Agiles (Aguleri), Ramondo d'(AGILES (AGUILERI), RAMONDO D')Vol. I, p. 287 AGILES (AGUILERI), RAMONDO d’. — Canon of Le Puy and chaplain to the count of Toulouse, he took part in the First Crusade (1096–99). He wrote its history,…
Agilulf, King of the Lombards(AGILULFO, RE DEI LONGOBARDI)Vol. I, p. 287 AGILULF, king of the LONGOBARDS. — He was chosen as a husband by Teodolinda, widow of King Autari, and was elected king of the Longobards at Milan in May 591.…
Aging, The Biological Problem of(SENESCENZA, PROBLEMA BIOLOGICO DELLA)Vol. XI, p. 199 SENESCENZA, PROBLEMA BIOLOGICO of. — The problem of the s. of organisms is linked to the condition of the life cycle (v. CICLI BIOLOGICI). Each species has its…
Agioreita, Nicodemus I'(AGIORITA, NICODEMO I')Vol. I, p. 289 AGIORITA, NICODEMO I'. – A celebrated Greek writer of the modern period (1748–1809), who owes much of his fame to the fact that he used the vernacular for most…
Agioretic, Tome(AGIORITICO, TOMO)Vol. I, p. 290 AGIORITICO, TOMO. - One of the best-known official documents of Palamism (v.), composed on Athos about 1339–40. Gregorio Palamas wished to shield the doctrinal…
Agli, Stefano d'Vol. I, p. 290 AGLI, STEFANO d'. – Ascetical writer, b. in Cremona in the second half of the 15th century, a member of the Order of the Humiliati. He wrote two treatises: De…
Agli-BolVol. I, p. 290 AGLI-BOL. – A deity worshipped at Palmyra, where archaeology attests the existence of a college of priests, altars, and sacrifices dedicated to it. It is a…
Agliardi, AntonioVol. I, p. 290 AGLIARDI, ANTONIO. – Cardinal, born at Cologno al Serio (Bergamo) on 4 September 1832, died in Rome on 19 March 1915. From the diocesan seminary he proceeded…
Aglipayanism(AGLIPAYSMO)Vol. I, p. 290 AGLIPAYSMO. — By this name and by that of the “Philippine Independent Church” is designated the sect founded by the apostate priest Gregorio Aglipay y Labayan,…
Agnation(AGNAZIONE)Vol. I, p. 290 AGNATION. - In Roman law, a. was the bond uniting all free persons who were under the authority of the same paterfamilias, or who would have been under it had…
Agnelli, GiuseppeVol. I, p. 291 AGNELLI, GIUSEPPE. - Jesuit, b. at Napoli on 1 Apr. 1621, d. at Roma on 8 Sept. 1706; professor of moral theology, celebrated as Segneri’s companion in…
Agnello da Pisa, Blessed(AGNELLO DA PISA, BEATO)Vol. I, p. 295 AGNELLO da Pisa, blessed. - A Franciscan and disciple of s. Francesco, born in Pisa about 1104, died in Oxford on 13 March 1232. Having entered the Franciscan…
Agnello of Ravenna(AGNELLO DI RAVENNA)Vol. I, p. 295 AGNELLO di RAVENNA. — Priest of the ninth century, author of the Liber Pontificalis of Ravenna. Born at Ravenna around 805 into a noble and powerful family, at…
AgnelrossoVol. I, p. 296 AGNELROSSO. – Carmelite bishop, born in Naples in 1645, died in Potenza on 30 April 1707. He taught theology in Florence and Naples, and was rector and…
Agnes of Assisi, Saint(AGNESE DI ASSISI, SANTA)Vol. I, p. 299 AGNESE of ASSISI, saint. - Younger sister of St. Chiara, born at Assisi in 1197 and died there on 16 Nov. 1253. Fifteen days after Chiara had joined the…
Agnes of Bilzheim(AGNESE DI BILZHEIM)Vol. I, p. 299 AGNESE di BILZHEIM. - German Dominican mystic, who died at the end of the thirteenth century. She lived as a lay sister in the Dominican monastery of Colmar,…
Agnes of Bohemia, Blessed(AGNESE DI BOEMIA, BEATA)Vol. I, p. 300 AGNESE di BOEMIA, blessed. — B. at Prague in 1208 and d. there on 2 March 1282. Daughter of Ottocaro I, king of Bohemia, and of Costanza of Hungary, a relative…
Agnes of Merania(AGNESE DI MERANIA)Vol. I, p. 300 AGNESE di MERANIA. – Daughter of Duke Bertoldo di Merania, she married in 1196 Filippo II Augusto of France, who had repudiated his first wife Ingberg, sister…
Agnes of Mittelnhiem(AGNESE DI MITTELNHEIM)Vol. I, p. 300 AGNESE di MITTELNHEIM: v. UNTERLINDEN.
Agnes of Montepulciano, Saint(AGNESE DA MONTEPULCIANO, SANTA)Vol. I, p. 300 AGNESE da MONTEPULCIANO, saint. — Dominican, born at Gracciano Vecchio in 1274 (or 1268, or even earlier), died at Montepulciano on 20 April 1317. At the age…
Agnes of Nordera(AGNESE DI NORDERA)Vol. I, p. 300 AGNESE di NORDERA. — Dominican mystic, d. around 1300. At the age of seven she entered the monastery of the Most Holy Annunciation of Adelhausen (v.) near…
Agnes of Orlamünde(AGNESE D'ORLAMÜNDE)Vol. I, p. 300 AGNESE d'ORLAMÜNDE. - Cistercian nun, widely known in the German legend of the Dama bianca (v. weisse Frau v.), born in an unspecified year into the family of…
Agnes of Poitiers, Saint(AGNESE DI POITIERS, SANTA)Vol. I, p. 300 AGNESE di POITIERS, saint. — Abbess of the sixth century, whose feast is celebrated on 13 May. Educated by Queen Radegonda, A. became the first abbess of the…
Agnes, Saint, Martyr(AGNESE, SANTA, MARTIRE)Vol. I, p. 296 AGNESE, saint, martyr. — Of this most famous Roman martyr, probably a victim of the Diocletian persecution, no genuine acts have been preserved; moreover,…
Agnesi, AstorgioVol. I, p. 301 AGNESI, ASTORGIO. - Cardinal, b. at Napoli in 1391, d. at Roma on 10 Oct. 1451; he is buried in the cloister of S. Maria sopra Minerva. Bishop of Mileto (1411)…
Agnesi, Maria GaetanaVol. I, p. 301 AGNESI, MARIA GAETANA. - Scholar of the mathematical sciences and educator, born in Milan on 16 May 1718 and died there on 9 Jan. 1799. Of precocious…
AgniVol. I, p. 301 AGNI. – The god of fire, Agni (pron. agnni), shares with Indra primacy among the gods of ancient India. The Rgveda devotes approximately 200 hymns to him, and…
Agni da Lentini, TommasoVol. I, p. 301 AGNI da LENTINI, TOMMASO. - Sicilian Dominican bishop, d. in the odour of sanctity at Ptolemais in 1277. Having entered the Order shortly after 1220, he…
Agnifilo della Rocca, AmicoVol. I, p. 301 AGNIFILO DELLA ROCCA, AMICO. – Cardinal, born at Roccadimezzo in Abruzzo, died at L’Aquila on 28 October or 9 November 1476. He was a canon of S. Maria…
Agnolo di VenturaVol. I, p. 302 AGNOLO di VENTURA: v. AGOSTINO di GIOVANNI.
Agnosians(AGNOETI)Vol. I, p. 302 AGNOETI. — A sect associated with Severian Monophysitism, so called because it attributes to the human soul of the incarnate Word ignorance (ἀγνόις in Greek)…
Agnosticism(AGNOSTICISMO)Vol. I, p. 302 AGNOSTICISM. – It is the spiritual attitude of one who suspends judgment concerning the existence and nature of the Absolute and of the Divinity. 1) Notion.…
Agnostos Theos (Unknown God)(ÁGNOSTOS THEÓS (DIO SCONOSCIUTO))Vol. I, p. 310 ÁGNOSTOS THEÓS (unknown god). — Pausanias (I, 1, 4) knows at Phaleron βωμοί θεῶν ὀνομαζομένων ἀγνώστων, that is, “altars of unknown gods” (thus Weinreich, in…
Agnus DeiVol. I, p. 311 AGNUS DEI. - Liturgical formula introduced into the Mass by Pope Sergio I, following an ancient Greek usage, with direct allusion to the expression of Giovanni…
Agnus Dei, Blessing of the(AGNUS DEI, BENEDIZIONE DEGLI)Vol. I, p. 311 AGNUS DEI, BENEDICTION of the. — The a. D. currently in use are white-wax medallions, oval in shape and of varying size, blessed by the Supreme Pontiff on…
Agobard, Saint(AGOBARDO, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 312 AGOBARDO, saint. — Archbishop of Lyon, born in Spain in 769 or 779, died on 6 June 840. He was brought as a child to Narbonese Gaul and, in 792, to Lyon. There…
Agonalia (Agonia)(AGONALI (AGONALIA, AGONIA))Vol. I, p. 313 AGONALI (Agonalia, Agonia). — Roman festivals held four times a year: on 9 January, 17 March, 21 May, and 11 December. We derive these dates from the…
Agony(AGONIA)Vol. I, p. 313 AGONIA. - From ἀγωνία = struggle, anxiety, anguish; “the extreme struggle of the body against death” (cf. Vocab. lingua ital. della R. Accad. d'Ital., s.v.).…
Agony of Jesus Christ(AGONIA DI GESÙ CRISTO)Vol. I, p. 315 AGONIA DI GESÙ CRISTO. — By “a. di G. C.” is understood that immense accumulation of sufferings to which Jesus was subjected in the garden of Gethsemane, when…
Agony, Archconfraternity of the(AGONIA, ARCICONFRATERNITA DELL')Vol. I, p. 314 AGONIA, ARCHCONFRATERNITY of the. - The work of the « Holy Agony of Our Lord Jesus Christ in the Garden of Olives » was established in the second half of the…
Agop, Giovanni HollovVol. I, p. 316 AGOP, GIOVANNI HOLLOV. – Armenian Catholic priest, born in Constantinople in the first half of the 17th century, distinguished as a grammarian, translator into…
Agostini, BonifacioVol. I, p. 316 AGOSTINI, BONIFACIO. — Born at Montolmo (Marche), died in 1698. Having entered the Order of Conventual Friars Minor, he was entrusted with teaching theology at…
Agostini, DomenicoVol. I, p. 316 AGOSTINI, DOMENICO. - Cardinal, b. at Treviso on 1 June 1825, d. at Venezia on 31 Dec. 1891. He studied at the Episcopal Seminary of Treviso and at the…
Agostini, Gargano da SienaVol. I, p. 317 AGOSTINI, GARGANO da SIENA. — Master of theology, regent of studies in his homeland (1488–91), and commissary general of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual…
Agostini, GiuseppeVol. I, p. 317 AGOSTINI, GIUSEPPE. – Jesuit moral theologian, born in Palermo on 15 March 1575, died there on 29 May 1643. He taught philosophy in Rome and theology in Lyons,…
Agostini, PaoloVol. I, p. 317 AGOSTINI, PAOLO. - Musician, b. at Vallerano c. 1583, d. at Rome in September 1629. He was a pupil and later son-in-law of G. B. Nanino; maestro di cappella at…
Agostino Da BergamoVol. I, p. 322 AGOSTINO da BERGAMO. — Three Augustinians bore this name: of the first, it is known only that he was a professor in Paris from 1303 to 1305. The second, vicar…
Agostino Da BiellaVol. I, p. 325 AGOSTINO da BIELLA. – An Augustinian theologian and philosopher, from 1495 onward he was a lecturer at Padua; he edited an edition of Egidio Romano’s Liber…
Agostino Da ComoVol. I, p. 325 AGOSTINO da COMO. – An Augustinian theologian and preacher, he appears in the official books of his order in 1388 as residing in Pavia; in 1390 he is called a…
Agostino Da CoruñaVol. I, p. 325 AGOSTINO da CORUÑA. – Born in La Coruña in 1510, died in 1590. Having become an Augustinian in 1525, he went as a missionary to Mexico (1533), where he worked…
Agostino Da LodiVol. I, p. 327 AGOSTINO da LODI: v. PSEUDO BOCCACCINO.
Agostino Da MontefeltroVol. I, p. 327 AGOSTINO da MONTEFELTRO. — Franciscan, preacher, b. at S. Agata Feltria on 1 March 1839, d. at Marina di Pisa on 4 April 1921. First a secular priest and…
Agostino Da ZamoraVol. I, p. 328 AGOSTINO da ZAMORA. — Spanish Capuchin of the 17th century, writer on asceticism and mysticism, born in Zamora. He wrote: La margarita preciosa del Corazón…
Agostino Della Croce (Da Cruz)Vol. I, p. 325 AGOSTINO della CROCE (da CRUZ). — Portuguese religious, in the world A. Pimenta, brother of the celebrated poet Diego Bernardes. Born at Ponte da Barca (Minho)…
Agostino Della Vergine MariaVol. I, p. 328 AGOSTINO della VERGINE MARIA. — French Carmelite, in the world Guglielmo Goazmoal, born at Léon (Brittany) and died at Vannes on 27 June 1689. He made his…
Agostino Detto Novello, Blessed(AGOSTINO DETTO NOVELLO, BEATO)Vol. I, p. 327 AGOSTINO known as NOVELLO, Blessed. - Born at Tarano in Sabina, died 19 May 1309. He completed his studies in law at Bologna. Having attained great renown, he…
Agostino Di Dacia (Dacus)Vol. I, p. 326 AGOSTINO di DACIA (Dacus). - A Dominican of Dacia (the medieval Latin designation for Scandinavia), d. 1285. He was provincial of Dacia for 22 years, from 1254…
Agostino Di DuccioVol. I, p. 326 AGOSTINO di DUCCIO. — Sculptor and architect (born in Florence in 1418, died c. 1481). His artistic education is unknown; nevertheless, especially in his very…
Agostino Di GiovanniVol. I, p. 326 AGOSTINO di GIOVANNI. - Sculptor and architect from Siena, documented from 1310 to 1348, the probable year of his death; he is generally remembered together…
Agostino Di RomaVol. I, p. 327 AGOSTINO di ROMA: v. FAVARONI AGOSTINO. AGOSTINO di SANTA MARIA. - French Carmelite tertiary, missionary, in the world G. P. Bouteloup, b. in Paris on 31 May…
Agostino TrionfoVol. I, p. 328 AGOSTINO TRIONFO: v. TRIONFO AGOSTINO.
Agramunt, JoséVol. I, p. 356 AGRAMUNT, José. – Spanish Dominican, born in 1657 and died in 1732; he belonged to the convent of Valencia, where he entered in 1672. A prolific spiritual…
Agramunt, PascualVol. I, p. 356 AGRAMUNT, PASCUAL. — Spanish Jesuit, born on 3 May 1688 in Valenza, died there on 23 March or 27 May 1738. Having entered the Society of Jesus, he was…
Agraphon (Greek: "Unwritten Thing"; plural Agrapha)(ÁGRAPHON (GRECO: «COSA NON SCRITTA»; PLURALE AGRAPHA))Vol. I, p. 356 ÁGRAPHON (Greek: “unwritten thing”; plural agrapha). — An isolated saying (λόγιον) of Jesus (during his earthly life), transmitted outside the canonical…
Agrarian Land Register(CATASTO AGRARIO)Vol. III, p. 637 CATASTO AGRARIO. — This is the inventory of landed property for fiscal and civil purposes. Its usefulness was recognized by the Chaldeans 4000 years B.C., the…
Agrarian Question(AGRARIA, QUESTIONE)Vol. I, p. 357 AGRARIA, QUESTIONE: V. RURALE, QUESTIONE.
Agresti, Livio, Called Il Ricciuto(AGRESTI, LIVIO, DETTO IL RICCIUTO)Vol. I, p. 358 AGRESTI, LIVIO, known as RICCIUTO. — Mannerist painter from Forlì, whose year of birth is unknown; he died in 1580. His teacher was Francesco Mensocchi, heir…
Agricola (Bauer), FranzVol. I, p. 359 AGRICOLA (BAUER), FRANZ. – German theologian and controversialist, born around the middle of the sixteenth century at Lohn, near Aldenhoven, died at Sittard on…
Agricola (Schneider), JohannVol. I, p. 359 AGRICOLA (SCHNEIDER), JOHANN. – Protestant theologian, born in 1494 at Eisleben, whence the appellation Magister Islebius, and died in Berlin in 1566. He…
Agricola MagnusVol. I, p. 363 AGRICOLA MAGNUS. – Benedictine theologian, born at Augsburg on an unspecified date and died in 1688. He taught philosophy at the University of Salzburg in…
Agricola, AlessandroVol. I, p. 359 AGRICOLA, ALESSANDRO. – Musician, born around 1446 in Flanders. From a young age he was a singer in the Sforza chapel in Milan, where he remained until 1474;…
Agricola, FilippoVol. I, p. 359 AGRICOLA, FILIPPO. - Painter, b. in Rome on 12 Apr. 1795 (according to some, in Urbino in 1776), son of Luigi (also a painter and, among other things, author…
Agricola, IgnazVol. I, p. 359 AGRICOLA, IGNAZ. – German Jesuit, born at Zusamalheim, in the diocese of Augsburg, on 31 July 1661, died at Munich on 23 January 1729. He entered the Order on…
Agricola, Martin (Martinus Sore)Vol. I, p. 359 AGRICOLA, MARTIN (Martinus Sore). - Musician, son of a peasant, who Latinized his surname; b. probably on 6 Jan. 1486 at Schwiebus, d. 10 June 1556 at…
Agricola, MichaelVol. I, p. 360 AGRICOLA, MICHAEL. — Born around 1508 or 1512 at Torsby, in the parish of Perna or Pernaja, and died suddenly on 9 April 1557 near Viborg (Viipuri), in whose…
Agricola, Pelagian(AGRICOLA, PELAGIANO)Vol. I, p. 360 AGRICOLA, PELAGIAN. - Known only from Prospero di Aquitania, who says (Chronicon, ad a. 429: PL 51, 594): “A., a Pelagian, son of the Pelagian bishop…
Agricola, RodolfoVol. I, p. 360 AGRICOLA, RODOLFO. – Born at Bafloo, near Groningen, in the northern Netherlands, on 17 February 1444. A. showed an inclination toward music, drawing, wood…
Agricola, Saint, Martyr(AGRICOLA, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. I, p. 359 AGRICOLA, saint, martyr: v. VITALE e AGRICOLA, santi, martiri.
Agrigento, Diocese of(AGRIGENTO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 363 AGRIGENTO, DIOCESI di. — In southern Sicily, it is a suffragan see of Monreale, called Girgenti until 1927; it now has approximately 28,000 inhabitants (35,000…
Agrippa I (Marcus Julius; or Herod Agrippa)(AGRIPPA I (MARCUS IULIUS; O ERODE AGRIPPA))Vol. I, p. 364 AGRIPPA I (Marcus Iulius; or HEROD AGRIPPA). — A Jewish king, who lived between 10/9 B.C. and A.D. 44, of the Herodian dynasty, son of Aristobulus and…
Agrippa II (Marcus Julius; or Herod Agrippa)(AGRIPPA II (MARCUS IULIUS; O ERODE AGRIPPA))Vol. I, p. 365 AGRIPPA II (Marcus Iulius; or ERODE AGRIPPA). — Son of the preceding, born in A.D. 27–28, died probably between 92 and 93. Educated at the imperial court, he…
Agrippa of Nettesheim, Cornelius Heinrich(AGRIPPA DI NETTESHEIM, CORNELIUS HEINRICH)Vol. I, p. 365 AGRIPPA di NETTESHEIM, CORNELIUS HEINRICH. – Philosopher, born in Cologne in 1486 to a noble family. After an unsettled and adventurous life, he died,…
Agrément (Agrétation, Gradimento)Vol. I, p. 358 AGRÉMENT (agrétation, gradimento). — A term indicating, also in ecclesiastical diplomacy, the approval given by a government for the dispatch to it of a…
Aguado, FrancescoVol. I, p. 366 AGUADO, FRANCESCO. - Spanish Jesuit, b. at Torrejón de Ardoz on 11 Oct. 1572, d. at Madrid on 15 Jan. 1654. He spent his entire life in positions of…
Aguas Calientes, Diocese of(AGUAS CALIENTES, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 366 AGUAS CALIENTES, DIOCESE of. - In the republic of Mexico (state of Aguas Calientes), suffragan to Guadalajara. The city, whose name derives from the nearby…
Agucchi, Giovanni BattistaVol. I, p. 366 AGUCCHI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA. - Apostolic nuncio. B. on 20 Nov. 1570 to a Bolognese family, d. in 1632 at Motta di Livenza. He was secretary to his uncle, Card.…
Agucchi, GirolamoVol. I, p. 366 AGUCCHI, GIROLAMO. - Cardinal, brother of the preceding, b. in 1554, d. in Rome on 17 Apr. 1605. In the service of his uncle, Card. Filippo Sega, he followed…
Aguesseau, Henri François d'Vol. I, p. 366 AGUESSEAU, HENRI FRANÇOIS d'. - Born at Limoges in 1668, died at Paris in 1751. French jurist and statesman; after holding various offices he was appointed…
Aguilar, Alfonso deVol. I, p. 366 AGUILAR, ALFONSO de. — Cardinal, inquisitor general of Spain; born in Madrid in 1653, died there in 1699. He soon became a canon of the cathedral of Cordova,…
Aguilar, DiegoVol. I, p. 366 AGUILAR, DIEGO. – Augustinian, d. in 1620. He professed his vows in the convent of Valencia in 1570. In his final years, he joined the congregation of the…
Aguilar, Francesco Antonio deVol. I, p. 366 AGUILAR, FRANCESCO ANTONIO de. – Augustinian of the convent of Cordova in the seventeenth century; he died in 1700. He was appointed to important offices not…
Aguilar, Gaspar Honorato deVol. I, p. 366 AGUILAR, GASPAR HONORATO de. – Spanish man of letters, originally from Valenza and living from 1561 to 1623, he was among the first ten members of the…
Aguilar, JoséVol. I, p. 367 AGUILAR, JOSÉ. — Peruvian Jesuit, born in Lima on 7 August 1652, died in Panama on 20 February 1798. He taught philosophy and theology, served as rector of the…
Aguilar, Juan IgnacioVol. I, p. 367 AGUILAR, JUAN IGNACIO. – Peruvian Jesuit, born in Huamanga in 1719, deported to Italy under Charles III, died in Ferrara in 1799. A good preacher in the…
Aguilera, EmmanueleVol. I, p. 367 AGUILERA, EMMANUELE. — Sicilian Jesuit, born in Licata on 23 December 1677, died in Palermo on 27 October 1740. Professor of philosophy in Rome and…
Aguilon, François d'Vol. I, p. 367 AGUILON, FRANÇOIS d'. - Belgian Jesuit, born in Brussels on 4 January 1567; he entered the novitiate at Tournai in 1586. Ordained priest in 1596, he spent the…
Aguirre, José Sáenz de(AGUIRRE, JOSÉ SAENZ DE)Vol. I, p. 367 AGUIRRE, JOSÉ SAENZ de. - Benedictine theologian, b. at Logroño (Spain) in 1630, created cardinal by Innocent XI in 1686, d. at Rome in 1699. The A., professor…
Agur, Son of Jakeh(AGUR, FIGLIO DI JAQEH)Vol. I, p. 367 AGUR, son of JAQEH. — An unknown sage, author of a group of maxims in Prov. 30. St. Girolamo in the Vulgate, identifying him with Solomon, interpreted the two…
Agurto, Pedro deVol. I, p. 368 AGURTO, PEDRO de. – Augustinian, first bishop of Cebù in the Philippines, born in Mexico, on an unknown date. Having entered the Order, he enrolled at the…
Agustín, Antonio(AGUSTIN, ANTONIO)Vol. I, p. 368 AGUSTIN, ANTONIO. - Distinguished Spanish jurist and theologian, b. at Saragozza on 26 Feb. 1517, d. at Tarragona on 31 May 1586. He studied at Salamanca,…
Aguzzoni (Uguccioni), Francesco(AGUZZONI, (UGUCCIONI), FRANCESCO)Vol. I, p. 368 AGUZZONI, (UGUCCIONI), FRANCESCO. - Cardinal, born at Urbino, doctor of canon and civil law. He was created bishop of Faenza in 1378 by Urbano VI, who in 1380…
Ahab (Hebrew «Brother of the Father»; Assyrian A-ḫa-ab-bu)(ACHAB (EBR. « FRATELLO DEL PADRE »; ASIR. A-HA-AB-BU))Vol. I, p. 154 ACHAB (Hebr. “brother of the father”; Assyr. A-ha-ab-bu). — King of Israel from 875 to 853 B.C. His history is narrated in I Kings 16:29–22:40. From his father…
Ahasuerus(ASSUERO)Vol. II, p. 143 ASSUERO. — A Persian king discussed at length in Esth. (the Septuagint erroneously substitutes “Artaxerxes” for him). He is mentioned again in Esd. 4:6; Tob.…
Ahaus (Ahuis), Heinrich vonVol. I, p. 368 AHAUS (AHUIS), HEINRICH von. - Founder of the Brothers of the Common Life in Germany, b. in 1371, d. at Münster on 14 Feb. 1439. He was the son of Ludolfo,…
Ahaz (Heb. 'Aḥaz, 'He [God] Holds')(ACHAZ (EBR. « EGLI [DIO] TIENE »))Vol. I, p. 154 ACHAZ (Hebr. “He [God] holds”). — King of Judah for 16 years, probably from 743 to 728, or from 741 to 726. Son of Joatham, he succeeded him at the age of 25.…
Ahiah (Vulgate Ahias; Hebrew 'Abijjah, as in Achiah, q.v.)(AHIA (VOLGATA AHIAS; EBR. 'ABIJJAH, COME ACHIA, V.))Vol. I, p. 368 AHIA (Vulgate Ahias; Hebr. 'Abijjah, as Achia, v.). — Prophet of Shilo (therefore called the Silonite), the sole prophet of the kingdom of Solomon and of the…
AhiaiVol. I, p. 368 AHIAI. – He was elected archbishop of Seleucia in 411 and died in 415 or 416. He had been a disciple of Abda, founder of a monastery and a school over which he…
Ahimaaz (Hebrew, prob. «Brother of the Empire»)(ACHIMAAS (EBR., PROB. «FRATELLO DELL'IMPERO»))Vol. I, p. 158 ACHIMAAS (Heb., probably “brother of the empire”). – The exceedingly swift and heroic son of the high priest Sadac. He remained with his father in Jerusalem…
Ahiqar (Aramaic Ahia-Iaqar: 'The Brother Is Precious' or 'Dear')(AHIQAR (ARAMAICO AHIA-IAQAR : « IL FRATELLO È PREZIOSO » O « CARO »))Vol. I, p. 369 AHIQAR (Aramaic Ahia-iaqar: “the brother is precious” or “dear”). — Assyrian sage, chancellor of Sennacherib (705–681 B.C.), and later of Esarhaddon (681–669).…
Ahithophel(ACHITOFEL)Vol. I, p. 161 ACHITOFEL. - A shrewd counsellor, later a traitor, of David, native of Gilo (Giala) in the mountains of Judah, father of the hero Elia (II Reg. 23, 24). In…
Ahlborn, Augusto Guglielmo GiulioVol. I, p. 369 AHLBORN, AUGUSTO GUGLIELMO GIULIO. — Landscape painter, born at Hannover in 1796, died in Rome in 1857. A pupil of the Berlin Academy, he followed Schinkel’s…
Ahle, Johann RudolphVol. I, p. 369 AHLE, JOHANN RUDOLPH. – Theologian and musician, born on 24 December 1626 in Mülhausen in Thuringia, died there on 9 July 1673. Among his many works,…
AhmedabadVol. I, p. 369 AHMEDABAD : v. BOMBAY, ARCIDIOCESI di.
AhrimanVol. I, p. 369 AHRIMAN. - In the Mazdean religion, this is the evil principle, that from which every evil originates, also called in older forms angro mainyush. The second…
Ahuis, Hendrik vanVol. I, p. 370 AHUIS, HENDRIK van: v. AHAUS HEINRICH von.
Ahura Mazda(AHURAMAZDÀ)Vol. I, p. 370 AHURAMAZDÀ. – This is the name of the supreme divinity in the doctrine of Zarathustra (in more recent times transcribed as Ormazd), from which the religion…
Aias(AIACE)Vol. I, p. 370 AIACE. – Galatian adventurer, at first Catholic, then Arian. Idacius calls him senior arrianus, an expression interpreted differently by historians. A priest…
Aiblinger, Johann KasparVol. I, p. 371 AIBLINGER, JOHANN KASPAR. – Composer, born at Wasserburg am Inn on 23 February 1779, died in Munich on 6 May 1867. He completed his musical studies in Munich…
Aicard, Jean-François-VictorVol. I, p. 371 AICARD, JEAN-FRANÇOIS-VICTOR. - French poet and dramatist, b. at Toulon in 1848, d. at Paris in 1921. He interrupted his studies of law in order to devote…
Aicher, OttoneVol. I, p. 371 AICHER, OTTONE. – Benedictine of the Bavarian abbey of St. Veit, born in an unspecified place in 1628, died at Salzburg in 1705. In Germany, he brought honor…
Aichinger, GregorVol. I, p. 371 AICHINGER, GREGOR. — Composer, born in Ratisbona in 1564, died in Augusta on 21 January 1628. He studied at Ingolstadt, served as organist to Giacomo Fugger…
Aichner, SimonVol. I, p. 371 AICHNER, SIMON. — Canonist, born in Terenten (Tyrol) on 19 October 1816, died in Bressanone on 1 November 1911. Professor of canon law at the seminary of…
Aidan (Aedán, Aidanus), Saint(AIDANO (AEDAN, AIDANUS), SANTO)Vol. I, p. 371 AIDANO (Aedan, Aidanus), saint. — Irish monk, founder and first abbot-bishop of Lindisfarne. We know nothing of his youth. We find him a monk at Iona in 635,…
Aignan of Orléans, Saint(ANIANO DI ORLÉANS, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 788 ANIANO of ORLÉANS, saint. — Successor of St. Evurtius in the episcopal see of Orléans, known chiefly through the accounts of Sidonius Apollinaris (Epist. VIII,…
Aignan, FrançoisVol. I, p. 372 AIGNAN, FRANÇOIS. — The former Capuchin missionary Fr. Tranquillo d'Orléans (père Tranquille), born in 1644, who joined the Cluniac Benedictines around 1690…
Aigrefeuille, Guillaume (the Elder)(AIGREFEUILLE, GUILLAUME (SENIORE))Vol. I, p. 372 AIGREFEUILLE, GUILLAUME (the elder). – Cardinal, born at Lafond, near Saint-Exupéry, c. 1317, died at Viterbo in 1369. Having entered the Benedictine Order, he…
Aigrefeuille, Guillaume (the Younger)(AIGREFEUILLE, GUILLAUME (IUNIORE))Vol. I, p. 373 AIGREFEUILLE, GUILLAUME (the younger). - Cardinal, born at Saint-Exupéry in 1339, died at Avignone on 13 Jan. 1401. He studied at Tolosa, where in 1365 he…
Aiguani (Anguani, Anchiani), MicheleVol. I, p. 373 AIGUANI (ANGUANI, ANCHIANI), MICHELE. - Distinguished Carmelite theologian of the 14th century, better known under the name “Michele di Bologna” because he was…
Aijalon (Hebrew, from root 'Ajjāl "Deer", nearly "Place of Deer")(AIALON (EBRAICO, DALLA RADICE 'AJJĀL «CERVO», QUASI «LUOGO DEI CERVI»))Vol. I, p. 371 AIALON (Hebrew, from the root 'ajjāl “stag,” approximately “place of the stags”). — 1. Amorite city (Iudc. 1:35), called Ajalāna or Jalāna in the el-Amarna…
Aikenhead, Mary, Servant of God(AIKENHEAD, MARY, SERVA DI DIO)Vol. I, p. 373 AIKENHEAD, MARY, Servant of God. - Foundress of the Irish Sisters of Charity, born at Cork (Ireland) on 15 Jan. 1787 of a Catholic mother and an Anglican…
Ailerano (Aileranus, Aieranus, Eerianus), called the Wise, Saint(AILERANO (AILERANUS, AIERANUS, AIERANUS, EERIANUS), DETTO IL SAPIENTE, SANTO)Vol. I, p. 373 AILERANO (Aileranus, Aieranus, Aieranus, Eerianus), called the WISE, saint. — Little is known of his life. He was a monk at Clonard (v.) and, apparently, from…
Ailly, Pierre d' (Petrus de Alliaco)Vol. I, p. 373 AILLY, PIERRE d' (PETRUS DE ALLIACO). — French scientist, philosopher, and theologian, confessor to Charles VI, statesman, bishop, and cardinal, he was one of…
Aimeric de Malifaye(AIMERICO DE MALIFAYE)Vol. I, p. 375 AIMERICO de MALIFAYE. – Died in 1196. From 1142 he was Latin patriarch of Antioch. Extremely steadfast in defending the city against the Muslims and divine…
Aimeric of Piacenza(AIMERICO DI PIACENZA)Vol. I, p. 375 AIMERICO di PIACENZA. — Twelfth master general of the Dominicans. Whether he was descended from the Giliani family, as Echard maintains (Script. Ord. Praed.,…
Aimeric, Mateo(AIMERICH, MATEO)Vol. I, p. 375 AIMERICH, MATEO: V. AYMERICH, MATEO.
Aimo (Latin Haymo, Haimo, Aimo, Hemmo), Bishop of Halberstadt(AIMONE (LAT. HAYMO, HAIMO, AIMO, HEMMO), VESCOVO DI HALBERSTADT)Vol. I, p. 375 AIMONE (Latin: Haymo, Haimo, Aimo, Hemmo), bishop of HALBERSTADT. — Born around 778, died on 26 or 27 March 853. According to some, his place of birth was in…
Aimoin (Aimoinus, Aymoinus) of Saint-Germain(AIMOINO (AIMOINUS, AYMOINUS) DI SAN GERMANO)Vol. I, p. 375 AIMOINO (Aimoinus, Aymoinus) di SAN GERMANO. — Monk in the Parisian monastery of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, often confused with Aimoino di Fleury. A monk before…
Aimoino (or Aimone) of Fleury(AIMOINO (O AIMONE) DI FLEURY)Vol. I, p. 375 AIMOINO (or AIMONE) of FLEURY. – Born into a noble family of Périgord, he entered Fleury around 980 and died there around 1008. At the order of his abbot Abbo…
Aimone (Heimo)Vol. I, p. 375 AIMONE (HEIMO). – German historiographer, d. 31 July 1139. He was a canon of S. Giacomo of Bamberg and wrote a Chronographia in the form of annals extending…
Ain Karim (Arabic: "Fountain of the Vineyard")(AIN KARIM (ARABO: «FONTANA DELLA VIGNA»))Vol. I, p. 377 AIN KARIM (Arabic: “fountain of the vineyard”). - A village situated 7 km west of Jerusalem (- Karem of Jos., 15, 59, according to the Septuagint), which,…
Ain ZaraVol. I, p. 377 AIN ZARA. — Locality in Libya, approximately 13 km south of Tripoli, where a remarkable early Christian necropolis has been discovered, consisting generally of…
Ainalov, Dimitri Vasilevich(AINALOV, DIMITRI VASILEVIC)Vol. I, p. 377 AINALOV, DIMITRI VASILEVIC. - Russian art historian, disciple of Kondakov, b. in 1862, d. in 1939. Despite his teaching activity in the faculties of Byzantine…
Ainsworth, HenryVol. I, p. 377 AINSWORTH, HENRY. - English nonconformist theologian, b. at Swanton Morley (Norfolk) in 1571, d. at Amsterdam, poisoned, it is said, by the Jews in 1622 or…
AinuVol. I, p. 377 AINU: v. PRIMITIVI, RELIGIONE dei.
Aire, Diocese of(AIRE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 377 AIRE, DIOCESI di. – Bishopric of southern France, suffragan to the metropolitan see of Auch. Its territory comprises the department of Landes, with 240,000…
Airoldi Aliprandi, CesareVol. I, p. 378 AIROLDI ALIPRANDI, CESARE. — Priest, born in Milan on 26 October 1800, died there on 3 January 1891. He was first in the seminary at Monza, then in Milan, and…
Airoldi, CesareVol. I, p. 378 AIROLDI, CESARE. – Political figure, born in Palermo on 2 November 1774, died in Florence on 28 December 1858. He studied at Pavia, but upon the arrival of the…
AissaouaVol. I, p. 378 AISSAOUA. - French form of the name of the Muslim brotherhood of the 'Isawiyya (in Maghrebi pronunciation Aisawiyya), founded in Morocco in the 16th century by…
Aix, Archdiocese of(AIX, ARCIDIOCESI D')Vol. I, p. 378 AIX, ARCHDIOCESE OF. - A French metropolitan see city in Provence, A. is the oldest Latin colony in Gaul, founded around the year 120 B.C. by the consul Caius…
Ajaccio, Diocese of(AJACCIO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 382 AJACCIO, DIOCESI of. — In Corsica, suffragan of Aix. The principal city of the island, A. is the capital of Corsica. From a testimony of Pope Gregorio Magno…
Ajmer, Diocese of(AJMER, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 382 AJMER, DIOCESE of. - In India, it is suffragan to Agra and entrusted to the Capuchins of the province of Paris. It was erected in 1913 through the elevation to…
Akathist(ACATISTO)Vol. I, p. 118 ACATISTO. — Hymn of the Greek liturgy celebrating the mystery of the Incarnation. Its primary meaning, from ἀκάθιστος (ἀκαθίζομαι), indicates that one stands…
AkbarVol. I, p. 383 AKBAR. – Sultan of India, third of the Moghul dynasty. He was the son of Humājūn and grandson of Bāber, the founder of the dynasty. Born at Umarkot in Sind on…
Akhmim (Aḥmīm)Vol. I, p. 384 AKHMIM (Aḥmīm). — City of Middle Egypt, with a high percentage of Coptic population, situated on the site of ancient Panopolis, sacred to the cult of Min-Pan.…
Akindynos, GregoriosVol. I, p. 384 AKINDYNOS, GREGORIOS. — A Greek monk of the fourteenth century, whose life is almost unknown and whose works are for the most part unpublished. He played an…
Akra of Jerusalem(AKRA DI GERUSALEMME)Vol. I, p. 385 AKRA di GERUSALEMME: v. ACRA.
Akra of the Chaldeans(AKRA DEI CALDEI)Vol. I, p. 385 AKRA of the CHALDEANS. - An archbishopric of the Syro-Chaldean rite in Kurdistan, whose origin is unknown, with its seat at A., the chief town of a “caza,”…
Aksakov, Ivan E KonstantinVol. I, p. 385 AKSAKOV, IVAN and KONSTANTIN. – Russian writers and publishers of the 19th century, sons of Sergio Timofeevic Aksakov (1791–1859). The elder, Konstantin…
AksumVol. I, p. 385 AKSUM. — City of northern Ethiopia, at an elevation of 2,130 m above sea level, with approximately 10,000 inhabitants. A very ancient population center…
Akyab, Apostolic Prefecture of(AKYAB, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. I, p. 386 AKYAB, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. — Established in 1940 with territory detached from the diocese of Chittagong (Burma). It is entrusted to the Missionaries of…
Akīgān, AndreaVol. I, p. 384 AKĪGĀN, ANDREA. — First patriarch of the Catholic Syrians, b. at Mardin in 1622, d. there in 1677. Having converted to Catholicism, he entered the Maronite…
Al-Ghazali(ALGAZALI)Vol. I, p. 535 ALGAZALI: v. al-GAZZALI.
Al-Maśrīo ("The East")(AL-MAŚRIO («L'ORIENTE»))Vol. I, p. 554 AL-MAŚRIO (“The East”). — Catholic journal of scientific popularization in the Arabic language, founded in Beirut in 1898 by the Jesuits of the University of…
Alabaster(ALABASTRO)Vol. I, p. 386 ALABASTRO: v. MARMO.
AlacoqueVol. I, p. 386 ALACOQUE: v. MARGHERITA MARIA ALACOQUE.
AlagVol. I, p. 386 ALAG. — Canon of Auxerre, who lived in the ninth century. Together with the canon Rainogala and under the direction of the monk Erico, he collaborated on the…
Alagona, PietroVol. I, p. 386 ALAGONA, PIETRO. — Italian theologian and canonist, born in Syracuse in 1549, died in Rome in 1624; penitentiary of St. Peter’s. A Jesuit from 1564, he held…
Alajuela, Diocese of(ALAJUELA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. I, p. 386 ALAJUELA, DIOCESE of. — In the Republic of Costa Rica, suffragan of S. José de Costarica, erected on 12 February 1921 by Benedict XV. The episcopal residence…
Alaleona, DomenicoVol. I, p. 386 ALALEONA, DOMENICO. – Musicologist and composer, born in Montegiorgio (Macerata) on 16 November 1881, died there on 24 November 1928. Having graduated from S.…
AlamanniVol. I, p. 386 ALAMANNI. — Also called Alemanni or Suebi, they were one of the great Germanic tribes that later formed the kingdom of the East Franks and Germany. During the…
Alamanni, CosimoVol. I, p. 387 ALAMANNI, COSIMO. — A renowned student of Thomistic philosophy, born in Milan in 1559 and died there on 24 May 1624. He entered the Society of Jesus at a young…
Alamanni, GiovanniVol. I, p. 387 ALAMANNI, GIOVANNI: V. ALEMANNO JOHANAN.
Alamanni, LuigiVol. I, p. 387 ALAMANNI, LUIGI. — Man of letters, born in Florence in 1495, died at Amboise in 1556. He attended the lectures of Francesco Cattani, a disciple of Marsilio…
Alamany y Conill, José SádocVol. I, p. 387 ALAMANY Y CONILL, JOSÉ SÁDOC. — Dominican, born on 13 June 1814 in Vich (Spain) and died on 14 April 1888 in Valenza. He was first in Viterbo, then in Memphis…
Aland, JanVol. I, p. 387 ALAND, JAN. – Polish Jesuit, born in Lviv in 1590, entered the Society around 1619, died in Nieswieś on 13 March 1641. Professor of rhetoric at Jarosław, he…
AlaniVol. I, p. 387 ALANI. - A nomadic people of Scythian stock. At the time when they appear in history, they inhabited the region between the Caspian Sea and Lake Aral. Around…
Alano di BalmerinoVol. I, p. 387 ALANO DI BALMERINO: v. ALMO (ALANO), blessed.
Alano di FarfaVol. I, p. 387 ALANO DI FARFA. - Benedictine, originally from Aquitaine and a monk of S. Maria di Farfa, of which he was elected abbot in 761. Previously, however, he had…
Alano di LynnVol. I, p. 388 ALANO di LYNN. — English Carmelite, originally from Kings-Lynn (county of Norfolk), died at Lynn in 1420. After graduating from the University of Cambridge, he…
Alano of Lille (Alanus ab Insulis, Alain de l'Isle, A. van Ryssel)(ALANO DI LILLA (ALANUS AB INSULIS, ALAIN DE L'ISLE, A. VAN RYSSEL))Vol. I, p. 387 ALANO DI LILLA (Alanus ab Insulis, Alain de l'Isle, A. van Ryssel). — Theologian and philosopher, scholar and poet, born in Lilla between 1115 and 1128, died…
Alanus de Rupe (De Rupe, De La Roche, Van Den Clip)(ALANO DELLA RUPE (DE RUPE, DE LA ROCHE, VAN DEN CLIP))Vol. I, p. 388 ALANO della RUPE (de Rupe, de la Roche, van den Clip). — Dominican preacher and propagator of the Rosary, born in Brittany around 1428, died at Zwolle on 8…
Alarcón, Bartolomé de los Ríos y(ALARCON, BARTOLOMÉ DE LOS RIOS Y)Vol. I, p. 389 ALARCON, BARTOLOMÉ de los Rios y: v. RYOS Y ALARCON.
Alaric I, King of the Visigoths(ALARICO I, RE DEI VISIGOTI)Vol. I, p. 389 ALARICO I, king of the VISIGOTHS. – Descendant of the noble line of the Balti, b. in the year 370, he for some time commanded part of the foederati Goths…
