solution is bound up…
Age of the Earth(TERRA, ETÀ DELLA)Vol. XI, p. 1207 TERRA, ETÀ della. — The methods used until a few decades ago to determine the age of the earth are now revealed to be entirely lacking in scientific rigor.…
Age Of The Human Race(ETÀ DEL GENERE UMANO)Vol. V, p. 409 AGE OF THE HUMAN RACE: V. GENERE UMANO, ETÀ del.
Age Of The World(ETÀ DEL MONDO)Vol. V, p. 409 ETÀ DEL MONDO: V. MONDO, ETÀ del.
AgelioVol. I, p. 282 AGELIO. — Successor, perhaps the immediate successor, of Achesio in the episcopal see of the schismatic Novatian community of Constantinople, which he held for…
Agelli (Ajelli, Agellius), AntonioVol. I, p. 282 AGELLI (Ajelli, Agellius), ANTONIO. - Theatine biblical scholar, b. at Sorrento in 1532, d. at Rome on 19 Nov. 1608. Having entered the Theatine Clerics…
AgeltrudeVol. I, p. 282 AGELTRUDE. - Queen and empress, daughter of Adelchi, prince of Benevento, she married Guido, duke of Spoleto and Camerino. An ambitious and unscrupulous woman,…
Agemina (Da Agiam = Persia, in Arabic)(AGEMINA (DA AGIAM = PERSIA, IN ARABO))Vol. I, p. 282 AGEMINA (from Agiam = Persia, in Arabic). - It is a synonym for work "à la damascene" and indicates a AGEMINA - Detail of the door of the Basilica of S. Paolo…
Agen, Diocese of(AGEN, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 283 AGEN, DIOCESE of. — City of southern France in Languedoc, situated on the Garonne River at its confluence with the Masse; it is the ancient Aginum and today…
AgendaVol. I, p. 283 AGENDA. – A Latin word meaning “that which must be done.” At first it was used in the liturgy to indicate the Canon of the Mass and also the entire Mass,…
Agents at the Sacred Congregations(AGENTI PRESSO LE SACRE CONGREGAZIONI)Vol. I, p. 284 AGENTS TO THE SACRED CONGREGATIONS. - In the past, the procuratori ospedizionieri were of considerable importance; they represented individual dioceses or…
